Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Namrata Sambherao

2026-05-08T05:53:30Z

Aidan93118681:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Namrata Sambherao
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|08|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Yogesh Sambherao |2013}}
| children = 1
}}

'''Namrata Sambherao''' ([[née]] '''Awate'''; born 29 August 1989) is an Indian Marathi film, television and theatre actress. She is best known for her various roles in the popular comedy show ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]'' and has established herself as one of the prominent comedic performers in contemporary Marathi entertainment.

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2016
|''Happiness is...''
|
|[[Short film]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Is Actress Namrata Sambherao s Husband Yogesh Sambherao? |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994591030/Who-Is-Actress-Namrata-Sambheraos-Husband-Yogesh-Sambherao |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=India Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kiran Kulkarni vs Kiran Kulkarni]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-27 |title='किरण कुलकर्णी V/S किरण कुलकर्णी' |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/kiran-kulkarni-vs-kiran-kulkarni-1135374/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ventilator (2016 film)|Ventilator]]''
|Rashmi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Priyanka Chopra's Marathi debut trailer is out |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ventilator-marathi-movie-trailer/articleshow/54912210.cms |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-02 |title=Ventilator (Marathi Movie) Review |url=https://thecommonmanspeaks.com/ventilator-marathi-movie-review/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The Common Man Speaks |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2021
|''Altun Paltun''

|Lajjo Joshi (Lajwanti)
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Altun Paltun (2021) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/altun-paltun-2021 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" | 2023
| ''[[Vaalvi]]''
| Talkative Lady
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-07 |title=Video: 'महाराष्ट्राची हास्यजत्रा' पाठोपाठ नम्रता संभेराव आता मोठ्या पडद्यावरून प्रेक्षकांना हसवण्यासाठी सज्ज, अभिनेत्रीचा प्रोमो आउट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/namrata-sanbherao-shared-her-promo-from-the-upcoming-film-vaalvi-rnv-99-3383707/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|''Salman Society''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Information |first=Film |date=2023-11-17 |title=‘SALMAN SOCIETY’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 17 November, 2023 – Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/salman-society-marathi-review-17-november-2023/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ekda Yeun Tar Bagha]]''
|Ashwini
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2023-11-14 |title=रिअल लाईफसोबत रिल लाईफमध्ये एकत्र, नम्रता संभेरावसोबत पतीही दिसणार ‘या’ चित्रपटात |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/namrata-sambherao-working-with-husband-yogesh-sambherao-in-movie-ekda-yeun-tar-bagha-cb99 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Saam TV]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2024
|''[[Nach Ga Ghuma]]''
|Ashatai
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi for Best Supporting Actress]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Shooting Begins For Nach Ga Ghuma, Swwapnil Joshi's First Marathi Film As Producer |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/marathi-film-nach-ga-ghuma-swwapnil-joshis-debut-as-producer-starts-shooting-8758552.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |2026
|''[[Super Duperr]]''
|Suman
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadam |first=Shruti Vilas |date=2026-02-09 |title=Super Duper: रंगणार कौटुंबिक महासोहळा; ललित प्रभाकर-निर्मिती सावंत यांचा नवा चित्रपट 'सुपर डुपर' लवकरच प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/lalit-prabhakar-nirmitee-sawant-new-marathi-movie-super-duper-teaser-has-been-released-on-social-media-svk01 |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Marathi News {{!}} Saam TV |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2010
|''[[Fu Bai Fu]]''
| rowspan="2" |Contestant
|
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" | 2018–present
|''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Video : जेव्हा 'महाराष्ट्राची हास्यजत्रा' फेम नम्रता संभेरावचा लेक डायबिटीजचा अर्थ सांगतो तेव्हा...; व्हिडीओ पाहून तुम्हालाही हसू आवरणार नाही|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/maharashtrachi-hasyajatra-fem-namrata-sambherao-share-her-son-video-on-instagram-see-details-kmd-95-3492057/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2020
|''Aathshe Khidkya Naushe Daara''
|Lalita
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-08 |title=Now, a WFH show is being made for Marathi television |work=[[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/now-a-wfh-show-is-being-made-for-marathi-television/articleshow/75620147.cms |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;" | 2020–2021
| ''[[Maharashtra's Best Dancer]]''
| Host
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-30 |title=Sankarshan Karhade to host Maharashtra's Best Dancer |work=[[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sankarshan-karhade-to-host-maharashtras-best-dancer/articleshow/79492267.cms |access-date=2023-12-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align: center;" |2023
|''Gemadpanthi''
|Begum
|Web series
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=2023-05-29 |title=Gemadpanthi: जेव्हा तुमच्या नशिबात सेक्स असतं तेव्हा.. 'गेमाडपंथी'चा ट्रेलर हेडफोन लावूनच बघा.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/planet-marathi-new-marathi-web-series-gemadpanthi-trailer-out-nsa95 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-11-06 |title='या' मराठी वेब सीरिज हिंदी वेब सीरिजला देखील मागे टाकतील |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-web-series-on-ott-bold-marathi-web-series-watch-kaale-dhande-to-gemadpanthi-1226105 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[ABP Majha]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

=== Theatre ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: center;"| 2021–2023
| ''[[Kurrr]]''
| Pooja
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=KURRR Marathi Play: प्रसाद खांडेकर-नम्रता संभेरावनं सोडलं 'कुर्रर्रर्र' नाटक! पोस्ट लिहीत विशाखा सुभेदार म्हणते... |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/prasad-khandekar-and-namrata-sambherao-left-kurrr-play-vishakha-subhedar-share-post-141701673563334.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title="मज्जाच गेली...", नम्रता संभेरावची नाटकातून एक्झिट अन् नेटकरी झाले नाराज, विशाखा सुभेदार म्हणाली, "आधीच..." |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-fame-namrata-sambherao-and-prasad-khandekar-exit-from-kurrr-drama-vishaka-subhedar-reacted-to-netizen-questions-sva-00-4084062/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7335270}}
* {{Instagram|namrata_rudraaj}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sambherao, Namrata}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian theatre people]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]

List of Indian Bengali films of 2014

2026-05-06T07:53:19Z

Aidan93118681: New!

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Outdated as of|2014|08|27|topic=Cinema of West Bengal}}
{{Bengali films}}
This is a list of [[Bengali language]] films released in [[India]] in the year 2014.

== January–March ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | '''Opening'''
! Title
! style="width:15%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast
! Genre
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References and Notes}}
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87; textcolor:#000;"| '''J A N U A R Y'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;" | '''3'''
| ''[[Doorbeen]]'' || Swagato Chowdhury || Rangeet, Diptodeep, Ahana, [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]], [[Shantilal Mukherjee]], [[Anjana Basu]], [[Aparajita Auddy]], [[Aritra Dutta Banik]] || [[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| ''[[Hridayer Shabdo]]'' || Sushanta Pal Choudhury || Aviraj, Pamela Mondal, [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], Samrat Mukherjee, Sukanta Mondol, Anuradha Roy, Debapriya, Runa Choudhury || [[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kolkata]]'' || [[Satarupa Sanyal]] || [[Ritabhari Chakraborty]], Ronnie Chakraborty, Nimisha Dey Sarkar, Anindya Banerjee, Sudip Mukherjee, Dwijen Bandyopadhyay, [[Rajatava Dutta]], Debdut Ghosh || [[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;" | '''17'''
| ''[[Jaatishwar]]'' || [[Srijit Mukherji]] || [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Riya Sen]], [[Mamata Shankar]], [[Ananya Chatterjee]], [[Anupam Roy]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], Sumit Samaddar, Tamal Ray Chowdhury, [[Rupam Islam]], Kabir Suman, Dwijen Banerjee, Sujan Mukherjee || [[Musical film|Musical]]/[[Drama film|Historical drama]] ||
|-
| ''Kartooz'' || Panna Hossain || Pasha, Sumita Chatterjee, Anindita Chatterjee, Faruque Azam, Mallinath Datta, Manawar Aftab, Meera Jasmine || [[Action film|Action]] ||
|-
| ''Neellohit'' || Bishnu Palchaudhuri || [[Samadarshi Dutta]], [[Jhilik Bhattacharya]], Rohan Bhattacharjee, Asim Mukherjee, Chanda Chatterjee, [[Kamalika Banerjee]], [[Monu Mukhopadhyay]], Parthasarathi Deb || [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''[[Strings of Passion]]'' || Sanghamitra Chaudhuri || [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]], Shubh Mukherji, [[Indrani Haldar]], Avalok Nagpal, Amit Trishaan, Paru Gambhir, Sangita Sonali, Ekavali Khanna, Saqi || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;" | '''31'''
| ''[[Bangali Babu English Mem]]'' || [[Rabi Kinagi]] || [[Mimi Chakraborty]], [[Soham Chakraborty]], [[Rajatava Dutta]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''Chokher Paani'' || Sarfaraz Alam || [[Bidita Bag]], R. Badree, Ashok Biswanathan, Dweep Mithun, Heerok Das, Ronjini Chakraborty, [[Tanushree Dutta]], Tridib Ghosh || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sare Chuattar Ghosh Para]]'' || Soumo, Supriyo Dutta || Arnab Banerjee, Ginia Ghosh, Pamela Mondal, Parthasarathi Chakraborty, Pulakita Ghosh || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||
|-
| ''[[The Royal Bengal Tiger (film)|The Royal Bengal Tiger]]'' || Deb Bera || [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Priyanka Sarkar]], [[Shraddha Das]]|| [[Action film|Action]] ||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7; textcolor:#000;"| '''F E B R U A R Y'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7; textcolor:#000;" | '''7'''
| ''[[Chaya Manush]]'' || Arindam Dey || [[Paoli Dam]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] || [[Horror film|Horror]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| ''[[Masoom (2014 film)|Masoom]]'' || Parthasarathi Joardar & Sanjib Sarkar(Music Director) || Aakash Chowdhury, Ritika, Arijit Guha, Krishnokishore Mukherjee, Manjushree Ganguly, Mousumi Saha, [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]], [[Sudipta Chakraborty]]|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''Singur: A Rescue Operation'' || Rajeev Gupta || Anushree Basu, Mainak Bhaumik, Anuj Agarwal, Debjit Kushari, Deepak Agrawal, Deepika Dey, Gargi Banerjee, Jamaluddin Shams, Krishnakali Ganguly, Kunal Purkait, Niladri Halder, Pradeep Dey|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7; textcolor:#000;" | '''14'''
| ''[[Obhishopto Nighty]]'' || [[Birsa Dasgupta]] || [[Paoli Dam]], [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Tanusree Chakraborty]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], [[Priyanka Sarkar]], [[Neel Mukherjee (actor)|Neel Mukherjee]], [[Bhaswar Chattopadhyay]], [[Locket Chatterjee]], [[Laboni Sarkar]], [[Tanima Sen]]|| [[Fantasy film|Fantasy]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7; textcolor:#000;" | '''21'''
| ''Biye Not Out'' || Abhijit Guha, [[Sudeshna Roy]] || [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]], [[Chaiti Ghoshal]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], Abhijit Guha, Abhrajit Chakraborty, Sudeshna Roy, Arunava Mukherjee, Phalguni Chatterjee|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''[[Taan (2014 film)|Taan]]'' || Mukul Roy Choudhury || [[Rituparna Sengupta]], Sumanto Chattopadhyay, [[Chandan Sen]], Debdut Ghosh, [[Debolina Dutta]], [[Kaushik Sen]], Nandini Chatterjee, Pamela Bhutoria, [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7; textcolor:#000;" | '''28'''
| ''10th July'' || Ratul Ganguly || [[Chiranjeet]], [[Rituparna Sengupta]], Abhrajit Chakraborty, Anushka Nandi, [[Debashree Roy]], [[Dulal Lahiri]], [[Kanchana Moitra]], Rupa Bhattacharya|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''Jodi Love Dile Na Praane'' || Abhijit Guha, Sudeshna Roy || [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Ananya Chatterjee]], Alokananda Roy, [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Kaushik Sen]], Tridha Choudhury|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#87f7bf; textcolor:#000;"| '''M A R C H'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;" | '''14'''
| ''[[Pendulum (2014 film)]]'' || [[Soukarya Ghosal]] || [[Radhika Apte]], Doelpakhi Dasgupta, [[Samadarshi Dutta]], [[Rajatava Dutta]], [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]], [[Shantilal Mukherjee]], [[Sreelekha Mitra]], [[Subhasish Mukhopadhyay]]|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| ''Aami Je Tomaar'' || Sanjeev Rai || Dheeraj Pandit Sharma, Mukul Nag, Suporna Malkar, [[Abhishek Chatterjee]], Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Indrani Samantha, Madhumita Sarkar, Poushali Dutta|| [[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
|''Path Ghat'' || Partha Ganguly || [[Joy Sengupta]], [[Moubani Sorcar]], [[Biswanath Basu]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], Debdut Ghosh|| [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;" | '''21'''
| ''[[Bhoot Bhooturey Samuddurey]]'' || Swapan Ghosal || [[Bhaswar Chattopadhyay]], [[Manoj Mitra]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]]|| [[Mystery film|Mystery]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;" | '''28'''
| ''Aalo Chhaya'' || Anasuya Samanta || Anasuya Samanta, Manajit Boral, Riya Mukherjee, Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, [[Anamika Saha]], [[Bibhu Bhattacharya]], [[Ramaprasad Banik]], [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], [[Indrani Mukherjee (Hindi film actress)|Indrani Mukherjee]] || [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''Teen Patti'' || Dipayan Mondal, Rehana Parveen Jenny || [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Pooja Bose]], [[Rimjhim Mitra]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[Ushasie Chakraborty]], Alokesh Mitra, Argha Basu, Chiradip Chowdhury, Koushik Roy, Nitya Ganguly, Saptarshi Ray, Sharmistha Banerjee, Subhasis Ghosh|| [[Romance film|Romance]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|}

==April–June==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! Title
! style="width:15%;" | Director
! style="width:30%;" | Cast
! Genre
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References and Notes}}
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87;"| '''A P R I L'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;"| '''4'''
| ''Na Jene Mon'' || Abhishek Roy & Sanjib Sarkar(Music Director) || Prince Abhishek Roy, Pamela Mondal, Mrinal Mukherjee, Raju Thakkar|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| ''Picnic'' || Raj Mukherjee || [[Arjun Chakraborty]], Sundeep|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;"| '''11'''
| ''[[Chirodini Tumi Je Amar 2]]'' || Soumik Chatterjee || [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], [[Urmila Mahanta]], Bihu Mukherjee, [[Ena Saha]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]]|| [[Romance film|Romance]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| ''Bharaate'' || Anindya Ghosh || [[Rituparna Sengupta]], Rajdeep Gupta, [[Arunima Ghosh]]|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;"| '''18'''
| ''Take One'' || [[Mainak Bhaumik]] || [[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], [[Arindam Sil]], Vikramjit Chaudhury, Anwesha Mukherjee|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| ''Kencho Khurte Keute'' || Sanghamitra Chaudhuri || Amitabha Bhattacharya, Pallavi Chatterjee, Krishnokishore Mukherjee, Papiya Devarajan, Abhiraj, Pamela|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7; textcolor:#000;"| '''25'''
| ''[[Apur Panchali]]'' || [[Kaushik Ganguly]] || [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Parno Mittra]], [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], Ardhendu Banerjee|| [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7;"|M A Y
| rowspan="2"style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;" | '''9'''
| ''[[Window Connection]]'' || R. K. Gupta || [[Aryann Bhowmik]], [[Tanusree Chakraborty]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Kanchan Mullick]], Rajat Ganguly, Rita Koiral, Sunil Kumar|| [[Psychological thriller film|Psychological thriller]] ||
|-
| ''The Nagorik''
| Narugopal Mandal||Kalyan Chaterjee, Kallyan, Bhola Tamong, Rama Guha, Debraj Roy, Soma Chakraborty, Raju Majumder, Subhajit Kar, Sumana Das & Others
|Drama
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;" | '''16'''
| ''[[Ami Shudhu Cheyechi Tomay]]'' || Ashok Pati || [[Ankush Hazra]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]], [[Misha Sawdagor]], [[Symon Sadik]]|| [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Romance film|Romance]] ||
|-
| ''[[Baari Tar Bangla]]'' || Rangan Chakravarty || [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Raima Sen]], Tulika Basu, Sumit Samaddar, [[Shantilal Mukherjee]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"| '''30'''
| ''[[Arundhati (2014 film)|Arundhati]]'' || [[Sujit Mondal]] (director); [[N.K. Salil]] (screenplay)|| [[Koel Mallick]], [[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], [[Debshankar Haldar]], Soma Chakraborty ||Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Arundhati|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Arundhati/movie-review/35848788.cms|access-date=20 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=31 May 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#87f7bf;"| '''J U N E'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;"| '''6'''
| ''[[Game (2014 film)|Game]]'' || Baba Yadav || [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]]|| [[Action film|Action]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
||
|-
|''[[Ramdhanu]]'' || [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], [[Nandita Roy]] || Shiboprosad Mukherjee, [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] || [[Drama film|Drama]]/[[Family film|Family]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;"| '''13'''
| ''Mangrove''|| [[Sourav Mukhopadhyay]] || Nijel Okara, Arpita Mukherjee, [[Dulal Lahiri]], [[Rakhi Sawant]].[[Dolon Roy]], Satinath Mukherjee, [[Chitra Sen]]|| Social Story /[[family film|family]] ||
|-
| ''[[Chaar]]'' || [[Sandip Ray]] || [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], Subhrajit Dutta, [[Sreelekha Mitra]], [[Pijush Ganguly]], [[Rajatava Dutta]], [[Sudipta Chakraborty]], [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Koel Mallick]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nowrunning.com/movie/15237/bengali/chaar/index.htm |title=Chaar movie in Now Running |access-date=24 May 2014 |archive-date=16 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616180052/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/15237/bengali/chaar/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || [[Anthology film|Anthology]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df; textcolor:#000;"| '''20'''
| ''Aagun Pakhi'' || Shubhrajit Mitra || [[Rituparna Sengupta]], Anindya Chakraborty, Ankita Chakraborty, [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]], [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]], Sagnik Chatterjee, [[Shantilal Mukherjee]] || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| ''[[Buno Haansh]]'' || [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]] || [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], [[Tanusree Chakraborty]], Anindya Pulak, [[Arindam Sil]], Gargi Roy Choudhury, [[Moon Moon Sen]], [[Shankar Chakraborty]], [[Sudipta Chakraborty]], Subhrojeet Dutta|| [[Crime film|Crime]]/[[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||
|-
| ''[[Bonku Babu]]'' || Anindya Bikash Dutta || [[Arjun Chakraborty]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Arunima Ghosh]]|| [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||
|-
|}

==July–September==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;"| Opening
! Title
! style="width:40%;" | Cast and crew
! style="width:15%;" | Production Company
! Genre
! style="width:4%;" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87" |J U L Y
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" | '''4'''
|''[[Golpo Holeo Shotti]]''
|[[Birsa Dasgupta]]<nowiki/>v (Director), [[Soham Chakraborty]], [[Mimi Chakraborty]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
|Suspense
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" | '''11'''
|''[[Hrid Majharey]]''
|[[Ranjan Ghosh]] (Director), [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Indrasish Roy]], [[Barun Chanda]], Arun Mukherjee, [[Sohag Sen]], Tamal Roychowdhury
|Piyali Films
|[[Romance film|Romance]]
|
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7" | '''25'''
|''[[Bindaas (2014 film)|Bindaas]]''
|[[Rajiv Kumar Biswas]] (Director), [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], [[Sayantika Bannerjee]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films]], [[Jalsha Movies Production]]
|Action
|
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7;"|A U G U S T
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"|'''8'''
|''[[Highway (2014 Bengali film)|Highway]]''||[[Koel Mallick]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]]||Sudipto Chattopadhyay||Romance||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"|'''15'''
|''[[Borbaad (Indian film)|Borbaad]]''||[[Bonny Sengupta]], [[Rittika Sen]]||[[Raj Chakraborty]]||Drama||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"| '''29'''
| ''27B Beadon Street'' || Biswanath Chakraborty (director/screenplay); Olisha, Sambit, [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], Debraj Roy, Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, Tamal Roy Chowdhury, Bodhisatya Majumdar || Subhom Movies || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=27B Beadon Street|url=http://timescity.com/chandigarh-movie/27b-beadon-street/6698|publisher=Timescity|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Action'' || Sayantan Mukherjee (director/screenplay); Om, [[Barkha Bisht Sengupta]], Megha Chakraborty, [[Nusrat Jahan]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], Swagata Mukherjee || T. Sarkar Productions || Drama, romance || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Action|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Action/movie-review/41603045.cms|access-date=20 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=3 September 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
! rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#87f7bf;"|S E P T E M B E R
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''2'''
| ''Asha Jaoar Majhe'' || Aditya Vikram Sengupta (director/screenplay); [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], Basabdutta Chatterjee || For Films || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Asha Jaoar Majhe|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3843088/|publisher=Internet Movie Database|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''5'''
| ''[[Aamar Aami]]'' || Orko Sinha (director/screenplay); [[Arunima Ghosh]], [[Biswanath Basu]], Bhaskar Banerjee, [[Indrasish Roy]], Jhilik Bhattacharjee, [[Kamalika Banerjee]], Phalguni Chatterjee, [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], Rajdeep Gupta, Sanjay Biswas, Upal Sengupta, Hindol Bhattacharjee, Ayush Das, Debleena Sen || Reel & Real Motion Pictures / Eskay Movies || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Aamar Aami|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Aamar-Aami/movie-review/42013175.cms|access-date=19 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=8 September 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Aranyer Itikotha'' || Anagh Ranjan Pashi (director/screenplay); Kaushik Chakraborty, Zenia Deb, [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Deepankar De]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], Santana Bose || Arrahs Production || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Aranyer Itikotha|url=http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/aranyer-itikotha/ET00024017|publisher=BookMyShow|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"|'''12'''
|''[[Gogoler Kirti]]''||Ahjit Ghosh, [[Vikram Chatterjee]]||Pompy Ghosh Mukherjee||Children's||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''19'''
| ''Aak Ek Ke Dui'' || Drono Acharya (director); Paramita Munshi (screenplay); [[Bratya Basu]], [[Sudipta Chakraborty]], [[Biswanath Basu]], [[Debesh Chattopadhyay]], [[Neel Mukherjee (actor)|Neel Mukherjee]], Prasun Gayen, Raju Majumdar, Sagnik Chatterjee || AAA Arts || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Aak Ek Ke Dui|url=http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/aak-ek-ke-dui/ET00024407|publisher=BookMyShow|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''Akkarshan'' || [[Debraj Sinha]] (director/screenplay); [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Samadarshi Dutta]], Bhaskar Banerjee, [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[George Baker (Bengali actor)|George Baker]], [[Rajatava Dutta]], [[Rupam Islam]], Srabanti Banerjee, [[Ferdous Ahmed]] || Shivam Productions || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Akkarshan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Akkarshan/movie-review/43154721.cms|access-date=20 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=22 September 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''26'''
| ''[[Bachchan (2014 film)|Bachchan]]'' || [[Raja Chanda]] (director); [[N.K. Salil]] (screenplay); [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Aindrita Ray]], [[Payel Sarkar]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Mukul Dev]], [[Kanchan Mullick]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]], [[Saheb Chatterjee]], Supriyo Dutta || [[Grassroot Entertainment]] || Drama, comedy || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Bachchan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Bachchan/movie-review/43794319.cms|access-date=20 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=29 September 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Chotushkone]]'' || [[Srijit Mukherji]] (director/screenplay); [[Anjan Dutt]], [[Aparna Sen]], [[Anindya Chatterjee]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Chiranjeet]], [[Debolina Dutta]], [[Goutam Ghose]], [[Indrasish Roy]], [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Payel Sarkar]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]] || DAG Creative Media / [[Reliance Entertainment]] || Thriller || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Chotushkone|url=http://timescity.com/kolkata-movie/chotushkone/6870|publisher=Timescity|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
|}

== October–December ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | Opening
! Title
! style="width:40%;" | Cast
! style="width:15%;" | Production Company
! Genre
! style="width:4%;"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f7bf87;"|O C T O B E R
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7;"| '''1'''
|''[[Yoddha: The Warrior]]''||[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Mimi Chakraborty]]||[[Raj Chakraborty]]||Fantasy, Action||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#f7dfc7;"| '''24'''
| ''Abar Hobe To Dekha'' || Jeet Goswami (director/screenplay); Samrat Mukherjee, Sudipta Gon Chowdhury || RK Entertainments || Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Aabar Hobe To Dekha|url=http://www.moviebuff.com/aabar-hobe-to-dekha-2014-bengali|publisher=Moviebuff|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#bf87f7;"| N O V E M B E R
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"| '''7'''
| ''[[Khaad]]'' || [[Kaushik Ganguly]] (director/screenplay); [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]], [[Mimi Chakraborty]], [[Tanusree Chakraborty]], Ardhendu Banerjee, Bharat Kaul, [[Gargi Roychowdhury]], [[Lily Chakravarty]], [[Rudranil Ghosh]], Saheb Bhattacharjee, Tridha Choudhury || [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] / Surinder Films || Adventure, drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Khaad|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/Khaad/articleshow/44708315.cms|access-date=18 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=8 October 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Kkoli: A Journey of Love]]'' || Partha Chakraborty (director/screenplay); Hirak Das, Ruplekha, [[Chandan Sen]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Locket Chatterjee]], [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]], Rita Koiral, Tulika Basu, [[Ashutosh Rana]] || Vignesh Films || Romance, drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Koli|url=http://timescity.com/kolkata-movie/koli/7157|publisher=Timescity|access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
|''[[Force (2014 film)|Force]]''||[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Arpita Pal]]||[[Raja Chanda]]|| ||
|-
|''[[Pati Parameshwar (film)|Pati Parameshwar]]''||[[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Rajatava Dutta]]||Jayasree Bhattacharya||Comedy||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"| '''14'''
|''[[Parapaar]]''||[[Ahmed Rubel]], Dr. Ejajul Islam||[[Sanjoy Nag]]||Drama||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#dfc7f7;"| '''28'''
| ''Sondhey Namaar Aagey'' || Rhitobrata Bhattacharya (director/screenplay); [[Rahul Bose]], [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Biswajit Chatterjee]], [[Nusrat Jahan]], [[June Malia]], [[Palash Sen]] || Narasimha Films || Thriller, drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sondhey Namaar Aagey|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Sondhey-Namaar-Aagey/movie-review/45347983.cms|access-date=18 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=2 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#87f7bf;"|D E C E M B E R
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''5'''
| ''[[Ek Phaali Rodh]]''|| [[Atanu Ghosh]] (director/screenplay); [[Dhritiman Chaterji]], [[Ritwik Chakraborty]], [[Aparajita Ghosh Das]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Tota Roychowdhury]], Mahua Halder || Teamwork Communication || Psychological thriller, drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Ek Phaali Rodh|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Ek-Phaali-Rodh/movie-review/45429154.cms|access-date=9 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date= December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''12'''
| ''[[Khola Hawa]]'' || Anup Das (director/screenplay); [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Samadarshi Dutta]], [[Joy Sengupta]], [[Bidita Bag]], Ekavali Khanna || White Mist Productions || Romance, Drama || {{center|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Khola-Hawa/movie-review/45563090.cms|work=The Times of India|date=18 December 2014|title=Khola Hawa Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Khola Hawa by Times of India}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''19'''
| ''[[Badshahi Angti (film)|Badshahi Angti]]'' || [[Sandip Ray]] (director/screenplay); [[Abir Chatterjee]], Bharat Kaul, [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Deepankar De]], Dwijen Banerjee, [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], [[Rajatava Dutta]], Sourav Das || [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] || Mystery, thriller || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Badshahi Angti (2014)|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/Badshahi-Angti/articleshow/45430707.cms|access-date=18 December 2014|work=The Times of India|date=9 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| ''[[Byomkesh Phire Elo]]'' || [[Anjan Dutt]] (director/screenplay); [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Ushasie Chakraborty]], [[Anjana Basu]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Chandan Sen]], [[Ena Saha]], [[Kaushik Sen]], [[Locket Chatterjee]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], [[Sampurna Lahiri]] || R. P. Techvision || Mystery, thriller || {{center|<ref>{{cite news|title=Byomkesh continues to charm the audience|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/Byomkesh-continues-to-charm-the-audience/photostory/45549376.cms|access-date=18 December 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>}}
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#c7f7df;"| '''31'''
| ''Aranye maniac killer mystery'' || Rocky Rupkumar Patra (Director, Concept creator), Rajkumar Patra, Rocky Rupkumar Patra, Indrani Toong, Yudhisthir Patra || Patras Glam Entertainment || Suspense, Mystery ||<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/aranye_maniac_killer_mystery_in_the_forest</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Cinema of West Bengal}}
{{2014 films|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengali Films Of 2014}}
[[Category:2014 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Lists of Bengali films by year|2014]]
[[Category:Lists of 2014 films by language|Bengali]]
[[Category:2014 Bengali-language films| ]]

Geeta Govindam

2026-05-06T07:04:33Z

Aidan93118681:

{{Short description|Indian Malayalam-language soap opera}}
{{for-multi| Medieval Indian text|Gita Govinda|the 2018 Telugu film|Geetha Govindam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Geeta Govindam.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]], [[Romance film|Romance]], [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| inspired_by =
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay = N Vinu Narayanan, George Kattappana
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Sajan Surya]]
*Binny Sebastian
}}
| voices =
| narrated =
| music = Sanand George
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 709
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Bhadra Boby
| location =
| cinematography = Krishna Kodanadu
| editor = Roshan S.
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company =
| budget =
| network = {{plainlist|
* [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
* [[JioHotstar]]
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|13|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|07|04|df=yes}}
| related =
}}

'''''Geetha Govindam''''' is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language romantic drama [[soap opera]]. The show aired from 13 February 2023 to 4 July 2025 on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and streams on [[JioHotstar]] in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=ഇനി രേഖയില്ല! എനിക്കേറെ പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട കഥാപാത്രമായിരുന്നു! ഗീതാഗോവിന്ദം പരമ്പരയെക്കുറിച്ച് അമൃത|website=[[Samayam]]|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/amrutha-nair-shared-an-emotional-post-about-geetha-govindam-serial/articleshow/122044533.cms|access-date=4 July 2025}}</ref> It stars [[Sajan Surya]] and Binny Sebastian in lead roles along with [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]], Amrutha Nair, Giridhar, Deva, Revathi Nair, Bindhu Pankaj and [[Uma Nair]] in pivotal roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/sajan-suryas-geethagovindam-showcases-the-love-of-a-40-year-old-businessman-and-a-23-year-old-girl/articleshow/97736537.cms|title=Sajan Surya's 'Geethagovindam' showcases the love of a 40-year-old businessman and a 23-year-old girl|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/geetha-govindam-new-serial-on-asianet-starts-at-feb-13-vvk-rpuu0y|title=ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റിൽ പുതിയ പരമ്പര 'ഗീതാഗോവിന്ദം'; ഫെബ്രുവരി 13 മുതൽ |work=Asianet News|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> The title of the series is adapted from the ''[[Geetha Govindam|2018 Telugu film of the same name]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mounaragam-to-aniyathipravu-malayalam-tv-serials-that-copied-their-titles-from-classic-movies/photostory/102363085.cms|title=Mounaragam to Aniyathipravu: Malayalam soaps that copied their titles from classic movies|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
A middle-aged businessman Govind, falls in love with Geethanjali, a young girl. Their unusual love story takes a hit when his past overshadows his present.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Sajan Surya]] as Arakkal Govind Madhav (AGM): Geethu's husband, Radhika's stepson, Varun's step-brother and Priya's half brother. Son of Vijayalakshmi and Arakkal Madhavan. Chairman and CEO of AGM group of companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/sajan-surya-selfie-from-geetha-govindam-serial-set-nsn-rqonuz|title='അറയ്ക്കല്‍' കുടുംബത്തിനൊപ്പം; 'ഗീതാ ഗോവിന്ദം' സെറ്റില്‍ നിന്ന് സാജന്‍ സൂര്യ|work=Asianet News|date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* Dr. Binny Sebastian
**Geethanjali a.k.a Geethu: Govind's wife, Kishor's ex, Vinod's sister, Bhadran and Vilasini's daughter.
**Margazhi (Ganga): Geethu's twin elder sister

===Recurring===
* Swetha Venkat (episode 1 to 508)/ Premi Venkat(episode 509 to 611)/Bindhu Pankaj (episode 612 to 709) as Radhika aka Radhikamma: Priya and Varun's mother, Govind's stepmother, Arakkal Madhavan's mistress.
* Amrutha Nair as Rekha. Varun's wife.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/aju-thomas-withdraws-from-geetha-govindam-serial-amrutha-nair-shared-this-post/articleshow/106827618.cms|title=നിന്നെ പോലെ ഒരാളെ എനിക്കിനി കിട്ടില്ല, എനിക്ക് കിട്ടിയ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച ഓണ്‍സ്‌ക്രീന്‍ ഭര്‍ത്താവാണ് നീ; ഇമോഷണലായി അമൃത നായര്‍, അജു ഗീതാ ഗോവിന്ദത്തില്‍ നിന്നും പിന്മാറി!|work=Samayam Malayalam|date=14 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[Ambika (actress)|Ambika]] as Vijayalakshmi subramaniam, Arakkal Madhavan's ex-wife, Govind's mother and Shivaranjini's foster mother. Renowned singer.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2023 |title=Actress Ambika Joins Geetha Govindam As Vijayalakshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actress-ambika-joins-geetha-govindam-as-vijayalakshmi/articleshow/105908961.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Giridhar as Ajas. Govind's right hand and Geethu's bodyguard.
* Aju Thomas(2023)/ Deva Prasad as Varun.<ref>{{cite web |title=ഇതാണ് എന്റെ ഭര്‍ത്താവ് അജു തോമസ്; സാന്ത്വനത്തിലെ വരുണുമായി ചേര്‍ത്ത് വന്ന വിവാഹ വാര്‍ത്ത സത്യമോ, അമൃത പറയുന്നു |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/amritha-nair-about-marriage-gossip-with-aju-thomas/articleshow/97916189.cms?story=4 |work=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref> Radhika's son. Priya's half brother. Govind's step brother. Rekha's husband. Suvarna's boyfriend.
* Revathi Nair as Priya: Radhika and Madhavan's daughter, Vinod's wife, Govind and Varun's half sister
* Mithun Sayanth (2023)/Deva Dev (2023-2024)/Ashwin Jith as Vinod: Bhadran and Vilasini's son, Priya's Husband, Geethu's brother.
* Anil K Sivaram as Ayyappan Nair. Works with Arakkal family and Govind's well wisher.
* Santhosh Kurup as Bhadran. Vilasini's husband, Geethu and Vinod's father. Govind's enemy.
* [[Uma Nair]] as Vilasini. Bhadran's wife. Geethu and Vinod's mother.
* [[Pratheeksha G Pradeep]] as Avarnika. Businesswoman. Kishor's ex-wife. Govind's business partner.
* Swetha Geetha as Shivaranjini (Renju), Vijayalakshmi's adopted daughter and Anarkali's biological daughter.
* Akin as Kishor. Geethu's ex-lover, Avarnika's husband.
* Joshnina M Tharakan as Kanchana, domestic help
* Rajkumar Rajasekhar as Raghuram. Avarnika's father and Govind's family friend.
* Athira Lakshman as Suvarna. Fake wife of Ajas, Varun's extramarital affair.
* Maya Vishwanath as Anarkali, Renju's biological mother (the antagonist)
* Vijayan V. Nair as Bhaskaran / Sathya Das (fake); Varun's biological father. (the main antagonist)
* Fawaz Zayani as Dhyan; Renju's husband
* Murali Mohan as Venki. Anarkali's husband, Vijayalekshmi's assistant, Renju's father
* Sanju Salim as CI
* Sindhu Suresh as Pavizham; Margazhi's foster mother

===Guest===
* [[Santhosh Keezhattoor]] as Arakkal Madhavan Nair.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/santhosh-keezhattoor-about-his-serial-guest-role-in-geetha-govindam-rq4ql1|title=സീരിയലില്‍ 'ഗസ്റ്റായി' തിരിച്ചുവരവ് ; ഗീതഗോവിന്ദത്തിലെ വേഷത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് സന്തോഷ് കീഴാറ്റൂര്‍ |work=Asianet News|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref> Govind, Priya's father. Varun's step-father. Radhika's baby-daddy. Vijayalakshmi's ex-husband.
* [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as himself<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/actor-asif-ali-guest-role-in-geetha-govindam-serial-nrn-rqa1rq|title=ആസിഫ് അലി സീരിയലിൽ; പ്രമോ പുറത്ത്|work=Asianet News|date=18 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/geetha-govindam-actor-asif-ali-to-play-a-cameo-in-a-special-episode/articleshow/98059314.cms?from=mdr|title=Geetha Govindam: Actor Asif Ali to play a cameo in a special episode|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Himself in Govind's marriage episode
* [[Shanthi Krishna]] as herself<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/shanthi-krishna-to-grace-geetha-govindam-with-a-special-cameo-appearance/articleshow/105451966.cms|title=Shanthi Krishna To Grace 'Geetha Govindam' With A Special Cameo Appearance|work=The Times of India|date=23 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-popular-malayalam-television-serial-geetha-govindam-announcement-shanthi-krishna-also-as-guest-hrk-s4evna|title=സിനിമയില്‍ നിന്ന് മറ്റൊരാളും, ഗീതാഗോവിന്ദം സീരിയലില്‍ വൻ സര്‍പ്രൈസ്|work=Asianet News|date=20 November 2023}}</ref>
* Athira Madhav as TV show anchor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/athira-madhav-into-serial-after-one-and-a-half-year-gap-geetha-govindam-nsn-rxla1y|title=ഒന്നര വർഷത്തിന് ശേഷം വീണ്ടും സീരിയലിലേക്ക്; സന്തോഷം പങ്കുവച്ച് ആതിര മാധവ് |work=Asianet News|date=10 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Saju Kodiyan]] as Ramakrishnan, Radhika's brother
* Veena Nair as Magistrate
* Kochunni Prakash as goon
* Padmakumar as Karan Naik; a goon assigned by varun to kill Geethu
* Nayana Josan
* Shrishwetha Mahalakshmi
* Apsara Ratnakaran
* [[Meera Vasudevan]] as Sumithra. (Reprising from [[Kudumbavilakku]]) ; businesswoman in profession.
* Noobin Johny as Pratheesh Menon. (Reprising from [[Kudumbavilakku]]) ; singer in profession.
* Dr. Shaju Sham as Rohith Gopal. (Reprising from [[Kudumbavilakku]]). Sumitra's husband
* Aishwarya Ramsai as Kalyani. (Reprising from [[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]])
* Naleef Gea as Kiran. (Reprising from [[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]])
* Sajin T. P. as Shivaramakrishnan Pillai. (Reprising from [[Santhwanam (TV series)|Santhwanam]])
* [[Gopika Anil]] as Anjali(Reprising from [[Santhwanam (TV series)|Santhwanam]]) Shiva's wife

==Adaptations==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Language
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Title
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Original release
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Notes
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''Geeta Govindam'' ഗീതാ ഗോവിന്ദം
|13 February 2023
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|4 July 2025
|Original
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''Yeto Vellipoyindi Manasu'' ఏటో వెళ్ళిపోయింది మనసు
|22 January 2024
|[[Star Maa]]
|19 April 2025
|Remake
|}

==Reception==
The show began airing from 13 February 2023 at 7.30 PM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Geetha Govindam Serial: ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റിൽ പുതിയ പരമ്പര; ഗീതാഗോവിന്ദം|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/geetha-govindam-serial-asianet-timing-751859/|work=Indian Express|date=9 February 2023}}</ref> In the launch week, the show secured fourth position in [[Target Rating Point|TRP]] ratings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ammayariyathe out of top 5; new TV show Geetha Govindam's premiere scores well|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ammayariyathe-out-of-top-5-new-tv-show-geetha-govindams-premiere-scores-well/articleshow/98205444.cms|work=The Times Of India|date=24 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Geetha Govindam Asianet Serial Opening Week TRP Reports – 11.08 Is The Average TVR|url=https://www.news.keralatv.in/geetha-govindam-asianet-serial-trp/|work=Kerala TV|date=24 February 2023}}</ref> From 17 June 2024, the show is shifted to 10.00 PM [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] for launch of [[Santhwanam 2]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Time Change for Asianet Serials Chempaneer Poovu, Mounaragam and Geetha Govindam from 17 June Onward’s|url=https://www.keralatv.in/time-change-for-asianet-serials/|work=Kerala TV}}</ref> From 7 April 2025, the show is shifted to 6.00 PM IST for launch of another TV series ''[[Teacheramma (TV series)|Teacheramma]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=All Asianet Serials Schedule – List of All Television Serials, Original Telecast Time, Repeat Airing Time|url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-serials-telecast-timing/|work=Kerala TV}}</ref> From 21 April 2025,the show again shifted to 1.30 PM. From 26 May 2025,the show again shifted to 2.00pm for final episodes.The show is well known for the lead pair's romantic performance.<ref>{{cite web|title='അത് വിചാരിച്ചതിലും ഹിറ്റായി മാറുകയായിരുന്നു': കൊടുംങ്കാട്ടിലെ റൊമാന്‍സിനെപ്പറ്റി ബിന്നി|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/geetha-govindam-serial-geetha-binny-about-her-forest-romance-experience-vvk-s2pi87|work=Asianet News}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/geetha-govindam/1260130822 ''Geeta Govindam''] at [[JioHotstar]]

{{Asianet programs}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-05T02:43:41Z

Aidan93118681: made a page more to come

{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Tenkasi
| map_image = tenkasi lok sabha constituency.png
| map_caption = Tenkasi constituency, post-2008 delimitation
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| mp = [[Rani Srikumar]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|2024]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| assembly_cons = [[Rajapalayam (State Assembly Constituency)|Rajapalayam]] [[Srivilliputhur (State Assembly Constituency)|Srivilliputhur]] [[Sankarankovil (State Assembly Constituency)|Sankarankovil]] [[Vasudevanallur (State Assembly Constituency)|Vasudevanallur]] [[Kadayanallur (State Assembly Constituency)|Kadayanallur]] [[Tenkasi (State Assembly Constituency)|Tenkasi]]
| electors = 15,03,898 <ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf GE 2009 Statistical Report: Constituency Wise Detailed Result]</ref>
}}
'''Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 39 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]], a [[Federated state|state]] in southern [[India]]. It is reserved for SC(Scheduled Caste). Its Parliamentary Constituency number is 37.

==Assembly segments==
Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-13
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archivedate = 2006-05-04
|df =
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! width="50px" style="font-size:75%" |Constituency number
! width="200px" |Name
! width="100px" style="font-size:75%" |Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
! width="150px" |District
! colspan="2"|Party
! colspan="2"|2024 Lead
|-
|203
|[[Rajapalayam Assembly constituency|Rajapalayam]]
|None
| rowspan="2" |[[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
|{{party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=6}}
|-
|204
|[[Srivilliputhur Assembly constituency|Srivilliputhur]]
|SC
|-
|219
|[[Sankarankoil Assembly constituency|Sankarankoil]]
|SC
| rowspan="4" |[[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]]
|{{party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|220
|[[Vasudevanallur Assembly constituency|Vasudevanallur]]
|SC
|{{party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
|221
|[[Kadayanallur Assembly constituency|Kadayanallur]]
|None
|-
|222
|[[Tenkasi Assembly constituency|Tenkasi]]
|None
|}

=== Before 2009 ===

# [[Sankarankoil Assembly constituency|Sankarankovil]] (SC)
# [[Vasudevanallur Assembly constituency|Vasudevanallur]] (SC)
# [[Kadayanallur Assembly constituency|Kadaiyanallur]]
# [[Tenkasi Assembly constituency|Tenkasi]]
# [[Alangulam Assembly constituency|Alangulam]] (moved to [[Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency|Tirunelveli Constituency]])
# [[Ambasamudram Assembly constituency|Ambasamuthiram]] (moved to [[Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency|Tirunelveli Constituency]])

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|1957
|M. Sankarapandian
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=9}}
|-
|1962
|M. P. Swamy
|-
|1967
|[[R. S. Arumugam]]
|-
|1971
|A. M. Chellachami
|-
|1977
| rowspan="6"| [[M. Arunachalam (Tenkasi MP)|M. Arunachalam]]
|-
|1980
|-
|1984
|-
|1989
|-
|1991
|-
|1996
|{{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)}}
|-
|1998
| rowspan="2"| [[S. Murugesan (AIADMK politician)|S. Murugesan]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|1999
|-
|2004
|[[M. Appadurai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2009
|[[P. Lingam]]
|-
|2014
|[[M. Vasanthi]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|2019
|[[Dhanush M Kumar|Dhanush M. Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web|title=General elections to the 17th Lok Sabha, 2019 - List of members elected|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10277-general-election-to-the-17th-lok-sabha-2019-list-of-members-elected/|page=27|format=PDF|publisher=Election Commission of India|date=25 May 2019|accessdate=2 June 2019|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2024
|[[Rani Srikumar]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2024|2024]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.97}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2019|2019]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.11}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2014|2014]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.31}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2009|2009]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|37.80}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 2004|2004]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|48.87}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1999|1999]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|35.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1998|1998]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.84}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|44.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|63.56}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.50}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|68.09}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|62.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|69.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.48}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.52}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#General Elections 1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.97}}

}}

=== General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Tenkasi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Rani Srikumar|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=4,25,679|percentage=40.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=2,29,480|percentage=22.08|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[B. John Pandian]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,08,825|percentage=20.10|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=S. Isaimadhivanan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=1,30,335|percentage=12.54|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=17,165|percentage=1.65|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,96,199 |percentage=18.89 |change=- }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=67.65|change=-3.78}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dhanush M. Kumar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,76,156 |percentage=45.11% |change={{increase}}45.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=3,55,389 |percentage=33.67% |change={{decrease}}8.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ponnuthai |party=Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam |votes=92,116 |percentage=8.73% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. S. Mathivanan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=59,445 |percentage=5.63% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Muneshwaran |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=24,023 |percentage=2.28% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=14,056 |percentage=1.33% |change={{decrease}}0.11 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,20,767 |percentage=11.44% |change=-4.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,55,595 |percentage=71.43% |change= -1.87% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,92,317 |change =7.98% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.80% }}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Vasanthi]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,24,586 |percentage=42.31% |change={{increase}}42.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=2,62,812 |percentage=26.19% |change={{increase}}10.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Sadhan Tirumalaikumar|Dr. T. Sadhan Tirumalaikumar]] |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,90,233 |percentage=18.96% |change={{increase}}18.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. K. Jayakumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,963 |percentage=5.88% |change={{decrease}}27.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Lingam]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=23,528 |percentage=2.34% |change={{decrease}}35.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=14,492 |percentage=1.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Krishnasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=12,115 |percentage=1.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Gunasekaran |party=Tamil Nadu Makkal Congress |votes=8,022 |percentage=0.80% |change=New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,61,774 |percentage=16.12% |change=11.46% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,03,446 |percentage=73.76% |change= 2.66% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,82,081 |change =29.94% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 4.52% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Lingam]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,81,174 |percentage=37.80% |change={{decrease}}11.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Vellaipandi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,46,497 |percentage=33.14% |change= {{increase}}33.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=1,16,685 |percentage=15.69% |change={{increase}}1.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Inbaraj |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=75,741 |percentage=10.18% |change= New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Krishnan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,948 |percentage=0.93% |change={{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Lakshmanan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,633 |percentage=0.89% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=34,677 |percentage=4.66% |change=-12.49% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,43,895 |percentage=70.18% |change= 4.29% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,63,614 |change =-1.94% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -11.07% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Appadurai]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,48,000 |percentage=48.87% |change={{increase}}48.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Murugesan (AIADMK politician)|S. Murugesan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,25,824 |percentage=31.71% |change={{decrease}}4.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=1,01,122 |percentage=14.20% |change={{decrease}}13.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Vadivel Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=14,441 |percentage=2.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Lakshmanan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,599 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Luke Jayakumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,759 |percentage=0.67% |change=New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,22,176 |percentage=17.16% |change=17.02% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,12,150 |percentage=65.68% |change= 0.78% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,84,708 |change =3.89% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 12.99% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Murugesan (AIADMK politician)|S. Murugesan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,39,241 |percentage=35.88% |change={{decrease}}5.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Arumugam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,38,354 |percentage=35.74% |change= {{increase}}35.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=1,86,220 |percentage=27.93% |change={{increase}}8.78 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=887 |percentage=0.13% |change=-14.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,66,826 |percentage=64.87% |change= -5.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,44,090 |change =2.92% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.11% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Murugesan (AIADMK politician)|S. Murugesan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,70,053 |percentage=41.84% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=1,72,786 |percentage=26.77% |change={{decrease}}18.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Krishnasamy|Dr. K. Krishnasamy]] |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=1,23,592 |percentage=19.15% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Selvaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=77,285 |percentage=11.97% |change={{decrease}}18.17 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=97,267 |percentage=15.07% |change=0.22% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,45,491 |percentage=65.29% |change= -4.66% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,14,494 |change =4.26% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -3.15% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=2,90,663 |percentage=44.98% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Selvaraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,94,737 |percentage=30.14% |change={{decrease}}33.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Jeyaraj |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=82,615 |percentage12.79% |change= {{increase}}12.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Arumugam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=52,120 |percentage=8.07% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Amirtharaj |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=16,328 |percentage=2.53% |change={{increase}}0.62 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=95,926 |percentage=14.85% |change=-15.47% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,46,145 |percentage=69.94% |change= 3.08% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,73,084 |change =5.01% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -18.58% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,81,721 |percentage=63.56% |change={{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[T. Sadhan Tirumalaikumar|Dr. T. Sadhan Tirumalaikumar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,99,635 |percentage=33.24% |change= New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=E. Nambirajan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=11,479 |percentage=1.91% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saker |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=3,190 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.06 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,82,086 |percentage=30.32% |change=2.86% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,00,569 |percentage=66.87% |change= -1.58% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,26,698 |change =-0.70% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.06% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,93,075 |percentage=62.50% |change={{decrease}}5.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[R. Krishnan (Vasudevanallur politician)|R. Krishnan]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,20,368 |percentage=35.04% |change={{increase}}3.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Muthiah |party=Independent politician |votes=4,320 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Manickaraj |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=3,680 |percentage=0.59% |change=New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,72,707 |percentage=27.46% |change=-8.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,28,887 |percentage=68.45% |change= -7.22% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,33,214 |change =26.81% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -5.59% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,60,517 |percentage=68.09% |change={{increase}}5.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Krishnan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,68,950 |percentage=31.91% |change={{increase}}31.91 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,91,567 |percentage=36.18% |change=11.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,29,467 |percentage=75.67% |change= 9.76% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,35,912 |change =8.32% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= 5.67% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=2,72,260 |percentage=62.42% |change={{decrease}}6.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Rajagopalan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,63,944 |percentage=37.58% |change=New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,08,316 |percentage=24.83% |change=-17.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,36,204 |percentage=65.92% |change= -1.03% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,79,386 |change =0.83% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.82% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,05,069 |percentage=69.23% |change={{increase}}13.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Rajagopalan |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=1,18,193 |percentage=26.82% |change={{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Maruthan |party=Independent politician |votes=13,124 |percentage=2.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Shenthivelu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,269 |percentage=0.97% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,86,876 |percentage=42.41% |change=25.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,40,655 |percentage=66.94% |change= -5.98% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,73,825 |change =17.97% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 13.75% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=A. M. C. Nellachami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,23,182 |percentage=55.48% |change={{increase}}13.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[R. S. Arumugam]] |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=1,54,272 |percentage=38.35% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Subbiah |party=Independent politician |votes=24,822 |percentage=6.17% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=68,910 |percentage=17.13% |change=15.70% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,02,276 |percentage=72.92% |change= -4.58% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,71,197 |change =6.59% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 13.96% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[R. S. Arumugam]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,66,737 |percentage=41.52% |change={{decrease}}9.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Velu |party=Swatantra Party |votes=1,60,991 |percentage=40.09% |change={{increase}}20.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Muthumanickam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=37,190 |percentage=9.26% |change={{decrease}}19.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. K. Madasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=24,537 |percentage=6.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. K. Swamy |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=12,162 |percentage=3.03% |change=New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,746 |percentage=1.43% |change=-20.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,01,617 |percentage=77.50% |change= 4.96% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,35,903 |change =17.00% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -9.63% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. P. Swamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,65,169 |percentage=51.15% |change={{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. A. Muruganandam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=93,729 |percentage=29.02% |change={{decrease}}20.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hameed |party=Swatantra Party |votes=64,036 |percentage=19.83% |change= New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=71,440 |percentage=22.12% |change=20.18% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,22,934 |percentage=72.55% |change= 16.60% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,58,052 |change =3.81% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Elections 1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Indian general election]]: Tenkasi}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sankarapandian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,25,821 |percentage=50.97% |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Shanmugam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,21,021 |percentage=49.03% |change= New }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,800 |percentage=1.94% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,46,842 |percentage=55.94% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,41,227 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/tenkasi/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Tenkasi lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

==See also==
* [[Tenkasi]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|9.0|77.3|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tenkasi district]]

Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation

2026-05-03T17:14:39Z

Aidan93118681: Creating

{{Short description|Municipality in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Mangalagiri-Tadepalli Municipal Corporation <hr/>{{small|Maṅgaḷagiri-tāḍēpalli nagara pālaka saṅghamu}}
| coa_pic = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Mangalagiri town.jpg
|photo2a = Residential houses at Tadepalli.jpg
}}
| coa_res = 150px
| coa_alt = Mangalagiri-Tadepalli Municipal Corporation
| house_type = Municipal corporation
| foundation = 2021
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = '''Vacant'''
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = '''Vacant'''
| leader3_type = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| leader3 = Sk.Aleem Basha
| seats = '''64'''
| website = {{URL|https://mangalagiri.cdma.ap.gov.in|MTMC website}}
}}

'''Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation''' '''(MTMC)''' is the civic body that governs [[Mangalagiri]], [[Tadepalli, Guntur District|Tadepalli]] and villages in the corresponding mandals of the [[Mangalagiri Assembly constituency]] in [[Guntur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the second largest municipal corporation next in line to [[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation|GVMC]] in terms of area with {{Convert|194.41|km2|abbr=on}} and 2,53,875 of voters in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is classified as important Municipal Corporation in the Capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="upgrade">{{cite news|last1=Srinivas|first1=Rajulapudi|title=Tadepalli Municipality to be upgraded soon|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/tadepalli-municipality-to-be-upgraded-soon/article7545847.ece|access-date=30 March 2016|work=The Hindu|date=16 August 2015|location=Tadepalli (Guntur)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh government issues G.O. to form Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation|date=24 March 2021 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/mar/24/andhra-pradesh-government-issues-go-to-form-mangalagiri-tadepalli-municipal-corporation-2280768.html|publisher=The News Minute|accessdate=24 March 2021|location=Vijayawada}}</ref>

==History==

Mangalagiri Municipality was formed in 1959, Tadepalli Municipality was formed in 2009. In January 2021, the Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department issued an order notifying the merger of eleven-gram panchayats of Mangalagiri mandal with Mangalagiri Municipality<ref>{{cite news|title=AP: Merger of villages to boost Mangalagiri as model town|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/merger-of-villages-to-boost-mangalagiri-as-model-town/articleshow/80085761.cms|newspaper=Times of India|date=4 January 2021 |accessdate=4 January 2021|location=Vijayawada}}</ref> and merger of ten-gram panchayats of Tadepalli mandal with Tadepalli Municipality. In line to develop the [[Mangalagiri]] and [[Tadepalle, Guntur district|Tadepalli]] as model towns, on 23 March 2021, Government of Andhra Pradesh merged [[Mangalagiri Municipality]] and Tadepalli Municipality to form Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{cite web|title=AP government issues GO forming Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/230321/go-issued-forming-mangalagiri-tadepalli-municipal-corporation.html|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=23 March 2021|location=Vijayawada}}</ref> The municipality with the help of Irrigation Department, improves the drinking water, internal roads, supply of electricity and sewerage management.<ref name="upgrade" /> 2021 Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation to be developed into model towns at an estimated cost of Rs 1,173.66 crore, and a detailed administrative sanction for the same would be accorded shortly.

