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Self-immolation

2026-05-19T02:49:25Z

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{{Short description|Suicide by setting oneself on fire}}
{{about|the act of self-immolation|the record company|Self Immolation (record label)}}
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[[File:Thích Quảng Đức self-immolation.jpg|thumb|[[Thích Quảng Đức]] protesting the [[Buddhist crisis|persecution of Buddhists in South Vietnam]] by self-immolation on 11 June 1963]]
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'''Self-immolation''' is the act of setting oneself on fire. It is mostly done for political or religious reasons, often as a form of [[protest]] or in acts of [[martyrdom]], and known for its disturbing and [[violent]] nature.

== Etymology ==

The English word ''[[wikt:immolation|immolation]]'' originally meant (1534) "killing a sacrificial victim; sacrifice" and came to figuratively mean (1690) "destruction, especially by fire". Its etymology was from [[Latin language|Latin]] {{lang|la|[[wikt:immolare#Latin|immolare]]}} "to sprinkle with sacrificial meal ([[mola salsa]]); to sacrifice" in [[Religion in ancient Rome|ancient Roman religion]].<ref>''The Oxford English Dictionary'', 2009, 2nd ed., v. 4.0, [[Oxford University Press]].</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607182026/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/immolate "immolate"], Oxford Dictionaries.</ref> In the [[Mewar]] region of India, women practiced a form of self-immolation called ''[[Jauhar]]'' to avoid being raped by invading armies.{{citation needed|date = April 2024}}

==Effects==
Self-immolators frequently use [[fire accelerant|accelerant]]s before igniting themselves. This, combined with the self-immolators' refusal to protect themselves, can produce hotter flames and deeper, more extensive burns.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/1409232/amp |date=9 April 2012 |title=Burn Care, Self-Immolation: Pain And Progress |first=Cara |last=Santa Maria |work=Huffington Post |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>
Self-immolation has been described as excruciatingly painful. Later, when the burns become severe, nerves are burnt and the self-immolator loses sensation at the burnt areas. Some self-immolators can die during the act from inhalation of toxic [[combustion]] products, hot air, and flames.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2003/apr/26/theeditorpressreview |title=What does death by burning mean? |date=26 April 2003|author=Tvaruzkova, Lucie|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

The human body has an inflammatory response to burnt skin, which happens after 25% is burnt in adults. This response leads to blood and body fluid loss. If the self-immolator is not taken to a burn centre in less than four hours, they are more likely to die from shock. If no more than 80% of their body area is burnt and the self-immolator is younger than 40 years old, there is a survival chance of 50%. If the self-immolator has over 80% burns, the survival rate drops to 20%.<ref name=LosAngelesTimes>{{cite web |url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/02/what-happens-after-someone-sets-themself-on-fire.html|title=What happens after people set themselves on fire? |first=Emily |last=Alpert |date=15 February 2012 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:The Burning of the Rajput women, during the siege of Chitor.jpg|thumb|The self-immolation (''[[jauhar]]'') of the Rajput women, during the [[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittorgarh]] in 1568]]

Self-immolation is tolerated by some elements of [[Mahayana Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]], and it has been practiced for many centuries, especially in India, for various reasons, including ''[[jauhar]]'', political protest, devotion, and renouncement. An example from mythology includes the practice of [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] when the Hindu goddess Parvati's incarnation of the same name (see also [[Dakshayani|Daksayani]]) legendarily set herself on fire after her father insulted her in Daksha Yajna for having married Shiva, the ascetic god. Shiva and the army of ghosts attacked Daksha's Yajna and destroyed the sacrifice, and Shiva beheaded and killed Daksha. Later, Daksha was revived by Shiva and Daksha Yajna was completed when Daksha apologized. Certain warrior cultures, such as those of the [[Charan]]s and [[Rajput]]s, also practiced self-immolation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zarghami |first=Mehran |date=2012 |title=Selection of Person of the Year from Public Health Perspective: Promotion of Mass Clusters of Copycat Self-immolation |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3939949/ |journal=Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |issn=1735-8639 |pmc=3939949 |pmid=24644463}}</ref>

There are several well-known examples from antiquity to modern times. [[Kalanos]], also spelled Calanus ({{langx|grc|Καλανὸς}})<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047.perseus-grc1:8 Plutarch, Life of Alexander, §8]</ref> ({{circa|398}} – 323 BCE), was an ancient Indian [[Gymnosophists|gymnosophist]],<ref name=w>{{cite book |last1=Wheeler |first1=James Talboys |title=The History of India: India from the earliest ages: Hindu, Buddhist, and Brahmanical revival |date=1973 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |pages=171–72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXpDAAAAYAAJ&q=kalanos+brahmin |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=hunter>{{cite book |last=Hunter |first=W.W. |title=The Indian empire : its people, history, and products (1886) |year=2005 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788120615816 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUhvfR1S_UEC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1887 |publisher=Trübner & Company |pages=173 |isbn=978-81-7019-118-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qhw3AQAAMAAJ&q=kalanos+brahmin&pg=PA173 |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Classica Et Mediaevalia |date=1975 |publisher=Librairie Gyldendal |pages=271–276 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiMUAQAAMAAJ&q=kalanos+brahmin |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and philosopher from [[Taxila]]<ref name=Halkias>{{cite journal|last1=Halkias|first1=Georgios|title=The Self-immolation of Kalanos and other Luminous Encounters Among Greeks and Indian Buddhists in the Hellenistic World|journal=Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies|date=2015|volume=8|pages=163–186|url=http://jocbs.org/index.php/jocbs/article/view/111/128|access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref> who accompanied [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Fars province#Persis|Persis]] and later, after falling ill, self-immolated by entering into a pyre, in front of Alexander and his army. [[Diodorus Siculus]] called him Caranus ({{langx|grc|Κάρανος}}).<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.perseus-grc3:17.107 Diodorus Siculus, Library, 17.107.1]</ref>
[[File:Ibn Sayyid Murad al-Husayni - Hindu Couple United on the Funeral Pyre - Walters W64919B - Full Page.jpg|thumb|A [[Hindu]] widow burning herself with the corpse of her husband (''[[Sati (practice)|sati]]''), 1657]]
[[File:Самосожигатели.jpg|thumb|300px|"Samosozhigateli (those who burn themselves)" by Grigoriy Myasoyedov, depicting [[Old Believers]]]]
[[Zarmanochegas]] was a monk of the [[Sramana]] tradition (possibly, but not necessarily a Buddhist) who, according to ancient historians such as [[Strabo]] and [[Dio Cassius]], met [[Nicholas of Damascus]] in [[Antioch]] around 22 BC and burnt himself to death in Athens shortly thereafter.<ref>Strabo, xv, 1, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239&layout=&loc=15.1.73 on the immolation of the Sramana in Athens (Paragraph 73)].</ref><ref>[[Dio Cassius]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/54*.html#9 liv, 9]; see also Halkias, Georgios "The Self-immolation of Kalanos and other Luminous Encounters among Greeks and Indian Buddhists in the Hellenistic world". ''Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies'', Vol. VIII, 2015: 163–186 [https://www.academia.edu/12679460/The_Self-immolation_of_Kalanos_and_other_Luminous_Encounters_Among_Greeks_and_Indian_Buddhists_in_the_Hellenistic_World]</ref>

The monk Fayu ({{lang-zh|c=法羽}}) (d. 396) carried out the earliest recorded Chinese self-immolation.<ref>Benn (2007), 33–34.</ref> He first informed the "illegitimate" prince Yao Xu ({{lang-zh|c=姚緒}})—brother of [[Yao Chang]] who founded the non-Chinese [[Qiang people|Qiang]] state [[Later Qin]] (384–417)—that he intended to burn himself alive. Yao tried to dissuade Fayu, but he publicly swallowed incense chips, wrapped his body in oiled cloth, and chanted while setting fire to himself. The religious and lay witnesses were described as being "full of grief and admiration".

Following Fayu's example, many Buddhist monks and nuns have used self-immolation for political purposes. While some monks did offer their bodies in periods of relative prosperity and peace, there is a "marked coincidence" between acts of self-immolation and times of crisis, especially when secular powers were [[Persecution of Buddhists|hostile towards Buddhism]].<ref name=autogenerated1>(2007), 199.</ref> For example, [[Daoxuan]]'s (c. 667) ''Xu Gaoseng Zhuan'' ({{lang-zh|c=續高僧傳|l=Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks}}) records five monastics who self-immolated on the [[Zhongnan Mountains]] in response to the 574–577 persecution of Buddhism by [[Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou]] (known as the "[[Three Disasters of Wu#Second Disaster|Second Disaster of Wu]]").<ref>Benn (2007), 80–82.</ref>

For many monks and laypeople in Chinese history, self-immolation was a form of Buddhist practice that modeled and expressed a particular path that led towards Buddhahood.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Historian Jimmy Yu has stated that self-immolation cannot be interpreted based on Buddhist doctrine and beliefs alone but the practice must be understood in the larger context of the Chinese religious landscape. He examines many primary sources from the 16th and 17th century and demonstrates that bodily practices of self-harm, including self-immolation, were ritually performed not only by Buddhists but also by [[Daoism|Daoists]] and literati officials who either exposed their naked body to the sun in a prolonged period of time as a form of self-sacrifice or burned themselves as a method of procuring rain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yu |first=Jimmy |title=Sanctity and Self-Inflicted Violence in Chinese Religions, 1500–1700 |year=2012 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-984490-6 |pages=115–130 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199844906.001.0001}}</ref>

During the [[Raskol|Great Schism of the Russian Church]], entire villages of [[Old Believers]] burned themselves to death in an act known as "fire baptism" (self-burners: ''samosozhigateli'').<ref>{{cite book |last=Coleman |first=Loren |author-link=Loren Coleman |title=The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines |title-link=The Copycat Effect|publisher=[[Paraview Pocket Books]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7434-8223-3 |language=en |page=46}}</ref> A 1973 study by a prison doctor suggested that people who choose self-immolation as a form of suicide are more likely to be in a "disturbed state of consciousness", such as [[epilepsy]].<ref name="Prins">{{Cite book|title=Offenders, Deviants or Patients?: Explorations in Clinical Criminology|first=Herschel|last=Prins|author-link=Herschel Prins|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2010|page=291|quote=Topp ... suggested that such individuals ... have some capacity for splitting off feelings from consciousness. ... One imagines that shock and asphyxiation would probably occur within a very short space of time so that the severe pain ... would not have to be endured for too long.}}</ref>

== Political protest ==
{{Further|List of political self-immolations}}
Regarding self-immolation as a form of political protest, the [[14th Dalai Lama]] said in 2013 and 2015:

{{blockquote|I think the self-burning itself  [is a] practice of non-violence. These people, you see, they [could instead] easily use bomb explosive,  [causing more casualties]. But they didn't do that. Only sacrifice their own life. So this also is part of practice of non-violence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2013 |title=Dalai Lama shares wisdom on dissent, death and politicians |url=http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2013/s3781436.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022160622/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2013/s3781436.htm |archive-date=2013-10-22 |publisher=ABC News|location=Australia}}</ref><ref name="Kauffmann2015">{{cite book|author=Thomas Kauffmann|title=The Agendas of Tibetan Refugees: Survival Strategies of a Government-in-Exile in a World of Transnational Organizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uipRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|year=2015|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-78238-283-6|page=70}}</ref>}}

Self-immolations are often public and political statements that are often reported by the news media. They can be seen by others as a type of [[altruistic suicide]] for a collective cause, and are not intended to inflict physical harm on others or cause material damage.<ref name=biggs>{{cite book |chapter=Dying Without Killing: Self-Immolations, 1963–2002 |first=Michael |last=Biggs |title=Making Sense of Suicide Missions |editor=Diego Gambetta |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |chapter-url=http://users.ox.ac.uk/~sfos0060/immolation.pdf | isbn=978-0-19-929797-9 }}</ref>

=== South Vietnam Buddhist crisis ===
The [[Buddhist crisis]] in [[South Vietnam]] saw the persecution of the country's majority religion under the administration of Catholic president [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm]]. Several Buddhist monks, including the most famous case of [[Thích Quảng Đức]], immolated themselves in protest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karnow |first=Stanley |title=Vietnam, a history |date=1991 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-014533-5 |edition=Rev. and updated |location=New York, N.Y., U.S.A |pages=287-297}}</ref>

=== U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War ===
The example set by self-immolators in the mid 20th century sparked similar acts between 1963 and 1971, most of which occurred in Asia and the United States in conjunction with protests opposing the [[Vietnam War]]. Researchers counted almost 100 self-immolations covered by ''[[The New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Times]]''.<ref>{{cite book| title=Comprehensive textbook of suicidology |first=Ronald W. |last=Maris |author2=Alan Lee Berman |author3=Morton M. Silverman |author4=Bruce Michael Bongar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zi-xoFAPnPMC&pg=PA306 |page=306 |publisher=Guilford Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57230-541-0}}</ref>

On 2 November 1965, [[Norman Morrison]], an anti-war activist, doused himself in kerosene and set himself on fire below the office of Secretary of Defense [[Robert McNamara]] at the Pentagon, to protest United States involvement in the Vietnam War.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080422072951/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,834576,00.html "The Pacifists"], ''Time Magazine'', 12 November 1965; accessed 23 July 2007.</ref>

=== Soviet bloc ===
[[File:Laisvės al. Romas kalanta.JPG |thumb| The memorial to [[Romas Kalanta]] in Kaunas in the place of his self-immolation. The inscription reads ''Romas Kalanta 1972''.]]

In 1968, the practice spread to the [[Soviet bloc]] with the self-immolation of Polish accountant and [[Armia Krajowa]] veteran [[Ryszard Siwiec]], Hungarian student and protester against communist dictatorship {{ill|Sándor Bauer|hu|Bauer Sándor (mártír)}}, as well as those of two Czech students, [[Jan Palach]] and [[Jan Zajíc]], and of toolmaker [[Evžen Plocek]], in protest against the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]].{{cn|date=May 2025}}

In 1972, [[Romas Kalanta]], a 19-year-old Lithuanian student, self-immolated to protest against the [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet regime in Lithuania]], sparking the [[1972 unrest in Lithuania]]; another 13 people self-immolated in that same year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anušauskas |first1=Arvydas |author-link1=Arvydas Anušauskas |title=KGB reakcija į 1972 m. įvykius |url=http://www.genocid.lt/Leidyba/13/aarvydas.htm |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=[[Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania]]}}</ref>{{additional citation needed|date=May 2025}}

In 1978, Ukrainian dissident and former political prisoner [[Oleksa Hirnyk]] burnt himself near the tomb of the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko protesting against the russification of Ukraine under Soviet rule. On 2 March 1989, [[Liviu Cornel Babeș]] set himself on fire on the Bradu ski slope at [[Poiana Brașov]] as a sign of protest against [[Socialist Republic of Romania|the Communist regime]].{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

=== India and Sri Lanka ===
[[File:Mozhip por Thiyaagigal mandabam 2.JPG|right|thumb|A memorial for those who died in the anti–Hindi-imposition agitations in Chennai]]
In India, as many as 1,451 and 1,584 self-immolations were reported in 2000 and 2001, respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Loren |last=Coleman |title=The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines |url=https://archive.org/details/copycateffect00lore |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Paraview Pocket-Simon and Schuster |year=2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/copycateffect00lore/page/66 66] |isbn=0-7434-8223-9}}</ref> A particularly high wave of self-immolation was recorded during the [[Mandal Commission protests of 1990]] against the caste-based [[Reservation in India|system of reservation]].<ref name=biggs/> [[Tamil Nadu]] has the highest number of self-immolators in [[States and union territories of India|India]] to date, although not all of them were politically motivated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self-immolation cases in Tamil Nadu much above national average |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1000963 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Tamil nationalism|Tamils in Indian and Sri Lanka]] have protested against the [[Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu|imposition of the Hindi language]], the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]], and their [[Self-immolation of Murugathasan Varnakulasingham|mistreatment by the Sri Lankan government]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title=DMK MP video controversy: How 1965 anti-Hindi protests changed Tamil Nadu's political landscape |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dmk-mp-video-controversy-how-1965-anti-hindi-protests-changed-tamil-nadus-political-landscape-101703664072274.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-26 |title=Man self-immolates protesting 'move to impose Hindi on Tamil Nadu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/man-self-immolates-protesting-move-to-impose-hindi-on-tamil-nadu/articleshow/95785210.cms |access-date=2024-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-01-30 |title=Self-immolation entwined in Dravidian movement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/self-immolation-entwined-in-dravidian-movement/articleshow/4049348.cms |access-date=2024-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== China and Tibet ===
As of June 2022, there had been 161 confirmed [[Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China|self-immolations in Tibet]] and ten others made in solidarity outside of Tibet.<ref name="Simon"> Marie Simon, interview of Katia Buffetrille {{cite web| url = https://www.thetibetpost.com/outlook/commentary/self-immolations-of-tibet-and-the-deafening-silence-of-the-international-community | title = Self-Immolations of Tibet and the deafening silence of the International Community }}{{cite web| url = https://www.lexpress.fr/monde/asie/immolations-se-sacrifier-par-le-feu-pour-que-le-tibet-reste-tibetain_1099223.html | title = Se sacrifier par le feu pour que le Tibet reste tibétain }} first published 29 March 2012 </ref><ref name="innertrot">{{cite news|author1=Free Tibet|title=Tibetan Monk Dies After Self-Immolating in Eastern Tibet|url=https://freetibet.org/news-media/na/tibetan-monk-dies-after-self-immolating-eastern-tibet|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/tibetan-dies-after-self-immolation-reports-say/ | publisher=Fox News| title=Tibetan dies after self-immolation, reports say | date=21 July 2013}}</ref> The [[14th Dalai Lama]] placed the blame on "[[cultural genocide]]" by the [[Chinese people|Chinese]].<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE81J06B20120220|title=Teenage Tibetan monk self-immolates, dies: rights group |agency=Reuters|date=19 February 2012 |access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> The Chinese government blamed the Dalai Lama and his supporters for inciting these acts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/9139760/Teenage-monk-sets-himself-on-fire-on-53rd-anniversary-of-failed-Tibetan-uprising.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/9139760/Teenage-monk-sets-himself-on-fire-on-53rd-anniversary-of-failed-Tibetan-uprising.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Teenage monk sets himself on fire on 53rd anniversary of failed Tibetan uprising |work=The Telegraph|date=13 March 2012 |access-date=29 March 2012 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Several Tibetan scholars criticized the Dalai Lama for not speaking more strongly against self-immolations. In 2013, the Dalai Lama questioned the effectiveness of self-immolations but said they are caused by Beijing. The United States called on both sides to moderate their stance.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/10117850/Dalai-Lama-doubts-effect-of-Tibetan-self-immolations.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/tibet/10117850/Dalai-Lama-doubts-effect-of-Tibetan-self-immolations.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Dalai Lama doubts effect of Tibetan self-immolations | date=13 June 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== Arab Spring ===
A wave of self-immolation suicides occurred in conjunction with the [[Arab Spring]] protests in the [[MENA region|Middle East and North Africa]], with at least 14 recorded incidents. The [[2010–2011 Tunisian revolution]] was sparked by the self-immolation of [[Mohamed Bouazizi]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lageman |first1=Thessa |title=Remembering Mohamed Bouazizi: The man who sparked the Arab Spring |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/12/17/remembering-mohamed-bouazizi-his-death-triggered-the-arab |publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref> Other cases followed during the [[2011 Algerian self-immolations|2011 Algerian protests]] and the [[2011 Egyptian revolution]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/self-immolation-spreads-across-mideast-inspiring-protest|title=Self-immolation spreads across Mideast inspiring protest|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com|date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=17 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hogg_5xSMcj4xPppcXbCrFlycHBw?docId=CNG.e943001219a6d9ad02686ab0695962cb.431|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125022309/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hogg_5xSMcj4xPppcXbCrFlycHBw?docId=CNG.e943001219a6d9ad02686ab0695962cb.431|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2011|title=Second Algerian dies from self-immolation: official|accessdate=17 March 2023}}</ref>

=== United States and the Gaza war ===
[[File:73.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024 (53561768103).jpg|thumb|A vigil to [[Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell|Aaron Bushnell]] held outside of the Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C.]]

On 1 December 2023, a protester self-immolated in front of the Israeli consulate in [[Atlanta]] while draped in a [[Palestinian flag]] in response to the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fiallo |first=Josh |date=2023-12-01 |title=Pro-Palestine Protester Sets Herself Ablaze Outside Atlanta Consulate |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/pro-palestine-protester-sets-herself-ablaze-outside-israeli-consulate-in-atlanta |access-date=2024-01-13 |work=The Daily Beast |language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

On 25 February 2024, [[Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell|Aaron Bushnell]],<ref name="aaronbushnell2">{{cite web |last1=Gannon |first1=Casey |last2=Hansler |first2=Jennifer |last3=Rose |first3=Rashard |date=26 February 2024 |title=US airman dies after setting himself on fire outside Israeli Embassy in Washington |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/25/politics/man-sets-himself-on-fire-israeli-embassy-washington-dc/index.html |access-date=26 February 2024 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> an active-duty U.S. Air Force service member, self-immolated outside the [[Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.|Israeli Embassy]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], in protest against the [[United States support for Israel in the Gaza war|United States' ongoing support for Israel]]. He lit himself on fire while shouting "Free [[Palestine]]".<ref name="gazagenocide2">{{cite web |last=Kavi |first=Aishvarya |date=25 February 2024 |title=Man Dies After Setting Himself on Fire Outside Israeli Embassy in Washington, Police Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/middleeast/israel-embassy-man-on-fire.html |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Nick |date=2024-02-25 |title=Man sets himself on fire outside Israeli Embassy in DC |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/4488151-man-sets-himself-on-fire-outside-israeli-embassy-in-dc/ |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> It was filmed and livestreamed on [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Nieto |first=Phillip |date=25 February 2024 |title=Air Force Service Member Sets Himself on Fire Outside Israeli Embassy |url=https://www.mediaite.com/news/air-force-service-member-sets-himself-on-fire-outside-israeli-embassy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226033225/https://www.mediaite.com/news/air-force-service-member-sets-himself-on-fire-outside-israeli-embassy/ |archive-date=26 February 2024 |access-date=26 February 2024 |work=[[Mediaite]]}}</ref> Bushnell died of his injuries on 26 February.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Geoghegan |first1=Tom |last2=Epstein |first2=Kayla |date=26 February 2024 |title=Aaron Bushnell: US airman dies after setting himself on fire outside Israeli embassy in Washington |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-68405119 |access-date=26 February 2024 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

On 11 September 2024, a man named Matt Nelson self-immolated outside the Israeli consulate and the Four Seasons hotel in [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]], in protest of the [[United States support for Israel in the Gaza war|United States' ongoing support for Israel]]. He recorded a video urging the United States government to stop sending weapons to Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-14 |title='We Are All Culpable': Matt Nelson Self-Immolates To Protest Israel's Gaza Onslaught{{!}} Countercurrents |url=https://countercurrents.org/2024/09/we-are-all-culpable-matt-nelson-self-immolates-to-protest-israels-gaza-onslaught/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=countercurrents.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 5 October 2024, a photojournalist named Samuel Mena Jr. attempted to self-immolate in front of the [[White House]] in Washington, D.C., at a pro-Palestinian protest. He survived with burn injuries to his arm and was taken to a hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-05 |title=Arizona man sets himself on fire during pro-Palestinian protest |url=https://www.12news.com/article/news/local/valley/arizona-man-sets-himself-on-fire-washington-dc-pro-palestinian-protest-samuel-mena-jr/75-87df9da5-adf9-4739-920a-b88b756565b0?ref=exit-recirc |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=12news.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Garden19.jpg|thumb|Stones placed in memory of [[Plamen Goranov]] at the site of his self-immolation in front of Varna’s municipal building{{snd}}a spontaneous citizen memorial symbolizing public grief and protest]]

=== 2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet ===

On 20 February 2013, Bulgarian protester [[Plamen Goranov]] set himself on fire in front of the municipal building in [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]] during [[2013 Bulgarian protests against the first Borisov cabinet|nationwide protests against government corruption and monopolies]]. Goranov, a photographer and mountaineer, was protesting the alleged ties between organized crime and local authorities, specifically targeting Varna’s mayor [[Kiril Yordanov]], associated with the [[TIM (Bulgaria)|TIM business group]]. He sustained burns over 80% of his body and died on 3 March 2013, Bulgaria’s national Liberation Day.

Goranov's self-immolation became a symbol of the 2013 Bulgarian protests, galvanizing public outrage and contributing to the resignations of both the Varna mayor and the national government. He was widely compared to Jan Palach and Mohamed Bouazizi, whose self-immolations marked major protest movements in Czechoslovakia and Tunisia, respectively.

Public tributes followed his death, including vigils and spontaneous memorials. A symbolic mound of stones, adorned with flowers and the Bulgarian flag, was placed at the site of his protest—seen both as a reference to his mountaineering background and as an allusion to Ivan Vazov’s poem ''Gramada'', a metaphor for collective moral protest.

On 25 October 2024, eleven years after his death, an official memorial plaque was installed in front of the Varna municipal building to honor his memory.

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Sati (practice)]]
* ''[[Anumarana]]''
* [[Jauhar]]
* [[Altruistic suicide]]

Other cases of self-immolation:
* [[Charles R. Moore (minister)|Charles R. Moore]]
* [[David Buckel]]
* [[Self-immolation of George Winne Jr.|George Winne Jr.]]
* [[Homa Darabi]]
* [[Irina Slavina (journalist)|Irina Slavina]]
* [[Jeon Tae-il]]
* [[Malachi Ritscher]]
* [[Nizar Issaoui]]
* [[Piotr Szczęsny]]
* [[Roger Allen LaPorte]]
* [[Death of Sahar Khodayari|Sahar Khodayari]]
* [[Tsewang Norbu]]
* [[Self-immolation of Wynn Bruce|Wynn Bruce]]
* [[Albert Razin]]
* [[Peter Tyrrell]]
* [[Aaron Bushnell]]
{{end div col}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* King, Sallie B. (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1390328 "They Who Burned Themselves for Peace: Quaker and Buddhist Self-Immolators during the Vietnam War"], ''Buddhist-Christian Studies'' 20, 127–150 {{Subscription }}
* Kovan, Martin (2013). [http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2013/12/Kovan-Thresholds-PartOne3.pdf "Thresholds of Transcendence: Buddhist Self-immolation and Mahāyānist Absolute Altruism", Part One]. ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics'' 20, 775–812
* Kovan, Martin (2014). [http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2014/01/Kovan-Thresholds2-final.pdf "Thresholds of Transcendence: Buddhist Self-immolation and Mahāyānist Absolute Altruism", Part Two]. ''Journal of Buddhist Ethics'' 21, 384–430
* Patler, Nicholas. [http://quakertheology.org/Morrison-Patler-Remembering-Norman.pdf Norman's Triumph: the Transcendent Language of Self-Immolation] Quaker History, Fall 2015, 18–39.

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://thespeakernewsjournal.com/blogs/the-self-immolators-ebook/ "The Self Immolators". A chronological list (free pdf book form) containing the biographies and last statements of all known self immolators since Thich Quang Duc in 1963]
{{Suicide navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Self-Immolation}}
[[Category:Fire in culture]]
[[Category:Protest tactics]]
[[Category:Religious rituals]]
[[Category:Suicide by self-immolation| ]]
[[Category:Human sacrifice]]
[[Category:Traditions involving fire]]

Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham (2022 film)

2026-05-06T20:56:32Z

Ajaymodi01: made a biography.

{{Short description|2022 romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham
| image = Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Raghav Mirdath
| writer = Raghav Mirdath
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Kaushik Ram
*[[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)|Anjali Nair]]
*[[Heroshini Komali|Heroshini Kumar]]
}}
| cinematography = Gopi Jagadeeswaran
| editing = [[Leo John Paul]]
| music = Hari S R
| studio = Aram Productions
| distributor = Vsquare Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|10|28}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham''''' ({{Translation|Among seasons, she is spring}}) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by Raghav Mirdath. The film stars Kaushik Ram, [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)|Anjali Nair]], and [[Heroshini Komali|Heroshini Kumar]]. The film released on 28 October 2022.

== Plot ==
The film begins with Shyam standing outside Anuradha's hostel. Seeing him wait for her in the rain, she falls for him, and she gives him her phone number. The next day, Shyam's father's friend came with his daughter Radhe. Shyam is about to message Anuradha on [[WhatsApp]] at the same time that Radhe starts talking to him, and she says she wants to marry him. Shyam is confused, but he agrees to marry her. Shyam meets Radhe in a restaurant, and he gives her a greeting card, but on the card he has written Anuradha's name. Though she finds that, she marries him. Shyam and Radhe understand each other, and they are happy. Everything goes well until Radhe finds his diary. Shyam is a filmy guy who has fantasies and romantic desires that he has seen in movies. He also has a diary, which is a to-do list about his romantic desires. Radhe finds that he uses the same theory for every girl with whom he has a romantic interest. Radhe asks him not to be a filmy guy and to stay in normal life, and because of her advice, he starts hating her. In the meantime, Anuradha is also searching for Shyam. What happens after this forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Kaushik Ram as Shyam
*[[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)|Anjali Nair]] as Radhe, Shyam's wife
*[[Heroshini Komali|Heroshini Kumar]] as Anuradha, Shyam's ex-lover
*[[RJ Vigneshkanth]] as Ekalaivan, Shyam's friend
*[[Swaminathan]] as Shyam's boss
*Mathew Varghese as Shyam's father
*Jaya Swaminathan as Shyam's mother
*Manikandan as Radhe's father
*Payal Manikandan as Radhe's mother
*Anitha Sampath as Preethi, Shyam's friend
*Tharun Prabhakar as Shyam's friend
*Arun as Pub owner
*VJ Rajiv as Radhe's friend
*[[Soundariya Nanjundan]] as Shalini
}}

== Production ==
Producer [[C. V. Kumar]] of [[Thirukumaran Entertainment]] announced the film in December 2021, revealing that Raghav Mirdath would debut as a director and Kaushik Ram would appear as the lead actor. Kaushik Ram had previously worked as a model and trained as a theatre actor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=Kaushik Ram to make his Tamil debut in CV Kumar's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kaushik-ram-to-make-his-tamil-debut-in-cv-kumars-film/articleshow/88259771.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028142307/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kaushik-ram-to-make-his-tamil-debut-in-cv-kumars-film/articleshow/88259771.cms |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Anjali Nair (actress, born 1995)|Anjali Nair]], who had earlier played the lead role in ''[[Nedunalvaadai]]'' (2019) and ''[[Taanakkaran]]'' (2022), was cast in the lead female role.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title=CV Kumar's Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham goes on floors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cv-kumars-kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-goes-on-floors/articleshow/88705805.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028150528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cv-kumars-kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-goes-on-floors/articleshow/88705805.cms |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Heroshini, who had earlier appeared in Telugu shows, was also cast in a further lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajaraman |first=Kaushik |date=2022-10-28 |title='Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham will enthral the audience' |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/10/28/kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-will-enthral-the-audience |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028051926/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/10/28/kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-will-enthral-the-audience |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=[[DT Next]]}}</ref>

The film's title was taken from a song in the film, ''[[Paava Mannippu]]'' (1961).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vallavan |first=Prashanth |date=27 October 2022 |title=The season of love |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/oct/27/the-season-of-love-2511995.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108122551/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/oct/27/the-season-of-love-2511995.html |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> During the making of the film, C. V. Kumar opted out of the project, and Aram Entertainment took over as producers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vallavan |first=Prashanth |date=26 October 2022 |title=Raghav Mirdath: Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham is about a man learning what love means to him |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/oct/26/raghav-mirdath-kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-is-about-a-man-learning-what-love-means-to-him-36009.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028142309/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2022/oct/26/raghav-mirdath-kaalangalil-aval-vasantham-is-about-a-man-learning-what-love-means-to-him-36009.html |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 28 October 2022 across Tamil Nadu. A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' gave the film a positive review, noting that it was a pleasant watch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=காலங்களில் அவள் வசந்தம் - விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3219/Kaalangalil-aval-vasantham/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028142308/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3219/Kaalangalil-aval-vasantham/ |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Times of India]]'' gave the film a mixed review, adding that it was an "a decent romantic drama that engages you then and there".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Kaalangalil Aval Vasantham Movie Review: A decent romantic drama that engages you then and there |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaalangalil-aval-vasantham/movie-review/95136125.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028142208/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaalangalil-aval-vasantham/movie-review/95136125.cms |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-28 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|21611284}}

[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Arambagh Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T04:41:42Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Arambagh
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Arambag.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Arambagh Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]
| constituency_no = 200
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = Hemanta Bag
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 207,328
}}