== Notable people ==
* [[Kallam Anji Reddy]], the founder of [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]]
* [[Kallam Satish Reddy]] present Chairman of [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories]]
* [[Savitri (actress)]]
* [[Jamuna (actress)]]

== Municipal Chairmans ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! colspan="9" |MTMC Mayor's
|-
!Sno.
!Mayor
! colspan="2" | Party
!DY-Mayor
! colspan="2" | Party
!Term start
!Term end
|-
! colspan="9" |Mangalagiri Corporation Chairman's
|-
!Sno.
!Chairman
! colspan="2" | Party
!V-Chairman
! colspan="2" | Party
!Term start
!Term end
|-
|1.
|G.Gopalarao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Sk Ahmad Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|1971
|1976
|-
|2.
|S.V.Koteswararao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|Mahaboob Beg
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|1981
|1986
|-
|3.
|M.Hanumantharao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Sk Saleem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1987
|1992
|-
|4.
|G.Veeranjaneyulu
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|C.Pichaiah K.Sriramamurthy
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|1995
|2000
|-
|5.
|Kandru Kamala
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|A.Narasimharao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|2000
|2005
|-
|6.
|K.Srinivasa Rao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|M.Malleswara Rao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2005
|2010
|-
|7.
|G.Chiranjeevi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|S.Balajiguptha
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|2014
|2019
|-
! colspan="9" |Tadepalli Municipal Chairman
|-
|1.
|K.Mahalakshmi
| bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|D.Ramakrishnareddy
| bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|2014
|2019
|}

==Divisions==
Mangalagiri–Tadepalli Municipal Corporation has a total of 64 wards.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!! style="background-color:#FFD100" | Ward No
!! style="background-color:#FFD800" | Name of the Ward
!! style="background-color:#FFD100" | Ward No
!! style="background-color:#FFD101" | Name of the Ward
!! style="background-color:#FFD100" | Ward No
!! style="background-color:#FFD101" | Name of the Ward
|-
|1
|Rajarajeswari Nagar
|23
|Nowluru-1
|45
|Kothapeta
|-
|2
|Andraratnakatta
|24
|Nowluru-2
|46
|Indira Nagar
|-
|3
|Navodaya Colony
|25
|Nowluru-3
|47
|Gandalayapeta
|-
|4
|Mahanadu-01
|26
|Bhetapudi
|48
|Dwaraka Nagar
|-
|5
|Mahanadu-02
|27
|Bapanaiah Nagar
|49
|Lalbahadure Nagar
|-
|6
|Seethanagaram
|28
|Nidamarru-2
|50
|Sharaff Bazar
|-
|7
|Undavalli Center
|29
|Nidamarru-1
|51
|Baptistpeta
|-
|8
|Kottur
|30
|Kaza-2
|52
|Weavers Colony
|-
|9
|Padmasali Bazar
|31
|Kaza-1
|53
|Atmakur-1
|-
|10
|Nulakapeta
|32
|Chinakakani-2
|54
|Pedavadlapudi-1
|-
|11
|Salam Center
|33
|Chinakakani-1
|55
|Pedavadlapudi-2
|-
|12
|Drivers Colony
|34
|Markandeya Colony
|56
|Pedavadlapudi-3
|-
|13
|Brahmanandapuram
|35
|Tipparla Bazar-01
|57
|Nutakki-1
|-
|14
|Sivadurgapuram
|36
|Sri Lakshmi Narasimha swamy Colony
|58
|Nutakki-2
|-
|15
|Dolasnagar
|37
|Suryanarayana Nagar
|59
|Chirrauru
|-
|16
|Undavalli-2
|38
|NCC Road
|60
|Prathuru
|-
|17
|Undavalli-1
|39
|Koppuravu Colony
|61
|Ippatam
|-
|18
|Penumaka-1
|40
|Vegetables Market
|62
|Vaddeswaram
|-
|19
|Penumaka-2
|41
|Markandeya Colony
|63
|Kolanukonda
|-
|20
|Yerrabalem-3
|42
|Tipparla Bazar-02
|64
|Kunchanapalli
|-
|21
|Yerrabalem-1
|43
|Bank Colony
|-
|22
|Yerrabalem-2
|44
|Bhagatsingh Nagar
|-
|}

==Tourism==
Lakshmi Narasimha Temple is the abode of Lord Vishnu, who manifested himself as Thotadri, is present in Mangalagiri. There are three Narasimha Swamy temples.[28] Undavalli caves, located in Undavalli, are a specimen of Indian rock-cut architecture. The historic caves are located at the top of the hills overlooking the Krishna River, built during the 4th-5th century. Dedicated to Ananta Padmanabha Swamy and Narasimha Swamy, Undavalli Cave Temples are associated with the Vishnukundina kings. Swami Chinna Jeeyar Asramam and Temple town was located in Sitanagaram Tadepalli. Haailand Resorts is the biggest Amusement park on the Guntur-Vijayawada highway. Adventura and Vijayawada Club are recreation places in the corporation.

==Notable Places in Corporation==
*[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] Camp Office.
*[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] Camp Office.
*[[Pawan Kalyan]] Camp Office.
*[[Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation|Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Head Quarters]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh Police]] Head Quarters.
*[[Prakasam Barrage]]
*[[Buckingham Canal]]
*[[Kanaka Durga Varadhi]]
*[[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri|AIIMS Mangalagiri]].
*[[ACA International Cricket Stadium]].
*[[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Mangalagiri]].
*[[Undavalli Caves]].
*[[Krishna Canal Junction railway station]].
*[[Mangalagiri railway station]].
*[[KL University]].
*[[NRI Academy of Medical Sciences]].
*[[SRM University, Andhra Pradesh]].
*[[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]].
*[[Manipal Hospitals India]].
*[[Telugu Desam Party]] Party office for Andhra Pradesh.
*[[YSR Congress Party]] Party office for Andhra Pradesh.
*[[Jana Sena Party]] Party office for Andhra Pradesh.

==See also==
* [[List of municipalities in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangalagiri-Tadepalli Municipal Corporation}}
[[Category:Mangalagiri]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2009]]

Gulana, Madhya Pradesh

2026-05-03T13:02:53Z

Aidan93118681: created article!

{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh (India)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gulana
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The famous Bijasan Mata Mandir at Kanad.
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|40|10|N|76|9|49|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shajapur district|Shajapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,594
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Malvi language|Malwi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 465220
| registration_plate =
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 07362
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gulana''' or '''Golana''' is a town and Tehsil Headquarter in [[Shajapur District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ग्रामीण विकास {{!}} जिला शाजापुर, मध्य प्रदेश शासन {{!}} भारत |url=https://shajapur.nic.in/%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b8/ |access-date=2024-07-28 |language=hi-IN}}</ref> Gulana was an assembly constituency until 2008. It was abolished in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/gulana-madhya-pradesh-assembly-constituency | title=Gulana Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency }}</ref>

465220 Is Pin Code of Gulana. Its located 21 km away from District Headquarter.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Gulana Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Gulana, Shajapur, Madhya Pradesh, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/madhya-pradesh/shajapur/gulana |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Gulana has population of 6,594 of which 3,409 are males while 3,185 are females as Census 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/472826-gulana-madhya-pradesh.html | title=Gulana Village Population - Gulana - Shajapur, Madhya Pradesh }}</ref>

==Agriculture==
The economy of Gulana is mainly dependent on agriculture. Being in Kali Sindh besin, the land here is fertile. Wheat and soybean are the main crops here.

==Education==
* CM rise School, Gulana
* Govt High School, Gulana
* Govt College, Gulana

==Transport==
It is well connected by roads. Gulana is connected by private bus services to all nearest major cities.
*Nearest airport is [[Indore Airport]].

==See also==
* [[Bolai]]
* [[Sundarsi]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://shajapur.nic.in/ District Official Site]

{{Ujjain Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Shajapur district]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}

Prachi Kowli

2026-05-01T08:10:30Z

Aidan93118681:

{{short description|Indian television actress}}
{{External links|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prachi Kowli
| image = Prachi Kowli.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Prachi Kowli
| birth_place =mumbai
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2001–present
| children = 1
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Prachi Kowli''' <ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Prachi Kowli On Breaking Stereotypes With Meri Bhavya Life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/prachi-kowli-on-breaking-stereotypes-with-meri-bhavya-life-the-show-brings-body-shaming-into-the-spotlight-with-sensitivity-and-realism/articleshow/121341082.cms |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> is a television actress. She started her career with Balaji Telefilms' serial ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' on the [[Star Plus]] channel,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/prachi-sheds-her-simple-girl-image-to-go-glam/articleshow/57018856.cms|title=Prachi Thakker sheds her 'simple girl' image to go glam|work=BombayTimes|access-date=2017-03-17}}</ref> ''[[Tu Kahe Agar]]'' by Edit II Productions on [[Zee TV]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nettv4u.com/about/Hindi/tv-serials/tu-kahe-agar|title=Hindi Tv Serials Tu Kahe Agar {{!}} Nettv4u|work=nettv4u|access-date=2017-03-17|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Havan (TV series)|Havan]]'' by Edit II Productions on [[Colors TV]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://charactersrealnames.com/havan-tv-series-all-characters-original-names-with-pictures/|title=Havan TV Series All Characters Original Names with Pictures|date=2015-06-04|work=Characters Real Names|access-date=2017-03-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Neeli Chatri Waale]]'' by Garima Productions on [[Zee TV]],<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Prachi Thakker in a never-seen-before avatar in Zee TV's next |url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/prachi-thakker-never-seen-avatar-zee-tv-s-next-161104 |access-date=2017-03-17 |work=Tellychakkar.com}}</ref>

Prachi has been a part of several television shows in supporting roles, including '''''Meri Bhavya Life''''' on [[Colors TV]], '''''Katha Ankahee''''' on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony]], '''''Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka''''' on [[Colors TV|Colors]], and '''''Aaina''''', produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms. She also played the main antagonist in [[Sethji (TV series)|''Sethji'']] by Offshore Productions on [[Zee TV]].

==Personal life==
Prachi was born in Dadar West, Mumbai and pursued her education at Elphinstone college.

==Television==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2001–2007
|''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
|Rakhi Basu Sengupta
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2002
|''Kaagaz Ki Kashtii''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Tu Kahe Agar]]''
|
|
|-
|2011–2012
| ''[[Havan (TV series)|Havan]]''
| Manjalika
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Neeli Chatri Waale]]''
|
|
|-
|2017
| ''[[Sethji (TV series)|Sethji]]''
| Devi
|
|-
|2018–2019
|''[[Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka]]''
|Sweety Khanna
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Katha Ankahee]]''
|Seema Datta
|
|-
|2023–2024
|''[[Aaina - Roop Nahin, Haqeeqat Bhi Dikhaye]]''
|Meghna Singh
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Meri Bhavya Life]]''
|Uma Agarwal
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]]''
|Pooja Virani
|
|}

==Awards==
===Nominations===

* [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Award 2002]] - Best Actress in Supporting Role as Rakhhi Sen Gupta for ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''
* [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award 2002]] - Best Actress in Supporting Role as Rakhhi Sen Gupta for ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay''
* [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Award 2003]] - Best Actress in Supporting Role as Rakhhi Sen Gupta for ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay''

== References ==
{{reflist}}8. [https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-prachi-kowli-joins-the-cast-of-sphere-origins-meri-bhavya-life-for-colors/2024/12/21 Prachi Kowli joins the cast of Sphere Origins’ Meri Bhavya Life for Colors]. ''Iwmbuzz.com.'' Retrieved 21 December 2024.

9. [https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-prachi-kowli-to-enter-sony-tvs-show-kathaa-ankahee/2023/05/02 Prachi Kowli to enter Sony TV’s show Kathaa Ankahee]. ''Iwmbuzz.com.'' Retrieved 2 May 2023

==External links==
* http://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/prachi-sheds-her-simple-girl-image-to-go-glam/articleshow/57018856.cms
* http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/prachi-thakker-never-seen-avatar-zee-tv-s-next-161104
* http://www.zoomtv.com/telly-talk/fresh/article/i-believe-in-starting-my-year-with-my-3-pillars-of-strength-says-prachi-thakker/21170
* http://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/1156424/RANCHI-City/City#page/28/1
* http://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/1148887/RANCHI-City/City#page/28/1
* http://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/1140839/KOLKATA-City/kolkata-city#page/14/1
* http://epaper.prabhatkhabar.com/1047873/RANCHI-City/City#page/26/1
* http://www.facebook.com/sanjeetnmishra

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakker, Prachi}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vijayalakshmi Ahathian

2026-04-26T23:22:11Z

Aidan93118681: made initial post v1

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vijayalakshmi Ahathian
| image = Vijayalakshmi Agathiyan at Chennai 600028 – 2 Press Meet.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|07|01}}
| birth_place = 
| occupation = Actress
| parents = [[Agathiyan]]
| spouse = Feroz Mohammed
| relatives = Kani Thiru (sister) [[Niranjani Ahathian]] (sister) [[Thiru (director)|Thiru]] (brother-in-law)
| years_active = 2007-present
}}

'''Vijayalakshmi Ahathian''' is an Indian actress and reality show winner who has predominantly appeared in Tamil language films. As the daughter of film director [[Agathiyan]], Vijayalakshmi made her acting debut as a timid girl in [[Venkat Prabhu]]'s ''[[Chennai 600028]]'' (2007), before portraying another timid character in [[Mysskin]]'s drama film, ''[[Anjathe]]'' (2009). After appearing in a few further lead roles, she moved on to become a film producer and an actress in television serials.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} She also participated in the reality show ''[[Survivor Tamil (season 1)|Survivor Tamil]]'' in 2021 and later emerged as the winner.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijayalakshmi-wins-survivor-tamil-heres-a-look-at-the-journey-of-the-supermom/photostory/88256127.cms |title=Vijayalakshmi wins 'Survivor Tamil'; here's a look at the journey of the supermom |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
Vijayalakshmi began her career in the entertainment industry by hosting the show "Hello Tamizha" on the [[STAR Vijay]] channel, before being approached by her childhood friend [[Venkat Prabhu]], to feature in an acting role in his directorial debut, ''[[Chennai 600028]]'' (2007). Narrating the story of a local team [[Backyard cricket|gully cricket]] team, the film went on to become a surprise critical and commercial success, effectively raising the profile of the various cast and crew members associated with the project.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/My-first-break-Vijayalakshmi/article15933002.ece |title=My first break - Vijayalakshmi |newspaper=The Hindu |date=14 February 2009 }}</ref> Her second film, [[Mysskin]]'s crime thriller ''[[Anjathe]]'' (2008) also met with a favourable reaction from critics and audiences, with a reviewer from Sify.com praising her portrayal of timid girl, while noting "Vijayalakshmi is here to stay as the sweet and lovable girl next door [in the film industry]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/anjathey-review-tamil-pclw5shidgigg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308182219/http://www.sify.com/movies/anjathey-review-tamil-pclw5shidgigg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 March 2015 |title=Anjathey |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> However, her subsequent releases including ''[[Adhe Neram Adhe Idam]]'' (2009) and ''[[Kattradhu Kalavu]]'' (2010) did not perform well at the box office.

In July 2008, Vijayalakshmi signed on to portray the leading female role in [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]]'s directorial debut, the animation film ''[[Sultan: The Warrior]]'', alongside [[Rajinikanth]]. Having signed on after [[Ileana D'Cruz]] opted out of the role, Vijayalakshmi was expected to have an animated version of her feature in the film through motion capture technology, while she would also subsequently dub for the role.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} The film went through production delays and was briefly re-titled as ''Hara'', while Vijayalakshmi continued to intermittently film for scenes between 2008 and 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kollyinsider.com/2012/08/vijayalakshmis-connection-with-rajinis.html |title=Vijayalakshmi's connection with Rajini's Sultan |first=Rajini Sultan The Warrior |last=Vijayalakshmi |website=KollyInsider - Tamil Cinema, Kollywood Movie News}}</ref> The film was later shelved, with Vijayalakshmi being replaced by [[Deepika Padukone]] when the project began again as ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' (2014).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kollytalk.com/cinenews/vijayalakshmi-refuses-to-dub-for-deepika-in-kochadaiyaan-97423.html |title=Refuses to dub |publisher=kollytalk.com |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Despite the success of her first few films, success evaded the actress and she increasingly began to act in lower profile films, with a further highly anticipated project titled ''[[Rendavathu Padam]]'', being indefinitely delayed.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} A notable project she starred in the period was the bilingual drama ''[[Attahasa]]'' (2013), which depicted the story of smuggler [[Veerappan]]. Vijayalakshmi portrayed [[Muthulakshmi]], the smuggler's wife, and prior to release of the film, several of her scenes were cut to ensure it passed through the censor board.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/shot-cuts/article3002633.ece |title=Shot Cuts |first=K. R. |last=Manigandan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vanayudham-after-cuts-ready-for-release-on-feb14-news-tamil-ncgkWEedggbsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906014200/http://www.sify.com/movies/vanayudham-after-cuts-ready-for-release-on-feb14-news-tamil-ncgkWEedggbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2018 |title=Ready for release |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

Following her marriage in September 2015, Vijayalakshmi announced her plans to quit acting in films, and instead suggested that she would look to become involved in the film production business.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} She made an exception to her statement by accepting to play a role in the sequel of her debut film, and appeared as a bolder version of Selvi in ''[[Chennai 600028 II]]'' (2016). The film explored the life of the characters from the first part, eight years on, and became a critically and commercially successful venture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200716/chennai-28-ii-is-the-reason-i-came-back-to-acting-vijayalakshmi.html |title=Chennai 28 II is the reason I came back to acting: Vijayalakshmi |first=Kirubhakar |last=Purushothaman |date=20 July 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> During the same period, Vijayalakshmi also worked on her first film production, ''[[Pandigai]]'' (2017), directed by her husband, Feroz. Starring [[Krishna (Tamil actor)|Kreshna]] and [[Anandhi (actress)]], the film opened to mixed reviews in July 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/pandigai-has-given-me-confidence-to-produce-more-films-vijayalakshmi-4729285/ |title=Vijayalakshmi has gained confidence to produce more films with Pandigai |date=30 June 2017}}</ref>

In early 2018, she began acting in ''[[Nayaki (TV series)|Nayaki]]'', a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television serial, by portraying the lead role. However, she quit the show in August 2018 citing "unavoidable reasons", and was replaced by [[Vidya Pradeep]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijayalakshmi-quits-from-popular-serial-nayagi/articleshow/65305357.cms |title=Vijayalakshmi quits from popular serial 'Nayagi' |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In late August 2018, she entered as a wildcard contestant on the reality show, ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 2]]'' and eventually finished as the second runner-up.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-tamil-2-wild-card-entry-vijayalakshmi-avoids-mahat-raghavendra-5322598/ |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 2: Wild-card entry Vijayalakshmi avoids Mahat Raghavendra |date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

In 2021, she participated in the TV reality show ''[[Survivor Tamil (season 1)|Survivor Tamil]]'' on [[Zee Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2021 |title=Survivor Tamil: Sportsperson-turned-actress Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli to Vikranth Santhosh, a look at full and final contestants |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/survivor-tamil-sportsperson-turned-actress-lakshmi-priyaa-chandramouli-to-vikranth-santhosh-a-look-at-full-and-final-contestants/photostory/86162180.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> She was titled the sole survivor of the season in the finale after winning a narrow vote of 4-3-0, while [[Saran Shakthi]] was announced as the runner up and [[Vanessa Cruez]] emerged as the 2nd runner up respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijayalakshmi wins Survivor, pens a thank-you note to contestants and fans |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/vijayalakshmi-wins-survivor-pens-a-thank-you-note-to-contestants-and-fans-1887090-2021-12-13 |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Vijayalakshmi is the daughter of film director, [[Agathiyan]], who is best known for his Tamil romantic films in the 1990s, such as ''[[Kadhal Kottai]]'' (1996), ''[[Gokulathil Seethai (film)|Gokulathil Seethai]]'' (1996) and ''[[Kaadhal Kavithai]]'' (1998). Her mother, Radha, a housewife, died in 2016.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} Vijayalakshmi has two sisters, Kani Thiru and [[Niranjani Ahathian|Niranjini]], who are also involved in the entertainment industry. Kani Thiru works as a television host, while her husband [[Thiru (director)|Thiru]] is a film director.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/two-national-award-winning-directors-in-mr-chandramouli/articleshow/61005850.cms |title=Two National Award-winning directors in Mr Chandramouli |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Niranjini works as a costume designer, and debuted as an actress with ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150611/entertainment-kollywood/article/kreshna-lead-vijayalakshmi%E2%80%99s-filmadded |title=Archived copy |website=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908023030/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150611/entertainment-kollywood/article/kreshna-lead-vijayalakshmi%E2%80%99s-filmadded |archive-date=8 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Vijayalakshmi married her former school mate, Feroz Mohammed, in September 2015 and suggested that the couple would continue to observe their respective Hindu and Islamic faiths. Feroz later moved on to become a film director through ''[[Pandigai]]'' (2017), while the pair had a son in May 2017.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

==Filmography==
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Chennai 600028]]'' || Selvi || Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''[[Anjathe]]'' || Uthra ||
|-
| ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'' || Girl in car || Cameo appearance
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Adhe Neram Adhe Idam]]'' || Janani ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Kattradhu Kalavu]]'' || Krishnaveni ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Attahasa]]'' || [[Muthulakshmi]] || [[Kannada]] film
|-
| ''[[Biriyani (film)|Biriyani]]'' || Rohini Varadharajan ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Vennila Veedu]]'' || Thenmozhi ||
|-
| ''[[Aadama Jaichomada]]'' || Rama ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Chennai 600028 II]]'' || Selvi ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Pandigai]]'' || {{N/a}} || As producer
|-
| 2019 ||''[[High Priestess (TV series)|High Priestess]]'' || Pooja || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] Web Series, released on [[List of ZEE5 original web series|ZEE5]]
|-
| 2020 ||''Wake Up'' ||Viji || Short film
|-
| 2021 ||''[[Kasada Thapara]]'' ||Parameswari || Released on [[Sony Liv]]. Segment : ''Aram patra''
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Iraivan]]'' || Jasmine ||
|-
|2025
|[[Middle Class (film)|''Middle Class'']]
| Anbarasi
|
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
! Year !! Shows !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
|rowspan=2|2018 ||''[[Nayagi (TV series)|Nayagi]]''|| Anandhi (actress) || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] ||Replaced by [[Vidya Pradeep]]
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 2|Bigg Boss 2]]''||Contestant||[[Vijay TV (India)|Vijay TV]] || 2nd runner-up
|-
|2019|| ''[[Mr and Mrs Chinnathirai]]'' || Judge || [[Vijay TV (India)|Vijay TV]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr and Mrs. Chinnathirai Grand Finale to premiere on May 19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/mr-and-mrs-chinnathirai-grand-finale-to-premiere-on-may-19/articleshow/69360343.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2019|| ''Dum Dum Dum'' ||Priya || [[Kalaignar TV]] || <ref>{{Cite web |title=I have been waiting to do a script like this: Vijayalakshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/i-have-been-waiting-to-do-a-script-like-this-vijayalakshmi/articleshow/70465347.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2020||''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 4)|Bigg Boss 4]]''||Guest||[[Vijay TV (India)|Vijay TV]] ||
|-
|2021
|[[Survivor Tamil (season 1)|''Survivor Tamil'']]
|Contestant
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Winner (Sole survivor)
|-
|2022
|''Raju Vootla Party''
|Guest
|[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|2025||''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss 9]]''||Guest||[[Vijay TV (India)|Vijay TV]] || To support sister Kani Thiru
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3164334}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayalakshmi}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Survivor (franchise) winners]]

North West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T02:45:49Z

Aidan93118681: created basic stub initial version

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = North West Delhi {{Small|DL-5}}
| established = 2009
| state =
| union_territory = [[Delhi]]
| reservation = SC
| assembly_cons = [[Narela (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Narela]] [[Badli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Badli]] [[Rithala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rithala]] [[Bawana (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bawana]] [[Mundka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mundka]] [[Kirari (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kirari]] [[Sultan Pur Majra (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Sultanpur Majra]] [[Nangloi Jat (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Nangloi Jat]] [[Mangol Puri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mangol Puri]] [[Rohini (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rohini]]
| incumbent_image = Yogender_Chandoliya.jpg
| mp = [[Yogender Chandoliya]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Delhi/North West Delhi.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining North West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency
}}

'''North West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 7 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the [[India]]n [[National Capital Territory]] of Delhi. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as part of the implementation of the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002. This constituency is reserved for the candidates from the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]].

==Assembly segments==
The North West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Delhi Vidhan Sabha]] segments:<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=556}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|1
|[[Nerela (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Narela]]
| rowspan="2" |[[North Delhi]]
|Raj Karan Khatri
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|5
|[[Badli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Badli]]
| [[Deepak Chaudhary]]
|-
|6
|[[Rithala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rithala]]
|[[North West Delhi]]
| [[Kulwant Rana]]
|-
|7
|[[Bawana (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bawana]] (SC)
|[[North Delhi]]
|Ravinder Singh
|-
|8
|[[Mundka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mundka]]
| rowspan="3" |[[North West Delhi]]
|Gajender Drall
|-
|9
|[[Kirari (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kirari]]
|[[Anil Jha Vats]]
|{{party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|10
|[[Sultan Pur Majra (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Sultanpur Majra]] (SC)
|[[Mukesh Kumar Ahlawat]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|11
|[[Nangloi Jat (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Nangloi Jat]]
|[[West Delhi]]
|[[Manoj Kumar Shokeen]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|12
|[[Mangol Puri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mangol Puri]] (SC)
|[[North West Delhi]]
|[[Raj Kumar Chauhan]]
|-
|13
|[[Rohini (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rohini]]
|[[North Delhi]]
|[[Vijender Gupta]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
The '''North-West Delhi''' Lok Sabha constituency was created in 2009. The list of Member of Parliament (MP) is as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!!Member
!colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2009 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Krishna Tirath]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[Udit Raj]]
|rowspan="3"style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[Hans Raj Hans]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election in Delhi|2024]]
|[[Yogender Chandoliya]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[North West Delhi]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - North-West Delhi">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-U055.htm|title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - North-West Delhi|last1=Election Commission of India|date=4 June 2024|access-date=24 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724182929/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-U055.htm|archive-date=24 July 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Yogender Chandoliya]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=8,66,483|percentage=58.26|change={{decrease}}2.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Udit Raj]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,75,634|percentage=38.71|change={{increase}}21.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=8,984|percentage=0.6|change={{decrease}}0.13}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,90,849|percentage=19.55|change={{decrease}}12.02}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,90,322|percentage=58.01|change={{decrease}}0.96}}{{Election box hold with party link|swing={{formatnum: }}|winner=BJP}}

{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[North West Delhi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Hans Raj Hans]]
|votes = 8,48,630
|percentage = 60.48
|change = {{increase}}14.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Gugan Singh Ranga]]
|votes = 2,94,766
|percentage = 21.01
|change = {{decrease}}17.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rajesh Lilothia]]
|votes = 2,36,882
|percentage = 16.88
|change = {{increase}}5.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 10,210
|percentage = 0.73
|change = {{increase}}0.08
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,53,897
|percentage = 39.48
|change = {{increase}}31.60
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14,02,986
|percentage = 58.97
|change = {{decrease}}2.83
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}14.05
}}
{{Election box end}}

===[[16th Lok Sabha|16th Lok Sabha: 2014 General Elections]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[North West Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU055.htm?ac=5|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|access-date=23 May 2014|archive-date=23 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230927/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU055.htm?ac=5|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Udit Raj]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 6,29,860
|percentage = 46.44
|change = {{increase}}11.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Rakhi Birla]]
|votes = 5,23,058
|percentage = 38.56
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Krishna Tirath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,57,468
|percentage = 11.61
|change = {{decrease}}45.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Basant Panwar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 21,485
|percentage= 1.58
|change ={{decrease}}3.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = none of the above
|votes = 8,826
|percentage = 0.65
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,06,802
|percentage = 7.88
|change = {{decrease}}13.63
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,56,036
|percentage = 61.80
|change = {{increase}}14.11
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{decrease}}10.40
}}
{{Election box end}}

===[[15th Lok Sabha|15th Lok Sabha: 2009 General Elections]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[North West Delhi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Krishna Tirath]]
|votes = 4,87,404
|percentage = 56.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Meera Kanwaria
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 3,02,971
|percentage = 35.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rakesh Hans
|votes = 44,615
|percentage = 5.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sunil Parchha
|votes = 4,479
|percentage = 0.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = Harbans Lal
|votes = 3,430
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,84,433
|percentage = 21.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,57,543
|percentage = 47.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Outer Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of National Capital Territory}}
{{coord|28.7730|N|77.0890|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:North West Delhi (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Delhi]]
[[Category:North West Delhi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies established in 2008]]

Sulata Deo

2026-04-21T22:43:52Z

Aidan93118681: made initial entry with sources - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sulata Deo
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Jajpur
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
| term_start = 2022
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| spouse =
| children = 1 daughter
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Sulata Deo''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], upper house of the Parliament of India from [[Odisha]] as member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]]. She was previously advisor to the 'Mission Shakti' program of Govt of Odisha. She is also spokesperson of BJD.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bjd-to-win-all-four-rajya-sabha-seats-unopposed/articleshow/91928028.cms | title=Odisha: BJD to win all four Rajya Sabha seats unopposed | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=1 June 2022 | accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-bjd-picks-four-young-faces-for-rajya-sabha/articleshow/91867684.cms | title=Odisha: BJD picks four young faces for Rajya Sabha | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 May 2022 | accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-08-07 |title=162 Adivasi villages in Odisha will be submerged by Polavaram, as BJD is paying a price for past support to BJP: BJD MP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/162-adivasi-villages-in-odisha-will-be-submerged-by-polavaram-as-bjd-is-paying-a-price-for-past-support-to-bjp-bjd-mp/article68497131.ece |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=4 women MPs in RS vice-chairpersons' panel |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/4-women-mps-in-rs-vice-chairpersons-panel-8851329/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2023-02-16 |title=BJP MLA Jaynarayan Mishra should be removed from Leader of Opposition post in Odisha Assembly for "assaulting" lady police officer: BJD MP Sulata Deo |url=https://theprint.in/india/bjp-mla-jaynarayan-mishra-should-be-removed-from-leader-of-opposition-post-in-odisha-assembly-for-assaulting-lady-police-officer-bjd-mp-sulata-deo/1377387/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Debabrata |date=29 May 2022 |title=Naveen Patnaik rewards 51-year-old tribal critic with Rajya Sabha ticket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/naveen-patnaik-rewards-51-year-old-tribal-critic-with-rajya-sabha-ticket-101653828233921.html |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2024 |title=जानिए कौन हैं उड़ीसा की वो सांसद जिसने राज्यसभा में उठाई कुत्तों के हक की मांग |trans-title=Know who is the Odisha MP who raised the demand for the rights of dogs in the Rajya Sabha |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/odisha-rajya-sabha-mp-sualata-deo-raised-demands-rights-for-dog-know-all-about-it/articleshow/107451135.cms |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=BJD announces candidates for 4 Rajya Sabha seats from Odisha |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjd-announces-candidates-for-4-rajya-sabha-seats-from-odisha-101653821563572.html |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deo, Sulata}}
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women in Odisha politics]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Mangobinda Adhikari

2026-04-20T01:55:09Z

Aidan93118681: New

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mangobinda Adhikari
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Bhatar Assembly constituency|Bhatar]]
| predecessor = Subhas Mondal
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mangobinda Adhikari''' (born 1986)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Adhikari Mangobinda(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- BHATAR(PURBA BARDHAMAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1556 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a member of [[All India Trinamool Congress]]<ref>{{Cite web|title= Adhikari Mangobinda is a TMC candidate from Bhatar constituency in the 2021 West Bengal Assembly elections |work=[[News18]]|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/west-bengal/adhikari-mangobinda-bhatar-candidate-s25a267c001/ |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> from the [[Bhatar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatar]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal Assembly Election Candidate Adhikari Mangobinda |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/adhikari-mangobinda-25267-8 |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> He won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Bhatar, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021|work=[[India Today]]|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bhatar-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797349-2021-05-02 |access-date= 7 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Adhikari Mangobinda - भातर विधानसभा चुनाव 2021 परिणाम|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|url= https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/west-bengal/candidates/adhikari-mangobinda-aitc-2021-bhatar-287-west-bengal |access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mangobinda is from [[Bhatar]], Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Bishnucharan Adhikari. He studied Class 12 at Aruar BMDP Institute and passed the Higher Secondary Examination in 1973.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adhikari Mangobinda Election Affidavit |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/MTQ1MjE=/MTY=/MTA=/Mw==/QUM= |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mangobinda won from [[Bhatar Assembly constituency]] representing All India Trinamool Congress in the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 108,028 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mahendranath Kowar of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 31,741 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhatar Assembly Election Result 2021 |url=https://www.abplive.com/topic/west-bengal-election-2021/page-4 |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[ABP Live]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangobinda, Adhikari}}
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:1986 births]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

M. Kodanda Reddy

2026-04-20T01:28:21Z

Aidan93118681: Stub!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Mudireddy Kodanda Reddy
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office1 = Telangana Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Commission Chairman
| term_start1 = 6 September 2024
| term_end1 = Incumbent
| constituency2 = [[Musheerabad Assembly constituency|Musheerabad]]
| office2 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 1989
| term_end2 = 1999
| predecessor2 = [[Nayani Narasimha Reddy]]
| successor2 = [[K. Laxman]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Hyderabad
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| birth_name =
| parents =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party =
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Politician
}}
''' Mudireddy Kodanda Reddy ''' is an Indian politician and was a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] during the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature|9th]] and [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature|10th assemblies]] of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1989 |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1989 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ANDHRA PRADESH |url=https://ceotelangana.nic.in/Archives/StasticalReports/StatRep_AP_1989.pdf |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

He was appointed as Dharani committee member constituted by government on 10 January 2024<ref name="Telangana Govt. constitutes committee to study Dharani">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |title=Telangana Govt. constitutes committee to study Dharani |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-committee-to-study-the-implementation-of-dharani-portal-for-land-transactions-was-constituted-by-telangana-government/article67724225.ece |accessdate=7 November 2024 |date=10 January 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107115937/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-committee-to-study-the-implementation-of-dharani-portal-for-land-transactions-was-constituted-by-telangana-government/article67724225.ece |archivedate=7 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref> and later appointed as chairman for Telangana State Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Commission on 6 September 2024.<ref name="New Heads Appointed for Education and Agriculture Commissions">{{cite news |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |title=New Heads Appointed for Education and Agriculture Commissions |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/new-heads-appointed-for-education-and-agriculture-commissions-1821977 |access-date=7 November 2024 |work= |date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107121436/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/new-heads-appointed-for-education-and-agriculture-commissions-1821977 |archive-date=7 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="New chairpersons to farmer, education & BC commissions">{{cite news |newspaper=The Times of India |title=New chairpersons to farmer, education & BC commissions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/new-chairpersons-appointed-to-farmer-education-bc-commissions-in-telangana/articleshow/113138962.cms |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=7 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107121639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/new-chairpersons-appointed-to-farmer-education-bc-commissions-in-telangana/articleshow/113138962.cms |archive-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, M. Kodanda}}
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Belgaum Uttar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:24:12Z

Aidan93118681: made a data

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{other_uses|Belagavi Assembly constituency (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Belgaum Uttar
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 11
| map_image = 11-Belgaum Uttar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Asif Sait]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Anil S Benake]]
| district = [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Belagavi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belagavi]]
| established = 2008
| electors = 2,51,578 
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
}}
'''Belgaum Uttar''' (North Belgaum) Assembly constituency is one of the seats in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It is a segment of [[Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency]]. The seat came into existence when the assembly map was redrawn in 2008. Prior to that most of its area was under the now-defunct [[Uchagaon Assembly constituency]].

==Members of Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1967-2008: See [[Belgaum City Assembly constituency|Belgaum]], [[Uchagaon Assembly constituency|Uchagaon]] and [[Hire Bagewadi Assembly constituency|Hire Bagewadi]]''}}
|-
|[[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Fairoz Nuruddin Saith|Firoz Nuruddin Sait]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[Anil S Benake|Anil S. Benake]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Asif Sait]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]: Belgaum Uttar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Asif Sait]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 69,184
|percentage = 46.28
|change = +4.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ravi. B. Patil
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 64,953
|percentage = 43.45
|change = -10.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Amar Kisan Yallurakar
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 11,743
|percentage = 7.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=[[None of the Above]]
|party=None of the above
|votes=1,161
|percentage=0.78
|change=-0.14
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes=4,231
|percentage=2.83
|change=-8.89
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,49,478|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]: Belgaum Uttar<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Anil S Benake]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:79,060}}
|percentage = 53.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Fairoz Nuruddin Saith|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:61,793}}|percentage=41.91|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Balasaheb Shivajirav Kakatkar|party=Independent politician|votes=1,869|percentage=1.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,361|percentage=0.92|change=}}
{{Election box majority
|votes=17,267
|percentage=11.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,47,426|percentage=62.71|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 ===
* Fairoz Nuruddin Saith (INC): 45,125 votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html|title=Karnataka Election Results 2013, Karnataka Assembly Elections Results 2013|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Renu Suhas Killekar (IND/MES): 26,915 votes

=== 2008 ===
* Fairoz Nuruddin Saith (INC): 37,527 votes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 2008 |url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/2008-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Shankargouda I Patil (BJP): 34,154 votes

== See also ==
* [[Belagavi district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|15.90|74.52|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Belgaum]]
[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Chakramani Kanhar

2026-04-19T01:56:14Z

Aidan93118681: created new details!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chakramani Kanhar
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Baliguda]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Chakramani Kanhar
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Chakramani Kanhar''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Baliguda Assembly constituency|Baliguda]] as a member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chakramani Kanhar Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=257 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Baliguda Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Chakramani Kanhar of BJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/baliguda-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916814.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Elections 2024: Baliguda Constituency result |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/odisha/odisha-assembly-elections-2024-baliguda-constituency-result-3009706 |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=24 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanhar, Chakramani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Veeranarayana Temple, Gadag

2026-04-17T22:31:14Z

Aidan93118681: made a location added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Veeranarayana Temple
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Hindu temple
| image_skyline = Entrance and gopura of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Dravidian ''[[Gopura]]'' of Veeranarayana temple
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.41|N|75.61|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gadag]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Gadag
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Veeranarayana Temple''' in [[Gadag]] city is a Hindu temple known to have been built around 11th century by the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]]. Gadag city is the administrative headquarters of [[Gadag district]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The primary deity in temple is the Hindu god [[Narayana]] (also known as [[Vishnu]]). The Veeranarayana temple is a protected monument under the Karnataka state division of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]]. Priests in the temple are [[Madhva Brahmin]]s and is under their control.<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_protected_monu_karnataka.asp|title=Protected Monuments in Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|accessdate=2 June 2015}}</ref>

==History==
The Veeranarayana temple, Gadag was built during the times of [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]]. The temple was completed renovated in 14th century by the kings of [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tHFuAAAAMAAJ|title=A Handbook of Karnataka|year=1996|page=252|publisher=Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazetteer Department|quote=The place has the Someshwara and Rameshwara temples of Chalukyan style and the Veeranarayana temple of Chalukyan times, completely renovated in Vijayanagara times including the image of Narayana too replaced, the great Kannada poet Kumaravyasa composed his famous Kannada Bharatha in this temple. Gadag has a mosque of Adilshahi times, highly artistic.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Karnataka's Rich Heritage - Art and Architecture:From Prehistoric Times to the Hoysala Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpnoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT317|page=317|author=Lalit Chugh|year=2016| publisher=Notion Press | isbn=978-93-5206-825-8 |quote=Veeranarayana temple is the main temple at present in Gadag. The temple was built during the Kalyani Chalukya times however it received continuous patronage till the Vijayanagara rulers. Kannada poet Kumara Vyasa composed his monumental work in this temple sitting before the image of the god. The temple is located within a huge complex.}}</ref> Prominent Indian scholar-philosopher [[Ramchandra Dattatreya Ranade]] also says the Veeranarayana temple of Gadag was built during Chalukya times.<ref>{{cite book|title=Introduction to Karnatak Mysticism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1MBWAAAAMAAJ|page=13|author=Ramchandra Dattatraya Ranade|publisher=Karnataka University|quote=Veeranarayana, whose temple I happened to pass by at Gadag, and which is a remnant of the Chalukyan period a modern poem with the background of an ancient temple.|year=1996}}</ref>

During the [[Vijayanagar empire]] era, according to the scholar D. Sheshagiri Rao, the notable Kannada poet [[Kumara Vyasa]] who called Gadag his home and the god Narayana (of Gadag) his favorite [[deity]], wrote his Kannada version of the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' making adulatory references invariably to the deity of this temple at the end of each [[canto]] (''sandhi'') .<ref name="canto">Rao (1986), page viii, ''Kumaravyasa Mahabharata (abridged): An English Transcreation of Kumaravyasa's Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari'', Parijatha Publications,</ref> During Vijayanagara times this temple was reconsecrated by a Madhwa saint. Legend has it that it was in this temple, at a particular pillar in the hall, that Kumara Vyasa accomplished the epic having received divine inspiration from his deity.<ref name="karnataka">{{cite web|title=Veera Narayana Temple|url=http://www.karnataka.com/gadag/veeranarayana-temple/|publisher=Karnataka.com|accessdate=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="tatva">Tattvāloka, Volume 25, page 34, 2002, Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Educational Trust</ref> The priests in the temple are [[Madhva Brahmins]] of [[Uttaradi Matha]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A Handbook of Karnataka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tHFuAAAAMAAJ|page=235|author=Suryanath U. Kamath|publisher=Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Gazetteer Department|year=1996}}</ref> An inscription of c.1539 inscribed during the rule of King [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] confirms a gift (''Anandanidhi'') given by the king to the temple.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

==Architecture and sculpture==
The temple overall reflects multiple architectural idioms - [[Western Chalukya architecture|Chalukyas of Kalyani]], [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]] and [[Vijayanagara architecture|Vijayanagara]]. The entrance ''mahadwara'' ("main entrance") and ''[[gopura]]'' ("tower") are in the Vijayanagara style. This leads to a ''[[garuda]] [[stambha]]'' (''lit'', "eagle pillar") in the courtyard and the ''ranga mantapa'' ("gathering hall") which are in Hoysala style. The inner ''mantapa'' (hall adjoining the sanctum) is in the Chalukya style. The deity Veeranarayana (''lit'', "Brave Narayana") is depicted in a standing position, holding the attributes [[Conch]] (''shanka''), Wheel (''[[chakra]]''), Club (''[[Gada (mace)|gadha]]'') and Lotus (''[[padma (attribute)|padma]]'') in his four hands. The attire on deity (''[[dhoti]]'') is worn in a ''veera kaccha'' ("warrior style") giving the appearance of being "ready for battle". The deity is flanked by his consort [[Lakshmi]] and companion [[Garuda]] the eagle.<ref name="karnataka"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Large mantapa (hall) seen from entrance gopura of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG|Large ''[[mantapa]]'' (hall) seen from entrance ''[[gopura]]'' of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag
File:Entrance and gopura seen from the mantapa of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG|Entrance and ''gopura'' seen from the ''mantapa'' of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag
File:Mahamantapa leading to inner mantapa of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG|''Mahamantapa'' (large hall) leading to inner ''mantapa'' and sanctum of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag
File:Kumaravyasa's pillar in thelarge mantapa of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG|''[[Kumaravyasa]]'s pillar'' in the large ''mantapa'' of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag, where the noted poet is known to have written his Kannada version of the epic ''Mahabharata'', popularly known as ''Kumaravyasa Bharata'' or ''Gadugina Bharata'' (c.1425-1450).
File:Minor shrine in the compound of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag.JPG|Minor shrine in the ''[[prakara]]'' (compound) of the Veeranarayana temple in Gadag
</gallery>
{{commons category}}

[[Category:12th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Gadag district]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Karnataka]]

Capture of Peshawar (1834)

2026-04-17T22:25:38Z

Aidan93118681: created article!

{{Short description|Battle between the Sikh Empire and the Peshawar Barakzai Sardars}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Capture of Peshawar (1834)
| partof = [[Afghan–Sikh Wars]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 6 May 1834
| place = [[Peshawar]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| result = Sikh victory
* Capture of Peshawar by the sikhs
| territory = Peshawar captured by the [[Sikh Empire]]
| status =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Sikh Empire flag.svg|border=}} [[Sikh Empire]]
| combatant2 = Peshawar Sardars
| commander1 = [[Hari Singh Nalwa]] [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] [[Mahan Singh Hazarawala]] [[Khushal Singh Jamadar]] [[Tej Singh]] Misr Sukh Raj
| commander2 = [[Sultan Mohammad Khan]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Conflicts in Afghanistan (1900-1950)}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Afghan-Sikh Wars}}

The '''Capture of Peshawar''' took place on 6 May 1834, when the [[Sikh Empire]] formally annexed the territory. Peshawar was governed by the Barakzai Sardars — Yar Mohammed Khan, [[Sultan Mohammed Khan]], Sayeed Mohammed Khan and Pir Mohammed Khan. They were collectively referred to as the Peshawar Barakzais.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sohan lal Suri |title=UMDAT-UT-TAWARIKH Volume 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?|accessdate=6 January 2009|publisher=S.Chand|page=228}}</ref> The Peshawar Barakzais had broken free of their half-brothers ruling Kabul.<ref name="TJ">{{cite book|last=Jaques|first=Tony.|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC|accessdate=31 July 2010|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313335365|page=790}}</ref>

[[Charles Masson]], pseudonym of a deserter from the army of [[The East India Company]] was an eyewitness to the event and has left a detailed account.<ref >{{cite book|author=Masson, C.|title= Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan and the Panjab Vol 3 |year=1842|pages=224-9|publisher= Richard Bentley}}</ref>

== Events ==
Following the collapse of the Durrani Empire, Afghanistan split into many different states to where virtually every city was autonomous or independent in some shape or form, with states like the [[Principality of Qandahar]] and [[Herat (1793-1863)|the Emirate of Herat]] being formed. Maharaj Ranjit Singh sent General [[Hari Singh Nalwa]] and [[Mahan Singh Hazarawala]] as Nalwa's deputy commander to capture Peshawar. After brief fighting, Hari Singh Nalwa captured the city. The news of the capture of [[Peshawar]] quickly reached [[Kabul]] and [[Dost Mohammad Khan]], learning of his deposed brothers defeat.<ref> {{cite book|last=Jaques|first=Tony.|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbMFCZyAcnQC|accessdate=31 July 2010|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313335365|page=790}}</ref> Hari Singh Nalwa was appointed as governor of the city by Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="bak">{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Kevin James|title=War in Afghanistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CbCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|publisher=Rosenberg Publishing|isbn=9781921719394|page=29}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peshawar 1834}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:1834 in India]]
[[Category:Military history of Peshawar]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1834|Peshawar 1834]]
[[Category:Battles involving Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Ranjit Singh]]
[[Category:1834 in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:May 1834]]
{{battle-stub}}
{{sikhism-stub}}

Ramnagar, Tripura Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:21Z

Aidan93118681: created new post more to come - done

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ramnagar
| mla = [[Dipak Majumder]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bye Election to Assembly Constituencies: Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S237.htm}}</ref>
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Tripura|2024]]
| constituency_no=07
| state = [[Tripura]]
| district = [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:45411}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
| type = SLA
| map_image = Ramnagar, Tripura Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Ramnagar''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7249-tripura/ |title=Delimitation Commission of India - Notification |website=eci.gov.in |date=12 May 2005 |author=Shangara Ram |access-date= 25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=district-AC-Map>{{cite web |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |title=District/AC Map - Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura |website=ceotripura.nic.in |access-date= 23 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133941/http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> It is in [[West Tripura district]] and is a part of [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2|Biren Datta || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || rowspan=5 | [[Surajit Datta]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Ratan Das]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Surajit Datta]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
| [[2024 elections in India#Tripura|2024^]] || [[Dipak Majumder]]
|}

*^ denotes by-election

== Election results ==
===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 elections in India#Tripura|Tripura Legislative Assembly by-election, 2024]]: Ramnagar<ref name="2024 Bye Election Results - Ramnagar">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Bye Election Results - Ramnagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S237.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807154158/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S237.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Dipak Majumder]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 25,380
|percentage = 75.46
|change = {{increase}}29.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ratan Das]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 7,366
|percentage = 21.9
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 887
|percentage = 2.64
|change = {{increase}}0.83
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,014
|percentage = 53.56
|change = {{increase}}51.19
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 32,574
|percentage = 71.19%
|change = {{decrease}}12.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,455 |percentage=46.20% |change={{decrease}}7.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Purushuttam Roy Barman|party=Independent politician|votes=16,558|percentage=43.83%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pujan Biswas|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=2,079|percentage=5.50%|change={{increase}}4.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dulal Ghosh|party=Independent politician|votes=1,005|percentage=2.66%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=685|percentage=1.81%|change={{increase}}0.98}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=897 |percentage=2.37% |change= {{decrease}}9.94 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=37,782|percentage=83.24%|change={{decrease}}7.08}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,411 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,092 |percentage=53.51% |change={{increase}}51.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ratan Das]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=16,237|percentage=41.19%|change={{decrease}}8.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pujan Biswas|party=Indian National Congress|votes=648|percentage=1.64%|change={{decrease}}47.37}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=329|percentage=0.83%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Soumen Majumder|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=274|percentage=0.70%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,855 |percentage=12.32% |change= {{increase}}12.14 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=39,416|percentage=88.44%|change={{increase}}0.55}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,659 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}4.32 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ratan Das]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=18,060 |percentage=49.19% |change={{increase}}4.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Surajit Datta]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=17,995|percentage=49.02%|change={{decrease}}3.20}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bidyut Ghosh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=657|percentage=1.79%|change={{decrease}}0.09}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=65 |percentage=0.18% |change= {{decrease}}7.29 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=36,712|percentage=89.85%|change={{increase}}0.63}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,915 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,569 |percentage=52.22% |change={{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Ratan Das]]|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=14,198|percentage=44.74%|change={{increase}}1.23}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nilima Ghosh|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=595|percentage=1.88%|change={{decrease}}0.52}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dulal Deb|party=All India Forward Bloc|votes=370|percentage=1.17%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,371 |percentage=7.47% |change= {{decrease}}3.11 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=31,732|percentage=89.19%|change={{increase}}13.43}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,616 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,431 |percentage=54.10% |change={{increase}}0.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Samir Chakraborty|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=11,608|percentage=43.51%|change={{increase}}4.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chandan De|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=638|percentage=2.39%|change={{decrease}}4.83}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,823 |percentage=10.58% |change= {{decrease}}3.20 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=26,677|percentage=75.89%|change={{decrease}}3.92}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,259 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,303 |percentage=53.28% |change={{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Madhu Sengupta|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=9,862|percentage=39.50%|change={{decrease}}2.30}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mati Lal Das|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,803|percentage=7.22%|change={{increase}}3.41}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,441 |percentage=13.78% |change= {{increase}}1.92 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=24,968|percentage=81.39%|change={{increase}}3.13}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,373 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,862 |percentage=53.67% |change={{increase}}1.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chhaya Baul|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=10,018|percentage=41.80%|change={{decrease}}5.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Paritosh Pal|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=914|percentage=3.81%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,844 |percentage=11.87% |change= {{increase}}7.68 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=23,967|percentage=77.52%|change={{decrease}}6.43}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,350 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surajit Datta]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,663 |percentage=51.79% |change={{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Khagen Das|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=9,802|percentage=47.61%|change={{decrease}}3.18}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=861 |percentage=4.18% |change= {{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=20,587|percentage=83.80%|change={{increase}}4.12}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,841 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Biren Dutta |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,026 |percentage=50.80% |change={{decrease}}12.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Ranjan Gupta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,640 |percentage=48.35% |change={{increase}}29.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jyotimoy Ghosh |party=Independent politician |votes=134 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=386 |percentage=2.44% |change= {{decrease}}41.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,800 |percentage=80.24% |change= {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,063 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ramnagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Biren Datta |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,420 |percentage=63.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Apanshu Mohan Lodh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,553 |percentage=19.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naripendra Mohan Paul |party=Janata Party |votes=1,240 |percentage=9.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pramode Ranjan Dasgupta |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=870 |percentage=6.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anukul Chandra Saha |party=Independent politician |votes=195 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,867 |percentage=44.19% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,278 |percentage=78.72% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,132 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
*[[West Tripura district]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.6|91.28|display=title}}

[[Category:West Tripura district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tripura]]

Desmond Donnelly

2026-04-05T21:08:03Z

Aidan93118681: created new article!

{{short description|British politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Desmond Donnelly
| image =
| constituency_MP = [[Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Pembrokeshire]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| term_start = 1950
| term_end = 1970
| predecessor = [[Gwilym Lloyd George]]
| successor = [[Nicholas Edwards]]

| birth_name = Desmond Louis Donnelly
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1920|10|16}}
| birth_place = [[Sibsagar]], [[Assam]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1974|4|3|1920|10|16}}
| death_place = [[West Drayton]], England
| death_cause = Drug-related [[suicide]]
| party = {{unbulleted list| [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] {{small|(1936–{{circa}}45; 1945–68)}} | [[Common Wealth Party|Common Wealth]] {{small|(1945)}} | [[Democratic Party (UK, 1969)|Democratic]] {{small|(1969–71)}} | [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] {{small|(1971–74)}}}}
| other_party = [[Northern Ireland Labour Party|NILP]] {{small|(1946)}}

| allegiance = [[United Kingdom]]
| branch = [[Royal Air Force]]
| service_years =
| rank = [[Flight Lieutenant]]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles =
}}
'''Desmond Louis Donnelly''' (16 October 1920 – 3 April 1974) was a British [[politician]], author and [[Journalism|journalist]] who was a member of four political parties during the course of his career, and moved between parties on five occasions.

==Origins==
{{more citations needed|section|date=July 2017}}
Donnelly, whose ancestry was [[Ireland|Irish]], was born in [[Sibsagar]], [[Assam]], [[India]], where his father was a [[tea]] planter; his mother was English and descended from a member of the Indian Civil Service. In 1928 he was the first of his family to return to Britain for his schooling in a century (accompanied by his mother; they lost contact with his father); he went to Brightlands School, Newnham-on-Severn, [[Gloucestershire]]. Later he attended [[Bembridge School]] (a [[public school (England)|public school]]) on the [[Isle of Wight]]. He first joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in 1936 after becoming interested in the ideas of [[William Morris]].

He did not go to university. As a keen sportsman, Donnelly became secretary of the London Grasshoppers Rugby Club on leaving school and while working as an office boy. At the age of 17 he set up the ''British Empire Cricket XI'',<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?lr=&cd=123&id=nxSCAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Desmond+Donnelly%22+dead+OR+died+OR+death&q=%22Desmond+Donnelly%22+ War games: the story of sport in World War Two] By Tony McCarthy. p. 54.</ref> which continued through the war years, supporting [[cricket]], and raising funds for the Duke of Gloucester's Red Cross and the St John fund. He enlisted in the [[Royal Air Force]] in 1939 and served as a [[Flying Officer]] with [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]. Later he joined the 'Desert Air Force' in the [[North African Campaign]] and [[Italy]] where he rose to the rank of [[Flight Lieutenant]].

==On the left==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
In the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]], Donnelly fought the constituency of [[Evesham (UK Parliament constituency)|Evesham]] in [[Worcestershire]] for [[Common Wealth Party|Common Wealth]], an idealistic [[socialist]] party generally regarded as to the left of Labour. Although there was no Labour Party candidate, Donnelly was narrowly pushed into third place by the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] candidate.

Common Wealth did not long survive the election and Donnelly rejoined Labour in September 1945. From 1945 to 1946 he lectured at the RAF Staff College. On leaving the RAF, Donnelly became assistant editor and later editor of ''Town and Country Planning'', the journal of the [[Town and Country Planning Association]]. From 1948 was that Association's Director. He contested the [[1946 Down by-election]] as a [[Northern Ireland Labour Party]] candidate.

==Bevanite==
{{one source|section|date=July 2017}}
Donnelly was chosen to fight [[Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Pembrokeshire]] for the Labour Party in the [[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950 general election]], which a good Labour candidate had narrowly failed to win in 1945 and where the sitting Member, [[Gwilym Lloyd George]], was very popular, not merely because he was the son of [[David Lloyd George]]. Despite the general trend away from the Labour Party, Donnelly beat Lloyd George by playing on the fact that he was supporting the Conservatives, and won the seat by 129 votes.

In Parliament, he defined himself as "an Englishman with an Irish name sitting for a Welsh seat"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/webarchive/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fwales%2Fentries%2F197740a7-6f91-3a83-aa8d-d2db0082d19a |title=Desmond Donnelly, mercurial but doomed |date=2013-04-09 |first=Phil |last=Carradice |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and initially allied with [[Aneurin Bevan]]. He also made sure to build extensive contacts within his constituency, where he became very popular. Although his seat never became entirely safe, he was never taken to the wire. While serving as an MP, Donnelly upped his income by acting as a consultant to the engineering firms David Brown and Philips Industries and to the merchant bankers Hill Samuel.

==Gaitskellite==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
In 1954, Donnelly fell out with Bevan over the issue of [[West Germany|German]] rearmament which he considered necessary. He was also outspokenly anti-[[Soviet Union]], a position which intensified after he made trips to the [[Soviet bloc]]. After 1955, he became known as a vociferous opponent of the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] and a [[Gaitskellism|general supporter]] of [[Hugh Gaitskell]] as Labour leader.

This ensured his appointment as political correspondent for the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' from 1959, but Gaitskell's death in 1963 brought in [[Harold Wilson]] with whom Donnelly was not pleased; although his skills would have merited appointment to Wilson's government after the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964 election]], Wilson offered Donnelly nothing.

In the mid-1960s, Donnelly decided to call for an alliance between the Labour Party and the Liberal Party. He also joined with another Labour MP, [[Woodrow Wyatt]], to publicly oppose the Labour Party policy of [[nationalising]] the [[Steel]] industry; given the narrow majority which Wilson's government had in its first term, their opposition would have been enough to vote down the plan, and any moves had to be postponed until after the [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966 election]] gave a landslide majority.

==Labour rebel==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
Donnelly began causing increasing trouble to the Labour Party whips after the election. He became chief political correspondent for the ''[[News of the World]]'' in 1967 which ensured his views were widely known. He heaped scorn on the government's handling of the economy and called for a fundamental change to the relation of the party to the [[trade union]]s "in which the unions do not look on the Labour Party as their pet [[poodle]]".

The final breach in relations came after spending cuts caused by [[devaluation]] of the [[Pound sterling]] in November 1967 forced the government to withdraw from defence commitments '[[east of Suez]]'. Donnelly resigned the Labour Party whip in the House of Commons on 18 January 1968. The Labour Party responded on 27 March by expelling him from membership of the party entirely.

==Democratic Party==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
At a meeting of the [[Monday Club]] in 1968, Donnelly received a two-minute standing ovation, and then told members "Mr Wilson should resign and leave public life". However he was not willing to join the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] and instead set up his own party, initially known as 'Our Party' but later the [[Democratic Party (UK, 1969)|Democratic Party]]. In some respects the party's policy was to the right of the Conservatives, advocating the abolition of the [[welfare state]], sweeping changes to the taxation system, and the return of [[national service]]. The party fought five seats at the [[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970 general election]] but polled poorly. Donnelly himself lost Pembrokeshire to the Conservatives.

==Later career==
Abruptly, in April 1971, Donnelly announced that he had joined the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], without warning the members of the Democratic Party. He explained that the Conservative Party closely reflected his views on reform of the law relating to trades unions and [[EEC]] entry, and attended the Conservative Party conference that October as a delegate from [[Cities of London and Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Cities of London and Westminster]]. He applied for, but did not get, the Conservative nomination for the [[1973 Hove by-election|Hove by-election]] in 1973, and was also rejected for [[Melton (UK Parliament constituency)|Melton]] for the next general election.

In addition to prolific journalism (he specialised in book reviews), Donnelly had gone into business after his defeat in 1970 and became chairman of ICPS Ltd and Managing Director of Practical Europe Ltd.<ref>{{cite book|title=Town and Country Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PNUAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=The Association}}</ref> In the recession of 1973 and 1974, his companies struggled financially, and this, combined with his failure to get back into the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] as a Conservative, was to cause serious depression.

Donnelly committed [[suicide]] in a hotel room at [[West Drayton]] near [[Heathrow Airport]] on 3 April 1974, by drinking a large amount of [[vodka]] and taking a massive [[overdose]] of [[barbiturates]].<ref name="Morgan2007">{{cite book|author=Kenneth O. Morgan|title=Michael Foot: A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IrohAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=HarperPress|isbn=978-0-00-717826-1}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* "Mr Desmond Donnelly: An independent politician" ([[obituary]] in ''[[The Times]]'', 5 April 1974)
* Donnelly, D. (1968) ''Gadarene '68''', William Kimber: London. {{ISBN|0-7183-0071-8}}
* Donnelly, D. (1969) ''The Nearing Storm'', Arrow Books: London. {{ISBN|0-09-001810-9}}
* Stenton, M. & Lees, S. (1979) ''Who's Who of British MPs: Volume IV, 1945-1979'', Harvester: Brighton. {{ISBN|0-85527-335-6}}
* ''Welsh Political Archive Newsletter'', Summer 1998 No 25 "Desmond Donnelly Papers" (with photograph) (The [[National Library of Wales]]) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060115145319/http://www.llgc.org.uk/lc/awg_s_cylch25.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20060115145319/http://www.llgc.org.uk/lc/awg_s_cylch25.htm] (Last visited 31 July 2006)
* Jones, J.G. "Desmond Donnelly and the 1963 Labour Party leadership contest", ''Llafur'', 7/3-4 (1999): 153–59.
* Layne, A. (2004) ''Desmond Donnelly'' (PhD dissertation, Miami University.
* Rodgers, Lord [William Rodgers]. "Desmond Donnelly", in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''

==External links==
* {{Hansard-contribs| mr-desmond-donnelly | Desmond Donnelly }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Pembrokeshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Pembrokeshire]]
| years = [[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950]]–[[1970 United Kingdom general election|1970]]
| before = [[Gwilym Lloyd George]]
| after = [[Nicholas Edwards]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Donnelly, Desmond}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1974 suicides]]
[[Category:Welsh Labour MPs]]
[[Category:People from Sivasagar]]
[[Category:Drug-related suicides in England]]
[[Category:Barbiturates-related deaths]]
[[Category:British politicians who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) people]]
[[Category:Northern Ireland Labour Party politicians]]
[[Category:Common Wealth Party politicians]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1950–1951]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1951–1955]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1955–1959]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1959–1964]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1964–1966]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1966–1970]]
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Pembrokeshire constituencies]]
[[Category:People educated at Bembridge School]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Common Wealth Party]]

Lalitagiri

2026-03-30T20:51:37Z

Aidan93118681: New!

{{Short description|Buddhist complex in the Indian state of Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Lalitagiri
| native_name =
| image = File:Mahastupha_at_Lalitgiri.jpg
| caption = Lalitagiri Mahastupa
| map_type = India
| location = India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.5894|86.2506|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Buddhism]]
| rite =
| region = Coastal
| state = [[Odisha]]
| province =
| territory =
| prefecture =
| sector =
| district =
| circle =
| municipality =
| consecration_year =
| status =
| functional_status = Preserved
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| website =
| architecture =
| architect =
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed =
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =
}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}

'''Lalitagiri''' ({{Langx|or|ଲଳିତଗିରି}}) (also known as '''Nalitagiri''') is a major [[Buddhist]] complex in the [[Cuttack district]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]] of Odisha. The complex is home to [[stupa]]s, 'esoteric' Buddha images, and monasteries ([[vihara]]s), which is the oldest site in the region.{{Sfn|Hoiberg|Ramchandani|2000|pp=175–176}}<ref name="ASI">{{Cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_orissa_es_lalitagiri.asp|title=Excavated Buddhist site, Laitagiri|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|access-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926160922/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_orissa_es_lalitagiri.asp|archive-date=26 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Sfn|Goldberg|Decary2012|p=387}} Significant finds at this complex include [[Buddha]]'s relics.{{Sfn|Goldberg|Decary2012|p=387}} Tantric Buddhism was practiced at this site.{{Sfn|Biswas|2014|p=58}}

Together with the [[Ratnagiri, Odisha|Ratnagiri]] and [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] sites a short distance away, Lalitagiri is part of the "Diamond Triangle" of Buddhist sites.<ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Open-air exhibits at Udaygiri, Ratnagiri and Lalitgiri and the lure of Diamond Triangle of Odisha |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/travel/open-air-exhibits-at-udaygiri-ratnagiri-and-lalitgiri-and-the-lure-of-diamond-triangle-of-odisha/cid/2082907 |access-date=16 September 2025 |agency=My Kolkata |issue=The Telegraph |date=11 February 2025}}</ref><ref name=Department>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/Lalitagiri.html|title=Lalitagiri|publisher=Government of Odisha: Department of Tourism|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061707/http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/Lalitagiri.html|archive-date=2015-09-24}}</ref><ref name=Kumar>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first= Arjun |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-22/news/31224944_1_cuttack-buddhist-heritage-monastery|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022075809/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-22/news/31224944_1_cuttack-buddhist-heritage-monastery|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2013|title=Sounds of silence at Buddhist sites in Odisha, Ratnagiri-Udayagiri-Lalitagiri|date=22 March 2012|newspaper=Economic times}}</ref> It used to be thought that one or all of these were the large [[Pushpagiri Vihara]] known from ancient records,{{Sfn|Hoiberg| Ramchandani|2000|pp=175–176}} but this has now convincingly located at a different site.

==Location==
[[File:Lalitgiri Complete.jpg|left|thumb|Full view of the chaityagriha stupa complex in Lalitagiri]]
Lalitagiri is a major center of Buddhism hemmed between the Parabhadi and Landa sandstone hills in the standalone Assian hill range. It is situated in the [[Mahanga Tahsil]] in [[Cuttack district]]. [[Bhubaneswar]], the state capital of Odisha, is {{Convert|90|km}} from the site,<ref name="ASI"/><ref name=Department/> while [[Cuttack]], the former state capital is {{Convert|60|km}} away; Udaigiri is {{Convert|8|km}} from Lalitagiri and Ratnagiri is {{Convert|12|km}} away.{{Sfn|Goldberg|Decary2012|p=387}} [[Cuttack]] is well connected by road, rail and air services with the rest of the country.

==History==
[[File:Lalitgiri Ruins.jpg|left|thumb|Lalitagiri Ruins]]
The first identification of archaeological antiquities from the Diamond Triangle sites was conducted in 1905 by M.M. Chakravarty, the then Sub Divisional Officer in [[Jajpur]]. Later, in 1927 and 1928, [[R.P. Chanda]] of the [[Indian Museum]] in [[Kolkata]] documented the site in the Memoirs of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI). In 1937, the site was officially declared a protected monument by the central government. In 1977, some excavations were done at the site by the [[Utkal University]]. Detailed excavations by the Bhubaneswar Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India were conducted between 1985 and 1991. From these investigations, it has been inferred that Lalitagiri, one of the earliest Buddhist sites in Orissa, maintained a continuous cultural sequence starting from the post [[Mauryan period]] (322–185 BC) till 13th century AD.<ref name="ASI"/> It is also inferred that this site maintained a continuous presence of Buddhism, unbroken, from 3rd century BC to 10th century AD.{{Sfn|Sinha |Das|1996|p=74}}

In 1985, the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) started excavation at Lalitagiri to locate Pushpagiri, an important Buddhist site mentioned in the writings of the 7th-century Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]]. The excavation led to several important archaeological discoveries, but none that identified Lalitagiri with Pushpagiri. Later, excavations at Langudi Hill suggested that [[Pushpagiri Vihara|Pushpagiri]] was located there.<ref name="Telegraph_2007">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070129/asp/jamshedpur/story_7319473.asp | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204032205/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070129/asp/jamshedpur/story_7319473.asp | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 February 2013 | title=ASI hope for hill heritage – Conservation set to start at Orissa site | date=29 January 2007 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref>

==Archaeological finds==
[[File:Skeleton_Buddha.jpg|right|thumb|Sculpture of the fasting Buddha]]

The excavations carried out by the ASI at Lalitagiri have unearthed remnants of a large stupa on the hill. Within the stupa, two rare stone caskets were found with [[relics]] of Buddha; this was the first such find in Eastern India. The stone caskets, like Chinese Puzzle boxes, made of [[Khondalite]] stone, revealed three other boxes within them, made of [[steatite]], silver and gold respectively; the gold casket, which is the last one, contained a relic or [[Dhātu (ayurveda)|dhatu]] in the form of a small piece of bone.<ref name="ASI"/>

Another interesting find is that of an east facing [[apsidal]] [[chaitya]]griha, built of bricks, {{Convert|33|x|11|m}} in size with {{Convert|3.3|m}}-thick walls. This edifice, the first such Buddhist structure found in Odisha, contains a circular [[stupa]] at its center. Also found were a series of [[Kushan Empire|Kushana]] [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] inscriptions made on shells with cuts on moonstone at the periphery of the edifice. Another find is a piece of a pillar railing with a lens-shaped decoration with the theme of a half lotus medallion. From these finds it is inferred that such structures belonged from the early [[Christian era]] to 6th–7th century period.<ref name="ASI"/>
[[File:Lalitgiri WIKI.JPG|right|thumb|Entrance to one of the monasteries]]
[[File:Lalitgiri Central structure.jpg|right|thumb|Lalitagiri Central structure]]
Also found were remnants of four monasteries. The first and the largest monastery, facing east, a two storied structure measuring {{Convert|36|m2}}, has at its center a {{Convert|12.9|m}} square open space; it is dated to 10th–11th century AD. Adjoining the monastery at the rear end is a rainwater [[cistern]] built of bricks. The second monastery, in the northern extremity of the hill, is believed to have been built when [[Buddhism]] was losing its importance in Lalitagiri. The third monastery faces south-east and has dimensions of {{Convert|28|x|27|m}} with a central open space of {{Convert|8|m2}} and represents the end stages of apsidal chaitya. The fourth monastery, {{Convert|30|m2}}, in size, has many large sized Buddha heads deified in the [[sanctum sanctorum]]. A terracotta monastic seal with the inscription "Sri Chandraditya Vihara Samagra Arya Vikshu Sanghasa" is dated to the 9th–10th century AD.<ref name="ASI"/>

The antiquities unearthed include a plethora of images of Buddha in different meditative forms from the [[Mahayana Buddhism]] period. The finds also include a gold [[pendant]], silver jewellery, stone tablets with imprints of [[Ganesha]] and [[Mahishasuramardini|Mahisasurmardini]], a seal matrix-cum-pendant, and a small image of [[Avalokiteśvara]].

Images of [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara]] in the form of Tara Kurukulla or Kurukulla Tara have been reported in Lalitagiri and also from Udayagiri and Ratnagiri, including an [[Emanationism|emanation]] form of [[Amitabha]] seated in a [[lalitasana]] posture.{{Sfn|Session|2000|p=74}} Images of [[Hariti]] have also been found in Lalitagiri and also in Udayagiri and Ratnagiri. These images portray the goddess in a seated position, breast feeding a child or with the child seated in its lap. Hariti was once a child abductor, but Buddha persuaded her to become the protector of children.{{Sfn|Session|2000|p=76}}

Also found are potsherds with inscriptions dated from the post [[Mauryan period]] to 8th–9th century AD, which indicate that Buddhists belonging to the [[Hinayana]] and Mahayana sects lived here. The last period of occupation is identified as belonging to [[Vajrayana]], the Tantric period of Buddhism during the reign of [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty]] (8th–10th century AD).<ref name="ASI"/>

==Museum==

[[File:Lalaitgiri Museum 1.jpg|thumb|Lalaitgiri Site Museum (New)]]

Initially, a makeshift enclosure housed the sculptures unearthed from the site for display.<ref name="Rangan"/><ref name="ASI"/> Now the permanent museum established houses sculptures of Buddha from the Mahayana period. The huge stone statues, with inscriptions on some of them, are of Buddha, [[Boddhisattva]], Tara, [[Jambhala]] and many others. The statues of Buddha, portrayed in a standing position and attired with a drape adorned from shoulder level to the knee, is reflective of the Gandhara and Mathura schools of sculpture. The relic caskets recovered from the stone stupa on the hill are also on display.<ref name=Department/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last= Biswas |first=Subhash C |title=India the Land of Gods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hKQOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|date=29 September 2014|publisher=PartridgeIndia|isbn=978-1-4828-3655-4}}
*{{cite book|last1= Goldberg |first1=Kory |last2= Decary |first2=Michelle |title=Along the Path: The Meditator's Companion to the Buddha's Land|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQmsAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA387|date=26 June 2012|publisher=Pariyatti|isbn=978-1-928706-56-4}}
*{{cite book|last1= Hoiberg|first1= Dale |last2= Ramchandani |first2=Indu |title=Students' Britannica India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPP7O3nb3g0C&pg=PA176|year=2000|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-0-85229-760-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Session|first=Indian Art History Congress|title=Proceedings of Indian Art History Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh5NAAAAYAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Indian Art History Congress}}
*{{cite book|last1= Sinha |first1=Chitta Ranjan Prasad |last2= Das |first2=Harish Chandra |title=Proceedings of the Indian Art History Congress, 4th Session, Patna – 1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9o_WAAAAMAAJ|date=1996|publisher=Indian Art History Congress}}

==Further reading==
* Donaldson, Thomas Eugene, ''Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Odisha'', 2001, Abhinav Publications, {{ISBN|81-7017-375-2}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC Volume 1 is the text], given page references, and [https://books.google.com/books?id=PvevNuX6c04C&pg=PT71Volume 2 the plates], given figure numbers.

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/nbg90455/sets/72157626004121829/detail/ Photos of Lalitagiri]

{{Odisha}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Ancient Dharmic centres of Higher Learning}}
{{Portal bar|Religion|India}}

[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in Odisha]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Ancient universities of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Buddhist universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Odisha]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jajpur district]]
[[Category:Defunct Buddhist monasteries]]
[[Category:Former Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Ruins in India]]
[[Category:Stupas in India]]
[[Category:6th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:6th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:14th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhist sculpture]]

<ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Open-air exhibits at Udaygiri, Ratnagiri and Lalitgiri and the lure of Diamond Triangle of Odisha |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/travel/open-air-exhibits-at-udaygiri-ratnagiri-and-lalitgiri-and-the-lure-of-diamond-triangle-of-odisha/cid/2082907 |access-date=16 September 2025 |agency=My Kolkata |issue=The Telegraph |date=11 February 2025}}</ref>

Patidar reservation agitation

2026-03-30T15:50:27Z

Aidan93118681: created new details from scratch - done

{{Short description|Public demonstrations in Gujarat, India, since 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Patidar reservation agitation
| image = Patidar reservation agitation 25 August Ahmedabad rally.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Demonstration rally at Ahmedabad on 25 August 2015
| native_name = પાટીદાર અનામત આંદોલન
| motto =
| native_name_lang = gu
| english_name =
| date = {{start date|df=yes|2015|07|06}} – {{end date|df=y|2019|01|14}}
| location = [[Gujarat]], India
| coordinates = 
| also known as = Patel quota stir, Patidar Anamat Andolan
| type = [[Demonstration (protest)|street protest, protest march]], [[procession]]
| theme =
| cause = Seeking [[Other Backward Class]] status for the [[Patidar]] community
| organisers = Several Patidar community organisations
| outcome = [[One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India|103rd Amendment of the constitution]] granting 10% reservation to economically weak people
| reported deaths = 14<ref name="death12"/><ref name="death2015"/><ref name=u15/>
| reported injuries = at least 27 citizens<ref name="rjkfir2015"/> and 203 police personnel
| reported missing =
| reported property damage = Several vehicles, more than 200 buses and public properties damaged across Gujarat Ahmedabad: {{INR}} 12 [[crore]]<ref name="amcdam2015"/> (120 million rupees) Rajkot: {{INR}} 1.47 crore<ref name="rjkfir2015"/> (14.7 million rupees) Police department:{{INR}} 200 crore<ref name="plc2015"/> (2,000 million rupees)
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| arrests = At least 650<ref name="arrestx2015"/>
| suspects =
| accused =
| convicted =
| charges = 438 cases under various charges (391 withdrawn later)<ref name="nocase2016"/>
| verdict =
| convictions =
| publication bans =
| litigation =
| awards =
}}
Starting in July 2015, the people of India's [[Patidar]] community,{{efn-ua|Also called [[Patel]]s, from a very common [[cognate (linguistics)|cognate]] surname among them}} seeking [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) status, held public demonstrations across the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].

The largest demonstration was held in [[Ahmedabad]] on 25 August 2015, and was attended by thousands. Later, there were incidents of violence and arson across the state, resulting in the imposition of [[curfew]] in several cities and towns. Properties and vehicles worth [[crore]]s (tens of millions) of rupees were damaged and destroyed. The state returned to normalcy by 28 August. Despite talks with the government, the agitation resumed and turned violent again on 19 September. The government announced the offers of scholarships and subsidies to general category students on 24 September 2015 and a 10% seats reserved for the economically backward classes in April 2016. The 10% reservation was quashed by the [[Gujarat High Court]] in August 2016. The agitation lingered on for two more years. In January 2019, the [[Parliament of India]] [[One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India|amended the constitution]] granting maximum 10% reservation to the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of the society. The amendment was challenged in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] where its validity was upheld in November 2022.

==Background==

In India, the [[Other Backward Class|Other Backward Caste]] (OBC) status invokes [[affirmative action]] which provides [[Reservation in India|reserved quotas in education and government jobs]]. In Gujarat, 27% of the seats in government and education are reserved for OBC, 7.5% for [[Scheduled Castes]] and 15% for [[Scheduled Tribes]] for a total of 49.5% of all seats.<ref name="abadrel">{{cite web | title=Turmoil brewing in Gujarat as Patel community demands OBC status, Hardik Patel on indefinite hunger strike | website=IBNlive | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://m.ibnlive.com/news/politics/turmoil-brewing-in-gujarat-as-patel-community-demands-obc-status-hardik-patel-begins-indefinite-hunger-strike-1051104.html | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828223844/http://m.ibnlive.com/news/politics/turmoil-brewing-in-gujarat-as-patel-community-demands-obc-status-hardik-patel-begins-indefinite-hunger-strike-1051104.html | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="dna 2012">{{cite news | title=Gujarat says no to reservation in GNLU | newspaper=dna | date=2012-07-06 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-gujarat-says-no-to-reservation-in-gnlu-1711395 | access-date=2015-08-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222401/http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-gujarat-says-no-to-reservation-in-gnlu-1711395 | archive-date=23 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>{{efn-ua|[[Other Backward Castes]], [[Scheduled Castes]] and [[Scheduled Tribes]] are collectively called "Reserved category", where other groups are called "general category".}}
The Supreme Court capped the reservation at 50% in their 1992 judgement in the [[Indra Sawhney case]].<ref name="dnaoe2015">{{cite news | title= The politics of reservation in Gujarat and Anandiben Patel's options | newspaper=DNA| date=24 August 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/editorial-dnaedit-demanding-the-sky-2117355 | access-date=2015-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825181654/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/editorial-dnaedit-demanding-the-sky-2117355 | archive-date=25 August 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1981, the [[Government of Gujarat]], headed by [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) chief minister [[Madhavsinh Solanki]], introduced the reservation for socially and economically backward castes (SEBC), chiefly [[Koli people|Koli]] caste, based on recommendations of the Bakshi Commission. It resulted in anti-reservation agitation across the state, which spilled over in riots that resulted in more than one hundred deaths. Solanki resigned in 1985 but later returned to power, winning 149 out of 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|assembly]] seats. He was supported by [[Kshatriya]], [[Harijan]], [[Adivasi]] and [[Muslim]]s, collectively called [[KHAM theory|KHAM]]. This caused other communities, including Patidars, to lose the political influence which later alienated the INC. Patidars represents 12.3% of the population of Gujarat.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2016 pp. 218–232">{{cite journal | last=Jaffrelot | first=Christophe | title=Quota for Patels? The Neo-middle-class Syndrome and the (partial) Return of Caste Politics in Gujarat | journal=Studies in Indian Politics | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=4 | issue=2 | year=2016 | pages=218–232 | doi=10.1177/2321023016665532 | s2cid=155621157 }}</ref><ref name="Standard 2015">{{cite news | last=Standard | first=Business | title=Why Gujarat is seeing violence over the Patidar agitation | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=29 August 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/why-gujarat-is-seeing-violence-over-the-patidar-agitation-115082900812_1.html | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190518/http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/why-gujarat-is-seeing-violence-over-the-patidar-agitation-115082900812_1.html | archive-date=6 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The SEBC (later the OBC) list initially comprised 81 communities, which by 2014 had expanded to 146 communities.<ref name="dnaoe2015"/><ref name="Langax2015">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=Quota agitation in Gujarat heading for caste conflicts? | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 August 2015 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/quota-agitation-in-gujarat-heading-for-caste-conflicts/article7570338.ece | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906110838/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/quota-agitation-in-gujarat-heading-for-caste-conflicts/article7570338.ece | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="castpli2015">{{cite news | title=The fixed centre around which Gujarat caste politics revolves | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-fixed-centre-around-which-gujarat-caste-politics-revolves/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831022724/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/the-fixed-centre-around-which-gujarat-caste-politics-revolves/ | archive-date=31 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the 1980s the proportion of reserved seats was 10%; by 2014 it had increased to 27%.<ref name="ms2015">{{cite news | title=KHAM architect Madhavsinh Solanki speaks out: Patel agitation won't last long | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kham-architect-madhavsinh-solanki-speaks-out-patel-agitation-wont-last/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902211329/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kham-architect-madhavsinh-solanki-speaks-out-patel-agitation-wont-last/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Patidar community is facing class-differentiation within the community. There was a growing discontent among Patidar youth due to shrinking economic opportunities and among older generation due to their downward social mobility.<ref name="Jaffrelot 2016 pp. 218–232"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tilche|first=Alice|year=2016|title=Migration, bachelorhood and discontent among the Patidars|url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/65860/|journal=Economic & Political Weekly|volume=51|issue=26–27|pages=17–24|issn=2349-8846|via=LSE Research Online|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220095703/https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/65860/|archive-date=20 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="NagarajMotiram2017">{{cite book|author1=R. Nagaraj|author2=Sripad Motiram|title=Political Economy of Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfYRDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|date=28 February 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-16495-6|page=94|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217135126/https://books.google.com/books?id=cfYRDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|archive-date=17 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The agitation took inspiration from the [[Gurjjar agitation in Rajasthan|agitation by the Gujjar community]] in [[Rajasthan]], which ended in May 2015.<ref name="Umarji 2015">{{cite news | last=Umarji | first=Vinay | title=Vinay Umarji: The Patidar threat to BJP | newspaper=Business Standard Column | date=22 August 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/vinay-umarji-the-patidar-threat-to-bjp-115082200813_1.html | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823133748/http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/vinay-umarji-the-patidar-threat-to-bjp-115082200813_1.html | archive-date=23 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="gurjar2015">{{cite news | title=Agitation for reservation by Patel community puts BJP government in bind | newspaper=timesofindia-economictimes | date=5 August 2015 | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-05/news/65243677_1_obc-quota-bjp-government-congress-hand | access-date=2015-08-18 | archive-date=16 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016130011/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-05/news/65243677_1_obc-quota-bjp-government-congress-hand | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gujj2015">{{cite news | title=Gujjar agitation called off, Rajasthan govt agrees to quota in jobs | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=29 May 2015 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/govt-agrees-to-introduce-a-bill-ensuring-5-reservation-outside-50-limit/article1-1352416.aspx | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803083816/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/govt-agrees-to-introduce-a-bill-ensuring-5-reservation-outside-50-limit/article1-1352416.aspx | archive-date=3 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>


==Agitation in 2015==

===July===
In July 2015 Patidar youth, many of whom are surnamed [[Patel]], started public demonstrations across Gujarat, demanding OBC status for their community, which would entitle the Patidars to a reserved quota of places in government jobs and education.<ref name="s2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat CM Anandiben Patels' demand for OBC status: Govt forms 7-member panel | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=14 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gujarat-cm-anandiben-patel-appoints-high-level-committee-to-look-into-reservation-demands/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818213006/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/gujarat-cm-anandiben-patel-appoints-high-level-committee-to-look-into-reservation-demands/ | archive-date=18 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

They were supported by Sardar Patel Sevadal, an organisation for community service, and they formed the Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti (PAAS) for this purpose, headed by [[Hardik Patel]]. The organisation described itself as apolitical.<ref name="Hardik2015">{{cite news | title=Why are crowds in Gujarat lining up to listen to Hardik Patel, 21 | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=18 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/why-are-crowds-in-gujarat-lining-up-to-listen-to-hardik-patel-21/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818170653/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/why-are-crowds-in-gujarat-lining-up-to-listen-to-hardik-patel-21/ | archive-date=18 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Four major Patidar organisations denied any involvement in the agitation,<ref name="Hindi2015">{{cite news | title=Shock for Patidar reservation movement in Gujarat 438151 | newspaper=[[Nai Duniya]] | date=30 July 2015 | url=https://www.naidunia.com/state/gujarat-shock-for-patidar-reservation-movement-in-gujarat-438151 | language=hi | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801030926/http://naidunia.jagran.com/state/gujarat-shock-for-patidar-reservation-movement-in-gujarat-438151 | archive-date=1 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> though later the Khodaldham Trust offered to mediate between the youth and the government.<ref name="Dparty2015">{{cite web | title=Four top Patidar organizations say they are not linked to reservation agitation | website=DeshGujarat | date=30 July 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/07/30/four-major-patidar-org-say-they-dont-support-reservation-agitation/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121202024/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/07/30/four-major-patidar-org-say-they-dont-support-reservation-agitation/ | archive-date=21 November 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="khodal2015">{{cite news | title=Patel stir: Khodaldham Trust offers to mediate | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=13 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patel-stir-Khodaldham-Trust-offers-to-mediate/articleshow/48460202.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818031914/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patel-stir-Khodaldham-Trust-offers-to-mediate/articleshow/48460202.cms | archive-date=18 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The agitation started in [[Mehsana]] on 6 July 2015,<ref name="timesofindia-economictimes 2015">{{cite news | title=At 22 years, Hardik leads the Patel agitation for reservation in Gujarat | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=18 August 2015 | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-18/news/65530430_1_community-viramgam-reservation | access-date=2015-08-25 | archive-date=31 August 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831200652/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-18/news/65530430_1_community-viramgam-reservation | url-status=dead }}</ref> and a demonstration was held in [[Mansa, Gujarat|Mansa]] on 22 July.<ref name="mansa2015">{{cite news | last=Davel | first=Kapil | title=Patidars want OBC status | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=22 July 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidars-want-OBC-status/articleshow/48166345.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727071513/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidars-want-OBC-status/articleshow/48166345.cms | archive-date=27 July 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The demonstration in [[Visnagar]] on 23 July turned violent when some agitators torched some vehicles and vandalised the office of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] Rishikesh Patel.<ref name="vs2015">{{cite news | title=Violence in Mehsana at rally seeking quota for Patidars | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=24 July 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/violence-in-mehsana-at-rally-seeking-quota-for-patidars/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826233503/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/violence-in-mehsana-at-rally-seeking-quota-for-patidars/ | archive-date=26 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="web2015">{{cite web | title='All is not well' for Patidar Anamat Aandolan; no official permission of mega rally as yet, SPG leaders also allegedly peeved | website=WebIndia123 | date=18 August 2015 | url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20150818/2663084.html | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824084825/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20150818/2663084.html | archive-date=24 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Demonstrations were held in [[Vijapur]] and Mehsana on 28 July.<ref name="vs2015" /><ref name="vj2015">{{cite news | last=Davel | first=Kapil | title=Patels take out peaceful rally at Vijapur | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 July 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patels-take-out-peaceful-rally-at-Vijapur/articleshow/48259936.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829103417/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patels-take-out-peaceful-rally-at-Vijapur/articleshow/48259936.cms | archive-date=29 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="vijapur2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars' stir over OBC status: CM Anandiben Patel calls for unity, invokes Sardar Patel | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=2 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-stir-over-obc-status-cm-calls-for-unity-invokes-sardar-patel/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828235121/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-stir-over-obc-status-cm-calls-for-unity-invokes-sardar-patel/ | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The police booked 152 persons for violating prohibitory orders by holding the demonstration.<ref name="Umarji 2015" />
On 30 July there were demonstrations in [[Lunavada]].<ref name="lnwd2015">{{cite news | title=Lunawada Patidars too rally for OBC reservation | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=31 July 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Lunawada-Patidars-too-rally-for-OBC-reservation/articleshow/48294268.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | archive-date=8 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708165313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Lunawada-Patidars-too-rally-for-OBC-reservation/articleshow/48294268.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

===August===
Social media helped to spread the protest quickly across the state.<ref name="smedia2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar reservation: Social media spreading Sardar Patel movement like wild fire | newspaper=dna | date=22 August 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-reservation-social-media-spreading-sardar-patel-movement-like-wild-fire-2117056 | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824195045/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-reservation-social-media-spreading-sardar-patel-movement-like-wild-fire-2117056 | archive-date=24 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hball2015" /> Demonstrations were held in [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district]] on 1 August;<ref name="Indiaas2015">{{cite news | title=Demand for OBC status: Patidars' stir spreads to Saurashtra | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demand-for-obc-status-patidars-stir-spreads-to-saurashtra/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802021830/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demand-for-obc-status-patidars-stir-spreads-to-saurashtra/ | archive-date=2 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> in [[Gandhinagar]], [[Navsari]], [[Jam Jodhpur]] in Jamnagar district, [[Himmatnagar]] and [[Bagasara]] in Amreli district on 3 August;<ref name="g2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars take out rally in Rajkot, demand reservation for economically backward Patel families | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2015-08-05 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-take-out-rally-in-rajkot-demand-reservation-for-economically-backward-patel-families/ | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812014019/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-take-out-rally-in-rajkot-demand-reservation-for-economically-backward-patel-families/ | archive-date=12 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hmngr2015">{{cite news | agency=Press Trust of India | title=Gujarat's Patel community to hit the streets for OBC quota | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=2 August 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gujarat-s-patel-community-to-hit-the-streets-for-obc-quota-115080200679_1.html | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141610/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gujarat-s-patel-community-to-hit-the-streets-for-obc-quota-115080200679_1.html | archive-date=24 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="gngr2015">{{cite news | title=Agitation for OBC status: Patidars take out a silent march in capital to send the message across | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=4 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/agitation-for-obc-status-patidars-take-out-a-silent-march-in-capital-to-send-the-message-across/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805145347/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/agitation-for-obc-status-patidars-take-out-a-silent-march-in-capital-to-send-the-message-across/ | archive-date=5 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> in [[Rajkot]] on 5 August;<ref name="rjkt2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars take out rally in Rajkot, demand reservation for economically backward Patel families | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=5 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-take-out-rally-in-rajkot-demand-reservation-for-economically-backward-patel-families/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812014019/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-take-out-rally-in-rajkot-demand-reservation-for-economically-backward-patel-families/ | archive-date=12 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> in [[Amreli]] on 10 August;<ref name="amreli2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat: Patidars march on Amreli streets, threaten to fight for OBC status in Gandhinagar | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=10 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/gujarat-patidars-march-on-amreli-streets-threaten-to-fight-for-obc-status-in-gandhinagar/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816031102/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/gujarat-patidars-march-on-amreli-streets-threaten-to-fight-for-obc-status-in-gandhinagar/ | archive-date=16 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="NDTV2015">{{cite web | title=Patels Not Ready for Reservation Talks Without Written Invite from Gujarat | website=NDTV | date=8 August 2015 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/patels-not-ready-for-reservation-talks-without-written-invite-from-gujarat-1205257 | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820181043/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/patels-not-ready-for-reservation-talks-without-written-invite-from-gujarat-1205257 | archive-date=20 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> in [[Junagadh]] on 12 August;<ref name="jundg2015">{{cite web | title=Patel Anamat Aandolan leader issues ultimatum to govt | website=DeshGujarat | date=12 August 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/12/patel-anamat-aandolan-leader-issues-ultimatum-to-govt/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204603/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/12/patel-anamat-aandolan-leader-issues-ultimatum-to-govt/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and in [[Petlad]] on 17 August.<ref name="PTI 1977">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Gordhan Patel, Ex-VC of Amul Dairy dies of heart attack during Patel rally | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 February 1977 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gordhan-patel-ex-vc-of-amul-dairy-dies-of-heart-attack-during-patel-rally/articleshow/48518863.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906110838/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gordhan-patel-ex-vc-of-amul-dairy-dies-of-heart-attack-during-patel-rally/articleshow/48518863.cms | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The demonstration in [[Surat]] on 17 August drew crowds estimated at 100,000<ref name="web2015" /> to 450,000 people. The diamond and textile markets of the city remained closed, as did several schools and colleges.<ref name="surataa2015">{{cite news | title=Life in Surat hit as 4.5 lakh Patidars take out rally for OBC status, quota | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=18 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/life-in-surat-hit-as-4-5-lakh-patidars-take-out-rally-for-obc-status-quota/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820232634/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/life-in-surat-hit-as-4-5-lakh-patidars-take-out-rally-for-obc-status-quota/ | archive-date=20 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="DeshGujarata2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar outfits hold another pro-reservation rally, this time in Surat | website=DeshGujarat | date=17 August 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/17/patidar-outfits-hold-another-pro-reservation-rally-this-time-in-surat/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105859/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/17/patidar-outfits-hold-another-pro-reservation-rally-this-time-in-surat/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Demonstrations were held in [[Surendranagar]],<ref name="arg2015">{{cite news | title=Ahead of Patidar rally, Gujarat government puts forward legal and constitutional arguments | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=21 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/ahead-of-patidar-rally-the-gujarat-government-puts-forward-legal-and-constitutional-arguments/ | access-date=2015-08-21 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821190436/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/ahead-of-patidar-rally-the-gujarat-government-puts-forward-legal-and-constitutional-arguments/ | archive-date=21 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Bharuch]], [[Ankleshwar]] and [[Vadodara]] on 21 August.<ref name="nex2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Quota Row: Gujarat Mulls Scheme for General Category Students | newspaper=The New Indian Express | date=21 August 2015 | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Quota-Row-Gujarat-Mulls-Scheme-for-General-Category-Students/2015/08/21/article2986353.ece | access-date=2015-08-21 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116124227/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Quota-Row-Gujarat-Mulls-Scheme-for-General-Category-Students/2015/08/21/article2986353.ece | archive-date=16 November 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Tushar2015">{{cite news | last=Tere | first=Tushar | title=Massive Patidar rally today | newspaper=The Times of India | date=21 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Massive-Patidar-rally-today/articleshow/48583865.cms | access-date=2015-08-21 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906110838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Massive-Patidar-rally-today/articleshow/48583865.cms | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> PAAS itself organised 37 rallies by 25 August.<ref name="amjat2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Patels vow fresh agitation; Jats to follow suit | newspaper=Ahmedabad Mirror | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/news/india/Patels-vow-fresh-agitation-Jats-to-follow-suit/articleshow/48747356.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081401/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/news/india/Patels-vow-fresh-agitation-Jats-to-follow-suit/articleshow/48747356.cms | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 55 days, 149 rallies were organised by various organisations across the state.<ref name="arrestx2015">{{cite news | title=Patel vs Patel vs Patel | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-agitation-is-the-movement-disintegrating-under-electoral-politics/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903101909/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-agitation-is-the-movement-disintegrating-under-electoral-politics/ | archive-date=3 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

====25–31 August====
[[File:Patidar Reservation Agitation Rally Ahmedabad 25 August 2015.webm|thumb|Rally in Ahmedabad, 25 August 2015]]
The major demonstration, dubbed ''Kranti Rally'' (''Revolution Rally'')<ref name="hball2015">{{cite news | title=Stir over obc status: Govt proposes talks, Hardik Patel plays hard ball | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=23 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/stir-over-obc-status-govt-proposes-talks-hardik-patel-plays-hard-ball/ | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825223810/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/stir-over-obc-status-govt-proposes-talks-hardik-patel-plays-hard-ball/ | archive-date=25 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and held in Ahmedabad on 25 August at the GMDC grounds, was attended by over 500,000.<ref name="Langam2015">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=Patels hold massive rally demanding OBC status and reservation | newspaper=The Hindu | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/patels-hold-massive-rally-demanding-obc-status-and-reservation/article7578410.ece | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825180749/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/patels-hold-massive-rally-demanding-obc-status-and-reservation/article7578410.ece | archive-date=25 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The members of community formed a procession and presented the memorandum of their demands to the District Collector.<ref name="PTIa2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=At mega Patel rally for OBC quota, Hardik Patel warns BJP govt of 'consequences' | newspaper=The Financial Express | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/companies/at-mega-patel-mega-rally-for-obc-quota-demand-hardik-patel-warns-bjp-govt-of-consequences/125651/ | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829190329/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/companies/at-mega-patel-mega-rally-for-obc-quota-demand-hardik-patel-warns-bjp-govt-of-consequences/125651/ | archive-date=29 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Hardik Patel, who led the rally, declared he would go on a [[hunger strike]] with others, demanding the Chief Minister personally be present there to receive the memorandum.<ref name="hunger">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Gujarat government virtually turns down Patels hunger strike condition | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-government-virtually-turns-down-patels-hunger-strike-condition/articleshow/48673184.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | archive-date=12 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912065624/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-government-virtually-turns-down-patels-hunger-strike-condition/articleshow/48673184.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> He was arrested as he did not have permission to stay on the grounds after the rally, and later released. Those present on the grounds were dispersed by the police using force.<ref name="PTIclash" /><ref name="SShaikh 2015">{{cite news | last=Shaikh | first=Sarfaraz | title=Patel community leader Hardik detained after cops forcibly remove agitators | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patel-community-leader-Hardik-detained-after-cops-forcibly-remove-agitators/articleshow/48672303.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825172935/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patel-community-leader-Hardik-detained-after-cops-forcibly-remove-agitators/articleshow/48672303.cms | archive-date=25 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="India Todayx2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik Patel released after being detained, quota protest turns violent in Ahmedabad | newspaper=India Today | date=25 August 2015 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/gujarat/story/hardik-patel-released-after-being-detained-by-ahmedabad-police-290236-2015-08-25 | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828022315/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hardik-patel-released-after-being-detained-by-ahmedabad-police/1/460993.html | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> An inquiry was ordered to investigate the reason behind the police's use of force.<ref name="inq 2015">{{cite news | title=Guj CM expresses regret over cops crackdown at Patel's rally | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/guj-cm-expresses-regret-over-cops-crackdown-at-patel-s-rally-115082501598_1.html | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141602/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/guj-cm-expresses-regret-over-cops-crackdown-at-patel-s-rally-115082501598_1.html | archive-date=24 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Anandiben Patel]] and Rajanikant Patel, state leaders, both denied ordering or authorising the police charge on the crowd.<ref name=NYT83015>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Barstow|first2=Suhasini|last2=Raj|title=Caste Quotas in India Come Under Attack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/31/world/asia/caste-quotas-in-india-come-under-attack.html|access-date=2015-08-31|work=The New York Times|date=30 August 2015|quote=...he nor the chief minister gave an order to arrest Mr. Patel or break up the rally...|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901042054/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/31/world/asia/caste-quotas-in-india-come-under-attack.html|archive-date=1 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Incidents of violence and clashes were reported in Ahmedabad and other parts of the state. The police vehicles and local transport buses of [[Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service|AMTS]] and [[Janmarg|BRTS]] were set on fire. At least fifteen cases of clashes and arson were reported. The mob vandalised shops in the CTM area and the police fired eight teargas shells to disperse the mob. There were clashes between members of the [[Rabari]] caste and Patels in Ghatlodiya, where at least ten persons were injured. A large mob tried to damage railway tracks near [[Ranip]]. Many vehicles were damaged. Attacks on police and media personnel were reported. A curfew was imposed in the city under [[Section 144]]. [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] suffered damage worth {{INR}} 12 crore including torching of 33 buses of local transport.<ref name="amcdam2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar andolan: AMC suffers Rs 12 crore damages in public properties | website=DeshGujarat | date=30 August 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/08/30/patidar-andolan-amc-suffers-rs-12-crore-damages-in-public-properties/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083825/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/30/patidar-andolan-amc-suffers-rs-12-crore-damages-in-public-properties/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="PTIclash">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Patel community leader Hardik Patel released after brief detention by police | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/patel-community-leader-hardik-patel-released-after-brief-detention-by-police/articleshow/48673450.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828080556/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/patel-community-leader-hardik-patel-released-after-brief-detention-by-police/articleshow/48673450.cms | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ahk2015">{{cite web | title=Hardik Patel's Ahmedabad Takeover Followed by Violence, City is Tense | website=NDTV | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-patel-leader-hardik-patel-detained-in-ahmedabad-1210940 | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828013223/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-patel-leader-hardik-patel-detained-in-ahmedabad-1210940 | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Mishra 2015">{{cite news | last=Mishra | first=Archana | title=Hardik Patel's agitation puts Gujarat on the boil | work=Tehelka | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.tehelka.com/2015/08/hardik-patels-agitation-puts-gujarat-on-the-boil/ | access-date=2015-08-25 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906112336/http://www.tehelka.com/2015/08/hardik-patels-agitation-puts-gujarat-on-the-boil/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Service">{{cite news | first=Manas | last=Dasgupta | title=Gujarat tense as Patels' rally for reservation turns violent | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/gujarat-tense-as-patels-rally-for-reservation-turns-violent/124520.html | newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826123607/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/gujarat-tense-as-patels-rally-for-reservation-turns-violent/124520.html | archive-date=26 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> At least seven ward offices and civic centres were vandalised.<ref name="xx2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat violence claims 9 lives, state govt seeks Army help | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarat-violence-claims-9-lives-state-govt-seeks-Army-help/articleshow/48690169.cms | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830085413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarat-violence-claims-9-lives-state-govt-seeks-Army-help/articleshow/48690169.cms | archive-date=30 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Five companies of the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian Army]] were deployed in the city to control the situation.<ref name="norv2015"/>

In Surat, the curfew was imposed from 25 to 27 August in the city as the mob torched buses, two ATMs, van, Fire Station and damaged some properties.<ref name="b2015">{{cite news | title=Ahmedabad: Patel community protesters set van, buses on fire; Section 144 imposed in Surat | newspaper=dna | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-community-protestors-set-van-buses-on-fire-in-ahmedabad-and-surat-2118492 | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826004103/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-community-protestors-set-van-buses-on-fire-in-ahmedabad-and-surat-2118492 | archive-date=26 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Worlds2015">{{cite news | title=Quota violence: Two ATMs burnt, Rs 48 lakh turned to ashes | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=8 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/quota-violence-two-atms-burnt-rs-48-lakh-turned-to-ashes/ | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921200742/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/quota-violence-two-atms-burnt-rs-48-lakh-turned-to-ashes/ | archive-date=21 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Over 120 people were arrested or detained.<ref name="Worlds2015"/> Violence was also reported in Vadodara. [[Ahmedabad Vadodara Expressway]] was blocked by agitators for hours.<ref name="vvvv2015">{{cite news | title=Mobile services shut in Vadodara, curfew imposed as Patel community protest turns violent | newspaper=dna | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/live-mobile-services-shut-in-vadodara-curfew-imposed-as-patel-community-protest-turns-violent-2118507 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150828014251/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/live-mobile-services-shut-in-vadodara-curfew-imposed-as-patel-community-protest-turns-violent-2118507 |archive-date=28 August 2015 |url-status=live| access-date=2016-08-06}}</ref> A total of 1554 bus trips were cancelled by the Vadodara division of [[GSRTC]] when six buses were damaged.<ref name="gsrt2015">{{cite news | title=Patel agitation for OBC quota: GSRTC cancels 1,554 bus trips | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Patel-agitation-for-OBC-quota-GSRTC-cancels-1554-bus-trips/articleshow/48691139.cms | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831030754/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Patel-agitation-for-OBC-quota-GSRTC-cancels-1554-bus-trips/articleshow/48691139.cms | archive-date=31 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In Rajkot, [[Rajkot BRTS|BRTS]] bus stations were torched and stones thrown; damage to public and private property was estimated at {{INR}} 1.47 crore. The mob ransacked two offices of Union Minister of State for Agriculture and local MP [[Mohan Kundariya]]; police fired 10 rounds in the air and lobbed 57 shells of teargas to disperse mobs. Twelve policemen were injured. The police filed 18 [[First Information Report|FIRs]] related to incidents. A curfew was imposed for 48 hours on 26 August.<ref name="death2015"/><ref name="rjkfir2015">{{cite news | title=No hasty arrest in last week's violence cases: Rajkot top cop | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/no-hasty-arrest-in-last-weeks-violence-cases-rajkot-top-cop/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903125709/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/no-hasty-arrest-in-last-weeks-violence-cases-rajkot-top-cop/ | archive-date=3 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="TNNg2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar stir: 18 FIRs filed over last week's violence | newspaper=The Times of India | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-stir-18-FIRs-filed-over-last-weeks-violence/articleshow/48785154.cms | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906110838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-stir-18-FIRs-filed-over-last-weeks-violence/articleshow/48785154.cms | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Curfew was also imposed in parts of [[Mehsana district]] including Mehsana, Visnagar and [[Unjha]] after a mob stoned and torched the house of minister Rajni Patel, Home minister Nitin Patel, and BJP [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Jayshree Patel. The district police lodged 25 FIRs and 13 cases over various instances of violence and rioting, and 36 persons were identified. At least 22 people were arrested in the cases; three of them were released on bail.<ref name="msnfir2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar rampage: 25 FIR,13 major cases,36 identified,19 in prisons in Mahesana | website=DeshGujarat | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/03/patidar-rampage-in-mahesana-25-fir13-major-cases36-identified19-in-prisons/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926142654/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/09/03/patidar-rampage-in-mahesana-25-fir13-major-cases36-identified19-in-prisons/ | archive-date=26 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Vandalism was also reported from [[Morbi]] and [[Amreli]]. A curfew was also imposed in Patan for two days.<ref name="msngherao2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar protest: More than thousand women gherao police station, demand release of arrested men | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-protest-more-than-thousand-women-gherao-police-station-demand-release-of-arrested-men/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926035633/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-protest-more-than-thousand-women-gherao-police-station-demand-release-of-arrested-men/ | archive-date=26 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="blog2015">{{cite news | title=Patel agitation for quota in Gujarat | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/patel-agitation-for-quota-in-gujarat/liveblog/48674416.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906110838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/patel-agitation-for-quota-in-gujarat/liveblog/48674416.cms | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="vio2015">{{cite news | title=Patel OBC quota protest turns violent; Gujarat Home Minister Rajni Patel's house torched | newspaper=dna | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-obc-quota-protest-turns-violent-gujarat-home-minister-rajni-patel-s-house-torched-2118504 | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826004054/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-obc-quota-protest-turns-violent-gujarat-home-minister-rajni-patel-s-house-torched-2118504 | archive-date=26 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

3500 paramilitary force personnel and 93 companies of the state reserve police were deployed.<ref name="xx2015"/> Ten people died in the violence: five in Ahmedabad, a police constable in Surat, three in [[Banaskantha district]], and one in Patan district.<ref name="death2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Patidar agitation: Uneasy calm in violence-hit Gujarat, death toll rises to 10 | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-agitation-Uneasy-calm-in-violence-hit-Gujarat-death-toll-rises-to-10/articleshow/48699151.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830142546/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-agitation-Uneasy-calm-in-violence-hit-Gujarat-death-toll-rises-to-10/articleshow/48699151.cms | archive-date=30 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> A youth died in police custody in Bapunagar, Ahmedabad.<ref name="sKhan 2015">{{cite news | last=Khan | first=Saeed | title=Patidar reservation stir: HC orders CID to probe custodial death | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-reservation-stir-HC-orders-CID-to-probe-custodial-death/articleshow/48708823.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831020259/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-reservation-stir-HC-orders-CID-to-probe-custodial-death/articleshow/48708823.cms | archive-date=31 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Across the state, 295 FIRs were filed and 650 people arrested.<ref name="arrestx2015"/> Schools and colleges across the state were kept closed from 26 to 30 August. Internet service on mobile phones and certain broadband newspapers, like [[WhatsApp]] and [[Facebook]], were blocked across the state for six days, 26–31 August. The internet block was continued in Ahmedabad and Surat.<ref name="Businessv2015">{{cite news | title=Internet services restored in Ahmedabad at midnight | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/internet-services-to-be-restored-in-ahmedabad-at-midnight/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902235455/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/internet-services-to-be-restored-in-ahmedabad-at-midnight/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> According to Western Railways, the tracks were damaged at eight places by mobs, resulting in cancellation of 51 trains. The operation of 26 trains were affected, while 15 trains were diverted out of the state.<ref name="death2015"/><ref name="xx2015"/> About 340 police cases were registered across the state including 40 cases registered in Ahmedabad; 230 of these were registered on behalf of the government.<ref name="case2015">{{cite news | title=Total of 340 cases registered in violence after Patidar rally across the state | newspaper=The Times of India | date=16 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Total-of-340-cases-registered-in-violence-after-Patidar-rally-across-the-state/articleshow/48983796.cms | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504073920/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Total-of-340-cases-registered-in-violence-after-Patidar-rally-across-the-state/articleshow/48983796.cms | archive-date=4 May 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Police department suffered damage of {{INR}} 200 crore.<ref name="plc2015">{{cite news | title=Anandiben Patel hits out at Patidar quota agitators, invokes caste riots of past | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=18 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/anandiben-patel-hits-out-at-patidar-quota-agitators-invokes-caste-riots-of-past/ | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921235532/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/anandiben-patel-hits-out-at-patidar-quota-agitators-invokes-caste-riots-of-past/ | archive-date=21 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 26 August, agitators called for a one-day statewide shutdown.<ref name="bandh">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Hardik Patel calls for 'Gujarat bandh', urges protesters to maintain peace | newspaper=The Times of India | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hardik-Patel-calls-for-Gujarat-bandh-urges-protesters-to-maintain-peace/articleshow/48675245.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828233326/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hardik-Patel-calls-for-Gujarat-bandh-urges-protesters-to-maintain-peace/articleshow/48675245.cms | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The state returned to normalcy by 28 August.<ref name="norv2015">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/patel-quota-stir-gujarat-limps-back-to-normalcy-115082900354_1.html|title=Patel quota stir: Gujarat limps back to normalcy|date=29 August 2015|newspaper=Business Standard News|access-date=2015-09-03|agency=Press Trust of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830124429/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/patel-quota-stir-gujarat-limps-back-to-normalcy-115082900354_1.html|archive-date=30 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hardik Patel declared the intention of expanding the agitation to the other states of India.<ref name="Firstp2015">{{cite news | title=Will take quota agitation to national level: Hardik Patel at press conference | newspaper=Firstpost | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/will-take-quota-agitation-to-national-level-hardik-patel-at-press-conference-2413862.html | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831073334/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/will-take-quota-agitation-to-national-level-hardik-patel-at-press-conference-2413862.html | archive-date=31 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> As he received support from various [[Jat]], [[Kurmi]] and [[Gujjar]] community organisations, he declared campaign for petitions to be sent to the Prime Minister.<ref name="jtkurmi2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar agitation: Hardik Patel says 27 crore Gujjar, Kurmi signatures campaign next step to press OBC demand | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-agitation-hardik-patel-says-signature-campaign-next-step-to-press-obc-demand/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902211359/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-agitation-hardik-patel-says-signature-campaign-next-step-to-press-obc-demand/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Rallies were organised in [[Karamsad]] and in [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], on 31 August but did not attract great support.<ref name="mp12015">{{cite news | title=Patidar rally in MP: Poor response, no worries for BJP govt | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-rally-in-mp-poor-response-no-worries-for-bjp-govt/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902221219/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-rally-in-mp-poor-response-no-worries-for-bjp-govt/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="krmsd2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar agitation:Lukewarm response for hunger strike in Karamsad | newspaper=The Times of India | date=31 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Patidar-agitationLukewarm-response-for-hunger-strike-in-Karamsad/articleshow/48738441.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130131027/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Patidar-agitationLukewarm-response-for-hunger-strike-in-Karamsad/articleshow/48738441.cms | archive-date=30 November 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