'''Arambagh Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Hooghly district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 200 Arambagh Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Arambagh]] municipality, and Arandi I, Arandi II, Batanal, Gaurhati I, Gaurhati II, Madhabpur, Mayapur I, Mayapur II, Salepur I, Salepur II and Tirol [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Arambagh (community development block)|Arambagh]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 26 July 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Arambagh Assembly constituency (SC) is part of No. 29 [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency]] (SC).<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Madan Mohan Saha
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|Radha Krishna Pal
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]] ''(Arambagh East)''
|-
|Radha Krishna Pal ''(Arambagh West)''
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bangla Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ajoy Kumar Dey
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Abdul Mannan
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|rowspan="2"|Benode Das
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Binoy Dutta]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Krishna Chandra Santra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Madhusudan Bag]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Hemanta Bag
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hemanta Bag
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,23,000
|percentage = 52.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mita Bag
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 94,041
|percentage = 39.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bithika Pandit
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 11,414
|percentage = 4.84
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sushil Santra
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,296
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hemanta Bag
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,929
|percentage = 0.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Kajallata Kundu
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,589
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,606
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 28,959
|percentage = 12.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,35,875
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = AITC
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14106-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2021-including-ac-56-58/|title = General Elections, India, 2021, to the Legislativer Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission|accessdate=27 January 2026}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Madhusudan Bag]]
|votes = 1,03,108
|percentage = 46.88
|change = {{up}}38.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sujata Mondal
|votes = 95,936
|percentage = 43.62
|change = {{down}}10.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Sakti Mohan Malik]]
|votes = 14,965
|percentage = 6.80
|change = {{down}}28.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,171
|percentage = 1.44
|change = {{down}}0.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bankim Chandra Santra
|votes = 2,780
|percentage = 1.26
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 7,172
|percentage = 3.26
|change = {{down}}15.00
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,19,960
|percentage = 85.38
|change = {{down}}0.42
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha2016>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3469-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-2016/|title = General Elections, India, 2016, to the Legislativer Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission |accessdate=27 January 2026}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Krishna Chandra Santra]]
|votes = 1,07,579
|percentage = 53.87
|change = {{up}}0.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Asit Kumar Malik
|votes = 71,122
|percentage = 35.61
|change = {{down}}7.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Murari Bera
|votes = 17,261
|percentage = 8.64
|change = {{up}}4.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,748
|percentage = 1.88
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 36,457
|percentage = 18.26
|change = {{up}}7.61
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,99,710
|percentage = 85.80
|change = {{down}}2.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3195-west-bengal-2011/|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislativer Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission|accessdate=27 January 2026}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Krishna Chandra Santra]]
|votes = 98,011
|percentage = 53.37
|change = {{up}}23.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Asit Kumar Malik
|votes = 78,448
|percentage = 42.72
|change = {{down}}19.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sukumar Santra
|votes = 7,194
|percentage = 3.92
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 19,563
|percentage = 10.65
|change = {{down}}21.50
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,83,653
|percentage = 88.37
|change = {{up}}2.97
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3194-west-bengal-2006/|title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislativer Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Binoy Dutta]]
|votes = 1,04,067
|percentage = 62.26
|change = {{down}}16.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Bivabindu Nandi
|votes = 50,324
|percentage = 30.11
|change = {{up}}13.40
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sufal Jana
|votes = 12,757
|percentage = 7.63
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 53,743
|percentage = 32.15
|change = {{down}}30.09
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,67,148
|percentage = 85.40
|change = {{up}}3.26
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3193-west-bengal-2001/|title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Binoy Dutta]]
|votes = 1,27,439
|percentage = 78.95
|change = {{up}}16.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sheikh Hasan Imam
|votes = 26,963
|percentage = 16.71
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Asit Kumar Kundu
|votes = 7,010
|percentage = 4.34
|change = {{down}}0.56
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,00,466
|percentage = 62.24
|change = {{up}}32.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,61,402
|percentage = 82.14
|change = {{down}}2.64
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web|url = https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3192-west-bengal-1996/|title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Binoy Dutta]]
|votes = 91,939
|percentage = 62.43
|change = {{up}}6.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdus Sukur
|votes = 47,839
|percentage = 32.48
|change = {{down}}6.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anath Bandhu Dey
|votes = 7,220
|percentage = 4.90
|change = {{up}}1.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sadananda Pal
|votes = 274
|percentage = 0.19
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 44,100
|percentage = 29.95
|change = {{up}}13.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,47,272
|percentage = 84.78
|change = {{up}}3.63
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web|url = https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3191-west-bengal-1991/|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Benode Das
|votes = 71,681
|percentage = 56.02
|change = {{up}}1.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jalim Singha Roy
|votes = 50,404
|percentage = 39.39
|change = {{down}}4.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prafulla Kumar Mukherjee
|votes = 4,688
|percentage = 3.66
|change = {{up}}2.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sourish Ghosh
|votes = 1,181
|percentage = 0.92
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 21,277
|percentage = 16.63
|change = {{up}}5.42
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,27,954
|percentage = 81.15
|change = {{down}}1.20
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1987===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3190-west-bengal-1987/|title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Benode Das
|votes = 60,097
|percentage = 54.80
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdul Mannan
|votes = 47,799
|percentage = 43.54
|change = {{down}}4.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Madan Haider
|votes = 1,244
|percentage = 1.13
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sheikh Mohammad Jikria
|votes = 326
|percentage = 0.30
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nikunja Jana
|votes = 308
|percentage = 0.28
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,298
|percentage = 11.21
|change = {{up}}8.17
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,09,774
|percentage = 82.35
|change = {{up}}4.81
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1982===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3189-west-bengal-1982/|title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdul Mannan
|votes = 42,668
|percentage = 48.07
|change = {{up}}32.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ranjit Chakarborty
|votes = 39,925
|percentage = 44.98
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Ajoy Kumar Dey
|votes = 6,174
|percentage = 6.96
|change = {{down}}50.78
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 2,743
|percentage = 3.09
|change = {{down}}28.95
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 88,767
|percentage = 77.54
|change = {{up}}19.19
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Arambagh<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3188-west-bengal-1977/|title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = Ajoy Kumar Dey
|votes = 31,304
|percentage = 57.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Madan Mohan Saha
|votes = 13,935
|percentage = 25.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abdul Mannan
|votes = 8,440
|percentage = 15.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sheikh Shahabuddin Ahmed
|votes = 539
|percentage = 0.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,369
|percentage = 32.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 54,218
|percentage = 58.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1951-1972===
[[Prafulla Chandra Sen]] won the Arambagh seat in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3187-west-bengal-1972/|title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3186-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1971/|title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3185-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1969/|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> In a historic contest in 1967<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3184-west-bengal-1967/|title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Prafulla Chandra Sen, then the Congress Chief Minister, lost the Arambagh seat to [[Ajoy Mukherjee|Ajay Kumar Mukherjee]] of [[Bangla Congress]], who became the new Chief Minister, in the first [[United Front (1967)|United Front]] government in the state. The main factor of Sen's defeat was student agitation there. Students under the leadership of Narayan Ch Ghosh had organised farmers, poor people and the middle class against Sen. In [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3183-west-bengal-1962/|title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Arambagh had two seats. Prafulla Chandra Sen of Congress won the Arambagh East seat and Radha Krishna Pal of Congress won the Arambagh West seat. In [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3182-west-bengal-1957/|title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Radha Krishna Pal of Congress won the Arambagh seat. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first general election in 1951]],<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3181-west-bengal-general-legislative-election-1951/|title = General Elections, India, 1952, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Arambagh had twin seats. These were won by Madan Mohan Saha of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and Radha Krishna Pal, Independent.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hooghly topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Hooghly district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Directorate of Forensic Science Services

2026-04-27T14:06:12Z

Ajaymodi01: Stub

{{Short description|Forensics institute of the Government of India}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
The '''Directorate of Forensic Science Services''' is a government body under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]], responsible for providing advanced [[forensic science]] services to law enforcement agencies and the criminal justice system across the country. Established to strengthen forensic infrastructure and promote scientific investigation, the DFSS oversees a network of Central Forensic Science Laboratories (CFSLs) located across major cities.<references group="http://www.Dileepparvatgoswsmi.com/india/report-rajnath-singh-lays-foundation-of-central-forensic-science-laboratory-in-guwahati-2039593{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" /> It supports the application of modern forensic techniques in crime detection, evidence analysis, and judicial processes.<ref>{{cite book |title=Criminal Justice India Series, Vol. 8 |editor-last=Menon |editor-first=N. R. Madhava |year=2003 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=81-7764-490-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ze5yedbjkg8C&dq=%22Central+Forensic+Science+Laboratory%22&pg=PA141|page=141 }}</ref>

==Locations==
There are seven central forensic [[laboratory|laboratories]] in India, at [[Hyderabad|Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata|Kolkata]], [[Chandigarh]], [[New Delhi|New Delhi]], [[Guwahati]], [[Bhopal]] and [[Pune|Pune]]. An
eighth central forensic [[laboratory|laboratory]] is currently under construction in India, at [[Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh|Amaravati]].

[[CFSL Hyderabad]] is a centre of excellence in [[chemical sciences]], CFSL Kolkata (the oldest laboratory in India) in [[biological sciences]], and CFSL Chandigarh in [[physical sciences]]. The CFSL New Delhi comes under the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]], Delhi, whereas the other laboratories are under the control of the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (DFSS) of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The laboratory in New Delhi is under the control of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) which investigates cases on its behalf. Dr. Asha Srivastava is currently the Director of CFSL (CBI) New Delhi. Mr. Mithilesh Jha an alumnus of the Delhi Campus of National Forensic Sciences University (Formerly LNJN-NICFS) is working as a Senior Scientific Officer and HOD of the Serology division of CFSL (CBI), Delhi. Mr. Brijendra Badonia is the Director of CFSL Kolkata, Sh Mahesh Chandra Joshi is the Director of CFSL Hyderabad and Dr. S.K. Jain is in charge of CFSL Chandigarh.

==See also==
*[[National Forensic Sciences University]]
*[[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dfs.nic.in/ Directorate Of Forensic Science (DFS), Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030316041653/http://cbi.nic.in/cfsl/about.htm CFSL, Delhi] at ''CBI'' website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155637/http://dfs.gov.in/laboratorycfslkolkata.htm CFSL, Kolkata, website]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Forensics organizations]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Medical and health government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Organizations with year of establishment missing]]

{{forensics-stub}}
{{India-gov-stub}}

Sri Ramkrishna Ashrama, Nimpith

2026-04-27T03:14:15Z

Ajaymodi01: put up entry

{{Short description|Indian non-governmental organization}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=April 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Sri Ramkrishna Ashrama
| pronunciation =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nickname =
| named_after =
| image = Nimpith Ramkrishna Ashram.jpg
| image_size = 300px
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| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1960}}
| founder =
| founding_location =
| extinction = 
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| type =
| tax_id = 
| registration_id = 
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| location = [[Nimpith]], [[Jaynagar Majilpur]], [[South 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22.157097|N|88.440246|E|region:LK_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
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| website = {{URL|http://www.nimpithrkashram.org}}
| remarks =
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}}

'''Sri Ramkrishna Ashrama''' is a Non-Governmental Organization, started by Swami Buddhanandaji in 1960. Though the Ashram is not a Branch of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math, but it follows the same ideals and ideologies. It is a member centre of South 24 Paraganas Ramakrishna Vivekananda Bhava Prachar Parishad of [[Belur Math]], and follows their guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://belurmath.org/bhava-prachar-parishads/|title=Bhava Prachar Parishad, Ramakrishna Mission|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref> The Ashrama is situated at [[Nimpith]] in [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] of [[South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ebela.in/travel/weekend-trips/day-tour-to-nimpith-and-matla-river-dgtl-1.905901|title=কলকাতা থেকে মাত্র দেড় ঘণ্টায় সুন্দরবনের গন্ধ|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> The Ashrama has 3 branch centres at Kaikhali, [[Jhargram]] and [[Bardhaman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nimpithrkashram.org/branch.htm/|title=Branches of Sri Ramkrishna Ashram, Nimpith |last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>

==History==
In 1960, Swami Buddhanandaji Maharaj, a monk of the [[Ramakrishna Mission]], set up this Ashram in [[Nimpith]] of [[Jaynagar Majilpur]] to serve the remote areas of [[South 24 Parganas district]]. It was constructed with the co-operation from the then Hon’ble [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], Dr. [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rakvknimpith.org.in/Nimpith-Ashram.pdf|title=The Role of Sri Ramkrishna Ashram, Nimpith in the Socio-economic Development of Sundarbans|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> People in [[Sundarbans]] had been suffered from poverty, illiteracy, superstitions and unemployment. The Ashram work rural developments to tackle people’s problems, established schools, island service centre, health centre and plan to bring in gradual self-reliance through agricultural research etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/state-teams-up-with-unesco-for-rural-training-programme-341150|title=State teams up with UNESCO for rural training programme|last=|first=|date=17 February 2019|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> Ramakrishna Vidyabhavan and Nimpith Sarada Vidyamandir are running under the Ashrama in [[Nimpith]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nimpithrkashram.org/history.htm|title=Sri Ramkrishna Ashram, Nimpith|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref>

==Ramakrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra==
To work for the downtrodden people of [[Nimpith]] and surrounding villages, Swami Buddhananda started the Ramakrishna Ashram [[Krishi Vigyan Kendra]], through the help of [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR), [[New Delhi]], in the year 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icar.org.in/content/krishi-vigyan-kendras-west-bengal|title=Krishi Vigyan Kendras in West Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rakvknimpith.org.in/|title=Sri Ramakrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendras}}</ref>

The Ramakrishna Ashram Krishi Vigyan Kendra organized digital payment awareness camp for the farmers on 12 January 2017, [[National Youth Day (India)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kvk.icar.gov.in/past_image_video.aspx?eventid=5416d769-eb1d-4b6c-bd60-b87e9dfbb423|title=Digital payments awareness on National Youth Day|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ramakrishna Mission]]
[[Category:Schools in South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Education in Jaynagar Majilpur]]
[[Category:Schools affiliated with the Ramakrishna Mission]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hindu monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]

Bayilvan Ranganathan

2026-04-18T17:50:57Z

Ajaymodi01: stub

{{Short description|Indian comedian and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox actor
| name = Bayilvan Ranganathan
| image = Bayilvan Ranganathan, September 2020.jpg
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|3|19}}
| birth_place = [[Thoothukudi district|Siruthondainallor]], [[Province of Madras]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| children =
| years_active = 1973-present
| genre =
| website =
}}
'''Bayilvan Ranganathan''' (born 19 March 1944) is an Indian actor, comedian, YouTuber, journalist and social media influencer who predominantly featured in comedy and villainous negative shade roles in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films.

== Biography ==
Bayilvan was born on 19 March 1944 in Siruthondainallor of [[Thoothukudi district]], [[Province of Madras]] (now [[Tamil Nadu]]).

He was nicknamed as Bayilvan by former actor and chief minister of Tamil Nadu [[M. G. Ramachandran]] indicating his body posture, bodyweight and bulk physique.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2022 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் கொடுத்த பட்டம்.. யார் இந்த "பயில்வான்" ரங்கநாதன்? போலீசாக விரும்பியவர் இப்படி பேசலாமா சார்? |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/who-is-bayilvan-ranganathan-press-reporter-to-actor-468950.html |website=[[Oneindia]] |language=ta}}</ref> Since then it had become his stage name and later Bayilvan became an adjective to his original name.

== Career ==
He was interested in the aspect of [[weightlifting]] from his younger days and his notable achievement by winning Mr. Chennai title as a youngster spoke volume about his knack of engaging in weightlifting in a passionate manner. He eventually expected to enroll himself in Police Service as a constable which was his initial dream career and he worked towards achieving his dream job by completing his primary and secondary education as well as tertiary education at [[Thoothukudi]].<ref name=":0" />

However, he shelved his plans of becoming a police constable and ventured into journalism and eventually kickstarted his career as a newspaper editor.<ref name=":0" /> He eventually started writing critic review for films in newspaper articles and his first article review for a film came way back in 1973 when [[K. Balachander]]'s directorial venture [[Arangetram (1973 film)|''Arangetram'']] had its theatrical release all across Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0" /> He then plied his trade as a henchman and sidekick to main villains acting in minor roles often portraying himself in negative shades. He made his film acting debut in [[K. Bhagyaraj]]'s directorial ''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]'' (1983).<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2020 |title='வாத்தியார்', 'பரிமளம்', 'தீபா டீச்சர்', 'பொய்சத்தியம்', 'முருங்கைக்காய்' ; - ரசிக மனங்களில் முடிச்சு போட்ட 'முந்தானை முடிச்சு'; 'முந்தானை முடிச்சு' வெளியாகி 37 ஆண்டுகள் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/565854-37-years-of-mundhanai-mudichu.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007194408/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/565854-37-years-of-mundhanai-mudichu.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2023-02-14 |title=நடிகைகள் குறித்து ஆபாச கருத்து 'ஆமா நாறடிப்பேன்; நீங்க யோக்கியமா' பயில்வான்-ஷகிலா மோதல்! |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/bayilvan-ranganathan-shakila-interview-899273 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> It was through his exposure as a film critic at newspaper press that fetched him film acting opportunities and hence he shifted his career trajectory to acting.

He collaborated with [[Vadivelu]] in many of his films and one of the notable comedy sequences pairing both Vadivelu and Bayilvan Ranganathan came in ''[[Nesam Pudhusu]]'' (1999), where Vadivelu makes a phone call to Bayilvan to ask for money as a compensation and as a favour for having lifted Bayilvan's sister [[Kovai Sarala]] all the way to his house. His role as a bus ticket inspector in ''[[Vetri Kodi Kattu]]'' (2000) garnered him popularity despite making only a brief appearance in a special appearance.

Ranganathan lately ventured into YouTube where he makes revelations about the interesting things which he witnessed during film shooting schedules at shooting spots and sets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2022 |title=Police Complaint Against Bayilvan Ranganathan For Slandering Tamil Actors. Know More |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/police-complaint-against-bayilvan-ranganathan-for-slandering-tamil-actors-know-more-5147377.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511185831/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/police-complaint-against-bayilvan-ranganathan-for-slandering-tamil-actors-know-more-5147377.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=What Controversial Actor Bayilvan Ranganathan Said About Drinking Habits Of Rajinikanth And Kamal Haasan |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/what-controversial-actor-bayilvan-ranganathan-said-about-drinking-habits-of-rajinikanth-and-kamal-haasan-8752835.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205100721/https://www.news18.com/movies/what-controversial-actor-bayilvan-ranganathan-said-about-drinking-habits-of-rajinikanth-and-kamal-haasan-8752835.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He also has been involved with sharing stories about the personal stories of film actors and actresses of Tamil cinema in his official YouTube handle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayilvan Ranganathan:அடுத்தவங்கள காயப்படுத்தி காசு, இதெல்லாம் ஒரு பொழப்பு: பயில்வானை விளாசிய கலா மாஸ்டர் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/kala-master-slams-bayilvan-ranganathan-for-criticising-celebs-personal-lives/articleshow/93470448.cms |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayilvan Ranganathan: ஆஸ்திரேலிய தொழிலதிபருடன் அடுக்குமாடியில் கும்மாளம் போட்ட பாலாவின் முன்னாள் மனைவி... பகீர் கிளப்பும் பயில்வான்! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/director-balas-ex-wife-connection-with-australian-business-man/articleshow/94471364.cms |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Samayam Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927073206/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/director-balas-ex-wife-connection-with-australian-business-man/articleshow/94471364.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Marimuthu |title=Bayilvan: நடிகை மீனா காதலித்த நபர்.. நடிகையின் பின்னழகை பதம்பார்த்த நடிகர் - பயில்வான் ரங்கநாதன் பகீர் பேட்டி |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bayilvan-ranganathan-talked-about-actress-meena-love-story-and-one-actor-attacked-the-backsside-of-actress-131725268729097.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Bayilvan Ranganathan Gets Backlash After His Controversial Comment On Dhanush |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bayilvan-ranganathan-gets-backlash-after-his-controversial-comment-on-dhanush-7348873.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 September 2021 |title='Non sexual harassment': Oviyaa calls out actor Bayilvan Ranganathan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/oviyaa-mocks-a-youtube-channel-video-made-by-bayilvan-ranganathan-heres-why/articleshow/86222802.cms |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929002036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/oviyaa-mocks-a-youtube-channel-video-made-by-bayilvan-ranganathan-heres-why/articleshow/86222802.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=அவ'லாம் விளங்கவே மாட்டா!! மகள் குறித்து பேசும் போது கடுப்பான பயில்வான் - தமிழ்நாடு |url=https://ibctamilnadu.com/article/bayilvan-responds-to-shakeela-allegations-1715327684 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=IBC Tamilnadu |language=ta}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
He was interviewed by Malayalam actress [[Shakeela]], where Shakeela was asking questions about why Bayilvan had been sharing and spreading gossips about actors and actresses of Tamil cinema through his official YouTube channel.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=எங்கள பத்தி பேசுறீங்க - உங்க பொண்ணே ஒரு பொண்ண தான் லவ் பண்றாங்க ! அசிங்கப்படுத்திய ஷகீலா - தமிழ்நாடு |url=https://ibctamilnadu.com/article/shakeela-slams-bayilvan-ranganathan-in-a-tv-show-1714971108 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=IBC Tamilnadu |language=ta}}</ref> Bayilvan claimed that he wanted the general audience to know the actual reality and he highlighted that his content was developed based on the gossip seeking mindset of general public.<ref name=":1" /> Shakeela queried on why Bayilvan was irked about the glamour and dressing sense of female actresses and in response, Bayilvan insisted that he only told what was happening in reality via his YouTube channel by referring to an example of actress [[Rashmika Mandanna]]'s dressing patterns when attending celebrity events.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Marimuthu |title=Bayilvan - 27 முறை நடிகையை ரசித்து சுவைத்த முன்னணி நடிகர் - புயலை கிளப்பும் பயில்வான் ரங்கநாதன்! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/an-interview-with-bayilvan-ranganathan-who-talked-about-the-leading-actor-who-enjoyed-the-actress-27-times-131724567946930.html |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta |archive-date=25 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240825185104/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/an-interview-with-bayilvan-ranganathan-who-talked-about-the-leading-actor-who-enjoyed-the-actress-27-times-131724567946930.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhilan |date=23 September 2024 |title=சில்க் ஸ்மிதா வாழ்க்கை கொடுத்தது நான்தான்.. எனக்கும் 'அந்த' வாய்ப்பு கிடைத்தது.. |url=https://cinereporters.com/cinema-history-2/silk-smitha-life-story-given-my-me-bayilvan-ranganathan-speaks-38117 |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=cinereporters.com |language=ta}}</ref>

He was the main subject and centre of attention in the infamous Suchi Leaks where popular singer and actress [[Suchithra]] lashed out against him for his derogatory remarks about film celebrities especially indicating his publicity stunt and cheap tactics to milk views for his YouTube videos.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 June 2022 |title=Alya Manasa slams Bayilvan Ranganathan for his remarks on singer Suchithra; says, "Who doesn't have personal relationships?' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/alya-manasa-slams-bayilvan-ranganathan-for-his-remarks-on-singer-suchithra-says-who-doesnt-have-personal-relationships/articleshow/92077196.cms |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609221259/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/alya-manasa-slams-bayilvan-ranganathan-for-his-remarks-on-singer-suchithra-says-who-doesnt-have-personal-relationships/articleshow/92077196.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PA |first=Aneesa |date=21 May 2024 |title=Suchitra got her singing career through 'Brahmin-Brahmin' connection. It's not 'cute' |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/suchitra-got-her-singing-career-through-brahmin-brahmin-connection-its-not-cute/2094509/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521080141/https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/suchitra-got-her-singing-career-through-brahmin-brahmin-connection-its-not-cute/2094509/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Singer Suchithra lodges complaint against Bayilvan Ranganathan and makes allegations on Dhanush! - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/singer-suchithra-police-complaint-against-bayilvan-ranganathan-gossip-tamil-news-317039 |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210130128/https://www.indiaglitz.com/singer-suchithra-police-complaint-against-bayilvan-ranganathan-gossip-tamil-news-317039 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Kilinjalgal]]'' (1981)
*''[[Auto Raja (1982 film)|Auto Raja]]'' (1982)
*''[[Azhagiya Kanne]]'' (1982)
*''[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]'' (1983)
*''[[Thai Veedu]]'' (1983)
*''[[24 Mani Neram]]'' (1984)
*''[[Padikkadha Pannaiyar]]'' (1985)
*''[[Veerapandiyan]]'' (1987)
*''[[Enga Chinna Rasa]]'' (1987)
*''[[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]]'' (1987)
*''[[Aayusu Nooru]]'' (1987)
*''[[Oorai Therinjikitten]]'' (1988)
*''[[Kathanayagan (1988 film)|Kathanayagan]]'' (1988)
*''[[Thaimel Aanai]]'' (1988)
*''[[Enna Petha Raasa]]'' (1989)
*''[[Thangamani Rangamani]]'' (1989)
*''[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]'' (1990)
*''[[Durga (1990 film)|Durga]]'' (1990)
*''[[Abhirami (1992 film)|Abhirami]]'' (1992)
*''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]'' (1992)
*''[[Pangali]]'' (1992)
*''[[Pokkiri Thambi]]'' (1992)
*''[[Rasukutty]]'' (1992)
*''[[Aavarampoo]]'' (1992)
*''[[Ilavarasan]]'' (1992)
*''[[Thanga Manasukkaran]]'' (1992)
*''[[Suriyan Chandiran]]'' (1993)
*''[[Jaihind (1994 film)|Jaihind]]'' (1994)
*''[[Nila (1994 film)|Nila]]'' (1994)
*''[[Sakthivel]]'' (1994)
*''[[Sevatha Ponnu]]'' (1994)
*''[[Subramaniya Swamy]]'' (1994)
*''[[Thamarai (film)|Thamarai]]'' (1994)
*''[[Vaanga Partner Vaanga]]'' (1994)
*''[[Watchman Vadivel]]'' (1994)
*''[[Aanazhagan]]'' (1995)
*''[[Chinna Mani]]'' (1995)
*''[[Jameen Kottai]]'' (1995)
*''[[Vishnu (1995 film)|Vishnu]]'' (1995)
*''[[Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum]]'' (1995)
*''[[Aasai]]'' (1995)
*''[[Aavathum Pennale Azhivathum Pennale]]'' (1996)
*''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]'' (1996)
*''[[Avvai Shanmugi]]'' (1996)
*''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]'' (1996)
*''[[Vaanmathi]]'' (1996)
*''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' (1997)
*''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' (1997)
*''[[Vasuke]]'' (1997)
*''[[Pagaivan]]'' (1997)
*''[[Thambi Durai]]'' (1997)
*''[[Rathna (film)|Rathna]]'' (1998)
*''[[Dhinamdhorum]]'' (1998)
*''[[Chinna Durai (1999 film)|Chinna Durai]]'' (1999)
*''[[Kudumba Sangili]]'' (1999)
*''[[Nilave Mugam Kaattu]]'' (1999)
*''[[Nesam Pudhusu]]'' (1999)
*''[[Pudhu Kudithanam]]'' (1999)
*''[[Good Luck (2000 film)|Good Luck]]'' (2000)
*''[[Pottu Amman (film)|Pottu Amman]]'' (2000)
*''[[Vetri Kodi Kattu]]'' (2000)
*''[[Krishna Krishna]]'' (2001)
*''[[Looty]]'' (2001)
*''[[Narasimha (2001 film)|Narasimha]]'' (2001)
*''[[Engalukkum Kaalam Varum (2001 film)|Engalukkum Kaalam Varum]]'' (2001)
*''[[Kunguma Pottu Gounder]]'' (2001)
*''[[Pammal K. Sambandam]]'' (2002)
*''[[Thamizhan]]'' (2002) (uncredited)
*''[[Bagavathi]]'' (2002)
*''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' (2002)
*''[[Andipatti Arasampatti]]'' (2002)
*''Shakalaka Baby'' (2002)
*''[[Dum (2003 Tamil film)|Dum]]'' (2003)
*''[[Punnagai Poove]]'' (2003)
*''[[Well Done (2003 film)|Well Done]]'' (2003)
*''[[Indru Mudhal]]'' (2003)
*''[[Saamy]]'' (2003)
*''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]'' (2003)
*''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]'' (2004)
*''[[Arivumani]]'' (2004)
*''[[Campus (film)|Campus]]'' (2004)
*''[[Gambeeram]]'' (2004)
*''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' (2005)
*''[[Jithan]]'' (2005)
*''[[Kundakka Mandakka]]'' (2005)
*''[[Rendu]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kalakkura Chandru]]'' (2007)
*''[[Thiru Ranga]]'' (2007)
*''[[Niram (2007 film)|Niram]]'' (2007)
*''[[Evano Oruvan]]'' (2007)
*''[[Yaaruku Yaaro]]'' (2007)
*''[[Inba (film)|Inba]]'' (2008)
*''[[Kodaikanal (film)|Kodaikanal]]'' (2008)
*''[[Madurai Ponnu Chennai Paiyan]]'' (2008)
*''[[Enga Raasi Nalla Raasi]]'' (2009)
*''[[Guru En Aalu]]'' (2009)
*''[[Kalloori Kalangal]]'' (2010)
*''[[Venghai]]'' (2011)
*''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' (2011)
*''[[Maharaja (2011 film)|Maharaja]]'' (2011)
*''[[Medhai]]'' (2012)
*''[[Aathi Narayana]]'' (2012)
*''[[Thirumathi Thamizh]]'' (2013)
*''[[En Vazhi Thani Vazhi (2015 film)|En Vazhi Thani Vazhi]]'' (2015)
*''[[Killadi]]'' (2015)
*''[[36 Vayadhinile]]'' (2015)
*''[[Sathuran]]'' (2015)
*''[[Sutta Pazham Sudatha Pazham]]'' (2016)
*''[[Bestie (film)|Bestie]]'' (2022)
*''[[Vasco Da Gama (film)|Vasco Da Gama]]'' (2024)
*''[[Brother (2024 film)|Brother]]'' (2024)
*''[[Otha Votu Muthaiya]]'' (2025)
*''[[Others (film)|Others]]'' (2025)
*''[[Devil's Double Next Level]]'' (2025) as himself

{{Colend}}
;Television
*''[[Mama Maaple]]''
*''[[Chinna Papa Periya Papa]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm4101890}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganathan, Bayilvan}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]

Vaddiraju Ravichandra

2026-04-18T11:39:42Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vaddiraju Ravichandra
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| image = Vaddiraju Ravichandra (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 25 May 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Banda Prakash]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana|Telangana]]

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1964|03|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Inugurthy, [[Kesamudram|Kesamudram Mandal]], [[Mahabubabad district]], [[Telangana]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
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| citizenship =
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| parents = Narayana, Venkata Narsamma
| spouse = Vijayalakshmi
| children = Ganga Bhavani, Nikhil Saichandra
}}
'''Vaddiraju Ravichandra''' is an [[Indian politician]]. He is a member of parliament, representing [[Telangana]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] as a member of the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]].<ref name="Vaddiraju Ravichandra unanimously elected as Rajya Sabha member">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1= |title=Vaddiraju Ravichandra unanimously elected as Rajya Sabha member |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-vaddiraju-ravichandra-unanimously-elected-as-rajya-sabha-member |access-date=24 May 2022 |date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524173115/https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-vaddiraju-ravichandra-unanimously-elected-as-rajya-sabha-member |archive-date=24 May 2022}}</ref> Ravichandra, popularly known as Gayatri Ravi, is the Founder Chairman of Gayatri Group, president of Telangana Granite Quarry Owners Association and also the honorary President of the Telangana Munnuru Kapu All Association JAC and the National Union of Backward Castes.

==Personal life==
Vaddiraju Ravichandra was born in Inugurthy village, [[Kesamudram]] mandal, [[Mahabubabad district]] of [[Telangana]] on 22 March 1964 to Narayana and Venkata Narsamma.

==Political life==
Vaddiraju Ravichandra contested [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] as congress candidate from [[Warangal East Assembly constituency]] and he lost the election to Nannapuneni Narender of the TRS. He later Joined TRS party in 2019.<ref name="Granite trader Vaddiraju joins TRS">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Chronicle |title=Granite trader Vaddiraju joins TRS |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070419/granite-trader-vaddiraju-joins-trs.html |accessdate=18 May 2022 |work= |date=7 April 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518124131/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070419/granite-trader-vaddiraju-joins-trs.html |archivedate=18 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Ravichandra has been nominated for the by-election caused by the resignation of TRS member [[Banda Prakash]] on 18 May 2022<ref name="TRS announces three candidates for RS polls">{{cite news |title=TRS announces three candidates for RS polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/trs-announces-three-candidates-for-rs-polls/article65426925.ece |access-date=24 May 2022 |work= |date=18 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524175433/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/trs-announces-three-candidates-for-rs-polls/article65426925.ece |archive-date=24 May 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and was unanimously elected to the Rajya Sabha on 23 May 2022.<ref name="TRS nominee elected uncontested to Rajya Sabha">{{cite news |title=TRS nominee elected uncontested to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/23/mes7-tl-trs-rs-win.html |access-date=24 May 2022 |work= |date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524175955/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2022/05/23/mes7-tl-trs-rs-win.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ravichadra elected unanimous to Rajya Sabha">{{cite news |title=Ravichadra elected unanimous to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ravichadra-elected-unanimous-to-rajya-sabha/article65453842.ece |access-date=24 May 2022 |work= |date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524175947/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/ravichadra-elected-unanimous-to-rajya-sabha/article65453842.ece |archive-date=24 May 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref> His term in the Rajya Sabha was set to end on 2 April 2024.

Vaddiraju Ravichandra's candidature was finalized by BRS President [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] who renominated him to Rajya Sabha for the second time after discussions with senior leaders on 14 February 2024.<ref name="BRS nominates Vaddiraju for RS for second time">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=BRS nominates Vaddiraju for RS for second time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/brs-nominates-vaddiraju-for-rs-for-second-time/article67846566.ece |access-date=14 February 2024 |date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214180017/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/brs-nominates-vaddiraju-for-rs-for-second-time/article67846566.ece |archive-date=14 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He was elected unopposed for the second time<ref name="Renuka Chowdhury, Anil Kumar Yadav, Ravichandra declared elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Renuka Chowdhury, Anil Kumar Yadav, Ravichandra declared elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/renuka-chowdhury-anil-kumar-yadav-ravichandra-declared-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-882844 |access-date=23 June 2024 |work= |date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623134646/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/renuka-chowdhury-anil-kumar-yadav-ravichandra-declared-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-882844 |archive-date=23 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and made as BRS parliamentary party deputy leader in Rajya Sabha on 23 June 2024.<ref name="Vaddiraju Ravichandra is new BRS parliamentary party deputy leader">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1= |title=Vaddiraju Ravichandra is new BRS parliamentary party deputy leader |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vaddiraju-ravichandra-is-new-brs-parliamentary-party-deputy-leader |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623134450/https://telanganatoday.com/vaddiraju-ravichandra-is-new-brs-parliamentary-party-deputy-leader |archive-date=23 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Election History==
===Rajya Sabha===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Position
! colspan="2" |Party
! Constituency
! From
! To
! Tenure
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (1st Term)
| {{Party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="2"|[[Telangana]]
| 25 May 2022
| 2 April 2024
| '''{{ayd|2022|5|25|2024|4|2}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (2nd Term)
| 3 April 2024
| 2 April 2030
| '''{{ayd|2024|4|3}}'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravichandra, Vaddiraju}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Telangana]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Goalpara East Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:25Z

Ajaymodi01: Stub

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Goalpara East
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Lower Assam]]
| district = [[Goalpara District|Goalpara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| electors =
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 14
| map_image = Goalpara East Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
}}
'''Goalpara East Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in the north east state of [[Assam]], [[India]]. Goalpara East is also part of [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Year
! Member
! Party
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|B. K. Ghose
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Balabhadra Das
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
|Birendra Nath Choudhury
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|Mohammad Ali
| rowspan=2 |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Maziruddin Ahmed
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Ratneshwar Das
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Jyotish Das
|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Shadeed Mazumder
|rowspan=2|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Dulal Chandra Ghosh
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}" |
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Monowar Hussain]]
|[[All India United Democratic Front]]
|-
| rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan=2|[[Abul Kalam Rasheed Alam]]<ref name="abhaya ref1">{{cite news |title=Assam Election Results 2021: Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-election-results-2021-check-full-list-of-winners-2426707 |access-date=12 November 2021 |publisher=ndtv.com |date=3 May 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan=2 |[[Indian National Congress]]

|-
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Goalpara East}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Abdur Rashid Mandal]] |party=Raijor Dal |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Abul Kalam Rasheed Alam]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abdur Rahim Zibran
|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |party=None of the above |votes= |candidate=None of the above|percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Goalpara East}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Abul Kalam Rasheed Alam
|votes = 57,374
|percentage = 33.51
|change = +18.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gauranga Prasad Das
|votes = 54,793
|percentage = 32.03
|change = +29.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Shadeed Mazumder
|votes = 27,778
|percentage = 16.22
|change = -10.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Abul Kalam Hussain
|votes = 12,138
|percentage = 7.08
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Elbarth Marak
|votes = 7,172
|percentage = 4.18
|change = +3.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National People's Party (India)
|candidate = Punam Chand Sharma (Lilu)
|votes = 6,710
|percentage = 3.91
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Kofil Uddin Ahmed
|votes = 971
|percentage = 0.56
|change = -0.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Birmal Ray
|votes = 770
|percentage = 0.44
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = BRP
|candidate = Soleman Ali
|votes = 592
|percentage = 0.34
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Naren Sankar Rabha
|votes = 495
|percentage = 0.28
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (A)
|candidate = Mehbubar Rahman
|votes = 483
|percentage = 0.28
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mujaharul Islam
|votes = 447
|percentage = 0.26
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Abdul Hamid
|votes = 420
|percentage = 0.24
|change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,064
|percentage = 0.62
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,581
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,71,207
|percentage = 90.64
|change = +4.71
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,88,875
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing = +14.75
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Goalpara East}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Monowar Hussain
|votes = 36,353
|percentage = 26.78
|change = +6.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Jyotish Das
|votes = 34,511
|percentage = 25.43
|change = +5.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shadeed Mazumder
|votes = 23,580
|percentage = 17.37
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dulal Chandra Ghosh
|votes = 19,898
|percentage = 14.66
|change = -5.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Elbarth Marak
|votes = 13,102
|percentage = 9.65
|change = +3.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mono Mohan Nath
|votes = 3,195
|percentage = 2.35
|change = +1.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Jesmina Islam
|votes = 2,069
|percentage = 1.52
|change = -25.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Arun Das
|votes = 1,662
|percentage = 1.22
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Gole Rahman
|votes = 665
|percentage = 0.48
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Azhar Hussain
|votes = 657
|percentage = 0.48
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,842
|percentage = 1.35
|change = -5.10
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,35,692
|percentage = 85.93
|change = +4.29
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|loser = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing = +15.86
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|
title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2006: Goalpara East}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Dulal Chandra Ghosh
|votes = 34,370
|percentage = 27.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Abul Kalam Hussain
|votes = 26,193
|percentage = 20.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Shadeed Mazumder
|votes = 25,901
|percentage = 20.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Jyotish Das
|votes = 24,803
|percentage = 19.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Elbarth Marak
|votes = 7,572
|percentage = 5.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mokaddes Ali Mondal
|votes = 2,367
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gobinda Kalita
|votes = 1,427
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Husnejeha Begum
|votes = 1,323
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AGP(P)
|candidate = Kalyan Kumar Das
|votes = 850
|percentage = 0.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = NBNP
|candidate = Sahjahan Ali
|votes = 566
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gole Rahman
|votes = 522
|percentage = 0.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Safiul Islam
|votes = 441
|percentage = 0.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = Shayema Mazumder
|votes = 339
|percentage = 0.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,177
|percentage = 6.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,26,674
|percentage = 81.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Nationalist Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Goalpara district]]
[[Category:Goalpara]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]

East Asian languages

2026-04-14T13:03:24Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{short description|Proposed language family}}
{{hatnote|This article is about the proposed language family. For the languages of the East Asian geographical region, see [[languages of East Asia]].}}
{{Infobox language family
| name = East Asian
| acceptance = proposed, under study
| region = [[East Asia]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Oceania]], [[Madagascar]], [[Siberia]]
| familycolor = superfamily
| family = Proposed language family
| child1 = [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]
| child2 = [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]
| child3 = [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]
| child4 = [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]
| child5 = [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]
| child6 = [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]] (sometimes included)
| child7 = [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] (sometimes included)
| glotto = none
| glottoname =
| glottorefname =
| notes =
| map =
| mapcaption =
| child8 = [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] (sometimes included)
| child9 = [[Tungusic Languages|Tungusic]] (sometimes included)
| child10 = [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] (sometimes included)
| child11 = [[Paleo-Siberian languages|Paleo-Siberian]]
| child12 = [[Eskaleut languages|Eskaleut]]
| child13 = [[Uralic Languages|Uralic]] (rarely included)
| child14 = [[Turkic Languages|Turkic]] (rarely included)
}}
The '''East Asian languages''' are a [[language family]] (alternatively ''[[macrofamily]]'' or ''superphylum'') proposed by [[Stanley Starosta]] in 2001. The proposal has since been adopted by [[George van Driem]] and others.