According to PAAS, a total of 457 FIRs were filed against 1482 Patidars across Gujarat in the three days after 25 August rally.<ref name="Joharix2016">{{cite web | last=Johari | first=Aarefa | title=Six months after Hardik Patel's reservation rally, more than 1,300 Patidars face criminal cases | website=Scroll.in | date=25 February 2016 | url=http://scroll.in/article/804105/six-months-after-hardik-patels-reservation-rally-more-than-1300-patidars-face-criminal-cases | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426194354/http://scroll.in/article/804105/six-months-after-hardik-patels-reservation-rally-more-than-1300-patidars-face-criminal-cases | archive-date=26 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===September===
The internet block was lifted in Ahmedabad and Surat on 1 September.<ref name="Indcx2015">{{cite news | title=Mobile internet ban ends; Ahmedabad, Surat last out | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/mobile-internet-ban-ends-ahmedabad-surat-last-out/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903193239/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/mobile-internet-ban-ends-ahmedabad-surat-last-out/ | archive-date=3 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> PAAS announced that they will organise a march on the reverse route, from [[Dandi, Navsari|Dandi]] to Ahmedabad, of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s historic [[Salt March]] in 1930.<ref name="dnal2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik Patel announces reverse Dandi March, tentatively from Sunday | newspaper=dna | date=2 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hardik-patel-announces-reverse-dandi-march-tentatively-from-sunday-2121011 | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904215158/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hardik-patel-announces-reverse-dandi-march-tentatively-from-sunday-2121011 | archive-date=4 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hf2015">{{cite news | last=India | first=HuffPost | title=Hardik Patel Plans A Dandi March In Reverse | newspaper=The Huffington Post | date=1 September 2015 | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/09/01/hardik-patel-_n_8071562.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902191621/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/09/01/hardik-patel-_n_8071562.html | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Sarpanch|head]]s of 33 village nearby Dandi opposed the march.<ref name="Dndopp2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik burnt in effigy in Ahmedabad, Sarpanchs in Dandi oppose his yatra plan | website=DeshGujarat | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/03/hardik-patel-burnt-in-effigy-in-ahmedabad-sarpanchs-in-dandi-oppose-his-yatra/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926062242/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/09/03/hardik-patel-burnt-in-effigy-in-ahmedabad-sarpanchs-in-dandi-oppose-his-yatra/ | archive-date=26 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[District collector|collector]] for [[Navsari district]] denied permission for the march.<ref name="Firn2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar quota agitation: Hardik Patel remains defiant as Gujarat govt denies nod to 'reverse Dandi march' | newspaper=Firstpost | date=5 September 2015 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/patidar-quota-agitation-hardik-patel-remains-defiant-as-gujarat-govt-denies-nod-to-reverse-dandi-march-2422702.html | access-date=2015-09-07 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907233822/http://www.firstpost.com/india/patidar-quota-agitation-hardik-patel-remains-defiant-as-gujarat-govt-denies-nod-to-reverse-dandi-march-2422702.html | archive-date=7 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The march was rescheduled to 13 September<ref name="ANIg2015">{{cite news | agency=ANI | title=Quota row: Patidar protestors to conduct rally on September 13 in Gujarat after 'march restriction' | newspaper=The Financial Express | date=6 September 2015 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/miscellaneous/quota-row-patidar-protestors-to-conduct-rally-on-september-13-in-gujarat-after-march-restriction/131166/ | access-date=2015-09-07 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907092014/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/miscellaneous/quota-row-patidar-protestors-to-conduct-rally-on-september-13-in-gujarat-after-march-restriction/131166/ | archive-date=7 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> but the government denied permission, and PAAS called the march off.<ref>{{cite news | title=Gujarat govt denies permission for 'reverse Dandi march'; Hardik Patel defiant | newspaper=dna | date=5 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-gujarat-govt-denies-permission-for-reverse-dandi-march-hardik-patel-defiant-2122302 | access-date=16 February 2017 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217122352/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-gujarat-govt-denies-permission-for-reverse-dandi-march-hardik-patel-defiant-2122302 | archive-date=17 February 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti spokesperson Nikhil Savani <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/latest/912326/hardik-patel-says-he-will-contest-upcoming-lok-sabha-elections |title=2019 Lok Sabha polls: Patidar Andolan leader Hardik Patel to contest elections |date=7 February 2019 |access-date=16 April 2021 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416090223/https://amp.scroll.in/latest/912326/hardik-patel-says-he-will-contest-upcoming-lok-sabha-elections |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 9 September Patel announced a new organisation, Patel Navnirman Sena (PNS), for nationwide extension of the agitation.<ref name="pnsa2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik Patel launches Patel Navnirman Sena, announces major stir across India | newspaper=dna | date=9 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hardik-patel-unveils-launches-patel-navnirman-sena-announces-major-stir-across-india-2123298 | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910182242/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hardik-patel-unveils-launches-patel-navnirman-sena-announces-major-stir-across-india-2123298 | archive-date=10 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Patel met former Chief Minister [[Keshubhai Patel]] prior to a meeting<ref name="xvb2015">{{cite news | title=Before CM Anandiben, Hardik Patel met Keshubhai | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/paridar-protests-paas-convener-hardik-patel-meets-keshubhai-patel/ | access-date=2015-09-14 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914232820/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/paridar-protests-paas-convener-hardik-patel-meets-keshubhai-patel/ | archive-date=14 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> with government members on 14 September. 20 Patidar representatives led by Hardik Patel and Lalji Patel the meeting, which was chaired by the Chief Minister and attended by cabinet ministers. The issues discussed included the police action on 25 August, scholarship schemes for general category students, compensation to people died in violence, and release of arrested people.<ref name="DeshGujaratkk2015">{{cite web | title=Govt briefing on CM's meeting with Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti | website=DeshGujarat | date=14 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/14/govt-briefing-on-cms-meeting-with-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti/ | access-date=2015-09-14 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061655/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/09/14/govt-briefing-on-cms-meeting-with-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Business Standardi2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat govt seeks 10 days to respond to Patels demands | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=28 July 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gujarat-govt-seeks-10-days-to-respond-to-patels-demands-115091401340_1.html | access-date=2015-09-14 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915034011/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gujarat-govt-seeks-10-days-to-respond-to-patels-demands-115091401340_1.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In a symbolic boycott, Patidars withdrew large amounts of cash from Kherol and Vadrad branches of Sabarkantha District Central Cooperative Bank of [[Sabarkantha district]].<ref name="bankl2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars rush to crowd-fund stir, banks run out of cash | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=17 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-rush-to-crowd-fund-stir-banks-run-out-of-cash/ | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917192330/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidars-rush-to-crowd-fund-stir-banks-run-out-of-cash/ | archive-date=17 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Pathak 2015">{{cite news | last=Pathak | first=Vaibhavi | title=Emptying Bank Accounts: A new sign of Patidar Protest | newspaper=NewsX | date=16 September 2015 | url=http://www.newsx.com/national/10763-emptying-bank-accounts-a-new-sign-of-patidar-protest | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919035935/http://www.newsx.com/national/10763-emptying-bank-accounts-a-new-sign-of-patidar-protest | archive-date=19 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Hardik Patel announced that they would organise rallies in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] in October 2015, a month before the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar state legislative assembly election]] .<ref name="biharb">{{cite news | title=Hardik Patel threatens to 'spoil game' in poll-bound Bihar; will hold 4 rallies | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 February 1977 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/hardik-patel-threatens-to-spoil-game-in-poll-bound-bihar-will-hold-4-rallies/articleshow/49013688.cms | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921005533/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/hardik-patel-threatens-to-spoil-game-in-poll-bound-bihar-will-hold-4-rallies/articleshow/49013688.cms | archive-date=21 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="dnampv2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar quota row: Hardik to be feted at Patels' rally in Madhya Pradesh next month | newspaper=dna | date=16 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-quota-row-hardik-to-be-feted-at-patels-rally-in-madhya-pradesh-next-month-2125833 | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918002647/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-quota-row-hardik-to-be-feted-at-patels-rally-in-madhya-pradesh-next-month-2125833 | archive-date=18 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 19 September police detained Hardik Patel and 35 of his supporters from the Varachha area of Surat for trying to hold the ''Ekta Yatra'' (Unity March) rally without receiving prior permission from authorities. They were booked under section 188 of the [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]] for defying police notification, and two FIRs were filed against them. They were released on bail later.<ref name="FIRc2015">{{cite news | title=FIR filed against Hardik Patel, 35 others in Surat : India, News | newspaper=India Today | date=19 September 2015 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/fir-against-hardik-patel-35-others-in-surat-263814-2015-09-19 | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920204659/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/fir-against-hardik-patel-35-others-in-surat/1/477920.html | archive-date=20 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Dhaka Tribune 2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat caste protest leader detention followed by violence | newspaper=Dhaka Tribune | date=19 September 2015 | url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/2015/sep/20/gujarat-caste-protest-leader-detention-followed-violence | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094306/http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/2015/sep/20/gujarat-caste-protest-leader-detention-followed-violence | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> There were some incidents of protests, arson, property damage and road blocks in several cities and towns, including Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Vadodara, Morbi, [[Navsari]], [[Botad]], Visnagar, Mehsana and [[Jamnagar]].<ref name="xfg2015">{{cite web | title=Barring few Patel populated pockets, Gujarat uneventful after Hardik's detention | website=DeshGujarat | date=19 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/19/barring-patel-populated-pockets-gujarat-uneventful-after-hardiks-detention/ | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925093352/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/09/19/barring-patel-populated-pockets-gujarat-uneventful-after-hardiks-detention/ | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> A Patidar mob clashed with a Rabari community in the Rabari Colony area of Ahmedabad. In Surat and Morbi, two GSRTC buses were damaged. In several places police used teargas and caning to disperse mobs. The internet on mobile phones, social media and SMS service was blocked again for 24 hours in several parts of the state, including Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, Vadodara and Rajkot.<ref name="bangngr2015">{{cite news | title=Internet ban lifted in Gandhinagar, Vadodara | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=21 September 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/internet-ban-lifted-in-gandhinagar-vadodara-115092000447_1.html | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151840/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/internet-ban-lifted-in-gandhinagar-vadodara-115092000447_1.html | archive-date=23 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Twelve companies each of the [[Border Security Force|BSF]] and [[Rapid Action Force|RAF]] were deployed to control the violence.<ref name="19sepp2011">{{cite news | title=Hardik Patel held in Surat ahead of march, protests across Gujarat | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=6 June 2011 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/paas-convener-hardik-patel-arrested-in-surat/ | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921001757/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/paas-convener-hardik-patel-arrested-in-surat/ | archive-date=21 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 19 September, police in Mehsana arrested 35 protesters and lodged a complaint against them.<ref>{{cite news | title=Patidar leader to sit on 24-hour hunger strike in Mehsana today | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=23 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidar-leader-to-sit-on-24-hour-hunger-strike-in-mehsana-today/ | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051632/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidar-leader-to-sit-on-24-hour-hunger-strike-in-mehsana-today/ | archive-date=24 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 22 September at least 20 Patidar leaders were arrested and FIR filed against them when they held a meeting without police permission in Tenpur village of Bayad Taluka, [[Aravalli district]].<ref>{{cite news | title=22 Patidars arrested in Aravalli get bail | newspaper=The Times of India | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/22-Patidars-arrested-in-Aravalli-get-bail/articleshow/49085614.cms | access-date=2015-09-24 | archive-date=18 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918191331/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/22-Patidars-arrested-in-Aravalli-get-bail/articleshow/49085614.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="tib2015">{{cite news | title=High Court ticks off Hardik over his 'abduction claim' | newspaper=Tribune | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/high-court-ticks-off-hardik-over-his-abduction-claim/137298.html | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925120704/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/high-court-ticks-off-hardik-over-his-abduction-claim/137298.html | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Hardik Patel briefly disappeared from the meeting and appeared the next day.<ref name="Langannnn2015">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=Hardik Patel surfaces after disappearance; key aide Nilesh Patel arrested | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 September 2015 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hardiks-key-aide-nilesh-patel-arrested-slapped-with-sedition-charges/article7680722.ece | access-date=2015-09-24 | archive-date=8 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108143212/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hardiks-key-aide-nilesh-patel-arrested-slapped-with-sedition-charges/article7680722.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> The High Court termed the disappearance as a 'publicity stunt' and warned about [[contempt of court]].<ref name="tib2015"/> On 23 September PAAS leader Nilesh Advadiya was booked under sedition charges.<ref name="Langannnn2015"/>

{{anchor|lollipop}}On 24 September, Gujarat Chief Minister announced the ''Mukhyamantri Yuva Swavlamban Yojna'' (Chief Minister's Youth Self-Reliance Scheme), a scheme for offering scholarships and subsidies to general category students in higher education, and uniforms and free books in school education. In higher education, the scheme is offered to students in the 90th percentile or higher in the board examinations and to students whose parents earn less than {{INR}}4.5 lakh per year. She also offered age relaxation of five years in government jobs.<ref name="DBS2015">{{cite news | title=ગરીબ સવર્ણો માટે 1000 કરોડનું પેકેજઃ નોકરીમાં 5 વર્ષની છૂટછાટ; પેકેજને હાર્દિકે ગણાવ્યું 'લોલીપોપ' | newspaper=www.divyabhaskar.co.in | date=23 September 2015 | url=http://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news-fb/MGUJ-AHM-c-69-1200628-NOR.html?seq=2 | language=gu | access-date=2015-09-24 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The government also announced its intention to increase intake in medical and engineering education, and infrastructure such as student hostels. The scheme is expected to cost the exchequer {{INR}}1,000 crore per year.<ref name="Langankk2015">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=The Anandiben government in Gujarat announces Rs. 1,000 crore package for students | newspaper=The Hindu | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-anandiben-government-in-gujarat-announces-rs-1000-crore-package-for-students/article7686033.ece | access-date=2015-09-24 | archive-date=19 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919150231/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/the-anandiben-government-in-gujarat-announces-rs-1000-crore-package-for-students/article7686033.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> The Patidar community in the US initially planned to hold large protests in [[New York City|New York]] during the visit of Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], but later called them off, except for some people who protested at [[United Nations]] headquarters and in [[California]].<ref name="pack2">{{cite web | title=In Gujarat, a Rs 1000 Crore Package for Bright Students, Caste no Bar | website=NDTV.com | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-gujarat-a-rs-1000-crore-package-for-bright-students-caste-no-bar-1222576 | access-date=24 September 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103851/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-gujarat-a-rs-1000-crore-package-for-bright-students-caste-no-bar-1222576 | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Bhan 2015">{{cite web | last=Bhan | first=Swati | title=With PM Modi in US, Gujarat placates Patels with Rs 1,000 cr package for 'weaker sections' | website=Firstpost | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/with-pm-modi-in-us-gujarat-placates-patels-with-rs-1000-cr-package-for-weaker-sections-2444910.html | access-date=24 September 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925162743/http://www.firstpost.com/india/with-pm-modi-in-us-gujarat-placates-patels-with-rs-1000-cr-package-for-weaker-sections-2444910.html | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="nyork2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik echo in US, Patel groups prepare to target PM Narendra Modi visit | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=17 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/hardik-echo-in-us-patel-groups-prepare-to-target-pm-narendra-modi-visit/ | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925092058/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/hardik-echo-in-us-patel-groups-prepare-to-target-pm-narendra-modi-visit/ | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ux2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars hold thali-belan protests in US | newspaper=The Times of India | date=22 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Patidars-hold-thali-belan-protests-in-US/articleshow/49053368.cms | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923150247/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/Patidars-hold-thali-belan-protests-in-US/articleshow/49053368.cms | archive-date=23 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2015">{{cite news | title=Why some Patels will protest against Modi in US | newspaper=BBC News | date=24 September 2015 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-34344533 | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926014918/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-34344533 | archive-date=26 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Slg2015">{{cite news | title=Protest greets Modi outside UN HQ | newspaper=The Shillong Times | date=27 September 2015 | url=http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2015/09/27/protest-greets-modi-outside-un-hq/ | access-date=2015-09-28 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929140809/http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2015/09/27/protest-greets-modi-outside-un-hq/ | archive-date=29 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Hardik Patel called the scheme as a "[[lollipop]]" and said it does not meet their demands, and launched a "lollipop movement" in which lollipops were distributed to community members across the state.<ref name="lol2015">{{cite news | title=Patel quota row: Hardik Patel announces 'lollipop movement' against Gujarat government | newspaper=dna | date=25 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-quota-row-hardik-patel-announces-lollipop-movement-against-gujarat-government-2128742 | access-date=2015-09-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926125340/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-quota-row-hardik-patel-announces-lollipop-movement-against-gujarat-government-2128742 | archive-date=26 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 26 September activist Umesh Patel from Rajkot committed suicide in support of the agitation;<ref name=u15>{{cite news | title=Rajkot man commits suicide in support of Patidar agitation | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=26 September 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/rajkot-man-commits-suicide-in-support-of-patidar-agitation-115092700002_1.html | access-date=2015-09-28 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927233703/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/rajkot-man-commits-suicide-in-support-of-patidar-agitation-115092700002_1.html | archive-date=27 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> the state Government ordered the inquiry in the case.<ref name="casec15">{{cite web | title=Govt orders inquiry into suicide of Patel youth | website=Web India | date=27 September 2015 | url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20150927/2688049.html | access-date=2015-09-28 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930072258/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20150927/2688049.html | archive-date=30 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Sardar Patel Seva Charitable Trust, a Patidar doctors' group from Gujarat and abroad, announced financial help of Rs 1 crore to kin of each person who died in the agitation.<ref name="VParmar 2015">{{cite news | last=Parmar | first=Vijaysinh | title=Patidar doctors' forum announces Rs 1crore to kin of quota stir victims | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-doctors-forum-announces-Rs-1crore-to-kin-of-quota-stir-victims/articleshow/49128378.cms | access-date=2015-09-28 | archive-date=18 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918191240/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-doctors-forum-announces-Rs-1crore-to-kin-of-quota-stir-victims/articleshow/49128378.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> Umiya Mata Sansthan, a major organisation of the community, announced their support to the agitation on 28 September.<ref name="umiya2015">{{cite news | title=Umiya Campus wants EBC status, quota for Patidars | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Umiya-Campus-wants-EBC-status-quota-for-Patidars/articleshow/49137136.cms | access-date=2015-09-28 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430150809/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Umiya-Campus-wants-EBC-status-quota-for-Patidars/articleshow/49137136.cms | archive-date=30 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Nine protestors arrested in Himatnagar for holding protest fasts on 4 September were later released on bail.<ref name="hrarrest2015">{{cite news | title=Nine Patidar protestors held, released on bail | newspaper=The Times of India | date=2 October 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Nine-Patidar-protestors-held-released-on-bail/articleshow/49193610.cms | access-date=2015-10-03 | archive-date=23 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123080907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Nine-Patidar-protestors-held-released-on-bail/articleshow/49193610.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

===October===
On 1 October the [[Indian National Congress]] Party announced its support for the agitation.<ref name="Inc2015"/> Hardik Patel addressed peasants and farmers at Maha Kisan Panchayat.<ref name="dnakisan2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar quota stir leader Hardik Patel attempts to woo farmers | newspaper=dna | date=2015-10-02 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-quota-stir-leader-hardik-patel-attempts-to-woo-farmers-2131066 | access-date=2015-10-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007034352/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patidar-quota-stir-leader-hardik-patel-attempts-to-woo-farmers-2131066 | archive-date=7 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> More people were arrested in cases related to the riots, and two policemen were suspended in the case of custodial death of a youth on 25 August.<ref name="arr2015">{{cite news | title=Counter move: Patidar complaint against son of cop, 20 others for violence | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=15 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/counter-move-patidar-complaint-against-son-of-cop-20-others-for-violence/ | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015180928/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/counter-move-patidar-complaint-against-son-of-cop-20-others-for-violence/ | archive-date=15 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Some Patidar community members protested the presence of politicians at [[Garba (dance)|Garba]] venues during the [[Navratri]] festival in October.<ref name="suratgarba2015">{{cite news | title=Garba in Surat: BJP MP, MLA forced to leave venue after Patidars protest | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=16 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/garba-in-surat-bjp-mp-mla-forced-to-leave-venue-after-patidars-protest/ | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016183055/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/garba-in-surat-bjp-mp-mla-forced-to-leave-venue-after-patidars-protest/ | archive-date=16 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> They also protested at functions attended by politicians.<ref name="bjpp2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars protest against Surat councillors, 3 booked | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=18 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-protest-against-surat-councillors-3-booked/ | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019224354/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-protest-against-surat-councillors-3-booked/ | archive-date=19 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Desaij2015">{{cite news | last=Desai | first=Darshan | title=How Gujarat government stole the thunder from Hardik Patel | newspaper=Scroll.in | date=16 October 2015 | url=http://scroll.in/article/757732/how-gujarat-government-stole-the-thunder-from-hardik-patel | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016081155/http://scroll.in/article/757732/how-gujarat-government-stole-the-thunder-from-hardik-patel | archive-date=16 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In many places across the state women of the Patidar community clanked {{transliteration|gu|belans}} (rolling pins) against ''thalis'' (steel plates) as a sign of protest.<ref name="Vora 2015">{{cite news | last=Vora | first=Rutam | title=Up in arms, thalis and belans | newspaper=The Hindu Business Line | date=25 September 2015 | url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/up-in-arms-thalis-and-belans/article7685634.ece | access-date=2015-10-18 | archive-date=10 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034205/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/know/up-in-arms-thalis-and-belans/article7685634.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

Hardik Patel threatened to stage a protest at the [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]] and to block the way of cricket players at the third one-day international cricket match between India and South Africa in Rajkot on 18 October 2015. More than 8000 police personnel were deployed in the city, while 2500 police and 500 private security personnel were deployed in the stadium.<ref name="Mirrorodi2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik's detention sparks violence | newspaper=Ahmedabad Mirror | date=19 October 2015 | url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Hardiks-detention-sparks-violence/articleshow/49444092.cms | access-date=2015-10-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021000916/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Hardiks-detention-sparks-violence/articleshow/49444092.cms | archive-date=21 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Internet services were blocked from the night of 17 October to the morning of 19 October.<ref name="odia2015">{{cite web | title=As Hardik Warns Of Protest At Rajkot Match, Stadium Fortified, Mobile Internet Blocked | website=NDTV | date=18 October 2015 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/as-hardik-patel-threatens-to-disrupt-match-mobile-internet-blocked-in-rajkot-stadium-fortified-1233463 | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019080232/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/as-hardik-patel-threatens-to-disrupt-match-mobile-internet-blocked-in-rajkot-stadium-fortified-1233463 | archive-date=19 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Hardik Patel was arrested along with six others on the day.<ref name="patelodi2015">{{cite news | title=Police arrests Hardik patel, 6 other | newspaper=The News Tribe | date=18 October 2015 | url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2015/10/18/police-arrests-hardik-patel-6-other/ | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=usurped | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019115222/http://www.thenewstribe.com/2015/10/18/police-arrests-hardik-patel-6-other/ | archive-date=19 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Singhodi2015">{{cite news | last=Singh | first=Neha | title=India vs South Africa 3rd ODI: Hardik Patel detained while protesting outside Rajkot stadium | newspaper=International Business Times, India Edition | date=18 October 2015 | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/rajkot-security-tightened-mobile-internet-services-blocked-3rd-odi-faces-threat-by-patels-651005 | access-date=2015-10-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019120120/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/rajkot-security-tightened-mobile-internet-services-blocked-3rd-odi-faces-threat-by-patels-651005 | archive-date=19 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> There were protests against Hardik's detention in Surat and [[Bardoli]], and a GSRTC bus was set on fire in [[Morbi]];<ref name="Mirrorodi2015"/> four people were arrested from Morbi and one from Tankara for attacking the bus. There were rallies in protest of the arrests.<ref name="tankara2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars take out rally in Tankara over youths' arrest | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 October 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidars-take-out-rally-in-Tankara-over-youths-arrest/articleshow/49563934.cms | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029141659/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidars-take-out-rally-in-Tankara-over-youths-arrest/articleshow/49563934.cms | archive-date=29 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="morb2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar stir: 3 held in Morbi for rioting in Rajkot | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 October 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-stir-3-held-in-Morbi-for-rioting-in-Rajkot/articleshow/49526841.cms | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidar-stir-3-held-in-Morbi-for-rioting-in-Rajkot/articleshow/49526841.cms | archive-date=26 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="DeshGujarat 2015">{{cite web | title=Ahmedabad Crime Branch gets 7-day remand of Hardik Patel | website=DeshGujarat | date=25 October 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/10/25/ahmedabad-crime-branch-gets-7-day-remand-of-hardik-patel/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026103300/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/10/25/ahmedabad-crime-branch-gets-7-day-remand-of-hardik-patel/ | archive-date=26 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Hardik Patel and five other PAAS leaders were booked by Ahmedabad police under [[Indian Penal Code]] Sections 121 (waging war against the government), 121A (using criminal force against the government), 124 (sedition), 153-A (promoting enmity between different communities), 120B (conspiracy) and 153-B (assertions prejudicial to national integrity). Surat police booked Hardik Patel under sedition charges for telling a youth to kill policemen instead of committing suicide.<ref name="Desaipat2015">{{cite news | last=Desai | first=Darshan | title=The Rise and Fall of a Patel Patriot | newspaper=The Wire | date=20 October 2015 | url=http://thewire.in/2015/10/20/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-patel-patriot-13640/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022143231/http://thewire.in/2015/10/20/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-patel-patriot-13640/ | archive-date=22 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="sed2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Sedition case: Hardik Patel undergoes voice-matching test | newspaper=The Hindu | date=28 October 2015 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sedition-case-hardik-patel-undergoes-voicematching-test/article7814639.ece | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311103407/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sedition-case-hardik-patel-undergoes-voicematching-test/article7814639.ece | archive-date=11 March 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Bhanb2015">{{cite news | last=Bhan | first=Swati | title=Legal trouble mounts in Patidar agitation: Gujarat HC refuses relief to Hardik Patel in sedition charges | newspaper=Firstpost | date=27 October 2015 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/legal-trouble-mounts-in-patidar-agitation-gujarat-hc-refuses-relief-to-hardik-patel-in-sedition-charges-2485026.html | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029232744/http://www.firstpost.com/india/legal-trouble-mounts-in-patidar-agitation-gujarat-hc-refuses-relief-to-hardik-patel-in-sedition-charges-2485026.html | archive-date=29 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="sed22015">{{cite news | title=Patidar quota agitation: Fresh sedition case against Hardik Patel, two aides arrested | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=22 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/patidar-quota-agitation-fresh-sedition-case-against-hardik-patel-two-aides-arrested/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022102509/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/patidar-quota-agitation-fresh-sedition-case-against-hardik-patel-two-aides-arrested/ | archive-date=22 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Gujarat High Court refused to quash cases of sedition against Hardik Patel on 27 October.<ref name="Networkg2015">{{cite news | last=Network | first=Legal Era News | title=High Court refuses to quash case against Patidar leader | newspaper=Legal Era | date=28 October 2015 | url=http://www.legalera.in/news-deals/high-court-news/gujarat-hc/item/17779-high-court-refuses-to-quash-case-against-patidar-leader.html | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111121316/http://www.legalera.in/news-deals/high-court-news/gujarat-hc/item/17779-high-court-refuses-to-quash-case-against-patidar-leader.html | archive-date=11 January 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===November–December===
Local civic elections were held across Gujarat in November 2015. Several Patidar leaders urged voting against ruling [[BJP]] candidates and supporting [[Indian National Congress|INC]] candidates.<ref name="htele2015">{{cite news | title=Test for BJP as Gujarat civic polls counting begins | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=2015-12-02 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/test-for-bjp-as-gujarat-civic-polls-counting-begins/story-bYxowNM3xSbpVebM71xXQI.html | access-date=2015-12-02 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204224642/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/test-for-bjp-as-gujarat-civic-polls-counting-begins/story-bYxowNM3xSbpVebM71xXQI.html | archive-date=4 December 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The result of election showed that the rural and lower-middle-class Patidars probably moved to INC from BJP in large numbers while urban middle-class Patidars continued to vote BJP.<ref name="htele2015"/><ref name="Jaffrelot 2016 pp. 218–232"/>

==Agitation in 2016==

===January–March===
With Hardik Patel still in jail and facing several charges, PAAS organised a 33-day-long ''Ekta Yatra'' (Unity March) across eleven districts of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurastra]], starting from Sidsar, Jamnagar and culminating in Kagvad.<ref>{{cite news | title=Patidars to take Ekta Yatra to north Gujarat | newspaper=The Times of India | date=12 April 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidars-to-take-Ekta-Yatra-to-north-Gujarat/articleshow/51786149.cms | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530180257/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Patidars-to-take-Ekta-Yatra-to-north-Gujarat/articleshow/51786149.cms | archive-date=30 May 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Patidars' Ekta Yatra: Radadiya meets Hardik Patel in Surat jail | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=24 February 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-ekta-yatra-radadiya-meets-hardik-patel-in-surat-jail/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426041257/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidars-ekta-yatra-radadiya-meets-hardik-patel-in-surat-jail/ | archive-date=26 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The SPG demanded a reservation under the EBC (Economically Backward Class) quota to avoid confrontation with OBCs.<ref name="EBC2016">{{cite news | title=Sardar Patel Group to start next round of Patel quota agitation from April 17 | newspaper=The Times of India | date=22 March 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Sardar-Patel-Group-to-start-next-round-of-Patel-quota-agitation-from-April-17/articleshow/51502884.cms | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923110905/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Sardar-Patel-Group-to-start-next-round-of-Patel-quota-agitation-from-April-17/articleshow/51502884.cms | archive-date=23 September 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

During the budget session of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, 55 INC MLAs were suspended by the speaker when they raised slogans in support of the agitation and hurled [[#lollipop|lollipop]]s toward the treasury benches and the chief minister.<ref name="vidhan2016">{{cite news | title=Gujarat: 55 Cong MLAs suspended as they hurl lollipops at treasury benches | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=31 March 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-55-cong-mlas-suspended-as-they-hurl-lollipops-at-treasury-benches/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415103032/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-55-cong-mlas-suspended-as-they-hurl-lollipops-at-treasury-benches/ | archive-date=15 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===April===
After the [[Jat reservation agitation]], the government of [[Haryana]] accepted the demand of the [[Jat]] community for reservations, prompting another round of agitation. The seven-member committee headed by Nitin Patel failed to reach a compromise, and [[Vitthal Radadiya]], a BJP MP, held a second round of negotiation. A new organisation, Patidar Sangh, was also formed, based in Surat and consisting of people from the diamond industry.<ref name="Thomas 2016">{{cite news | last=Thomas | first=Melvyn Reggie | title=Surat's diamond industry backs PAAS agitation | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=9 April 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Surats-diamond-industry-backs-PAAS-agitation/articleshow/51750490.cms | access-date=2016-04-18 | archive-date=16 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116104855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Surats-diamond-industry-backs-PAAS-agitation/articleshow/51750490.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> They announced grants of {{INR}} 3 lakh to the kin of each of the 12 Patidars who died in the agitation. They also organised a symbolic fast in support of the release of Patidar leaders from jail.<ref name="death12">{{cite news | title=Kin of 12 Patidars killed during quota stir to get Rs3 lakh aid | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | date=14 April 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Kin-of-12-Patidars-killed-during-quota-stir-to-get-Rs3-lakh-aid/articleshow/51819852.cms | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530185519/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Kin-of-12-Patidars-killed-during-quota-stir-to-get-Rs3-lakh-aid/articleshow/51819852.cms | archive-date=30 May 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> PAAS and SPG presented their demands. Hardik Patel and other Patidar leaders continue to face legal charges and are in jail. Patidars started "Jail Bharo Andolan" (Fill The Jails Agitation) for their release on 17 April 2016.<ref>{{cite news | title=Quota stir: Ministerial committee submits recommendations to CM Anandiben Patel | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=12 April 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/quota-stir-ministerial-committee-submits-recommendations-to-cm-anandiben-patel/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419191121/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/quota-stir-ministerial-committee-submits-recommendations-to-cm-anandiben-patel/ | archive-date=19 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Permission to hold the protest was refused, and the district administration issued prohibitory orders under [[section 144]],<ref name="sec1442016">{{cite web | title=Prohibitory orders under section 144 in Mahesana till April 18 | website=DeshGujarat | date=4 April 2016 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2016/04/04/prohibitory-orders-under-section-144-in-mahesana-till-april-18/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406231554/http://deshgujarat.com/2016/04/04/prohibitory-orders-under-section-144-in-mahesana-till-april-18/ | archive-date=6 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> but the protestors defied the order. The agitation turned violent as protestors clashed with police in [[Mehsana]]. Around 25 protestors, five policemen and two officials were injured in the clashes. Curfew was imposed in Mehsana. Mobile internet service was suspended in Ahmedabad, Mehsana, Surat and Rajkot. Four companies of the [[Rapid Action Force]] were deployed in the affected cities, and ten companies of the [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] (Central Reserve Police Force) were requested from the central government. There were some arrests. There were also clashes in the Varachha area of Surat.<ref name="ap12016">{{cite news | title=As Patidars clash with police - arrests, curfew, curbs on Internet | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=18 April 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-curfew-imposed-in-mehsana-as-patels-rally-turns-violent-lalji-patel-injured-2757681/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193453/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-curfew-imposed-in-mehsana-as-patels-rally-turns-violent-lalji-patel-injured-2757681/ | archive-date=19 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="apr2016">{{cite news | title=Patidar agitation: Spurred by Jat reservation in Haryana, compromise is elusive in Gujarat | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=18 April 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-agitation-spurred-by-jat-reservation-in-haryana-compromise-is-elusive-in-gujarat-2759196/ | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420033351/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/patidar-agitation-spurred-by-jat-reservation-in-haryana-compromise-is-elusive-in-gujarat-2759196/ | archive-date=20 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Some Patidar groups called for a statewide ''Bandh'' (strike). One Patidar leader committed suicide in Surat.<ref name="Svv2016">{{cite news | title=Patidar reservation protests: Surat youth commits suicide | newspaper=Scroll.in | date=18 April 2016 | url=http://scroll.in/latest/806797/calls-for-a-bandh-in-gujarat-after-clashes-between-police-and-protesters-at-patel-quota-rally | access-date=2016-04-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419165957/http://scroll.in/latest/806797/calls-for-a-bandh-in-gujarat-after-clashes-between-police-and-protesters-at-patel-quota-rally | archive-date=19 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Government of Gujarat announced a 10% reservation for Economically Backward Classes (EBC){{efn-ua|The EBC are people whose income is below {{INR}} 6 Lakh per year.}} among the upper castes in educational institutions and jobs. (But see [[#10%-quashed|below]].)<ref name="ecbhc2016">{{cite news | title=Gujarat High Court scraps 10% EBC quota intended to appease the Patels | newspaper=India Today | date=4 August 2016 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-high-court-scraps-10-per-cent-ebc-quota-intended-to-appease-the-patels-333221-2016-08-04 | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805233021/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gujarat-high-court-scraps-10-per-cent-ebc-quota-intended-to-appease-the-patels/1/731822.html | archive-date=5 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Langao2016">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=Relenting to Patel stir, Gujarat announces 10% quota for economically backward among upper castes | newspaper=The Hindu | date=29 April 2016 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/relenting-to-patel-stir-gujarat-announces-10-quota-for-economically-backward-among-upper-castes/article8536549.ece | access-date=2016-08-04 | archive-date=10 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110034209/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Relenting-to-Patel-stir-Gujarat-extends-quota-to-upper-castes-based-on-economic-criteria/article14264906.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

===May–August===
On 15 July 2016, Hardik Patel was granted bail on condition that he stay out of the state for six months and out of Mehsana for nine months.<ref name="hkbail">{{cite news | title=Patidar leader Hardik Patel gets conditional bail in rioting case | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=11 July 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/hardik-patel-bail-rioting-case-patidar-agitation-2907301/ | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815210115/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/hardik-patel-bail-rioting-case-patidar-agitation-2907301/ | archive-date=15 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 29 July, the Government of Gujarat announced that they will withdraw 391 of 438 cases filed against Patidar community members.<ref name="nocase2016">{{cite news | title=Gujarat government to withdraw 90 per cent cases related to Patidar agitation | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=31 July 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-government-to-withdraw-90-per-cent-cases-related-to-patidar-agitation-2946555/ | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803225559/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-government-to-withdraw-90-per-cent-cases-related-to-patidar-agitation-2946555/ | archive-date=3 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The state Chief Minister [[Anandiben Patel]] resigned, citing her age, but the media speculated that the handling of agitation was one of her reasons.<ref name="Umarji 2016">{{cite news | last=Umarji | first=Vinay | title=Governor accepts CM Anandiben's resignation | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=4 August 2016 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/governor-accepts-cm-anandiben-s-resignation-116080301442_1.html | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817001256/http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/governor-accepts-cm-anandiben-s-resignation-116080301442_1.html | archive-date=17 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Expressvvv2016">{{cite news | title=Reservations: After Una Dalit row to Anandiben Patel resignation, PM Narendra Modi must send strong message | newspaper=The Financial Express | date=2 August 2016 | url=http://www.financialexpress.com/fe-columnist/reservations-after-una-dalit-row-to-anandiben-patel-resignation-pm-narendra-modi-must-send-strong-message/335560/ | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805201843/http://www.financialexpress.com/fe-columnist/reservations-after-una-dalit-row-to-anandiben-patel-resignation-pm-narendra-modi-must-send-strong-message/335560/ | archive-date=5 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Editvv2016">{{cite news | title=Anandiben resigns: Dalit uprising, Patidar agitation are symptoms of rising anti-incumbency in Modi's Gujarat | newspaper=Times Of India | date=2 August 2016 | url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-editorials/anandiben-resigns-dalit-uprising-patidar-agitation-are-symptoms-of-rising-anti-incumbency-in-modis-gujarat/ | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802191337/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-editorials/anandiben-resigns-dalit-uprising-patidar-agitation-are-symptoms-of-rising-anti-incumbency-in-modis-gujarat/ | archive-date=2 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Mahaprashasta 2016">{{cite news | last=Mahaprashasta | first=Ajoy Ashirwad | title=Anandiben Patel's Resignation: More At Play Than Just Administrative Failures in Gujarat | newspaper=The Wire | date=4 August 2016 | url=http://thewire.in/56279/anandiben-patels-resignation-play-just-administrative-failures-gujarat/ | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805211446/http://thewire.in/56279/anandiben-patels-resignation-play-just-administrative-failures-gujarat/ | archive-date=5 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{anchor|10%-quashed}}On 4 August, the [[Gujarat High Court]] quashed the 10% EBC reservation, citing it as unconstitutional and in violation of guidelines of the Supreme Court.<ref name="ecbhc2016"/> The government challenged the order in the [[Supreme court|Supreme Court]] on 9 August.<ref name="Sen92016">{{cite news | last=Sen | first=Shreeja | title=EBC quota: Gujarat govt moves SC against high court order | newspaper=Live Mint | date=10 August 2016 | url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/CcZvVaunPeAkpUu5k8vQSN/Gujarat-govt-moves-SC-against-quashing-of-ordinance-granting.html | access-date=2016-08-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160932/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/CcZvVaunPeAkpUu5k8vQSN/Gujarat-govt-moves-SC-against-quashing-of-ordinance-granting.html | archive-date=11 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Other leaders of PAAS accused Hardik Patel of spending the community's money on furthering his personal interests.<ref name="PAASX2016">{{cite news | title=Aides turn against Hardik Patel, accuse him of misusing community's money | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 August 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Aides-turn-against-Hardik-Patel-accuse-him-of-misusing-communitys-money/articleshow/53821373.cms | access-date=2016-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823063855/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Aides-turn-against-Hardik-Patel-accuse-him-of-misusing-communitys-money/articleshow/53821373.cms | archive-date=23 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===September–December===
Patidars boycotted and disrupted an event held for felicitation of 44 BJP MLAs of Patidar community in Surat on 7 September by [[Amit Shah]], BJP President and [[Vijay Rupani]], the newly appointed Chief Minister.<ref name="7sepv2016">{{cite news | title=Sardar Patel Group sides with Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti, opposes PASS plan to felicitate BJP leaders | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=7 September 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sardar-patel-group-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti-patidar-abhivadan-samaroh-samiti-bjp-3017684/ | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006172254/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sardar-patel-group-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti-patidar-abhivadan-samaroh-samiti-bjp-3017684/ | archive-date=6 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Sep82016">{{cite news | title=Patidars create ruckus, Amit Shah booed at Surat event | newspaper=The Times of India | date=8 September 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidars-create-ruckus-Amit-Shah-booed-at-Surat-event/articleshow/54199635.cms | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911132316/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidars-create-ruckus-Amit-Shah-booed-at-Surat-event/articleshow/54199635.cms | archive-date=11 September 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Three days later, an event in [[Atkot]] village of Jasdan Taluka where Rupani was present and an event in [[Bhavnagar]] for felicitation of [[Jitu Vaghani]], state BJP chief, were disrupted. 26 protestors were detained in Atkot while 11 were detained in Bhavnagar for disrupting the events.<ref name="ht11sep2016">{{cite news | title=37 detained after Patidars disrupt Gujarat CM, state BJP chief's events | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=11 September 2016 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/37-detained-after-patidars-disrupt-gujarat-cm-state-bjp-chief-s-events/story-S9GX3ucXkIzo8URnhnTY4N.html | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005175643/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/37-detained-after-patidars-disrupt-gujarat-cm-state-bjp-chief-s-events/story-S9GX3ucXkIzo8URnhnTY4N.html | archive-date=5 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Seven police were also booked later for assault on protestors.<ref name="13sep2016">{{cite news | title=Gujarat: BJP chief's ex-aide, 7 cops booked for attack on 4 Patidar men in Bhavnagar | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=13 September 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bjp-chiefs-ex-aide-7-cops-booked-for-attack-on-4-patidar-men-in-bhavnagar-3028151/ | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006172231/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bjp-chiefs-ex-aide-7-cops-booked-for-attack-on-4-patidar-men-in-bhavnagar-3028151/ | archive-date=6 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The rally in Bhavnagar on 30 September was cancelled as the police detained the leaders of PAAS.<ref name="30sep2016">{{cite news | title=Cops thwart Patidar Anamat Andolan Samiti Aakrosh Rally | newspaper=The Times of India | date=30 September 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Cops-thwart-Patidar-Anamat-Andolan-Samiti-Aakrosh-Rally/articleshow/54597737.cms | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113060657/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Cops-thwart-Patidar-Anamat-Andolan-Samiti-Aakrosh-Rally/articleshow/54597737.cms | archive-date=13 November 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The ordinance for EBC reservation lapsed{{efn-ua|According to Article 213 of the [[Constitution of India]], any ordinance has to be presented as a bill and passed in the state legislative assembly in the session held after its issue. The ordinance lapses after six weeks passed from the last session.}} on 4 October as the case is in the Supreme Court which had earlier given interim direction to not allow fresh admissions or recruitment under the EBC reservation.<ref name="4oct016">{{cite news | title=EBC reservation ordinance lapses | newspaper=The Times of India | date=4 October 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/EBC-reservation-ordinance-lapses/articleshow/54668733.cms | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004191026/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/EBC-reservation-ordinance-lapses/articleshow/54668733.cms | archive-date=4 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Several Patidar leaders had requested to vote against BJP in the local body elections. On 27 November 2016, the local body elections of 126 seats in 16 districts of Gujarat was held which included two municipalities and one taluka panchayat and by-elections for over 100 seats for various local bodies. The BJP won 109 seats while INC won 17 seats, 39 less than the last elections.<ref name="http://www.hindustantimes.com/ 2016">{{cite news | title=How BJP regained lost ground in Gujarat a year after Patidar agitation | work=Hindustan Times | date=1 December 2016 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-bjp-regained-lost-ground-in-gujarat-a-year-after-patidar-agitation/story-SGBSKPw5ecihmvzWLHCu6M.html | access-date=2016-12-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203152842/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-bjp-regained-lost-ground-in-gujarat-a-year-after-patidar-agitation/story-SGBSKPw5ecihmvzWLHCu6M.html | archive-date=3 December 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="LangaO2016">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=BJP wins local body polls in Gujarat | newspaper=The Hindu | date=29 November 2016 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BJP-wins-local-body-polls-in-Gujarat/article16720210.ece | access-date=2016-12-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201192629/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/BJP-wins-local-body-polls-in-Gujarat/article16720210.ece | archive-date=1 December 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The 11 members committee of PAAS held talks with three state ministers on 1 December 2016 to discuss their demands.<ref>{{cite news | title=Patel quota: Talks between Patidar Samiti, government fails to break deadlock | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 December 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/patel-quota-talks-between-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti-government-fails-to-break-deadlock-4405500/ | access-date=2016-12-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202112126/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/patel-quota-talks-between-patidar-anamat-andolan-samiti-government-fails-to-break-deadlock-4405500/ | archive-date=2 December 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Agitation in 2017–2022==
The agitation lingered on in 2017 and 2018. The PAAS supported the campaign of the INC in the [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017 Gujarat legislative assembly election]] which had agreed to the demand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/congress-promises-to-bring-legislation-for-patidar-reservation-without-altering-obc-share-of-quota-4242091.html|title=Congress promises to bring legislation for Patidar reservation, without altering OBC share of quota|website=Firstpost|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329174018/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/congress-promises-to-bring-legislation-for-patidar-reservation-without-altering-obc-share-of-quota-4242091.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20171204-congress-bjp-gujarat-assembly-elections-2019-patidars-hardik-patel-1092661-2017-11-27|title=Gujarat Election 2017: Has Congress messed up its poll alliance with Patidars?|author=Uday Mahurkar|date=November 27, 2017|website=India Today|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401215203/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20171204-congress-bjp-gujarat-assembly-elections-2019-patidars-hardik-patel-1092661-2017-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref> Several Patidar leaders also aligned with the BJP.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/gujarat-hardik-patidar-pass-2017-assembly-polls-1078408-2017-10-31|title=Gujarat election 2017: Cracks appear in Patidar leadership, voice against Hardik grows|author=Ilma Hasan|date=October 31, 2017|website=India Today|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401215217/https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/gujarat-hardik-patidar-pass-2017-assembly-polls-1078408-2017-10-31|url-status=live}}</ref> BJP won the election with majority in the assembly but performed below result of the [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|previous election in 2012]]. INC increased its seats in the assembly. INC brought private members bill for reservation in March 2018 but was rejected.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/hardik-patel-cut-up-with-congress-for-betraying-the-patidars/articleshow/63142630.cms|title=Hardik Patel cut up with Congress for 'betraying' the Patidars|first=D. P.|last=Bhattacharya|date=3 March 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402175505/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/hardik-patel-cut-up-with-congress-for-betraying-the-patidars/articleshow/63142630.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="PMB18"/>

In August–September 2018, Hardik Patel fasted for nineteen days demanding the reservation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/govt-unmoved-hardik-patel-to-abandon-fast-today-hit-the-streets-again-for-3-demands-1875547.html|title=Govt Unmoved, Hardik Patel to Abandon Fast Today, Hit the Streets Again for 3 Demands|website=News18|date=12 September 2018|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401195808/https://www.news18.com/news/india/govt-unmoved-hardik-patel-to-abandon-fast-today-hit-the-streets-again-for-3-demands-1875547.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2018, he had requested to the INC leaders to bring the private members bill again in the legislative assembly.<ref name="PMB18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/citing-marathas-hardik-patel-revives-patidar-quota-demand-corners-congress-bjp/story-7rV1ovX0VEkFqjeWDpt0mO.html|title=Citing Marathas, Hardik Patel revives Patidar quota demand, corners Congress, BJP|date=5 December 2018|website=www.hindustantimes.com/|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401220610/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/citing-marathas-hardik-patel-revives-patidar-quota-demand-corners-congress-bjp/story-7rV1ovX0VEkFqjeWDpt0mO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Parliament of India]] passed the bill carrying the [[One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India|103rd amendment of the constitution]] which was commenced on 14 January 2019 granting maximum 10% reservation to the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of the society. The amendment was challenged in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/10-quota-for-economically-weaker-sections-to-bring-social-equality-govt-119031200867_1.html|title=10% quota for economically weaker sections to bring social equality: Govt|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=12 March 2019|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401203421/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/10-quota-for-economically-weaker-sections-to-bring-social-equality-govt-119031200867_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/economic-reservation-constitution-103rd-amendment-does-not-violate-basic-structure-centre-tells-sc-143506|title=Economic Reservation :Constitution (103rd) Amendment Does Not Violate Basic Structure, Centre Tells SC|date=12 March 2019|website=www.livelaw.in|access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330053707/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/economic-reservation-constitution-103rd-amendment-does-not-violate-basic-structure-centre-tells-sc-143506|url-status=live}}</ref> The Government of Gujarat announced the implementation on the same date.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/gujarat-first-state-implement-new-10-percent-quota-economically-weak-general-category/story/309788.html|title=Gujarat first state to implement 10% quota for economically weak in general category|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=14 January 2019 |access-date=15 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401215251/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/gujarat-first-state-implement-new-10-percent-quota-economically-weak-general-category/story/309788.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2020, the cases challenging 103rd amendment was referred to five-judge Constitution Batch of Supreme Court for hearing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|title=EWS quota law: what a five-judge Constitution Bench will look into|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ews-quota-law-what-a-five-judge-constitution-bench-will-look-into-6543170/|access-date=2021-08-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=3 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803065940/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ews-quota-law-what-a-five-judge-constitution-bench-will-look-into-6543170/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Supreme Court upheld the validity of the amendment in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-08 |title=Supreme Court upholds EWS quota in 3-2 split verdict, CJI in minority |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/supreme-court-upholds-ews-quota-in-3-2-split-verdict-cji-in-minority/articleshow/95365168.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Several agitation leaders joined politics and contested [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022 Gujarat legislative assembly election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2022-12-03|title=In Gujarat, Patidars hold key to power as their anger against the BJP wanes|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/election/in-gujarat-patidars-hold-key-to-power-as-their-anger-against-the-bjp-wanes-1168047.html|access-date=2022-12-04|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> On 12 March 2019, Hardik Patel joined the INC<ref name="NDTV_HardikJoinedINC">{{cite news |date=12 March 2019 |title=Patidar Leader Hardik Patel Joins Congress In Presence Of Rahul Gandhi |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/patidar-leader-hardik-patel-joins-congress-in-presence-of-rahul-gandhi-2006417 |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313084731/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/patidar-leader-hardik-patel-joins-congress-in-presence-of-rahul-gandhi-2006417 |archive-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> but later switched to BJP in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title='Soldier of Narendrabhai': Hardik Patel formally joins BJP|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/hardik-patel-joins-bjp-prime-minister-narendra-modi-7948492/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He contested and was elected from [[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam constituency]]. Other leaders including Alpesh Kathiriya, [[Gopal Italia]] and Dharmik Malavia joined [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) and contested from [[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]], [[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]] and [[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]] constituencies respectively. Another leader Reshma Patel had joined BJP in 2017, later moved to [[Nationalist Congress Party]] in 2019 and then to AAP in November 2022.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-16|title=Former quota agitation leader Reshma Patel joins AAP ahead of Gujarat Assembly polls|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/former-quota-agitation-leader-reshma-patel-joins-aap-ahead-of-gujarat-assembly-polls-8271904/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Reactions==

===Social===
Some Patidar leaders and organisations criticised Hardik Patel, his tactics and his organisation PAAS.<ref name="arrestx2015"/><ref name="Dndopp2015"/><ref name="Par2015">{{cite news | last=Shastri | first=Parth | title='We are fed up with Hardik's flip-flops, would fight on our own now' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=19 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/We-are-fed-up-with-Hardiks-flip-flops-would-fight-on-our-own-now/articleshow/49028734.cms | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004415/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/We-are-fed-up-with-Hardiks-flip-flops-would-fight-on-our-own-now/articleshow/49028734.cms | archive-date=23 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Tehelkab2015">{{cite news | title='politics, not social activism': Ashwin Patel | newspaper=Tehelka | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://www.tehelka.com/2015/09/its-politics-not-social-activism-ashwin-patel/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | archive-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185150/http://www.tehelka.com/2015/09/its-politics-not-social-activism-ashwin-patel/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ld 2015">{{cite news | title=Lalji Patel: 'I let Hardik run social media, he made it seem he was the leader' | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/lalji-patel-i-let-hardik-run-social-media-he-made-it-seem-he-was-the-leader/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902211334/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/lalji-patel-i-let-hardik-run-social-media-he-made-it-seem-he-was-the-leader/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="dnald2015">{{cite news | title=Patel quota row: Hardik Patel's leadership challenged? Mentor Lalji gathers support for protest from community | newspaper=dna | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-quota-row-hardik-patel-s-leadership-challenged-mentor-lalji-gathers-support-for-protest-from-community-2121638 | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904214219/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-quota-row-hardik-patel-s-leadership-challenged-mentor-lalji-gathers-support-for-protest-from-community-2121638 | archive-date=4 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="vgh2015">{{cite news | title=Hardik softens, offers to quit from Patidar group | newspaper=The Times of India | date=5 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hardik-softens-offers-to-quit-from-Patidar-group/articleshow/48831075.cms | access-date=2015-09-07 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907042400/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hardik-softens-offers-to-quit-from-Patidar-group/articleshow/48831075.cms | archive-date=7 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="obl">{{cite news | title=Quota warrior fading into oblivion | newspaper=The Times of India | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Quota-warrior-fading-into-oblivion/articleshow/48876528.cms | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911084908/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Quota-warrior-fading-into-oblivion/articleshow/48876528.cms | archive-date=11 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Now, Patidars to give Hardik roses 'to stop misguiding community' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=22 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-Patidars-to-give-Hardik-roses-to-stop-misguiding-community/articleshow/49053365.cms | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925060834/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Now-Patidars-to-give-Hardik-roses-to-stop-misguiding-community/articleshow/49053365.cms | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> More than 1000 Patels held a meeting in [[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]], [[New Jersey]], in the US, to extend their support to agitation led by SPG.<ref name="dnanj2015">{{cite news | title=Patel agitation goes global: Patidar community in US vow to boycott PM Modi's visit | newspaper=dna | date=8 September 2015 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-agitation-goes-global-patidar-community-in-us-vow-to-boycott-pm-modi-s-visit-2123302 | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909215944/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-patel-agitation-goes-global-patidar-community-in-us-vow-to-boycott-pm-modi-s-visit-2123302 | archive-date=9 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Leaders of several other Gujarat communities, including the [[Brahmin]], [[Thakor]]e, [[Vaishnava]], [[Rajput]], [[Sindhis in India|Sindhi]], [[Kansara]], [[Soni (caste)|Soni]] and [[Raghuvanshi#Modern History|Raghuvanshi]] communities, also started agitation for reservation along similar lines.<ref name="India Todaybr2015">{{cite news | title=Why Brahmins in Gujarat are demanding reservation in jobs, education | newspaper=India Today | date=2015-08-19 | url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/why-brahmins-in-gujarat-are-demanding-reservation-in-jobs-education/1/459624.html | access-date=2015-08-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819183241/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/why-brahmins-in-gujarat-are-demanding-reservation-in-jobs-education/1/459624.html | archive-date=19 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="rup2015">{{cite web | title=Behind the scene plot is to destabilise government: Rupala | website=DeshGujarat | date=15 August 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/15/behind-the-scene-plot-is-to-destabilise-government-rupala/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928232022/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/15/behind-the-scene-plot-is-to-destabilise-government-rupala/ | archive-date=28 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="rgv2015">{{cite news | title=Brahmins, Raghuvanshis join Patels in reservation rally in Amreli | website=DeshGujarat | date=10 August 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/10/brahmins-raghuvanshis-join-patels-in-reservation-rally-in-amreli/ | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929002836/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/10/brahmins-raghuvanshis-join-patels-in-reservation-rally-in-amreli/ | archive-date=29 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Jat]] community of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Haryana]] announced that they would start agitation in the same manner beginning in September 2015,<ref name="amjat2015"/> although their demand for reservation goes back around two decades.