==Classifications==
===Early proposals===
Early proposals of similar linguistic macrophylla, in narrower scope:<ref name=GvD2013 />

*''Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Kra–Dai, Tibeto-Burman'': [[August Conrady]] (1916, 1922)<ref>Conrady, August. 1916. Eine merkw rdige Beziehung zwischen den austrischen und den indochinesischen Sprachen. ''Aufsätze zur Kultur- und Sprachgeschichte vornehmlich des Orients: Ernst Kuhn zum 70. Geburtstage am 7. Februar 1916 gewidmet von Freunden und Schülern'', 475-504. München: Verlag von M. & H. Marcus.</ref><ref>Conrady, August. 1922. ''Neue austrisch-indochinesische Parallelen''. Asia Major: Hirth Anniversary Volume, 23-66. London: Robsthan and Company.</ref> and Kurt Wulff (1934, 1942)<ref>Wulff, Kurt. 1934. ''Chinesisch und Tai: Sprachvergleichende Untersuchungen''. Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard.</ref><ref>Wulff, Kurt. 1942 [posthumous]. ''Über das Verhältnis des Malay-Polynesischen zum Indochinesischen''. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.</ref>
*''Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Kra–Dai, Hmong–Mien'': [[Paul K. Benedict]] (1942),<ref>Benedict, Paul King. 1942. Thai, Kadai and Indonesia: A new alignment in southeastern Asia. ''American Anthropologist'' 44:576-601.</ref> [[Robert Blust]] (1996),<ref>Blust, Robert. 1996. Beyond the Austronesian homeland: The Austric hypothesis and its implications for archaeology. ''Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific'', ed. by Ward H. Goodenough, 117-160. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.</ref> [[Ilia Peiros]] (1998)<ref>Peiros, Ilia. 1998. ''Comparative Linguistics in Southeast Asia''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.</ref>
*''Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Kra–Dai, Tibeto-Burman, Hmong–Mien'': Stanley Starosta (2001)

Precursors to the East Asian proposal:
*''[[Austro-Tai languages|Austro-Tai]]'' (Kra–Dai and Austronesian): [[Gustave Schlegel]] (1901, 1902),<ref>Schlegel, Gustave. 1901. Review: ‘Elements of Siamese Grammar by O. Frankfurter, Ph.D., Bangkok: Printed at the American Presbyterian Mission Press, Leipzig, Karl W. Hiersemann, 1900’. ''T'oung Pao'' (Série II), II:76-87.</ref><ref>Schlegel, Gustave. 1902. Siamese Studies. ''T'oung Pao'', New Series II, Volume II, Supplement. Leiden.</ref> Weera Ostapirat (2005)<ref>Ostapirat, Weera. 2005. Kra-Dai and Austronesian: Notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution. ''The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics'', ed. by Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, 107-131. London: Routledge Curzon.</ref><ref>Ostapirat, Weera. 2013. ''Austro-Tai revisited''. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 29 May 2013.</ref>
*''[[Austric languages|Austric]]'' (Austroasiatic and Austronesian): [[Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)|Wilhelm Schmidt]] (1906),<ref>Schmidt, Wilhelm. 1906. Die Mon-Khmer Völker, ein Bindeglied zwischen Völkern Zentral-Asiens und Austronesiens. ''Archiv für Anthropologie Neue Folge'' V:59-109.</ref> [[Lawrence Reid]] (1994, 2005)<ref>Reid, Lawrence A. 1994. Morphological evidence for Austric. ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 33.2:323-344.</ref><ref>Reid, Lawrence A. 2005. The current status of Austric: a review and evaluation of the lexical and morphosyntactic evidence. ''The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics'', ed. by Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, 132-160. London: Routledge Curzon, London.</ref>

===Starosta (2005)===
[[File:Peiligang_map.svg|thumb|right|Location of the Peiligang culture]]
[[Stanley Starosta]]'s (2005)<ref>Since Starosta died on July 18, 2002, his paper, originally written in 2001, was published posthumously.</ref> East Asian proposal includes a "Yangzian" branch, consisting of [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] and [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]], to form an '''East Asian''' superphylum. However, Starosta believes his proposed Yangzian to be a direct [[sister group|sister]] of Sino-Tibetan rather than Austronesian, which is more distantly related to Sino-Tibetan as a sister of Sino-Tibetan-Yangzian. He concludes Proto-East Asian was a [[disyllabic]] (CVCVC) language spoken from 6,500 to 6,000 BCE by [[Peiligang culture]] and [[Cishan culture]] [[millet]] farmers on the [[North China Plain]] (specifically the [[Hanshui|Han River]], [[Wei River]], and central [[Yellow River]] areas).<ref name="Origin">{{cite book | given = Stanley | surname = Starosta | chapter = Proto-East Asian and the origin and dispersal of languages of east and southeast Asia and the Pacific | pages = [https://archive.org/details/peoplingeastasia00blen/page/n210 182]–197 | title = The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics | url = https://archive.org/details/peoplingeastasia00blen | url-access = limited | editor-given1 = Laurent | editor-surname1 = Sagart | editor-given2 = Roger | editor-surname2 = Blench | editor-given3 = Alicia | editor-surname3 = Sanchez-Mazas | location = London | publisher = Routledge Curzon | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-415-32242-3 }}</ref>

{{tree list}}
*'''East Asian'''
**'''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]'''
***(various [[Formosan languages|Formosan]] branches)
***Extra-Formosan
****'''[[Tai–Kadai languages|Tai–Kadai]]'''
****'''[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]'''
**Sino-Tibetan-Yangzian
***'''[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]'''
***Yangzian
****'''[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]'''
****'''[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]'''
{{tree list/end}}

Starosta (2005) proposes the following Proto-East Asian morphological affixes, which are found in [[Proto-Tibeto-Burman]] and [[Proto-Austronesian]], as well as in some morphologically conservative Austroasiatic branches such as [[Nicobaric languages|Nicobaric]].<ref>{{cite journal | given = Lawrence A. | surname = Reid | url = https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/32987/1/A39.1994.pdf | title = Morphological evidence for Austric | journal = Oceanic Linguistics | year = 1994 | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 323–344 | jstor = i285831 | doi = 10.2307/3623132 | hdl = 10125/32987 | access-date = 2020-08-10 | archive-date = 2017-08-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170815182316/http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/32987/1/A39.1994.pdf | url-status = live | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
* *m(V)- 'agent of V-ing'
* *-Vn 'patient of V-ing'
* *sV- 'instrument of V-ing'
* *n(V)- 'perfective'

===van Driem (2012)===
{{see also|Father tongue hypothesis}}
The following tree of East Asian superphylum (macrofamily) was proposed by [[George van Driem]] in 2012 at the 18th Himalayan Languages Symposium, held at the [[Benares Hindu University]].<ref name=GvD2013>van Driem, George. 2013. "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190429103442/http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2013f.pdf East Asian ethnolinguistic phylogeography]}}", ''Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics'', 7 (1): 135-188.</ref><ref>van Driem, George. 2016. "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181009043105/http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2016g.pdf The Eastern Himalayan corridor in prehistory]}}", pp. 467-524, Vol. II in Elena Nikolaevna Kolpačkova, ed., Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания — ''Problems in Chinese and General Linguistics''. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Studija « NP-Print ».</ref>

{{tree list}}
*'''East Asian'''
**'''[[Austro-Tai languages|Austro-Tai]]'''
***'''[[Kra–Dai languages|Kradai]]'''
***'''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]'''
**'''[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]'''
**Himalayan-Yangtzean
***'''[[Trans-Himalayan languages|Trans-Himalayan]]'''
****[[Sino-Bodic languages|Sino-Bodic]]
****[[Burmo-Qiangic languages|Burmo-Qiangic]]
****[[Sal languages|Brahmaputran]]
****[[Gongduk language|Gongduk]], etc.
****[[Kiranti languages|Kiranti]], etc.
***Yangtzean
****'''[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]'''
{{tree list/end}}

[[File:Geographic distributions of Y chromosome haplogroups O in East Asia.png|thumb|Modern distribution of basal O-M175, which expanded from southern China and Mainland Southeast Asia.]]
According to van Driem, the linguistic evidence for the East Asian languages matches the genetic evidence from Y-DNA [[Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)#Languages families and genes|Haplogroup O]].<ref>van Driem, George. 2018. "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210110235952/https://himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2018i.pdf The East Asian linguistic phylum: A reconstruction based on language and genes]}}", ''Journal of the Asiatic Society'', LX (4): 1-38.</ref> (Further information: [[Father tongue hypothesis]])

=== Larish (2006, 2017) ===
According to Michael D. Larish, the languages of Southeast and East Asia descended from one proto-language (which he calls "Proto-Asian"). [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] is grouped together with [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]] as one branch of the Proto-Asian family. The other branch consists of the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]], [[Kra–Dai]], [[Hmong–Mien]] and [[Sino-Tibetan languages]].<ref>{{Cite conference|last=Larish|first=Michael D.|date=January 2006|title=Possible Proto-Asian Archaic Residue and the Statigraphy of Diffusional Cumulation in Austro-Asian Languages|url=https://sil-philippines-languages.org/ical/papers/larish-proto_asian.pdf|conference=Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics|access-date=2019-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108045904/https://sil-philippines-languages.org/ical/papers/larish-proto_asian.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Larish, Michael. 2017. ''Proto-Asian and its branches: An archeolinguistic approach for the history of Eastern Asia''. Linguistic Society of the Philippines.</ref>

{{tree list}}
*'''East Asian'''
**'''Japano-Koreanic'''
***'''[[Japonic languages|Japonic]]'''
***'''[[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]]'''
**'''Austro-Asian'''
***'''[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]'''
***'''[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]'''
***'''[[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]'''
***'''[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]'''
***'''[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]'''
{{tree list/end}}

==Vocabulary comparison==
Below is a comparison of basic vocabulary items for proto-languages of all 5 East Asian language families.

;Sources
* [[Proto-Tibeto-Burman]]: Matisoff (2015)<ref>Matisoff, James A. 2015. [http://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/chapters ''The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023221846/https://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/chapters |date=2020-10-23 }}. Berkeley: University of California. ([https://stedt.berkeley.edu/dissemination/STEDT.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202053131/https://stedt.berkeley.edu/dissemination/STEDT.pdf |date=2020-02-02 }})</ref>
* [[Proto-Hmong–Mien]]: Ratliff (2010)<ref>Ratliff, Martha. 2010. ''Hmong–Mien language history''. Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics. {{ISBN|0-85883-615-7}}.</ref>
* [[Proto-Austroasiatic]]: Sidwell (2024);<ref name="Sidwell 500">{{cite journal |last1=Sidwell |first1=Paul |date=2024 |title=500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10524/52519 |journal=Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=i-xxxiii |issn=1836-6821 |access-date=2024-06-15 |publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press |location=Honolulu}}</ref> Sidwell & Rau (2015)<ref name="SidwellRau2015">Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). ''The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages''. Leiden: Brill.</ref>
* [[Proto-Austronesian]]: Blust & Trussel (2020)<ref name="ACD">{{cite web |title=Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, web edition |first1=Robert |last1=Blust |first2=Stephen |last2=Trussel |url=https://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-pl_pan.htm |date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806165028/https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-pl_pan.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Proto-Tai]]: Pittayaporn (2009)<ref>Pittayaporn, Pittayawat. 2009. ''The Phonology of Proto-Tai''. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University.</ref>
* [[Proto-Hlai]]: Norquest (2007)<ref>Norquest, Peter K. 2007. [http://gradworks.umi.com/32/84/3284367.html ''A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210532/http://gradworks.umi.com/32/84/3284367.html |date=2016-03-03 }}. Ph.D. dissertation. Tucson: Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.</ref>
* [[Proto-Kra]]: Ostapirat (2000)<ref>Ostapirat, Weera. 2000. "[http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/weera2000proto.pdf Proto-Kra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022126/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/weera2000proto.pdf |date=2020-11-12 }}." ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' '''23''' (1): 1-251.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!
! Sino-Tibetan
! Hmong–Mien
! Austroasiatic
! Austronesian
! colspan = "3" | Kra–Dai
|-
! gloss
! [[Proto-Tibeto-Burman]]
! [[Proto-Hmong–Mien]]
! [[Proto-Austroasiatic]]
! [[Proto-Austronesian]]
! [[Proto-Tai]]
! [[Proto-Hlai]]
! [[Proto-Kra]]
|-
| hair
| *(t)sam
| *pljei
| *sukˀ, *sɔkˀ
| *bukeS
| *prɤmA
| *hnom
| *m-səmA
|-
| eye
| *s-myak
| *mu̯ɛjH
| *matˀ
| *maCa
| *p.taːA
| *tʃʰaː
| *m-ʈaA
|-
| ear
| *r/g-na
| *mbræu
| *Ctoːr
| *Caliŋa
| *krwɯːA
| *ljəy
| *k-raA
|-
| nose
| *s-na ~ *s-naːr
| *mbruiH
| *muːh, *muːɕ
| *ujuŋ
| *ɗaŋA
| *kʰət
| *hŋətD
|-
| tooth
| *s/p-wa
| *hmjinʔ
| *muɲ, *məɲ
| *lipen, *n/ŋipen
| *wanA
| *fjən
| *l-pənA
|-
| tongue
| *m/s-lay ~ *s-ley
| *mblet
| *lntaːkˀ
| *Sema, *lidam
| *liːnC
| *hliːnʔ
| *l-maA
|-
| hand
| *lak ~ *C-yak
| *-bɔuʔ
| *tiːˀ
| *kamay
| *mwɯːA
| *C-mɯː
| *mjaA
|-
| bone
| *s/m/g-rus
| *tshuŋʔ
| *cʔaːŋ
| *CuqelaN
| *C̥.dukD
| *Cuɾɯːk
| *dəkD
|-
| blood
| *s-hywəy-t
| *ntshjamʔ
| *(m)ɕaːm
| *daRaq
| *lɯətD
| *alaːc
| *platD
|-
| liver
| *m-sin
| *-hri̯ən
| *kləːm;<ref name="SidwellRau2015"/> *gre(ː)ɕ
| *qaCay
| *tapD
| *ɗəy
| *təpD
|-
| meat, flesh
| *sya-n
| ''P-Mienic'' *ʔaB
| *sacˀ
| *Sesi
| *n.mɤːC
| *rəmʔ
| *ʔaɯC
|-
| dog
| *d-kʷəy-n
| ''P-Hmongic'' *hmaŋC
| *cɔʔ
| *asu
| *ʰmaːA
| *hmaː
| *x-maA
|-
| bird
| *s-ŋak
| *m-nɔk
| *ciːm
| *manuk
| *C̬.nokD
| *səc
| *ɳokD
|-
| fish
| *s-ŋya
| *mbrəuʔ
| *kaʔ
| *Sikan
| *plaːA
| *hlaː
| *p-laA
|-
| louse
| *s-r(y)ik
| *ntshjeiʔ
| *ciʔ
| *kuCux
| *trawA
| *tʃʰwəw
| *C-ʈuA
|-
| leaf
| *lay
| ''P-Hmongic'' *mblɔŋA, ''P-Mienic'' *nɔmA
| *slaʔ
| *waSaw
| *ɓaɰA
| *ɓɯː
| *ɖiŋA
|-
| sun, day
| *s-nəy
| ''P-Mienic'' *hnu̯ɔiA
| *tŋiːˀ
| *waRi, *qajaw
| *ŋwanA
| *hŋwən
| *(l-/h)wənA
|-
| moon
| *s/g-la
| *hlaH
| *khe(ː)ʔ
| *bulaN, *qiNaS
| *ɓlɯənA
| *C-ɲaːn
| *(C-)tjanA
|-
| water
| *m-t(w)əy-n ~ *m-ti-s
| *ʔu̯əm
| *ɗaːkˀ; [[Proto-Palaungic language|Pal]]. *ʔoːm
| *daNum
| *C̬.namC
| *C-nəmʔ
| *ʔuŋC
|-
| rain
| *r/s/g-wa
| ''P-Hmongic'' *m-noŋC
| *gmaːˀ
| *quzaN
| *C̥.wɯnA
| *fun
| *jəlA
|-
| fire
| *mey
| *douʔ
| *ʔuːɕ
| *Sapuy
| *wɤjA
| *fiː
| *puiA
|-
| name
| *r-mi(ŋ/n)
| *mpɔuH
| *ɟmuh, *ɟmɨh
| *ŋajan
| *ɟɤːB
| *pʰaːŋ
| *n(ʒ)iA
|-
| eat
| *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s
| ''P-Mienic'' *ɲənC
| *ca(ː)ʔ
| *kaen
| *kɯɲA
| *kʰən
| *kanA
|-
| die
| *səy
| *dəjH
| *kceːt<ref name="SidwellRau2015"/>
| *ma-aCay
| *p.taːjA
| *hlaːwɦ
| *pɣonA
|-
| I
| *ŋa-y ~ *ka
| ''P-Hmongic'' *kɛŋB
| *ʔaɲ
| -ku
| *kuːA
| *ɦuː
| *kuA
|-
| you (sg.)
| *na-ŋ
| *mu̯ei
| *miːˀ, *meːˀ
| -mu
| *mɯŋA
| *C-mɯː
| *məA/B
|}

==Distributions==
{{gallery
|width=225
|File:Lenguas sino-tibetanas.png|Distribution of [[Sino-Tibetan languages]]
|File:Taikadai-en.svg|Distribution of [[Kra–Dai languages]]
|File:Austroasiatic-en.svg|Distribution of [[Austroasiatic languages]]
|File:Hmong-Mien-en.svg|Distribution of [[Hmong–Mien languages]]
|File:Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png|Dispersal of [[Austronesian languages]]
|File:Japanese_dialects-en.png|Distribution of [[Japonic languages]]
|File:Koreanic.svg|Distribution of [[Koreanic languages]]
}}

==See also==
*[[Father tongue hypothesis]]
*[[Classification of Southeast Asian languages]]
**[[Sino-Austronesian languages]]
**[[Austric languages]]
**[[Austro-Tai languages]]
*[[Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area]]
*[[Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)#Languages families and genes|Haplogroup O (Y-DNA)]]
*[[Languages of East Asia]]
*[[Languages of Southeast Asia]]
*[[Languages of China]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206095029/http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/team/george_van_driem/publications Papers on the East Asian languages by George van Driem]}}

{{Sino-Tibetan branches}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}
{{Austroasiatic languages}}
{{Language families}}
{{Eurasian languages}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Proposed language families]]

Najibabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:12Z

Ajaymodi01: made a info - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Najibabad
| constituency_no = 17
| map_image = 17-Najibabad.svg
| mla = [[Tasleem Ahmad]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| established = 1956
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = 302,715 (2012)
| type = SLA
}}

'''Najibabad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Bijnor district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Nagina Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the delimitation order (DPACO - 1956) was passed in 1956. The constituency was assigned identification number 17 after "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in the year 2008.<ref name="DPACO (1956) ">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=28 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/delimitation_pub_rpt.aspx}}</ref><ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 28 July 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=28 July 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=9 August 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/najibabad.html}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Najibabad Assembly constituency is KCs Najibabad, Nangal, Sahanpur, Sahanpur NP, Jalalabad NP & Najibabad MB of Najibabad Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Najibabad Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/najibabad.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|[[Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|1958^
|Atiqul Rehman
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Shri Ram
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|K. D. Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Devender Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Sukhan Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Mukandi Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Rati Ram
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Sukkam Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Valdeva Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|Rajendra Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="3" |Ramswaroop Singh
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Sheesharam Singh]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Tasleem Ahmad]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/><section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Najibabad<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/api/download?url=LMAhAK6sOPBp%2FNFF0iRfXbEB1EVSLT41NNLRjYNJJP1KivrUxbfqkDatmHy12e%2FzVx8fLfn2ReU7TfrqYobgItW4eTUyTFD%2BDUyB1G1fBKOuW00SdZqELiEOB05oPhRO74%2F4p%2BuSikD0u7%2BVrCmQyhaJANaxWi%2FXMLUEuMmRVRLJ2%2BdBIBswoUnKE3KB7EMq|title= Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Tasleem Ahmad]]
|votes = {{formatnum:102675}}
|percentage = 44.14
|change = {{increase}}6.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bharatendra Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:78905}}
|percentage = 33.92
|change = {{decrease}}2.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shahnawaz Alam
|votes = {{formatnum:44727}}
|percentage = 19.23
|change = {{decrease}}1.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1372}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = {{decrease}}0.12
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:23770}}
|percentage = 10.22
|change = {{increase}}9.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:232615}}
|percentage = 67.1
|change = {{increase}}1.58
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Najibabad<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Tasleem Ahmad]]
|votes = {{formatnum:81082}}
|percentage = 37.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajiv Kumar Agarwal
|votes = {{formatnum:79080}}
|percentage = 36.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jameel Ahmed
|votes = {{formatnum:45070}}
|percentage = 20.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Leena Singhal
|votes = {{formatnum:3587}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Tazeem Siddiqui
|votes = {{formatnum:2094}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1516}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2002}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:215936}}
|percentage = 65.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 General Elections]].<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news |title=2012 Election Results |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |access-date=28 July 2015 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Najibabad<ref name="2012 Election Results"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Tasleem Ahmad]]
|votes = 62,713
|percentage = 33.54
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajeev Kumar Agarwal
|votes = 51,130
|percentage = 27.35
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Abrar Alam
|votes = 30,885
|percentage = 16.52
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 16 candidates
|votes = 42,246
|percentage = 22.6
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 11,583
|percentage = 6.19
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 186,974
|percentage = 61.77
|change = -
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Nagina Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Bijnor district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bijnor district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Sun Surya

2026-04-13T07:51:51Z

Ajaymodi01: put up a post

{{Short description|Indian Malayalam language television channel}}
{{distinguish|text=[[SCTV (TV network)]], Indonesian television network}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Sun Surya
| logo = Sun Surya.jpg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2026
| network = [[Sun TV Network]]
| owner = [[Sun Group]]
| launch_date = {{start date and age|1998|10|19|df=y|p=y|br=y}}
| area = India, Singapore, Middle East
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[letterboxed]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| type = [[Generalist channel|General entertainment]]
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| sister_channels = {{Collapsible list
| list_style = text-align:left;
| 1 = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] [[Sun Udaya]] [[Sun Bangla]] [[Sun Marathi]] [[KTV (India)]] [[Sun Gemini Movies]] [[Sun Udaya Movies]] [[Sun Surya Movies]] [[Sun Music]] [[Sun Gemini Music]] [[Sun Udaya Music]] [[Sun Surya Music]] [[Adithya TV]] [[Sun Gemini Comedy]] [[Sun Udaya Comedy]] [[Sun Surya Comedy]] [[Chutti TV]] [[Kushi TV]] [[Chintu TV]] [[Kochu TV]] Sun Life Sun Gemini Life [[Sun News (India)|Sun News]]
}}
| website = [https://www.sunnetwork.in/Default.aspx?Lang=malayalam Sun Surya]
| online_serv_1 = [[Sun NXT]] ([[India]])
| online_chan_1 = [https://www.sunnxt.com Sun Surya]
}}

'''Sun Surya''' (formerly known as '''Surya TV''') is an Indian [[Malayalam]] language Indian [[Generalist channel|general entertainment]] [[pay television]] channel owned by [[Sun TV Network]]. which is headquartered at [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. Sun Surya HD became the third Malayalam language high-definition channel.

== Current broadcast ==
=== Drama series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Series !! Premiere date !! Adapted from
|-
|''Punnaram<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punnaram | website=[[Sun NXT]] | date=11 March 2026 |url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-punnaram-episodeno-Mar09-2026/detail/246422/0|access-date=11 March 2026}}</ref>''
|9 March 2026
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''Chellame Chellame'' (dubbed)
|-
|''[[Peythozhiyathe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/peythozhiyathe-serial-surya-tv-cast/|title = Peythozhiyathe Serial Surya TV Starts from 30 June, Everyday at 06:30 PM – Meet the Characters and Actors|work=Kerala TV|publisher=Kerala TV|language=en|date=18 June 2025|access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref>''
|30 June 2025
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''Annam''
|-
|''Chattambipaaru<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-chattambipaaru/detail/219056/0|title=Chattambipaaru - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>''
|7 April 2025
|Tamil TV series ''[[Singapennae]]''
|-
|''[[Kanyadanam (Malayalam TV series)|Kanyadanam]]''
|23 August 2021
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]] TV series ''[[Kanyadaan (2020 TV series)|Kanyadaan]]''
|-
|''Swayamvarapanthal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-swayamvarapanthal/detail/214482/0|title=Swayamvarapanthal - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>''
|17 February 2025
|Tamil TV series ''[[Moondru Mudichu (Tamil TV series)|Moondru Mudichu]]''
|-
|''Amme Mookambike''
|24 November 2025
|
|-
|''Mangalyam Thanthunanenaa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangalyam Thanthunanena {{!}} From Feb 5 @ 7:30 PM {{!}} Surya TV| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7c_z6_HKeY|access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref>''
|5 February 2024
|Tamil TV series ''[[Ilakkiya]]''
|-
|''[[Anju Sundarikal(serial)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-anju-sundarikal-Dec29-2025/detail/240324/0|title=Anju Sundarikal - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>''
|29 December 2025
|[[Kannada]] TV series ''Gowripurada Gayyaligalu''
|-
|''Hridayam<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hridayam Family drama set to premiere featuring stellar cast and- heartfelt storyline|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/hridayam-family-drama-set-to-premiere-featuring-stellar-cast-and-heartfelt-storyline/articleshow/104962055.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=4 November 2023 }}</ref>''
|20 November 2023
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] TV series ''[[Anu Ane Nenu]]''
|-
|''[[Ishq Ki Dastaan – Naagmani|Nagamani]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagamani | website=[[Jio TV]] | date=7 December 2025 |url=https://www.jiotv.com/live-channel/surya-hd/900/nagamani/episode-1/251208900035|access-date=7 December 2025}}</ref>''
|8 December 2025
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]] TV series ''[[Ishq Ki Dastaan – Naagmani]]'' (dubbed)
|}

== Former broadcast ==
{{Incomplete list|date=May 2024}}

=== Original series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Series !! Premiere date !! Last aired !! Adapted from !! Total episodes
|-
|''Prema Pooja'' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southmoviez.com/malayalam/malayalam-tv/prema-pooja-new-serial-on-surya-tv/|title=“Prema Pooja” – New Love is Blossoming and Arriving Soon on Surya Tv|work=South Moviez|date=8 November 2024}}</ref>
|16 December 2024
|28 December 2025
|Malayalam novel of same title
|371
|-
|''Constable Manju''<ref>{{Cite web |title=കോൺസ്റ്റബിൾ മഞ്ജു: കരുതലിന്റെ സ്നേഹ സ്പർശം| website=[[Manorama Online]] | date=8 May 2024 |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/tv/2024/05/08/constable-manju-serial-family-entertainer.html|access-date=2025-12-07}}</ref>
|6 May 2024
|7 December 2025
|
|553
|-
|''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]''
|26 June 2022
|29 June 2025
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]''
|1078
|-
|''Aathira''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.southmoviez.com/malayalam/malayalam-tv/aathira-malayalm-serial-surya-tv/|title=Surya TV's new serial 'Aathira' Promo Out: Two extreme personalities in a love story|date=20 December 2024 |publisher=www.southmoviez.com|access-date=8 January 2025}}</ref>
|13 January 2025
|6 April 2025
|Tamil TV series ''[[Marumagal (TV series)|Marumagal]]''
|84
|-
|''[[Anandharagam]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/anandaragam-serial-surya-tv/|title=Anandaragam Serial on Surya TV Starting from 17 April, Everyday at 08:00 PM|date=14 April 2023|publisher=www.keralatv.in|access-date=6 June 2023|archive-date=6 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606212839/https://www.keralatv.in/anandaragam-serial-surya-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|17 April 2023
|16 February 2025
|Tamil TV series ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]''
|656
|-
| ''Swargavathil Pakshi''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/surya-tv-serial-swargavathil-pakshi/|title=Swargavathil Pakshi Serial Starts from 23 September at 07:30 PM, Everyday on Surya TV – Discover Star Cast|website=Kerala TV}}</ref>
| 23 September 2024
| 15 December 2024
|
|84
|-
|''[[Kanalpoovu]]''
|24 July 2022
|27 October 2024
|Tamil TV series ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''
|812
|-
|''[[Kaliveedu (TV series)|Kaliveedu]]''
|15 November 2021
|22 September 2024
|Tamil TV series ''[[Roja (2018 TV series)|Roja]]''
|1000
|-
|''[[Sundari (Malayalam TV series)|Sundari]]''
|15 November 2021
|21 July 2024
|[[Kannada]] TV series ''Sundari''
|915
|-
|''Ammakilikoodu''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Swapna starrer 'Ammakilikkoodu' to portray the life of a single mother|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/swapna-starrer-ammakilikkoodu-to-portray-the-life-of-a-single-mother/articleshow/103842800.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=21 September 2023 }}</ref>
|25 September 2023
|24 March 2024
|
|180
|-
|''Ninnishtam Ennishtam''<ref>{{Cite news |title='Ninnishtam Ennishtam' to narrate Mr. Homemaker and Miss techie's love story|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ninnishtam-ennishtam-to-narrate-mr-homemaker-and-miss-techies-love-story/articleshow/102303063.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=August 2023 }}</ref>
|7 August 2023
|20 January 2024
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Mr. Manaivi]]''
|159
|-
|''[[Aniyathipraavu (TV series)|Aniyathipraavu]]''
|25 April 2022
|12 November 2023
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]''
|530
|-
|''[[Sita Ramam (TV series)|Sita Ramam]]''
|13 March 2023
|25 June 2023
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Sevvanthi (TV series)|Sevvanthi]]''
|100
|-
|''[[Swantham Sujatha]]''
|16 November 2020
|12 March 2023
|
|677
|-
|''[[Manassinakkare (TV series)|Manassinakkare]]''
|23 August 2021
|26 November 2022
|[[Kannada]] TV series ''[[Kavyanjali (Kannada TV series)|Kavyanjali]]''
|411
|-
|''[[Kana Kanmani (2021 TV series)|Kana Kanmani]]''
|23 August 2021
|23 July 2022
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] TV series ''[[Pournami (TV series)|Pournami]]''
|290
|-
|''[[Ente Maathavu]]''
|27 January 2020
|25 June 2022
|
|573
|-
|''[[Thinkalkalamaan]]''
|19 October 2020
|23 April 2022
|
|394
|-
|''[[Indulekha (TV series)|Indulekha]]''
|5 October 2020
|7 May 2021
|
|153
|-
|''Varnappakittu''<ref>{{Cite web |title=വര്‍ണപകിട്ട് സീരിയല്‍ അവസാനിപ്പിക്കുന്നു; ഷൂട്ടിങ്ങ് വീണ്ടും ആരംഭിക്കാനിരിക്കെ സങ്കട വാർത്തയെന്ന് ജിഷിന്‍ മോഹൻ|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/surya-tv-s-varnapakittu-serial-to-be-concluded-soon-actor-jishin-mohan-opens-up-072475.html|work=Filmibeat Malayalam}}</ref>
|8 March 2021
|21 May 2021
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]] TV series ''[[Erkenci Kuş]]''
|53
|-
|''[[Namukku Paarkkuvan Munthirithoppukal]]''
|22 June 2020
|2 October 2020
|Malayalam novel ''Nammukku Gramangalil Chennu Rapparkkam''<ref>{{Cite news|title=Namukku Paarkkuvan Munthirithoppukal: Evergreen couple Solomon-Sofia is back!|url=
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/namukku-paarkkuvan-munthirithoppukal-evergreen-couple-solomon-sofia-is-back/articleshow/76466471.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=19 June 2020|accessdate=21 May 2023}}</ref>
|74
|-
|''Ithikkarapakki''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ithikkara Pakki Malayalam Serial Premiering 27th January at 8.30 P.M On Surya TV|url=https://www.keralatv.in/ithikkara-pakki-serial/|work=Kerala TV|date=22 January 2020 }}</ref>
|27 January 2020
|20 March 2020
|
|40
|-
|''[[Bhadra (2019 TV series)|Bhadra]]''
|16 September 2019
|27 March 2020
|
|139
|-
|''Thamara Thumbi''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankar Das playing the role of Jayakanthan in Surya TV serial Thamarathumbi|url=https://www.keralatv.in/shankar-das-thamarathumbi-actor/|work=Kerala TV|date=16 July 2019 }}</ref>
|17 June 2019
|24 January 2020
|
|157
|-
|''Oridathoru Rajakumari''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oridathoru Rajakumari Surya TV Serial Actress - Vindhuja Vikraman, Ameen Madathil|url=https://www.keralatv.in/oridathoru-rajakumari-surya-tv/|work=Kerala TV|date=18 May 2019 }}</ref>
|13 May 2019
|27 March 2020
|
|230
|-
|''[[Chocolate (Malayalam TV series)|Chocolate]]''
|20 May 2019
|20 March 2020
|
|215
|-
|''Ennu Swantham Jani''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ennu Swantham Jaani completes 700 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ennu-swantham-jaani-completes-700-episodes/articleshow/67439542.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=8 January 2019 }}</ref>
|18 July 2016
|13 September 2019
|
|825
|-
|''Thenum Vayambum''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thenum Vaymbum's trailer is here|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/thenum-vaymbums-trailer-is-here/articleshow/66261925.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=17 October 2018 }}</ref>
|29 October 2018
|10 May 2019
|
|140
|-
|''Gauri<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gouri, the new serial on Surya TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/gouri-the-new-serial-on-surya-tv/articleshow/62440093.cms|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=10 January 2018 }}</ref>''
|29 January 2018
|19 January 2019
|
|255
|-
|''Agnisaakshi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnisakshi Malayalam Serial On Surya TV From 28th May At 8.30 P.M – Starring Sonu Satheesh In Lead Role|url=https://indiantvinfo.com/agnisakshi-malayalam-serial/|work=Indiantvinfo|date=27 May 2018 }}</ref>''
|28 May 2018
|7 July 2018
|
|30
|-
|''Sahayathrika''
| 15 August 2016
|9 September 2016
|
|20
|-
|''[[Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan (TV Series)|Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan]]''
|12 December 2016
|16 June 2017
|
|143
|-
|''[[Akashadoothu (TV series)|Akashadoothu]]''
|24 October 2011
|4 October 2013
|
|501
|-
|''[[Minnukettu]]''
|14 August 2004
|2 January 2009
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] TV series ''[[Metti Oli]]''
|1345
|-
|''Sindhoorakkuruvi''
|30 August 1999
|30 June 2000
|
|220
|-
|''[[Swantham Malooty]]''
|20 March 2000
|22 June 2001
|
|330
|-
|''Amaavasi''
|20 March 2000
|28 September 2001
|
|400
|-
|''Charulatha''
|12 June 2000
|29 December 2000
|
|145
|-
|''Vava''
|2 July 2001
|25 October 2002
|
|345
|-
|''Sthreejanmam''
|25 June 2001
|28 March 2003
|
|460
|-
|''Thaali''
|1 January 2001
|29 March 2002
|
|325
|-
|''Porutham''
|1 October 2001
|10 May 2002
|
|160
|-
|''Manthram''
|12 June 1999
|31 March 2000
|
|190
|-
|''Adharva Manthram''
|4 February 2002
|25 October 2002
|
|190
|-
|''Manasaputhri''
|1 April 2002
|20 September 2002
|
|125
|-
|''Oomakkuyil''
|13 May 2002
|20 June 2003
|
|290
|-
|''Oru Nimisham''
|2 September 2002
|30 May 2003
|
|195
|-
|''Thulasidhalam''
|31 March 2003
|26 December 2003
|
|195
|-
|''Daivaththinte Makkal''
|10 Feb 2003
|30 May 2003
|
|80
|-
|''Aalippazham''
|23 June 2003
|30 April 2004
|
|225
|-
|''Pavithrabandham''
|21 July 2003
|31 December 2003
|
|116
|-
|''Kayamkulam Kocchunni''
|3 May 2004
|27 April 2007
|
|780
|-
|''Chitta''
|7 June 2004
|28 January 2005
|
|170
|-
|''Kaavyanjali''
|2 August 2004
|28 December 2007
|
|890
|-
|''Mounam''
|31 January 2005
|27 May 2005
|
|85
|-
|Nilavilakku
|1 January 2008
|8 November 2011
|
|1006
|-
|Abhinetri
|11 February 2013
|26 March 2013
|
|32+
|-
|Sarayu
|13 May 2013
|14 November 2014
|
|395
|-
|Soubhagyavathi
|7 April 2014
|14 November 2014
|
|160
|-
|Snehajalakam
|17 November 2014
|15 May 2015
|
|130
|-
|Ammamaanasam
|16 June 2014
|31 October 2015
|
|360
|-
|Sthreethwam
|2 November 2015
|4 December 2015
|Shortest Episode
|25
|-
|Mohakkadal
|25 June 2012
|12 October 2012
|
|80
|-
|Snehakkoodu
|18 July 2011
|12 July 2013
|
|520
|-
|Vadhu
|3 March 2014
|26 June 2015
|
|345
|-
|Bhagyalakshmi
|3 February 2014
|27 August 2016
|
|804
|-
|Nandanam
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Chakravakam
|8 May 2011
|28 September 2012
|
|365
|-
|Paattukalude Paattu
|9 November 2011
|25 December 2012
|
|295
|-
|Makalude Amma
|5 October 2009
|27 May 2011
|
|430
|}