Other community organisations, such as Gujjar Vikas Parishad, Kurmi-Kshatriya Mahasabha, Anjana-Chaudhari Samaj, and Rashtriya Gujjar Manch, also extended their support to the agitation.<ref name="amjat2015"/>

The leaders of the communities already having OBC status opposed the agitation. OBC Ekta Manch along with Gujarat Kshatriya Thakor Sena held a [[counter-protest]] attended by thousands on 23 August in Ahmedabad and Rajkot.<ref name="opp2015">{{cite news | title=OBCs threaten to 'uproot' Gujarat government if Patels given reservation | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=23 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/obcs-threaten-to-uproot-gujarat-government-if-patels-given-reservation/ | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824012524/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat/obcs-threaten-to-uproot-gujarat-government-if-patels-given-reservation/ | archive-date=24 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="obcekta2015">{{cite web | title=OBC Ekta Manch holds Maha-dharna, says – sharing of 27% quota with Patels unacceptable | website=DeshGujarat | date=23 August 2015 | url=http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/23/obc-ekta-manch-holds-maha-dharna-says-sharing-of-27-quota-with-patels-unacceptable/ | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928233214/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/08/23/obc-ekta-manch-holds-maha-dharna-says-sharing-of-27-quota-with-patels-unacceptable/ | archive-date=28 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Bureaub2015">{{cite news | last=Bureau | first=Focus News | title=Gujarat CM Says No To Patel Reservation, Community Firm On Holding Rally | newspaper=Focus News | date=23 August 2015 | url=http://focusnews.com/india/gujarat-cm-says-no-to-patel-reservation-community-firm-on-holding-rally/113913/ | access-date=2015-08-23 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828145121/http://focusnews.com/india/gujarat-cm-says-no-to-patel-reservation-community-firm-on-holding-rally/113913/ | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> OBC Ekta Manch also requested permission to hold a counter-protest ''Pratikar Rally'', on 19 September, but the authorities denied permission, citing the law and order situation.<ref name="Dhaka Tribune 2015"/><ref name="IANSd2015">{{cite news | author=IANS | title=Protests in Gujarat as Hardik Patel detained | newspaper=Business Standard India | date=19 September 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/protests-in-gujarat-as-hardik-patel-detained-115091900688_1.html | access-date=19 September 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925111114/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/protests-in-gujarat-as-hardik-patel-detained-115091900688_1.html | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 14 September 2015, the [[Andhra Pradesh]] based organisation ''Agra Kula Ikya Vedika'', a forum of upper castes, with representatives from [[Brahmin]], [[Khatriya]], [[Vysya]], [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]], [[Reddy]], [[Velama]], and [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] communities, met in [[Vijaywada]] and demanded that the reservation be based on economic status instead of caste and religion. They also asked the Central government to constitute a committee headed by a Supreme Court judge to study the issue.<ref name="Jayaram 2015">{{cite news | last=Jayaram | first=P.S. | title=Hardik Patel's quota protest finds echo in Andhra Pradesh | newspaper=Khaleej Times | date=13 September 2015 | url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/hardik-patels-quota-protest-finds-echo-in-andhra-pradesh | access-date=2015-09-14 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918020335/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/international/india/hardik-patels-quota-protest-finds-echo-in-andhra-pradesh | archive-date=18 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In September 2016, an agitation for reservation for [[Maratha]] in [[Maharashtra]] intensified.<ref name="htmar2016">{{cite news | title=Only employment opportunities can quell Maratha protests | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=3 October 2016 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/only-employment-opportunities-can-quell-maratha-protests/story-HZiSVSJBjP4LkBq5lkIw7L.html | access-date=2016-10-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004072527/http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/only-employment-opportunities-can-quell-maratha-protests/story-HZiSVSJBjP4LkBq5lkIw7L.html | archive-date=4 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The agitation sparked debates on [[reservation in India|reservation]]s, [[caste system of India|caste system]], [[caste politics]], [[vote bank]] politics, increased cost of education and unemployment for youth across Gujarat and across India in general.<ref name="Firstpost 2015">{{cite news | title=Patidars for OBC quota: Is Hardik Patel actually spearheading an anti-reservation movement? | newspaper=Firstpost | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/patidars-for-obc-is-hardik-patel-actually-spearheading-an-anti-reservation-movement-2408578.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903013922/http://www.firstpost.com/india/patidars-for-obc-is-hardik-patel-actually-spearheading-an-anti-reservation-movement-2408578.html | archive-date=3 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="quotas2015">{{cite news | title=A short history of quota: Story that predates Mandal | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=1 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/a-short-history-of-quota-story-that-predates-mandal/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902204507/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/a-short-history-of-quota-story-that-predates-mandal/ | archive-date=2 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="c2015">{{cite news | title=The good word | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=1 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-good-word-2/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903012910/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-good-word-2/ | archive-date=3 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="CatchNews2015">{{cite news | title=The real reason for the Patel mess: RSS's mission to abolish reservation | newspaper=CatchNews.com | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/the-real-reason-for-the-patel-mess-rss-s-mission-to-abolish-reservation-1440614654.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829182037/http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/the-real-reason-for-the-patel-mess-rss-s-mission-to-abolish-reservation-1440614654.html | archive-date=29 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Ashraf 2015">{{cite news | last=Ashraf | first=Ajaz | title=Redesigning reservations: Why removing caste-based quotas is not the answer | newspaper=Scroll.in | date=2015-09-05 | url=http://scroll.in/article/753490/redesigning-reservations-why-removing-caste-based-quotas-is-not-the-answer | access-date=2015-09-05 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906004920/http://scroll.in/article/753490/redesigning-reservations-why-removing-caste-based-quotas-is-not-the-answer | archive-date=6 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="guj2015">{{cite news | title=In fact: In Gujarat, a million mutinies now | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-in-gujarat-a-million-mutinies-now/ | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925143926/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/in-fact-in-gujarat-a-million-mutinies-now/ | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Political===
On 11 August 2015 the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], [[Anandiben Patel]], formed a seven-member panel to interact with the community and submit a report to the government. The panel, headed by [[Nitinbhai Patel]], also included [[Ramanlal Vora]], [[Bhupendrasinh Chudasama]], [[Babubhai Bokhiria]], [[Vasuben Trivedi]], Nanubhai Vanani, and Rajni Patel.<ref name="s2015" /> On 17 August the panel held talks with community organisations, including SPG. The PAAS did not participate in the talks.<ref name="web2015" /><ref name="DeshGujarata2015" /><ref name="AMa">{{cite news | title=Division in Patidar leadership shows | newspaper=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] | url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Division-in-Patidar-leadership-shows/articleshow/48532919.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820115002/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Division-in-Patidar-leadership-shows/articleshow/48532919.cms | archive-date=20 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="fi2015">{{cite news | title=Agitation for OBc status: Patels dub first talk with govt a 'failure' | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=18 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/agitation-for-obc-status-patels-dub-first-talk-with-govt-a-failure/ | access-date=2015-08-21 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925093818/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/agitation-for-obc-status-patels-dub-first-talk-with-govt-a-failure/ | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="18Augtalks2015">{{cite news | last=Reporters | first=BS | title=Gujarat govt holds talks with Patidars, others over OBC status demand | newspaper=Business Standard News | date=17 August 2015 | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/gujarat-govt-holds-talks-with-patidars-others-over-obc-status-demand-115081700850_1.html | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824002124/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/gujarat-govt-holds-talks-with-patidars-others-over-obc-status-demand-115081700850_1.html | archive-date=24 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 21 and 23 August the government published a full-length advertisement in leading Gujarati newspapers arguing legal and constitutional limitations.<ref name="arg2015" /><ref name="Bureaub2015" /> The chief minister expressed her inability to include Patidar in the OBC category, citing constitutional limitations, and urged the agitators to negotiate; they rejected the call. After violence following 25 August rally in Ahmedabad, she expressed regret and ordered an inquiry, and called for peace and order in the state.<ref name="inq 2015" /> The panel submitted its report on 9 September, and a second talk was held on 14 September.<ref name="DeshGujaratkk2015"/><ref name="repo">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Quota stir: Gujarat govt panel submits report to CM Anandiben Patel | newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=9 September 2015 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/quota-stir-gujarat-govt-panel-submits-report-to-cm-anandiben-patel/articleshow/48889893.cms | access-date=2015-09-09 | archive-date=12 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912064114/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/quota-stir-gujarat-govt-panel-submits-report-to-cm-anandiben-patel/articleshow/48889893.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 September she again urged an end to the agitation to avoid class conflict in the state.<ref name="plc2015"/> On 19 September she again met with the cabinet when violence broke out for a second time.<ref name="IANSd2015"/> On 25 September she announced the ''Mukhya Mantri Yuva Swalamban Scheme'' for general category students, which is expected to cost the exchequer {{INR}} 1,000 crore per year.<ref name="pack1">{{cite web | author=TNN | title=Gujarat chief minister Anandiben announces Rs 1,000 crore package to pacify Patidars | website=The Times of India | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarat-chief-minister-Anandiben-announces-Rs-1000-crore-package-to-pacify-Patidars/articleshow/49097123.cms | access-date=24 September 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927091300/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarat-chief-minister-Anandiben-announces-Rs-1000-crore-package-to-pacify-Patidars/articleshow/49097123.cms | archive-date=27 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 26 August, Narendra Modi appealed for peace and resolution through dialogue.<ref name="Zeeb2015">{{cite news | title=PM Narendra Modi's appeal to Patel community in Gujarat | newspaper=Zee News | date=26 August 2015 | url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/pm-narendra-modi-appeals-for-peace-in-gujarat-says-violence-does-not-benefit-anybody_1653025.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828191156/http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/pm-narendra-modi-appeals-for-peace-in-gujarat-says-violence-does-not-benefit-anybody_1653025.html | archive-date=28 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

During the Monsoon session of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, which started on 26 August, the opposition [[Indian National Congress]] party (INC) demanded a probe into police atrocities following 25 August rally. The Speaker suspended the assembly three times, and suspended all INC MLAs except opposition leader [[Shankersinh Vaghela]] for a day.<ref name="death2015"/> Vaghela said that before reviewing the reservation policy, the BJP must ensure that the grounds on which reservation was offered did not exist.<ref name="sv2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar reservation movement sponsored by BJP, RSS: Shankersinh Vaghela | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=22 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-reservation-movement-sponsored-by-bjp-rss-shankersinh-vaghela/ | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924221705/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/patidar-reservation-movement-sponsored-by-bjp-rss-shankersinh-vaghela/ | archive-date=24 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 October [[Gurudas Kamat]], General Secretary of the INC, announced its support for the agitation and demanded nationwide reservation for 15-20% population from the economically weaker section (EWS) of society.<ref name="Inc2015">{{cite news | title=Congress backs Patidar agitation, wants EWS quota | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=2015-10-02 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-backs-patidar-agitation-wants-ews-quota/ | access-date=2015-10-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003004641/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/congress-backs-patidar-agitation-wants-ews-quota/ | archive-date=3 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and opposition INC leaders assessed the impact of the agitation on upcoming local elections in 2015.<ref name="casec15"/><ref name="congg2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat: Congress holding four-day marathon meeting to assess political impact of Patidar agitation | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=26 September 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/congress-holding-four-day-marathon-meeting-to-assess-political-impact-of-patidar-agitation/ | access-date=2015-09-28 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929061015/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/congress-holding-four-day-marathon-meeting-to-assess-political-impact-of-patidar-agitation/ | archive-date=29 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Nalin Kotadiya, BJP MLA of [[Dhari, Gujarat|Dhari]], and Sabarkantha [[Member of parliament (India)|MP]] Dipsinh Rathod declared their support for the agitation.<ref name="TNN 2015">{{cite news | title=Dhari BJP MLA declares support for Patidar cause | newspaper=The Times of India | date=17 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Dhari-BJP-MLA-declares-support-for-Patidar-cause/articleshow/48510497.cms | access-date=2015-08-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817232658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/Dhari-BJP-MLA-declares-support-for-Patidar-cause/articleshow/48510497.cms | archive-date=17 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="mpsb2015">{{cite news | title=Sabarkantha BJP MP is Patidars ke PAAS | newspaper=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] | date=19 September 2015 | url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Sabarkantha-BJP-MP-is-Patidars-ke-PAAS/articleshow/49017479.cms | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110212/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/ahmedabad/others/Sabarkantha-BJP-MP-is-Patidars-ke-PAAS/articleshow/49017479.cms | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Nalin Kotdiya later also urged voters to vote for INC in the October 2015 elections.<ref name="nkc2015">{{cite news | title=Vote for Congress, BJP MLA Kotadiya appeals to Patidars | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=29 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/vote-for-congress-bjp-mla-kotadiya-appeals-to-patidars/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030010303/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/vote-for-congress-bjp-mla-kotadiya-appeals-to-patidars/ | archive-date=30 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Former Chief Minister of Gujarat [[Madhavsinh Solanki]] said that the agitation would not last long.<ref name="ms2015"/> Former Chief Minister [[Keshubhai Patel]] expressed his support if the agitation is nonviolent.<ref name="xvb2015"/>

Some media reported [[Nitish Kumar]], Chief Minister of [[Bihar]], as expressing solidarity with the agitation,<ref name="nk2">{{cite news | title=Bihar CM Nitish Kumar expresses solidarity with Hardik | newspaper=The Indian Express | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-expresses-solidarity-with-hardik/ | access-date=2015-08-25 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827213417/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-expresses-solidarity-with-hardik/ | archive-date=27 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="nk2015">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Nitish lends support to Patel community's stir in Gujarat | newspaper=The Times of India | date=25 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Nitish-lends-support-to-Patel-communitys-stir-in-Gujarat/articleshow/48674133.cms | access-date=2015-08-25 | archive-date=18 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918191150/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Nitish-lends-support-to-Patel-communitys-stir-in-Gujarat/articleshow/48674133.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> but he later denied it.<ref name="sharad">{{cite news | agency=PTI | title=Lack of job opportunities led to Patel quota stir: Sharad Yadav | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lack-of-job-opportunities-led-to-patel-quota-stir-sharad-yadav/articleshow/48789581.cms | access-date=2015-09-03 | archive-date=14 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914064447/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/lack-of-job-opportunities-led-to-patel-quota-stir-sharad-yadav/articleshow/48789581.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sharad Yadav]] advised dismissing the agitators' demands, calling them unjustified, and said that the reason behind the agitation is a lack of job opportunities.<ref name="sharad"/><ref name="oneind2015">{{cite web | title=Reject Patel reservation outrightly: Sharad Yadav | website=www.oneindia.com | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/reject-patel-reservation-outrightly-sharad-yadav-1858306.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915115810/http://www.oneindia.com/india/reject-patel-reservation-outrightly-sharad-yadav-1858306.html | archive-date=15 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> INC MP [[Rahul Gandhi]] blamed the Modi government and called the agitation a repercussion of the "politics of anger".<ref name="rg2015">{{cite news | title=Rahul targets Modi over Gujarat violence, calls it repercussion of 'politics of anger' | newspaper=The Times of India | date=27 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-targets-Modi-over-Gujarat-violence-calls-it-repercussion-of-politics-of-anger/articleshow/48695681.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901005044/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Rahul-targets-Modi-over-Gujarat-violence-calls-it-repercussion-of-politics-of-anger/articleshow/48695681.cms | archive-date=1 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 28 August six [[corporator]]s of [[Padra]] resigned in support of agitation.<ref name="pdr2015">{{cite news | title=Six Padra corporators quit to join Patidar agitation | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=28 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/six-padra-corporators-quit-to-join-patidar-agitation/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829190822/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/six-padra-corporators-quit-to-join-patidar-agitation/ | archive-date=29 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Aam Aadmi Party]] released a statement criticising police action against agitators and destruction of public property by agitators.<ref name="aap2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar agitation: AAP slams police action on supporters and destruction of public properties | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=28 August 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidar-agitation-aap-slams-police-action-on-supporters-and-destruction-of-public-properties/ | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901032208/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/patidar-agitation-aap-slams-police-action-on-supporters-and-destruction-of-public-properties/ | archive-date=1 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] condemned violence and police action.<ref name="cpm2015">{{cite news | title=Patidar agitation shows failure of Gujarat model: CPM | newspaper=The Times of India | date=28 August 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-agitation-shows-failure-of-Gujarat-model-CPM/articleshow/48704839.cms | access-date=2015-08-31 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831154020/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Patidar-agitation-shows-failure-of-Gujarat-model-CPM/articleshow/48704839.cms | archive-date=31 August 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Biju Janata Dal]] MP [[Baijayant Panda]] said the angst of the Patidar community is justified by the scarcity of jobs across the nation.<ref name="A 2015">{{cite news | last=Tewari | first=Ankur | title=Patidar angst justified: BJD MP | newspaper=The Times of India | date=7 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-angst-justified-BJD-MP/articleshow/48859125.cms | access-date=2015-09-07 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430021132/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-angst-justified-BJD-MP/articleshow/48859125.cms | archive-date=30 April 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] chief [[Mohan Bhagwat]] suggested a review of the effectiveness of reservations.<ref name="Bhan 2015"/> In an interview in the RSS's periodical ''Sadhna'', national spokesperson Manmohan Vaidya said that he supports the reservation given to SC and ST based on historical injustice, but criticised Hardik Patel for his speech and divisive tactics.<ref name="rss">{{cite news | title=RSS breaks silence on Patel quota stir, hits out at Hardik Patel | newspaper=The Economic Times | date=15 February 1977 | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rss-breaks-silence-on-patel-quota-stir-hits-out-at-hardik-patel/articleshow/48991395.cms | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919055841/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rss-breaks-silence-on-patel-quota-stir-hits-out-at-hardik-patel/articleshow/48991395.cms | archive-date=19 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Government of Gujarat passed two ordinances to postpone election of local governing bodies whose five-year terms end in October–November 2015. These local governing bodies include 253 municipalities, 208 taluka panchayats, 26 district panchayats and six municipal corporations. The Gujarat High Court later quashed the ordinances.<ref name="Indiapop2015">{{cite news | title=Gujarat High Court quashes ordinance to postpone elections | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=21 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-high-court-quashes-ordinance-to-postpone-elections/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026044811/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-high-court-quashes-ordinance-to-postpone-elections/ | archive-date=26 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="India">{{cite news | title=Panchayat polls postponed; Caste-war kind of situation in Gujarat: poll panel to High Court | newspaper=The Indian Express | date=15 October 2015 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/panchayat-polls-postponed-caste-war-kind-of-situation-in-gujarat-poll-panel-to-high-court/ | access-date=2015-10-29 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028231933/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/panchayat-polls-postponed-caste-war-kind-of-situation-in-gujarat-poll-panel-to-high-court/ | archive-date=28 October 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Judicial===
Following violence on 25 August, the [[Gujarat High Court]] issued notices to police and Government of Gujarat to conduct a probe and submit a report regarding involvement of police in property damage and atrocities.<ref name="death2015"/> In case of custodial death of youth in Ahmedabad, the court ordered state Crime Investigation Department (CID) probe.<ref name="sKhan 2015"/> PIL seeking investigation by judicial commission in role of Patidar leaders in violence was filed in the court.<ref name="SaKhan 2015">{{cite news | last=Khan | first=Saeed | title=PIL seeks probe, action against Hardik Patel, his associates | newspaper=The Times of India | date=1 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/PIL-seeks-probe-action-against-Hardik-Patel-his-associates/articleshow/48764510.cms | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118131309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/PIL-seeks-probe-action-against-Hardik-Patel-his-associates/articleshow/48764510.cms | archive-date=18 November 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The High Court ordered the state government to pay {{INR}} 4 [[lakh]] as compensation to the kin of people died in the violence, {{INR}} 2 lakh to the person who suffered disability over 65% and {{INR}} 10,000 to person who was injured in police atrocity.<ref name="cob2015">{{cite web | title=Gujarat HC orders compensation of Rs 4 lakh to families of those killed during Patel quota stir | website=IBNLive | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/gujarat-hc-orders-rs-4-lakh-compensation-to-families-of-those-killed-during-patel-quota-stir-1072155.html | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906130232/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/gujarat-hc-orders-rs-4-lakh-compensation-to-families-of-those-killed-during-patel-quota-stir-1072155.html | archive-date=6 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="Desf2015">{{cite web | title=Gujarat govt to give Rs 4 lakh aid to kin of those killed during Patidar unrest | website=DeshGujarat | date=3 September 2015 | url=http://DeshGujarat.Com/2015/09/03/gujarat-govt-to-give-rs-4-lakh-aid-to-kin-of-those-killed-during-patidar-unrest/ | access-date=2015-09-03 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925095957/http://deshgujarat.com/2015/09/03/gujarat-govt-to-give-rs-4-lakh-aid-to-kin-of-those-killed-during-patidar-unrest/ | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The public interest litigation was filed in the High Court which demands prohibition on blanket ban on internet services as happened in the end of August 2015.<ref name="netbanpil2015">{{cite news | last=Khan | first=Saeed | title=Patidar reservation: PIL against blanket ban on mobile internet | newspaper=The Times of India | date=7 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-reservation-PIL-against-blanket-ban-on-mobile-internet/articleshow/48861326.cms | access-date=2015-09-08 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506183905/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-reservation-PIL-against-blanket-ban-on-mobile-internet/articleshow/48861326.cms | archive-date=6 May 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Later the court upheld the decision of government in banning the internet.<ref name="Himanshu Kaushik 2015">{{cite web | last=Kaushik | first=Himanshu | title=Mobile internet services banned across Gujarat after Hardik Patel's detention | website=The Times of India | date=2015-09-19 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mobile-internet-services-banned-across-Gujarat-after-Hardik-Patels-detention/articleshow/49024649.cms | access-date=2015-09-19 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921145752/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mobile-internet-services-banned-across-Gujarat-after-Hardik-Patels-detention/articleshow/49024649.cms | archive-date=21 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Gujarat High Court also ordered filing FIR in cases of excesses on part of the police on 16 September.<ref name="xKhan 2015">{{cite news | last=Khan | first=Saeed | title=Patidar reservation stir: Gujarat HC orders FIR, strict action against erring cops | newspaper=The Times of India | date=16 September 2015 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-reservation-stir-Gujarat-HC-orders-FIR-strict-action-against-erring-cops/articleshow/48991186.cms | access-date=2015-09-18 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920032528/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Patidar-reservation-stir-Gujarat-HC-orders-FIR-strict-action-against-erring-cops/articleshow/48991186.cms | archive-date=20 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hpsp2015">{{cite web | title=Hardik Patel's Speech Amounted to Sedition, Gujarat Police Tells High Court | website=NDTV | date=24 September 2015 | url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hardik-patels-speech-amounted-to-sedition-gujarat-police-tells-high-court-1222612 | access-date=2015-09-24 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925104921/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hardik-patels-speech-amounted-to-sedition-gujarat-police-tells-high-court-1222612 | archive-date=25 September 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The court also heard cases on various Patidar leaders in October 2015.<ref name="DeshGujarat 2015"/>

Gujarat High Court quashed the ordinances postponing local body elections citing them as unconstitutional and directed the State Election Commission to hold the elections by 25 December.<ref name="Indiapop2015"/><ref name="India"/>

When the petitions were filed against 10% EBC reservation, it was quashed by the Gujarat High Court in August 2016 citing it as unconstitutional.<ref name="ecbhc2016"/> The government moved to the Supreme Court challenging the order.<ref name="ebchc2016">{{cite web | title=Gujarat EBC quota: Govt to move SC challenging high court decision | website=The Indian Express | date=4 August 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-ebc-quota-govt-to-move-sc-challenging-high-court-decision-2953588/ | access-date=5 August 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805231751/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gujarat-ebc-quota-govt-to-move-sc-challenging-high-court-decision-2953588/ | archive-date=5 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="htquota2016">{{cite news | title=10% EBC quota for poor only a classification, not reservation: Gujarat tells SC | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=10 August 2016 | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-ebc-quota-for-poor-only-a-classification-not-reservation-gujarat-tells-sc/story-q6Cku6mE0ZuaFyvelY3dBK.html | access-date=2016-08-10 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810154828/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-ebc-quota-for-poor-only-a-classification-not-reservation-gujarat-tells-sc/story-q6Cku6mE0ZuaFyvelY3dBK.html | archive-date=10 August 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Supreme Court gave an interim direction to not allow fresh admissions or recruitment under the EBC reservation. The ordinance for EBC reservation lapsed on 4 October.<ref name="4oct016"/>

{{wikinews|Gujarat quota protests turn violent}}
''Power of Patidar'', a film about the agitation, was denied clearance by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name="Langafilm2016">{{cite news | last=Langa | first=Mahesh | title=Censor Board refuses to clear Gujarati film on Patel agitation | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | date=26 July 2016 | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/censor-board-refuses-to-clear-gujarati-film-on-patels-agitation/article8901185.ece | access-date=2016-08-04 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727140433/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/censor-board-refuses-to-clear-gujarati-film-on-patels-agitation/article8901185.ece | archive-date=27 July 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Reservation in India}}
{{Discrimination}}

[[Category:Reservation in India]]
[[Category:Protest marches in India]]
[[Category:Protests in India]]
[[Category:2015 protests]]
[[Category:2016 protests]]
[[Category:2016 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2015 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2010s in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Indian caste movements]]
[[Category:Caste-related violence in India]]
[[Category:Violence in India]]
[[Category:Hate crimes in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in India]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Leopard attack

2026-03-27T08:36:35Z

Aidan93118681: Creating first info v1

{{Short description|Attacks by leopards}}
[[File:Gunsore leopard (Somnapur village, Seoni district).jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Gunsore man-eater after it was shot by British officer W. A. Conduitt on 21 April 1901. Credited with at least 20 human deaths, the leopard was killed on top of its last victim, a child from Somnapur village in the [[Seoni district]], India.<ref name="Conduitt1903">{{cite journal |last1=Conduitt |first1=W. A. |year=1903 |title=A man-eating panther |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=14 |pages=595–597 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbombayn14190203bomb |access-date=22 March 2013}}</ref>]]

'''Leopard attacks''' are attacks inflicted upon humans, other leopards and other animals by the leopard. The frequency of leopard attacks on humans varies by geographical region and historical period. Despite the [[leopard]]'s (''Panthera pardus'') extensive range from [[sub-Saharan Africa]] to [[Southeast Asia]], attacks are regularly reported only in [[India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref name="Athreya2012">{{Cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |last=Athreya |first=V. |date=2012 |title=Conflict resolution and leopard conservation in a human dominated landscape |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5431 |publisher=Manipal University |hdl=10603/5431 |access-date=29 March 2013 |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115082741/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/5431 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Maskeyetal2001">{{Cite report |last1=Maskey |first1=T. M. |last2=Bauer |first2=J. |last3=Cosgriff |first3=K. |date=2001 |title=Village children, leopards and conservation. Patterns of loss of human live through leopards (Panthera pardus) in Nepal |publisher=Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation/Sustainable Tourism CRC |location=Kathmandu, Nepal}}</ref> Among the five "[[big cat]]s", leopards have been known to become [[Man-eating animal|man-eater]]s despite their smaller size compared to [[lion]]s and [[tiger]]s—only [[jaguar]]s and [[snow leopard]]s have a less fearsome reputation.<ref name="Quigley&Herrero2005">{{cite book |last1=Quigley |first1=H. |last2=Herrero |first2=S. |editor1-last=Woodroffe |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Thirgood |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Rabinowitz |editor3-first=A |title=People and wildlife: Conflict or co-existence? |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |pages=27–48 |chapter=Chapter 3: Characterization and prevention of attacks on humans |isbn=9780521825054}}</ref><ref name="Inskip&Zimmermann2009">{{cite journal |last1=Inskip |first1=C. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=A. |year=2009 |title=Human-felid conflict: A review of patterns and priorities worldwide |journal=Oryx |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=18–34 |doi=10.1017/S003060530899030X |doi-access=free }}</ref> However, leopards are established predators of non-human [[primate]]s, sometimes preying on species as large as the [[western lowland gorilla]].<ref name="Fayetal1995">{{cite journal |last1=Fay |first1=J. M. |last2=Carroll |first2=R. |last3=Kerbis-Peterhans |first3=J. C. |last4=Harris |first4=D. |year=1995 |title=Leopard attack on and consumption of gorillas in the Central African Republic |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=93–99 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1995.1048 |bibcode=1995JHumE..29...93F }}</ref> Other primates may make up 80% of the leopard's diet.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Srivastava |first1=K. K. |last2=Bhardwaj |first2=A. K. |last3=Abraham |first3=C. J. |last4=Zacharias |first4=V. J. |year=1996 |title=Food habits of mammalian predators in Periyar Tiger Reserve, South India |journal=The Indian Forester |volume=122 |issue=10 |pages=877–883 |url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/6542 |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120125053/http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/6542 |url-status=live }}</ref> While leopards generally avoid humans, they tolerate proximity to humans better than [[lion]]s and [[tiger]]s, and often come into conflict with humans when raiding livestock.<ref name="Quammen2003">{{cite book |last=Quammen |first=D. |author-link=David Quammen |title=Monster of God: The man-eating predator in the jungles of history and the mind |url=https://archive.org/details/monsterofgodman00quam |url-access=registration |access-date=20 March 2013 |year=2003 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |isbn=9780393326093 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/monsterofgodman00quam/page/55 55]–61}}</ref>

[[Indian leopard]] attacks may have peaked during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, coinciding with rapid urbanization.<ref name="Quigley&Herrero2005"/> Attacks in India are still relatively common, and in some regions of the country leopards kill more humans than all other [[megafauna|large]] [[carnivore]]s combined.<ref name="Kimothi2011">{{cite news |title=Losers on both sides as man-animal war rages |author=Kimothi, P. |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/315623/Losers-on-both-sides-as-man-animal-war-rages.html |newspaper=The Pioneer |date=February 5, 2011 |access-date=22 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302143321/http://www.dailypioneer.com/315623/Losers-on-both-sides-as-man-animal-war-rages.html |archive-date=March 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Athreyaetal2004">{{Cite report |author=Athreya, V. R. |author2=Thakur, S. S. |author3=Chaudhuri, S. |author4=Belsare, A. V. |date=2004 |title=A study of the man-leopard conflict in the Junnar Forest Division, Pune District, Maharashtra |url=http://www.projectwaghoba.in/docs/junnar_conflict_report_athreya_et_2004_condensed.pdf |publisher=Submitted to the Office of the Chief Wildlife Warden, Maharashtra State Forest Department, and the Wildlife Protection Society of India, New Delhi, India |access-date=2019-08-26 |archive-date=2020-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205233453/http://www.projectwaghoba.in/docs/junnar_conflict_report_athreya_et_2004_condensed.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttarakhand]], and [[West Bengal]] experience the most severe human–leopard conflict. In Nepal, most attacks occur in the midland regions (the [[Terai]], midhills, and [[lesser Himalaya]]).<ref name="Maskeyetal2001"/> One study concluded that the rate of leopard predation on humans in Nepal is 16 times higher than anywhere else, resulting in approximately 1.9 human deaths annually per million inhabitants, averaging 55 kills per year.<ref name="Maskeyetal2001"/> In the former [[Soviet Central Asia]], [[Persian leopard|leopard]] attacks have been reported in the [[Caucasus]], Turkmenia (present day [[Turkmenistan]]), and the [[Lankaran]] region of present-day [[Azerbaijan]]. Rare attacks have occurred in [[China]].<ref name="HeptnerSludskiy1972">{{cite book |last1=Heptner |first1=V. G. |last2=Sludskii |first2=A. A. |orig-year=1972 |year=1992 |title=Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola |trans-title=Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |location=Washington DC |chapter=Bars (Leopard) |url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/n0/mode/2up |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mammalsofsov221992gept#page/82/mode/2up |pages=269–271 |isbn=978-90-04-08876-4}}</ref>

== Leopard predation on hominids ==
[[File:Man being attacked by a panther - Sala della Sfinge - Domus aurea - Rome - 2.png|thumb|Panther attacks a man. [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[fresco]] in the Sala della Sfinge, [[Domus Aurea]], Rome, 65-68 A.D.]]
In 1970, South African paleontologist [[Charles Kimberlin Brain|C. K. Brain]] showed that a juvenile ''[[Paranthropus robustus]]'' individual, SK 54, had been killed by a leopard at [[Swartkrans]] in [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa]] approximately 1.8 million years ago.<ref name="Brain1970">{{cite journal |last1=Brain |first1=C. K. |author-link=Charles Kimberlin Brain |year=1970 |title=New finds at the Swartkrans australopithecine site |journal=Nature |volume=225 |issue=5238 |pages=1112–1119 |doi=10.1038/2251112a0 |pmid=5418243 |bibcode=1970Natur.225.1112B |s2cid=4183327 }}</ref><ref name="Brain1981">{{cite book |last=Brain |first=C. K. |author-link=Charles Kimberlin Brain |title=The hunters or the hunted?: An introduction to African cave taphonomy |year=1981 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=9780226070896 |pages=97–98, 266–274}}</ref> The SK 54 cranium bears two holes in the back of the skull—holes that perfectly match the width and spacing of lower leopard canine teeth. The leopard appears to have dragged its kill into a tree to eat in seclusion, much like leopards do today.<ref name="Brain1970"/> Numerous leopard fossils have been found at the site, suggesting that the felids were predators of early hominids.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lee-Thorp |first1=J. |last2=Thackeray |first2=J. F. |last3=Van der Merwe |first3=N. |year=2000 |title=The hunters and the hunted revisited |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=565–576 |doi=10.1006/jhev.2000.0436 |pmid=11102267 |bibcode=2000JHumE..39..565L }}</ref> The revelation that these injuries were not the result of interpersonal aggression but were leopard-inflicted dealt a fatal blow to the then-popular [[killer ape theory]].<ref name="Hart&Sussman2005">{{cite book |last1=Hart |first1=D. L. |last2=Sussman |first2=R. W. |title=Man the hunted: Primates, predators, and human evolution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnCri7yNDLgC&pg=PA1 |year=2005 |publisher=Westview Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=9780813339368 |pages=1–11, 60–62 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Another hominid fossil consisting of a 6-million-year-old ''[[Orrorin tugenensis]]'' femur (BAR 1003'00), recovered from the [[Tugen Hills]] in [[Kenya]], preserves puncture damage tentatively identified as leopard bite marks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gommery |first1=G. |last2=Pickford |first2=M. |last3=Senut |first3=B. |year=2007 |title=A case of carnivore-inflicted damage to a fossil femur from Swartkrans, comparable to that on a hominid femur representing Orrorin tugenensis, BAR 1003'00 (Kenya) |journal=Annals of the Transvaal Museum |volume=44 |pages=215–218 |hdl=10499/AJ6687 |issn=0041-1752 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10499/AJ6687 |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116082337/https://journals.co.za/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This fossil evidence, along with modern studies of primate–leopard interaction, has fueled speculation that leopard predation played a major role in primate evolution, particularly on cognitive development.<ref name="Zuberbuhler&Jenny2002">{{cite journal |last1=Zuberbühler |first1=K. |last2=Jenny |first2=D. |year=2002 |title=Leopard predation and primate evolution |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=873–886 |doi=10.1006/jhev.2002.0605 |pmid=12473487 |bibcode=2002JHumE..43..873Z |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/278634/files/Zuberbuhler_K.-Leopard_predation_20170202124152-KH.pdf |access-date=2019-02-13 |archive-date=2018-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719184204/http://doc.rero.ch/record/278634/files/Zuberbuhler_K.-Leopard_predation_20170202124152-KH.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Human–leopard conflict ==
Reducing human–leopard conflict has proven difficult. Conflict tends to increase during periods of drought or when the leopard's natural prey becomes scarce. Shrinking leopard habitat and growing human populations also increase conflict. In [[Uganda]], retaliatory attacks on humans increased when starving villagers began expropriating leopards' kills (a feeding strategy known as [[kleptoparasitism]]).<ref name="Treves&Naughton-Treves1999">{{cite journal |last1=Treves |first1=A. |last2=Naughton-Treves |first2=L. |year=2009 |title=Risk and opportunity for humans coexisting with large carnivores |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=275–282 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1998.0268 |pmid=10074384}}</ref> The economic damage resulting from loss of livestock to carnivores caused villagers in [[Bhutan]]'s [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park]] to lose more than two-thirds of their annual cash income in 2000, with leopards blamed for 53% of the losses.<ref name="Wang&Macdonald2006">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=S. W. |last2=Macdonald |first2=D. W. |year=2006 |title=Livestock predation by carnivores in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=129 |issue=4 |pages=558–565 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.024 |bibcode=2006BCons.129..558W }}</ref> Like other large carnivores, leopards are capable of [[surplus killing]]. Under normal conditions, prey are too scarce for this behavior, but when the opportunity presents itself leopards may instinctually kill in excess for later consumption.<ref name="Kruuk2002">{{cite book |last=Kruuk |first=H. |title=Hunter and hunted: Relationships between carnivores and people |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521814102 |pages=51–53, 58–60, 104}}</ref> One [[African leopard|leopard]] in [[Cape Province]], [[South Africa]] killed 51 sheep and lambs in a single incident.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stuart |first1=C. T. |year=1986 |title=The incidence of surplus killing by Panthera pardus and Felis caracal in Cape Province, South Africa |journal=Mammalia |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=556–558 |issn=0025-1461 |doi=10.1515/mamm.1986.50.4.553 }}</ref>

[[Species translocation|Translocation]] (the capture, transport, and release) of "problem leopards", as with other territorial felids, is generally ineffective: translocated leopards either immediately return or other leopards move in and claim the vacant territory. One translocated leopard in Cape Province traveled nearly {{convert|500|km|mi}} to return to his old territory.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Jewell, P. A. |date=1982 |title=Conservation of the cheetah: Should cheetah be moved to distant areas? |url=http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/I_and_J/Jewell_et_al_1982_Should_cheetah_be_moved_to_distant_areas.pdf |publisher=Unpublished workshop report, International Fund for Animal Welfare |location=Cambridge |access-date=27 March 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012062536/http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/I_and_J/Jewell_et_al_1982_Should_cheetah_be_moved_to_distant_areas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Translocations are also expensive, tend to result in high mortality (up to 70%), and may make leopards more aggressive towards humans, thus failing as both a management and a conservation strategy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Athreya |first1=V. |last2=Odden |first2=M. |last3=Linnell |first3=J. D. C. |last4=Karanth |first4=K. U. |year=2011 |title=Translocation as a tool for mitigating conflict with leopards in human-dominated landscapes of India |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=133–141 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01599.x |pmid=21054526 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Athreya |first1=V. R. |last2=Thakur |first2=S. S. |last3=Chaudhuri |first3=S. |last4=Belsare |first4=A. V. |year=2007 |title=Leopards in human-dominated areas: A spillover from sustained translocations into nearby forests? |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=45–50 |issn=0006-6982 }}</ref><ref name="Treves&Karanth2003">{{cite journal |last1=Treves |first1=A. |last2=Karanth |first2=K. U. |year=2003 |title=Human-carnivore conflict and perspectives on carnivore management worldwide |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1491–1499 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00059.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Linnell |first1=J. D. C. |last2=Aanes |first2=R. |last3=Swenson |first3=J. E. |last4=Odden |first4=J. |last5=Smith |first5=M. E. |year=1997 |title=Translocation of carnivores as a method for managing problem animals: A review |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1245–1257 |doi=10.1023/B:BIOC.0000034011.05412.cd |bibcode=1997BiCon...6.1245L |s2cid=32511170 }}</ref> Historically, lethal control of problem animals was the primary method of conflict management. Although this remains the situation in many countries,<ref name="Treves&Karanth2003"/> leopards are afforded the highest legal protection in India under the [[Wildlife Protection Act of 1972]]—only man-eaters can be killed and only when they are considered likely to continue to prey on humans.<ref>{{Cite report |author= |date=2011 |title=Guidelines for human-leopard conflict management |url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/guidelines-human-leopard-conflict-management.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India |page=17 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223020430/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/guidelines-human-leopard-conflict-management.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Uttarakhand, the state with the most severe human–leopard conflict, 45 leopards were legally declared man-eaters and shot by wildlife officials between 2001 and 2010.<ref name="Athreya2012"/>

Where legal, herders may shoot at leopards who prey on their livestock. An injured leopard may become an exclusive predator of livestock if it is unable to kill normal prey, since domesticated animals typically lack natural defenses.<ref name="Linnelletal1999">{{cite journal |last1=Linnell |first1=J. D. C. |last2=Odden |first2=J. |last3=Smith |first3=M. E. |last4=Aanes |first4=R. |last5=Swenson |first5=J. E. |year=1999 |title=Large carnivores that kill livestock: Do "problem individuals" really exist? |journal=Wildlife Society Bulletin |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=698–705 |jstor=3784091 }}</ref> Frequent livestock-raiding may cause leopards to lose their fear of humans, and shooting injuries may have caused some leopards to become man-eaters. There has been increasing acceptance that the "problem leopard" paradigm may be [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphization]] of normal carnivore behavior, and that translocations are unlikely to stop livestock depredation.<ref name="Athreya2012"/><ref name="Linnelletal1999"/> In an effort to reduce the shooting of "problem leopards" and lessen the financial burden on herders, some governments provide monetary compensation, although the sum is often less than the value of the lost livestock.<ref name="Athreya2012"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto%; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:left; font-size: 85%;"
|-
|+ style="background:#66a; color:#fff;" | Number of human deaths due to leopard attacks†
|- style="border-bottom:3px solid #ccf;"
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Region
! scope="col" | Deaths
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Ref
|-
| rowspan=17 | '''India'''
| [[Indian subcontinent]] ‡
| style="text-align:right;"| 11,909
| style="text-align:right;"| 1875–1912
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>Compiled from official British records available at the [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/ Digital South Asia Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308174813/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/statistics/ |date=2021-03-08 }} (University of Chicago and the Center for Research Libraries). 
'''1.''' "[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1867&object=133 Number of persons and cattle killed in British India by wild beasts and snakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419093332/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1867&object=133 |date=2021-04-19 }}", ''Statistical abstract relating to British India from 1867–68 to 1876–77'', (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office): p. 132, 1878, retrieved 30 March 2013. 
'''2.''' "[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1876&object=241 Number of persons and cattle killed in British India by wild beasts and snakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417232237/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1876&object=241 |date=2021-04-17 }}", ''Statistical abstract relating to British India from 1876–77 to 1885–86'', (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office): p. 240, 1887, retrieved 30 March 2013. 
'''3.''' "[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1885&object=274 Number of persons and cattle killed in British India by wild beasts and snakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418002751/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=Statistics_1885&object=274 |date=2021-04-18 }}", ''Statistical abstract relating to British India from 1885–86 to 1894–95'', (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office): p. 268, 1896, retrieved 30 March 2013. 
'''4.''' "[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=statistical_1894&object=248 Number of persons and cattle killed in British India by wild animals and snakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418004630/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=statistical_1894&object=248 |date=2021-04-18 }}", ''Statistical abstract relating to British India from 1894–95 to 1903–04'', (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office): p. 238, 1905, retrieved 30 March 2013. 
'''5.''' "[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=statistical_1903&object=250 Number of persons and cattle killed in British India by wild animals and snakes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418000329/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=statistical_1903&object=250 |date=2021-04-18 }}", ''Statistical abstract relating to British India from 1903–04 to 1912–13'', (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office): p. 240, 1915, retrieved 30 March 2013.</ref>
|-
| [[Bhagalpur district]], [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 350
| style="text-align:right;"| 1959–1962
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Quammen2003"/>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 239
| style="text-align:right;"| 2000–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Marker&Sivamani2009">{{cite journal |last1=Marker |first1=L. |last2=Sivamani |first2=S. |year=2009 |title=Policy for human-leopard conflict management in India |journal=Cat News |volume=50 |pages=23–26 |url=http://www.catsg.org/catsglib/pdfs/Marker_&_Sivamani_2009_Policy_for_human_leopard_conflict_management_in_India.pdf |access-date=22 March 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| Throughout India (mainly [[Uttarakhand]])
| style="text-align:right;"| 170
| style="text-align:right;"| 1982–1989
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Johnsinghetal1991">{{cite book |editor1-last=Maruyama |editor1-first=N. |editor2-last=Bobek |editor2-first=B. |editor3-last=Ono |editor3-first=Y. |editor4-last=Regelin |editor4-first=W. |editor5-last=Bartos |editor5-first=L. |editor6-last=Ratcliffe |editor6-first=P. R. |last1=Johnsingh |first1=A. J. T. |last2=Panwar |first2=H. S. |last3=Rodgers |first3=W. A. |contribution=Ecology and conservation of large felids in India |title=Wildlife conservation: Present trends and perspectives for the 21st century |year=1991 |publisher=Japan Wildlife Research Center |location=Yokohama |oclc=749891670 |pages=160–165}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pauri Garhwal district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 140
| style="text-align:right;"| 1988–2000
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>{{Cite report |author=Goyal, S. P. |author2=Chauhan, D. S. |author3=Agrawal, M. K. |author4=Thapa, R. |date=2000 |title=A study on distribution, relative abundance and food habits of leopard (Panthera pardus) in Garhwal Himalayas |url=http://carnivorecology.free.fr/pdf/leopardgarhwal.PDF |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |location=Dehradun |access-date=22 March 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073553/http://carnivorecology.free.fr/pdf/leopardgarhwal.PDF |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Garhwal division]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 125
| style="text-align:right;"| 1918–1926
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Corbett1948">{{cite book |last=Corbett |first=E. J. |author-link=Jim Corbett |title=The man-eating leopard of Rudraprayag |url=https://archive.org/details/TheMan-eatingLeopardOfRudraprayag1947 |access-date=29 March 2013 |year=1948 |publisher=Oxford University Press | location=London |oclc=424546}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 105
| style="text-align:right;"| 1994–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>'''1.''' {{cite web |url=http://www.gujaratforest.org/man-con.htm |title=Man–animal conflict |author= |date=20 July 2012 |publisher=Forest Department, Government of Gujarat |access-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723023649/http://www.gujaratforest.org/man-con.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2012 }} '''2.''' {{cite journal |last1=Marker |first1=L. |last2=Sivamani |first2=S. |year=2009 |title=Policy for human-leopard conflict management in India |journal=Cat News |volume=50 |pages=23–26 |url=http://www.catsg.org/catsglib/pdfs/Marker_&_Sivamani_2009_Policy_for_human_leopard_conflict_management_in_India.pdf |access-date=22 March 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 95
| style="text-align:right;"| 1988–1998
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Hart&Sussman2005"/>
|-
| [[Junagadh district]], [[Gujarat]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 29
| style="text-align:right;"| 1990–2012
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>'''1.''' {{cite news |title=Leopards kill 12 in Junagadh, injure 48 in one year |author=Shastri, P. |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-25/ahmedabad/37288386_1_leopard-attacks-forest-officials-sugarcane-fields |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034603/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-25/ahmedabad/37288386_1_leopard-attacks-forest-officials-sugarcane-fields |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |date=February 25, 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 March 2013 }} '''2.''' {{Cite journal |last1=Vijayan |first1=S. |last2=Pati |first2=B. P. |year=2002 |title=Impact of changing cropping patterns on man–animal conflicts around Gir Protected Area with specific reference to Talala sub-district, Gujarat, India |journal=Population and Environment |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=541–559 |doi=10.1023/A:1016317819552 |bibcode=2002PopEn..23..541V |s2cid=153387576 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 18
| style="text-align:right;"| 2001–2003
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Athreyaetal2004"/>
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 17
| style="text-align:right;"| 2004–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Nabietal2009b">{{cite journal |last1=Nabi |first1=D. G. |last2=Tak |first2=S. R. |last3=Kangoo |first3=K. A. |last4=Halwai |first4=M. A. |year=2009 |title=Injuries from leopard attacks in Kashmir |journal=Injury |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=90–92 |doi=10.1016/j.injury.2008.05.033 |pmid=19121828 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]], [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 16
| style="text-align:right;"| 1986–1996
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Quammen2003"/>
|-
| [[North Bengal]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 15
| style="text-align:right;"| 1990–2008
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>'''1.''' {{Cite report |date=1997 |author=WWF–India |title=Leopard study report |publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature |page=49 |location=New Delhi, India }} '''2.''' {{cite journal |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=A. |last2=Parthasarathy |first2=N. |year=2013 |title=Coexisting with large carnivores: A case study from western Duars, India |journal=Human Dimensions of Wildlife |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=20–31 |doi=10.1080/10871209.2012.698403 |bibcode=2013HDW....18...20B |s2cid=144327894 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Mandi district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 13
| style="text-align:right;"| 1987–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Kumar&Chauhan2011">{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=D. |last2=Chauhan |first2=N. P. S. |year=2011 |title=Human-leopard conflict in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India |journal=Julius-Kühn-Archiv |volume=432 |pages=180–181 |doi=10.5073/jka.2011.432.098 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Chikkamagaluru district]], [[Karnataka]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 11
| style="text-align:right;"| 1995
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Athreyaetal2004"/>
|-
| [[Kanha National Park]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1961–1965
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Schaller1967">{{cite book |last=Schaller |first=G. B. |author-link=George Schaller |title=The deer and the tiger: A study of wildlife in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOVGHXfod0wC&pg=PA311 |access-date=29 March 2013 |year=1967 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=9780226736310 |page=311 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116082210/https://books.google.com/books?id=KOVGHXfod0wC&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 6
| style="text-align:right;"| 2000–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Marker&Sivamani2009"/>
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''Nepal'''
| [[Baitadi district]], [[Mahakali zone]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 15
| style="text-align:right;"| 2010–2012
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>{{cite news |title=Leopard suspected of eating 15 people in Nepal |author=Shrestha, M. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/03/world/asia/nepal-leopard-deaths |publisher=CNN |date=November 3, 2012 |access-date=21 March 2013 |archive-date=8 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408081613/http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/03/world/asia/nepal-leopard-deaths |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Pokhara Valley]], [[Gandaki zone]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 12
| style="text-align:right;"| 1987–1989
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>'''1.''' {{cite journal|author= |year=1989 |title=Leopard attacks in Nepal |journal=Cat News |volume=9 |url=http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn09-11.htm |access-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321223405/http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn09-11.htm |archive-date=March 21, 2005 }} '''2.''' {{cite journal|author= |year=1987 |title=Man-eating leopard in Nepal |journal=Cat News |volume=6 |url=http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn06-05.htm |access-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321223338/http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn06-05.htm |archive-date=March 21, 2005 }} '''3.''' {{cite journal|author= |year=1989 |title=Leopard stoned to death |journal=Cat News |volume=11 |url=http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn11-04.htm |access-date=29 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318120646/http://lynx.uio.no/catfolk/cnissues/cn11-04.htm |archive-date=March 18, 2005 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''Pakistan'''
| [[Ayubia National Park]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 12
| style="text-align:right;"| 1989–2006
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Lodhi2007">{{Cite thesis |type=M. S. |title=Conservation of leopard in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan |url=http://www.cfc.umt.edu/nwfp/docs/AsadLodhiFinalPP.pdf |author=Lodhi, A. |year=2007 |publisher=University of Montana |access-date=29 March 2013 |pages=19–20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229214140/http://www.cfc.umt.edu/nwfp/docs/AsadLodhiFinalPP.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Machiara National Park]], [[Azad Kashmir]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2004–2007
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Daretal2009">{{cite journal |last1=Dar |first1=N. I. |last2=Minhas |first2=R. A. |last3=Zaman |first3=Q. |last4=Linkie |first4=M. |year=2009 |title=Predicting the patterns, perceptions and causes of human–carnivore conflict in and around Machiara National Park, Pakistan |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=142 |issue=10 |pages=2076–2082 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.003 |bibcode=2009BCons.142.2076D }}</ref>
|-
|| '''Somalia'''
| [[Golis Mountains]], [[Togdheer]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 100
| style="text-align:right;"| c. 1889
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Swayne1899"/>
|-
|| '''South Africa'''
| [[Kruger National Park]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1992–2003
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>'''1.''' {{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ranger-hands-it-to-leopard-20031219 |title=Ranger hands it to leopard |author= |date=19 December 2003 |publisher=News24 |access-date=29 March 2013 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303172412/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ranger-hands-it-to-leopard-20031219 |url-status=live }} '''2.''' {{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/xArchive/Archive/Leopard-in-territory-battle-20010308 |title=Leopard in territory battle? |author=Lubisi, D. |date=8 March 2001 |publisher=News24 |access-date=29 March 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074052/http://www.news24.com/xArchive/Archive/Leopard-in-territory-battle-20010308 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|| '''Sri Lanka'''
| [[Punanai]], [[Batticaloa district]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 12
| style="text-align:right;"| 1923–1924
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref>{{cite book |last1=Jayewardene |first1=R. |last2=Kumara |first2=J. |last3=Miththapala |first3=S. |last4=Perera |first4=H. |last5=Samarasinha |first5=R. |last6=Santiapillai |first6=C. |last7=Seidensticker |first7=J. |title=For the leopard: A tribute to the Sri Lankan leopard |year=2002 |publisher=Leopard Trust |location=Colombo, Sri Lanka |isbn=9789558798003 |page=30}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''Zambia'''
| [[Chambezi River]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 67
| style="text-align:right;"| 1936–1937
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Brelsford1950">{{cite journal |last1=Brelsford |first1=V. |year=1950 |title=Unusual Events in Animal Life—IV |journal=African Wild Life |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=67 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Luangwa River]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1938
| style="text-align:right;"| <ref name="Brelsford1950"/>
|-
| colspan="5" style="width:382px;"| † No comprehensive global database of fatal leopard attacks exists, and many countries do not keep official records. Due to the fragmentary nature of the data, the deaths reproduced here should be considered minimum figures only. ‡ The territories forming [[British Raj|British India]] ([[Bangladesh]], [[Burma]], India, and Pakistan)
|}

== Man-eaters ==

=== Characteristics ===
The leopard is largely a nocturnal hunter. For its size, it is the most powerful large felid after the jaguar, able to drag a carcass larger than itself up a tree.<ref name="Nowak2005">{{cite book |last=Nowak |first=R. M. |title=Walker's carnivores of the world |year=2005 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Maryland |isbn=9780801880339 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore0000nowa/page/264 264–268] |url=https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore0000nowa/page/264 }}</ref> Leopards can run more than {{convert|60|km/h}}, leap more than {{convert|6|m|ft}} horizontally and {{convert|3|m|ft}} vertically, and have a more developed sense of smell than tigers.<ref name="Nowak2005"/> They are strong climbers and can descend down a tree headfirst.<ref name="Nowak2005"/> Man-eating leopards have earned a reputation as being particularly bold and difficult to track. British hunters [[Jim Corbett]] (1875–1955) and [[Kenneth Anderson (writer)|Kenneth Anderson]] (1910–1974) wrote that hunting leopards presented more challenges than any other animal.<ref name="Nowell&Jackson1996">{{cite book |editor1-first=K. |editor1-last=Nowell |editor2-first=P. |editor2-last=Jackson |title=Wild cats: Status survey and conservation action plan |access-date=21 March 2013 |year=1996 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |location=Gland, Switzerland |isbn=9782831700458 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OxfxlpfXNtcC&pg=PA194 |pages=193–195 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Anderson1955">{{cite book |first=K. |last=Anderson |title=Nine man-eaters and one rogue |access-date=21 March 2013 |year=1955 |publisher=E. P. Dutton |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/NineMan-eatersAndOneRogue1954 |oclc=529362 |pages=36–51}}</ref> Indian naturalist [[J. C. Daniel (naturalist)|J. C. Daniel]] (1927–2011), former curator of the [[Bombay Natural History Society]], reprinted many early twentieth-century accounts of man-eating leopards in his book ''The Leopard in India: A Natural History'' (Dehradun: Natraj Publishers, 2009). One such account in the ''[[Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society]]'' describes the unique danger posed by leopards: <blockquote>Like the tiger, the panther [leopard] sometimes takes to man-eating, and a man-eating panther is even more to be dreaded than a tiger with similar tastes, on account of its greater agility, and also its greater stealthiness and silence. It can stalk and jump, and...can climb better than a tiger, and it can also conceal itself in astonishingly meager cover, often displaying uncanny intelligence in this act. A man-eating panther frequently breaks through the frail walls of village huts and carries away children and even adults as they lie asleep.<ref name="Quammen2003"/> </blockquote>

One study concluded that only 9 of 152 documented man-eating leopards were female.<ref name="Turnbull-Kemp1967">{{cite book |last=Turnbull-Kemp |first=P. |title=The leopard |year=1967 |publisher=Howard Timmins |location=Cape Town |oclc=715383208 |pages=130–146}}</ref> Drawing on the sex and physical condition of 78 man-eating leopards, the same study concluded that man-eaters were typically uninjured mature males (79.5%), with a fewer number of aged and immature males (11.6% and 3.8%, respectively).<ref name="Turnbull-Kemp1967"/> Once a leopard has killed and eaten a human, they are likely to persist as man-eaters—they may even show a nearly exclusive preference for humans.<ref name="Brain1981"/> In "Man-Eaters of Kumaon", Jim Corbett mentioned that leopards are driven to man-eating by acquiring a taste for human flesh due to scavenging on corpses thrown into the jungle during an epidemic and also due to humans being an easier catch, than other species they prey upon. He wrote,"A leopard, in an area in which his natural food is scarce, finding these bodies very soon acquires a taste for human flesh, and when the disease dies down and normal conditions are established, he very naturally, on finding his food supply cut off, takes to killing human beings". Of the two man-eating leopards of Kumaon, which between them killed 525 people, the Panar Leopard followed on the heels of a very severe outbreak of cholera, while the [[Leopard of Rudraprayag|Rudraprayag Leopard]] followed the [[1918 flu pandemic|1918 influenza epidemic]] which was particularly deadly in India.<ref>''The Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag'', [[Jim Corbett]], Oxford university press, {{ISBN|0-19-562256-1}}</ref> Corbett wrote that the [[Leopard of Rudraprayag|Rudraprayag man-eater]] once broke into a pen holding 40 goats, but instead of attacking the livestock it killed and ate the sleeping 14-year-old boy who had been assigned to guard them.

Leopard attacks on humans tend to occur at night, and often close to villages. There have been documented incidents of leopards forcing their way into human dwellings at night and attacking the inhabitants in their sleep.<ref name="Loe&Roskaft2004">{{cite journal |last1=Löe |first1=J. |last2=Röskaft |first2=E. |year=2004 |title=Large carnivores and human safety: A review |journal=Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=283–288 |doi=10.1579/0044-7447-33.6.283 |pmid=15387060 |bibcode=2004Ambio..33..283L |s2cid=37886162}}</ref> A number of fatal attacks have also occurred in zoos and homes with pet leopards.<ref name="Bahrametal2004">{{cite journal |last1=Bahram |first1=R. |last2=Burke |first2=J. E. |last3=Lanzi |first3=G. L. |year=2004 |title=Head and neck injury from a leopard attack: Case report and review of the literature |journal=Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=247–249 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2003.04.015 |pmid=14762761 }}</ref><ref name="Cohleetal1990">{{cite journal |last1=Cohle |first1=S. D. |last2=Harlan |first2=C. W. |last3=Harlan |first3=G. |year=1990 |title=Fatal big cat attacks |journal=American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=208–212 |pmid=2220706 |doi=10.1097/00000433-199009000-00007|s2cid=27798371 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hejna |first1=P. |year=2010 |title=A fatal leopard attack |journal=Journal of Forensic Sciences |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=832–834 |doi=10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01329.x |pmid=20202061 |s2cid=9055717 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vogel |first1=J. S. |last2=Parker |first2=J. R. |last3=Jordan |first3=F. B. |last4=Coury |first4=T. L. |last5=Vernino |first5=A. R. |year=2000 |title=Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) attack in Oklahoma: Case report |journal=American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=264–269 |pmid=10990290 |doi=10.1097/00000433-200009000-00017}}</ref> During predatory attacks, leopards typically bite their prey's throat or the [[nape]] of the neck, lacerating or severing [[jugular veins]] and [[carotid arteries]], causing rapid [[exsanguination]]. The spine may be crushed and the skull perforated, exposing the brain.<ref name="Nabietal2009b"/><ref name="Bahrametal2004"/><ref name="Cohleetal1990"/> Survivors of attacks typically suffer extensive trauma to the head, neck, and face. Multibacterial infection resulting from the contamination of wounds by leopard oral flora occurs in 5–30% of attack survivors, complicating recovery.<ref name="Bahrametal2004"/> Before the advent of antibiotics, 75% of attack survivors died from infection.<ref>{{cite book |last=Auerbach |first=P. S. |title=Wilderness Medicine |url=http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-1678-8..00056-8--s0185&isbn=978-1-4377-1678-8&type=bookPage&from=content&uniqId=407044750-2 |access-date=29 March 2013 |year=2012 |publisher=Mosby |location=Philadelphia |isbn=9781437716788 |edition=6th |pages=1114–1115 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040012/http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-1678-8..00056-8--s0185&isbn=978-1-4377-1678-8&type=bookPage&from=content&uniqId=407044750-2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Notable man-eaters ===
[[File:PanarManeater.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Panar Leopard killed by Jim Corbett]]
[[File:Corbett4.jpg|thumb|200px|British hunter [[Jim Corbett]] poses after shooting the [[Leopard of Rudraprayag|Rudraprayag leopard]] on 2 May 1926]]
*Leopard of Panar: The Leopard of Panar was a male leopard reported as being responsible for at least 400 fatal attacks on humans in the Panar region of the [[Almora district]], situated in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] Northern India in the early 20th century. Jim Corbett heard of the leopard while hunting the [[Champawat tiger]] in 1907, and in 1910 he set out to kill it. Although it apparently claimed significantly more lives than the Rudraprayag man-eater, the Panar man-eater received less attention from the British Indian press, which Corbett attributed to the remoteness of Almora.<ref name="Corbett1954">{{cite book |last=Corbett |first=E. J. |author-link=Jim Corbett |title=The temple tiger and more man-eaters of Kumaon |url=https://archive.org/details/TheTempleTigerAndMoreMan-eatersOfKumaon1954 |access-date=29 March 2013 |year=1954 |publisher=Oxford University Press | location=London |oclc=1862625 |pages=64–86}}</ref>
*[[Leopard of the Central Provinces]]
*[[Leopard of Rudraprayag]]
*[[Leopard of Gummalapur]]
*[[Leopard of the Yellagiri Hills]]
*Leopard of the Golis Range: In 1899 British officer [[Harald George Carlos Swayne|H. G. C. Swayne]] (1860–1940) wrote of a man-eating leopard that had allegedly killed more than 100 humans in the [[Golis Mountains]] of [[British Somaliland]]. Swayne's brief account appears in the volume ''Great and Small Game of Africa'' (London: Roland Ward, 1899), edited by the prominent British naturalist [[Henry Bryden]] (1854–1937):<blockquote>In 1889 there was a leopard, said to be a panther, which had haunted the Mirso ledge of the Golis range for some years, and was supposed to have killed over a hundred people. It was in the habit of lying in wait at a corner of a very dark, rough jungle path, where huge rocks overlooked the track; and the Somalis used to show a boulder, some 6 feet high, a yard from the path, in the flat top of which was a depression shaped like a panther's body, from which the beast was said to spring upon travellers.<ref name="Swayne1899">{{cite book |editor1-last=Bryden |editor1-first=H. A. |last1=Swayne |first1=H. G. C. |title=Great and small game of Africa: An account of the distribution, habits, and natural history of the sporting mammals, with personal hunting experiences |location=London |publisher=Roland Ward |year=1899 |pages=575–579 |chapter=The leopard in Somaliland |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/greatsmallgameof00majo |oclc=11014130}}</ref></blockquote> According to Swayne, leopards were more abundant in the Golis Mountains than anywhere else in British Somaliland, and were responsible for 90% of all attacks on sheep and goats. The rocky terrain of the Golis made tracking and killing leopards next to impossible.<ref name="Swayne1899"/> At the time of the attacks, this remote territory remained largely unexplored by the British, and little else is known of the Golis Range man-eater.
*Leopard of the Mulher Valley: In 1903 L. S. Osmaston (1870–1969), a conservator employed by the [[Imperial Forestry Service]], reported that a man-eating leopard had killed more than 30 humans in the [[Mulher|Mulher Valley]] between 1901 and 1902.<ref name="Osmaston1903">{{cite journal |last1=Osmaston |first1=L. S. |year=1904 |title=A man-eating panther |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=15 |pages=135–138 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbombayn15bomb |access-date=22 March 2013}}</ref> Osmaston twice set out to kill the leopard in February and March 1902, but was unsuccessful. His forestry work required him to leave Mulher later that month, and he was unable to return until late November. The leopard's last attack occurred a few days later on 3 December:<blockquote>I heard a boy of 15 had been killed at Wadai, {{convert|4|mi|km|0|disp=sqbr}} from my camp; this boy was most unfortunate. Last year the panther had tried to get him, but only mauled one leg; my wife and I were able to dose the wound with carbolic oil and the boy got well; this time he and one or two others were sitting close to a bright fire on a threshing floor near the village in the early part of the night and the panther came and carried him off: the panther took him about a quarter of a mile [400 m] to a patch of high grass and brushwood and ate all he could of the head, the flesh of one leg and all his inside; so there was plenty left for the beast to come back for.<ref name="Osmaston1903"/></blockquote> Osmaston constructed a [[hunting blind|blind]] {{convert|11|m|ft}} from the boy's corpse and waited. The leopard returned to the area in the afternoon, but cautiously avoided approaching the body until after dark. When it finally ventured within shooting range, Osmaston fired with his double-barreled [[express (weaponry)|express rifle]]. The injured animal darted off into the night, and was killed the following morning when it was discovered alive some distance away. Osmaston speculated that the attacks began during the [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]], the leopard having taken to man-eating after killing a dying person in the jungle. He also believed the man-eater was responsible for other fatal attacks in the nearby [[Dang District, India|Dang]] and [[Dhule district]]s, but did not know the exact number of fatalities.<ref name="Osmaston1903"/>
*Leopard of Kahani: [[Robert Armitage Sterndale|Robert A. Sterndale]] (1839–1902) and [[James Forsyth (traveller)|James Forsyth]] (1838–1871) gave accounts of a man-eating leopard that killed "nearly a hundred persons" in the [[Seoni district]] between 1857 and 1860. When Sterndale received word of the attacks he pursued the man-eater with his brother-in-law, W. Brooke Thomson, but their efforts proved fruitless.<ref name="Sterndale1877">{{cite book |last=Sterndale |first=R. A. |author-link=Robert Armitage Sterndale |title=Seonee; Or, camp life on the Satpura Range: A tale of Indian adventure |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924079586685 |access-date=22 March 2013 |year=1877 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington |location=London |oclc=27112858 |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924079586685/page/n397 370]–384, 452}}</ref> The breakout of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] sent Sterndale away for two years and ended his chance to capture the man-eater. The leopard evaded all attempts by locals to kill it and terrorized the villages of Dhuma and Kahani, sometimes killing three humans in a single night. According to Sterndale, the leopard preferred to consume blood rather than flesh, and most bodies showed few injuries other than telltale bite marks to the throat. A large reward was offered for the leopard's capture, and it was then unexpectedly killed one night by an inexperienced native hunter.<ref name="Sterndale1877"/> When Forsyth passed through Seoni several years later, the leopard's story had become legendary. He later recounted a myth he had heard from the locals:<blockquote>A man and his wife were travelling back to their home from a pilgrimage to Benares, when they met on the road a panther. The woman was terrified; but the man said, "Fear not, I possess a charm by which I can transform myself into any shape. I will now become a panther, and remove this obstacle from the road, and on my return you must place this powder in my mouth, when I will recover my proper shape." He then swallowed his own portion of the magic powder, and assuming the likeness of the panther, persuaded him to leave the path. Returning to the woman, he opened his mouth to receive the transposing charm; but she, terrified by his dreadful appearance and open jaws, dropped it in the mire, and it was lost. Then, in despair, he killed the author of his misfortune, and ever after revenged himself on the race whose form he could never resume.<ref name="Forsyth1889">{{cite book |last=Forsyth |first=J. |author-link=James Forsyth (traveller) |title=The highlands of central India: Notes on their forests and wild tribes, natural history, and sports |url=https://archive.org/details/highlandsofcentr00fors |access-date=22 March 2013 |year=1889 |publisher=Chapman and Hall |location=[[London]] |edition=New |oclc=575941 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/highlandsofcentr00fors/page/334 334]–335}}</ref></blockquote>
*Leopard of Punanai: The leopard called "man-eater of Punanai" is the only officially accounted for man-eating leopard of Sri Lanka, where leopard attacks rarely happen.<ref name="sundaytimes.lk">{{cite news |author=Lal Anthonis |title=Panthera pardus kotiya, Lanka gets her own endemic leopard |publisher=The [[Sunday Times]] |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/970921/plus15.html |date=2 September 1997 |access-date=2016-11-04 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227043904/http://www.sundaytimes.lk/970921/plus15.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Kithsiri Gunawardena, "Cats in Sri Lanka & The Sri Lankan Leopard" accessed on http://www.wilpattu.com/sri-lankan-leopard.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104213159/http://www.wilpattu.com/sri-lankan-leopard.php |date=2016-11-04 }} at 4.11.2016.</ref> It killed at least 12 people on a jungle road near the hamlet of [[Punanai]], not far from [[Batticaloa]] in the east of Sri Lanka. Its first victim was a child. Roper Shelton Agar, the hunter who killed it in August 1924, made a detailed record of the leopard and his killing of it. Agar relates that the man-eater was very bold and stealthy:<ref name="archives.sundayobserver.lk">{{citation |title=The man-eater of Punanai |author=Jayantha Jayawardene |work=The [[Sunday Observer]] |date=2014-04-02 |url=http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2014/03/02/spe10.asp |access-date=2016-11-04 |archive-date=2016-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104204851/http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2014/03/02/spe10.asp |url-status=live }} (A shortened account of the story by Roper S. Agar as published in the Sri Lanka Wildlife Society's magazine Loris Volume 1, December 1938, No. 5.)</ref>
<blockquote>"attacking even gangs of three or four people and carts. The beast never appears on the road, but stalks them through the jungle and at a suitable opportunity springs out upon one of the unfortunate stragglers."</blockquote>
After a failed attempt the previous day, Agar was successful in killing it when waiting for it in a tree hut that he got made near the corpse of a man that had been killed by the leopard, knowing that it would return to eat the remainder of the corpse:<ref name="archives.sundayobserver.lk"/>
<blockquote>"It was about 3 p.m. after a heavy shower, that the leopard came out. ... "licking" his chops, looking at his kill a few yards away, and looking at me. ... My 4790 was ready on my lap, the safety catch slipped up. I knew at that range I could place the bullet where I liked, and I chose the neck shot, as I knew at that angle the explosive bullet would rake the creature's vital organs. At the shot the leopard rolled over-stone-dead-never to do any more dirty work. ... At the sound of the shot, all my people and others who had collected round my car to wait for the result came running back. ... I wished to get out of the cursed place with its ugly sights as soon as possible. Corpse smells were suffocating me. ... The man-eater was not a very large leopard. ... He stood high off the ground, was in fine condition, and showed abnormal development for its size in respect of pads, neck muscles and head. The canine teeth were very long. He had a great number of knife wounds, old and new, showing that some of his victims had fought for their lives. ... I heard that his first victim was a young Moor boy, and that may possibly have been the beginning of his notorious career."</blockquote>
The leopard was stuffed and is now in the National Museum of Sri Lanka in Colombo.<ref name="sundaytimes.lk"/>
The leopard features in one of the books of [[Michael Ondaatje]]: ''The Man-eater of Punanai — a Journey of Discovery to the Jungles of Old Ceylon'' (1992).