=== Reality shows ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Show !! Original telecast !! Host !! Adaptation of
|-
|''[[Malayalee House]]''|| 2013 ||[[Revathi]]||''[[Big Brother (franchise)|Big Brother]]''
|-
|''Deal or No Deal''|| 2017 ||[[Suraj Venjaramoodu]]||''[[Deal or No Deal]]''<ref>{{cite news |first1=Arya |last1=Ur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/deal-or-no-deal-again-on-surya-tv/articleshow/56235456.cms |title='Deal or No Deal' again on Surya TV |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 December 2016 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904193614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/deal-or-no-deal-again-on-surya-tv/articleshow/56235456.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Laughing Villa]]''|| 2016–2019||[[Jyothi Krishna (actress)|Jyothikrishna]] / [[Gayatri Arun]]||<ref>{{cite news |first1=Arya |last1=Ur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-jyothi-krishna-to-host-laughing-villa-season-2/articleshow/57811500.cms |title=Actress Jyothi Krishna to host 'Laughing Villa Season 2' |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 March 2017 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904193612/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-jyothi-krishna-to-host-laughing-villa-season-2/articleshow/57811500.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Super Jodi''||2018||[[Manikuttan]] ||<ref>{{cite news |first1=Arya |last1=Ur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/super-jodi-a-new-show-on-surya-tv/articleshow/62837235.cms |title=Super Jodi, a new show on Surya TV |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 February 2018 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905003647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/super-jodi-a-new-show-on-surya-tv/articleshow/62837235.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Rani Maharani''||2018–2019||Manikuttan||<ref>{{cite news |first1=Arya |last1=Ur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rani-maharani-a-new-game-show/articleshow/66526326.cms |title=Rani Maharani, a new game show |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904193608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rani-maharani-a-new-game-show/articleshow/66526326.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Surya Super Singer''||13 May 2019 – 12 July 2019||[[Ranjini Haridas]] and [[Dain Davis]]||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/super-singer-wrap-up-judge-manjari-shares-a-goodbye-note/articleshow/70214402.cms |title=Super Singer wrap up: Judge Manjari shares a goodbye note |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 July 2019 |access-date=6 November 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905003646/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/super-singer-wrap-up-judge-manjari-shares-a-goodbye-note/articleshow/70214402.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Mathura Pathinettil Prithvi''||30 August 2020||[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]||<ref>{{cite web |author=Manoj Kumar R |title=Ultimate TV and OTT guide: Where to watch Onam special shows and movies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/2020-where-to-watch-onam-new-movies-special-shows-6574210/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=29 August 2020 |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904193608/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/2020-where-to-watch-onam-new-movies-special-shows-6574210/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''Anchinodu Inchodinchu''|| 2021||[[Suresh Gopi]] ||''[[Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (American game show)|Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.keralatv.in/anchinodu-inchodinchu-show-surya/ |title=Anchinodu Inchodinchu – Malayalam Game Show on Surya TV Starts from 23rd August |website=Kerala TV|date=22 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Aram + Aram = Kinnaram''|| 2021||[[Shwetha Menon]] ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indiantvinfo.com/anchinodu-inchodinchu-show-suryatv/ |website=Indian TV News|title=Anchinodu Inchodinchu, Manassinakkare, Kanyadanam – Surya TV Revamped Prime Time Lineup|date=22 August 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Adichu Keri Vaa''
|2025
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-malayalam-serial-adichu-keri-vaa-May31-2025/detail/224091/0|title=Adichu Keri Vaa - Sun NXT|publisher=Sun NXT}}</ref>
|-
|''Fun Baby Fun''
|2025
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/fun-baby-fun-comedy-show-suryatv/|title=Fun Baby Fun – Surya TV Launching a New Malayalam Comedy Show From 30 August at 8:00 PM|publisher=Kerala TV}}</ref>
|-
|''Namriti'' || 2025|| ||<ref>{{cite news |date=1 December 2024 |title=Namriti – Sutara TV Revamped Prime Time Lineup |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt35352743/ |website=IMDb}}</ref>
|-
|Indumukhi Chandramathi
|2011
|
|
|-
|''Kodeeshwaran''
|2001 - 2004
|[[Mukesh]]
|
|-
|''Ponpulari''
|1999 - 2011
|
|
|}

== Sister channels ==
=== Sun Surya Movies ===
[[File:Sun Surya Movies.jpg|center]]

'''Sun Surya Movies''' (formerly known as '''Surya Movies''') is an Indian Malayalam language music [[pay television]] channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 13 August 2013 by rebranding Kiran TV, which had originally been on air since 16 January 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=45&channelname=Surya%20Movies&type=4#:~:text=Sun%20TV%20Network%20%2D%20Channel%20Details,Prime%20Time%20Cinema|title=Surya Movies}}</ref>

=== Sun Surya Music ===
[[File:Sun Surya Music.jpg|center]]

'''Sun Surya Music''' (formerly known as '''Surya Music''') is an Indian Malayalam language music pay television channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 13 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2017/04/sun-tv-network-launches-first-malayalam-comedy-channel-surya-comedy|title=Surya TV launches first comedy channel Surya Comedy}}</ref>

=== Kochu TV ===
[[File:Kochu TV.jpg|center]]

'''Kochu TV''' is an Indian Malayalam language kids pay television channel from Sun TV Network. it was launched on 16 October 2011.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ninan |first=Sevanti |date=2013-04-03 |title=New platforms, New Growth |url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/Hy4MnwivouJtRueEbjvdkO/New-platforms-new-growth.html |access-date= |website=LiveMint |language=}}</ref>

=== Sun Surya Comedy ===
[[File:Sun Surya Comedy.jpg|center]]

'''Sun Surya Comedy''' (formerly known as '''Surya Comedy''') is an Indian Malayalam language comedy channel owned by Sun TV Network. It was launched on 29 April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.exchange4media.com/industrybriefing/sun-tv-network-to-launch-its-first-malayalam-comedy-channel-surya-comedy_68567.html|title=SUN TV Network to launch its first Malayalam comedy channel, 'Surya Comedy'|author= |website=Exchange 4 Media|access-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429203652/http://www.exchange4media.com/industrybriefing/sun-tv-network-to-launch-its-first-malayalam-comedy-channel-surya-comedy_68567.html |archive-date=29 April 2017 |url-status=dead |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.sunnxt.com/ SUN TV Network]

{{Sun TV Network}}

[[Category:Malayalam-language television channels]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1998]]
[[Category:Sun Group]]
[[Category:Television stations in Thiruvananthapuram]]

Datia rail crash

2026-04-07T18:43:48Z

Ajaymodi01: Data

{{Short description|Train accident in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
The '''Datia train crash''' was a railroad crash that occurred on 3 October 2005 involving a passenger train near [[Datia]] in India's [[Madhya Pradesh]] province. The crash occurred just three weeks before the [[Veligonda rail disaster]] which killed 114 people.

The overcrowded ''[[Bundelkhand Express]]'' from [[Varanasi]] to [[Gwalior]] was apparently travelling at over six times the legal speed limit,<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4303536.stm BBC News]</ref> when it overshot a sharp turn near the town of Datia. The engine and six coaches jumped the track and crashed through a signalman's box before coming to rest nearby in a crumpled heap. One hundred people were killed and over 300 injured, with dozens having to be cut out of the wreckage by rescue teams.

The driver, who was believed to have been travelling at {{convert|90|km/h}}, was killed in the crash, the Railway Ministry admitted responsibility for the incident, and promised {{INR|500000}} (${{To USD|500000|IND|r=-2}}) and a reserved future job on the railway to the family of each victim.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|25.67|78.47|display=title}}

{{2005 railway accidents}}
{{Railways in Central India}}

[[Category:2005 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Derailments in India]]
[[Category:2000s in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Disasters in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Datia]]
[[Category:Railway accidents in 2005]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:October 2005 in India]]

Industrial Green Chemistry World

2026-04-03T03:57:23Z

Ajaymodi01: made a article

{{Short description|Industrial convention in Mumbai, India}}'''Industrial Green Chemistry World''' (IGCW), previously known as Industrial Green Chemistry Workshop,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Padia |first1=Krishna |title=Bringing Industrial Green Chemistry to India |url=https://communities.acs.org/t5/GCI-Nexus-Blog/Bringing-Industrial-Green-Chemistry-to-India/ba-p/15555 |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref> is an industrial [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] which focuses on expanding, implementing and commercializing [[green chemistry]] and [[green engineering]] based technologies and products in the [[chemical industry]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Education Network|first=Green Chemistry|title=Industrial Green Chemistry World- Symposium and Exhibition (IGCW-2011)|url=http://cmetim.ning.com/events/industrial-green-chemistry-world-symposium-and-exhibition-igcw}}</ref> The first event was held in [[Powai]], [[Mumbai]], in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|last=Waterportal|first=India|title=IGCW 2009|url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/event/8538}}</ref> It is held biennially, and the recent series of their convention was held between 6-8 November, 2023<ref name=":0" />

The event is mainly divided into four sub-events - the [[Academic conference|Symposium]], the [[trade fair|Expo]], the Awards and the [[Seminar|Seminars]]. The IGCW Symposium is a platform where expert speakers from the academia and the industry deliver presentations on green sustainable innovations and achievements. The Expo is a platform for organizations from the chemical and pharmaceutical industry to exhibit their latest green chemistry innovations. The IGCW award recognizes outstanding research and initiatives in green chemistry and engineering to promote innovation in cleaner, cheaper, smarter chemistry developments that have been or can be utilized by the industry to achieve pollution prevention goals.<ref>{{cite news|author= |publisher=BusinessWire India|agency=P I Industries|title=P I Industries wins Industrial Green Chemistry Award 2009|url=http://www.businesswireindia.com/Feeds/Rediff/bwirelease21011.asp|access-date=2011-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152705/http://www.businesswireindia.com/Feeds/Rediff/bwirelease21011.asp|archive-date=2012-04-25|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==

IGCW is a biennial event dedicated to the cause of implementing and commercializing green chemistry and engineering on a large scale. The event is organized by Green ChemisTree Foundation and previously in collaboration with Newreka Green Synth Technologies Pvt. Ltd.<ref>{{cite news|last=Exposure|first=Press|title=IGCW 2011 to Open a Green Route Towards Sustainability|url=http://pressexposure.com/IGCW_2011_to_Open_a_Green_Route_Towards_Sustainability-391162.html}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=PR Wire|first=India|title=IGCW 2011 to open a green route towards sustainability|url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/chemical/2011100199522.htm|archive-date=2012-04-07|access-date=2011-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407040439/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/chemical/2011100199522.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|website=Manufacturing.Net|title=IGCW 2011 to open a green route towards sustainability|url=http://www.manufacturing.net/news/2011/10/igcw-2011-to-open-a-green-route-towards-sustainability}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://greenchemistreefoundation.in/ |website=Green ChemisTree Foundation |accessdate=7 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703165238/http://greenchemistreefoundation.in/ |archivedate=3 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.newreka.co.in/ | title=Newreka Home}}</ref> The first event, which was held in 2009, addressed the need of the Indian chemical industry's future direction with global trends in sustainability, besides exploring opportunities for leveraging industrial green chemistry models for business differentiation and competitiveness.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=IGC summit opens up new vistas in industrial green chemistry and technologies|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/25752551/IGC-summit-opens-up-new-vistas-in-industrial-green-chemistry-and-technologies}}</ref> Over 300 participants from the chemical industry; 65% from chemical companies, 15% from academic and [[research institutes]], 13% students and 7% officials from governments, their associates and societal bodies made up the attendees at the event.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|title=IGCW-2009 Report Presentation|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/36618519/IGCW-2009-Report-Presentation}}</ref>

==Overview==
Industrial Green Chemistry World (IGCW) has a special focus primarily over the four most chemistry-intensive sectors:
* Pharmaceuticals
* Agro-chemicals
* Dyes & Pigments
* Specialty, Fine and Performance Chemicals.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://industrialgreenchem.com/igcw-2013/sympo/sympo.html | title=IGCW 2013 | Symposium }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.IndustrialGreenChem.com/ IGCW Official Website]
* [http://www.newreka.co.in/ Newreka Green Synth Technologies Pvt. Ltd.]
* [http://greenchemistree.co.in/ Green ChemisTree Foundation]


[[Category:Chemical industry]]

Mellisai

2026-04-01T20:48:02Z

Ajaymodi01: made a post - done

{{Short description|Tamil film by Dhirav}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mellisai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Dhirav]]
| writer = Dhirav
| producer = Dhirav
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]
*Subatra Robert
*[[George Maryan]]
}}
| cinematography = Devaraj Pugazhendi
| editing = Dhirav
| music = Shankar Rangarajan
| studio = Hashtag FDFS Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2026|1|30}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Mellisai''''' ({{translation|Melody}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language drama film written, directed, produced and edited by [[Dhirav]] under his Hashtag FDFS Productions banner, starring [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] and Subatra Robert in the lead roles, alongside [[George Maryan]], [[Harish Uthaman]] and others in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |date=6 January 2026 |title='Mellisai' is a movie on ordinary lives, quiet dreams, honest emotions: Actor Kishore |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/mellisai-is-a-movie-on-ordinary-lives-quiet-dreams-honest-emotions-actor-kishore |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref>

''Mellisai'' released in theatres on 30 January 2026.

== Cast ==

* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]
* Subatra Robert
* [[George Maryan]]
* [[Harish Uthaman]]
* Jaswant Manikandan
* Dhananya
* Proactive Prabakar
* Samson
* Kannan Bharati

== Production ==
[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], who was last seen in ''[[Kaliyugam (2025 film)|Kaliyugam]]'' (2025), was announced to unite with ''[[Veppam Kulir Mazhai]]'' and ''[[Dopamine @ 2.22|Dopamine @]]'' ''[[Dopamine @ 2.22|2.22]]'' (both 2024) fame Dhirav for his next project in the lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=23 September 2025 |title=Kishore's next titled Mellisai |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/23/kishores-next-titled-mellisai |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The first-look poster was released by Vetrimaaran in late-October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Vetrimaaran praises Kishore's youthful look in Mellisai FL |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/vetrimaaran-praises-kishores-youthful-look-in-mellisai-fl-850496 |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=DT Next |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251118132353/https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/vetrimaaran-praises-kishores-youthful-look-in-mellisai-fl-850496 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is edited and produced by the director Dhirav himself under his Hashtag FDFS Productions banner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2025 |title=Mellisai Trailer: A determined Kishore battles fate to reclaim what he lost |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/26/mellisai-trailer-a-determined-kishore-battles-fate-to-reclaim-what-he-lost |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114015228/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/26/mellisai-trailer-a-determined-kishore-battles-fate-to-reclaim-what-he-lost |url-status=live }}</ref> Apart from Kishore, the film stars ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' (2018) and ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]'' (2021) fame Subatra Robert in the lead role alongside [[George Maryan]], [[Harish Uthaman]], Jaswant Manikandan, Dhananya, Proactive Prabakar, Kannan Bharati, and others in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=21 October 2025 |title=Vetri Maaran unveils the first look of Kishore's Mellisai |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/21/vetri-maaran-unveils-the-first-look-of-kishores-mellisai |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109074920/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Oct/21/vetri-maaran-unveils-the-first-look-of-kishores-mellisai |url-status=live }}</ref> The film has cinematography handled by Devaraj Pugazhendi and lyrics written by Dhirav.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2026 |title=Kishore: 'My character in Mellisai reminded me why I love acting' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/06/kishore-my-character-in-mellisai-reminded-me-why-i-love-acting |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The first single "Muthal Mottu" was released on 23 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=23 January 2026 |title=Mellisai's single 'Muthal Mottu' is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/23/mellisai-single-muthal-mottu |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Dhirav
| title1 = Muthal Mottu
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Mellisai'' released in theatres on 30 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=23 January 2026 |title=Kishore starrer Mellisai gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/23/kishore-starrer-mellisai-gets-a-release-date |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' rated the film with 3 out of 5 stars while,<ref>{{Cite web|title=மெல்லிசை- திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} Mellisai- Movie Review|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/mellisai-movie-review-807341|website=www.maalaimalar.com|date=2026-01-30|access-date=2026-01-31|language=ta|first=மாலை|last=மலர்|archive-date=30 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130163738/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/mellisai-movie-review-807341|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Dinamalar]]'' gave 2.75 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web|title=மெல்லிசை - விமர்சனம் {2.75/5} : மெல்லிசை - அட, இப்படிப்பட்ட அழகான குடும்ப கதைகளை பார்த்து எவ்வளவு நாளாச்சு? - Mellisai|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3720/Mellisai/|website=cinema.dinamalar.com|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt38496328}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mellisai}}
[[Category:2026 drama films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Guru (2007 film)

2026-03-23T10:29:02Z

Ajaymodi01: added info

{{Distinguish|text = two unrelated [[Mithun Chakraborty]] movies of the same name, [[Guru (1989 film)]] in Hindi and [[Guru (2003 film)]] in Bengali}}{{Short description|2007 film directed by Mani Ratnam}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guru
| image = Guruposter.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mani Ratnam]]
| producer = Mani Ratnam G. Srinivasan
| screenplay =Mani Ratnam
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{ubl | [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]]|[[Azhagam Perumal]] '''(Tamil)'''}}
}}
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Inspired by
| data1 = {{ubl | [[Dhirubhai Ambani]]}}
}}
| starring = [[Abhishek Bachchan]] [[Aishwarya Rai]] [[Mithun Chakraborty]] [[R. Madhavan]] [[Vidya Balan]]
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Rajiv Menon]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[Madras Talkies]]
| distributor = {{ubl|Madras Talkies [[Reliance Entertainment|Adlabs]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Adlabs to spin distribution network|website=[[The Economic Times]]|first=Meenakshi|last=Verma|date=24 April 2007 |access-date=16 September 2022|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/adlabs-to-spin-distribution-network/articleshow/1947196.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|01|12}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{₹|22 crore|link=yes}}<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=223|title=Guru – Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{₹|83.67 crore|link=yes}}<ref name="boxofficeindia.com"/>
}}

'''''Guru''''' ({{Translation|Teacher}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Hindi]]-language  [[drama film]] directed by [[Mani Ratnam]]. Produced by [[Madras Talkies]], the film stars [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[R. Madhavan]], and [[Vidya Balan]]. The score and soundtrack for the film were composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. The film was rumoured to be a [[Biographical film|biopic]] of the industrial tycoon [[Dhirubhai Ambani]], but Ratnam refuted the claims, clarifying it was a work of fiction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/guru-is-not-dhirubai-ambani-s-story/story-crGbYSssEaRqGDpQIQXcBO.html|title='Guru is not Dhirubai Ambani's story'|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=9 January 2007 |access-date=9 January 2007}}</ref>

The film was released on 12 January 2007 with its première at the [[Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres|Elgin Theatre]] in Toronto, Canada, on Thursday, 11 January 2007 by [[Roger Nair]], making it the first Indian film to have a mainstream international première in Canada. Roger Nair Productions acquired the rights for Canada and held a premiere with most of the cast and crew flown to Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[The Canadian Press]]|work=[[Toronto Star]]|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/01/11/thousands_attend_guru_premiere.html|title=Thousands attend 'Guru' premiere|date=11 January 2007|access-date=15 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Canada mayor invites 'Guru' crew for world premiere|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=37940|access-date=10 January 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220009/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=37940|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YouTube Channel|publisher=Saregam movies|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cc9pzVQvgs0}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref> The film was premiered in the Tous Les Cinemas du Monde (World Cinema) section of [[2007 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>[http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/features/article_1304644.php/Preview_Acceptance_in_Cannes_bestows_prestige_and_honour Preview: Acceptance in Cannes bestows prestige and honour] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930195151/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/movies/features/article_1304644.php/Preview_Acceptance_in_Cannes_bestows_prestige_and_honour |date=30 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=cannes2007&jump=features&id=2542&articleid=VR1117965596|title=Cannes, India celebrate 60 years}}</ref> The film had also been dubbed and released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with the same title while in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the title ''Gurukanth''.

== Plot ==
The beginning of the film is set in 1951 in the small village of [[Idar, Gujarat|Idar]] in [[Sabarkantha district]], northern [[Gujarat]], where a young man named Gurukant “Guru” Desai dreams of making it big someday. His father Kantilal, the headmaster of the village school, tells him not to dream and that dreams never come true. Guru decides to go to [[Turkey]] and enter the spice trade, followed by a blue-collar job with [[Burmah Shell]]; later, he is promoted but refuses the job, as he wants to work for himself.

Guru returns to his village and strikes up a partnership with Jignesh, his childhood friend. Guru marries Sujata, Jignesh’s older sister, mainly because of the dowry she brings him. Along with Sujata and Jignesh, Guru migrates to Bombay and starts trading in cloth. Gradually, he expands his business and sets up manufacturing units of his own under the name "Shakti Corporation." However, due to differing opinions, Jignesh ends his partnership with Guru. Jignesh also reveals Guru’s true intentions behind marrying Sujata, which puts a strain in their relationship. Sujata and Guru eventually patch up and develop a stronger bond.

"Nanaji" Manik Dasgupta, who publishes the newspaper "Swatantra" ("The Independent"), treats Guru as his son. Guru looks upon him as a father figure who supported him during his early days of struggle in Bombay. He also develops a strong friendship with Meenu, the granddaughter of Nanaji. Meenu develops [[multiple sclerosis]] as she grows up and begins using a wheelchair.

As Guru's business grows into one of the largest in India, he ruthlessly pursues success, engaging in activities such as smuggling machine parts for his polyester mills, illegally manufacturing goods, and manipulating stocks to make a higher profit. However, when Nanaji learns that Guru's means of success are not always honest, he, along with a reporter of his newspaper, Shyam Saxena, decides to expose Guru's increasingly corrupt ways. During this time, Sujata gives birth to twins, Disha and Drishti.

The stress of his battle with the newspaper causes Guru to have a [[stroke]], and he is paralysed on his right side. Meanwhile, Meenu, who is now married to Shyam, is slowly weakening from her illness and eventually dies. In the end, Guru is brought before a private government inquiry on 16 October 1980, to defend himself against the charges pressed against him. However, the next day before the verdict, he tells the judges and the press that he is an ordinary villager who doesn't even understand the meanings of excise duty, customs, and sales tax. All he knew was his business; however, the corrupt system made sure that a villager doesn't become a rich businessman. As a result, he had to indulge in corrupt practices by giving bribes or cower the bureaucrats and ministers. Realizing his intent and potential, and the corruption ridden in the system, the judges are forced to clear him of 27 of the 29 charges against him. He is charged with a fine of ₹6.3 million (equivalent to ₹100 million or US$1.6 million in 2016) and ₹96,000 (equivalent to ₹1.6 million or US$24,000 in 2016) for the respective two charges, which are proved, and is allowed to return to his company. The movie ends with Guru telling Shakti's shareholders that his father was proven wrong as he said dreams don't turn true, but they all are now a part of India's largest company. Guru asks them if they should stop. Shareholders refuse and resolve to be the largest company in the world instead.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] as Gurukant "Guru" Desai (based on [[Dhirubhai Ambani]])
* [[Aishwarya Rai]] as Sujata "Suju" Desai (based on Kokilaben Ambani)
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]] as "Nanaji" Manik Dasgupta (based on [[Ramnath Goenka]] and Pannalal Dasgupta)
* [[R. Madhavan]] as Shyam Saxena (based on [[Swaminathan Gurumurthy]])
* [[Vidya Balan]] as Meenakshi "Meenu" Saxena (née Dasgupta)
* [[Roshan Seth]] as Justice Thapar
* [[Mallika Sherawat]] in a guest appearance as Champa, the dancer in song "[[Mayya (song)|Mayya Mayya]]"
* [[Arya Babbar]] as Jignesh (based on Champaklal Damani)
* [[Arjan Bajwa]] as Arzan Contractor
* [[Rajendra Gupta]] as Guru's father Kantilal Desai
* [[Sarita Joshi]] as Guru's stepmother
* [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Sujata's father
* [[Sudhir Pandey]] as Mathura Das
* [[Neena Kulkarni]] as Tulsiben, Sujata's mother
* [[Prathap K. Pothan]] as K. R. Menon I.A.S.
* [[Darshan Jariwala]] as cashier Anand Palekar
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Chhagan, Guru's senior in Turkey
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as Ghanshyam Das
* [[Dhritiman Chatterjee]] as Contractor (based on [[Naval Tata]])
* [[Sanjay Swaraj]] as Guru's brother
* Anaushka Dantra and Ashoi Dantra as Disha Desai and Drishti Desai, Guru's twin daughters
* Sunil Agarwal as Ashok Agarwal
* Murad Ali
* Raviprakash as Bhanu Patel (in voice)
* Sunny Subramanian as Young Guru
* Mukesh S Bhatt as Ramlal
* [[T. M. Karthik]] as Doctor (uncredited)
{{Div col end}}

==Production==
''Guru'' was written and directed by [[Mani Ratnam]], while [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]] wrote the Hindi dialogues. Filming took place in [[Mumbai]], [[Madurai]], [[Turkey]], [[Badami]] and [[Melkote]] (both in [[Karnataka]]), as well as in [[Chennai]], [[Pollachi]], [[Chettinad]] region [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[Athirappilly]] in Kerala. Much of the film was shot on the Express Estates, the former home of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and ''[[Dinamani]]''. The music is composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], with lyrics by [[Gulzar (lyricist)|Gulzar]]. Cinematography for the film is handled by [[Rajiv Menon]].<ref name="report">{{cite web | title=Guru| work=Guru production | url=http://www.lionheartproduction.com}}</ref> Several scenes were deleted from the final theatrical version, including a scene in which Sujata first gives birth to a stillborn child and a scene in which Guru becomes angry with his wife for visiting Manik Dasgupta.

''Guru'' has others involved in the production as a film that is reflective of a man's desire for ambition and success, and how times have changed from the period immediately after the country's independence to the present. Some reports have speculated that this film is a biographical film of, one of India's biggest industrial tycoons, [[Dhirubhai Ambani]]. Like Guru, Ambani also had roots in Gujarat as the son of a schoolteacher, went abroad to work for the gas company Shell, and returned to India to import polyester.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/1/17/movies/16534800&sec=movies |title= Rags-to-riches story |access-date=27 February 2009 |last= Mukherjee |first= Krittivas}}</ref> Ratnam has described ''Guru'' as inspired by stories both past and present.