==Recent attacks==

=== In the wild ===
* On January 6, 2015, an Indian leopard injured a boy in [[Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="TOI 01-2015">{{cite news |work=The [[Times of India]] |title=Boy injured in leopard attack |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Boy-injured-in-leopard-attack/articleshow/45799926.cms? |date=2015-01-08 |access-date=2018-05-14 |archive-date=2018-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613195152/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Boy-injured-in-leopard-attack/articleshow/45799926.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Another leopard killed 2 men in [[Kolar district]], [[Karnataka]].<ref name="DeccanHerald 01-2015">{{cite news |work=The [[Deccan Herald]] |title=Man, grandson die in leopard attack in Kolar |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/452231/man-grandson-die-leopard-attack.html |date=2015-01-08 |access-date=2015-01-11 |archive-date=2015-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108034754/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/452231/man-grandson-die-leopard-attack.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 13, 2015, a leopard injured a woman's neck with its paw in Jiuni Valley of [[Mandi district]], while she had gone to collect fodder for household animals.<ref name="DivyaHimachal 01-2015">{{cite news |work=[[Divya Himachal]] |title=पत्तियां जुटा रही महिला पर झपटा तेंदुआ |language=hi |url=http://www.divyahimachal.com/2015/01/पत्तियां-जुटा-रही-महिला-प/ |date=2015-01-13 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On January 16, 2015, 2 boys were killed by a leopard in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gusain |first=Raju |date=2015-01-18 |title=Two minors killed in fresh leopard attacks in Dehradun |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/two-minors-killed-in-fresh-leopard-attacks-in-dehradun-236191-2015-01-17 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> On January 25, 2015, a leopard killed a girl in [[Galyat]], [[Pakistan]]. This was one of a number of attacks that were reported in the area for over a year and a half.<ref name="ExpressTribune 01-2015">{{cite news |last=Sadaqat |first=Muhammad |title=Searching for food?: Girl killed in leopard attack |publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/827523/searching-for-food-girl-killed-in-leopard-attack/ |date=2015-01-25 |access-date=2018-05-14 |archive-date=2018-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514214003/https://tribune.com.pk/story/827523/searching-for-food-girl-killed-in-leopard-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The next day, a leopard mauled 5 people, seriously injuring 3, before being killed in [[Jalpaiguri district]].<ref name="ZeeNews 01-2015">{{cite news |work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |title=Leopard mauls five, beaten to death |publisher=[[Zee News]] |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/sci-tech/leopard-mauls-five-beaten-to-death_1536834.html |date=2015-01-26 |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-date=2015-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704202949/http://zeenews.india.com/news/sci-tech/leopard-mauls-five-beaten-to-death_1536834.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On February 14, 2015, a leopard injured 2 villagers in [[Sagar district]].<ref name="HindustanTimes 02-2015">{{cite news |work=The [[Hindustan Times]] |title=Two villagers injured in leopard attack in Madhya Pradesh |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/two-villagers-injured-in-leopard-attack-in-madhya-pradesh/article1-1316933.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217120208/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/two-villagers-injured-in-leopard-attack-in-madhya-pradesh/article1-1316933.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 17, 2015 |date=2015-02-14 }}</ref> Four days later, a leopard injured 6 people in [[Shravasti district]].<ref name="TOI 19-02-2015">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Several injured in leopard attacks |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Several-injured-in-leopard-attacks/articleshow/46293078.cms |date=2015-02-19 |access-date=2015-02-19 |archive-date=2016-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923175408/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Several-injured-in-leopard-attacks/articleshow/46293078.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 22, 2015, a girl was injured on the head when a leopard attacked her in Dingore village (approximately {{convert|20|km|mile|abbr=on}} from [[Junnar]]).<ref name="TOI 22-02-2015">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=14-year-old girl injured in leopard attack near Junnar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/14-year-old-girl-injured-in-leopard-attack-near-Junnar/articleshow/46361560.cms |date=2015-02-22 |access-date=2015-02-27 |archive-date=2019-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184237/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/14-year-old-girl-injured-in-leopard-attack-near-Junnar/articleshow/46361560.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 5, 2015, a leopardess critically injured 4 people before being stabbed to death in a forest of [[Jorhat district]].<ref name="TOI 03-2015">{{cite news |work=The Times of India |title=Leopard beaten to death in Jorhat |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Leopard-beaten-to-death-in-Jorhat/articleshow/46479152.cms |date=2015-03-07 |access-date=2015-03-07 |archive-date=2015-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222358/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Leopard-beaten-to-death-in-Jorhat/articleshow/46479152.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In the night of Friday the 4th of May, 2018, a leopard consumed a toddler in an unfenced part of a safari lodge in [[Queen Elizabeth National Park]], Uganda. The 3-year-old toddler, whose mother was a ranger at the park, had been following a nanny outdoors without the latter's knowledge when he was attacked.<ref name="AFP TL 2018">{{cite news |work=AFP |title=Toddler eaten by leopard in Uganda's national park |publisher=[[The Times (South Africa)|Times Live]] |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-05-07-toddler-eaten-by-leopard-in-ugandas-national-park/ |date=2018-05-07 |access-date=2018-05-09 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926064852/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-05-07-toddler-eaten-by-leopard-in-ugandas-national-park/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In June 2019, a leopard attacked and killed the 2-year-old son of an employee in [[Kruger National Park]], after the animal managed to access staff living quarters. The leopard was put down, also because it had shown signs of losing its fear from humans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thom |first=Liezl |date=6 June 2019 |title=Toddler killed by leopard in South Africa's Kruger National Park |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/toddler-killed-leopard-south-africas-kruger-national-park/story?id=63538628 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref>
* In July 2024, a leopard attacked two men at [[Air Force Base Hoedspruit]] of the South African air force, very near [[Kruger National Park]]. Both men survived without major injuries. The leopard was trapped and relocated 100 km away.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjm9k242ngxo BBC: Leopard attacks men at South Africa air force base]</ref>
* In 26th March 2026, a leopard killed a 43 years old monk in a cave at the Bambaragasthalawa Aranya Senasana in the Kumana National Park, Sri Lanka. <ref>[https://lankaleader.lk/news/18773-foreign-monk-killed-by-leopard-while-meditating-in-national-park][https://asianmirror.lk/news/13233/foreign-monk-dies-after-leopard-attack-in-panama-forest-hermitage/]</ref>

=== In captivity ===

* On February 21, 1914, a leopard escaped from [[Melbourne Zoo]] into a garden, where it attacked a 17-year-old girl. It was shot dead by a neighbour.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 1914 |title=LEOPARD ESCAPES FROM ZOO. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article7247188 |access-date=1 October 2025 |work=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |pages=10}}</ref>
* On April 28, 1997, a 52-year-old woman was attacked and killed in a fenced run by a [[Persian leopard]] at an exotic animal farm in [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma County]]. The animal was killed by two deputies after trying to escape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medley |first=Robert |date=30 April 1997 |title=Leopard Slain After Mauling Kills Woman Escape Alarms Luther-Area Parents |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1997/04/29/leopard-slain-after-mauling-kills-woman-escape-alarms-luther-area-parents/62316112007/ |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[The Oklahoman]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In early January 2003, an injured female leopard at [[Johannesburg Zoo]] mauled the vet Matt Hartley when he entered her enclosure. He sustained minor wounds on his right shoulder.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 February 2003 |title=Leopard on the loose |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2003-02-26-leopard-on-the-loose/ |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=[[The Mail & Guardian]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
* On November 16, 2005, a 9-year-old boy was mauled by a 13-year-old Persian leopard while visiting [[Melbourne Zoo]] with his school. After running away and putting his arms on the wire in front of the cage, he was scratched on his arm.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooke |first=Dewi |date=15 November 2005 |title=Leopard mauls boy in zoo attack |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/leopard-mauls-boy-in-zoo-attack-20051116-ge18r8.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[The Age]] |language=en}}</ref>
* On November 13, 2006, a 23-year-old zookeeper at [[Chemnitz Zoo]] was attacked and killed by a female Persian leopard after leaving a cage door open. In September 2017, the same animal attacked a 56-year-old zookeeper and bit him in the face.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 2006 |title=Fatal Zoo Accident: East German Zookeeper Slain by Leopard |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/fatal-zoo-accident-east-german-zookeeper-slain-by-leopard-a-448037.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |language=en |issn=2195-1349}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2017 |title=Chemnitz: Leopard fällt Pfleger im Zoo an |trans-title=Chemnitz: Leopard attacks zookeeper |url=https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/chemnitz-leopard-faellt-pfleger-im-zoo-an-a-1169312.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}</ref>
* In December 2007, a 5-year-old girl was severely injured by a leopard at the [[National Zoo of Malaysia]]. After crossing a barrier to the enclosure, the animal grabbed her by the collar of her dress and scratched her back, neck and mouth. The girl was hospitalised and, according to her parents, needed plastic surgery.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=24 December 2007 |title=Leopard attacks girl in Malaysian zoo: report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world/leopard-attacks-girl-in-malaysian-zoo-report/story-832weMfyVdhAvj51zqioGI.html |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
* On May 6, 2011, a 7-year-old boy was attacked by an [[Amur leopard]] at [[Sedgwick County Zoo]] after getting to close to its cage. He was treated in hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Finger |first1=Stan |last2=Sylvester |first2=Ron |date=10 May 2011 |title=Boy attacked by leopard at zoo released from hospital |url=https://www.kansas.com/news/article1065680.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[The Wichita Eagle]] |language=en}}</ref>
* On August 31, 2020, 50-year-old Dwight Turner was mauled by a [[black leopard]] after paying its owner for a "full-contact experience" involving playing, rubbing its belly and taking photos.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Elassar |first1=Melissa |last2=Elassar |first2=Alaa |date=31 October 2020 |title=A Florida man was mauled by a leopard after paying $150 for a 'full-contact experience' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/31/us/florida-man-leopard-mauled-trnd |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>
* In August 2021, 36-year-old [[Model (person)|model]] Jessica Leidolph was attacked by a leopard and bitten in the head and face during a [[photo shoot]] at a retirement home for [[Animal show|show animals]] in [[Nebra (Unstrut)]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Germany]]. Her injuries were treated in hospital. The 48-year-old owner of the leopard was being investigated on suspicion of negligent bodily harm<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2021 |title=Leopard attacks model in German photoshoot |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58329080 |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=[[BBC|www.bbc.com]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=26 August 2021 |title=Leopard attacks model during photoshoot in Germany |url=http://www.euronews.com/2021/08/26/leopard-attack-on-model-during-german-photoshoot-leads-to-animal-welfare-probe |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[Euronews]] |language=en}}</ref>
* One June 6, 2022, a leopard injured a zookeeper's arm at the zoo of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], [[Spain]] while he was carrying out food.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Anna |date=6 June 2022 |title=Zoo worker injured after being attacked by a leopard at Cordoba Zoo |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/06/06/zoo-worker-injured-after-being-attacked-by-a-leopard-at-cordoba-zoo/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[Euro Weekly News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trelinski |first=Alex |date=6 June 2022 |title=Zoo worker survives leopard attack in Spain's Andalucia |url=https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2022/06/06/zoo-worker-survives-leopard-attack-in-spains-andalucia/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Olive Press News Spain |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* In August 2024, a leopard killed its 63-year-old owner in a private zoo in [[Jasenie]], [[Slovakia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=23 August 2024 |title=Leopard killed owner in Slovakian private zoo |url=https://www.krone.at/3502348 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[Kronen Zeitung]] |language=en}}</ref>
* In December 2024, an employee at [[Odesa Zoo]] was attacked by a leopard in its enclosure. Because another person went into the enclosure to help the victim, the police neutralized the animal. The employee was treated in hospital, the other person was not harmed.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=21 December 2024 |title=Leopard attacks an employee in Odesa zoo, animal neutralized |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/leopard-attacks-an-employee-in-odesa-zoo-animal-neutralized |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}</ref>
* On April 15, 2025, a zookeeper at [[National Zoological Park Delhi]] was mauled by a leopard called Bunty, sustaining injuries on his chest and back. Although he had been working for the zoo for over 25 years, the zookeeper only had experience with herbivores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Aheli |date=19 April 2025 |title=Leopard mauls worker at Delhi Zoo; victim not trained for carnivores: Officials |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/leopard-mauls-worker-at-delhi-zoo-victim-not-trained-for-carnivores-officials-101745001086391.html |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>
* On August 1, 2025, 26-year-old zookeeper Uriel Nuri was attacked during a behind-the-scenes tour at [[Jerusalem Biblical Zoo]] by a Persian leopard that had exited its exclosure. The victim succumbed to his injuries in [[Hadassah Medical Center]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Summers |first1=Charlie |last2=Staff |first2=ToI |date=1 August 2025 |title=Worker at Jerusalem Biblical Zoo killed in attack by leopard |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/worker-at-jerusalem-biblical-zoo-killed-after-being-attacked-by-leopard/ |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kleiman |first1=Gidi |last2=Rhoden-Paul |first2=André |date=1 August 2025 |title=Jerusalem zoo worker killed by leopard |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0kzvm4vlz3o |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=[[BBC|www.bbc.com]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* On August 15, 2025, a leopard attacked a 12 or 13-year-old boy called Suras in the Safari section of [[Bannerghatta Biological Park]]. The animal leaped after the safari vehicle and scratched the boy through an open window. After injuring his hand, the boy was treated in a hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Isha |date=16 August 2025 |title=Leopard attacks 13-year-old boy during Safari at Bengaluru's Bannerghatta Biological Park {{!}} Video |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/leopard-attacks-13-year-old-boy-during-safari-at-bengaluru-s-bannerghatta-biological-park-video-2025-08-16-1003752 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[India TV News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwarakanath |first=Nagarjun |date=17 August 2025 |title=Leopard attacks safari bus in Bengaluru, claws 12-year-old boy's hand. Video viral |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/bengaluru-bannerghatta-national-park-leopard-attacks-safari-bus-viral-video-2772319-2025-08-17 |access-date=18 September 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

== In fiction ==
In the 1942 film [[Cat People (1942 film)|''Cat People'']] and its [[Cat People (1982 film)|1982 remake]], a woman transforms into a monstrous [[black panther]] when aroused, which can only be reverted by killing a human.

In the [[Tarzan (1999 film)|Disney adaptation]] of [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]' ''[[Tarzan]]'' novels, a female leopard called Sabor kills Tarzan's parents, which leads to young Tarzan being adopted by [[gorilla]]s.

Several people are attacked and killed by mutated leopards in the [[List of Zoo episodes#Season 1 (2015)|season 1]] episode "Eats, Shoots and Leaves" of the [[CBS]] television series ''[[Zoo (American TV series)|Zoo]].''<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Walker |first=Jodi |date=10 September 2015 |title='Zoo' recap: Find the leopards, save the world |url=https://ew.com/recap/zoo-season-1-episode-11-12/ |access-date=18 September 2025 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly|EW.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chinese leopard]]
* [[Human–wildlife conflict]]
* [[Tiger attack]]
* [[Anthrozoology]]
* [[List of large carnivores known to prey on humans]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Animal bites and stings}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leopard attack}}
[[Category:Felidae attacks]]
[[Category:Deaths due to leopard attacks]]

Tarapur, Maharashtra

2026-03-25T15:51:48Z

Aidan93118681: updated information for accuracy and corrected details after review

{{other uses|Tarapur (disambiguation){{!}}Tarapur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tarapur
| other_name =
| nickname = Vadawariya
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Tarapur in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.864|N|72.684|E|scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 10
| population_total = 37541
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Tarapurkar
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1= [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1= [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 401504, 401506
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 2525
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MH.E2.80.94Maharashtra|MH]]-48
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tarapur''' is a [[census town]] in [[Palghar district]] (earlier Palghar was [[taluka]] and has recently notified as district) in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. It is an industrial town located some 45 km north of [[Virar]], on the [[Western Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Western]]

[[Western Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Railway line]] of [[Mumbai]] Suburban Division ([[Mumbai Suburban Railway]]). Tarapur can be reached from [[Boisar railway station|Boisar]], the nearest railway station. It is 20 km off [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|National Highway NH-8]].

== Geography ==

Tarapur is located at {{coord|19.86|N|72.68|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=19.8282409&lon=72.6613426&z=14&l=0&m=b&search=tarapur Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Tarapur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 10 [[metre]]s (33[[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Economy==

===Atomic power stations===

The Tarapur nuclear power station houses two [[boiling water reactor]]s (BWRs), each of 200 MW (De-rated to 160MW), the first in Asia, and a recent unit with two [[pressurised heavy water reactor]]s each of 540 MW. This PHWR based power station is not only the largest nuclear power reactor in the country but also the largest power unit in India. It was commissioned seven months ahead of schedule, at a cost much lower than the original estimate, by the [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]].

Tarapur Atomic Power Station (320 MW) (T.A.P.S.) was constructed by the American companies [[Bechtel]] and [[GE]] near village Akkarpatti. The new reactors (1080 MW) were constructed by [[Larsen & Toubro]] and [[Gammon Construction|Gammon]] India. Both these power stations are operated by [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited]]. The personnel operating the power plant live in a residential complex called T. A. P. S. Township. This residential complex is a fifteen-minute drive from Boisar, the nearest railway station. The residential complex was also constructed by Bechtel to house both Indian and American employees. Because it was the home to American engineers and technicians, the residential complex had a very American small-town look, with neat sidewalks, spacious houses, a club with tennis courts, gyms and swimming pool, a commissary etc. While the original American residents have long gone, the colony continues to thrive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarapur Atomic Power Station, Maharashtra - NS Energy |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/tarapur-atomic-power-station-maharashtra/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnan |first=Revathi |date=2019-10-28 |title=Tarapur, India's 2nd most powerful nuclear plant built with US help, completes 50 yrs today |url=https://theprint.in/india/tarapur-indias-2nd-most-powerful-nuclear-plant-built-with-us-help-completes-50-yrs-today/312366/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Industrial estate===
Tarapur also houses two huge industrial estates [[Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation]], Tarapur Industrial Estate and Additional Tarapur Industrial Estate), which include bulk drug manufacturing units, [[specialty chemical]] manufacturing units like [[JSW Steel Ltd]], [[Aarti Industries]] plants and a few textile plants.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

====Gas-fired power station====
MIDC has proposed a gas-fired power station for captive use at Tarapur Industrial Area. MIDC has decided to explore the concept of group captive power plant (GCPP) as proposed in the Electricity Act of 2003. Subsequently, MIDC appointed [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] as consultant to study the concept of GCPPs.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.midcindia.org/news/displayNews.php?articleId=52
| title = REL to set up power plants at Thane, Butibori
| accessdate = 2007-04-24
| last =
| first =
| work = News and Events
| publisher = Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200513/http://www.midcindia.org/news/displayNews.php?articleId=52 |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref>

====Environment====
The first "Common Effluent Treatment Plant" (CETP) in Maharashtra came up at Tarapur.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://mpcb.mah.nic.in/images/pdf/achivementsofmpcb.pdf
| title = Achievements of MPCB (2004–2005)
| accessdate = 2007-04-24
| last =
| first =
| publisher =Maharashtra Pollution Control Board
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061210052319/http://mpcb.mah.nic.in/images/pdf/achivementsofmpcb.pdf |archivedate = 2006-12-10}}</ref> Tarapur Industrial Manufacturers' Association is responsible for planting saplings.
Tarapur, according to the central pollution control board, emerged as the most polluted industrial cluster.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-25 |title=India's pandemic generation {{!}} 375 million children will suffer poor health, educational losses, says Centre for Science and Environment study |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-host-pandemic-generation-says-centre-for-science-and-environment/article33934601.ece |access-date=2022-04-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Vishwa Mohan|date=Feb 26, 2021 |title=Study: Tarapur India's most polluted industrial cluster {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/study-tarapur-indias-most-polluted-industrial-cluster/articleshow/81221417.cms |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==== Demographics ====
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Tarapur had a population of 7012. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Tarapur has a literacy rate of 91% for both males and females,{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} much higher than the national average of 72%.<ref name="unesco2009sda">{{Citation | title=UNESCO: Literacy | publisher=UNESCO | accessdate=7 April 2010 | url=http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=40338&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | url-status=dead | archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090520141505/http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=40338&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | archivedate=20 May 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In Tarapur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Among minority languages, [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] is spoken by 15.68% of the population and [[Hindi]] by 26.78%.<ref>{{cite web|title=51st REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|date=15 July 2015|accessdate=15 February 2018|page=152|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025959/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Education ==
*Atomic Energy Central Schools, Tarapur
*Teens World Corporate School
* Tarapur Vidya Mandir & Jr. College
* [[R.H.SAVE VIDYALAYA]]

== Attractions ==
Two beaches lay about four kilometres west from Tarapur. Well known is the Tarapur beach with a dilapidated fort which was in a ruined state in 1862, part of the north wall having fallen. The [[Tarapur fort|Tarapur Fort]], with wells and gardens within, was given in inam (a grant of real estate) by the Peshwa to Vikaji Mehrji, for a hundred years, and is still held by his heirs, and is currently in custody of Chorge family. Another beautiful site is the Chinchani beach, one and a half kilometres north of the fort.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarapur Fort {{!}} District Palghar, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://palghar.gov.in/en/tourist-place/tarapur-fort/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Nearby towns ==
* [[Boisar]]
* [[Chinchani]]
* [[Vangaon]]
* [[Umroli]]
* [[Palghar]]
* [[Dahanu Road]]

==See also==
*[[Tarapore]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Palghar district]]
[[Category:Company towns in India]]

Chithi (TV series)

2026-03-18T17:53:52Z

Aidan93118681: Updated and refined page content

{{Short description|Indian Tamil-language Television Serial}}
{{overly detailed|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image = Chithi.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| based_on =
| story = C. J. Baskar
| screenplay = Raj Prabhu Kavibharathy '''Dialogue:''' Raj Prabhu Kavibharathy
| director = C. J. Baskar
| starring = [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] [[Sivakumar]]
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes = 467
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| company = Radaan Mediaworks
| theme_music_composer = [[Dhina]]
| opentheme = "Kanninmani Kanninmani" [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]] (Vocal) [[Vairamuthu]] (Lyrics)
| cinematography = [[Sakthi Saravanan]]
| editor =
| camera =
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|1999|12|20}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2001|11|1}}
| num_seasons = 2
| related = [[Chithi 2]]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}

'''''Chithi''''' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[prime time]] [[soap opera]] that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. The show premiered on 20 December 1999 and ended on 1 November 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/chithi-we-never-forgot-remembering-radikaas-popular-mega-serial-ahead-its-sequel-114521|title=The Chithi we never forgot: Remembering Radikaa's popular mega serial ahead of its sequel|last=|first=|date=21 December 2019|website=The News Minute|access-date=}}</ref> It aired Monday through Friday at 9:30pm. The serial stars [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] in dual roles, with [[Sivakumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://modelsagency.in/news/best-tamil-tv-serials-of-all-time/|title=Best Tamil TV serials of all time|last=|first=|date=16 September 2015|website=|access-date=}}</ref>

The show was produced by Radaan Mediaworks, directed by C. J. Baskar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/04/south-tv-c-j-bhaskar-on-his-tamil-tv-shows.htm|title=The man behind Chithi and Savithri|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> The title track was composed by [[Dhina]]. It was also aired in [[Sri Lanka]] Tamil Channel on [[Shakthi TV]] and [[United Kingdom]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Channel on [[Deepam TV]]. The show started reairing from 6 April 2020 to 26 June 2021 in [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]. It was dubbed into Telugu as ''Pinni'' and aired on [[Gemini TV]]. The show started reairing from 2 October 2025 on [[Thanthi One]].

A reboot version of the series titled ''[[Chithi – 2|Chithi 2]]'' premiered from January 27, 2020, on Sun TV starring Radikaa Sarathkumar and [[Preethi Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/radhika-sarathkumars-chithi-2-to-premiere-soon/articleshow/71520056.cms|title=Radhika Sarathkumar's Chithi 2 to premiere soon|last=|first=|date=10 October 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref>

==Plot==
Chithi is a serial based on women empowerment and the challenges faced by women in India. A Brahmin society in Srirangam, Trichy, Ramachandran, lives with his seven-year-old daughter Kaveri and a mentally challenged wife Vaidhegi. He has a best friend, Krishna, son of a box factory watchman. On the night of [[Karthigai Deepam]], Vaidhegi drowns in a river, and following, a woman is running and a few men chasing her with firesticks. They set her saree aflame, and she jumps into the river. Vaidhegi is presumed dead and Kaveri longs for a mother's love. She waits for chithi (step-mum/aunt). Soon, she rescues the woman with the help of Krishna and Ramu. She starts calling her chithi, which creates chaos among the society people. The woman does not talk, but Kaveri clings to her. Ramu gets irritated and in the end, to prove his stand, he had no other choice but to accept the woman. The woman talks for the first time and reveals her name to be Sharadha. Krishna's father passes away, then Ramu and Krishna go to Madras searching for a job.

In Madras, they go to a textile store which is owned by Mahalingam. They buy clothes linings and materials worth about 10 Lacs and ask Mahalingam to loan it to them to which he disagrees. Distraught, they wander around the shop and bumps into Prabhavathi, the daughter of Mahalingam. She convinces her father to loan to them, and he agrees. Prabha falls for Ramu and helps both of them in all the ways she can, together with her cousin Velumani. This right side of Prabha has a qualified team, which shows that being the only daughter of a rich man, she would get anything she wants. If she does not get it, no one should get it. This behaviour of Prabha starts at a higher height when she falls in love with Ramu.

When Ramu and Krishna become successful in business, Prabha comes forward to reveal her love to Ramu, but he said he has Sharadha waiting for him at Agraharam. She becomes sad and plans to take revenge over Ramu.

Mahalingam and Padma fix a groom for Prabhavathi from the US, just because she forced Krishna to marry her. Velumani and Prabha make Krishna drink more, and makes him marry her at no other choice. Once Ramu marries Sharadha, he brings her and Kaveri to Chennai and later found Krishna being married. As Ramu said he could not leave Krishna in his life, he brings Krishna, Prabha and Velumani to the same house where he stays for rent.

The owner of the house is Janaki (Mahalingam's first love) and her two daughters. Mahalingam was forced to marry the Padma but secretly lives with Janaki with whom he gave birth to two daughters Viji and Geetha. As days pass, both Sharadha and Prabhavathi become pregnant. Prabhavathi makes Kaveri turn towards her to take revenge on her father and stepmother. Soon Kaveri leaves hostel and Sharadha starts a textile industry named Kavery Garments and builds a new house which she calls as Sharadha Illam.

They also bring Krishna's family to that house, including Velumani. Meanwhile, at Janaki's side, Viji loves a shed mechanic Surya, but Janaki reluctant to get her daughter married to a mechanic, makes Viji marry her own uncle's (Janaki's brother) son named Anand, where she faces torture from him.

Sharadha and Prabhavathi are admitted in the same hospital at the same time, and both simultaneously deliver sons. Ramu and Krishna fear these children will cause division between them, exchange the babies. Ramu names Krishna's son as Srinivasan and Krishna name Ramu's son as Prasad. Years pass, Sharadha business Kaveri Garments grows with profit, and she delivers two more kids, daughter Swetha and son Sreevatsan. Meanwhile, Prabhavathi and Krishna have another child, a daughter named Brindha. Since then all five kids grow up in the same house, like brothers and sisters. Srinivasan was found to be physically challenged as Prabha has taken a tablet to try to abort him, but Krishna is happy that the child is with Sharadha who loves him. She starts to love Srinivasan more than her other two children.

Kaveri, who went to the hostel as a child, return home as a teen. Initially, she was against her chithi by insulting her. Velumani and Prabha make Kaveri fall in love with a womaniser and drug smuggler named Nagu, without knowing his true colours, Kaveri loves him. Soon she starts to elope with him but before that she apologises to her step mom. She even used to insult Srinivas for being a lame person. On the day of fleeing on her 19th birthday, she found Nagu's true colours and both get remanded in a police station, Sharadha comes and saves her and hides the truth from her family. She starts to love her chithi more and realises her mistake, and soon shraddha starts to find a groom for her with Ramu and Krishna. Angered by Velu and Prabha, they try to stop Kaveri wedding by several attempts.

They hire Yogi as General Manager for Kaveri Garments, who kept on following Sharadha since her arrival to Srirangam, as few flash scenes were showing Sharadha and Yogi were working together and are relatives. But she does not want to bring her past and dedicates her complete life to Kaveri and Ramu. However, still, they make Yogi stay in their home, as he was a successful Manager for Kaveri Garments and Architect for Sharadha Illam as none knew about the past. Kaveri wedding gets fixed and got stopped as Ramu hid the truth to grooms parents that Sharadha belongs to different caste, as Vaidehi's mother exposed it. She did not like Ramu marrying different caste girl. To make Kaveri come out of it, Ramu and Sharadha do her work at Kaveri Garments. Meanwhile, Viji who faced torture under Anand and his family runs from their home and seeks Sharadha's house for shelter. Even she joins the same department of Kaveri at Kaveri Garments, and both enjoy working there.

Soon Sharadha finds a groom for Kaveri, from a lower-middle-class family. She gifts a house to them, and he works part-time at Temple, then in a computer training centre and evening as hotel supervisor to support his family. His name is Madhavan, who belongs to the same caste as Ramu. Wedding gets fixed, and Madhavan parents are excellent Sharadha being from a different caste. Things go smoothly, and Ramu learns that Vaidhegi is alive, he asks many times to go to his home, but she refused as he lived half of his life with Sharadha, but he secretly lives with her, and only Krishna come to know about it. One day Sharadha and Yogi spots Ramu giving flowers to a woman in a car and arguments arrives between them, an angered Yogi tells who Sharadha is.

Story shifts to flashback to Thirunelveli, where Sharadha is found to be IAS Collector of Thiruvnelveli, she has a twin sister named Sakthi Eshwar who is AC. Their father Eashwaran Pandiyan is a business tycoon and big don of the city which has fume with MLA Viswanathan. Yogi's mother's brother is Eshwara Pandi, as Yogi lost his mom as a toddler, he grew at Eashwaran house. Sakthi was his love interest. Eashwaran Pandian is not fond of Sharadha and favours Shakti over her.

Nevertheless, Sharadha and Shakti are close to each other. There comes a problem and unknowingly Eswara Pandian is a part of it. Amidst this, Sharada and Shakti's mother dies in a bomb blast, and Sharadha fights with her father. She even says that he would be punished. Angered, MLA Viswanathan and Eswara Pandian plot against Sharadha. Shakti suspecting this takes the form of her sister's avatar as Sharadha IAS and goes with Yogi. When they reach a temple, MLA and Eswaran, mistaking Shakti for Sharadha, kills her. Sharadha devastated, argues with her father, who realises his mistake. The MLA, on the other hand, orders his men to kill Sharadha. Eswaran Pandian and Yogi fail to save Sharadha, and Eswaran are arrested. Sharadha runs for her life and jumps into the water, and the little Kaveri saves her life in Kavery River, at Srirangam, which happened at the beginning of the show.

Yogi completes telling the story to Ramu and the rest and Sharadha's secret is out. And Vaidheghi's existence is revealed to Sharadha by Krishna and they bring her with Sharadha's approval. Meanwhile, Kaveri gets pregnant while at the same time, Nagu is out of jail to avenge Kaveri. (Madhavan knows about Nagu and Kaveri). Viji faces problems at the factory due to her past life with Anand and Sharadha gets her married to Yogi. Angered and insulted, Anand comes to throw acid at Viji's face but gets involved in an accident. He apologises to Viji before dying, and Anand's chapter is over. Nagu tries very hard to avenge Kaveri. Kaveri is admitted to the hospital at night, and Nagu goes there, which results in Kaveri's miscarriage. Kaveri's mother-in-law starts hating her for hiding the truth about Nagu. Suddenly, Krishna who has gotten liver cancer by his drinking habit last time, But he is mysteriously killed by a group. Prabhavathi poisons Prasad's mind that Ramu and Sharadha are the reason Krishna died. Prasad curses them before leaving Sharadha Illam with his family and Velu. Ramu is left heartbroken with the death of his best friend and rift between his family and Krishna's family. Viji gets pregnant but slips and falls and goes into labour. She dies of injuries but gives birth to a healthy baby girl whom Yogi names Sakthi.

The year rolls by, and all the kids are grown up. Kavery is left childless even after consulting many doctors and gains more of her mother-in-law's wrath. Madhavan keeps on supporting her. Srinivas, who is bounded to crutches, becomes a journalist and writer. Shakti is seen to have a feeling for Srinivasan. Shweta becomes a teacher at a school while Srivatsan becomes a doctor. Prasad an engineer and Brindha start training as for IPS. Now Vaidhegi and her mother are staying with Sharadha in a rented house, but act against Sharadha by indirectly helping Prabha. Sharadha Islam is undergoing a court case after Prabha files the fact that she too has a share in it. Things start to heat up when the children fall in love, and Eswaran gets released. Shakti's crush on Srinivas starts to bother Ramu as technically, Srinivas and Shakti are brother and sister as their biological mothers, Prabha and Viji are half-sisters. But Srinivas starts to fall for a fan of him, Kamini. Brindha and her fellow IPS friend, Shreedar form a mutual friendship, but Shreedar falls for Brindha. Prasad's friend, Daniel, eventually marries Brindha and Prasad gets committed with a girl called Charulatha. Srivatsan marries his doctor friend Sangeetha and stays in her house. What Shweta does comes as a shock to the whole family. At the day of her wedding, Shweta runs away with a useless, poor slum guy called Kannan. Ramu leaves home after this and stays in an Ashramam. It is Prasad, who arranged Kannan through Daniel to torture Sharadha using her daughter, Shweta. But he did not expect Shweta to fall for Kannan. Under some circumstances, Sharadha and the family move to the Janaki's house like before, Vaidhegi chases her mother out and goes a change of heart. Kavery Garment starts to fall apart, and Sharadha stumbles. Eswaran comes and stays with the family. Padmavathy angrily goes to Prabha and tells the truth about her son. It was shown that Krishna told Padmavathy the truth before he died. Later, Padmavathy dies in a car accident and Mahalingam also died out of shock. Prabha comes to meet Ramu in the ashram and learns the truth. She is left heartbroken as she loves Prasad a lot.

Kaveri stays with Sharadha and her mother-in-law falls sick. Madhavan comes to bring her back but Kaveri disagrees much to Madhavan's anger. But things changes and Madhavan's mother accepts Kaveri with a full heart. Shweta lives a hard and troubled lifestyle. Later, Kanan changes his heart and start a business through the indirect help of Sharadha. But Shwetha starts to demand from Sharadha. Shweta scolds her saying that she always preferred Kaveri over her children, causing Sharadha to get angrier on her and chase her out of Kavery Garments. Ramu returns after some time. Meanwhile, murders take place and it surrounds Prabha and Sharadha's families. Eswaran also dies after fighting with some old rivals in Prabha's residence. Shreedar starts to investigate the case with Brindha and they suspect Prabha to be responsible. Prabha is having a dilemma to choose between Prasad or Srinivas. Her slight affection towards her biological son, Srinivas, anger and upsets Prasad. Velu Mani finds the relevant document of Sharadha being Prasad's birth mother and is shocked. Heart-broken in thinking that Prasad is not his real nephew at first, he changes and demands 5 crores from Prabha to hide the truth. Prabha, scared and helpless, kills Velu also. Everyone is shocked about this. Shakti kills herself after discovering from Prabha that Srinivas, the man she loved is her cousin. The whole family is shattered. Sharadha illam case is solved and Sharadha gets back her home. Srinivas goes to meet Prabha and learns that Shakti went there before killing herself after Prasad accidentally blurts it out. Srinivas fights with Prabha and Prasad accidentally pushes him against a wall, injuring his head. Prabha angered at Prasad argues with him and he leaves home devastated.

Sharadha learns of Srinivas's injury and is angered, goes to kill Prasad and Prabha. Ramu stops her and tells her the truth that Prasad is her real son. Sharadha cries learning the truth. Meanwhile, Yogi learns the truth about the original sons of Sharadha and Prabha from the suicidal letter of Sakthi. Srinivas comes home and Sharadha breaks down in front of him. They get a call and learn that Prabha had locked herself in a room and wants to speak to Sharadha. They go to Prabha's house and Prabha begs Sharadha to not take Prasad away from her. Sharadha, realizing Prabha's true love for Prasad, promises her that she would not tell anyone the truth and that Prasad is her son. Prabha, thankful, surrenders to the police. Sharadha has to take care of both Prasad and Srinivas.

Several days later, Yogi brings photograph crew to the Sharadha Illam to take a family photo. To their shock, the crew looks exactly like the dead Eswaran, Velu Mani and much to Ramu's shock, Krishna. But they are not their men. While taking the photograph, Kaveri declares she is pregnant. A few years later, Prabha is released and the whole family with their children pose for the final family photograph.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/throw-a-stone-and-create-ripples/article23314708.ece|title=Raadhika: Throw a stone and create ripples|last=|first=|date=21 March 2018|website=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m-tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/radhika-sarathkumar-serial-passed-20-years-117122200058_1.html|title=என்னது... 'சித்தி' சீரியல் ஒளிபரப்பாகி 20 வருஷமாச்சா?|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> in a dual role as:
** Sharadha Ramachandran – Owner of Kaveri Garments; Eeswarapaandian and Rajeshwari's elder daughter; Sakthi's twin sister; Yogi's cousin; Ramu's second wife; Kaveri's stepmother; Prasad, Shwetha and Shree’s mother; Srinivasan's adoptive mother
** Sakthi – Eeswarapaandian and Rajeshwari's younger daughter; Sharadha's twin sister; Yogi's cousin and ex-fiancée (Dead)
* [[Sivakumar]] as Ramachandran (Ramu)– Krishna's best friend; Sharadha and Vaidhegi’s husband; Kaveri, Prasad, Shwetha and Shree's father; Srinivasan's adoptive father

===Recurring===
{{cast listing|
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Krishna – Ramu's best friend; Prabhavati's husband; Srinivasan's and Brinda's father; Prasad's adoptive father (Dead)
* [[Yuvarani]] as Prabhavathi (Prabha) – Mahalingam's and Padmavati's daughter; Janaki's step-daughter; Viji's and Geetha's half-sister; Velu's cousin; Krishna's widow; Srinivasan's and Brindha's mother; Prasad's adoptive mother
* [[Deepa Venkat]] / Bhavana as Viji – Mahalingam's and Janaki's daughter; Padmavati's step-daughter; Geetha's sister; Prabhavati's half-sister; Anand's ex-wife; Yogi's wife; Jr. Sakthi's mother (Dead)
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Yogi – Eeswarapaandian and Rajeshwari's nephew; Sharadha's and Sakthi's cousin; Viji's widower; Jr. Sakthi's father
* [[Neena (Tamil actress)|Neena]] as Kaveri – Vaidhegi's and Ramu's daughter; Sharadha's step-daughter; Prasad, Shwetha and Shree's half-sister; Srinivasan's adopted half-sister; Nagu's ex-fiancée; Madhavan's wife
** [[Hemalatha]] as Child Kaveri
* [[Vijay Adhiraj]] as Prasad – An Engineer; Sharadha and Ramu's eldest son; Shwetha and Shree's brother; Kaveri's half-brother; Krishna and Prabhavathi's adopted son; Srinivasan and Brindha's adopted brother; Charulatha's love interest
* [[Tharika]] as Shwetha – A Teacher; Sharadha and Ramu's daughter; Prasad and Shree's sister; Kaveri's half-sister; Srinivasan's adopted sister; Kannan's wife
* Dev Anand Sharma as Shreevatsan aka Shree – A Doctor; Sharadha and Ramu's younger son; Prasad and Shwetha's brother; Kaveri's half-brother; Srinivasan's adopted brother; Sangeetha's husband
* [[Sashikumar Subramani]] as Srinivasan aka Seenu / Cheenu – A journalist and writer; Prabhavathi and Krishna's son; Brindha's brother; Sharadha and Ramu's adopted son; Prasad, Shwetha and Shree's adopted brother; Kaveri's adopted half-brother
* Shilpa Mary Teresa as Brindha – A Police Officer; Prabhavathi and Krishna's daughter; Srinivasan's sister; Prasad's adopted sister; Daniel's wife
* Karpagam as Jr. Sakthi – Viji and Yogi's daughter; Srinivasan's cousin and one-sided lover (Dead)
* Sureshwar as Madhavan – Kaveri's husband
* [[Vinodhini]] as Charulatha aka Charu – Prasad's lover turned wife
* Vijay Sarathy as Kannan – Shwetha's husband
* [[Bhuvaneswari (actress)|Bhuvaneswari]] as Sangeetha – A Doctor; Gayathri's daughter; Shree's friend turned wife
* Seetha Anil as Kamini - Srinivasan's lover turned wife
* [[Daniel Balaji|T. C. Balaji]] as Daniel - Brindha's husband
* [[Anju (actress)|Anju]] as Vaidhegi – Ambujam's daughter; Ramu's ex-wife; Kaveri's mother
* [[Delhi Kumar]] as Mahalingam – Janaki and Padmavati's husband; Prabhavathi, Viji and Geetha's father; Srinivasan, Brindha and Jr. Sakthi's grandfather; Prasad's adoptive grandfather (Dead)
* Janavi as Janaki – Mahalingam's first wife; Viji and Geetha's mother; Prabhavati's step-mother; Jr. Sakthi's grandmother
* [[Shanthi Williams]] as Padmavathi aka Padma – Mahalingam's second wife; Prabhavathi's mother; Viji and Geetha's step-mother; Srinivasan and Brindha's grandmother; Prasad's adoptive grandmother (Dead)
* Bhuvana as Geetha – Mahalingam and Janaki's younger daughter; Padmavati's step-daughter; Viji's sister; Prabhavati's half-sister; Shiva's wife
* Charukesh as Shiva – Geetha's husband
* [[Vasu Vikram]] as Velumani aka Velu – Prabhavathi's cousin and sidekick; Roja's husband (Dead)
* D. Priyanka as Roja – Sharadha's maid; Velu's wife
* [[Vatsala Rajagopal]] as Ambujam – Vaidhegi's mother; Kaveri's grandmother
* [[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]] as Eeswarapaandian aka Eshwaran – A business tycoon; Rajeshwari's widower; Sharadha and Sakthi's father; Yogi's uncle
* [[Latha (actress)|Latha]] as Rajeshwari – Eeswarapaandian's wife; Sharadha and Sakthi's mother; Yogi's aunt (Dead)
* Vincent Roy as Vishwanathan MLA – Eshwaran's former friend; Sharadha's enemy; Sakthi's murderer
* Rohit as Suriya – Viji's former lover
* Vasuki as Sundari
* [[Junior Balaiah]] as James; Jennifer's husband and Daniel's father
* Viji Kannan as Jennifer; James wife and Daniel's mother
* [[Charuhasan]] as Ramu's mate in ashram
* Ramamani Monalisa as Ramu's mate in ashram
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Anand; Viji's ex-husband
* Nandhakumar as Anand's house owner
* [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]] as Gauthami
* [[K. S. Jayalakshmi]] as Anand's mother
* [[Poovilangu Mohan]] as Marudhappan; Charulatha's father
* [[Pasi Sathya]] as Kannan's mother
* Vishwa as Nagu (Srikumar), Kaveri's former lover
* [[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Ramasamy
* Kavi as Mallika (Sharadha's maid and Subbaiah's wife)
* Kumaresan as Subbaiah (Saratha's servant and Mallika's husband)
* Akash as Sreedhar
* [[Bombay Gnanam]] as Sreedhar's mother
* Mali as Kannan's brother
* [[R. N. K. Prasad]] as D. V. Reddy
* Vizhuthugal Santhanam as Prabhavathi's lawyer/judge
* A. Thamizh Kumaran as V. Thamizh Kumaran
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Prabhavathi's lawyer
* Sangeetha Balan as Thamizharasan's wife
* Geethalakshmi as Nagu's assistant
* Isaac Varghese as Dandapani (Isaac Sekhar)
* Srilekha Rajendran as Kamini's mother
* Sheik Mohammed (Raj Madan) as Sangeetha's father
* Gowthami Vembunathan as Gayathri, Sangeetha's mother
* Vijayaraj as a collector office staff
* Rathnaraj as an undercover police officer
* Padmini as a police inspector
* Lollu Sabha Palani as Kaveri Garments staff
* Sampath Ram as a police inspector
* Devaraj as Prakash
* Vijay Anand as Saradha's former colleague
* Padayappa Ramesh as a police inspector
* K. Krishnamurthy as Mahalingam' lawyer
* D. Srinivasan (Manager Cheena Srinivasan) as Prasad's auditor
* Sregajesh as a bus passenger
* R. Krishnamachary as Sarangan
* R. Murugan (Yuvanraj Nethran) as Venkateshan
* [[Meesai Murugesan]] as Narasimman's father
* Adade Manohar as Parthasarathy
* Valli Suresh as Mythili
* Sumangali as Sumangali
* Soumyanarayanan as Narasimman/police inspector
* [[Chelladurai]] as a marriage broker
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as Chakradevan
* Kaladhar Parthasarathy as a foreman
* Iyyappan Kobee (Ala Kasi Viswanathan) as Muthukkalai, Viswanathan's aide
* Vasantha as a spectator in the court
* Jayasurya as Eashwarapandiyan's henchman
* Sampathkumaran Sridharan as a temple priest
* [[Lollu Sabha Swaminathan]] as the temple priest's accountant
* Srividya as a girl affected by the paint factory pollution
* Sudhangan as himself
* Muthulingam in a special appearance as himself
* [[Arivumathi|Mathiazhagan]] (Arivumathi) in a special appearance as himself
}}

==Production==
===Filming===
The series was filmed in [[Chennai]], [[Kallidaikurichi]], [[Tenkasi]], [[Srirangam]], and [[Kumbakonam]] in [[India]].

==Soundtrack==
The title song and the background score was composed by the music director [[Dhina]] lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = [[Kanninmani Kanninmani]] கண்ணின்மணி கண்ணின்மணி
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra1 = [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 3:07
| title2 = Vaanathai Nokki வானத்தை நோக்கி
| lyrics2 = [[M. H. M. Ashraff|Virutchamuni]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length2 = 4:54
}}

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 90%; margin-right: 0;"
! style="background:yellow; width:10%;" | Language
! style="background:yellow; width:25%;" | Title
! style="background:yellow; width:20%;" | Original release
! style="background:yellow; width:10%;" | Network(s)
! style="background:yellow; width:10%;" | Last aired
! style="background:yellow; width:10%;" | Notes
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''Chithi''
| 20 December 1999
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 1 November 2001
| Original
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Parvathi''
| 14 August 2000
| [[Surya TV]]
| 20 October 2000
| rowspan="4" | Remake
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''Chhoti Maa...Ek Anokha Bandhan''
| 3 August 2001
| [[Zee TV]]
| 16 May 2002
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]]
| ''Mausi''
| 2001
| ETV Odia
| 2002
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Chikkamma''
| 2010
| [[Udaya TV]]
| 2011
|}

==Reception==
Chithi became one of the most watched Indian soap opera and most watched Tamil program at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TAM ratings continue to show Star Plus shows on top|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/sep/sep14.htm?amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530121140/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/sep/sep14.htm?amp|archive-date=30 May 2021|website=Indian Television dot com|date=7 September 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/tvguide/channelchips/chip08.asp|title=Chithi: Mother of all serials|website=Chennai Online|access-date=2 January 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030225121421/http://www.chennaionline.com/tvguide/channelchips/chip08.asp|archive-date=25 February 2003}}</ref> In week 26 of 2000, it was one of the most watched Indian serial with 4.67 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=As Dead As D.D.?|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20010806/feature7.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028070600/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20010806/feature7.html|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=|website=Digital Today}}</ref> Overall in 2000, it was the seventeenth most watched Indian television program with 4.45 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2000's Top Shows In All Cable and Satellite Homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/datamonitor/y2k/cs.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406075401/http://www.indiantelevision.com/datamonitor/y2k/cs.htm|archive-date=2012-04-06|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref> From 30 April 2001 to 6 May 2001 and the following week it was at fourth position in All TV homes ratings with 4.7 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Numero Uno shows in C&S and all TV homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=30/04/2001&endperiod=6/5/2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601045344/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=30%2F04%2F2001&endperiod=6%2F5%2F2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|archive-date=1 June 2007|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Numero Uno shows in C&S and all TV homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=7/5/2001&endperiod=13/05/2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601045630/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=7%2F5%2F2001&endperiod=13%2F05%2F2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|archive-date=1 June 2007|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref> On 3 October 2001, it garnered 5.55 TVR.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=|title=TAM's top 10 in Cable & Satellite homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30/9/2001&endperiod=6/10/2001|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035514/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30%2F9%2F2001&endperiod=6%2F10%2F2001|archivedate=29 June 2011|accessdate=6 August 2011|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/VisionTimeTamizh Vision Time on YouTube]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official Website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/suntv Sun TV on YouTube]
* [http://www.suntv.in/ Sun TV Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325005918/http://www.suntv.in/ |date=25 March 2018 }} {{in lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190412165809/http://www.sun.in/ Sun Group] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110731175803/http://www.rajshritamil.com/TVShow/Chithi Chithi at the ''rajshritamil.com'']

{{Sun TV shows}}{{Works by Radaan Mediaworks}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:1999 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2001 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Television series by Radaan Mediaworks]]

Trinity Saioo

2026-03-15T05:59:40Z

Aidan93118681: made basic details added tags

{{Short description|Indian agriculturalist and teacher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Shri]]
| name = Trinity Saioo
| image =
| alt = Photo of Trinity Saioo
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|12|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mulieh village, [[West Jaintia Hills district]], [[Meghalaya]], India
| occupation = [[Teacher]]
| known_for = Contributions to Lakadong Turmeric Farming
}}

'''Trinity Saioo''' is an Indian teacher known for her contributions to promoting Indigenous farming practices especially cultivating the [[Lakadong turmeric]] in [[Meghalaya]], [[India]]. She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2020 for her contributions in agriculture.

==Early life==
Saioo was born and raised in Mulieh village in the [[West Jaintia Hills district]] of Meghalaya, [[India]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}} Her husband is a farmer. They have six children.<ref name=":4" />

==Awards==

Saioo received the [[Padma Shri]] award on the 71st Republic Day in 2020 for her outstanding contributions to turmeric farming and the upliftment of women in agriculture.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Mancombu |first1=Subramani Ra |title=Turmeric Trinity' to promote unique Meghalaya 'Makhir' ginger |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/turmeric-trinity-to-promote-unique-meghalaya-makhir-ginger/article67405191.ece |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=The Hindu Business Line|date=11 October 2023 }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite web |last1=Jain |first1=Sanya |title=Meghalaya Woman Who Led Turmeric Farming Movement Receives Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/trinity-saioo-meghalaya-woman-who-led-turmeric-farming-movement-receives-padma-shri-2176657 |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=NDTV|date=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web |title=Meghalaya Teacher Grows Unique Turmeric, Helps 900+ Farmers Triple Their Income! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/175014/meghalaya-teacher-turmeric-farmers-triple-income/ |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=The Better India|date=14 March 2019 |last=Karelia|first=Gopi}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{cite web |title=TurmericBrochure |url=https://nhb.gov.in/pdf/TurmericBrochure.pdf |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=National Horticulture Board}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saioo, Trinity}}
[[Category:Indian agriculturalists]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]

{{India-scientist-stub}}

Kavacham (2018 film)

2026-03-10T22:28:34Z

Aidan93118681: cleanup layout also and corrected details per standard format

{{short description|2018 action thriller film by Sreenivas Mamilla}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kavacham
| image = Kavacham 2018.jpg
| alt = Three men; one on the left wearing a coat is staring at the one in the centre with rope on his right hand, while the third one is looking straight at the camera.
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Sreenivas Mamilla
| producer = Chaganti Santaiah
| screenplay = Sreenivas Mamilla
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]||[[Neil Nitin Mukesh]]||[[Kajal Aggarwal]]||[[Mehreen Pirzada]]|[[Harshvardhan Rane]]}}
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| cinematography = [[Chota K. Naidu]]
| editing = Chota K. Prasad
| studio = Vamsadhara Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|12|7}}
| runtime = 143 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Kavacham''''' ({{translation|Armour}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by Sreenivas Mamilla (his directorial debut). It stars [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]], [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]] (his Telugu debut), [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Mehreen Pirzada]] and [[Harshvardhan Rane]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=7 December 2018 |title='Kavacham' review: Masala-laden armour |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kavacham-masala-laden-armour/article25689502.ece |access-date=28 March 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2018 |title=Kavacham movie review :It's a regular action formula film! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/091218/kavacham-movie-review-its-a-regular-action-formula-film.html |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref> Set in [[Vizag]], the plot revolves around a police officer, who becomes a fugitive after being framed for a kidnapping, and must race against time in order to get his name cleared and catch the actual perpetrator.