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Guru (soundtrack)}}

The soundtrack for this film is composed by A. R. Rahman. For his work in this film, A. R. Rahman received awards for Best Music Director and Best Background Score at the [[53rd Filmfare Awards]] as well as the [[9th IIFA Awards|9th IIFA awards]]. According to the Indian trade website ''[[Box Office India]]'', with around 11,50,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's twelfth highest-selling.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624132928/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-date=24 June 2010|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Box office===
''Guru'' opened well upon release, gaining momentum over time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian B.O.: 'Guru' strong in parts|work=IndiaFM|url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/business_talk/250.html|access-date=18 February 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224130127/http://www.indiafm.com/trade/business_talk/250.html|archive-date=24 February 2007}}</ref> In the United States, ''Guru,'' opening on a limited release, registered good collections in its opening weekend, fetching {{INR|3 [[crore]]}} during this period, with a high screen average.<ref>{{cite web|title=Overseas: 'Guru' is a smash hit|work=IndiaFM|url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/overseas_boxoffice/140.html|access-date=18 February 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204431/http://www.indiafm.com/trade/overseas_boxoffice/140.html|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> By its seventh week, the film had netted {{INR|41.65 crore}} in India,<ref>{{cite web|title=Domestic Box Office|work=IBOSNetwork|url=http://www.ibosnetwork.coml|access-date=18 February 2007}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> collecting {{INR|13 crore}} in the US and the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU=|title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (IND Rs)|access-date=22 May 2011|publisher=Box Office India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021202725/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D|archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Overseas: Realism bites the dust|work=IndiaFM|url=http://www.indiafm.com/trade/overseas_boxoffice/144.html|access-date=18 February 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423195520/http://www.indiafm.com/trade/overseas_boxoffice/144.html|archive-date=23 April 2007}}</ref> As of 23 February 2007, ''Guru'', having released 12 January, has grossed more than {{INR|83.67 crore}} across the world and was declared a "hit" at the box office.<ref name="boxofficeindia.com">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=223|title=Guru – Movie |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21086&zoneid=4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125184139/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/newsmanager/templates/template1.aspx?articleid=21086&zoneid=4|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Box Office: **The 2007 Box Office Report and Classifications**|publisher=IBOS|access-date=7 January 2008}}</ref> In the United States, it was a blockbuster.{{Citation needed|date=June 2015}}

===Critical reception===
''Guru'' received positive reviews from critics, with widespread praise for Abhishek Bachchan's performance. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|85|7.1|13|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/guru/ |title=Guru |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> {{Metacritic film prose|70|5|access-date=24 May 2025}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/guru/ |access-date=24 May 2025 |website=www.metacritic.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "''Guru'' ranks as one of Mani Ratnam's finest efforts and one of the best to come out of Hindi cinema,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/12838/index.html|access-date=17 January 2007|title=Guru| first=Taran|last=Adarsh|date=12 January 2007|publisher=IndiaFM}}</ref> and praised actors performances writing "Reserve all the awards for Bachchan. No two opinions on that! His performance in ''Guru'' is world class and without doubt. From a sharp teenager in Turkey to the biggest entrepreneur of the country, Bachchan handles the various shades his character demands with adroitness."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/12838/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125062403/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/12838/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2008 |title=Guru : Movie Review by Taran Adarsh |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=12 January 2007 |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' gave 3/4 stars and wrote "You might think it would be difficult to fashion an entertaining account of the life of a polyester manufacturer, even a fictitious one. But director Mani Ratnam has done so with ''Guru'', an epic paean to can-do spirit and Mumbai capitalism."<ref>{{cite news |title=Polyester and Power at Play for a Mogul and His India |author=Webster, Andy |work=The New York Times |url=http://movies2.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/movies/15guru.html |date=15 January 2007 |access-date=9 February 2007}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' gave 4/5 stars explaining "The beauty of Mani Ratnam's cinema is truly in its unpredictability. Few filmmakers can translate their personal vision onto screen the way Mani Ratnam can. So that's two thumbs up for Guru – it's a must-watch for all. Of the film's cast, Chakraborty playing the ruthless newspaper baron, deserves mention for the dignity which he brings to the part, one that's clearly inspired by ''Indian Express'' founder Ramnath Goenka. The actor in this film who truly blew my mind, is Rai. There is a silent grace, quiet nobility to her performance, which I have to admit I've never seen before. Of course, the film belongs to Bachchan, the protagonist, Guru himself. And in all honesty, Bachchan rises to the challenge like never before."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-thumbs-up-for-guru/top/31056-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015205240/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-thumbs-up-for-guru/top/31056-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2012 |title=Masand's Verdict: Guru | Reactions|publisher=IBNLive |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Weekly]]'' termed it as the best Hindi film since ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001)''.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1902491,001100030009.htm |access-date=17 January 2007 |title=Guru opens with a big bang in the U.S. |date=17 January 2007 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930040039/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1902491,001100030009.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' compared the film to [[Frank Capra]]'s ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' and said that one of the main highlights of the film was its climax. This Guru is more like a fine polyester. He further noted, "Ash's film eminence remains a mystery. No question she's pretty, but she's more an actress-model than a model-actress. In ''Guru'', she's mainly ornamentation".<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Corliss, Richard|title=''Guru'' – Review|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1578636-3,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210158/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1578636-3,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2007|date = 12 January 2007|magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=9 February 2007}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Ratnam and Bachchan Jr have given you a film that’s as close to life as say, business is to politics. For the discerning viewer, satisfaction is guaranteed. and some more. Rai is marvellous, handling complex scenes with grace and empathy. Above all, the enterprise belongs to Bachchan. He is astonishingly nuanced and unwaveringly forceful in his career-best performance after ''Yuva'' (2004)."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/REVIEW-Guru-Good-value-for-Mani/Article1-199345.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125122534/http://www.hindustantimes.com/REVIEW-Guru-Good-value-for-Mani/Article1-199345.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=REVIEW: Guru: Good value for Mani |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 July 2011 }}</ref>

Raja Sen of ''[[Rediff]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Guru'' is fuelled by a slew of strong performances. Bachchan owns the movie, forcing audiences to sit up straight as it begins and making us laugh and applaud as he carries on. He's impressive in every frame, as he ebulliently takes over an alien room by hopping onto a chair, or when he's trying to be ever so slightly slimy, polishing his spectacles and showing off his smarminess".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/12guru.htm |title=Watch Guru for the actors |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "''Guru'' is a film that enthralls you for most of its running time as it traces the life of the uncannily forward seeing bumpkin from Gujarat who turns every disadvantage into an advantage. With ''Guru'', Bachchan has finally learnt the nuances of the grammar of cinema, in what will very likely be his defining film".<ref>{{cite web|last=Mirani|first=Indu|title=When form and style merge|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_when-form-and-style-merge_1074089|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=7 July 2011|date=12 January 2007}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' gave the verdict "Very Good" and write "Mani Ratnam’s ''Guru'' is undoubtedly a gutsy and outstanding film. Outstanding performance is extracted from everyone in the cast."<ref name="Guru Tamil">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/guru-review-tamil-14368493.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826092619/http://www.sify.com/movies/guru-review-tamil-14368493.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2013 |title=Movie Review:Guru |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "''Guru'' is vintage Mani Ratnam. It encapsulates his characteristic canniness about human nature, specifically relationships. This is considered Abhishek Bachchan's role of a lifetime."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011900130200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122112202/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011900130200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2007 |title=Friday Review Chennai / Film Review : Tale of a dreamer admirably told – Guru |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' wrote "It is certainly one of the best Bollywood movies you will see. Performances attract admiration: Bachchan does a De Niro, piling on the dosas to show the ageing and overweight Guru and he is, surprisingly, impressive. Rai sheds her usual doe-eyed expressions and is endearing as the supportive but fiery wife, who looks and dances like an angel. Chakraborty and Tamil superstar Madhavan shine equally brightly in underwritten supporting roles".<ref>{{cite web|last=Sinanan|first=Anil|title=Guru Review|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/film_reviews/article1310866.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212085720/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/film_reviews/article1310866.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 February 2007|work=The Times|access-date=7 July 2011|date=1 February 2007}}</ref> Jaspreet Pandohar of ''[[BBC]]'' gave 3/5 and wrote "Ratnam's absorbing screenplay ensures that Guru rises above the usual rags to riches story, by weaving in meaty subplots involving the protagonist's complex relationships with his loyal wife (Rai), friends and foes".<ref>{{cite web|author=Jaspreet Pandohar |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/01/08/guru_2007_review.shtml |title=Movies – review – Guru |publisher=BBC |date=8 January 2007 |access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{{Main|List of accolades received by Guru (2007 film)}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 2007]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0499375|Guru}}
* {{mojo title|guru07|Guru}}

{{Madras Talkies}}
{{Mani Ratnam}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guru (2007 Film)}}
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films set in 1951]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Films set in 1980]]
[[Category:2007 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mani Ratnam]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2000s business films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madurai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Turkey]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Helsinki]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:2007 drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films produced by Mani Ratnam]]
[[Category:Madras Talkies films]]

Lok Bhavan, Hyderabad

2026-03-22T02:24:44Z

Ajaymodi01: made a article - done

{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Telangana}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Lok Bhavan ,Hyderabad
| native_name = రాజ్‌భవన్ ,హైదరాబాదు
| image =
| caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.418935|78.460159|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date = 1936
| number_of_rooms =
| current_tenants = [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]
| former_names = Raj Bhavan
| elevator_count =
| cost =
| floor_area =
| architect = Eric Marrett and Zain Yar Jung
| engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner = [[Government of Telangana]]
| size = {{convert|21.5|acre|ha|1}}
| operator =
| references = [http://governor.tsap.nic.in/RB-History.html History of Raj Bhavan, Hyderabad (Governor official website)]
}}
''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') is the [[official residence]] of the governor of Telangana Jishnu Dev Varma located in the city of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[India]]. It is located at [[Somajiguda]] adjacent to Hussain Sagar lake.

==History==
It was designed and constructed in 1936 by Eric Marrett and Zain Yar Jung, during the reign of the last [[Nizam|Nizam of Hyderabad]] [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]. The land area is about 21.50 acres (8.4 hectares).

The Nizam's Government acquired this estate of Nawab Shahzore Jung and Sayyad Akil Bilgrami for the official residence of the Prime Minister of the princely state of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]. The estate consisted of two older buildings at the place where the present Durbar Hall is located. These were pulled down to make room for the subsequent new structures.

The earliest occupant of the Durbar Hall building was [[Sir Akbar Hydari]], the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State from 1936 to 1941. But he stayed here for a short period and shifted his residence to an adjacent building which is now known as [[Dilkusha Guest House]].

Subsequent Prime Ministers to stay here were the Nawab of Chattari (1941-1946 and May–November 1947), Sir Mirza Ismail (August 1946 to May 1947), Sir Mehdi Yar Jung (November–December 1947) and Mir Laik Ali, President of the Council of Interim Government (1947–48).

==Shah Manzil==
Shah Manzil, one of the pre-1914 building in Raj bhavan estate, is an architectural landmark and currently used as the office of the Advisors to the Governor of Telangana.

==References==
* [http://governor.telangana.gov.in Official Website of the Governor of Telangana] Retrieved 1 Oct 2020.
* [http://164.100.166.62/TSRajBhavan/historyofrajbhavan.do History of Raj Bhavan, Hyderabad (Governor official Website)]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 1 Oct 2020.

{{Raj Bhavan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raj Bhavan}}
[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Heritage structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Telangana]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1936]]
[[Category:Palaces of Nizams of Hyderabad]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-struct-stub}}
{{India-gov-stub}}

Government Wards' Institute

2026-03-21T19:09:39Z

Ajaymodi01: Stub

{{Short description|Defunct school in Ambala}}
{{Use India English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| name =
| city = [[Ambala]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| country = [[India]]
| fundingtype = [[Private School|Private]]
| established = 1864
| closed = 1887
| gender = [[Single-sex education|Boys]]
}}

'''Government Wards' Institute''' (or '''Wards’ School''') was a [[Private school|private]] [[boarding school]] located in [[Ambala]], [[Haryana]], [[India]].

==History==
Mr. Tighe, [[Deputy commissioner|Deputy Commissioner]] of [[Ambala]], proposed to [[Donald Friell McLeod|Donald McLeod]], the then [[Lieutenant governor|Lieutenant Governor]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], that an institution be established for the good education of the young [[Sardar|Sardars]] who were under his charge as [[wards of court]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Indian_Magazine/YUNBAQAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Magazine |date=1887 |publisher=National Indian Association in Aid of Social Progress and Education in India. |pages=5–6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Donald Friell McLeod|Donald McLeod]] warmly supported the idea, and accordingly, Wards’ School was founded in 1866.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="archive">{{Cite book |last=Punjab Government |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.115692 |title=Gazetteers Of Ambala District, 1883-84 |date=1884 |pages=62–63}}</ref> It was originally intended for the sons of [[Sardar|Sardars]] of [[Ambala]], and was later opened to the sons of Indian gentlemen of good social position from all provinces.<ref name="archive"/><ref name="google">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gazetteer_of_the_Ambala_District/mJsIAAAAQAAJ |title=Gazetteer of the Ambala District: 1883 |date=1883 |pages=76j–76k |language=en}}</ref> Due to a variety of reasons, the school never became popular and was unable to justify the very purpose for which it was established.<ref name="google2">{{Cite book |last=Ava |first=Frederick Temple Blackwood Marquis of Dufferin and |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Speeches_Delivered_in_India_1884_8/5upBAAAAIAAJ |title=Speeches Delivered in India, 1884-8 |date=1890 |publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street |pages=122 |language=en}}</ref> Some of these reasons were the expense involved, and the strong reluctance shown by parents to send their children far from home.<ref name="archive2">{{Cite book |last=Punjab Government |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105588 |title=Gazetteer For The Hydarabad Ambala District |date=1883 |pages=62–63}}</ref> It was therefore decided that it should be shifted to [[Lahore]] under improved conditions, in the form of [[Aitchison College]].<ref name="google2" /> The school was finally closed in 1887.<ref>{{Cite book |last=S.P. Dheer |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2863 |title=Haryana District Gazetteers: Ambala |date=1984 |publisher=Chandigarh, Revenue Department |pages=282–283}}</ref>

==Administration==
The [[Commissioner]] and [[Deputy commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]] of [[Ambala]] supervised the management of the school.<ref name="archive2"/> A superintendent was in charge of each pupil's household, personal expenses, and education, and was assisted by the masters in the schoolroom.<ref name="archive2"/> Pupils’ examinations were conducted annually under the supervision of the Inspector of Schools for the Ambala Circle, who would afterwards submit his report to the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Government of Punjab]].<ref name="archive2"/>

== Curriculum ==
The school provided education in [[English language|English]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], history, geography, mathematics, and several other subjects.<ref name="google" /> It also paid special attention to games and outdoor exercises of every description.<ref name="google" />

== Boarding ==
The pupils lived in the school compound and each had their own separate establishment.<ref name="google"/> They had a month-long vacation during the hot weather, a fortnight off at [[Christmas]], and holidays were also given on locally significant occasions.<ref name="google"/>

== Fees ==
The fees paid by the pupils varied according to circumstances, but for wards and minors of [[Ambala]], the rate was 12 per cent of their incomes.<ref name="archive2"/>

==Alumni==
The following are some of the school’s alumni.

* Sardar Jiwan Singh of Shahzadpur<ref>{{Cite book |last=Massy |first=Charles Francis |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chiefs_and_Families_of_Note_in_the_Dehli/01UoAAAAYAAJ |title=Chiefs and Families of Note in the Dehli [sic], Jalandhar, Peshawar and Derajat Divisions of the Panjab |date=1890 |publisher=Printed at the Pioneer Press |pages=229–230 |language=en}}</ref>
* Sardar Narindar Singh<ref>{{Cite book |last=Charles Massy |url=http://archive.org/details/ThePunjabChiefs |title=The Punjab Chiefs |pages=20}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Aitchison College]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1864]]
[[Category:Educational institutions disestablished in 1887]]
[[Category:Defunct schools in India]]
[[Category:Ambala]]
[[Category:Schools in Haryana]]

Mohit Kumar (actor)

2026-03-15T02:28:41Z

Ajaymodi01: made bio - done

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohit Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|1995|7|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bhiwani]], [[Haryana]], India
| alma_mater = Institute of Technology and Sciences, Bhiwani
| occupation = Actor, model
| years_active = 2020–present
| notable_works = ''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2]]'' ''[[Sab Satrangi]]'' ''[[Vanshaj]]''
}}
'''Mohit Kumar''' (born 21 July 1995) is an Indian television actor and model who works predominantly in [[Hindi]] television. He is best known for his portrayal of Major Shravan Malhotra in ''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2]]'',<ref name=":1" /> Mankamneshwar<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2021-12-21 |title=Mohit Kumar to play the lead in upcoming show 'Sab Satrangi' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mohit-kumar-to-play-the-lead-in-upcoming-show-sab-satrangi/articleshow/88407909.cms |access-date=2023-11-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-10 |title=I am 27 and I can't look 35 whatever I do: Mohit Kumar on losing out on some roles |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-27-and-i-cant-look-35-whatever-i-do-mohit-kumar-on-losing-out-on-some-roles/articleshow/88811441.cms |access-date=2023-11-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in ''[[Sab Satrangi]]'' and notably as Neil Bharadwaj, the male lead.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-06-23 |title=Mohit Kumar to play rebellious son in television show 'Vanshaj' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mohit-kumar-to-play-rebellious-son-in-television-show-vanshaj/articleshow/101210956.cms |access-date=2023-11-10 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in ''[[Vanshaj]]''.<ref name=":2" /> He has also actively worked in web series, with the most recent one titled ''Wrong Number Reboot'', starring alongside [[Kanikka Kapur]].

== Career ==

Mohit made his television debut in 2020 with [[Sony Television|Sony TV]] 's ''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2]]'' where he portrayed the role of Major Shravan Malhotra opposite [[Kanikka Kapur]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2019-11-27 |title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2: Mohit Kumar & Kanikka Kapur To Play LEADS, Shoot Starts In Bhopal |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-mohit-kumar-kanikka-kapur-to-play-leads-shoots-begins-pic-1114875 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Luck has played a major role in my career: Mohit Kumar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/luck-has-played-a-major-role-in-my-career-mohit-kumar-101642081499866.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

In 2020, he portrayed Mankamneshwar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Kumar says he was destined to play Manu on Sab Satrangi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/mohit-kumar-says-he-was-destined-to-play-manu-on-sab-satrangi-1901536-2022-01-18 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> in [[Sony SAB]] 's ''[[Sab Satrangi]]''.

From June 2023 to August 2024, he portrayed the character of Neil Bharadwaj in [[Sony SAB]] 's ''[[Vanshaj]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohit Kumar joins the cast of Vanshaj |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/mohit-kumar-joins-the-cast-of-sony-sabs-vanshaj-520123|website=Tribune India}}</ref> opposite [[Anjali Tatrari]].

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Serial
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2]]''
|Major Shravan Malhotra
|Debut show Lead role
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |title=Mohit Kumar & Kanika Kapoor to play lead in 'Ek Duje Ke Vaaste' Season-2 |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-mohit-kumar-kanika-kapoor-to-play-lead-in-ek-duje-ke-vaaste-season-2-1114910 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Sab Satrangi]]''
|Mankamneshwar Maurya
|Lead Role
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2023–2024
|''[[Vanshaj]]''
|Neel Bharadwaj
|Lead Role
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=Mohit Kumar roped in for television show 'Vanshaj' |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/mohit-kumar-roped-television-show-vanshaj-202238 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Webseries
!Role
!Platform
!Ref.
|-
|2022
|''The Diwali Proposal''
|Vicky
|rowspan="8"| [[YouTube]]
|
|-
|2022
|''Sarkari Shaadi''
|Mayank
|
|-
|2023
|''When English Medium & Hindi Medium Are Neighbours''
|Kishan
|
|-
|rowspan ="5"| 2024
|''When Introvert Dates Extrovert''
|Prateek
|
|-
|''When Doctor & Dentist are Neighbours''
|Armaan
|
|-
|''North Indian & South Indian Are Colleagues''
|Prakash
|
|-
|''When Alpha Male & Feminist Girl Are Neighbours''
|Ranjit
|
|-
|''Wrong Number Reboot''
|Mihir
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Ref.
|-
|2021
|''Pyar Karke''
|Aishwarya Pandit
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Listen To Latest Hindi Song Music 'Pyar Karke' Sung By Aishwarya Pandit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/listen-to-latest-hindi-song-music-pyar-karke-sung-by-aishwarya-pandit/videoshow/99813382.cms |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Kitna Haseen Hai Yeh Sama''
|G. Srinivas
|
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|11364696}}
* [https://instagram.com/mohitkumarofficial Mohit Kumar] at Instagram

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohit Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:1995 births]]

Kundalpur, Madhya Pradesh

2026-03-14T12:17:27Z

Ajaymodi01: made post.

{{short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{about|a town in Damoh district, Madhya Pradesh|the village in Nalanda district, Bihar|Kundalpur, Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox religious building
| native_name =
| name = Kundalpur Atishay Kshetra, Kundalgiri
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| image = Temples kundalpur.JPG
| alt = Kundalpur
| caption = Jain Temples near Vardhman Lake Kundalpur
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| map_alt = Kundalpur
| coordinates = {{coord|23.984944|N|79.719957|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Damoh district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha]]
| festivals = [[Mahavir Janma Kalyanak]]
| temple_quantity = 63
| established = 8th century
| completed = 10th century
| governing_body = Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri Prabandhakarini Samiti
| website = {{url|https://www.shreebadebaba.com}}
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Kundalpur''' is a town located in [[Damoh district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Located {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=off}} northeast of the city of [[Damoh]], Kundalpur is a pilgrimage site for Digambar [[Jainism|Jains]].{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}{{Sfn|von Glasenapp|1925|p=56}}{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}}{{Sfn|Russell|2018|p=399}}

==Location==
Nearby cities include [[Damoh]] {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=off}}, [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] {{convert|113|km|mi|abbr=off}}, and [[Jabalpur]] {{convert|143|km|mi|abbr=off}}. The nearest railway station is located at Damoh, and the nearest airport is [[Jabalpur Airport]].

==Annual fair==
The Kundalpur Fair takes place in the month of March, beginning with the annual gathering of Jains, immediately after the [[Holi|Festival of Colours]], and lasts for two weeks. {{Sfn|Hunter|1881|p=30}}{{Sfn|Grant|1870|p=249}}

==Architecture==
{{see|Bade Baba temple}}

There is a large statue of [[Rishabhanatha]] (also known as ''"Bade Baba"'' and ''"Adinath"'') on top of the hill in Kundalpur. The statue, seated in the [[lotus position]], is 15 feet in height and is on a 3-foot high pedestal.<ref>Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kundalgiri, The Jaina Gazette, Vol. XLV, Number 9, September 1948, p. 94, http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=77613</ref> It is flanked on both sides by [[Parshvanatha]] images of the same height. The statue was incorrectly identified in 1878 by [[Joseph David Beglar]], who noted the inscription mounted on the wall, as of [[Neminatha]].{{Sfn|Beglar|1878|p=30}} The statue was again incorrectly identified in 1884 by [[Alexander Cunningham]] as an image of [[Mahavira]].{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}} [[Niraj Jain]] established that the statue is in fact of Rishabhanatha.<ref>Niraj Jain, Kundalpur, Anekanta, April 1964, page 43.</ref> This is also the place of salvation of the last Kevali, named Shridhar Kevali.<ref>Jagannmohanlal Shastri, Anekanta, December 1967, page. 194.</ref> Photographs of the ''Bade Baba'' statue have been widely used in many publications, calendars, and posters.

Among all the temples of Kundalpur, the most famous is the [[Bade Baba temple]], with Rishabhanatha (affectionately termed "Bade Baba") as the principal deity. Another temple — called ''Jal Mandir'' — is situated in the middle of Vardhamana pond, at the foot of the hill. A [[Samavasarana|Samosharana temple]] was built that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the ''[[parinirvana]]'' of Lord Mahavira in 1974. A [[manastambha]] in the center of the [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharmashala]] was constructed in 1975.

==History==
According to Alexander Cunningham, in 1884 there were 20 temples on the hill and 30 temples at the foot of the hill near the pond known as "Vardhamana Talao".{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}} The temples are square blocks with dome roofs and pinnacles of different sizes.{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=125}}

The original [[Bade Baba temple]], estimated to date from the 6th century CE, was the oldest temple at Kundalpur. It included smaller shrines and temples, and was enclosed within a fortified compound with tall rubble masonry walls on top of the hill. The main garbhagrih contained the Bade Baba pratima which along with its parikar (including the Parshvanth images) occupied the entire back wall.<ref>Dr. Sudha Malaiya, कुंडलपुर बड़ेबाबा आदिनाथ का, 2018, p. 155</ref> According to an inscription in the temple,<ref>Y.K. Malaiya, "Kundalpur's Past Three Centuries," Arhat Vacan, Vol. 13, no. 3-4, 2001 pp. 5-13</ref> the temple was renovated by the disciples of [[Bhattaraka]] Surendrakirti, with assistance from [[Bundela]] ruler [[Chhatrasal]].<ref>Thakurdas Bhagavandas Javeri, Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Directory, 1914</ref> The 4th line of the inscription — which is dated 31 December 1700 CE — mentions the name of [[Mahavira]], and line 8 mentions the terms ''Jina Marga'' (the "path to liberation") and ''[[Dharma (Jainism)|Jinadharma]]''.{{Sfn|Alexander Cunningham|1885|pages=166-7}}

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
File:Photo of lord adinath bhagwan at kundalpur.JPG|Famous 15 feet Image of "Bade Baba" (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur
File:Badebabmural shahpur.jpg|A mural at Shahpur representing the Bade Baba pratima with parikar in the old temple (center)
File:Jain temple, Kudalpur.jpg|Temple below hill, 19th century.
File:Samavasarana Jain temple, Kundalpur.jpg|[[Samavasarana]] temple, 1974 AD
File:Kundalpur lake.jpg|Jain temples near Vardhmansagar lake, 19th CE. Bhagbali Pande temple of 18th CE at the hill top.
File:Kundalpur Jain hill temple gate.jpg|Temple enclosure wall and gate constructed using rubble stone masonry<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schildkamp |first1=Martijn |last2=Silvestri |first2=Stefano |last3=Araki |first3=Yoshikazu |title=Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide |journal=Frontiers in Built Environment |date=2020 |volume=6 |doi=10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520 |issn=2297-3362|doi-access=free }}</ref> with native [[teak]] trees
File:Jain lake shrine, Kundalpur (cropped).jpg|Jain shrine inside Kundalpur lake
File:Kundalpurmuralkatni.jpg|Glass mural with a traditional representation of Kundalpur in a Jain Temple [[Katni]]
File:KundalpurPlanned.jpg|Planned new Bade Baba temple on a poster. The design has since been revised.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{commons}}
{{Portal|Religion}}
* [[Jainism in Bundelkhand]]
* [[Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{Citation | last=Beglar | first=J. D. | author-link=Joseph David Beglar | title=Report of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Malwa, 1871-72, and in the Central Provinces, 1873-74 | volume=7 | url={{Google books|Qc8OAAAAQAAJ|page=58|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing | date=1878 }}
* {{Citation|last=Cunningham|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|title=Reports of a Tour in Bundelkhand and Rewa in 1883-84; and of a Tour in Rewa, Bundelkhand, Malwa, and Gwalior, in 1884-85|volume=21|publisher=Superintendent of Government printing|location=Calcutta|year=1885|url={{Google books|77bXjlFSBKMC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|ref={{SfnRef|Alexander Cunningham|1885}}}}
* {{Citation | last=Grant | first=Charles | title=The Gazetteer of the Central Provinces of India | url={{Google books|SJwIAAAAQAAJ|page=249|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Printed at the Education society's Press, Bombay | date=1870 }}
* {{Citation | last=Hunter | first=William Wilson | author-link=William Wilson Hunter | title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India | url={{Google books|Q4kIAAAAQAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=[[Trübner & Company]] | date=1881 }}
* {{Citation | last=Russell | first=Robert Vane Russell | title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India | volume=1 | url={{Google books|HZ9oDwAAQBAJ|page=399|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=Litres | date=2018 | isbn=9785041271084 }}
* {{citation | last1=Titze | first1=Kurt| last2=Bruhn | first2= Klaus| title=Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-Violence | url={{Google books|loQkEIf8z5wC|page=125|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | edition=2 | date=1998 | isbn=81-208-1534-3 }}
* {{citation |last=von Glasenapp |first=Helmuth |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |others=Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.) |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion |url={{Google books|WzEzXDk0v6sC|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] (Reprint: 1999) |year=1925| location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-1376-2 }}
* {{cite news | last=Garg | first=Awkash | url=https://www.patrika.com/mp-religion-spirituality/acharya-vidhyasagar-ji-prawachan-in-kundalpur-mahamastabhishek-1315561 | title=Acharya Vidhyasagarji prawachan in Kundalpur Mahamastabhishek |access-date=10 March 2021 | work=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] | language=hindi | ref={{SfnRef|Vidhyasagarji in Kundalpur}} }}
* {{cite news | last=Garg | first=Awkash | url=https://www.patrika.com/damoh-news/read-the-amazing-miracle-of-bade-baba-when-thousand-of-kg-statue-become-like-a-flower-1314928/ | title=यहां हजारों किलो की मूर्ति हो गई थी फूल सी हलकी, जानें बड़े बाबा का अद्भुत चमत्कार | date=4 June 2016 | work=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hindi |access-date=10 March 2021}}
* {{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Widush |title=हिंदी खबर, Latest News in Hindi, हिंदी समाचार, ताजा खबर |url=https://www.patrika.com/damoh-news/kundalpur-temple-built-by-the-inspiration-of-acharya-shri-vidyasagar-maharaj-1610770/ |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=Patrika News |date=28 June 2017 |language=hindi}}

{{Jain temples}}
{{Jainism Topics}}

[[Category:Damoh district]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:10th-century Jain temples]]

Seetharama Raju

2026-03-12T07:49:15Z

Ajaymodi01: small changes

{{short description|1999 Indian Telugu drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Seetharama Raju
| image = Seetharama Raju.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]]
| producer = [[Nagarjuna Akkineni|Nagarjuna]], D. Sivaprasad Reddy
| writer = [[Posani Krishna Murali]] {{small|'''(Dialogues)'''}}
| story = Y. V. S. Chowdary
| screenplay = Y. V. S. Chowdary
| starring = [[Nandamuri Harikrishna|Harikrishna]] [[Nagarjuna Akkineni|Nagarjuna]] [[Sakshi Shivanand]] [[Sanghavi]] [[Ravi Teja]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = K. Rajendra Prasad
| editing = Shankar
| distributor = Great India Entertainments [[Kamakshi Movies]]
| released = {{Film date|1999|02|05|df=y}}
| runtime = 166 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Seetharama Raju''''' is a 1999 Indian [[Telugu-language]] [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]]. Produced by [[Nagarjuna Akkineni|Nagarjuna]], and D. Sivaprasad Reddy, it stars [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]], [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna Akkineni]], [[Sakshi Shivanand]], and [[Sanghavi]] with music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Feb/12-feb-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913150220/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Feb/12-feb-1999.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |language=te}}</ref> The film won two state [[Nandi Awards]].

== Plot ==
To Be Updated

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nagarjuna Akkineni|Nagarjuna]] as Ramaraju
* [[Nandamuri Harikrishna|Harikrishna]] as Seetayya
* [[Sakshi Shivanand]] as Satya
* [[Sanghavi]] as Gowri
* [[Ravi Teja]] as Seenu
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Raghava Raju
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Basavaraju
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Basavaraju's uncle
* [[Prasad Babu]] as Intelligence Officer Prasad
* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Chinna
* [[Brahmaji]] as Chandu
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as S. I. Prabhakar
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] as Sivaji
* [[Sameer Hasan|Sameer]] as Suri
* Vivekvasu as Kumar
* [[Ilavarasi|Kalpana]] as Lakshmi
* Rajitha
* Apoorva
* Aparnna
* Santhoshini
* [[Manya (actress)|Manya]] as Suma
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Basavaraju's grandmother
* Master Raghu Chaitanya as Nani
}}

==Production==
The film saw Nagarjuna and Harikrishna acting together for first time. The film's launch saw the families of Akkineni Nageswara Rao and N. T. Rama Rao attending the event with Nageswara Rao slapping the clapboard and his wife Annapurna switched on the camera for the first shot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Art imitates life |url=http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/studio20.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990418100128/http://www.andhraonline.com/archives/tollywood/studio20.htm |archive-date=18 April 1999 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Andhra Online}}</ref> Some scenes were shot at a bungalow situated at Banjara Palace, Begumpet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/oct09/index.htm|last=Prakash|first=BVS|title=Nagarjuna, Harikrishna teamed|website=Express India|access-date=25 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990902160254/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/oct09/index.htm|archive-date=2 September 1999}}</ref> A village set was erected at Gandhipet.<ref>{{cite web|website=Express India|access-date=26 August 2025|title=Sitaramaraju - Nagarjuna's next on Feb 14|url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/dec11/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000502151613/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/dec11/index.htm|archive-date=2 May 2000|date=11 December 1998}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Seetharama Raju
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1999
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 37:50
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = M. M. Keeravani
| prev_title = [[Sri Sita Ramula Kalyanam Chootamu Raarandi]]
| prev_year = 1998
| next_title = [[Alludugaaru Vachcharu]]
| next_year = 1999
}}
The music was composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. Lyrics were written by [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]. Music was released on ADITYA Music Company.
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 37:50
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =

| title1 = Changure Changure
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[M. M. Keeravani]], Radhika, Sarada
| length1 = 5:16

| title2 = Sreevaru Doragaaru
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length2 = 6:13

| title3 = Ekaseka Tatta
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. M. Keeravani, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 5:15

| title4 = Ecstacy Privacy
| extra4 = M. M. Keeravani, Chitra
| length4 = 5:55

| title5 = Kundanapu Bommaki
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, M. M. Keeravani, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length5 = 4:52

| title6 = Uyalala Uyalala
| extra6 = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| length6 = 5:01

| title7 = Vinudu Vinudu
| extra7 = [[Nagarjuna Akkineni]], M. M. Srivalli
| length7 = 2:07
}}

==Reception==
Jayalakshmi K. of ''Deccan Herald'' wrote "While Posani Krishnamurali has woven a script that brims with revenge and retribution, lacing it also with a few drops of sentiment, director Y V S Choudhary succeeds in balancing the star images of both Nagarjuna and Harikrishna".<ref>{{Cite news |last=P |first=Rakesh |date=14 February 1999 |title=Sitaramaraju (Telugu) |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/6DAFFE93F21EFCB765256941003DC8B0 |url-status=dead |access-date=25 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213235753/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/6DAFFE93F21EFCB765256941003DC8B0 |archive-date=13 February 2009}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
;[[Nandi Awards|Nandi Awards-1999]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2010|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|access-date=9 January 2021|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|language=te}}</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actress|Best Character Actress]] - [[Nirmalamma]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Makeup Artist|Best Makeup Artist]] - Ramachandra Rao

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{YVS Chowdary}}
{{Nagarjuna (actor)}}

[[Category:1999 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s masala films]]
[[Category:1999 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1999 action drama films]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:Films about feuds]]
[[Category:Films directed by Y. V. S. Chowdary]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

HMIS Baroda

2026-03-09T21:54:54Z

Ajaymodi01: made article.

{{Short description|Minesweeper of the Royal Indian Navy}}
{{Infobox ship
|infobox_caption=
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_size=
|image_caption=
|image_alt=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country= India
|flag= {{shipboxflag| British India| naval-1928}}
|name= ''Baroda''
|owner= [[Royal Indian Navy]]
|namesake= [[Vadodara|Baroda]], city in [[Gujarat]]
|ordered= 29 July 1940
|builder= Shalimar Engineering and Shipbuilding ([[Seebpore]])
|laid_down= 28 October 1940
|launched= 22 October 1941
|acquired=
|commissioned= December 1942
|decommissioned= 1946
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|stricken=
|reinstated=
|honours=
|honors=
|fate=Transferred 1948, to Pakistan
|notes=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption= <ref>{{Cite book|last=Conway|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 (1980)|year=1980 |isbn=0-85177-146-7}}</ref>
|class={{sclass|Basset|trawler|0}} [[naval trawler]]
|displacement={{convert|521|LT|t|0}}
|length={{convert|160|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|beam={{convert|27|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}
|draught={{convert|10|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)
|draft=
|propulsion=1 triple expansion [[reciprocating engine]], 1 shaft, {{convert|850|ihp|0|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|12.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}
|range=
|complement=33 (RIN 48)
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*1 × [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder]] gun,
*or, 1 x [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|4in]] gun
*4 × [[depth charge]]s
|armour=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''HMIS ''Baroda''''' (T249) was a {{sclass|Basset|trawler|0}} minesweeping trawler of the [[Royal Indian Navy]], one of twenty-two built during the [[Second World War]], and the second HMIS vessel produced within India.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=D. J. E. |title=The Royal Indian Navy 1939-1945 |date=1964 |page=112 |url=https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/RIN/RIN-7.html |access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref> She was laid down in October 1940, and launched in October 1941, serving until 1948 when she was transferred to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |title=HMIS Baroda |url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/7986.html |website=Uboat.net |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baroda}}
[[Category:Mine warfare vessels of the Royal Indian Navy]]
[[Category:World War II minesweepers of India]]
[[Category:1941 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

{{Mil-ship-stub}}

Dolly Kikon

2026-03-07T12:12:32Z

Ajaymodi01: Article

{{short description|Naga Anthropologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix = [[Professor]]
| name = Dolly Kikon
| image = Dolly Kikon in Guwahati.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1975}}
| birth_place = [[Dimapur]]
| citizenship = Indian
| spouse = [[Sanjay Barbora]]
| alma_mater = [[Stanford University]], [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]], [[University of Delhi]]
| discipline = [[Anthropology]]
| sub_discipline = [[Development studies]]
| main_interests = [[Gender]], [[Anthropology of the State]], [[Citizenship]], Human Rights, [[Human migration|migration]], [[Resource conflicts]], [[Food Studies]]
| website = www.dollykikon.com
}}

'''Dolly Kikon''' is an Indigenous [[anthropologist]] and author from [[Nagaland]], India. She is a Professor at the Department of Anthropology, [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]. She was previously Associate Professor of Anthropology at the [[University of Melbourne]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/774007-dolly-kikon|title = Dr Dolly Kikon}}</ref> and a senior research advisor at the Australia India Institute, engaging in research and policy initiatives between India and Australia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.morungexpress.com/social-relations-are-based-respect-equality-and-partnerships-dolly-kikon|title=Social relations are based on respect, equality and partnerships: Dolly Kikon|last=Krocha|first=Vishü Rita|date=9 January 2020|work=The Morung Express|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> She serves on the Council of Advisors for The India Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/council-advisors|title=The Council of Advisors|date=25 February 2019|website=The India Forum|language=en|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

== Education ==
In 1997, Kikon received her B.A. (History Honours) from [[Miranda House]] College, [[University of Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=K.B |first=Pragati |date=6 November 2020 |title=Oppressive hierarchies in India are reiterated through everyday mundane experiences like food |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/politics-on-my-plate-anthropologist-dolly-kikon-examines-the-politics-of-food/article33038386.ece |access-date=30 August 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In 2001, she completed her LL.B from the Campus Law Center at the University of Delhi. She moved to [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]] for her M. Phil. Her dissertation was titled ''Compromised democracy and the politics of participation: a case study of the Naga people from Northeast India'' (2002–2004). The thesis examined the Naga people's participation in Indian electoral system, development initiatives by Indian security forces and the Indo-Naga ceasefire negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-5543|title=Compromised democracy and the politics of participation : a case study of the Naga people from Northeast India|last=Kikon|first=Dolly|year=2004|website=repository.ust.hk|language=English|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref>

She obtained her doctoral degree in social and cultural anthropology from [[Stanford University]] in 2013.<ref name=":0" /> Titled, ''Disturbed Areas Act: Anxiety, Intimacy and the State in Northeast India'', her dissertation looked into the "state-making processes in contemporary India... and the many unheralded, though significant ways in which people in the foothills transgress and embrace the cultural and political roles ascribed to them by the modern state."<ref>{{Cite thesis|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10221163|title=Disturbed area acts anxiety, intimacy, and the state in Northeast India /|last=Kikon|first=Dolly|year=2013}}</ref> During the doctoral studies, she received the [[Wenner Gren Foundation|Wenner-Gren Foundation]]'s Dissertation Fieldwork Grant,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wennergren.org/grantees/kikon-dolly-0|title=Kikon, Dolly {{!}} The Wenner-Gren Foundation|website=www.wennergren.org|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> the Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate Fellowship, the Center for South Asia Community Service Fellowship (Stanford University) and the Mellon Foundation Dissertation Fellowship.