''Kavacham'' was released on 7 December 2018, and became a [[Box office bomb|commercial failure]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavacham Final Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=5351&cid=6&fid=6016 |publisher=AndhraBoxOffice.com}}</ref> It was later dubbed in [[Hindi]] as ''Inspector Vijay'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Hero Breaks Pawan Kalyan's YouTube Record |url=https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/05/01/young-hero-breaks-pawan-kalyans-youtube-record |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809105902/https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/05/01/young-hero-breaks-pawan-kalyans-youtube-record |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Inspector Vijay saves a girl, Lavanya, from goons and finds out she was going to elope with her boyfriend. He drops her at the rendezvous and, while waiting for her boyfriend, starts telling her about how he fell for Samyukta, café waitress, after she returned him his lost purse. In the meanwhile, he also fought and got a criminal named Ajay Bhupati arrested for kidnapping a girl. Back to his personal life, he was left heartbroken to learn about Samyukta's engagement.

Vijay takes the girl to his house after her boyfriend doesn't turn up. The next morning, finding out that her boyfriend cheated on her, Vijay drops the girl at a bus stop where they witness his mother's accident. At the hospital, the doctor demands an unaffordable sum of 50 lakh rupees for the operation. The girl, revealing herself to be billionaire Mahendra Varma's niece, asks him to fake her kidnapping and demand 50 lakhs as ransom. She convinces Vijay that by doing this, she would also be accepted by her family members since no one would question her disappearance. Following the call, Mahendra's son Vikramaditya Varma informs the police and is accompanied by them to the rendezvous, where Vijay intelligently acquires the ransom without revealing his identity. He deposits the money at the hospital, following which his mother is saved. Vijay drops the girl at a bus stop and informs Mahendra about it. On his way home, he witnesses a car accident. Finding the driver severely injured, Vijay calls the ambulance and sends him to the hospital.

The next day, he learns that Samyukta is the actual niece of Mahendra Varma and that he has been framed for kidnapping her. Without revealing his identity, Ajay Bhupathi calls Vijay to tell him his game is over. With the help of his trusted Constable P. Sudarshan, Vijay locates Ajay and thrashes him but is shocked upon first learning he's not the kidnapper and then finding the corpse of the girl he had saved from goons. Upon being noticed, he is chased by cops but is rescued by Vaishnavi, Samyukta's friend. Revealing that Samyukta too loved him, she admits having lied about her engagement in order to test him. She also reveals Samyukta last called from a shopping mall. Through the mall's CCTV footage, Vijay learns of her kidnapping and, by tracing the kidnapper's vehicle number, finds him to be Aravindh, who lives at Aravindh Villa. Along with Vaishnavi, he goes to Aravindh Villa and, by looking at the pictures hanging there, realizes that Aravindh is the same man he had sent to hospital on the night of his accident. He had, however kept his phone with himself in order to answer if his family members called. Vikramaditya is revealed to be the conspirator when he calls on Aravindh's phone, and it's answered by Vijay who reveals the only mistake Vikramaditya made was to call him with the same phone Vijay had asked him to replace his own phone with, while acquiring the ransom.

Vikramaditya then reveals that Samyukta had decided to work as a café waitress in order to first understand the mindset of her customers, and since his father had chosen her over him to become his company's heir, he conspired to kill her. He first got her kidnapped and then got Vijay, as he loved her, framed for her kidnapping with the help of Lavanya, his girlfriend and the girl he had saved from goons. He also got his mother attacked in order to make him need money and thus execute the fake kidnapping. At the hospital, Aravindh is interrogated by Vikramaditya and reveals he couldn't kill Samyukta as she had tricked him into transferring all his money into her account. Leaving her in a secret chamber and following Vikramaditya's orders, he had gone to kill Lavanya, who in turn attacked him with a stone before getting killed herself. Injured, he couldn't drive properly and met with an accident. Vikramaditya kills Aravindh and informs Vijay about Samyukta's location while arriving at Aravindh villa himself to kill her. Vijay surprises him by revealing he had already rescued her and dropped Vaishnavi at a safe point, telling her to call the police. On his way to meet the commissioner, he learns that his mother has been taken hostage and, along with Samyukta, arrives on the spot where he fights off Vikramaditya and his goons, rescuing his mother and getting Vikramaditya arrested.

During the end credit scenes, Samyukta is declared the heir of S. company and confesses her love to Vijay.

== Cast ==
*[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]] as Inspector Bellamkonda Vijay, an honest police officer who gets accused of kidnapping Samyukta Chaganti
*[[Neil Nitin Mukesh]] as Vikramaditya Varma, Mahendra Varma's son and Samyukta's cousin and kidnapper
*[[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Samyukta Chaganti, Mahendra Varma's niece and Vijay's love interest who gets kidnapped
*[[Mehreen Pirzada]] as Lavanya, a girl Vijay meets and saves and Mahendra Varma's fake niece and Vikramaditya's girlfriend
*[[Harshvardhan Rane]] as Aravindh, Vikramaditya's Henchmen & Main Kidnapper
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Chintakayala Aavesam IPS
*[[Mukesh Rishi]] as Mahendra Varma, Vikramaditya's father
*[[Harish Uthaman]] as Sarath Chandra [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
*[[Kalyani Natarajan]] as Vijay's mother
* [[Apoorva Srinivasan]] as Vaishnavi, Samyuktha's best friend
*[[Satyam Rajesh]] as Constable P. Sudarshan, Vijay's friend
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Ajay Bhupati
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Seenu
*Prabhu as Doctor

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[S. Thaman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kavacham (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1OdgqaWYauOHOl2HrqXkBK |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Kavacham (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| cover =
|alt =
| released = 2018
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = {{plainlist|
*[[Aditya Music]]}}
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Amar Akbar Anthony (2018 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Orange (2018 film)|Orange]]
| next_year = 2018
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:57
| title1 = Naa Aduge Padithey
| extra1 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| lyrics1 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| length1 = 4:24
| title2 = Tu Hi Mera
| extra2 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| lyrics2 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| length2 = 3:47
| title3 = Dulhara Dulhara
| extra3 = [[T. Sreenidhi|Sreenidhi Tirumala]]
| lyrics3 = [[Sri Mani]]
| length3 = 4:49
| title4= Vasthava Pillaa
| extra4= Aditya Iyenegar, Parnika
| lyrics4= Ramajogayya Sastry
| length4= 3:44
| title5= Nalugu Pedavulu
| extra5= Hanuman, Aditi Bavaraju
| lyrics5 = Chandrabose
| length5 = 3:50
}}

== Production ==
Producer chaganti santaiah announced that he would produce [[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]]'s next film under his newly created production house, ''Vamsadhara Creations''. Kajal Aggarwal was cast as the lead heroine. Naveen Chandra was originally cast as the main antagonist for the film, but was subsequently replaced by Hindi actor, Neil Nitin Mukesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=Neil Nitin Mukesh to star in Bellamkonda Srinivas' upcoming film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/neil-nitin-mukesh-star-bellamkonda-srinivas-upcoming-film-78090 |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>

== Release ==

The film was released on 7 December 2018. It was also later dubbed and released in Hindi as ''Inspector Vijay'' on [[YouTube]] by RKD Studios on 28 April 2019.

=== Critical reception ===

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo from The Hindu wrote that "A sliver of a story lies buried under the painstaking efforts to create a star aura" and criticises the film's reliance on over used cliches.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2018-12-07 |title='Kavacham' review: Masala-laden armour |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kavacham-masala-laden-armour/article25689502.ece |access-date=2019-01-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Srivastan Nadadhur, from The Times of India, gave it a 2/5, stating that "Even if the story seems intriguing on a certain level, the filmmaker Sreenivas Mamilla seems more interested in making the hero wear smart tees, romance the ladies in scenic locations and have him thrash the goons to a pulp sequence after sequence." He wrote that "Kavacham should serve as an ideal reminder to Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas that he needs to go beyond blazers, uniforms and abroad shoots to make a good film."<ref>{{Citation |title=Kavacham Review {2/5}: Kavacham is a shield that should rather be given to a viewer who tolerates this film |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/kavacham/movie-review/66984354.cms |access-date=2019-01-27}}</ref>

Manoj Kumar R from The Indian Express gave it a 1/5: "As far as the story goes, Kavacham doesn't have anything fresh to offer. It is just a star-vehicle that is intended to boost the young career of Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas." He remarks that the heroines, Kajal and Mehreen, are not much more than "damsels in distress" and that the character of Neil Nitin Mukesh eventually "is reduced to nothing but a clown."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-07 |title=Kavacham movie review: A deeply formulaic potboiler that tests our patience |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kavacham-bellamkonda-sreenivas-kajal-aggarwal-5483701/ |access-date=2019-01-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|9253188}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2018 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Cambodia]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Films about child abduction in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2010s police films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]

Agra Affair

2026-03-05T23:36:37Z

Aidan93118681: made post

{{Short description|Hindi romantic drama series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Agra Affair.jpeg
| genre = Romantic drama
| writer = Sankalp Raj Tripathi Tatsat Pandey Abhinav Vaidya
| director = Mandar Kurundkar
| starring = Aakash Dahiya [[Harshita Gaur]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = [[MX Player]]
| released = {{Start date|2025|01|08|df=y}}
}}

'''''Agra Affair''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language romantic drama series directed by Mandar Kurundkar and written by Sankalp Raj Tripathi, Tatsat Pandey, and Abhinav Vaidya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Agra Affair writer Sankalp Raj Tripathi reveals USP of show; admits writing romance now is ‘challenging’ as compared to ‘90s |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-agra-affair-writer-sankalp-raj-tripathi-reveals-usp-of-show-admits-writing-romance-now-is-challenging-as-compared-to-90s-1366409 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref> The series stars Aakash Dahiya as Aakash,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=From Triptii Dimri, Sonakshi Sinha to Chitrangda Singh: Red outfits inspired by actresses for this Valentine’s Day : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/triptii-dimri-sonakshi-sinha-chitrangda-singh-red-outfits-inspired-actresses-valentines-day/ |access-date=2025-02-21 |language=en}}</ref> a cook who dreams of opening his restaurant, and actress [[Harshita Gaur]] as Tanvi, a tour guide navigating a career in a predominantly male field.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Affair: Beyond a love triangle, Harshita Gaur's next is on self-discovery through travel |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/agra-affair-beyond-a-love-triangle-harshita-gaurs-next-is-on-self-discovery-through-travel/c2ce24c726471 |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Affair Review: Just Another Romantic Cliché |url=https://vocal.media/geeks/agra-affair-review-just-another-romantic-cliche?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-21}}</ref>

== Plot summary ==
Aakash manages his family's declining establishment, Hotel Aalishan, while nurturing dreams of establishing a restaurant catering to international tourists. Tanvi, a determined tour guide, partners with Aakash to revitalize the hotel. As their professional relationship deepens, Aakash develops unrequited feelings for Tanvi. The story further complicates when Aakash finds solace in Megha (Chakori Dwivedi), prompting Tanvi to confront her own emotions, leading to a nuanced exploration of love and timing.

== Cast and characters ==

* Aakash Dahiya as Aakash
* [[Harshita Gaur]] as Tanvi
* Chakori Dwivedi as Megha
* Pratik Pachauri as Kookie
* Aman Gupta as Rakesh Aggarwal
* Shravan Kumar as Bantu
* Siddhant Raj Tripathi as Rishi
* Aparna Upadhyay as Chandni Sachdeva
* Diwakar Dhyani as Alok Sachdeva
* Neetu Jhanjhi as Anurupa Aggarwal

== Critical reception ==
Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the series 3 out of 5 stars, noting its "heartfelt performances, vibrant setting, and emotional storytelling." She mentioned that while the plot is familiar, its execution is genuine and engaging.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Agra Affair Season 1 Review : Aakash Dahiya and Harshita Gaur shines in this simple tale of love, dreams, and self-discovery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/agra-affair/season-1/seasonreview/117059482.cms |access-date=2025-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Farhad Dalal of ''Popcorn Reviews'' commented "The first season of Agra Affair showcases the bittersweet chronicles of love while boasting of solid performances that make for a light and breezy watch."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-08 |title=Agra Affair Series Review (Season 1) - The Bittersweet Chronicles Of Love Boasting Of Good Performances! |url=https://popcornreviewss.com/agra-affair-2025-series-review/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=Popcorn Reviewss |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The series premiered on [[MX Player|Amazon MX Player]] in January 2025. The official trailer was released on [[YouTube]].<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2025 web series endings]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]

Debina Bonnerjee

2026-03-05T07:15:15Z

Aidan93118681: updated page

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Debina Bonnerjee
| image = Debina_Bonnerjee_in_2023.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Bonnerjee in February 2023
| birth_name = Debina Banerjee
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|04|18}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2003–present
| notable_works = {{ubl|''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]''|''[[Chidiya Ghar]]''|''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Gurmeet Choudhary]]|2011}}
| children = 2
| other_names =
}}

'''Debina Bonnerjee''' (born 18 April 1983<ref>{{Cite web |title=At Debina Bonnerjee's 40th Birthday Bash - Husband Gurmeet, Ankita-Vicky, Mahi Vij And Others |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/at-debina-bonnerjees-40th-birthday-bash-husband-gurmeet-ankita-vicky-mahi-vij-and-others-3961253 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=Debina Bonnerjee twins with daughters in white at her birthday bash |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/debina-bonnerjee-twins-with-daughters-in-white-at-her-birthday-bash-101681874195837.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>) is an Indian actress who appears predominantly in [[Hindi]] films and television. Bonnerjee is best known for her portrayal of [[Sita]] in ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]'', Mayuri Narayan in ''[[Chidiya Ghar]]'' and [[Indrani|Poulomi]] in ''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''. She has been part of films such as ''[[Ammayilu Abbayilu]]'' (2003), ''[[Nanjundi]]'' (2003) and ''[[Perarasu (film)|Perarasu]]'' (2006). She participated in reality shows ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 6|Nach Baliye 6]]'' and ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi 5|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5]]'', becoming the first runner-up and third runner-up respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How TV's Ram-Sita, Gurmeet Choudhary And Debina Bonnerjee, Fell In Love|url=https://www.idiva.com/relationships-love/love-stories/the-love-story-of-gurmeet-choudhary-and-debina-bonnerjee/17075800|access-date=2024-06-15 |website=www.idiva.com|date=26 April 2018 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee snapped at Ravi Dubeys birthday.jpg|left|thumb|272x272px|Bonnerjee with her husband [[Gurmeet Choudhary]]]]
On 15 February 2011, Bonnerjee married actor [[Gurmeet Choudhary]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debina Bonnerjee-Gurmeet Choudhary Marry Again But This Time In Bengali Tradition |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tv-news-gurmeet-choudhary-debina-bonnerjee-marry-again-this-time-bengali-tradition-view-pics-5021897/ |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=india.com |language=en}}</ref> On 4 October 2021, they married again.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debina Bonnerjee And Gurmeet Choudhary "Finally" Have A Bengali Wedding, 10 Years After They Got Married |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/debina-bonnerjee-and-gurmeet-choudhary-finally-have-a-bengali-wedding-10-years-after-they-got-married-2563438 |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurmeet Choudhary-Debina Bonnerjee renew their vows in Bengali wedding in Kolkata |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/gurmeet-choudhary-debina-bonnerjee-renew-their-vows-in-bengali-wedding-in-kolkata-1861053-2021-10-05 |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=India Today |date=5 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> On 3 April 2022, they had their first child, Lianna Choudhary<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2022 |title=Debina Bonnerjee-Gurmeet Choudhary welcome baby girl, share her first video: 'With utmost gratitude…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/debina-bonnerjee-gurmeet-choudhary-welcome-baby-girl-share-first-video-with-utmost-gratitude-7851952/ |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Debina Bonnerjee and Gurmeet Choudhary become parents to baby girl, share first glimpse of child.|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/debina-bonnerjee-and-gurmeet-choudhary-become-parents-to-baby-girl-share-first-glimpse-of-child-watch-video-101649051887736.html |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> On 11 November 2022, they had their second child, another girl, Divisha Choudhary.

She is also fluent in languages such as [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/debina-bonnerjee-and-gurmeet-choudhary-bring-their-new-born-daughter-home-with-a-cute-surprise-see-pics/articleshow/95578609.cms#scso=_kfd2Y5zQHo7OseMPwbqK0AU_160:353 | title=Debina Bonnerjee and Gurmeet Choudhary bring their new born daughter home with a cute surprise; see pics | newspaper=The Times of India | date=17 November 2022 }}</ref>

==Career==
In 2008, she was well known for playing the role [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmi]] in the television soap opera ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gurmeet's fights with Debina keep their bond strong! - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gurmeet-chaudhry-and-debina-bonnerjee-bonded-to-each-other/articleshow/32840417.cms |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=28 March 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

Her first television role was in the Tamil TV serial ''[[Mayavi (TV series)|Mayavi]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Exclusive - Gurmeet and I would actually fight about who would get into the makeup seat first, so the other could catch up on some sleep: Debina Bonnerjee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-gurmeet-and-i-would-actually-fight-about-who-would-get-into-the-makeup-seat-first-so-the-other-could-catch-up-on-some-sleep-debina-bonnerjee/articleshow/76306731.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 June 2020 }}</ref> She also appeared as Mayuri in ''[[Chidiya Ghar]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Debina aka Mayuri of Chidiya Ghar goes glam as dance teacher - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/debina-aka-mayuri-of-chidiya-ghar-goes-glam-as-dance-teacher/articleshow/32965732.cms |access-date=18 January 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=4 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref> and in several [[reality television|reality shows]]. In 2019, she appeared in [[Colors TV]]'s show [[Vish (TV series)|''Vish: A Poisonous Story'']].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ramayan actors Gurmeet Choudhary and Debina Bonnerjee auditioned for Raghuvansh; were kept in the dark till the day of the shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ramayan-actors-gurmeet-choudhary-and-debina-bonnerjee-auditioned-for-raghuvansh-were-kept-in-the-dark-till-the-day-of-the-shoot/articleshow/75846869.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 May 2020 }}</ref>

From August 2025 to November 2025, she participated in Colors TV's reality show, ''[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check|Pati Patni Aur Panga]]'' along with her husband, [[Gurmeet Choudhary]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=29 July 2025|title=From Hina Khan- Rocky Jaiswal to Debina Bonnerjee- Gurmeet Chaudhary, Rubina Dilaik-Abhinav Shukla and more: Pati Patni Panga stars' first look from the sets of the show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-hina-rocky-to-debina-gurmeet-rubina-abhinav-and-more-pati-patni-panga-stars-first-look-from-the-sets-of-the-show/photostory/122973868.cms|access-date=31 July 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2003
| ''[[Indian Babu]]''
| Ms. Thakur
| [[Hindi]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ammayilu Abbayilu]]''
| Manju
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/guys-and-gals-sans-spice/article28398246.ece|title=Guys and gals sans spice|date=3 February 2003|access-date=1 March 2022|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208041559/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/guys-and-gals-sans-spice/article28398246.ece|archive-date=8 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nanjundi]]''
| Soundarya
| [[Kannada]]
|
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Perarasu (film)|Perarasu]]''
| Aishwarya
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-12-16 |title=Vijaykanth- Desperate for a hit? |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13630559 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050122015653/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13630559 |archive-date=22 January 2005 |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''Akash Akhono Nil''
| {{Unknown}}
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Six (film)|Six]]''
| Herself
| Telugu
| Special appearance in song "Surru Surru"
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Khamoshiyan]]''
| Simran
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-30 |title=Khamoshiyan movie review: It does exactly what you expect |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/khamoshiyan-movie-review-it-does-exactly-what-you-expect/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Shubho Bijoya''
| Bijoya
| Short film
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Mayavi (TV series)|Mayavi]]''
| Shakthi
| Tamil series
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/10-times-debina-gurmeet-gave-us-major-relationship-goals-318562-2016-04-18|title=Mayavi: The first serial for Debina Bonnerjee|work=India Today|date=18 April 2016 |access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Ramayan (2008 TV series)|Ramayan]]''
| [[Sita]] / [[Lakshmi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/26sld2.htm|title=Meet the Sita of New Ramayan|website=Rediff.com|date=26 June 2008|accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Pati Patni Aur Woh (TV series)|Pati Patni Aur Woh]]''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''
| Kajal
|
|
|-
| 2011–2014
| ''[[Chidiya Ghar]]''
| Mayuri Narayan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Debina's Taandav leaves Sumit surprised |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/debina-bonnerjee-sumit-arora-mayuri-gomukh-chidiya-ghar/articleshow/33660267.cms |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=13 April 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
| ''[[Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout]]''
| rowspan="5"| Contestant
|
|
|-
| ''Star Ya Rockstar''
|
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 5|Nach Baliye Shriman v/s Shrimati]]''
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/television/nach-baliye-shriman-vs-shrimati-ends-in-a-tie/article1-1048442.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221192355/http://www.hindustantimes.com/television/nach-baliye-shriman-vs-shrimati-ends-in-a-tie/article1-1048442.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2015|title=Nach Baliye Shriman vs Shrimati ends in a tie|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 6|Nach Baliye 6]]''
| 1st runner-up
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi 5|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5]]''
| 3rd runner-up
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIX: Meet the contestants of Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-meet-the-contestants-of-fear-factor-khatron-ke-khiladi-5/20140131.htm|website=Rediff.com |accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Yam Hain Hum]]''
| [[Yama|Dhumorna]]
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Dr. Madhumati On Duty]]''
| Dr. Madhumati
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Debina-Bonnerjee-sizzles-in-a-red-sari-as-she-shoots-for-Dr-Madhumati-On-Duty-promo/articleshow/53446614.cms|title=Debina Bonnerjee sizzles in a red sari as she shoots for 'Dr Madhumati On Duty' promo|website=The Times of India |date=29 July 2016 |accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017
| ''[[Santoshi Maa (TV series)|Santoshi Maa]]''
| [[Indrani|Poulomi]]
|
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
| Vidya "Vidu"
| Episode: "Antarmahal"
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Vish (TV series)|Vish]]''
| Vishaili / Sabrina Kothari
|
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]''
| Mallika / Parveena
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 2020 |title=Debina Bonnerjee speaks about working in Aladdin; shares why she is in love with her 'villainous' character |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/debina-bonnerjee-speaks-about-working-in-aladdin-shares-why-she-is-in-love-with-her-villainous-character/articleshow/74872847.cms |access-date=12 October 2024 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check]]''
|rowspan="2"|Contestant
|1st runner-up
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=26 May 2025|title=Gurmeet-Debina, Hina-Rocky to compete in new reality show Pati, Patni Aur Panga|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/television/story/gurmeet-choudhary-debina-bonnerjee-hina-khan-rocky-jaiswal-colors-tv-pati-patni-aur-panga-2730632-2025-05-26|access-date=31 July 2025|work=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025–2026
|''[[Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment season 3]]''
|
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Welcome – Baazi Mehmaan Nawazi Ki]]''
| House Guest
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Nadaniyaan]]''
| Chandu's friend
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Killerr Karaoke Atka Toh Latkah]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2016
| ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
| Kiku Sharda's wife
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2016 |title=Debina Bonnerjee to play Kiku Sharda's wife in Kapil Sharma's show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/debina-bonnerjee-to-play-kiku-shardas-wife-in-kapil-sharmas-show/articleshow/52938169.cms |access-date=11 August 2017 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Tenali Rama (TV series)|Tenali Rama]]''
| Mohini
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Khichdi (2018 TV series)|Khichdi]]''
| Painter
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Debina Bonnerjee's hilarious throwback video from Khichdi ft. Praful Parekh sure to leave you in splits |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/video-debina-bonnerjee-s-hilarious-throwback-video-from-khichdi-ft-praful-parekh-sure-to-leave-you-in-splits-708306 |access-date=10 January 2022 |work=India TV}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
| ''[[Kitchen Champion]]''
| rowspan="4" | Herself
|
|-
| ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Bigg Boss 15]]''
|
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|debina-choudhary}}
*{{IMDb name|8245509}}
*{{Instagram|debinabon}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Nach Baliye 6}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonnerjee, Debina}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Tamil television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]

Shravani Subramanya

2026-03-03T21:34:20Z

Aidan93118681: made first info w/ infobox

{{Short description|2013 Indian Kannada-language romantic comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shravani Subramanya
| image = Shravani Subramanya.jpg
| caption = First look of the film
| director = [[Manju Swaraj (Director)|Manju Swaraj]]
| producer = K. A. Suresh
| writer = Manju Swaraj
| screenplay = Manju Swaraj
| story = Manju Swaraj
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] [[Amulya]]
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = B. Suresh Babu
| editing = Basavaraj urs
| studio = Suresh Arts
| narrator = [[Sudeep]]
| distributor = Jayanna Combines
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|12|27}}
| runtime = 2 hours 42 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Shravani Subramanya''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಶ್ರಾವಣಿ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by Manju Swaraj and produced by K. A Suresh under his home production banner Suresh Arts Productions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131228052629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-18/news-interviews/40656042_1_shravani-subramanya-amulya-cheluvina-chittara First look of Shravani Subramanya]</ref> The film features [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Amulya]] in lead roles. This is the second collaboration of both stars after the 2007 blockbuster hit ''[[Cheluvina Chittara]]''. Amulya makes her comeback after a hiatus through this film.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130503014627/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/93184.html Amoolya back]</ref>

The film features the score and soundtrack composed by [[V. Harikrishna]]. The principal photography of the film began at [[Mysore]] around the Lalit Mahal palace and has been progressing at a brisk pace in the same city.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140202191758/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-19/news-interviews/37178975_1_pani-puri-amoolya-ganesh Shravani Subramanya shoot progresses in Mysore]</ref> The first teaser of the film was released on [[YouTube]] website by the producer on 29 June 2013. [[Amulya]] won Best Actress Award at [[61st Filmfare Awards South]] for her Performance.<ref>[http://trendingriver.com/61st-filmfare-south-awards-2014-list-of-winners/ 61st Filmfare South Awards 2014 Results: List of Winners]</ref>

==Plot==
Shravani is a final-year college student in [[Mandya]]. She is the daughter of Kempegowda, the head of the village. She is a prankster and is loved by her family. Subramanya is a aspiring musician in [[Mysore]] who aspires to be a music director and tries to impress the music directors with his skills, but to no avail. Shravani is smitten by Sudeep who proposes to her. Though initially taken aback by the proposal, they decide to elope. However, she learns that Sudeep is actually a womaniser/gangster and she tries to escape from him. Sudeep captures her, but she is saved by Subramanya, who thrashes Sudeep. Shravani jumps into a river to commit suicide but Subramanya saves her.

Shravani tells him that her parents will kill her if they learn that she was eloping with a gangster. Subramanya tells Shravani that he will pretend to be her lover for the time being and will divulge everything to Kempegowda eventually, and also ask Shravani to wear a fake [[mangalsutra]]. Believing the story, an enraged Kempegowda throws them out. Subramanya drops Shravani at her aunt's house in [[Mysore]], but she is not accepted. With Govinda's help, they decide to masquarde as a couple to Seetharam and Anuradha, who agree to lease them the house for free. Time passes by, Shravani and Subramanya grow close to each other. While thrashing Sudeep (who wants to exact revenge on Shravani) Subramanya meets Kempegowda and his brothers and reveals the truth.

Kempegowda and brothers realize their mistake and they take Shravani back to their house, leaving Shravani and Subramanya devastated. Subramanya is unable to cope up with the loss of Shravani, and Seetharam reveals that they knew Shravani and Subramanya are not a married couple, but offered them a place to stay as they looked after them like their parents. Seetharam, Anuradha and Subramanya convince Kempegowda and the family about Shravani marrying Subramanya. After seeing Subramanya's unconditional love for Shravani. Kempegowda allows the couple to reunite and agrees for their marriage, much to the happiness of the household. Thus Shravani and Subramanya reunite in the end.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Subramanya
* [[Amulya]] as Shravani
* [[Anant Nag]] as Seetharam
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Anuradha
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Kempegowda
* [[Yashas Surya]] as Sudeep
* [[Vinaya Prasad]]
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Govinda
*Neenasam Ashwath as Kumara
*Amith Vishwanath as Mango Seller
*Mamatha Ravuth as Komala, Govinda's Lover
*Suryakala Neenaasam
*Shanthamma as Shravani's Grandmother
*Renuka Prasad
*[[V. Manohar]] in a special appearance
*[[Parul Yadav]]
*[[Arjun Janya]] as himself in a cameo appearance
}}

==Production==
===Launch===
Director Manju Swaraj, who earlier directed a critically acclaimed film, ''[[Shishira]]'' announced the name of Shravani Subramanya in early 2012. He also refuted the rumors of a possible remake of Telugu film with the same name, ''[[Itlu Sravani Subramanyam]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/news-interviews/40286060_1_shravani-subramanya-shishira-teaser |title=Teaser of Shravani Subramanya is out - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229005744/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-30/news-interviews/40286060_1_shravani-subramanya-shishira-teaser |archive-date=29 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He roped in Ganesh and Amulya, thus re-uniting the pair after ''Cheluvina Chittara'' and also got the senior actors [[Ananth Nag]] and [[Tara Venu|Tara]] do the other pivotal roles.

===Filming===
The film was shot in and around the [[Mysore]] city. The crew has shot in Lalith Mahal Road and St Philomena Church, among others.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130806071827/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-26/news-interviews/37309082_1_ganesh-role-anant-nag Amulya’s look in Shravani Subramanya]</ref>

==Release==
The film was released worldwide. In Karnataka it released around 95+ screens, and next week it added around 43 screens. It also released in USA Germany and UK.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Shravani Subramanya
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cover = Shravani Subramanya audio.jpeg
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|12|13}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:52
| label = D Beats
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[V. Harikrishna]] composed the music for the film and the soundtracks. The soundtrack album marks the re-entry of veteran playback singer [[Manjula Gururaj]] after ten years.<ref>{{cite web |title= Exclusive Shravani Subramanya |url= http://www.sify.com/movies/exclusive-shravani-subramanya-news-kannada-nj0jemiecai.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929190549/http://www.sify.com/movies/exclusive-shravani-subramanya-news-kannada-nj0jemiecai.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2013-09-29 |website= sify.com }}</ref> The album consists of four soundtracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= Shravani Subramanya (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |url= https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/shravani-subramanya-original/id883241400 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140907235103/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/shravani-subramanya-original/id883241400 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 7 September 2014 |publisher= iTunes |date= |accessdate= 21 August 2014}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| total_length = 16:52
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aakalbenne
| lyrics1 = Prof. Krishne Gowda
| extra1 = [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length1 = 3:45
| title2 = Kannalle Kannittu
| lyrics2 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra2 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| length2 = 4:22
| title3 = Naguva Mogava
| lyrics3 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra3 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]
| length3 = 4:15
| title4 = Ninna Nodo
| extra4 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| lyrics4 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| length4 = 4:30
}}

==Critical response==
''Shravani Subramanya'' received positive reviews from critics upon its release. B. S. Srivani of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave the film a rating of four out of five and praised the roles of all the departments in the film and wrote, "Shravani seems to be tailor made for Amulya. She is the perfect foil for Ganesh, who is in fine form here."<ref>{{cite news |title= Beauty of simple pleasures |url= http://www.deccanherald.com/content/377133/beauty-simple-pleasures.html |newspaper= Deccan Herald |date= 27 December 2013 |accessdate= 15 February 2014}}</ref> G. Arun Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' too gave the film a rating of four stars out of five and wrote, "Ganesh makes a lasting impression on the viewer with his effortless performance, it is Amulya who steals the show with her bubbly act."<ref>{{cite news |title= Shravani Subramanya review |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Shravani-Subramanya/movie-review/28057525.cms |newspaper= The Times of India |date= 28 December 2013 |accessdate= 15 February 2014}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S. of ''Bangalore Mirror'' gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and praised the roles of directing, acting and the music departments in the film.<ref>{{cite news |title= Movie review: Shravani Subramanya |url= https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Shravani-Subramanya/articleshow/28018455.cms |newspaper= Bangalore Mirror |date= 27 December 2013 |accessdate= 15 February 2014}}</ref>

==Box office==
''Shravani Subramanya'' opened to decent occupation all over [[Karnataka]]. It collected around {{INRConvert|12|c}} in its first week after theatrical release and {{INRConvert|31|c}} after 100 days.<ref>{{cite news |title= Shravani Subramanya 25 Days Box Office Report |url= https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2014/shravani-subramanya-25-days-box-office-report-130281.html |publisher= Oneindia |date= 22 January 2014 |access-date= 15 February 2014}}</ref> The film was one of the major blockbusters of 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ninnindale makes way for Shravani Subramanya |url= http://www.chitraloka.com/news/4509-ninnindale-makes-way-for-shravani-subramanya.html |publisher= chitraloka.com |date= 31 January 2014 |accessdate= 15 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Brahma and Shravani Subramanya at war? |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Brahma-and-Shravani-Subramanya-at-war/articleshow/29892401.cms |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140215075502/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-05/news-interviews/47048533_1_shravani-subramanya-chandru-brahma |url-status= live |archive-date= 15 February 2014 |date= 5 February 2014 |newspaper= [[The Times of India]] |access-date= 15 February 2014}}</ref>

==Home media==
''Shravani Subramanya'' was released in [[DVD]] with [[Dolby Digital]] [[DTS (sound system)|DTS]] 5.1 audio and with English subtitles. The movie was also released in 3 in 1 [[DVD]] and [[VCD]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3171754}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shravani Subramanya}}
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Films directed by Manju Swaraj]]
[[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]

Trimeresurus cantori

2026-03-01T11:27:37Z

Aidan93118681: made initial article first draft - done

{{Short description|Species of snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>[[species:Pratyush P. Mohapatra|Mohapatra P]] (2021). "''Trimeresurus cantori'' ". The [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species 2021: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T194059A2295681.en. Accessed on 08 January 2022.</ref>
| image =
| genus = Trimeresurus
| species = cantori
| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1846)
| synonyms =
*''Trigonocephalus Cantori'' {{small|Blyth, 1846}}
*''Trimesurus viridis'' var. ''Cantori'' {{small|— Blyth, 1861}}
*''Trim''[''eresurus'']. ''Cantori'' {{small|— [[Ferdinand Stoliczka|Stoliczka]], 1870}}
*''Trimeresurus Cantoris'' {{small|Stoliczka, 1870}}
*''Lachesis cantoris'' {{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}}
*''Trimeresurus cantori'' {{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}<ref name=McD99>[[Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
*''Cryptelytrops cantori'' {{small|— [[species:Anita Malhotra|Malhotra]] & [[species:Roger S. Thorpe|Thorpe]], 2004}}
*''Trimeresurus (Trimeresurus) cantori'' {{small|— [[species:Patrick David|David]] et al., 2011}}<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Trimeresurus|species=cantori}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}

'''''Trimeresurus cantori''''', also [[Common name|commonly known]] as '''Cantor's pit viper'''<ref name=Bro73>[[John Haynes Brown|Brown, John Haynes]] (1973). ''Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes''. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73-229. {{ISBN|0-398-02808-7}}.</ref> or '''Cantor's pitviper''',<ref name=Gum04>[[species:Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[species:Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. First Edition. Berlin: GeitjeBooks. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[pit viper]] in the [[subfamily]] Crotalinae of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Viperidae]]. The species is native to the [[Nicobar Islands]] and possibly the [[Andaman Islands]] of the eastern [[Indian Ocean]].<ref name="ITIS"/> It was named after [[Theodore Edward Cantor]] (1809–1860), a [[Danes|Danish]] [[naturalist]] serving as a [[surgeon]] with the [[East India Company]] in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].<ref>[[Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[Michael Watkins (zoologist)|Watkins, Michael]]; [[Michael Grayson|Grayson, Michael]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Trimeresurus cantori'', p. 47).</ref> No [[subspecies]] are recognized as being valid.<ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS|id=634907|taxon=''Trimeresurus cantori ''|accessdate=27 September 2006}}</ref>

==Geographic range==
''Trimeresurus cantori'' is found in the [[Nicobar Islands]] (which are in the [[Bay of Bengal]]), [[India]], and possibly in the [[Andaman Islands]]. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given is "Nicobars".<ref name=McD99/>

==Description==
Adults of ''Trimeresurus cantori'' may attain a [[Snout-vent length|snout-to-vent length]] (SVL) of {{convert|115|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Das2002>[[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das I]] (2002). ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Trimeresurus cantori'', p. 65).</ref> [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]] reported that an adult female with a total length (tail included) of {{convert|102|cm|in|abbr=on}} had a tail {{convert|14|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=Blgr1896>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (''Lachesis cantoris'', p. 551).</ref>

This species varies in pattern and color. [[Dorsum (anatomy)|Dorsally]], it may be green, dark brown, or light brown. Green individuals may have yellow spots, and brown specimens may have darker spots. Running along each side of the head, below the eye and above the upper lip, is a cream-colored stripe. There is also a cream-colored stripe on the first row of [[dorsal scales]] on each side of the body. Ventrally, it is greenish or cream-colored, with some brown spots on the underside of the tail.<ref name=Das2002/>

The weakly [[Keeled scales|keeled]] dorsal scales are arranged in 27–31 rows at midbody. The [[Ventral scales|ventrals]] number 174–184. The anal plate is entire, and the [[Subcaudal scales|subcaudals]], which are divided (paired), number 55–76.<ref name=Blgr1896/>

==Habitat==
The preferred natural [[habitat]] of ''Trimeresurus cantori'' is [[forest]], at altitudes from sea level to {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}}, but it has also been found in coconut plantations and rural gardens.<ref name=iucn/>

==Behavior==
''Trimeresurus cantori'' is [[Nocturnality|nocturnal]] and will hunt near houses.<ref name=Das2002/>

==Diet==
''Trimeresurus cantori'' [[Predation|preys]] upon small [[mammal]]s and [[bird]]s.<ref name="Das2002"/>

==Venom==
The species ''Trimeresurus cantori'' possesses a potent [[venom]], and some of its bites to humans have resulted in fatalities.<ref name=Das2002/>

==Reproduction==
''Trimeresurus cantori'' is [[Viviparity|viviparous]].<ref name=RDB/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*[[Edward Blyth|Blyth E]] (1846). "Notes on the Fauna of the Nicobar Islands". ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'' '''15''': 367–379. (''Trigonocephalus cantori'', new species, p. 377).
*[[Indraneil Das|Das I]] (1999). "Biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India". pp. 43–77. '''''In'':''' Ota H (editor) (1999). ''Tropical Island Herpetofauna: Origin, Current Diversity, and Conservation''. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 353 pp. {{ISBN|978-0444501950}}.
*[[species:Christopher L. Parkinson|Parkinson CL]] (1999). "Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences". ''Copeia'' '''1999''' (3): 576–586.
{{refend}}

{{Trimeresurus}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3011829}}

[[Category:Trimeresurus|cantori]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1846]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth]]

Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-25T04:27:36Z

Aidan93118681: made some article initial version - done

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Protected area
| name = Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| image = Chinkara - Shreeram M V - Bikaner.jpg
| image_caption = A chinkara
| image_alt = A chinkara
| location = [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| area = {{convert|96.3691|sqkm|1|abbr=on}}
| coordinates = {{coord|16.379153|N|75.448223|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map = India Karnataka#India
| relief = yes
| mapframe = Yes
| established = 2016
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = Department of forests, [[Government of Karnataka]]
}}
'''Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[wildlife sanctuary]] in [[Karnataka]] India, aimed for the protection of [[chinkara]]s (''Indian Gazelle''). Established in 2016, it is the first chinkara sanctuary in Karnataka.

==History==
Established in 2016, it is the first chinkara sanctuary in Karnataka.<ref name="Deccan">{{cite news |title=Small leap for chinkaras at Bagalkot sanctuary |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/small-leap-for-chinkaras-at-bagalkot-sanctuary-1081180.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=13 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
The sanctuary is located in [[Bilagi]] and [[Mudhol]] taluks in the [[Bagalkot district]] of Karnataka, India and covers an area of {{convert|96.3691|sqkm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Prabhu |first1=Nagesh |title=State gets first chinkara sanctuary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/State-gets-first-chinkara-sanctuary/article13975024.ece |work=The Hindu |date=31 December 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Sanctuary gets its name from the village [[Yadahalli, Bilagi|Yadahalli]] in Bilagi.

The [[Ghataprabha River]] flows in the southern part of the sanctuary, while the [[Krishna River]] in the northern part.<ref name="Hindu"/>

==Flora and fauna==
The forest in the sanctuary contains more than 80 tree species belonging to 67 genera in 34 families out of which three species are endemic to Peninsular India.<ref name="Plant Science">{{cite journal |last1=Koti |first1=Maheshwari |last2=Kotresha |first2=K. |title=Trees of Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India: A checklist |journal=Plant Science Today |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1079–1085 |doi=10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1278 |url=https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1278 |language=en |issn=2348-1900|doi-access=free }}</ref> Among the trees found here four species are graded as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] (VU), and one is graded [[Near-threatened species|Near Threatened]] (NT) at global level.<ref name="Plant Science"/>

In the state of [[Karnataka]], apart from the Yadahalli Wildlife Sanctuary, chinkaras are recorded only in [[Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref name="Deccan"/> Other than [[Chinkara|chinkaras]], mammals seen here include [[Wolf|wolves]], [[Jackal|jackals]], [[Wildcat|wildcats]] and [[Striped hyena|stripped hyenas]].<ref name="Hindu"/> It is also home to many [[butterfly]] species, [[Bee|bees]], [[Bird|birds]], [[Reptile|reptiles]] and [[Spider|spiders]].

==Threats and precautionary measures==
This was a shrub forest that has seen some damage due to plantations. It is hoped that the status of the wildlife sanctuary given to the forest ensured an end to the commercial exploitation of the area.<ref name="Hindu"/> The threat of poachers was a major problem for the sanctuary. As hunting was restricted by various measures, the number of chinkaras and other mammals increased within this range.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |last1=Feb 12 |first1=Sangamesh Menasinakai / |title=Chinkara population is growing in Bagalkot {{!}} Hubballi News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/chinkara-population-is-growing-in-bagalkot/articleshow/89512652.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> It is said that the number of chinkaras, which was 85 in 2016, increased to 92 in 2022.<ref name="Deccan"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Karnataka]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2016]]

Harry Verelst (colonial governor)

2026-02-23T19:07:33Z

Aidan93118681:

{{Short description|British colonial administrator (1734–1785)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Harry Verelst
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1734|2|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hanbury, Worcestershire]], England
| baptised = 
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{Death date and age|1785|10|24|1734|2|11|df=y}}}}
| death_place = [[Boulogne-sur-Mer]], France
| resting_place = [[Minster-in-Thanet]], Kent, England
| education =
| occupation = colonial administrator
| notable_works =
| spouse = Ann Wordsworth
| parents = 
| mother = Elizabeth Verelst (née Bach) 
| father = Robert Verelst

| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Pieter Hermansz Verelst|Pieter Verelst]] (great great grandfather)
* [[Herman Verelst]] (great grandfather)
* [[Simon Pietersz Verelst|Simon Verelst]] (great great uncle)
* [[John Verelst (1648-1679)]] (great great uncle)
* [[William Verelst (1651–1702)]] (great great uncle)
* [[Lodvick Verelst]] (great uncle)
* [[John Verelst|John Verelst (c. 1670-1734)]] (grandfather)
* [[Michael Verelst]] (great uncle)
* [[Adriana Verelst]] (great aunt)
* [[William Verelst|William Verelst (1704-1752)]] (uncle)
}} 

| module =
{{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes
| office = [[List of Governors of Bengal|Governor of the Presidency of Bengal]]
| term_start = January 1767
| term_end = December 1769
| predecessor = [[Robert Clive]]
| successor = [[John Cartier]]
}} 

}} 

'''Harry Verelst''' (11 February 1734 – 24 October 1785) was a colonial administrator with the [[British East India Company]] who served as the governor of [[Bengal]] from 1767 to 1769.

Verelst travelled to India as a Company employee at a young age and rose through the ranks after many years of service, becoming a close supporter of Governor [[Robert Clive]] and eventually succeeding him as governor. Like his predecessor, Verelst attempted to reform the Company's administration in Bengal, but he lacked Clive's authority. He took steps to curb corruption and abuses within the Company and to gather information on local laws and customs. He faced opposition from the Company's servants and resigned after nearly three years in office.

After returning to Britain in 1770, he engaged in public polemics about his tenure and British rule in Bengal with [[William Bolts]], a disgruntled former Company employee, and faced lawsuits incited by the latter. The exchanges between Bolts and Verelst stimulated the public discussion about the Company's governance in India. Failing to transport much of his wealth from India, Verelst fell into dire financial straits and fled to the continent to evade his creditors. He died in France in 1785.

==Life and career==
[[File:Memorial to Harry Verelst in St Mary's Church, Minster-in-Thanet, Kent.jpg|thumb|Memorial to Harry Verelst in St Mary's Church, [[Minster-in-Thanet]], Kent.]]
Verelst was born on 11 February 1734 in [[Fladbury]], Worcestershire, the fourth child to Robert Verelst and Elizabeth Verelst (née Bach).<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB |id=28221 |first=Willem G. J. |last=Kuiters |title=Verelst, Harry |date=23 September 2004}}</ref>{{efn|Robert Verelst (21 November 1702 - 27 July 1745) was the fifth child of [[John Verelst]] ({{circa|1670}} – 7 March 1734), a fairly successful portrait painter.<ref name="HANCOX"/><ref name="BIRTH_ROBERT">{{cite book |title=Baptism of Robert Verelst |date=2 December 1702 |publisher=London, City of Westminster Archives Centre, St Martin in the Fields, baptism register, ref. STM/PR/8/9}}</ref> Elizabeth Bach (6 February 1700 – {{circa|1761|lk=no}}) was from [[Chaddesley Corbett]], Worcestershire. They were married on 11 May 1722.<ref name="MARRIAGE_ROBERT">{{cite book |title=Marriage of Robert Verelst |date=11 May 1722 |publisher=London, The National Archives, General Register Office, Registers of Clandestine Marriages and of Baptisms in the Fleet Prison, King's Bench Prison, the Mint and the May Fair Chapel; Class: RG 7; Piece: 56}}</ref> Robert was buried on 27 July 1745 at Fladbury.<ref name="BURIAL_ROBERT">{{cite book |title=Burial of Robert Verelst |date=27 July 1745 |publisher=Worcestershire Archive & Archaeology Service; Worcester, The Diocese of Worcester Parish Registers, Fladbury (Fladbury and Throckmorton with Wyre Piddle and Moor)}}</ref> Elizabeth's place and exact date of death is not known.}} The Verelsts were a long established family of painters, [[Pieter Hermansz Verelst|Pieter Verelst]] (his great-great-grandfather) having brought the family to England from the Low Countries in 1668.<ref name="HANCOX">{{cite journal |last1=Hancox |first1=Peter |title=The multigenerational and cross-national artist family Verelst (c. 1618–1752): The myth of Cornelius and Maria |journal=Oud Holland |year=2024 |volume=137 |issue=4 |pages=174–200 |doi=10.1163/18750176-13704003 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="ODNB2">{{cite ODNB |id=28222 |first=Paul |last=Taylor |title=Verelst, Simon Pieterszoon |origyear=2004 |date=3 January 2008}}</ref> Robert had been brought up in London and was unusual amongst his siblings in moving to a rural location. Two of Robert's brothers (and hence Harry's uncles) worked in India, as did two of his sons and two sons-in-law.{{efn|Two of Harry Verelst's paternal uncles worked for the East India Company.

*George (born 20 March 1708 and baptised on 5 April 1708) travelled to India as a soldier on the Monmouth.<ref name="BAPTISM_GEORGE">{{cite book |title=Baptism of George Varelst |date=5 April 1708 |publisher= London, City of Westminster Archives Centre, St Martin in the Fields, baptism register, ref. STM/PR/1/10}}</ref> In 1724 he wanted a discharge from service and had left the Company before July 1726 to work in China and an application to rejoin the East India Company was refused, apparently for lack of a good record of service.<ref name="GEORGE_DISCHARGE">{{cite book |title= Diary and Consultation Book of 1724 |location=Madras|publisher= Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press |date=1930 |volume=54 |series= Records of Fort St. George |URL= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/dul1.ark:/13960/t8ff4x659 }}</ref>{{rp |p. 115}}<ref name="GEORGE_REEMPLOY">{{cite book |title= Diary and Consultation Book of 1726 |location=Madras|publisher= Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press |date=1930 |volume=56 |series= Records of Fort St. George |URL= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/dul1.ark:/13960/t5fb66m7v }}</ref>{{rp |p. 89}} There is no record of his death or burial.

*James was born on 5 March 1709 and baptised on 15 March 1709.<ref name="BAPTISM_JAMES_V">{{cite book |title=Baptism of James Verelst |date=15 March 1709 |publisher= London, City of Westminster Archives Centre, St Martin in the Fields, baptism register; ref. STM/PR/1/10}}</ref> He arrived in India on 7 January 1726 where he worked as a Writer (clerk) for the East India Company and in September 1738 he was listed as a Senior Merchant at [[Thalassery|Tellicherry]].<ref name="JAMES_WRITER">{{cite book |editor-last=Forrest |editor-first=George W. |title=Selections from the letters, despatches, and other state papers preserved in the Bombay Secretariat: home series |location= Bombay |publisher=Government Central Press |date=1885 |volume=2 |URL=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/chi.15512151 }}</ref>{{rp |p. 47}}<ref name="JAMES_SNR_MERCHANT">{{cite journal |title=The internal economy of Bombay a century ago, 1726-1740 |journal=The Bombay Quarterly Review |date= 1856 |volume=3 |pages=324-252 |URL=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3042601}}</ref>{{rp |p. 339}} He was buried at [[Mumbai|Bombay]] on 26 November 1741.

Harry Verelst's two brothers (both younger) also joined the East India Company.<ref name="RV_OBIT">{{cite journal |title=Obituary of considerable persons; with biographical anecdotes[: Harry Verelst] |journal=The Gentleman's Magazine |date=1785 |volume=55 |issue=part II, no. 11 |page=920}}</ref>
*John (baptised 11 July 1736) was buried on 27 August 1760 at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].<ref name="BAPTISM_JOHN">{{cite book |title= Baptism of John Son of Robert & Elizabeth Verelst of Fladbury |date=11 July 1736 |publisher= Worcestershire Archive & Archaeology Service; Worcester, The Diocese of Worcester Parish Registers, Fladbury (Fladbury and Throckmorton with Wyre Piddle and Moor)}}</ref><ref name="BURIAL_John">{{cite book |title= Burial of John Verelst |date=27 August 1760 |publisher= London, The British Library, India Office Records, 27 August 1760, inv: N/1/2 f.30 |url=http://indiafamily.bl.uk/ui/FullDisplay.aspx?RecordId=014-000283242}}</ref>
*William Fraser was baptised on 9 February 1738.<ref name="BAPTISM_WILLIAMF">{{cite book |title= Baptism of William Fraser Son of Robert & Elizabeth Verelst of Fladbury |date=9 February 1738 |publisher= Worcestershire Archive & Archaeology Service; Worcester, The Diocese of Worcester Parish Registers, Fladbury (Fladbury and Throckmorton with Wyre Piddle and Moor)}}</ref> There is no record of his death.
Two of his sisters married husbands who worked for the East India Company.<ref name="RV_OBIT" />

*Ann (baptised 2 March 1723) married (23 February 1744) Samuel Court, a supercargo for the Company.<ref name="BAPTISM_ANN">{{cite book |title= Baptism of Ann the Datr of Robert Verelst Grays Inn Lane |date=2 March 1723 |publisher= London, London Metropolitan Archives, St Andrew, Holborn, baptism register, ref. P82/AND/A/001/MS06667/008}}</ref><ref name="ST_JAMES_PLACE_MARRIAGE">{{cite book |editor1-last= Phillimore |editor1-first= W.P.W. |editor2-last=Cokayne |editor2-first=G. E. |title=London parish registers: vol 4, Marriages at St. James's, Duke's Place, from 1668 to 1837 |location= London |publisher= Issued to the subscribers by Phillimore & Co. |date=1902 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435028702918 }}</ref>{{rp |p. 217}} She died in India on 16 November 1754 and was buried at the [[British Cemetery of Surat|British Cemetery]] in [[Surat]].<ref name="SURAT_CEMETERY">{{cite journal |author-last=Buist |author-first=George |title=Notes on a journey through part of Kattiawar and Goozerat in Jan. 1855 |journal= Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society |date= 1857 |volume=13 |issue= |pages=11-107 |url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b233990 }}</ref>{{rp |p. 92}}
*Adriana Caecilia (baptised 11 November 1731) married Paul Richard Pearkes in Calcutta.<ref name="BAPTISM_ADRIANAC">{{cite book |title= Baptism of Adriana Cecilia Daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Verelst of Fladbury |date=11 November 1731 |publisher= Worcestershire Archive & Archaeology Service; Worcester, The Diocese of Worcester Bishop's Transcripts, ref. B736/Ba2015/325}}</ref><ref name="MARRIAGE_ADRIANAC">{{cite book |title= Marriage of Paul Richard Pearks, Esq and Miss Adriana Cecilia Verelst |date=14 December 1751 |publisher= London, The British Library, India Office Records, 27 August 1760, inv: N/1/1 f.372 |url= http://indiafamily.bl.uk/ui/FullDisplay.aspx?RecordId=014-000283237}}</ref> She returned to London, being buried at St Christopher Le Stock in March 1758.<ref name=" BURIAL_ADRIANAC">{{cite book |title= The register book of the parish of St. Christopher le Stocks, in the city of London |editor-last= Freshfield |editor-first= Edwin |location=London |publisher= Rixon and Arnold |date=1882 |volume=2 |url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nnc1.0036698547 }}</ref>{{rp |p. 70}}
Their uncle, [[William Verelst]], had taken responsibility for the education of Harry, John and William Fraser Verelst. Harry noted that his uncle did not direct his choice of future career.<ref name="KUITERS_BRITISH_BENGAL"/>{{rp |p. 95}}

}} It was not surprising that Harry Verelst also joined the [[East India Company]].

Harry Verelst's education was the responsibility of his uncle, the well-connected portrait painter [[William Verelst]] and he went on to gain employment as a writer (office clerk) in the [[East India Company|East India Company's]] [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal establishment]]. He arrived in Calcutta in 1749. In 1756 he was appointed head of the Company's factory at [[Lakshmipur]]. A few months later, he was forced to take refuge at Falta with the Company's council after Nawab [[Siraj ud-Daulah|Siraj ud-Daulah's]] attack on Calcutta. After Calcutta was retaken, he set out for Lakshmipur once again but was imprisoned by officers of the Nawab in violation of the treaty made by the latter with [[Robert Clive]]. He remained in captivity for two months and was released after the Company victory at the [[Battle of Plassey]]. After his appointment as chief of the Lakshmipur factory was successfully contested by a higher-ranking Company servant, Verelst returned to Calcutta. In 1759 he became overseer of revenue collection in the Nadia district, then took on a similar task in Burdwan. In February 1760 he took up his seat in the Company council in Calcutta. At the end of that year, he was sent to take control of the southern port of [[Chittagong]], which had been ceded by Nawab [[Mir Qasim]].<ref name="ODNB" />

Verelst returned from Chittagong in 1765 to serve on the Select Committee under Clive's second term as governor. In 1765 and 1766 he successfully oversaw and reformed revenue collection at Burdwan and later at Midnapore. He became one of Clive's close supporters and on several occasions acted as governor when Clive was absent or indisposed. He succeeded Clive as [[List of governors of Bengal Presidency|governor of Bengal]] in January 1767. Verelst tried to continue the policies of his predecessor, Robert Clive, whom he greatly admired. Clive sought to suppress corruption and abuses among the Company's servants, which caused discontent within the Company's ranks. However, Verelst did not enjoy the same authority as Clive and had little success continuing his predecessor's policies. He recognised the need for reform in Bengal to strengthen the Company's government there but did not act to replace Clive's dual system,<ref name="ODNB" /> whereby the Company preserved the appearance of the sovereignty of local rulers while effectively ruling over Bengal.<ref name="ODNB4">{{cite ODNB|id=5697|last=Bowen|first=H. V.|title=Clive, Robert, first Baron Clive of Plassey|origyear=2004|date=3 January 2008}}</ref> He believed that Bengal should be governed according to local laws and took measures to acquire information "laws and customs of the country".<ref name="ODNB" /> Verelst also gained a reputation for his uprightness. [[Edmund Burke]], a prominent critic of the Company, later described him "one of the honestest men that ever served the Company". Robert Clive opined that he was a humane and disinterested but "too lenient" administrator.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tuck |first=Patrick |title=Considerations on India Affairs ''and'' A View of the Rise, Progress and Present State of the English Government in Bengal |date=1998 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-15517-5 |edition=Facsim. |series=The East India Company: 1600–1858, Volume III |location=London |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> Aware of his weak position, Verelst was eager to be replaced as governor. He resigned in December 1769.<ref name="ODNB" /> [[John Cartier]] was his successor.