== Career ==
In 2024, Kikon joined UCSC's Anthropology department as a professor and senate faculty.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apo.ucsc.edu/advancement/forms/docs/web-new-hires-rept.pdf | title=Forms – Academic Personnel }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Senate Faculty |url=https://anthro.ucsc.edu/faculty/index.php?uid=dkikon |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=anthro.ucsc.edu}}</ref> Since 2024, Kikon is also the director of UCSC's Center for South Asian Studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty {{!}} CSAS |url=https://csas.ucsc.edu/faculty/ |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=csas.ucsc.edu}}</ref>

== Anthropology of food ==
Kikon's work on food navigates through landscapes of hills, valleys and foothills in Northeast India, and challenges the existing notions of sovereignty limited to territoriality. The layered articulation of food and the sensory perceptions attached to it challenge anthropological understanding of indigenous food. Therefore, significantly, her work revolves around indigenous food and fermentation as a technique for preservation.

Her article, ''Tasty Transgression: Food and Social Boundaries in the Foothills of Northeast India,'' questions the sensory perception of classifying the taste of food as belonging either to the hills or the plains. Through her fieldwork, she points out that this distinction falls apart at landscapes classified as foothills, the geography that situates itself between the two. Farming practices at the foothills transgress social structures and taboos attributes exclusively to societies either in the hills or the valleys.

In her article, ''Fermenting Modernity: Putting Akhuni on the Nation’s Table in India'', she points out that cultures of reciprocity and eating in Northeast India are integral in order to challenge existing notions of sovereignty as a political project limited to territoriality. Speaking through ''akhuni'' – fermented Naga soya beans – she reiterates that everyday practices of eating are entangled with social relationships and histories of sharing and loss.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kikon|first=Dolly|date=3 April 2015|title=Fermenting Modernity: Putting Akhuni on the Nation's Table in India|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies|volume=38|issue=2|pages=320–335|doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1031936|s2cid=143402129|issn=0085-6401}}</ref>

==Gender studies==

===Women's Reservation in Nagaland===
Kikon has been a vocal supporter for [[Women's Reservation in Nagaland]]. After the Supreme Court directive to implement reserved seats for Urban Local Bodies' election, protests erupted in Dimapur and Kohima which soon spread across the state. Kikon along with other women started a petition appealing to the Naga community and governments to 'recognise the importance of a gender inclusive political participation.'<ref name="theindianweekly.com.au">{{cite web |last=Laishram |first=Indira |date=24 May 2017 |title=Crusade against Patriarchy |url=https://www.theindianweekly.com.au/featured/crusade-against-patriarchy/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=The Indian Weekly}}</ref> She points out that the exclusion of women from powerful decision-making bodies formed under the customary law negates the notion that these institutions are pillars of justice."<ref name="theindianweekly.com.au"/> The iteration of Naga culture as pure and unique has come to be contested in the ongoing debate about women’s rights.<ref name="opendemocracy.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/nagaland-fight-for-women-quota/|title=Nagaland and the fight for a women's quota}}</ref> She also draws parallels between the Indian state and the customary law institutions for "excluding the Naga women from all spheres of representative political processes."<ref name="theindianweekly.com.au"/> She challenges the view that Naga women's assertions for gender justice is ‘anti-Naga’.<ref name="opendemocracy.net"/>

== Migration studies ==
Kikon was granted the ''Riksbankens Jubileumsfond'' Postdoctoral Fellowship at Stockholm University (2013–15) for "The Indian Underbelly: Marginalisation, Migration and State in the Periphery."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.socant.su.se/english/research/our-researchers/bengt-g-karlsson|title=Bengt G. Karlsson – Department of Social Anthropology|website=socant.su.se|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> This work traced the increasing outmigration from Northeast India to the rest of the country. Focusing on migration, it examined the expansion and outcomes of developmental activities of the Indian state in areas associated with economic backwardness, subsistence agriculture and armed conflict.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.boell.org/en/person/dolly-kikon|title=Dolly Kikon {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung {{!}} India Office|website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung|date=19 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> Kikon and Karlsson define 'wayfinding' as a "voyage without a map or beaten paths or pathways to follow and with no clear destination or end station". In the process of wayfinding, young indigenous migrations struggle to make out what and where home is. As they move out of agricultural activities, they are constantly in search out new places and possibilities creating cultural fissures at various levels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.socant.su.se/wayfinding/wayfinding-1.307626|title=WAYFINDING – Socialantropologiska institutionen|website=socant.su.se|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

Part of the project, Kikon and [[Bengt G. Karlsson]] also collaborated with Andrzej Markiewicz on a photoethnography project titled, ''Wayfinding.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.socant.su.se/wayfinding|title=Wayfinding – Socialantropologiska institutionen|website=socant.su.se|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref> The project was exhibited in Guwahati, Dimapur, Gangtok, Kathmandu, and Stockholm.

== Human rights advocacy ==
Kikon worked as a lawyer in the [[Supreme Court of India]] and the [[Gauhati High Court]] between 2001 and 2002. Her legal advocacy work dealt with Article 371 (A), a constitutional provision relating to customary rights, custodianship over land and resource ownership as well as indigenous rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cordite.org.au/poetry/dalit-indigenous/seven-sisters-strong/|title=Satha Didi Bhuiini Takot {{!}} Seven Sisters Strong|date=1 October 2016|website=Cordite Poetry Review|language=en-US|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

She has been part of several fact-finding teams over the years in Northeast India: ''And Quiet Flows the Kopili, Report of Human Rights Violation in the Karbi-Anglong District of Assam'' (2002); ''Death, Insurgency, Impunity: A Report on Extra-Judicial Killings in Tinsukia, Assam'' (2011). She has been associated with the [[Naga People's Movement for Human Rights]], Sisterhood Network (Dimapur), Prodigals' Home (Dimapur),<ref name=":0" /> The Turning Point (Mon district) and Action Aid (Northeast India). She continues to lend her voice towards the campaign to repeal the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (1958), an extra-constitutional regulation in India that gives access power to the Indian armed forces in Northeast India.

== Notable works ==

* 2004. ''Experiences of Naga Women in Armed Conflict: Narratives from a Militarized Society.'' Delhi: Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wiscomp.org/publication_detail.php?id=44|title=Publications {{!}} WISCOMP|website=wiscomp.org|access-date=14 February 2020}}</ref>
* 2015. ''Life and Dignity: Women's Testimonies of Sexual Violence in Dimapur (Nagaland).'' Guwahati: North Eastern Social Research Centre.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kikon|first1=Dolly|title=Life and Dignity: Women's Testimonies of Sexual Violence in Dimapur|last2=Chakravarty|first2=Uma|date=2015|publisher=North Eastern Social Research Centre|id={{ASIN|8192606252|country=in}}|language=English}}</ref>
* 2019. ''Living with Oil and Coal: Resource Politics and Militarization in Northeast India.'' Seattle: University of Washington Press.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295743950/living-with-oil-and-coal|title=Living with Oil and Coal|website=University of Washington Press|language=en-US|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
*2019. (with Bengt G. Karlsson). ''Leaving the Land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India.'' New Delhi: Cambridge University Press.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/leaving-the-land/B242D899A9697438DC2DD37EA5D8E437|title=Leaving the Land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India|last1=Kikon|first1=Dolly|last2=Karlsson|first2=Bengt G.|date=May 2019|publisher=Cambridge Core|doi=10.1017/9781108637817|isbn=9781108494427|s2cid=164727184|language=en|access-date=29 January 2020}}</ref>
*2021. (with Duncan McDuie-Ra). ''Ceasefire City: Militarism, Capitalism, and Urbanism in Dimapur.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
* 2023. (with Dixita Deka, Joel Rodrigues, --, [[Bengt G. Karlsson]], [[Sanjay Barbora]], and Meenal Tula). ''Seeds and Sovereignty: Eastern Himalayan Experiences''. Guwahati: North Eastern Social Research Centre.
* 2024. (co-edited with Joel Rodrigues). ''Food Journeys: Stories from the Heart.'' New Delhi: Zubaan.

==Recognition ==
* Wenner Gren fellowship
* Henry Hart Rice Visiting faculty, MacMillan Center for International and Areas Studies, [[Yale University]] (2023)

==Personal life==
Dolly Kikon belongs to a [[Lotha Naga]] family. Her ancestral village is [[Tsüngiki]] in [[Wokha District]]. Kikon's mother Mhalo Kikon attended the Golaghat Mission Girls High School in Assam, an educational institution set up by the American missionaries. Kikon's father Wopansao Kikon studied in Kohima and played football for various Naga teams during his youth. Kikon's maternal grandparents Mr. Nzio Hümtsoe and Ms. Oponlumi Hümtsoe were both Baptist pastors. Today, the Lotha Baptist mission in Wokha district recognizes them as visionaries who contributed, along with their colleagues, in establishing the Christian faith among the Lotha community in Tsungiki village and Wokha town. Kikon's paternal grandfather Mr. Luke Kikon was a medical compounder and her grandmother Ms. Oreno Kikon was a trader who set up one of the first shops managed and owned by a woman in Wokha town.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kikon |first1=Dolly |last2=Karlsson |first2=Bengt G. |title=Leaving the land: Indigenous Migration and Affective Labour in India |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=9781108494427 |page=116}}</ref>

Kikon is married to [[Sanjay Barbora]], formerly at the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Laishram |first=Indira |date=2 March 2021 |title=Dolly Kikon's four continent life experience |url=https://www.theindiansun.com.au/2021/03/02/learning-curve-meet-anthropologist-writer-filmmaker-dolly-kikon/ |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=The Indian Sun}}</ref> and currently teaching in the sociology department of [[University of California, Santa Cruz]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanjay Barbora: UCSC Sociology faculty |url=https://sociology.ucsc.edu/about/directory-faculty.php?uid=sbarbora |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=sociology.ucsc.edu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kikon, Dolly}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Dimapur]]
[[Category:Women from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Australian women anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian women anthropologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Australian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Melbourne]]
[[Category:University of California, Santa Cruz faculty]]
[[Category:Stockholm University alumni]]
[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Activists from Nagaland]]
[[Category:Miranda House alumni]]
[[Category:Women educators from Nagaland]]

Kula Puthra

2026-03-03T22:15:17Z

Ajaymodi01: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kula Puthra
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[T. R. Ramanna]]
| producer = S. Venkatarathnam
| story = M. D. Sundar
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shankar Nag]] [[Gayatri (actress)|Gayatri]] [[Dwarakish]]
| music = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| cinematography = S. Venkatarathnam
| editing = V. Chakrapani
| studio = Sri Pallavi Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1981||df=y}}
| runtime = 134 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Kula Puthra''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಕುಲ ಪುತ್ರ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{translation|Son of the family}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by [[T. R. Ramanna]] and produced by S. Venkataratnam. The film stars [[Shankar Nag]] and [[Gayatri (actress)|Gayatri]], with [[Dwarakish]], [[Udaykumar]] and [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] appearing in supporting roles, and [[Sowcar Janaki]] in a cameo role.<ref>[https://chiloka.com/movie/kula-puthra-1981 Kula Puthra (ಕುಲಪುತ್ರ)]</ref> The film was scripted by S. Bhavanarayana, photographed by S. Venkataratnam and has a musical score by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]].

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Shankar Nag]] as Mahesh
* [[Gayatri (actress)|Gayatri]] as Radha
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] in a guest appearance
* [[Udaykumar]]
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] as Varalakshmi
* [[Dwarakish]] as Gopi
* [[Sampath (actor)|Sampath]] as Ranganath Rao
* [[Dinesh (Kannada actor)|Dinesh]] as Subbanna
* [[Musuri Krishnamurthy]] as Ramdas
* Upasane Seetharam
* Halam
* Rajani
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]]
* Bheema Rao
* Sundara Murthy
* G. R. Jagadish
* Vinay
* Kannada Raju
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music for the film was composed by [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]] with lyrics penned by [[Chi. Udaya Shankar]].<ref>[http://www.hungama.com/artist/dwarakish/96049/ Kula Puthra songs]</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Kula Puthra
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt = Yes
| released = 1981
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

===Track list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Ee Lokavondu Pravasi Mandira"
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 2
| "Manmatha Kuniyalu"
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|-
| 3
| "Sampige Hoovalli"
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|-
| 4
| "Ninnatavella"
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|-
| 5
| "Baruva Janarige"
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt1351755}}

{{T. R. Ramanna}}

[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Satyam (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Ramanna]]
[[Category:1981 action films]]

{{1980s-Kannada-film-stub}}

1962 elections in India

2026-02-27T21:34:50Z

Ajaymodi01: rework formatting further and added references to improve readability

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1961 elections in India
| previous_year = 1961
| election_date = 1962
| next_election = 1963 elections in India
| next_year = 1963
}}
{{Politics of India}}

==Legislative Assembly elections==
===[[Andhra Pradesh]]===
{{Main|1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable"
! PARTY
! colspan="3" | SEATS
! colspan="3" |VOTES POLLED
! colspan="2" |VOTE % IN
|-
! NATIONAL PARTIES
! CONTESTED
! WON
! FD
! colspan="2" |VOTES
! %
! colspan="2" |SEATS
|-
|'''CPI'''
|136
|51
|8
| colspan="2" |2282767
|19.53%
| colspan="2" |40.58%
|-
|'''INC'''
|300
|177
|1
| colspan="2" |5523359
|47.25%
| colspan="2" |47.25%
|-
|'''JS'''
|70
|0
|69
| colspan="2" |121721
|1.04%
| colspan="2" |4.17%
|-
|'''PSP'''
|6
|0
|4
| colspan="2" |34732
|0.30%
| colspan="2" |16.17%
|-
|'''SOC'''
|15
|2
|11
| colspan="2" |70878
|0.61%
| colspan="2" |12.99%
|-
|'''SWA'''
|141
|19
|70
| colspan="2" |1215987
|10.40%
| colspan="2" |21.81%
|-
|'''REP'''
|18
|0
|17
|colspan="2" |
|0.40%
| colspan="2" |6.43%
|-
|'''IND'''
|302
|51
|174
|colspan="2" |
|20.48%
| colspan="2" |32.75%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''988'''
|'''300'''
|'''354'''
| colspan="5" |
|-
|colspan=8|Source:ECI<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Election results, 1962|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4044-andhra-pradesh-1962/?do=download&csrfKey=971e25ec2d8a34ed7fa32ffd0e4e31c4}}</ref>
|-
|}

===[[Assam]]===
{{Main|1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=1179305|seats1=79
|party2=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes2=310093|seats2=6
|party3=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes3=156153|seats3=0
|party4=[[All Party Hill Leaders Conference]]|votes4=134591|seats4=11
|party5=[[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist]]|votes5=36672|seats5=0
|party6=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|Revolutionary Communist Party]]|votes6=29249|seats6=1
|party7=Jan Sangh|votes7=10887|seats7=0
|party8=Achik Assona Chilchakgipa Kotak|votes8=5169|seats8=0
|party9=Independents|votes9=582042|seats9=8
|invalid=
|electorate=4942816
|source=ECI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3992-assam-1962/ |title=ECI |access-date=22 December 2021 |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626115726/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3992-assam-1962/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}

===[[Bihar]]===
{{Main|1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! S. No.!! Abbreviation !!Party!!Seats contested!!Seats won
|-
|1 ||SWA ||[[Swatantra Party]]||259||50
|-
|2 ||SOC ||[[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist Party of India]]||132||7
|-
|3 ||PSP ||[[Praja Socialist Party]]||199||29
|-
|4 ||JS ||[[Jan Sangh]]||75||3
|-
|5 ||INC ||[[Indian National Congress]]||318||185
|-
|6 ||CPI ||[[Communist Party of India]]||84||12
|-
|7 ||RRP ||[[Ram Rajya Parishad]]||17||0
|-
|8 ||JP ||[[Jharkhand Party]]||75||20
|-
|9 ||HMS ||[[Hindu Mahasabha]]||3||0
|-
|10 ||IND ||Independent||367||12
|-
|}

===[[Gujarat]]===
{{Main|1962 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election}}

===[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]===
{{Main|1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election}}

===[[Madhya Pradesh]]===
{{Main|1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=2527257|seats1=142|sc1={{decrease}}90
|party2=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes2=1092237|seats2=41|sc2={{increase}}31
|party3=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3=703188|seats3=33|sc3={{increase}}21
|party4=[[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist Party]]|votes4=310181|seats4=14|sc4=New
|party5=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes5=248525|seats5=10|sc5={{increase}}5
|party6=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes6=211639|seats6=6|sc6={{decrease}}1
|party7=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes7=80470|seats7=2|sc7=New
|party8=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes8=132440|seats8=1|sc8={{decrease}}1
|party9=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes9=82345|seats9=0|sc9=New
|party10=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes10=16913|seats10=0|sc10=New
|party11=[[Independent (politics)|Independents]]|votes11=1151955|seats11=39|sc11={{increase}}19
|total_sc=0
|invalid=2338719
|electorate=15874238
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3729-madhya-pradesh-1962/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
}}

===[[Madras]]===
{{Main|1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Party
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Popular Vote
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Vote %
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats contested
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Seats won
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Change
|-
|align=left| [[Indian National Congress]]
|align=center| 5,848,974
|align=center| 46.14%
|align=center| 206
|align=center| 139
|align=center| -12
|-
|align=left| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|align=center| 3,435,633
|align=center| 27.10%
|align=center| 143
|align=center| 50
|align=center| +37
|-
|align=left| [[Swatantra Party]]
|align=center| 991,773
|align=center| 7.82%
|align=center| 94
|align=center| 6
|align=center| +6
|-
|align=left| [[Forward Bloc]]
|align=center| 173,261
|align=center| 1.37%
|align=center| 6
|align=center| 3
|align=center| +3
|-
|align=left| [[Communist Party of India]]
|align=center| 978,806
|align=center| 7.72%
|align=center| 68
|align=center| 2
|align=center| -2
|-
|align=left| [[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist]]
|align=center| 48,753
|align=center| 0.38%
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 1
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Praja Socialist Party]]
|align=center| 159,212
|align=center| 1.26%
|align=center| 21
|align=center| 0
|align=center| -2
|-
|align=left| We Tamils
|align=center| 117,640
|align=center| 0.93%
|align=center| 16
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|align=center| 89,968
|align=center| 0.71%
|align=center| 6
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Republican Party of India|Republican]]
|align=center| 57,457
|align=center| 0.45%
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Tamil National Party]]
|align=center| 44,048
|align=center| 0.35%
|align=center| 9
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| Socialist Labour
|align=center| 43,186
|align=center| 0.34%
|align=center| 7
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jan Sangh]]
|align=center| 10,743
|align=center| 0.08%
|align=center| 4
|align=center| 0
|align=center| –
|-
|align=left| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
|align=center| 676,892
|align=center| 5.34%
|align=center| 207
|align=center| 5
|align=center| -17
|-
|align=center| '''Total'''
|align=center|12,676,346
|align=center|100%
|align=center| —
|align=center|206
|align=center| —
|}

===[[Maharashtra]]===
{{Main|1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election}}
{|class="wikitable"
!Political Party
!No. of candidates
!No. of elected
!Votes polled
!Votes (%)
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|264
|215
|5,617,347
|51.22%
|-
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|79
|15
|818,801
|7.47%
|-
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|101
|9
|792,755
|7.23%
|-
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|56
|6
|647,390
|5.90%
|-
|[[Republican Party of India]]
|66
|3
|589,653
|5.38%
|-
|[[Socialist Party of India (1955)|Socialist]]
|14
|1
|54,764
|0.50%
|-
|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
|437
|15
|1,836,095
|16.74%
|-
|}

===[[Mysore State|Mysore]]===
{{Main|1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election}}
{{election table|title=Summary of results of the Mysore Legislative Assembly election, 1962|sortable=yes}}
|- align=center
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center|Political Party 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Contestants 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seats won 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Seat change 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Number of votes 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Vote share 
!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Net change
|-style="background: #90EE90;"
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|align="left"|[[Indian National Congress]]||208||138||{{decrease}} 12||3,164,811||50.22%||{{decrease}} 1.80
|-
| {{party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|align="left"|[[Praja Socialist Party]]||84||20||{{increase}} 2||887,363||14.08%||{{increase}} 0.02
|-
| {{party color cell|Swatantra Party}}
|align="left"|[[Swatantra Party]]||59||9||||450,713 ||7.15%||
|-
| {{party color cell|}}
|align="left"|[[Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti]]||6||6||||136878||2.17%||
|-
| {{party color cell|}}
|align="left"|[[Lok Sewak Sangh]]||17||4||||159,545||2.53%||
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
|align="left"|[[Independent (politician)|Independents]]||||27||{{decrease}} 9||1,091,011||17.31%||''N/A''
|-
|
|align="left"|'''Total'''||||'''208'''||||||||
|-
|}

===[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]===
{{Main|1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=7|Result of Punjab Legislative Assembly election 1962<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in//punjab/assembly-constituencies/1962-election-results.html|title=List of Polling Booth For Punjab Lok Sabha Elections 1962|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
|-
!
!Party
!Contestants
!Seats won
!Popular vote
!%
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|style="background:#90EE90;"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|154
|90
|29,46,209
|43.72
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}"|
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|46
|16
|7,99,925
|11.87
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}"|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|47
|12
|4,78,333
|7.10
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|80
|8
|6,55,160
|9.72
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}"|
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|8
|4
|93,801
|1.39
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Swatantra Party}}"|
|[[Swatantra Party]]
|42
|3
|2,61,276
|3.88
|-
|bgcolor="gray"|
|Haryana Lok Samiti
|8
|3
|1,29,036
|1.91
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|330
|18
|11,57,113
|17.17
|-
|
|Others
|41
|0
|2,18,370
|3.24
|-
!
!Total
!756
!154
!67,39,223
!
|}

===[[Rajasthan]]===
{{Main|1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Rajasthan Legislative Assembly 1962.svg]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=2052383|seats1=88|sc1=–31
|party2=[[Swatantra Party]]|votes2=878056|seats2=36|sc2=New
|party3=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes3=469497|seats3=15|sc3=+9
|party4=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes4=276972|seats4=5|sc4=+4
|party5=[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party (India)]]|votes5=189147|seats5=5|sc5=New
|party6=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes6=102988|seats6=3|sc6=–14
|party7=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes7=74858|seats7=2|sc7=0
|party8=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes8=17481|seats8=0|sc8=New
|party21=Independents|votes21=1071581|seats21=22|sc21=–10
|total_sc=0
|invalid=1424303
|electorate=10327596
|source=ECI<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3380-rajasthan-1962/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
}}

===[[Uttar Pradesh]]===
{{Main|1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election}}

===[[West Bengal]]===
{{Main|1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Party
! No. of candidates
! No. of elected
! No. of votes
! %
|-
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 252
| 157
| 4.522,476
| 47.29%
|-
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| 145
| 50
| 2,386,834
| 24.96%
|-
| [[Praja Socialist Party]]
| 87
| 5
| 477,254
| 4.99%
|-
| [[All India Forward Bloc]]
| 34
| 13
| 441,098
| 4.06%
|-
| [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|17
|9
|245,261
|2.56%
|-
| [[Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha]]
| 25
| 0
| 76,138
| 0.80%
|-
| [[Socialist Unity Centre of India]]
|11
|0
|69,844
|0.73%
|-
| [[Lok Sewak Sangh]]
|11
|4
|68,583
|0.72%
|-
| [[Sanjukta Biplabi Parisha]]
|16
|1
|58,806
|0.62%
|-
| [[Swatantra Party]]
|24
|0
|55,447
|0.58%
|-
| [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| 25
| 0
| 43,483
| 0.45%
|-
| [[All India Gorkha League]]
|4
|2
|38,076
|0.40%
|-
| [[Workers Party of India]]
|8
|0
|26,913
|0.24%
|-
| [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|7
|0
|2,663
|0.03%
|-
| Independents
| 295
| 11
| 1,050,515
| 10.98%
|-
| '''Total:'''
| 935
| 252
| 10,469,803
|
|}
<ref name=s1962>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1962 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://eci.nic.in Election Commission of India]

{{Indian elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:1962 elections in India]]
[[Category:1962 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1962 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]

Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda

2026-02-08T03:15:44Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{short description|Loco shed in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox railway depot
| name = Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda
| image = MAS - NZM Garibrath Exp. (45209501154).jpg
| image_upright = 1.5
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| caption = Lallaguda based WAP-7 hauling MAS-NZM Garib Rath Express near Odela.
| location = Lallaguda South, Railway Colony, [[Secunderabad]], [[Telangana]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|17|26|N|78|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways]]
| depotcode = LGD
| type = [[Engine shed]]
| opened = {{Start date and age|1995|09|06|df=y}}
| closed = 
| original =
| pregrouping =
| postgrouping =
| roads =
| rollingstock = [[WAP-5]] [[WAP-7]] [[WAG-9]]
| former_rolling_stock = [[WAP-4]] [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]]
| routes = 
| map_type = India Telangana
| map_size = 250
| embed =
}}

'''Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda''' is a [[motive power depot]] performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for [[electric locomotive]]s of the [[Indian Railways]], located at [[Lallaguda]] of the [[South Central Railway zone]] in [[Telangana]], India.

==Livery and Markings==
[[File:LGD ELS Logo.jpg|thumb|150px|Logo Mark of '''Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda''']]
Lallaguda ELS has its own logo and stencils. It is written on loco's body side as well as front & back side.

==Locomotives==
{| class="wikitable"
!Serial No.
!Locomotive Class
!Horsepower
!Quantity
|-
|1.
|[[WAP-5]]
|6120
|4
|-
|2.
|[[WAP-7]]
|6350
|157
|-
|3.
|[[WAG-9]]
|6120
|139
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total locomotives active as of February 2026'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=e-Locos|url=http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html}}</ref>
|300
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Locomotives Sheds of India}}

[[Category:Electric railway depots in India|Lallaguda]]
[[Category:Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:1995 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Telangana]]

Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad

2026-02-05T22:25:05Z

Ajaymodi01: New

{{Short description|Educational institute in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = Forestry Education, Research, Management
| latin_name =
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| top_free_label =
| top_free =
| type = UG and PG College
| established = {{start date and age|2016}}
| closed = 
| founder =
| parent =
| affiliation = [[Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University]]
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| vice_chancellor =
| provost =
| rector =
| dean = [https://www.fcrits.in/administration/dean/ Dr. S. J. Asha, IFS]
| free_label = Joint Director
| free = [https://www.fcrits.in/joint-director/ Sri. B. VENKATESWAR RAO, ACF.]
| free_label2 = Deputy Director
| free2 = [https://www.fcrits.in/administration/dy-director/ Smt. N. Kavitha, ACF]
| principal =
| director =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| address = [[Mulugu]], Siddipet Rd
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 502279
| coordinates = {{coord|17.7170|78.6271|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Residential, co-educational
| language = English
| colors = 
| athletics =
| sports =
| athletics_nickname = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| mascot = 
| sports_free_label =
| sports_free =
| sports_free_label2 =
| sports_free2 =
| website = {{URL|https://www.fcrits.in/}}
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Forest College and Research Institute''' ('''FCRI''') is an forestry research institute in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=India's First Forest University to Come Up in Telangana|url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/indias-first-forest-university-to-come-up-in-telangana-5953867.html|website=News18|date=15 November 2022}}</ref> Established in 2016 under [[Chief Minister of Telangana]], the institute has trained students in the fields of [[forestry]], biological sciences, environmental studies, social sciences, and Management sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana Forestry Varsity to Function from 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-forestry-varsity-to-function-from-2023/articleshow/94573125.cms|website=The Times of India|date= 27 September 2022}}</ref>

== History ==
FCRI was established in 2016 in [[India]] and has provided training for forestry students. The institute is organized into several departments, each specializing in a key aspect of [[Forestry|forestry education]] and research:<ref>{{cite web|title=Applications Invited for Admission into B.Sc Honours at FCRI Hyderabad for AY 2023–24|website=Hindustan Times|language=Telugu|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/telangana/applications-invited-for-admission-into-bsc-honours-of-fcri-hyderabad-for-ay-202324-121686359468677.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610013238/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/telangana/applications-invited-for-admission-into-bsc-honours-of-fcri-hyderabad-for-ay-202324-121686359468677.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2023|date=26 October 2023}}</ref>

== Dean==
[https://www.fcrits.in/administration/dean/ Dr. S. J. Asha, IFS Dean, FCRI Hyderabad]
[[File:FCRI Dean.png|thumb|Dr. S. J. Asha, IFS Dean, FCRI Hyderabad]]

*Pursued [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc]] with [[botany]], [[zoology]] and [[chemistry]].
*Pursued [[Master of Science|M.Sc]] ([[anthropology]]) from [[Andhra University|Andhra University, Visakhapatnam]]
*Pursued [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] (Tribal Development and Poverty alleviation Programmes) from [[Andhra University|Andhra University, Visakhapatnam]]
*Joined in Forest Department as assistant conservator of forests during 1999. Later Got promotions as deputy conservator of forests, conservator forests and present working in the capacity as chief conservator of forests.
*Worked in different districts in the capacity of district forest officer, like in [[Khammam]], [[Guntur]], [[Visakhapatnam|Viskhapatnam]], [[Karimnagar]], [[Sircilla]] etc.
*Worked as chief conservator of forests, [[Warangal]] Circle/ [[Warangal]] Zone.
*Worked as special commissioner, [[Telangana Ku Haritha Hāram|Haritha Haram]] in Rural Development Department for 4 and half Years. While working as special commissioner, HH, initiated a programme ‘One Gram Panchayat- One Nursery”. As result, we have 12,751 Nurseries in Telangana in all 12,751 [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayats]].
*At present working as director, TS Forest Academy

== Awards and recognition ==
FCRI was recognized as A+ category institute in [[India]]. The following teaching and non-teaching staff were awarded certificates and cash prize for their meritorious service by the [[Telangana|Telangana State]] [[Forest]] Department on 15th Aug 2020 – Dr. Kapil Sihag, assistant professor, Department of Forest Products & Utilization; Ms. P. Nikitha, assistant professor, Department of Basic and Social Sciences; Mr. Raghu, FSO; Mr. Murali Similarly, two other faculty members Mrs. NS Srinidhi, assistant professor (environmental sciences), Department of Forest Ecology and Climate Sciences and Dr. B. Sreedhar, associate professor, Department of Basic and Social Science have received meritorious certificates on the occasion of Republic day, i.e., on January 26, 2021.

== Departments ==

* [[Silviculture]] and [[Agroforestry]]
* [[Natural resource management|Natural Resource Management]] and Conservation
* [[Wildlife]] and Habitat Management
* Basic & [[Social science|Social Sciences]]
* [[Forest product|Forest Products]] & Utilization
* [[Tree breeding|Tree Breeding]] & Improvement
* [[Forest ecology|Forest Ecology]] & [[Climatology|Climate Science]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.fcrits.in/ website]

[[Category:Research institutes in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Agricultural research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Telangana]]

Adhikarimayum Sharda Devi

2026-02-05T05:09:47Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Short description|Indian politician and teacher}}
{{Notability|Biography|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adhikarimayum Sharda Devi
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office1 = President of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Manipur]]| 1blankname = National President
| 1namedata = [[JP Nadda]] [[Nitin Nabin]]
| occupation = Teacher
}}
'''Adhikarimayum Sharda Devi''' is an Indian politician and teacher from [[Manipur]] who served as National Vice President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from 2014 to 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-06-26 |title=Sharda Devi named as new President of BJP Manipur |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/sharda-devi-named-as-new-president-of-bjp-manipur-1106520 |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Assam Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-27 |title=Sharda Devi appointed as president of BJP Manipur - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/sharda-devi-appointed-as-president-of-bjp-manipur/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=Eastern Mirror |language=en-GB}}</ref> and currently serving as the [[State President of Bharatiya Janta Party|State President of Bharatiya Janta Party of Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-26 |title=BJP appoints A Sharda Devi as new party president of Manipur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/bjp-appoints-a-sharda-devi-as-new-party-president-of-manipur-7377380/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-26 |title=Adhikarimayum Sharda Devi appointed as the state president of BJP Manipur |url=https://thefrontiermanipur.com/adhikarimayum-sharda-devi-appointed-as-the-state-president-of-bjp-manipur/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Frontier Manipur |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |title=BJP appoints Bhabesh Kalita and Adhikarimayum Sharda Devi as party presidents of Assam and Manipur |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-appoints-bhabesh-kalita-and-adhikarimayum-sharda-devi-as-party-presidents-of-assam-and-manipur/articleshow/83889765.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref> She is the first woman President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=Manipur: Sharda Devi appointed as BJP's first woman President |url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/manipur/manipur-sharda-devi-appointed-as-bjps-first-woman-president/cid3462454.htm |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Northeast Today |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Adhikarimayum Sharda}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Manipur-BJP-politician-stub}}

M. C. Joshi

2026-02-03T20:58:44Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{for|the Indian archaeologist|M. C. Joshi (archaeologist)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
'''M. C. Joshi''' (1928–1983) from [[Belgaum]], [[India]] was a nuclear physicist and the founder and head of the university department of physics, [[University of Mumbai]]. The university department of physics was established in 1971.

The University department of physics, under Joshi's guidance, took pioneering efforts in developing an [[Ion implantation]] facility in the early seventies and has been in the forefront in studying different aspects of ion beam modifications of material properties. Joshi guided several students for their PhDs in physics.

Joshi followed [[Gandhian]] way of life. After earning a PhD in physics in 1964 from [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], he worked with several projects from [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Before joining the department of physics, University of Mumbai in 1971 he was with the Institute of Physics, [[University of Uppsala]], [[Uppsala]], [[Sweden]]. Joshi nurtured the department of physics, University of Mumbai from its birth until he died in 1983, aged 55.

==Works==
* M. C. Joshi, B. N. Subba Rao, B. V. Thosar, M1 transitions in 141 Pr and 191 Ir, - Il Nuovo Cimento (1955–1965), 1958 – Springer
* B. V. Thosar, M. C. Joshi, R. P. Sharma, K. G. Prasad, Internal conversion studies of the 2+→ 0+ transitions in some deformed even …
- Nuclear Physics, 1964 - Elsevier
* P. Sekhar, M. C. Joshi, K. L. Narsimhan and S. Guha, Solid State Communications, 26 (1978) 973
* L. E. Thailamani and M.C. Joshi, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, (1982)
* V. K. Asundi, M. C. Joshi et al., Radiation Effects, 49 (1980) 39

==References==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080421205341/http://www.mu.ac.in/science/physics/Deptofphysics.htm Physics Department, University of Mumbai]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=Director General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]|before=[[J. P. Joshi]]|after=[[Achala Moulik]]|years=1989 - 1993}}
{{s-end}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, M. C.}}
[[Category:Indian nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Belgaum]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Dhurwa Dam

2026-01-25T21:05:27Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Short description|Dam in Jharkhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Dhurwa Dam
| name_official = Dhurwa Dam
| image = Dhurwa dam, ranchi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Dhurwa Dam, [[Ranchi]], Jharkhand
| image_alt =
| location_map = India
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption = Location of the Dhurwa Dam in India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|17|29.19|N|85|15|23.58|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = India
| location = Dhurwa, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| status = Operational
| construction_began =
| opening = {{Start date and age|1963}}
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner = JUIDCO
| dam_type = Earthfill
| dam_height = {{Convert|30|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_height_foundation=
| dam_length = {{Convert|4525|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_width_base =
| dam_volume =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_crosses = [[Subarnarekha River]]
| spillway_count = 1
| spillway_type = Ogee
| spillway_capacity =
| res_name = Dhurwa Reservoir
| res_capacity_total = 34.1 million cubic meters
| res_capacity_active = 31.9 million cubic meters<ref>Govt of India, Central Water commission, Dam safety Organisation New Delhi, National Register of Large Dams-2019,Project Information code:JH05MH0010</ref>
| res_capacity_inactive=
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|33.5|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| res_elevation =
| res_max_depth =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type =
| plant_turbines =
| plant_capacity =
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
}}
The '''Dhurwa Dam''' ({{langx|hi|धुर्वा बाँध}} ''Dhurvā Bāndh''), officially known as '''Hatia Dam''', is a significant dam on the Subarnarekha River in [[Ranchi]], Jharkhand.

== Description ==
Completed in 1963 with Russian assistance, it provides around 9.5 million gallons of drinking water daily to Ranchi and its surrounding areas, with 8.5 million gallons for the city and 1 million gallons for [[Heavy Engineering Corporation|Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd]] (HEC). The dam also supports the proposed Ranchi Smart City, aiming to supply an additional 12 million liters of water. However, it faces challenges, particularly during summer when water levels drop significantly.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ranchi Smart City to get water from water starved Dhurwa dam - Jharkhand State News |url=https://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/2681/ranchi-smart-city-to-get-water-from-water-starved-dhurwa-dam |website=jharkhandstatenews.com |access-date=31 March 2018 |date=31 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NDRF searches for missing woman in Dhurwa Dam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/ndrf-launches-extensive-search-for-missing-woman-at-dhurwa-dam/articleshow/113406001.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Body fished out of dam |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/body-fished-out-of-dam/cid/1348128 |website=telegraphindia.com |access-date=18 March 2023}}</ref>

Managed by the [[Jharkhand Urban Infrastructure Development Company Limited|Jharkhand Urban Infrastructure Development Company]] (JUIDCO), the Dhurwa Dam has a [[gross reservoir]] capacity of about 34.1 million cubic meters(MCM), crucial for domestic use and [[irrigation]]. The dam not only plays a vital role in the [[local economy]] but also attracts [[tourists]] for its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities. While ongoing [[water scarcity]] raises concerns about meeting the growing urban population's demands, the [[Government of Jharkhand|Jharkhand government]] has proposed linking additional water sources to ensure a reliable supply for both current residents and future developments.<ref>{{cite web |title=State level mock drill conducted in Dhurwa Dam regarding to combat flood disaster in Ranchi - Reporter Post |url=https://reporterpost.in/article/jharkhand/32056/state-level-mock-drill-conducted-in-dhurwa-dam-regarding-to-combat-flood-disaster-in-ranchi |website=reporterpost.in |access-date=21 December 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of dams and reservoirs in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Dams in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Bihar]]

Harivansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium

2025-12-23T16:11:38Z

Ajaymodi01: made new info.

{{Short description|Multipurpose stadium in Hotwar, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Haribansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium
| nickname =
| logo_image = Ranchi1212.jpg
| logo_caption =
| image =
| caption =
| fullname =
| location = Hotwar, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| coordinates =
| broke_ground =
| built = 2011
| opened =
| renovated =
| expanded =
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = Sports Authority of [[Jharkhand]]
| operator =
| surface =
| scoreboard =
| cost =
| architect =
| project_manager =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| general_contractor =
| main_contractors =
| capacity = 4,000
| suites =
| record_attendance =
| dimensions =
| acreage =
| volume =
| tenants = [[Patna Pirates]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league-2017-patna-pirates-play-home-matches-ranchi|title = Pro Kabaddi League 2017: Patna Pirates to play home matches in Ranchi|date = 28 June 2017}}</ref> (2017)
| embedded =
| website = 
| public_transit =
}}
'''Harivansh Tana Bhagat Indoor Stadium''' is a multipurpose stadium in [[Ranchi]] city of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sajha.in/indoor-stadium-2 |title=Haribans Tana Bhaghat Indoor Stadium | Sports Authority of Jharkhand |access-date=2017-07-28 |archive-date=2017-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909072037/http://www.sajha.in/indoor-stadium-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is owned by the Jharkhand's State authority and is the home ground for [[Patna Pirates]] in the 2017 season of ProKabbadi League. The stadium was also the venue of the [[2011 National Games of India#Venues|2011 National Games of India]].{{fact|date=May 2023}}

It is part of the [[Mega Sports Complex, Ranchi|Mega Sports Complex]] together with the [[Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Ranchi]]

Central University of Karnataka

2025-11-30T01:28:42Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Short description|Central University in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Central_University_of_Karnataka.svg
| name = Central University of Karnataka
| established = {{start date and age|2009|df=y|p=y}}
| type = [[Central University, India|Central University]]
| motto = [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|vidyA dadAti vinayaM}}
| chancellor =[[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Central University of Karnataka | url=https://www.cuk.ac.in/#/home }}</ref>
| vice_chancellor = Battu Satyanarayana<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 23, 2021|title=President Ram Nath Kovind approves appointments of vice chancellors of 12 central universities: Ministry of education|work=[[The Times of India]] 13:29 IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/president-ram-nath-kovind-approves-appointments-of-vice-chancellors-of-12-central-universities-ministry-of-education/articleshow/84671693.cms|access-date=July 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-07-23|title=Battu Satyanarayana appointed vice-chancellor of Central University of Karnataka|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/battu-satyanarayana-appointed-vice-chancellor-of-central-university-of-karnataka/article35486517.ece|access-date=2022-02-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| campus =
| accreditation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central University of Karnataka
|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/centralniversitylist.aspx?id=zxM7WatPi/jRM9v4021o7w==&Unitype=9U80RXV93k09HNgOCkd8+w==|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}</ref>
| academic_affiliations = [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| head_label = [[Visitor]]
| head = [[President of India]]
| other_name = CUK
| city = [[Kalaburagi, Karnataka]]
| country = India
| website = {{URL|http://www.cuk.ac.in/}}
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4348|76.6730|type:edu_region:IN-KA|display=inline, title}}
}}
The '''Central University of Karnataka''', ('''CUK'''), is a [[Central university (India)|central university]] situated in [[Kadaganchi]] village in the [[Aland, Karnataka|Aland taluka]] of [[Kalaburagi district]] in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It was established by an Act of the Parliament of India in 2009, "The Central Universities Act, 2009".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A-2009-25.pdf#page=18|title=The Central Universities Act, 2009|access-date=22 February 2022|website=legislative.gov.in|pages=18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cuk.ac.in/pdf/ACT-AND-STATUTES.pdf|title=Central Universities Act (2009) and Statutes|access-date=22 February 2022|website=cuk.ac.in}}</ref>

==History==
The university started operating from its permanent campus at the [[Gulbarga]]-Waghdhari inter-state highway in [[Aland, Karnataka|Aland]] [[taluka]] identified by the Karnataka State Government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central University of Karnataka|url=https://www.cuk.ac.in/#/the-university|access-date=2022-02-22|website=www.cuk.ac.in}}</ref>

The Central Universities Bill 2009 aimed at creating a new central university each in [[Bihar]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.education.nic.in/IHL/LISTCENTRALUNIVERSITIES.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222083507/http://www.education.nic.in/IHL/LISTCENTRALUNIVERSITIES.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-22 }}</ref> It also sought to convert [[Guru Ghasidas University|Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Dr. Hari Singh Gour University|Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya]] in [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] ([[Madhya Pradesh]]) and [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]] in [[Uttarakhand]] into Central universities.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Parliament-passes-bill-to-set-12-central-varsities/articleshow/4187380.cms Parliament passes bill to set 12 central varsities – Times Of India]</ref>

==Schools and Departments==
* School of Business Studies
** Department of Business Studies
** Department of Commerce
** Department of Economic Studies and Planning
** Department of Tourism and Hotel Management
* School of Earth Sciences
** Department of Geography
** Department of Geology
* School of Education and Training
* School of Humanities and Languages
** Department of English
** Department of Hindi
** Department of Kannada Literature and Culture
** Department of Linguistics
** Department of Foreign Language Studies
** Department of Music and Fine Arts
* School of Social and Behavioral Sciences
** Department of History & Archaeology
** Department of Psychology
** Department of Public Administration
** Department of Social Work
** Department of Folklore and Tribal Studies
* School of Media Studies
** Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
* School of Computer Science
** Department of Computer Science
* School of Chemical Sciences
** Department of Chemistry
* School of Life Sciences
** Department of Life Sciences
* School of Physical Sciences
** Department of Mathematics
** Department of Physics
* School of Engineering
** Department of Electrical Engineering
** Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
* School of Legal Jurisprudence Studies
** Department of Law

==See also==
*[[Central University, India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.cuk.ac.in/ Official website]

{{IndianCentralUniv}}
{{Universities in Karnataka}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Central University Of Karnataka}}
[[Category:Education in Kalaburagi]]
[[Category:Central universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kalaburagi district]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2009]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kalaburagi]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Kalaburagi]]

Our Lady of Presentation Church, Mathapuram

2025-11-29T08:32:22Z

Ajaymodi01: Added A Article - done

{{Infobox church
| name = Our Lady of Presentation Church
| other name = Punidha Kaanikai Madha Alayam
| coordinates = {{coord|8.2524129|77.2052344|display=inline,title}}
| fullname =
| native_name = புனித காணிக்கை மாதா ஆலயம்
| native_name_lang = ta
| image = Kaanikai Annai Alayam Church.jpg
| caption = Side view of this church
| membership = 235 families
| website = https://olpresentationchurch.org
| location = Tholayavattam, [[Vilavancode]], [[Kanyakumari district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]

| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| religious institute = [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]]
| cult = [[Roman Rite]]
| founded date = 1949
| founder =

| status = Active
| functional status = Sub-Station Church
| former name =
| dedication = St. Mary
| architectural type = [[Church (building)|Church]]
| style = [[Medieval architecture|Medieval]]
| groundbreaking = 2015
| completed date = 2017

| parish = Vizhunthayambalam
| deanery = Vencode
| archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai|Madurai]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai|Kuzhithurai]]
| episcopalarea = [[Catholic Bishops Conference of India|TNBC]]
| archbishop = Antony Pappusamy<ref name = "b1">{{cite web|title= About Arch Bishop of Madurai and Bishop of Kuzhithurai|url=http://archdioceseofmadurai.com/our-bishop/|website=archdioceseofmadurai.com|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>
| bishop = Antony Pappusamy
| priest = Charles Viju<ref name = "b2">{{cite web|title=Details of Parish priest of this church |url=http://kuzhithuraidiocese.in/fr-charles-viju|website=kuzhithuraidiocese.in|page=Fr. Charles Viju|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>

}}

'''Punitha Kanikkai Matha church''' is situated in the south end of [[Tamil Nadu]] in a village called Mathapuram, which is near the town of [[Karungal]] in [[Kanyakumari district]], India, and belongs to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai]].

==History==
The place Mathapuram is formally known as “Villapatty”. During the reign of Travancore-Cochin kings. There used to be a small walkable way from kottar to Trivandrum which passed through Villapatty. The merchants and travellers used to walk via this way to reach Trivandrum.<ref name = "fa">{{cite web|title=History of Our lady of presentation church, Madhapuram|url=https://olpresentationchurch.org/aboutus|website=olpresentationchurch.org|page=about-us|accessdate=10 March 2023}}</ref> There was a Stonehenge 'Sumaithangai' where the tenders used to off-load their merchandise/loads to take rest for a while.

==Cross==
[[File:Kaanikai Annai Alayam Cross.jpg|thumb|100 px|left|Cross in the church]]
In 1978, the bishop of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanacherry|Changanacherry diocese]] [[Antony Padiyara|Mar. Antony Padiyara]],<ref name = "fb">{{cite web|title=List of Bishops of Chenganacherry|url=https://www.archdiocesechanganacherry.org/index.php/welcome/about_hier|website=archdiocesechanganacherry.org|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> who came to inaugurate St.Thomas church at Mathapuram paid a visit to this Cross and saw the cross and observed the Roman letters INRI inscribed on it and told that it might have been a cross built during the time of St.Thomas, the apostle.

==Chapel==
In those days whenever the local people were subjected to diseases, disasters and natural calamities, they went to this grotto and offered their prayers to get relief from their difficulties. This bought name and fame for the grotto and made more people get attracted to it. However, in order to accommodate more people they wanted to increase the size of the grotto. So they built a building thatched in coconut leaves. This was later converted to a Chapel. The people who were sick stayed there during night time. Later people who participated in Christmas carols also used this place. In the course of time, the structure was improved by paving tiles in the roof. In the year 1949, a pious man installed a wooden statue of our Lady made in Germany in the chapel. The local people were astonished to see our Lady's statue and they chanted excitedly and began to call “KANIKKAI MADHA”.<ref name ="fc">{{cite news |date=30 January 2022 |title= Dinakaran |page=7 |url=https://epaper.dinakaran.com/m5/3367022/Nagarcoil-Main/30-01-2022#page/7/1|language=ta |edition=Nagarcoil|location=Nagarcoil, Tamilnadu, India |publisher= Kal Publication |series=Aalayam Arivoom|access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref> Since then the name of the place was changed to Mathapuram from the previous name Villapatty.

==Church==
On seeing the enthusiasm of the devotees and piety of local people Rev. Fr. Maria Arockiyam took the initiative to build a concrete building. In 1989, the work started. It was picked up by Rev. Fr. Lucas completed the construction and was blessed by the Kottar Bishop Leon A Dharmaraj<ref name ="fd">{{cite web|title=Leon Tharamaraj Bishop of Kottar Madhapur|url=https://www.kottardiocese.org/apostolic-succession/|website=kottardiocese.org|page=list of bishop of Kottar|accessdate=12 March 2023}}</ref> on 23 December 1994 and the normal services continued.

==Present Church==
The existing church was old and in a dilapidated condition. It was very insufficient to accommodate the people on Sunday mass. The construction of the new church gained momentum by Rev. Fr. Sekhar Micheal and on 19 July 2015 [[Jerome Dhas Varuvel |Bishop Jerome Dhas]], laid the foundation stone for the present church. The construction of new church was completed by the guidance of Fr. Charles Viju and this was blessed and inaugurated by the Bishop of Kuzhithurai Diocese on 11 August 2017.<ref name ="fe">{{cite web|title=Resignation news on Kuzhithurai Bishop Jerome dhass|url=https://www.indiancatholicmatters.org/pope-accepts-kuzhithurai-bishop-jeromes-resignation-appoints-bishop-anthony-as-apostolic-administrator/|website=Indiancatholicmatters.org|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[St. Therese of Infant Jesus Church, Kandanvilai]]
*[[St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Kottar]]
*[[Our Lady of Ransom Church, Kanyakumari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Churches in Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Tamil Nadu]]

Seema Chishti

2025-11-24T05:27:30Z

Ajaymodi01: put up a post

{{Short description|Indian journalist and writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Seema Chishti
| image = Seema Chishti.png
| caption = Chishti at "Privacy Supreme" 2019
| citizenship = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (MA)
[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] (BA)
| occupation = Journalist, Editor, Author
| years_active = 1990–present
| employer = ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]''
| spouse = [[Sitaram Yechury]] (d. 2024)
| website = {{URL|https://www.seemachishti.com}}
}}
'''Seema Chishti''' is a journalist and writer from [[Delhi]], India. She is currently one of the editors of the digital news portal ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]''. She was editor for the Hindi and Delhi Bureau head for the [[BBC]] and a deputy editor at the Indian daily ''[[The New Indian Express]]''. She has also published the book ''Sumitra and Anees: Tales and Recipes From a Khichdi Family'' and co-authored ''Note By Note: The India Story (1947–2017)''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Seema Chishti Joins The Wire as Editor |url=https://thewire.in/media/seema-chishti-joins-the-wire-as-editor |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seema Chishti |work=The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/author/seema-chishti |access-date=2024-10-14}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Seema Chishti : Author Details |publisher=HarperCollins India |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/seema-chishti/ |access-date=2024-10-14}}</ref>

Chishti was married to [[Sitaram Yechury]], politician and previous general secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]].

==Early life and education ==
Seema is daughter of Anees Chishti and Sumitra Chisthi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-21 |title=Seema Chishti's new book, on her parents' interfaith marriage, is a compendium of notes from another India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/seema-chishti-new-book-sumitra-and-anees-tales-and-recipes-from-a-khichdi-family-interfaith-marriage-7928446/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Chishti has a bachelor's from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] and a master's degree in economics from [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref name="auto"/>

She worked at HTV and the [[BBC World Service]] in London from 1994 to 1996, before she moved to [[BBC India]]. She worked at ''The Indian Express'' from 2006, where she served as resident editor at Delhi and also deputy editor before discontinuing on 2020.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=Seema Chishti |url=https://nfi.org.in/seema-chishti |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=National Foundation For India}}</ref>

Chishti was married to [[Sitaram Yechury]], politician and previous general secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]], and [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|member of parliament]], before his death in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitaram Yechury Passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cpim-leader-sitaram-yechury-passes-away/article68633808.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Books ==

* ''Sumitra and Anees: Tales and Recipes From a Khichdi Family''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Sumitra and Anees: tales and recipes from a khichdi family |date=2022 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |isbn=978-93-5489-588-3 |location=Gurugram, Haryana}}</ref>
* ''Note By Note: The India Story (1947–2017)''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Ankur |title=Note by Note: the India story, 1947-2017 |last2=Chishti |first2=Seema |last3=Singh |first3=Sushant |date=2018 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=978-93-5277-010-6 |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chishti, Seema}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Shreerastu Shubhamastu

2025-11-05T16:06:00Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Short description|Indian Kannada language drama TV series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = ShreerastuSubhamasthuuu.png
| image_size =
| company =
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|08|31|df=y}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|10|31|df=y}}
| network = [[Zee Kannada]]
| num_episodes = 859
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons =
| editor =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| writer =
| producer =
| country = India
| director = Sudesh K. Rao
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| caption =
| location = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}

'''''Shreerastu Shubhamastu''''' is an Indian [[Kannada]] language drama series launched on [[Zee Kannada]] from 31 October 2022 to 31 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಶ್ರೀರಸ್ತು ಶುಭಮಸ್ತು ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ ಮೂಲಕ ಮತ್ತೆ ಕಿರುತೆರೆಗೆ ಮರಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಚಂದನವನದ ಸುಂದರಿ ಸುಧಾರಾಣಿ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/entertainment/zee-kannada-channel-launch-with-new-serial-srirasthu-subhamastu-and-surprisingly-famous-actcress-sudarani-acting-in-this-swn-mrq-793161.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=[[News18 Kannada]] |language=kn}}</ref> The show is an official remake of [[Zee Marathi]]'s ''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Aggabai Sasubai' to get remade into Kannada soon - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/aggabai-sasubai-to-get-remade-into-kannada-soon/articleshow/89425676.cms |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It stars [[Sudha Rani]], Ajith Hande in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಿರುತೆರೆಗೆ ದೀಪಕ್ ಗೌಡ ಕಂಬ್ಯಾಕ್, 'ಶ್ರೀರಸ್ತು ಶುಭಮಸ್ತು' ಎಂದು ಬಲಗಾಲಿಟ್ಟು ಬಂದ ನಟಿ ಸುಧಾರಾಣಿ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/sudha-rani-deepak-gowda-starrer-shrirasthu-shubhamasthu-serial/articleshow/92633580.cms |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |language=kn}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Tulasi, a widow, finds a friend and supporter in her daughter-in-law Siri, who stands against her family and society to get Tulasi remarried.

== Cast ==
* [[Sudha Rani]] as Tulasi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tejashri Pradhan-Starrer Aggabai Sasubai To Be Remade in Kannada Soon |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tejashri-pradhan-starrer-aggabai-sasubai-to-be-remade-in-kannada-soon-4757975.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>
* Ajith Hande as Madhav<ref>{{Cite web |title=मराठीतील 'अग्गंबाई सासूबाई' मालिकेचा होणार 'कन्नड' भाषेत रिमेक |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/aggabai-sasubai-marathi-aggabai-sasubai-series-to-be-remade-in-kannada-language-1031434/amp |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>
* Deepak / Darshith as Samarth<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepak Gowda to make his acting comeback with soon-to-be-launched 'Shreerastu Shubhamastu' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/deepak-gowda-to-make-his-acting-comeback-with-soon-to-be-launched-shreerastu-shubhamastu/articleshow/92654601.cms |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Chandana Raghavendra as Siri
* Venkat Rao as Dathatreya
* Arfath Shariff as Avinash
* Lavanya as Poorni
* Nethra Jadhav / Sapna deekshith as Sharvari
* Ananya Mohan as Nidhi
* Nakul sharma as Abhijith
* Deepa Katte as Sandhya

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Violet; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Violet; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Violet; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''[[Aggabai Sasubai]]'' अग्गंबाई सासूबाई
| 22 July 2019
| [[Zee Marathi]]
| 13 March 2021
| Original
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Manam Pole Mangalyam]]'' മനംപോലെ മംഗല്യം
| 28 December 2020
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| 2 January 2022
| rowspan="4"| Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]'' புதுப்புது அர்த்தங்கள்
| 22 March 2021
| [[Zee Tamil]]
| 20 November 2022
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| ''[[Sasse Ni Sasse Tu Khushiyan Ch Vasse]]'' ਸੱਸੇ ਨੀ ਸੱਸੇ ਤੂੰ ਖੁਸ਼ੀਆਂ ਚ ਵੱਸੇ
| 25 April 2022
| [[Zee Punjabi]]
| 23 September 2022
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Shreerastu Shubhamastu'' ಶ್ರೀರಸ್ತು ಶುಭಮಸ್ತು
| 31 October 2022
| [[Zee Kannada]]
| 31 August 2025
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/shrirasthu-shubhamasthu/0-6-4z5238413 ''Shreerastu Shubhamastu''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee Kannada original programming]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

Thattankulam

2025-10-14T23:56:47Z

Ajaymodi01: put up a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thattankulam
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.47|N|77.68|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]]
| established_title =

| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 141
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Thattankulam''' is a village in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[Tenkasi district]]. Before the division of [[Tirunelveli district]] on 22 November 2019 it was in the Tirunelveli district.<ref name="Administrative Setup of Tirunelveli District">{{cite web|title=Administrative Setup of Tirunelveli District|url=http://tirunelveli.nic.in/admin.html|accessdate=2 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Nanguneri Pastorate Churches">{{cite web|title=Nanguneri Pastorate Churches|url=http://www.csitirunelveli.org/Pastorate/nanguneri.html|accessdate=2 February 2013|archive-date=20 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820225436/http://www.csitirunelveli.org/Pastorate/nanguneri.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Thattankulam Map From wikimapia.org">{{cite web|title=Thattankulam Map|url=http://wikimapia.org/466550/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-Thattankulam|accessdate=2 February 2013}}</ref>

==Geography==
Thattankulam is located at {{coord|8.47|N|77.68|E}}. It has an average elevation of 141 metres (462 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Administration==
Thattankulam is governed by the South Nanguneri [[Village Panchayat]]. Thattankulam is part of [[Nanguneri (State Assembly Constituency)|Nanguneri assembly constituency]] and [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli parliamentary constituency]]. Nanguneri police station, part of [[Tamil Nadu Police]] maintain law and order in Thattankulam.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Taluk||Nanguneri
|-
| Revenue blocks||Nanguneri
|-
|Post office ||Karankadu
|-
| Fire Station ||Nanguneri
|-
| Police station||Nanguneri
|-
| Regional Transport Office (RTO)||Vallioor
|-
| District Passport Cell ||Tirunelveli
|-
| Regional Passport office ||Madurai
|}

==Transport==
Thattankulam is located 4 km away from Nanguneri on [[Nanguneri]] to Ovari State Highway 89. The [[National Highway 7 (India)|National Highway 7]] is 3 km away and can be reached through SH 89.

The [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] operates daily services connecting [[Tirunelveli]] – [[Thisayanvilai]]. Private Transport Corporation also operates daily services connecting Tirunelveli - Thisayanvilai, and Thisayanvilai - [[Kalakkad]]. All Private buses have stop at Thattankkulam. Except Tirunelveli – Thisayanvilai End to End all other TNSTC buses stop at Thattankulam.

The nearest railway station is located at [[Nanguneri]] 4 km away. The nearest railway junctions are [[Tirunelveli Junction|Tirunelveli railway junction]] located at a distance of {{convert|35|km|mi|abbr=on}} and [[Nagercoil Railway Station|Nagercoil railway junction]] {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} away.

The nearest airport which is the [[Tuticorin Airport]] (TCR), located at Vaagaikulam in [[Thoothukkudi]] District, {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Thattankulam. The nearest international airports are the [[Madurai Airport]], located at a distance of {{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}} and the [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]](TRV) is about {{convert|125|km|mi|abbr=on}} away.

{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Destinations from Thattankulam'''
|Northwest = [[Kalakkad]]
|North = [[Nanguneri]]
|Northeast = [[Moolakaraipatti]]
|West = [[Eruvadi]]
|Centre = Thattankulam
|East = [[Sathankulam]]
|Southwest = [[Valliyur]]
|South = [[Radhapuram taluk|Radhapuram]]
|Southeast = [[Thisayanvilai]]
}}

==Religion==
===C.S.I Christ Church===
[[File:CSI Christ Church Thattankulam.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|C.S.I Christ Church, Thattankulam]]
This church is a part of Tirunelveli Diocese. On a Sunday morning there is Service at 9:00 am. Holy Communion is on the first Sunday of evening month at 11:00 am. Evening service is at 7:00 pm on every week days.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/district.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120821204402/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/district.php |date=21 August 2012 }} Nanguneri Taluk Map

{{Tenkasi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Tenkasi district]]

Suruthi Periyasamy

2025-10-14T05:59:53Z

Ajaymodi01: put up post

{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Suruthi Periyasamy
| image =
| caption = Suruthi in 2023
| native_name = 
| other_names =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| nationality = 
| alma_mater = [[Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Model}}
| years_active = 2021 – present
}}

'''Suruthi Periyasamy''' is an Indian actress and model who works predominantly in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=സുറുതി പെരിയസാമി - Suruthi Periyasamy |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/09/26/actress-suruthi-periyasamy-stunning-pictures.html |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=manoramaonline.com}}</ref> She made her debut in the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)|Bigg Boss 5]]'' appearing as an contestant.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2021 |title=The first thing I learnt was to speak for myself: Suruthi Periyasamy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-first-thing-i-learnt-was-to-speak-for-myself-suruthi/articleshow/91157515.cms |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2022, she signed her first film alongside actor [[M. Sasikumar]] in the film ''Nandhan''.

==Early life==
Suruthi was born in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu]], India. Suruthi completed her secondary school education at Holy Angel's school in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], she later attended [[Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research]] university and graduated with a bachelor's degree in [[Industrial biotechnology]]. Worked in Nestle INDIA and started her career as freelance model. Her goddess Lakshmi portrayal in "DARK IS DIVINE" was recognized worldwide and made her a famous model.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

== Career ==
Suruthi started her career as an pageant model appearing in various different model shoots around [[Chennai]]. In 2019, she auditioned for [[Femina Miss India 2019]] and was later selected as the state finalist representing [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2019 |title=Suruthi Periyasami's introduction at Miss India 2019 Tamil Nadu audition |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/suruthi-periyasamis-introduction-at-miss-india-2019-tamil-nadu-audition/videoshow/67870445.cms |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The following year, she auditioned in [[Miss Diva 2020]] as a model where she placed 18 put of 20 models.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2020 |title=Meet the stunning LIVA Miss Diva 2020 Finalists |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/meet-the-stunning-liva-miss-diva-2020-finalists-38935.html |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=filmfare.com}}</ref>

In 2021, she made her television debut in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)]]'' which aired on [[Star Vijay]] and where she was seen participating as an contestant, however she later got evicted from the show on day 35.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-08 |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 5, November 7: Suruthi Periyasamy gets eliminated from the Kamal Haasan's show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-5-november-7-suruthi-periyasamy-gets-eliminated-from-the-kamal-haasan-hosted-show-on-his-birthday/articleshow/87577076.cms#:~:text=She%20was%20evicted%20on%20the,along%20with%2017%20other%20contestants. |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2022, she returned to the spin-off version of ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' titled as ''[[Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)]]'' and participating as an contestant once again.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Big Boss Ultimate: Suruthi Periyasamy Walks Out of Show With Rs 15 Lakh Cash |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/big-boss-ultimate-suruthi-periyasamy-walks-out-of-show-with-rs-15-lakh-cash-4932683.html |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Later that year, Suruthi was offered her first debut film offer by director Era Saravanan to play the lead female role in his film ''Nandhan'' starring alongside actor [[M. Sasikumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Sasikumar paired opposite Bigg Boss fame Suruthi Periyasamy in film "Nandhan" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sasikumar-paired-opposite-bigg-boss-suruthi-periyasamy-in-era-saravanans-nandhan/articleshow/95881870.cms |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> She later agreed to the film and was cast as the lead female. In 2023, Suruthi was offered a role to play a [[lesbian]] role in the film ''Vaazhvu Thodangumidam Neethanae'' which once again she was starred as the main character, she accepted the offer and is currently filming for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vaazhvu Thodangumidam Neethanae Review : A bold story fails to make an impact with a predictable screenplay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/tamil/vaazhvu-thodangumidam-neethanae/ottmoviereview/104782215.cms |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
* ''All films are in Tamil unless otherwise noted''
* {{pending films key}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes !! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|-
|rowspan="3"|2023
|''[[Pizza 3: The Mummy]]''
|Ghostbuster
|
|
|-
|''[[Demon (2023 film)|Demon]]''
| Jessy
|
|
|-
|''Vaazhvu Thodangumidam Neethanae''
|Vinotha Parthasarathy
|Released in OTT platform
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Suruthi Periyasamy stars in Vazhvu Thodangumidam Needhane, a film on same-sex romance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suruthi-periyasamy-stars-in-vazhvu-thodangumidam-needhane-a-film-on-same-sex-romance/articleshow/97968235.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2 April 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| ''[[Nandhan]]''
|Selvi
|Debut as Lead actress
|<ref>{{cite news|date=29 August 2024|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/nandhan-to-release-on-september-20-article-112887725|title=M Sasikumar's Nandhan To Release On September 20|access-date=30 August 2024|url-status=live|newspaper=[[Times Now]]|archive-date=29 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829071509/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/nandhan-to-release-on-september-20-article-112887725}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Show
! Role
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| 2021|| [[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)|''Bigg Boss Tamil Season 5'']]|| Contestant || Evicted Day 35
|-
| 2022|| ''[[Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)]]''|| Contestant || Won 15lakhs suitcase playing against another contestant and walked out on 62nd day <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2022 |title=Big Boss Ultimate: Suruthi Periyasamy Walks Out of Show With Rs 15 Lakh Cash |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/big-boss-ultimate-suruthi-periyasamy-walks-out-of-show-with-rs-15-lakh-cash-4932683.html |access-date=2 April 2023 |website=news18.com}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Music video===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
! Notes
|-
|2022|| ''Karuppu Vellai'' ||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|13030690}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Periyasamy, Suruthi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Female models from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Salem, Tamil Nadu]]

{{Asia-pageant-bio-stub}}
{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Panar (Kundapura)

2025-09-23T19:29:24Z

Ajaymodi01: Added A Pg - done

{{distinguish|text=[[Panar]], a Muslim community of Gujarat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Short description|Community found in Karnataka}}
The '''Panar''' (singular ''Pana'') are a community found mainly in various districts of [[Karnataka]] including [[Kundapura Taluk]] and [[Udupi District]], India.<ref name="claus">{{cite web |first=Claus |last=Peter J. |title=Text Variability and Authenticity in Siri cult |url= http://class.csueastbay.edu/anthropology/claus/Siri/Texts/TextVariability.htm|archive-url= https://archive.today/20121214161047/http://class.csueastbay.edu/anthropology/claus/Siri/Texts/TextVariability.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 14 December 2012|publisher= class.csueastbay.edu|access-date=10 September 2012 }}</ref>

The Panar are classified as a [[scheduled caste]] by the [[government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Karnataka Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) {{!}} Lopol.org |url=https://www.lopol.org/article/list-of-karnataka-scheduled-castes-sc-and-scheduled-tribes-st |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=www.lopol.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Status of Scheduled Castes in Karnataka |url=https://www.im4change.org/docs/4179-chapter.pdf |website=www.im4change.org}}</ref> They are [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-speaking and show expertise in singing ''[[paddanas]]'' (folk songs), mainly in their native Kannada, and also in [[Tulu language]]s.

== Origin and Etymology ==

They claim to have originated from the Tulu-speaking Nalike/Panar of [[Tulunadu]] region of Karnataka.<ref name="claus" /> The name "''pana''" comes from the word "''pan''" which means "song" and ''Panan'' of [[Kerala]], who are also called ''panar'' in Kerala are by and large identical with this caste.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} The ''Panan'' caste is classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|scheduled caste]] in Kerala state.<ref>{{cite web|website=Indian Christians |title=The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes orders (Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/scheduled_castes_and_scheduled_tribes_orders_amendment_act_1956.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711014548/http://indianchristians.in/news/images/resources/pdf/scheduled_castes_and_scheduled_tribes_orders_amendment_act_1956.pdf|access-date=11 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>

==''Chikku'' cult==
The Panar community are specialised in performing a religious cult devoted to ''Chikku'', a group of spirits, by singing folk songs combined with dance, which are spirits widely believed and prayed to by common people in coastal districts. The songs sung by the Panar community in the [[Kannada|Kannada language]] are generally related to the [[Siri Paddana]] songs of the Tulu language.<ref name="claus"/>

They also perform ''bhootha nruthya'' which is similar to the "spiritual dance" practiced by the Panan community of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.<ref>{{cite book |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India |first1=Edgar |last1=Thurston |author-link=Edgar Thurston|first2=K. |last2=Rangachari |year=1909 |page=68 |location=Madras |publisher=Government Press |url=https://archive.org/stream/castestribesofso07thuriala/castestribesofso07thuriala_djvu.txt|access-date=10 September 2012}}</ref> In [[Tamil Nadu]], the women bards and dancers belonging to the "Panar" community were called "''viraliyar''" as mentioned in [[Sangam literature]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&dq=panar+community&pg=PA425|access-date=11 September 2012 |year= 2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788131711200 |page=425 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tamil Panar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Udupi District}}

[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Shudra castes]]
[[Category:People from Udupi district]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Kerala]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]

Dudi

2025-09-11T15:20:11Z

Ajaymodi01: Done

'''Dudi''' is a name.
==In the military==
{{See also|David of Basra}}
* [[Dudi of Basra]] (''Militant leader'') also entitled as David of Basra was a 3rd century [[Crusades|crusader]] and religious preacher to spread [[Christianity]] in India
==People==
===Clan organisation===
{{Anchor|Jat clansmen of Bagar}}'''Dudi''' also '''Dhudi''' is dynastically an heritable [[gotra]] found among the Royal [[Panwar|household of Panwar kinsman]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cug̲h̲tāʼī |first=Muḥammad Ikrām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mbZjAAAAMAAJ&q=see,+also+Dhudi |title=Babaji: Life and Teachings of Farid-ud Din Ganj-i Shakar |date=2006 |publisher=Sang-e- Meel Publications |isbn=978-969-35-1824-5 |page=129 |language=en |quote=They are most numerous along the valleys of the Jhelum and Chunab, and specially in the Jhang and Shahpur districts.' The Dhudis are a small Punwar (Panwar) clan found with their kinsmen}}</ref> and considered as one of the divisional sub-class among the [[Jat Sikh]] community, which tactically hold various landholdings
<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZnnNqfz3UYC&q=Dudi |title=Atlatl |date=1983 |publisher=University of Arizona |location=Georgia Libraries |publication-place=Department of Anthropology |page=29 |language=en |quote=1961-70; Jat (Bhaker, Bander, Dudi) * landowner's}}{{Vn|date=March 2025}}</ref> and remain politically active within the governmental affairs of [[Rajasthan]]. They emerged as the disingenuous identity and eradicate the corrupted system of [[Brahmins]] and don’t allow lower-tier Hindu priest to enter the local gurdwaras which constraining the old traditions alive to reintroduce [[Anand Karaj|Anand Karaj Act]] for Sikh religiosity.{{Attribution needed|date=March 2025}}

==People with the surname==
{{Col div}}
*[[Nadia Arop Dudi]], (born 1971), South Sudanese politician
*[[Rameshwar Lal Dudi]], Indian politician
*[[Ramnarayan Dudi]], Indian politician
*[[Sushila Dudi]], Indian activist and politician
*[[Chetan Dudi]], Indian politician
{{Col div end}}
==People with the given name==
Dudi is a diminutive of Dawid, the Hebrew form of [[David (name)|David]].{{cn|date=November 2024}}

*[[Dudi Appleton]], American journalist
*[[Dudi Sela]] (born 1985), Israeli tennis player

==See also==
* [[Dudhi]]
* [[Rajasthani people]]

== References ==
<references />{{Surname-stub}}
{{Authority control}}{{Indian Muslim communities|state=Collapsed}}{{Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab|state=collapsed}}{{Gotras of Jats|state=collapsed}}
{{Social groups of Rajasthan}}
{{given name|type=both}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dudhi community (caste)}}
[[Category:Surnames of Hindu origin]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Jat clans of Punjab]]
[[Category:Surnames of Pakistani origin]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Gotras]]
[[Category:Sikh communities]]
[[Category:Indian names]]
[[Category:Social groups of India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]

List of schools in Thiruvananthapuram district

2025-09-09T08:53:03Z

Ajaymodi01: formatting fix

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
__NOTOC__
{{multiple issues|
{{Abbreviations|article|date=May 2010}}
{{Cleanup list|date=November 2017}}
}}

[[Thiruvananthapuram district]] in [[Kerala]], India has a variety of schools affiliated to State education board, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Indian School Certificate Examination Board (ICSE), International Baccalaureate (IB) and [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education]] (IGCSE). Most of the ICSE/ISC schools in Kerala are found in Trivandrum, which makes Trivandrum city an educational hub in Kerala.
{{Compact ToC|short1}}

== A ==
{{div col|colwidth=}}
* [[Arya Central School]], Pattom TVM
{{div col end}}

== C ==
{{div col}}
* [[Chinmaya Vidyalaya]], Manacaud
* [[Chinmaya Vidyalaya]], Kunnumpuram
* [[Chinmaya Vidyalaya]], Vazhuthacaud
* [[Christ Nagar School, Thiruvananthapuram]], Kowdiar
{{div col end}}

==F==
{{div col}}
* [[Fort High School Thiruvananthapuram]]
{{div col end}}

== G ==
{{div col}}
* [[Government Higher Secondary School for Girls Cottonhill]], Vazhutacaud
* [[Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School]], Thycaud
* [[Government Model Higher Secondary School, Varkala]]
* [[G. V. Raja Sports School]], [[Aruvikkara]]
{{div col end}}

== J ==

== K ==
{{div col}}
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Akkulam]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Pallippuram, Thiruvananthapuram]]
* [[Kendriya vidyalaya pangode|Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pangode]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], [[Pattom]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], SAP, [[Peroorkada]]
{{div col end}}

== L ==
{{div col}}
* [[Loyola College of Social Sciences]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
* [[Loyola School, Thiruvananthapuram]]
{{div col end}}

== M ==
{{div col}}
* [[Mannam Memorial Residential Higher Secondary School]] (M M R H S S), Neeramankara
{{div col end}}

== N ==
* [[Nirmala Bhavan Higher Secondary School]], Kowdiar

== S ==
{{div col}}
* [[Saraswathi Vidyalaya]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Vattiyoorkavu]]
* [[SMV High School, Thiruvananthapuram]]
{{div col end}}

==T==
{{div col}}
* [[The Oxford School, Trivandrum|The Oxford School]], Kallattumukku
* [[Trivandrum International School]], Kizhuvalam
* [[The Charter School - India|The Charter School]], Goureesapattom
{{div col end}}

== V ==
{{div col}}
*[[VSSC Central School]], [[Kazhakuttom]]
{{div col end}}

==X==
* [[St. Xavier's College, Thumba]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]

== See also ==
* [[List of colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]

{{School education in India}}

[[Category:Schools in Thiruvananthapuram district| ]]
[[Category:Lists of schools in Kerala|Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Districts of India-related lists|Thiruvananthapuram schools]]
[[Category:Thiruvananthapuram-related lists|Schools]]

Uchalan

2025-08-07T02:51:42Z

Ajaymodi01:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date= March 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Uchalan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.0333|N|87.7833|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7,439
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713427
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03451
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 937 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Uchalan''' is a village in [[Raina II]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in [[West Bengal]], India.

==History==
Uchalan is a historical village, here remains of Mughal Battle Fort found. A large man-made lake measuring 62 acre situated towards north–south at the heart of this village. This lake at Uchalan which was dug by King Sher Shah Suri during his rule (1540 A.D.-1545 A.D.) in India. There were Mughal Inn (Sarai khana) at the bank of lake which was converted to daak-bungalow later in British rule.

==Geography==
The entire village surrounded by Agriculture land. There are many ponds within the village which is balancing eco-system.

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Uchalan had a total population of 7,439, of which 3,778 (51%) were males and 3,661 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 773. The total number of literates in Uchalan was 5,123 (76.85% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 March 2017 }}</ref>

==Economy==
Main occupation of the villagers is agriculture. Approximately 80% people living in this village directly and indirectly depend on Agriculture. About 10% people are in multiple services and about 10% people are involved in small shop-keeper businesses.

Uchalan is a vast and developing village where there is a one sub-post office, two nationalised banks, one petrol pump, seventeen rice mill, one animal health center, one State government circle office, and one state government affiliated library is located. This library is one of the largest libraries in the district.

==Transport==
It is located on Arambagh-Burdwan highway.

The proposed Arambagh-Bowaichandi railway line will run through inside this village.

==Education==
It has one higher secondary school, two government recognized primary schools, and two private schools for primary education. The high school, named as Uchalan High School, was set up in 1930.

Aklakhi High School is a coeducational higher secondary school at Uchalan. Established in 1955, it has arrangements for teaching from class VI to XII.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.icbse.com/schools/aklakhi-high-school-hs/19092909903 | title = Aklakhi High School| publisher = ICBSE |access-date = 6 February 2019}}</ref>

Uchalan High School, a coeducational institution, established in 1930. is affiliated with the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbbse.org/sburdwan.htm | title = West Bengal Board of Secondary Education | work = Burdwan | publisher = WBBSE | access-date = 6 February 2019 | archive-date = 2 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502213643/http://wbbse.org/sburdwan.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

There is also a privately owned high school in muidhara operated by [[Techno India Group Public School|Techno India Group Public School Konnagar]] established in 21st November 2025.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Bara Suzapur

2025-08-05T04:05:02Z

Ajaymodi01: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bara Suzapur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.907276|N|88.093665|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.4036
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 15808
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (For language and religion details see [[Kaliachak I#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732206
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03512
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bara Suzapur''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Kaliachak I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|24|57|0|N|88|1|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the southern portion of Malda district (including Kaliachak I, Kaliachak II, Kaliachak III, Manikchak and English Bazar CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|0|54|N|88|7|0|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Bagbari | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bagbari]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|52|46|N|88|2|5|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Baliadanga| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Baliadanga]] (CT)
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|mark-coord18={{coord|25|3|26|N|88|8|11|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Old Malda| numbered18=M| mark-title18=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color18= #800000
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Farakka Barrage| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|50|30|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Baisnabnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Baisnabnagar, Malda]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|58|35|N|88|0|9|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bangitola| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Bangitola]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|48|40|N|87|59|43|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Bedrabad| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bedrabad]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|7|50|N|87|52|15|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bhutni| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Bhutni, Malda]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|49|23|N|87|59|19|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Dariapur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Dariapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|52|5|N|88|1|29|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Kaliachak| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Kaliachak]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|50|47|N|88|8|26|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Mahadipur|labela26= checkpoint| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Mahadipur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
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|arc-coordB={{coord|24|50|0|N|87|51|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Bara Suzapur is located at {{coord|24.907276|N|88.093665|E|display=inline}}.

According to the map of Kaliachak CD block in the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, [[Chhota Suzapur]], Bara Suzapur, [[Chaspara]], [[Nazirpur, Malda|Nazirpur]], [[Bamangram]] and [[Jalalpur, Malda|Jalalpur]] form a cluster of census towns.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Kalichak I CD block, page 639| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 15 August 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the ''diara''. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the [[Fluvial processes|fluvial]] deposition of newer [[alluvium]]." The most note-worthy feature is the [[Farakka Barrage]] across the Ganges.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The area is a part of the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]], which is an overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural region]], but the area shown in the map has pockets of [[Urbanisation in India|urbanization]] with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the [[Kaliachak I]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The bank of the [[Ganges]] between [[Bhutni, Malda|Bhutni]] and [[Panchanandapur]] (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|left bank erosion]], a major problem in the Malda area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 16 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The ruins of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], capital of several empires, is located in this area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bara Suzapur had a total population of 15,808, of which 8,129 (51%) were males and 7,675 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 2,509. The total number of literate persons in Bara Suzapur was 10,315 (77.56% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 313615, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 14 August 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, Bara Suzapur covered an area of 2.4036 km2. It had 10 km roads with open drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, pressure tank, tap water from treated sources, hand pump. It had 340 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital (with 15 beds), 1 veterinary hospital, 8 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 1 senior secondary school in town, the nearest general degree college at [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] 12 km away. It had 2 recognised typewriting, shorthand and vocational training institutes, 2 non-formal education centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities, it had 1 public library. It produced resham silk, [[Mango#See also|mango products]], [[beedi]]. It had branch offices of 2 nationalised banks, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 775-786; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 775; Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 779-780; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 781-782; Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities: Pages 783-785; Statement VI: Industry & Banking, Page 786 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], with 10 beds at [[Sujapur, Malda|Sujapur]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 August 2021 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Malda district]]

Arsh Shah Dilbagi

2025-05-10T16:25:08Z

Ajaymodi01: new

{{Short description|Indian inventor and roboticist}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2013}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Arsh Shah Dilbagi
| image =
| birth_name = Arsh Shah Dilbagi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|03|26}}
| birth_place = [[Panipat]], Haryana, [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| caption =
| other_names = Robo<ref>{{Citation|last=Vice|title=A 16-Year-Old From India Built a Device to Convert Breath Into Speech|date=2016-06-14|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/an-indian-teenager-built-a-device-to-convert-breath-into-speech/}}</ref>
| education = [[Princeton University]]<ref>{{Citation|last=PBS NewsHour|title=Teen scientist's revolutionary speech device could grant language to the voiceless|date=2016-06-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y8pXfSgMr0|access-date=2016-09-19}}</ref>
| occupation = [[Inventor]], Founder of Arido
| years_active = 2011-present
| known_for = TALK: An Assistive Device that converts Breath into Speech.
CLUMSY: A quadruped robot.
| website = {{URL|robo.im}}
}}
'''Arsh Shah Dilbagi''' (born March 26, 1998) is an Indian scientist, inventor and [[roboticist]]. He completed his undergraduate at [[Princeton University]] studying [[Operations research|Operations Research]] and [[Financial engineering|Financial Engineering]].<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=PBS NewsHour|title=Teen scientist's revolutionary speech device could grant language to the voiceless|date=2016-06-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Y8pXfSgMr0|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref> He is the founder of Arido about which very little has been made public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/hv4gFBqU6IrW1YYvzpWUIK/A-technology-thrust-with-a-difference.html|title=A technology thrust with a difference|last=Menezes|first=Beryl|date=2015-01-14|work=livemint.com/|access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.celebrityspeakersindia.com/arsh-shah-dilbagi.html|title=Arsh Shah Dilbagi|website=Celebrity Speakers India|access-date=2017-03-25}}</ref>

==Career==

=== 2023 ===

* In 2023, the company of which he was CEO and Founder, Zage, shut down after having previously participated in Y-Combinator's Summer 2021 cohort.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zage: Pay by bank and earn rewards |url=https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/zage |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Y Combinator |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2015 ===
* In August 2015, he established an exhibit housing a [[Quadrupedalism|quadruped robot]] dog, at the Science and Innovation Museum in [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Presidential Residence]] at [[New Delhi]]. The exhibit is named 'A Day in the Life of a Robot Dog - CLUMSY'.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|title = President opens 'room of new ideas'|url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/president-opens-room-of-new-ideas/article7500309.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2015-08-05|access-date = 2015-12-02|issn = 0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Science and Innovation Gallery Opens for Public at Rashtrapati Bhavan|url = http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/science-and-innovation-gallery-opens-for-public-at-rashtrapati-bhavan-1203831|website = NDTV.com|access-date = 2015-12-02}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===

* In 2014, he developed 'TALK' which won the Voters' Choice Award at [[Google Science Fair|Google Science Fair 2014]].

==Notable work ==

=== 2016 ===

*'''CLUMSY''', A [[Quadrupedalism|quadruped]] [[robot]] with 16 [[Servomotor|Servo Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/503048/museum-kindles-spirit-innovation.html|title=Museum kindles spirit of innovation|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=2015-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/12730/now-speech-impaired-people-talk-simple-device-arsh-dilbagi-aac/|title=16-Year-Old Invents A Breath Enabled 'TALKing' Device To Help The Speech Impaired - The Better India|website=The Better India|access-date=2015-12-04}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===
* '''TALK''', an [[Assistive technology|Assistive Device]] to convert breath into speech.<ref>{{Cite web|title = EHF student gets Google Science Fair Award! Will your student be the next one? {{!}} EduHeal Blog|url = http://blog.eduhealfoundation.org/index.php/ehf-student-gets-google-science-fair-award-will-your-student-be-the-next-one/|website = blog.eduhealfoundation.org|access-date = 2015-12-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208083528/http://blog.eduhealfoundation.org/index.php/ehf-student-gets-google-science-fair-award-will-your-student-be-the-next-one/|archive-date = December 8, 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Indian Teenager Wins Google Science Fair's Voters Choice Award|url = http://www.asianscientist.com/2014/09/topnews/indian-teenager-wins-google-science-fairs-voters-choice-award/|website = Asian Scientist Magazine {{!}} Science, Technology and Medicine News Updates From Asia|date = 2014-09-24|access-date = 2015-12-02}}</ref> It uses the variations in person's breath help him either dictate letters which are further combined and synthesised as sentences or speak-out specific commands/phrases depending on the mode selected.<ref name=":21">[http://robo.im/work "Works of Arsh Shah Dilbagi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208165939/http://robo.im/work |date=December 8, 2015 }}. Arsh Shah Dilbagi | Robo.im</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = 2014 Google Science Fair Projects Set To Change The World|url = http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/2014-google-science-fair-projects-set-change-world/|website = MakeUseOf|access-date = 2015-12-02}}</ref>

==Notable awards ==

=== 2015 ===

*[[Intel International Science and Engineering Fair]] (ISEF): Third Grand Award in the [[Embedded system|Embedded Systems]] Category, conferred by [[Intel]] and [[Society for Science and the Public|Society for Science]] at Intel ISEF 2015 held at Pittsburgh, USA.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.societyforscience.org/content/press-room/intel-isef-2015-grand-award-winners|title=Intel ISEF 2015 Grand Award winners|website=Society for Science|access-date=2015-12-01|archive-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905173642/https://www.societyforscience.org/content/press-room/intel-isef-2015-grand-award-winners|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/young-indians-bag-top-honours-intel-isef-awards-us-2297768.html|title=Young Indians bag top honours at Intel ISEF awards in US - Firstpost|website=Firstpost|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/24180/brilliant-young-indian-students-win-awards-at-the-prestigious-intel-science-fair/|title=7 Brilliant Young Indian Students who Won Awards at the Prestigious Intel Science Fair - The Better India|website=The Better India|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=http://metrovaartha.com/en/2015/06/16/young-innovators-from-india-hog-limelight-in-intel-fair-in-us/|title=Young innovators from India hog limelight in Intel fair in US|website=Metrovaartha English Edition|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatsmovingindia.com/content/7-brilliant-young-indian-students-who-won-awards-prestigious-intel-science-fair|title=7 Brilliant Young Indian Students who Won Awards at the Prestigious Intel Science Fair|website=What'sMovingIndia|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref> and [[American Psychological Association]] (APA) Third place ($500) .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://digitallearning.eletsonline.com/2015/06/indian-innovators-win-top-honours-at-the-intel-isef/|title=Indian Innovators win Intel ISEF {{!}} digitalLEARNING Magazine|website=digitalLEARNING Magazine|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/topss/isef-winners.aspx|title=Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Winners|website=www.apa.org|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref> and [[American Intellectual Property Law Association]] ([[AIPLA]]): first place at the same event.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aipla.org/about/newsroom/PR/Pages/150529PressRelease.aspx|title=AIPLA Congratulates 2015 AIPLA Prize Winners at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair|website=www.aipla.org|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://irisnationalfair.org/selected-projects/|title=Selected Projects - IRIS National Fair|website=irisnationalfair.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124120/http://irisnationalfair.org/selected-projects/|archive-date=March 4, 2016|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/15-teams-to-take-part-in-US-science-fair/articleshow/45399427.cms|title=15 teams to take part in US science fair|work=The Times of India|access-date=2015-12-01|agency=TNN}}</ref>

=== 2014 ===

*[[Google Science Fair]] ([[Google Science Fair|GSF]]): Google Science Fair Voter's Choice Award, conferred by [[Google|Google Inc.]] at GSF 2014, held at Google HQ., Mountain View, California, USA.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150319/jsp/you/story_9406.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208135814/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150319/jsp/you/story_9406.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 8, 2015|title=What an idea, Sirji|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/interview-16-year-old-brings-in-a-boon-for-the-differently-abled-exhale-and-express-2052536|title=16 year old brings in a boon for the differently abled: Exhale and express {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|website=dna|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/9247/Converting-breath-to-speech--Google-Science-Fair-project.aspx|title=Converting breath to speech - Google Science Fair project > ENGINEERING.com|website=www.engineering.com|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-science-fair-2014-winners/|title=2014 Google Science Fair winners|website=www.cbsnews.com|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.education.nationalgeographic.org/2014/09/23/google-science-fair-winners-2/|title=Google Science Fair Winners|website=Nat Geo Education Blog|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref>
* Special Mention (4th place) in the E-Inclusion & Accessibility category at Manthan Award, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.manthanaward.org/section_full_story.asp?id=1428|title=The manthan Award South Asia and Asia Pacific|website=archive.manthanaward.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208130148/http://archive.manthanaward.org/section_full_story.asp?id=1428|archive-date=December 8, 2015|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://manthanaward.org/e-inclusion-accessibilty-winner-2014/|title=E-Inclusion & {{as written|Accessibil|ty [sic]}} – Winner 2014|website=manthanaward.org|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref>
* Second position at i3 - Indian Innovation Initiative 2014 held at Noida Expo Mart, Noida, India.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/innovators-chat-726785.html|title=Watch: Innovators talk about 'India Innovation Initiative 2014'|website=www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/innovators-chat-726785.html|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scoopwhoop.com/inothernews/arsh-shah-dilbagi-talk-using-breath/|title=This 16-Year-Old Indian Is Helping People With Speech Disorders To Talk|date=2015-08-20|website=ScoopWhoop|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ciiinnovation.in/i3-2014-National-Fair-Award-Winners.php|title=ciiinnovation.in|website=www.ciiinnovation.in|access-date=2015-12-01}}</ref>

===2011===
* [[Inspire Awards|INSPIRE Award]]: Winning the 1st Position in North Zone, India for project '[[Unmanned ground vehicle|Unmanned Ground Vehicle]] (UGV)' in INSPIRE National Science Competition held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.<ref>"[http://www.inspireawards-dst.gov.in/download/inspire-award-completion.pdf Inspire Award Winners]". ''Inspire Award by Government of India.'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121172216/http://www.inspireawards-dst.gov.in/download/inspire-award-completion.pdf|date=2022-01-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links ==
*[http://robo.im/ Official Website]

{{Portal bar|Biography|Internet|United States|India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dilbagi, Arsh Shah}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Society for Science & the Public]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Indian roboticists]]
[[Category:Indian business speakers]]
[[Category:Princeton University people]]
[[Category:People from Panipat district]]

Lakshmana Kumara

2025-04-03T08:19:38Z

Ajaymodi01: fixed issues

#REDIRECT [[Lakshmana (Mahabharata)]]

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Bhamoura Khas

2025-03-19T10:14:53Z

Ajaymodi01: small changes

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhamoura khas
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|4|25|N|78|52|11|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tikamgarh district|Tikamgarh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Niwari, Madhya Pradesh|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tehsil|Niwari, Madhya Pradesh]]
| leader_title3 = [[Sarpanch of Bhamoura khas (India)|Sarpanch]]
| leader_name3 = '''Mr. Yadvendra singh yadav''' {'''Brajendra'''} - 17th Jan 2015 to present
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Gram Panchayat
| governing_body = [[Sarpanch]] & Panch
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1122
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bundeli]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 472447
| registration_plate = MP36
| website =
| footnotes =
[[File:Badi mata mandir.jpg|thumb|]]
}}'''Bhamoura Khas''' is a village and a [[gram panchayat]] in [[Niwari, Madhya Pradesh|Niwari]] Tehsil in the [[Tikamgarh district]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Bhamoura Khas belongs to the [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]] Division. It is located 78 kilometers north from the district headquarters [[Tikamgarh]] and 317 kilometers from the state capital [[Bhopal]]. Bhamoura Khas is on the border of the [[Tikamgarh]] District and [[Jhansi]] District. Bhamoura Khas is surrounded by [[Prithvipur]] Tehsil on the South, [[Mauranipur]] Tehsil on the East, and [[Chirgaon]] Tehsil on the North.

==Demographics==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/final_pca.aspx|title=Census of India: Search Details|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref> Bhamoura Khas had a population of 1122. There were 586 males and 536 females. 149 people were under the age of 6. Bhamoura Khas had a literacy rate of 62.5%, while 39.3% of its population belong to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gloriousindia.com/unleashed/place.php?id=114234|title=Bhamoura - A village in the mandal of Niwari, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, India|website=www.gloriousindia.com|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Nathu Ram Ahirwar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}

[[Category:Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Tikamgarh]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tikamgarh district]]
[[Category:Villages in Tikamgarh district]]

Kudremukh Shram Shakthi Sanghatan

2025-02-23T22:30:31Z

Ajaymodi01: adjust formatting based on references further and added references

{{Short description|Miners' trade union in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
'''''Kudremukh Shram Shakthi Sanghatan''''' (KSSS, Kudremukh Labour Power Organization), a [[trade union]] at the [[Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd.]], Karnataka, India.

KSSS is affiliated to ''[[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]]''. The general secretary of KSSS is S. Venkataraya, and the President is M. Sureshchandra Shetty Asst General Secretary is A Rajaguru. other office bearers are S R Kubera setty Ashwathanarayana B T Padmanabha Shetty Suresh Babu Channakeshava B R.

==Further reading==
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20041126185945/http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/2000/07/18/stories/141861pm.htm "Union seeks PM's intervention"]}}, ''[[Business Line]]'', 2000
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121014055919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-23/bangalore/27110743_1_ill-treating-kudremukh-police-station "Cops accused of ill-treating Kudremukh activist"], ''[[Times of India]]'', 2002
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704014720/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2301/stories/20060127004103200.htm "Waiting for a miracle"], ''[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]'', 2006
*http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/kudremukh-trade-union-meets-karnataka-cm/article6221154.ece

{{Portal|Organized labour}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}

[[Category:Trade unions in India]]
[[Category:Hind Mazdoor Sabha-affiliated unions]]

{{India-trade-union-stub}}

Ayaz Rasool Nazki

2025-01-09T18:15:32Z

Ajaymodi01: stub

{{Short description|Indian author (born 1951)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ayaz Rasool Nazki
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1951|5|19}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir]]
| parents = [[Ghulam Rasool Nazki]] (father)
| image =AYAZ_RASOOL_NAZKI.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Educator, poet, writer, painter
| language = Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Kashmiri
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| movement =
| notable_works =
| children =
}}
'''Ayaz Rasool Nazki''' (born 25 May 1951)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/ayaz-rasool-nazki/profile | title=Ayaz Rasool Nazki - Profile & Biography }}</ref> is an Indian author, painter, and educator.<ref name="Poet Ayaz Rasool Nazki">{{cite news|title=Poet Ayaz Rasool Nazki|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/there-are-two-kashmirs-today-poet-ayaz-rasool-nazki/article29529179.ece|work=The Hindu |date=27 September 2019|last1=Rao|first1=Ramdas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ayaz Rasool Nazki|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/17940758.Ayaz_Rasool_Nazki|publisher=Good Reads Com }}</ref>
He has written books in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] on poetry, prose, novel, and biographical account. He also writes in English and Urdu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poet Ayaz Rasool Nazki|url=https://www.vitastapublishing.com/index.php/19-our-author/236-ayaz-rasool-nazki|publisher=Vitasta Publishing }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal|title= Songs of Light by Ayaz Rasool Nazki|journal=Contemporary Literary Review India|date=5 August 2017|volume=4|issue=3|pages=117–123|url=https://literaryjournal.in/index.php/clri/article/view/356/481|publisher=literaryjournal}}</ref>

He is the former regional director of the Jammu & Kashmir chapter of the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/ayaz-rasool-nazki-to-head-iccr-kashmir-for-2-more-years/|title= Ayaz Rasool Nazki to head ICCR|publisher=Greater Kashmir, Srinagar|date= |access-date=2020-08-12}}</ref><ref name="express">{{Cite news|title=What is Sharada Peeth?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/what-is/what-is-sharada-peeth-5474669/ |work =[[Indian Express Limited|The Indian Express]]|date=2 December 2018|access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>

Recently his new book 'Barf Pighalne Tak'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nazki |first=Ayaz Rasool |url=https://www.rajmangalpublishers.com/product-page/barf-pighalne-tak |title=Barf Pighalne Tak |publisher=Rajmangal Prakashan |year=2023 |isbn=978-8119251506 |edition=1st |location=India |pages=127 |language=Hindi |translator-last=Nisar Azam}}</ref> translated from Urdu to Hindi, has been published by Rajmangal Prakashan, India.

==Life==
Born in a [[Sayyid|Syed]] family of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] Ayaz Rasool Nazki's father, [[Ghulam Rasool Nazki]] was also a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] poet, writer, broadcaster, and teacher.<ref name="Life Life 2018">{{cite web | last=Life | first=Kashmir | title=Recreating Satisar | website=Kashmir Life | date=2018-06-03 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/recreating-satisar-176490/ | access-date=2020-07-11}}</ref> He wrote books, including poetry in [[regional language|regional]] and foreign languages such as Urdu, [[Persian language|Persian]], Arabic and later work in [[Kashmiri language]].<ref name="Poet Ayaz Rasool Nazki"/>

He is thought to be the first person from the [[Indian-administered Kashmir]] to have visited the [[Sharada Peeth]].<ref name="express"/>

==Awards==
Nazki is the recipient of the Sadiq Memorial Award, 2004, Shiksha Ratna Award, 2003, Robe of Honour by [[University of Jammu|Jammu University]], 2008, Bakhshi Memorial Award 2017 for his literary contributions.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/admired-for-not-mincing-words/story-yiQDdnyGLpmZQLakluVyjL.html|title=Admired for not mincing words|date=October 16, 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/flower-saplings-sown-nettles-grown/ | title=Flower saplings were sown and nettles have grown | date=8 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=SATISAR BOOK|date=December 2021|id={{ASIN|9386473232|country=in}} }}</ref>

== Position held ==
Nazki was the founder Registrar of [[Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University]] which is located in the border district of Rajouri, 150 Miles from [[Jammu]] the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/ayaz-rasool-nazki-to-head-iccr-kashmir-for-2-more-years. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121170233/https://www.greaterkashmir.com/kashmir/ayaz-rasool-nazki-to-head-iccr-kashmir-for-2-more-years |date=21 November 2021 }}</ref> He also worked as Registrar, [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir ]] a national level agricultural university located in R S PURA, Jammu, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India<ref>{{cite web |url=https://icar.org.in/content/state-agricultural-universities-0|title=SUAST, Jammu |date=April 24, 2016|website=icar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skuast.org/site/Templates%20HTML/annual-report/annual-report-03-04.pdf|title=SKUAST-Jammu|access-date=14 January 2022|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108023116/https://skuast.org/site/Templates%20HTML/annual-report/annual-report-03-04.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazki, Ayaz Rasool}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Sundarrao Solanke

2025-01-04T01:07:28Z

Ajaymodi01: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian politician (1927–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2017}}

'''Sundarrao Abasaheb Solanke''' (1927–2014) was an Indian politician who served as [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Senior veteran congress leader Sundarrao Solanke passed away|url=http://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/last-right-of-former-deputy-cm-sundarrao-solanke-1038973/|website=google India|accessdate=26 October 2017|date=7 November 2014}}</ref>

{{Infobox Indian politician
| image =
| imagesize =
| name = Sundarrao Abasaheb Solanke
| caption =
| birth_date = 17 September 1927
| birth_place = Mohkhed, [[Marathwada]], Hyderabad Princely State
| residence =
| death_date = 5 November 2014
| death_place = [[Majalgaon]], [[Maharashtra]]
| constituency = [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon]]
| office = 2nd [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Sharad Pawar]]
| governor = [[Sadiq Ali (freedom fighter)|Sadiq Ali]]
| term_start = 18 July 1978
| term_end = 17 February 1980
| predecessor = [[Nasikrao Tirpude]]
| successor = [[President's Rule]]
| office1 = President, Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = President, Beed Zilla Parishad
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party =
| spouse =
| children = [[Prakashdada Solanke]] Dhairyashil Solanke Chandrakant Solanke
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = http://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/last-right-of-former-deputy-cm-sundarrao-solanke-1038973/
}}

== Developmental work ==
The construction of Beed-Parali road, [[Parli Thermal Power Station|Parali Thermal Power plant]], [[Majalgaon Dam|Majalgaon dam]], Majalgaon hydroelectric project, [[Kundlika Dam|Kundalika project]] were started and completed during his time by his efforts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sundarrao Solanke passed away|url=http://prahaar.in/tag/माजी-उपमुख्यमंत्री/ |website=google India|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Prakashdada Solanke]]

*[[Baburao Narsingrao Kokate (Adaskar)]]

* [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solanke, Sundarrao}}
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Beed district]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian Congress (Socialist) politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1978–1980]]

Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)

2024-12-22T03:49:26Z

Ajaymodi01: small changes

#REDIRECT [[Arjun Singh (Congress politician)]]

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Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park

2024-11-15T22:15:43Z

Ajaymodi01: Added Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox museum
|name = Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|map_type =
|coordinates = {{coord|18.6403|73.8000|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|established = {{Start date and age|2013|02|08|df=y}}
|location = [[Pimpri Chinchwad]], [[Pune]]
|type = Science and Technology Museum
|visitors =
|director =
|curator =
|publictransit =
|embedded =
|website = [https://www.pcsciencepark.org/ pcsciencepark.org]
}}
'''Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park''' is a [[science center]] in [[Pimpri Chinchwad]], [[Pune]], [[India]] built by the [[Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation]] in 2013. The complex houses a Science Centre, museum, an art gallery, an auditorium, an [[Amphitheatre]] and a planetarium.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mypunepulse.com/pimpri-deputy-chief-minister-devendra-fadnavis-inaugurates-pimpri-chinchwad-planetarium-project/|title=Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis Inaugurates Pimpri Chinchwad Planetarium Project|website=www.mypunepulse.co|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>

==Science Centre==
{{unreferenced section|date= December 2023}}
The science centre forms the main part of the complex. It houses a Fun Science Gallery which shows science exhibits. The centre is divided into 7 core areas that are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punetourism.co.in/pimpri-chinchwad-science-park-pune|title=All about Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park|website=www.punetourism.co.in|access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>
* Automobile
* Fun science
* Energy
* [[Climate change]]
* 3D show
* Science park
* Dino Park
* [[Amphitheatre]]
* Planetarium
* Art Gallery
* Auditorium

==See also==
* [[List of science centers#Asia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{Pune topics|state=collapsed}}{{portalbar|India}}


[[Category:Science museums in India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Maharashtra]]

{{improve categories|date=December 2023}}

P. Ayyaneth

2024-06-30T20:06:35Z

Ajaymodi01: Added A Info

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
[[File:P. Ayyaneth.jpg|right|200px]]
'''Pathrose Ayyaneth''' (1928 - 2008), popularly known as '''P. Ayyaneth''', was a [[Malayalam|Malayalam-language]] novelist, short story writer and poet from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. Born in 1928 at [[Chandanappally]], [[Pathanamthitta]], Ayyaneth graduated in mathematics and worked as a teacher, journalist and government employee. After retiring as assistant director of the Bureau of Economics and Statistics, he practised as a lawyer. His entered the literary field with a poem titled ''Parimalam'', written at the age of 15. He soon began writing prose. Many of his novels appeared as serials in periodicals in the 1960s and 1970s. A prolific writer, he penned 40 novels, 10 short story collections, a few plays and articles. His widely read novels included ''Manushya Nee Mannakunnu, Thiruseshippu'' and ''Vazhvemayam''. Six of his novels have become films. Ayyaneth died in a hospital on 17 June 2008 of injuries suffered in a road accident. He was hit by the driver of a [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooter]] while he was crossing the road near his house in [[Kumarapuram]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016083603/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/18/stories/2008061855111000.htm "Writer P. Ayyaneth passes away"]. ''The Hindu''. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1171791/report-noted-writer-p-ayyaneth-died "Noted writer P Ayyaneth died"]. ''Daily News and Analysis''. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924120533/http://www.sify.com/mobile/news/malayalam-writer-ayyaneth-dead-news-national-jegrADhgced.html "Malayalam writer Ayyaneth dead"]. Sify.com. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2013.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyaneth, P.}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Malayalam short story writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Pedestrian road incident deaths]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]