Verelst returned to Britain in 1770.<ref name="ODNB" /> In 1772 [[William Bolts]], a former Company employee who had clashed with Verelst and been deported to Britain, published the first volume of his book ''Considerations on India Affairs'', in which he criticised the system of British government in Bengal<ref name="ODNB3">{{cite ODNB|id=2810|first=H. V.|last=Bowen|title=Bolts, William|origyear=2004|date=3 January 2008}}</ref> and condemned what he considered to be the corruption of Clive's and Verelst's administrations.<ref name="ODNB" /> Later that year, Verelst published his response to Bolts accusations, a book titled ''View of the Rise, Progress and Present State of the English Government in Bengal''.<ref name="ODNB" /> The lively polemics between Bolts and Verelst stimulated the great public debate that was occurring at the time about the Company's governance in India.<ref name="ODNB3" /> Verelst also had to contend with lawsuits initiated against him with the help of William Bolts.<ref name="ODNB" /> Four Armenians, three of which had formerly worked as Bolts's agents, accused Verelst of ordering their unlawful imprisonment.<ref name="KUITERS_BRITISH_BENGAL">{{Cite book |last=Kuiters |first=Willem G.J. |title=The British in Bengal, 1756-1773: a society in transition seen through the biography of a rebel: William Bolts (1739-1808) |date=2002 |publisher=Les Indes savantes |isbn=978-2-84654-004-9 |location=Paris |url=https://archive.org/details/britishinbengal10000kuit |pages=239}}</ref> Verelst lost the cases and was ordered to pay a total of £9700 in damages. He was eventually compensated by the East India Company, but by this time his financial situation was already deteriorating. Much of his fortune, which he estimated at £142,711 in 1772, was still in Bengal and was at risk of being lost because of the worsening economic situation there. His purchase of the Aston estate near Sheffield for £49,800 further strained his finances. In 1775 Verelst's secretary, John Knott, travelled to Bengal to collect his own and his employer's belongings.<ref name="ODNB" /> In the meantime, Verelst borrowed money to cover his immediate expenses, expecting Knott to return with more of his wealth.<ref name="KUITERS_BRITISH_BENGAL"/>{{rp |p. 254}} However, Knott died in the desert on the overland route back to Britain, and all of the papers and possessions he was transporting were lost with him. Verelst's finances never recovered from this loss. In 1785 he left for the European continent to evade his creditors. He died on 24 October 1785 at Boulogne and was buried at Minster in the Isle of Thanet.<ref name="ODNB" />

== Family ==
In Bengal Verelst had two daughters and a son out of wedlock with Sophia Yeandle,<ref name="ODNB" /> a mixed-race Catholic woman.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=Durba |date=2005 |title=Who Counts as 'Native?': Gender, Race, and Subjectivity in Colonial India |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/192172 |journal=Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History |volume=6 |issue=3 |doi=10.1353/cch.2006.0007 |issn=1532-5768 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> He married Ann Wordsworth on 20 May 1771, and they had six daughters and four sons.<ref name="ODNB"/> The eldest son, Harry (1773–1837), married Elizabeth, daughter of [[Henry Arthur Herbert (1756–1821)|Henry Arthur Herbert]]. The eldest daughter Anne married the Irish Member of Parliament [[Edward Synge Cooper]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Joseph |url=https://archive.org/details/pedigreesofcount03fost/page/n215/mode/2up |title=Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire |date=1874 |publisher=W. Wilfred Head |location=London |page=215}}</ref><ref name="histparl-edward-synge-cooper-d1830">{{cite web |last=Aspinall |first=Arthur |year=1986 |editor=R. Thorne |title=Cooper, Edward Synge (1762–1830), of Markree Castle, co. Sligo and Boden Park, co. Westmeath |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/cooper-edward-synge-1762-1830 |accessdate=12 July 2014 |work=The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790-1820 |publisher=Boydell and Brewer |archive-date=4 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404175455/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/cooper-edward-synge-1762-1830 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

;Attribution
{{DNB|wstitle=Verelst, Harry|volume=58}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Nandalal |title=Verelst's Rule in India |publisher=The Indian Press |year=1939 |location=Allahabad |oclc=18230817}}
* {{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=P. J. |url=https://archive.org/details/eastindianfortun0000mars |title=East Indian Fortunes: The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-19-821566-0 |location=Oxford |ref=none |url-access=registration}}

== External links ==
{{DNB poster|Verelst, Harry}}
* Verelst's ''[[iarchive:viewofriseprogre00vere|A View of the Rise, Progress and Present State of the English Government in Bengal]]'' (London 1772) on [[Internet Archive]]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verelst, Harry}}
[[Category:1734 births]]
[[Category:1785 deaths]]
[[Category:British governors of Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Worcestershire]]

Stumble (film)

2026-02-19T03:49:34Z

Aidan93118681: made new page v1 - done

{{Infobox film
| name = Stumble
| image =
| director = [[Prakash Belawadi]]
| screenplay = Prakash Belawadi
| story = Prakash Belawadi
| producer = Krishna Chidambara Nagaraj Rao S. J. Krishna Kumar
| starring = {{ubl|[[Anant Nag]]|[[Suhasini Maniratnam]]}}
| cinematography = Clay Kelton
| editing = Jesu Dominic Shyam Nanjundiah
| music = [[Praveen D. Rao]]
| studio = 2Streams Media
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2003|2|21}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Stumble''''' is a 2003 Indian English-language film written and directed by [[Prakash Belawadi]] in his debut. It stars [[Anant Nag]] and [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] in the lead roles. [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]], Ashok Mandanna and Priya Ganapathy feature in supporting roles. Set in [[Bangalore]], the film explores the impact of corruption in the [[information technology]] world, the stock market and [[Securities fraud|mutual funds scams]] and [[dot-com bubble]] on ordinary people.

[[Praveen D. Rao]] scored music for the film while Clay Kelton served as the cinematographer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stumble |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/stumble/story-aYf0ansvNprsuBpQvR9YGO.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 November 2021 |language=en |date=18 October 2003}}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews from critics upon theatrical release. At the [[50th National Film Awards]], the film was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English]].<ref>{{cite web |title=50th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Anant Nag]] as Anand Rao
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] as Nandini
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Diwakar
* Ashok Mandanna as Darshan Khosla
* Priya Ganapathy as Indu
* [[M. D. Pallavi]] as Madhu (credited as Pallavi Dattu)
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]]
* Clay Kelton
* Russel Byrne
* Ajit Bhide as Prashant Hegde
* Veena Appiah
* Ajith Hande as Uday
* Aporup Acharya
* Anil Abraham
* Balaji Manohar as Aditya
* Mohammed Amanulla as Vasu
* [[Bhargavi Narayan]]
* M. P. Venkata Rao
* Poornima Vyasulu as Khosla's mother
* [[K. S. L. Swamy]]
* S. Dattakumar
* Goa Dattu
* Allen Mendonca
* Suhas Yelluru
}}

== Reception ==
Critics mostly gave mixed reviews to the film. Pradeep Sebastian of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that despite the film playing "like a cross between a television serial drama and a somber Kannada art film, it isn't pointlessly wacky or irritatingly smart-alecky like most Indian English films". However, he complained that the film picks up pace only towards the end and that "for most of its running time it lacks drama, it lacks tension. It fails to grip." He concluded praising the film for its "evocative cinematography, deft characterization and convincing ensemble acting."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sebastian |first1=Pradeep |title=FILM REVIEWS: Stumble |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb23/filmr.asp |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031212023921/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb23/filmr.asp |archive-date=12 December 2003}}</ref> The reviewer for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Manjulaa S. Negi opined that the film was a "forthright tale about naive individuals who still believe. They are the idealists whose dreams are shattered rather rudely and there is no recourse really, but to try and get back to their earlier lives with a bit more understanding and a lot more wiseness." She felt that despite the subject's shortcomings, "it holds", while adding that the direction and sound departments needed improvement. She concluded writing that the film's content was "powerful enough" for one-time watch at least.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Negi |first1=Manjulaa S. |title=Stumble |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/stumble/story-QrZHcZPg2PmDJXO6EkjEqO.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 November 2021 |language=en |date=17 March 2003}}</ref>

Deepa Gumaste of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' commended the film for its "realistic depiction of educated urban youth and their aspirations" and the performances of the leading actors including [[Anant Nag]], [[Suhasini Maniratnam]], [[M. D. Pallavi]] and Balaji Manohar. However, she blamed the director for being "over simplistic and loses his way with some characters". She added that the storytelling required to be more "restrained".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gumaste |first1=Deepa |title=The Rediff Review: Stumble |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/21stumble.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=22 November 2021 |date=21 February 2003}}</ref> The reviewer for ''Viggy.com'' called it "a brilliant 'made in Bangalore' English film for Bangaloreans, by Bangaloreans and of Bangaloreans." They echoed Gumaste's view on the performances of the leading characters. The reviewer added, "Music by Praveen D. Rao is real good. Catchy dialogs of Prakash are very effective."<ref>{{cite web |title=Stumble - a debut film of Prakash Belawadi |url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_stumble.asp |website=www.viggy.com |access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>

== Screening ==
* It was screened at [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]<ref>''[http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=2882 Prakash Belawadi’s dream materialises]{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}'', [https://web.archive.org/web/19991013095539/http://screenindia.com/ Screen], India, 4 April 2003.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|}}
* {{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=G. S. |title=Belawadi makes Anant, Suhasini 'stumble' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/belawadi-makes-anant-suhasini-stumble/articleshow/19094482.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=22 November 2021 |language=en |date=14 August 2002}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film English}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Best English Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2003 English-language films]]

National Highway 565 (India)

2026-02-18T17:21:26Z

Aidan93118681: cleanup

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 565
|map ={{maplink-superroute|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=6|frame-lat=15.63|frame-long=78.88|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 565}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=Map of the National Highway in red
| length_km = 506.11
| length_notes =
| length_round =
| length_ref =
| established =
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = [[Nakrekal]]
| junction = {{collapsible list|[[National Highway 65|NH 65]] at [[Nakrekal]]|[[NAM Expressways]] at [[Nalgonda]]|[[National Highway 765|NH 765]]
}}
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = [[National Highway 71|NH 71]] at [[yerpedu]]
| states = [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| destinations = [[Nakrekal]], [[Nalgonda]], [[Macherla]], [[Yerragondapalem]], [[Markapur]], [[Chinarikatla junction (PODILI)]], [[Kanigiri]], [[Pamur]], [[Duttalur]], [[Penchalakona]], [[Rapur]], [[Venkatagiri]], [[Yerpedu]] Road
| previous_type =
| previous_route =
| next_type =
| next_route =
}}

'''National Highway 565''' ('''NH 565'''), is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]], which was formed as a new National Highway by up-gradation and passes through the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It starts at [[Nakrekal]] of [[Telangana]] and ends at [[Yerpedu]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="ap">{{cite web|title=List of National Highways passing through A.P. State|url=http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33|website=Roads and Buildings Department|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=11 February 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328053359/http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33|archive-date=28 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/kanigiri-residents-protest-national-highway-565-project/article7050769.ece|title=Kanigiri residents protest National Highway 565 project|date=2015-03-31|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-05-27}}</ref>

New Alignment of this National Highway 565, was Opened to traffic between Chunchuluru to Rapur through Penchelakona Forest.

== Route ==

It starts at junction of [[National Highway 65 (India)|National Highway 65]] [[Nakrekal]] and passes through [[Nalgonda]] on the [[Nagarjuna Sagar]] road until [[Telangana]] border and then through [[Macherla]], [[Yerragondapalem]], [[Markapur]], [[Chinarikatla junction (PODILI)]], [[Kanigiri]], [[Pamur]], [[Duttalur]], [[Penchalakona]], [[Rapur]], and [[Venkatagiri]] before terminating at [[National Highway 71 (India)|National Highway 71]] at [[Yerpedu]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rehabilitation and up gradation of NH-67|url=http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_11117124112221Letter.pdf|website=Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="telangana">{{cite web|title=National Highways in Telangana State|url=http://tsroads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do|website=Roads and Buildings Department - Government of Telangana|access-date=14 April 2017|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518102903/http://tsroads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do|url-status=dead}}</ref>

State–wise route length (in km):
*[[Telangana]] – {{Convert|86.06|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="telangana" />
*[[Andhra Pradesh]] – {{Convert|420.05|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="ap" />

NHAI has taken up widening of this highway into two lane with paved shoulders throughout the stretch. Widening works were expected to be completed by the end of 2017.

== Junctions ==
;Telangana
: {{jct|country=IND|NH|65}} Terminal near Nakirekal.
: {{jct|country=IND|NH|167}} near Haliya.
;Andhra Pradesh
{{jct|country=IND|NH|544F}} near Devarajugattu.
: {{jct|country=IND|NH|167AD}} near Macherla.

: {{jct|country=IND|NH|765}} near Hanuman Junction(Kunta).

: {{jct|country=IND|NH|167B}} near Pamur.

: {{jct|country=IND|NH|167BG}} at Duttalur.

: {{jct|country=IND|NH|67}} at Chunchuluru.

: {{jct|country=IND|NH|71}} Terminal at Yerpedu.
{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India by state#Andhra Pradesh|List of national highways in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH65 sr}}

[[Category:National highways in Karnataka|565]]
[[Category:National highways in Andhra Pradesh|565]]
[[Category:National highways of India]]

Aditya Bhushan Pant

2026-02-17T00:57:44Z

Aidan93118681: made a entry

{{Short description|Indian toxicologist and neurobiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Aditya Bhushan Pant
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 5 December 1968
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Toxicology]] | [[Neurobiology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]] }}
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on developmental toxicology, pesticides
| awards = {{ublist| 2007 [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]] Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize | 2012 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}
'''Aditya Bhushan Pant''' is an Indian toxicologist, neurobiologist and a scientist at the [[Indian Institute of Toxicology Research]].<ref name="The Staff">{{Cite web |url=http://iitrindia.org/Admin/AnnualReport/English/staff1.htm |title=The Staff |date=2018-02-03 |website=iitrindia.org |access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> He is known for his studies in the fields of developmental toxicology, [[in vitro]] experiments as well as pesticides and is a member of the Neurobiology Task force of the [[Department of Biotechnology]].<ref name="Dr. Aditya Bhushan Pant - DBT Neurobiology Task force">{{Cite web |url=http://dbt-neuro.ncbs.res.in/node/97 |title=Dr. Aditya Bhushan Pant - DBT Neurobiology Task force |date=2018-02-03 |website=dbt-neuro.ncbs.res.in |language=en |access-date=2018-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203123812/http://dbt-neuro.ncbs.res.in/node/97 |archive-date=3 February 2018 }}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 121 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Aditay_Pant |title=On ResearchGate |date=2018-01-30 |access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref> Besides, he has contributed chapters to books published by others<ref name="AhmadOwais2010">{{cite book|author1=Iqbal Ahmad|author2=Mohammad Owais|author3=Mohammed Shahid, Farrukh Aqil|title=Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXlXSEzuicwC&pg=PA213|date=3 August 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-12173-9|pages=213–}}</ref> and is an associate editor of the ''Annals of Neurosciences'' journal of the Indian Academy of Neurosciences.<ref name="Annals of Neurosciences">{{Cite web |url=https://www.karger.com/Journal/EditorialBoard/271487 |title=Annals of Neurosciences |date=2018-02-03 |website=Karger |access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> He is a recipient for the Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] in 2007.<ref name="Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://icmr.nic.in/award/awards2007and2008.pdf |title=Shakuntala Amir Chand Prize |date=2018-02-03 |website=Indian Council of Medical Research |access-date=2018-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809105355/http://www.icmr.nic.in/award/awards2007and2008.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2017 }}</ref> The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2012.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf }}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|author1=Iqbal Ahmad|author2=Mohammad Owais|author3=Mohammed Shahid, Farrukh Aqil|title=Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXlXSEzuicwC&pg=PA213|date=3 August 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-12173-9|pages=213–}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last1=Pandey |first1=Ankita |last2=Jauhari |first2=Abhishek |last3=Singh |first3=Tanisha |last4=Singh |first4=Parul |last5=Singh |first5=Nishant |last6=Srivastava |first6=Ankur Kumar |last7=Khan |first7=Farah |last8=Pant |first8=Aditya Bhushan |last9=Parmar |first9=Devendra |date=2015-10-19 |title=Transactivation of P53 by cypermethrin induced miR-200 and apoptosis in neuronal cells |journal=Toxicology Research |language=en |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=1578–1586 |doi=10.1039/c5tx00200a |issn=2045-4538|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Srivastava |first1=Ritesh Kumar |last2=Rahman |first2=Qamar |last3=Kashyap |first3=Mahendra Pratap |last4=Lohani |first4=Mohtashim |last5=Pant |first5=Aditya Bhushan |date=2011-09-29 |title=Ameliorative Effects of Dimetylthiourea and N-Acetylcysteine on Nanoparticles Induced Cyto-Genotoxicity in Human Lung Cancer Cells-A549 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=6 |issue=9 |article-number=e25767 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025767 |pmid=21980536 |issn=1932-6203|pmc=3183081 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...625767S |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Chandra |first1=Abhijit |last2=Srivastava |first2=Ritesh Kumar |last3=Kashyap |first3=Mahendra Pratap |last4=Kumar |first4=Raj |last5=Srivastava |first5=Rajeshwar Nath |last6=Pant |first6=Aditya Bhushan |date=2011-05-24 |title=The Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Basis of Human Omental Defense: Selective Expression of Cytokines and Antimicrobial Peptides |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=6 |issue=5 |article-number=e20446 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0020446 |pmid=21647223 |issn=1932-6203|pmc=3101256 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...620446C |doi-access=free }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Apoptosis]]
* [[Omentum (disambiguation)|Omentum]]
{{Div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Shahriyari |first1=Leili |last2=Komarova |first2=Natalia L. |author-link2= Natalia Komarova |last3=Aditya Bhushan |date=2013-10-29 |title=Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions: An Adaptation against Cancer? (Fullf text) |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=8 |issue=10 |article-number=e76195 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076195 |pmid=24204602 |pmc=3812169 |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free }}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pant, Aditya Bhushan}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Indian toxicologists]]
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:1968 births]]

Tarun Chandra

2026-02-12T03:12:51Z

Aidan93118681: add citations for consistency also and corrected details to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tarun Chandra
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|4|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], Karnataka, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2003–present
}}

'''Tarun Chandra''' (born 27 April 1983)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sandalwood Movie Actor Tarun Chandra Biography, News, Photos, Videos |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/movie-actor/tarun-chandra |website=nettv4u |access-date=30 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian actor based in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada Film Industry]]. He made his film debut in the multi-starrer ''[[Khushi (2003 Kannada film)|Khushi]]'' (2003) and has since then acted in various films, notably being, ''Geleya'' (2007), ''[[Love Guru (2009 film)|Love Guru]]'' (2009) and ''[[Gaana Bajaana]]'' (2010).

== Early life and career ==
Taarun was born in [[Bangalore]]. He graduated with a bachelor of commerce degree from MES College, Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bangalore-times/the-young-new-faces-of-kannada-cinema/articleshow/40514768.cms|title=The young, new faces of Kannada cinema!|date=17 March 2003|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> He underwent three months acting course at Kishore Namit Kapoor Acting Institute, before he entered into films. He first appeared as one of the lead actors in 2003 released film, ''[[Khushi (2003 Kannada film)|Khushi]]''. He had also acted in a [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[Valliddari Vayasu Padahare]]'' which was released in 2006 after a two-year delay.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/love-story-with-a-twist/article3218640.ece | title=Love story with a twist | newspaper=The Hindu | date=29 June 2006 }}</ref> After [[Geleya]]'s successful run, he was approached for ''[[Parichaya]]'' and by director Prashant for his movie ''[[Love Guru (2009 film)|Love Guru]]'', which won a state award for best movie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2010/tarun-chandra-interview-gaana-bajaana-271010.html |title=Gaana Bajaana has a wonderful tech team: Taarun Chandrra |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-date=16 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816232750/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/news/2010/tarun-chandra-interview-gaana-bajaana-271010.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His last film appearance came in the Kannada film ''[[Goa (2015 film)|Goa]]''. In November 2021, he signed the [[paranormal]] [[thriller film]], ''Trin Trin''. Directed by Anand Mishra, he is to star alongside [[Diganth]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Diganth, Tarun Chandra to star in Anand Mishra's upcoming paranormal thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/30/diganth-tarun-chandra-to-starin-anand-mishras-upcoming-paranormal-thriller-28110.html |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=30 November 2021 |language=en |date=30 November 2021}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Khushi (2003 Kannada film)|Khushi]]'' || Ajay ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Valliddari Vayasu Padahare]]'' || Vamsee || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007 || ''[[Geleya]]'' || Vishwa ||
|-
| ''[[Ee Bandhana]]'' || Kapil ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Hani Hani (film)|Hani Hani]]'' || Rahul ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2009 || ''[[Love Guru (2009 film)|Love Guru]]'' || Pratham ||
|-
| ''[[Parichaya]]'' || Jayanth ||
|-
| ''[[Seena (film)|Seena]]'' || Seena ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Gaana Bajaana]]'' || Krish ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2011 || ''[[Naanalla]]'' || Siddharth || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/tarun-chandra-takes-the-action-route/articleshow/9684116.cms|title=Tarun Chandra takes the action route|date=16 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Achchu Mechchu]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2012 || ''[[Addhuri]]'' || Tarun || Guest appearance
|-
| ''[[Ondu Kshanadalli]]'' || Shyam ||
|-
| ''[[Snehitaru]]'' || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Padhe Padhe]]'' || Sunny ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Gharshane]]'' || Himself || Special appearance
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Goa (2015 film)|Goa]]'' || Ramaraja ||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3749070}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandra, Tarun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Uday Narayan Choudhary

2026-02-11T10:51:54Z

Aidan93118681: corrected structure after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Uday Narayan Choudhary
| image =
| caption = nomination of Bihar Assembly Speaker
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|08|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kidwaipuri, Patna|Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| age =
| death_place =
| education = [[Patna University]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| gender =
| status =
| family =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| ethnicity =
| salary =
| networth =
| credits =
| agent =
| website =
| office = 14th [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2005
| term_end = 2015
| office1 = [[Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency =
| constituency1 = [[Imamganj]]
| termend1 = 2015
| termstart1 = 2005
| office2 =
| termstart2 = 1990
| termend2 = 1995
| constituency_AM2 =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| otherparty = *[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]
*[[Janata Dal]]
*[[Janata Dal United]]
}}
'''Uday Narayan Choudhary'''<ref>''economictimes''. ''[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-assembly-speaker-uday-narayan-chaudhary-taking-help-of-naxals/articleshow/33183790.cms]''</ref> is an Indian politician. He served as the [[List of speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from 2005 to 2015. He was a prominent [[Dalit]] face in the [[JD(U)]] and represented the Imamganj Vidhan Sabha Constituency from 1990 to 1995 and then from 2000 to 2015, losing the 2015 election to former Chief Minister [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]. He crossed over to the [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] in 2018 to protest the breakup of the [[Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)|Mahagathbandhan]] and [[JD(U)]] joining hands with the [[BJP]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

He was also fielded by the [[Janata Dal (United)]] as its candidate in the [[Jamui (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamui Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2014 Indian general election]].<ref>rediff. ''[http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-bihar-speakr-uday-narain-choudhary-how-can-i-seek-support-of-maoists-im-on-their-hit-list/20140404.htm 'How can I seek support of Maoists? I'm on their hit list']''</ref><ref>''Hindustan Times''. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140408074547/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/reds-threaten-voters-in-chirag-s-jamui/article1-1205456.aspx Reds threaten voters in Chirag’s Jamui]''</ref> Chaudhary was considered a staunch [[Nitish Kumar]] loyalist as he scuttled rebellion in the [[JD(U)]] in August 2014 by disqualifying 8 rebel MLAs. He received widespread criticism for his February 2014 decision to notify a rebel group of 13 RJD MLAs as a separate entity without physically verifying the signatures to facilitate their merger into the [[JD(U)]]. However, as of 2017, he opposed [[JD(U)]]'s decision to re-join the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]] and has been a vocal critic of the same on different forums.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Udaynarayan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:Samata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]

Shiv Arora

2026-02-10T02:54:55Z

Aidan93118681: made some page from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}

'''Shiv Arora''' is an Indian politician. Shiv Arora serves as the MLA from [[Rudrapur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Rudrapur]] assembly constituency in the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhangar |first=Rampal |date=6 September 2024 |title=विधायक शिव अरोरा सिडकुल मे चल रहे डॉल्फिन कर्मचारियों के धरना स्थल पहुँचकर उनकी मांगो को सुना,विधायक ने जिला अधिकारी द्वारा गठित उच्च स्तरीय कमेटी के अध्यक्ष एडीएम पंकज उपाध्याय से की दूरभाष पर वार्ता,,अगले तीन दिन मे कर्मचारियों की मागो को लेकर कमेटी करेगी कम्पनी प्रबंधक से वार्ता |url=https://bastitimes24.in/2024/09/03/515151-5/ |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=Basti Times 24 News |pages=2–3}}</ref> as a member of the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Rudrapur, Uttarakhand Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP retains Rudrapur seat, Shiv Arora wins with 43320 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rudrapur-uttarakhand-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923025-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]], he defeated the INC candidate Meena Sharma by a margin of more than 19,800 votes.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arora, Shiv}}
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Balachandra Rao

2026-02-03T23:34:52Z

Aidan93118681: made new bio

{{Short description|Indian science author (1944–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox biography
| name = Balachandra Rao
| other_names = S Balachandra Rao
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1944|12|24|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|05|14|1944|12|24|df=y}}
}}

'''Balachandra Rao''' (Devanagari: बालचंद्र राव; 24 December 1944 – 14 May 2025) was an Indian mathematician at [[National Institute of Advanced Studies]] in Bangalore. He authored several books in the field of science, astronomy, mathematics. He was also trained in Sanskrit literature. He dedicated his life towards decoding the rich intellectual heritage of the ancient India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=T.V.Venkateswaran |date=16 May 2025 |title=Balachandra Rao: The pillar of Indian astronomy who dedicated his life to decoding India’s rich intellectual heritage |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/balachandra-rao-the-pillar-of-indian-astronomy-who-dedicated-his-life-to-decoding-indias-rich-intellectual-heritage/article69578023.ece |access-date=17 May 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Balachandra Rao |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2vmfeHUAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> He was also called ''S Balachandra Rao''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Archana |date=21 February 2015 |title=Studying Ancient Texts on Astronomy, Maths |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/Feb/21/studying-ancient-texts-on-astronomy-maths-719978.html |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi Centre Of Science and Human Values |url=https://www.bvbgandhicentre.org/bookstore/sku/indian-mathematics--astronomy-some-landmarks |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=www.bvbgandhicentre.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/indian-astronomy-an-introduction-s.-balachandra-rao |title=Indian Astronomy - An Introduction - S.Balachandra Rao}}</ref>

His quotes on [[Vedanga Jyotisha|Vedanga Jyotish]],

{{Quotes|text=“It is not just we who say that the Indian numeral system is a remarkable contribution. It has been acknowledged by European critics and mathematics historians, the world over. However, our affair with mathematics and astronomy dates back to 1200 BC, when Vedanga Jyotisa originated.”|author=Balachandra Rao}}

== Background ==
Rao was born on 24 December 1944.<ref name="venkateswaran">{{cite news |last1=Venkateswaran |first1=TV |title=S Balachandra Rao obit: Pillar of classical Indian astronomy, defender of rational thought |url=https://thefederal.com/category/obituary/s-balachandra-rao-obit-pillar-of-classical-indian-astronomy-defender-of-rational-thought-186885 |access-date=15 June 2025 |work=[[The Federal]] |date=14 May 2025}}</ref> He started his career as a professor of mathematics at National College in Bangalore. He later became the principal of the college. After retirement, he served at National Institute of Advanced Studies as a mathematician. Later he joined Gandhi Centre of Science and Human Values in Bengaluru. There he became the director of the institute.<ref name=":0" />

Rao died on 14 May 2025, at the age of 80.<ref name="venkateswaran"/>

== Researches and notable works ==
In 1992, Rao started his journey of research in the field of the ancient Indian mathematics. He studied in details about the contributions of ancient India to science and astronomy. In an interview, he dismissed the idea of the ancient ''Vimana Sasthra'' which got popularity in the recent [[Indian Science Congress Association|Indian Science Congress]].<ref name=":0" />

After his research on the Vedanga Jyotish, he pointed out that there should be some improvements in the parameters and the values in the age-old computational algorithms of the Vedanga Jyotish to get an accurate result as the orbits and the angular velocities of the heavenly bodies had changed with time.<ref name=":0" /> He quoted,

{{Quotes|text=“The algorithms in Vedanga Jyotisa give a fairly accurate result. If we predict an eclipse or solstice using it, the result will differ by a minute. This is because the orbits of heavenly bodies have become larger with time and angular velocities have changed. We improve the parameters and refine the values in the age-old computational algorithms, to get an accurate result.”}}

Rao extensively researched the ancient Sanskrit astronomical and mathematical texts of India. He unraveled the complex astronomical algorithms of the ancient Indian texts. He clarified the obscure ancient Sanskrit astronomical and mathematical texts for easy access of these texts to modern readers. In his research, he revealed the sophisticated knowledge of the classical Indian science. He also demonstrated the precise methods used by the classical scholars like [[Aryabhata]], [[Bhāskara I|Bhaskara]], and [[Varāhamihira|Varahamihira]] for calculating planetary positions, [[Eclipse|eclipses]], and timekeeping.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr. S. Balachandra Rao {{!}} Astronomical Society of India |url=https://demo.astron-soc.in/node/807 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=demo.astron-soc.in}}</ref>

Apart from decoding the rich intellectual heritage of the ancient India, he also combated and criticized the false claims and misinformation in the name of Vedic science.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]

{{India-mathematician-stub}}

Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank

2026-01-31T05:16:33Z

Aidan93118681: created new entry

{{Short description|Bank of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox company
|name = Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Ltd.
|logo = DNS_BANK_LOGO.jpg
|type = Multi-State Schedule Bank
|foundation = 6 September 1970.
|location = Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Ltd.
Scheduled Bank, "Madhukunj", P-52, M.I.D.C., Kalyan Shil Road, Sonarpada,, Dombivli (East), Thane, India
|key_people =
|industry = Banking
| products = [[Retail Banking]] [[Debit Cards]] [[Current account (banking)|Current Account]] [[Saving Account]] [[Corporate Banking]] [[Corporate Loan]] [[Internet Banking]] [[SMS Banking]] [[Mobile Banking]]
|num_employees = 750+
|homepage = [http://www.dnsbank.in Official Website]
}}

'''Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Ltd.''' ('''DNS BANK''') is the Multi-State Scheduled <ref name="rbi.org.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=11001|title=Reserve Bank of India - Publications|website=Rbi.org.in|accessdate=2 July 2018}}</ref> Bank located in the Thane District, state of Maharashtra established on 6 September 1970.<ref>[http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/25595874/ijrcm-2-cvol-1_issue-5.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEA&Expires=1470808922&Signature=nVQTkPo8coYhCz3%2BmO1OAY5vYQ0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DEMERGING_ROLE_OF_TECHNOLOGY_IN_RETAIL_SE.pdf#page=88] {{dead link|date=July 2018}}</ref> Having their Head office in [[Dombivli]], [[Thane]] District. Currently DNS Bank has 65 branches<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=2009|title=Reserve Bank of India - Database|website=Rbi.org.in|accessdate=2 July 2018}}</ref> across 12 districts in state of Maharashtra.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Ltd. got Scheduled status in the year 1996. In year 2006 this bank implemented Core Banking Services.
DNS Bank is 1st Co-operative Bank <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/press/in/en/pressrelease/40267.wss|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804192111/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/in/en/pressrelease/40267.wss|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2016|title=Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Selects IBM PureSystems over HP and Dell|date=2013-02-01|website=03.ibm.com|language=en-IN|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/press-releases/press-release-dombivli-nagari-sahakari-bank-selects-ibm-puresystems-over-hp-and-dell-1794780|title=Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Selects IBM PureSystems over HP and Dell {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2013-01-31|website=Dnaindia.com|access-date=2017-11-20|language=en-US}}</ref> to launch Mobile Banking<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/tag/dombivli-nagari-sahakari-bank|title=Dombivli nagari sahakari bank {{!}} Latest News on Dombivli nagari sahakari bank {{!}} Breaking Stories and Opinion Articles|website=Firstpost.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> Services<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imps.npci.org.in/P2P_DNSB.asp |title=IMPS |access-date=7 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308211413/http://imps.npci.org.in/P2P_DNSB.asp |archive-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/dns-bank-recruitment-last-date-to-apply-online-is-april-3/1/352615.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403121729/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/dns-bank-recruitment-last-date-to-apply-online-is-april-3/1/352615.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2014|title=DNS Bank recruitment: Last date to apply online is April 3 : Government Jobs|website=Indiatoday.intoday.in|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref> DNS Bank has adapted new technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressrelease/dns-bank-032515.html|title=Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank Chooses Oracle FLEXCUBE as its Core Banking Solution|website=Oracle.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>

Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank fall under [[List of banks in India|Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks in India]] and it regulatory body is [[Reserve Bank of India]]. Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank is one of the banks where Core Banking Solution (CBS) is in operation.<ref name="rbi.org.in"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkAWAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Dombivli+Nagari+Sahakari+Bank+Ltd.%22|title=Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India|date=2005|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|language=en}}</ref>

Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank is Live on Unified Payments Interface (UPI).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npci.org.in/upi-live-members |title=UPI Live Members | NPCI |access-date=4 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510105332/https://www.npci.org.in/upi-live-members |archive-date=10 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cooperatives in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Cooperative banks of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Thane]]
[[Category:Kalyan-Dombivli]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Banks established in 1970]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Banks based in Maharashtra]]

{{Asia-bank-stub}}
{{India-company-stub}}

Chundrigar

2026-01-30T23:22:05Z

Aidan93118681: brief corrected structure for consistency and updated info for consistency

{{Short description|Religious community in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}

{{Multiple issues|{{onesource| date=April 2024}}
{{Expand Arabic | date=April 2024 | topic=cult}}}}{{Infobox ethnic group|
|group= Chundrigar
|population =
|popplace = • India • Pakistan
|langs = • Primary language- [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]

• [[Urdu language|Urdu]] • [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|rels= Islam
|related=
}}

The '''Chundrigar''' are a Muslim community found in the state of Rajasthan, India. Some members of the community are also found in the city of [[Karachi]], Pakistan.<ref> Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Gujarat Population: Musalmans and Parsis, Volume IX pages 72 Government Central Press, Bombay</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Social groups of Pakistan]]

Nimtala Crematorium

2026-01-22T18:05:18Z

Aidan93118681: cleaned up intro and cleaned formatting based on references

{{Short description|Historic site in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Nimtala Crematorium
| native_name = নিমতলা মহাশ্মশান
| native_language = bn
| image = Nimtala burning ghat, Calcutta in 1945.jpg
| caption =The Nimtala burning ghat in 1945.
| locmapin =
| location = 2p, [[Strand Road, Kolkata|Strand Bank Road]], Beadon Street, [[Kolkata]] – 700006
| area = Beadon Street
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| governing_body =
| designation1 =
| designation1_offname =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation2 =
| designation2_offname =
| designation2_date =
| designation2_number =
| designation3 =
| designation3_offname =
| designation3_date =
| designation3_number =
| designation4 =
| designation4_offname =
| designation4_date =
| designation4_number =
| designation5 =
| designation5_offname =
| designation5_date =
| designation5_number =
}}
'''Nimtala Crematorium''' is located on Beadon Street, [[Kolkata]], [[India]]. The [[crematorium]] has been historically known as Nimtala burning ghat, or simply Nimtala ghat.<ref name="Chatterji1968">{{cite book|author=Sudhamoy Chatterji|title=Death and after|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-UtAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=16 December 2012|year=1968|publisher=Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay|page=110}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 June 2022 |title=Nimtala Burning Ghat: কানে আসে কিছু কান্না, আর্তনাদ! নিমতলা শ্মশান আজও হিম শ্রোত আনে শহরবাসীর শরীরে |work=The Bengali Chronicle |url=https://thebengalichronicle.com/horror-experience-nimtala-burning-chat/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |language=bn |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810090927/https://thebengalichronicle.com/horror-experience-nimtala-burning-chat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Located on the banks of the [[Hooghly River|Hoogly]] ([[Ganga]]) just like the [[Manikarnika Ghat]] in [[Varanasi]]; it is considered to be one of the holiest burning ghats in the country where the soul is said to attain [[moksha]], ie. breaking the cycle of birth and death. So people across the country comes here for the cremation of their loved ones. It is also one of the largest burning ghats in India.

== History ==
The first building of this burning ghat came up in 1717, but cremation was done almost 2000 years before that time. The present structure of the ghat was created by [[Rajchandra Das|Babu Rajchandra Das]], for the citizens of [[Calcutta]]. Before the creation of [[Keoratola crematorium]], it used to be the sole crematorium in the whole city. Feeling the need of the citizens Rajchandra constructed the ghat in 1817 after his father, [[Preetoram Marh|Babu Pritaram Marh's]] demise.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosha |first=Lokanātha |url=http://archive.org/details/modernhistoryin00unkngoog |title=The modern history of the Indian chiefs, rajas, Zamindars, &c. |date=1879 |publisher=Calcutta : J.N. Ghose |others=Oxford University |pages=73}}</ref>

In 2010 the central government of India upgraded the crematorium at a cost of INR ₹140 million (US$2.0 million). The last rites and cremation of "The Levitating Saint" Bhaduri Mahasaya - Maharshi Nagendranath Bhaduri were performed at Nimtala Burning Ghat in Kolkata on November 2, 1926.The Bengali polymath [[Rabindranath Tagore]] was cremated here in 1941. The Rabindranath Tagore Memorial in the crematorium compound was beautified as part of the 2010 project.<ref name="Rs 14cr upgrade for Nimtala burning ghat">{{cite news|title=Rs 14cr upgrade for Nimtala burning ghat|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100309/jsp/calcutta/story_12189585.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313231753/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100309/jsp/calcutta/story_12189585.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 March 2010|accessdate=16 December 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph Calcutta}}</ref>

The ghat has also been represented in popular literature. It plays a significant part in the plot of the [[2013 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards|2013 Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]] winning Malayalam novel, [[Aarachaar]], by [[K. R. Meera]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/Akademi%20Award%20-%202013_final.pdf |title=2013-ലെ കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി അവാർഡുകൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=December 2014 |accessdate=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613132951/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/pdf/Akademi%20Award%20-%202013_final.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Sahitya-Akademi-award-for-Meeras-Aarachar/articleshow/45583043.cms|title=Sahitya Akademi award for Meera's 'Aarachar'|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 December 2014|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/books/story/20140811-abhirami-sriram-kr-meera-hangwoman-review-phanibhushan-mullick-804801-2014-08-01|title=Abhirami Sriram reviews Hangwoman: Everybody loves a good hanging by KR Meera|work=India Today|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref>

== Notable funerals ==
* [[Rani Rashmoni]]
* [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]]
* [[Rajchandra Das]]
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
* [[Mutty Lall Seal]]
* [[Rajendralal Mitra]]
* [[Manik Bandopadhyay]]
* [[Samaresh Majumdar]]
* [[Sadhan Pande]]
* [[Gurudas Banerjee|Sir Gurudas Banerjee]]
* [[Preetoram Marh|Babu Preetoram Marh]]
* [[Debendranath Tagore]]
* [[Kadambari Devi]]
* [[Kadambini Ganguly]]
* [[Birendra Krishna Bhadra]]
* [[Bani Kumar]]
* [[Binodini Dasi|Noti Binodini]]
* [[Dwijen Mukhopadhyay]]
* [[Ramdulal Sarkar]]
* [[Subhas Chakraborty]]

== See also ==
* [[Keoratola crematorium]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
7) বিদ্যাসাগর ও অবিদ্যাসাগর-অসিত দাস(কচিপাতা প্রকাশন)

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Nimtala Burning Ghat}}

{{Kolkata topics}}

[[Category:Crematoria in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Death in India]]
[[Category:Ghats in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Ghats of India]]

{{hinduism-stub}}
{{death-stub}}

Panrepur

2026-01-20T22:16:13Z

Aidan93118681: created the details nd citations - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panrepur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 257
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/253865-panrepur-bihar.html|title=Census 2011, Panrepur village Data}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Panrepur''' is a village in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

{{AurangabadBihar-geo-stub}}

Bali, Rajasthan

2026-01-12T04:24:35Z

Aidan93118681: slightly enhanced page per sources and fixed typos per sources

{{about|a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan||Bali (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bali
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Prithviraj Chauhan Chauk.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Prithviraj Chauhan Chauk
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.18|N|73.28|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pali district|Pali]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1231 AD
| founder = maharao balaji balecha chouhan
| named_for = maharao balaji balecha chouhan
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation]]
| | governing_body = [[Nagar Palika]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 298
| population_total = 19880
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Godwari dialect|Godwari dialect (part of Marwari Language)]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 306701
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02938
| registration_plate = RJ-22
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 987 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =

}}
'''Bali''' is a town and a municipality in [[Pali district]] in the [[states and territories of India|Indian state]] of Rajasthan, on the left bank of the [[Mithari River]].

==Geography==
[[File:Maharana Pratap Chauk.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Maharana Pratap Chouk Bali]]
Bali is located at {{Coord|25.18|N|73.28|E|}}<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Bali2.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bali]</ref> near the [[Aravalli Range]]. It is a constituency of Pali district. It has an average elevation of 298 metres (977 feet). In the easts 7 km from Bali. The nearest airport is [[Udaipur]].

==Administration==
Bali is represented nationally by the [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali constituency]], and at the state level by the [[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali constituency]]. There are 25 wards in the municipality.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Bali had a population of 19,880. Males constitute 50.67% (10,007) of the population and females 49.33% (9,873). Bali has an average literacy rate of 64.28%, lower than the national average of 74.04%; with 74.51% of the males and 53.91% of females literate. 11.72% of the population is under 6 years of age. In 1897 its population was about 6000.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=102830 Bali]</ref> The majority of population of Bali consists of Jain and Marwadi community, which is also the most prosperous community. However most members of this community have settled elsewhere in India, where they carry out business and visit their ancestral town mostly to perform marriages in the family.

The [[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali Assembly constituency]] is one of the six [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in Pali district. In the past, it has also elected the former [[Chief Minister]] [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] as their [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in 1993 and 1998.<ref>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/rajasthan/bali.html Election Results of Bali, Rajasthan]</ref>

{{bar box
|title= Demographic distribution of religions in Bali
|titlebar=#DDD
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|82}}
{{bar percent|[[islam]]|green|13}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|red|3.7}}
{{bar percent|Others♦|black|1.3}}
|caption=
♦Includes 0.4% [[Christians]] and 0.2% [[Sikh]]s 
}}
{{Bar chart
| title = Population growth through the years
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Population
| bar_width = 35
| width_units = em
| data_max = 1,00,000
| label1 = 2014 | data1 =35000
}}

==As a tehsil==
Bali tehsil has 93 villages under 39 [[gram panchayat]]s and two municipalities, Falna and itself. Gram Panchayats are Amaliya, [[Barwa, Rajasthan|Barwa]], Bedal, Bera, Bhandar, Bhatund, Bheetwara, Bhimana, Bijapur, shri sela, Bisalpur, Boya, Chamunderi, [[Dhani-Sela|Dhani-Shri Sela]], Doodni, Falna Gaon, Goriya, Guralas, Kakardi, [[Khimel]], Kotbaliyan, Kothar, Koyalwao, Kumtiya, sandla, Kuran, Latara, [[Lunawa, Rajasthan|Lunawa]], Lundara, Malnoo, Mirgeshwar, Mokampura, [[Mundara]], [[Nana, Pali|Nana]], Paderla, Peepla, Perwa, Sena, Sesli, [[Sewari]] and Shivtalao.<ref>[http://www.gloriousindia.com/unleashed/place.php?id=5046 Bali Tehsil/Mandal]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://offerings.nic.in/directory/pdface.asp |title=National Panchayat Directory |access-date=7 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217045626/http://offerings.nic.in/directory/PDFace.asp |archive-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tehsil has an area of about 1304.26 square kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pali.nic.in/bali.htm |title=Bali tehsil |access-date=31 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409234416/http://pali.nic.in/bali.htm |archive-date=9 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Population of the tehsil is 2,23,027 (2001 census). Out of which 1,83,802 is rural while 39,225 is urban. Male constitutes 1,11,572 and female population is 1,11,455.<ref>[http://ourvillageindia.org/Place.aspx?PID=435389 Bali tehsil population]</ref>

[[File:Chotmal Surana Chowk.jpg|alt=Chotmal Surana Chowk|thumb|Chotmal Suraana Chowk]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pali district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pali district]]

Population Control Bill, 2019

2026-01-09T08:46:59Z

Aidan93118681: adjusted references for accuracy per standard format

{{short description|Proposed population control bill, India}}
The '''Population Control Bill, 2019''' (or, '''Population Regulation Bill, 2019''') is a proposed bill introduced in the [[Rajya Sabha]] in July 2019 by [[Rakesh Sinha]]. The purpose of the bill is to control the population growth of India. According to the ''World Population Prospects 2019'' report by the [[United Nations]], the population of India was set to overtake that of China within a decade, which has occurred. The proposed bill was signed by 125 [[Member of parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]] (MP) and is yet to become an act of law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/can-proposed-population-regulation-bill-2019-solve-india-s-population-growth-crisis-1563197280540.html|title=Can proposed 'Population Regulation Bill, 2019' solve India's population crisis?|last=Sharma|first=Neetu Chandra|date=2019-07-15|website=Livemint|language=en|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/govt-working-on-formulating-population-control-law-union-minister-sanjeev-balyan-1619713-2019-11-16|title=Govt working on formulating population control law: Union minister Sanjeev Balyan - India News|website=India Today|date=2019-11-16|author=Siraj Qureshi|access-date=2020-12-23}}</ref>

== Summary ==
On 7 February 2020, the Constitution (Amendment) Bill, 2020 was introduced in the Rajya Sabha by [[Anil Desai]], a [[Shiv Sena]] MP. Desai proposed to amend the Article 47A of the Constitution of India to state<ref name="theprint">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/tax-sops-incentives-in-jobs-and-education-new-bill-proposes-to-promote-2-child-policy/364053/|title=Tax sops, incentives in jobs & education: Sena MP moves bill to promote 2-child policy|last1=M|first1=Apoorva|last2=hani|date=2020-02-12|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> -

{{Blockquote|text=The State shall promote small family norms by offering incentives in taxes, employment, education etc. to its people who keep their family limited to two children and shall withdraw every concession from and deprive such incentives to those not adhering to small family norm, to keep the growing population under control.|author=|title=|source=}}

The 2020 bill proposes to introduce a two-child policy per couple and aims to incentivize its adoption through various measures such as educational benefits, taxation cuts, home loans, free healthcare, and better employment opportunities. The 2019 bill proposed by Sinha talks about introducing penalties for couples not adhering to the two-child policy such as debarment from contesting in elections and ineligibility for government jobs.<ref name="theprint"/>

In July 2022, it was reported that BJP MP [[Ravi Kishan]] was going to introduce private members' bill on [[Population control]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-mp-ravi-kishan-to-introduce-population-control-bill-as-vishwa-guru-formula-101658473084244.html | title=BJP MP Ravi Kishan to table population control bill as 'Vishwa Guru' formula | date=22 July 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjp-mp-ravi-kishan-to-table-population-control-bill-in-lok-sabha-today-10941561.html | title=BJP MP Ravi Kishan to table population control bill in Lok Sabha today | date=22 July 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/bjp-lok-sabha-mp-ravi-kishan-private-members-bill-on-population-control-today-article-93041868 | title=BJP Lok Sabha MP Ravi Kishan to introduce Private Members' Bill on population control today | date=22 July 2022 }}</ref>
In the same month [[Giriraj Singh]] supported calls for [[Population control]] laws.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/like-mouth-of-sursa-giriraj-singh-seeks-tough-population-control-law-draws-comparison-with-china-101657539246560.html | title='Like mouth of Sursa': Giriraj Singh seeks tough population control law, draws comparison with China | date=11 July 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/giriraj-singh-stringent-law-population-control-8022578/ | title=Union minister Giriraj Singh makes fresh pitch for stringent population law | date=11 July 2022 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Columnist Shivanshu K. Srivastava wrote "It is urgently required that our lawmakers pass the Population Control Bill under which an upper limit to the number of children a couple can have is specified. Couples exceeding this limit must be penalised."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Shivanshu K. |date=21 January 2019 |title=Lawmakers must pass a population control bill |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20190121/281655371262039 |access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Population control]]
* [[Human overpopulation]]
* [[Two-child policy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Family Planning In India}}

[[Category:Proposed laws of India]]
[[Category:Population]]
[[Category:Family planning in India| ]]
[[Category:Health programmes in India]]
[[Category:Demographics of India]]
[[Category:Human overpopulation]]
[[Category:Population ecology]]
[[Category:Birth control in India]]

Vamanapuram

2026-01-09T07:01:07Z

Aidan93118681:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vamanapuram
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.7251|N|76.9012|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Nedumangad]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 21038
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 695606<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pin/pinsearch.aspx|title=India Post :Pincode Search|access-date=2008-12-16}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0472
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL-16,KL-21,KL-01]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Attingal,Kilimanoor,Venjaramodu
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Attingal
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Vamanapuram
| website = http://www.lsgkerala.in/vamanapurampanchayat
| footnotes =
}}

''' Vamanapuram ''' is a village in the [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] of [[Kerala]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com/#?lat=8.7251900&lon=76.9012300&z=4&plat=8.6044900&plon=77.0552400&pz=4&addr=Vamanapuram|title=Yahoo Maps India : Vamanapuram|access-date=2008-12-18}}</ref> It is the location of Shri '[[Vamana]]', one of the ten incarnations of Maha Vishnu. The Lord Vamana temple is situated here, which is reflected in the name Vamanapuram, meaning, 'the city of the lord Vamana'.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Vamanapuram had a population of 21,038 with 9,653 males and 11,385 females.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vamanapuram Village Population - Nedumangad - Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/628480-vamanapuram-kerala.html |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name="censusindia" />

==Geography==

Vamanapuram is located at 8°41′0″N 76°56′0″E on Main Central Road, approximately 32 km from Thiruvananthapuram in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala.
The nearest airport is Thiruvananthapuram International Airport, and the nearest railway station is Thiruvananthapuram Central. The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation operates a bus depot in Vamanapuram, providing good connectivity to various parts of the state. Gokulam Medical College and Muslim Association College of Engineering are also situated here.
Vamanapuram is located on the banks of the Vamanapuram River, the longest river in the Thiruvananthapuram district.
Some government offices are housed in buildings constructed under British rule.

===State Government Offices===
* Sub Registrar's Office, Vamanapuram
* Excise Office Vamanapuram
* Village Office Vamanapuram
* Assistant Director of Agriculture, Vamanapuram
* [[Krishi Bhavan]], Vamanapuram
* KSEB Section Office, Vamanapuram
* Panchayath Office, Vamanapuram
* Irrigation Office, Vamanapuram
* Govt Homeo Hospital, Vamanapuram
* Govt Ayurveda Hospital, Vamanapuram
* Govt Hospital, Vamanapuram
* BSNL Telephone Exchange, Vamanapuram
* Post Office, Vamanapuram

===Bank===
* State Bank of India
* Co-operative Society

===Vamanapuram Public market===
It has been one of the well-known markets for spices, vegetables, and other agricultural products for a long time. Tuesday and Friday are the market days.

===Kuttoor Temple===
Located in the heart of the town. Kuttoor is an Ayyappa (Sastha) temple, ruled by Travancore Devaswam Board.
Kuttor Pooram, usually celebrated end of every march, as part of Utsavam.

=== Muthumari Amman Mahadevasthanam ===
The deity of this temple is Lord Siva and Parvathy. This is one of the oldest deities in South Kerala, located in the heart of Vamanapuram city. This temple is over 125 years old and belongs to the Vamanapuram Tamil Vishwabrahma community. Although it is primarily a family temple for the Tamil Vishwa Brahma community, people from other communities also visit and perform poojas here. Muthumariamma is the Goddess Parvati. Goddess Parvati is considered as their family deity and is worshiped along with other deities such as Lord Shiva and Balamurugan Mahaganapati and Sastav. Believers hold that Muthumariamman symbolizes sacrifice and motherhood, and that she offersabundant wealth and good health to her devoted followers.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Thiruvananthapuram district}}

[[Category:Villages in Thiruvananthapuram district]]

{{Thiruvananthapuram-geo-stub}}

Gongadi Trisha

2026-01-05T22:12:37Z

Aidan93118681: created info!

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Gongadi Trisha
| female = true
| full_name = Gongadi V Trisha
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|12|15|df=y}}
| height = {{convert|5|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
| birth_place = [[Bhadrachalam]], [[Telangana]], India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg spin|leg break]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| club1 = [[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2017/18–present}}

| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 3
| runs1 = 191
| bat avg1 = 47.75
| 100s/50s1 = 0/1
| top score1 = 93
| deliveries1 = 186
| wickets1 = 5
| bowl avg1 = 17.20
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 3/32
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 33
| runs2 = 701
| bat avg2 = 23.36
| 100s/50s2 = 0/3
| top score2 = 95
| deliveries2 = 1,558
| wickets2 = 25
| bowl avg2 = 29.60
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/17
| catches/stumpings2 = 7/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 33
| runs3 = 583
| bat avg3 = 23.32
| 100s/50s3 = 0/3
| top score3 = 72
| deliveries3 = 604
| wickets3 = 24
| bowl avg3 = 20.66
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/10
| catches/stumpings3 = 4/–

| date = 7 August
| year = 2025
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1255483.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry |{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|U19 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2023 South Africa]]|}}
{{Medal|W|[[2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2025 Malaysia]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup|U19 Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2024 ACC Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup|2024 Malaysia]]|}}
}}
'''Gongadi Trisha''' (born 15 December 2005) is an Indian [[cricket]]er. An [[all-rounder]], she [[Batting (cricket)|bats]] right-handed and [[Bowling (cricket)|bowls]] right-arm [[leg spin|leg breaks]]. She was a part of the [[India women's national under-19 cricket team|India]] teams that won the inaugural and second edition of the [[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/gongadi-trisha-1255483|title=Player Profile: Gongadi Trisha |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="CAprof">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1780/1780467/1780467.html|title=Player Profile: Gongadi Trisha |publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=31 January 2023}}</ref>

Trisha created history by scoring a century in the [[2025 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2025 Women's U19 T20 World Cup]] and became the first centurion in the history of Women's U19 T20 World Cup.<ref name="India’s Gongadi Trisha hits historic first-ever century in U19 Women’s T20 World Cup">{{cite news |title=India’s Gongadi Trisha hits historic first-ever century in U19 Women’s T20 World Cup |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-u19-womens-t20-world-cup-gongadi-trisha-century-india-vs-scotland-2671259-2025-01-28 |access-date=28 January 2025 |publisher=India Today |date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128160103/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-u19-womens-t20-world-cup-gongadi-trisha-century-india-vs-scotland-2671259-2025-01-28 |archive-date=28 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ICC Women’s Under-19 Twenty20 World Cup: India under-19 women vs Scotland under-19 women; Trisha Gongadi scores first-ever century in women’s U-19 T20 World Cup history">{{cite news |title=ICC Women’s Under-19 Twenty20 World Cup: India under-19 women vs Scotland under-19 women; Trisha Gongadi scores first-ever century in women’s U-19 T20 World Cup history |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/icc-womens-under-19-t20-world-cup-india-vs-scotland/article69150186.ece |access-date=28 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128160724/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/icc-womens-under-19-t20-world-cup-india-vs-scotland/article69150186.ece |archive-date=28 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Trisha was born in [[Bhadrachalam]], [[Telangana]].<ref name="newindianexpress">{{Cite web |title=Breaking the barriers of the 'gentleman's game' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/aug/28/breaking-the-barriers-of-the-gentlemans-game-2492252.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Her father, who worked as a fitness trainer in a private company, recognized her talent and encouraged her to play cricket regularly, and left his job and moved to [[Secunderabad]] from Bhadrachalam to train his daughter in cricket. At seven years old, Trisha was admitted to the St John's Cricket Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |date=2022-11-20 |title=Bhadradri student Trisha figures in India's Under-19 T-20 team |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/201122/bhadradri-student-trisha-figures-in-indias-under-19-t-20-team.html |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
After playing for Hyderabad and South Zone age group teams, Trisha made her debut for [[Hyderabad women's cricket team|Hyderabad]] in the [[2017–18 Senior Women's T20 League]].<ref>{{Cite interview|interviewer=Annesha Ghosh|first=Gongadi|last=Trisha|title=Hyderabad prodigy G Trisha hopes to live her father's dreams at the U-19 World Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/womens-under-19-world-cup-hyderabad-prodigy-g-trisha-hopes-to-live-her-fathers-dreams-in-south-africa-1353517 |access-date=2023-01-30 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> She represented India B in the 2021–22 U19 Women's Cricket Challengers, as well as the [[2021–22 Senior Women's Challenger Trophy]] in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="newindianexpress"/>

In January 2023, Trisha played for [[India women's national under-19 cricket team|India]] at the [[2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup|2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Cunha |first=Zenia |title=Indian cricket: Prodigiously talented, G Trisha continues to make the right moves |url=https://scroll.in/field/1010263/indian-cricket-prodigiously-talented-g-trisha-continues-to-make-the-right-moves |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Landmark day for women's U19 cricket: India head coach Dravid on T20 World Cup win |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/landmark-day-for-womens-u19-cricket-india-head-coach-dravid-on-t20-world-cup-win20230130085919/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> In the final of the tournament, she top-scored with 24 as her side won by 7 wickets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title=India trumps England to win first Women's U19 T20 World Cup |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/story/india-trumps-england-to-win-first-womens-u19-t20-world-cup-368015-2023-01-29 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 29, 2023 |title=India clinch inaugural ICC Women's U19 T20 World Cup with crushing victory over England. Cricket News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/india-clinch-inaugural-icc-womens-u19-t20-world-cup-with-crushing-victory-over-england/articleshow/97421556.cms |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255483}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trisha, Gongadi}}
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:Hyderabad women cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Bhadradri Kothagudem district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Ojapali

2026-01-04T20:29:37Z

Aidan93118681: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Type of dance}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
[[File:Oja Pali.jpg|thumb|[[File:Manasa-popular.JPG|alt=MANASA DEVI FIRST ORIGINATED IN ASSAM . THE SOI GAON WITH THE MEMORY OF BEULA AND LAKHINDAR EXISTS HERE . SHE IS KNOWN FOR ANGRYNESS WITH CHAND SADAGAR .|thumb|SHAKTA GODDESS DEVI PADAMVATI{MANASA MAA}]]byah gowa ojapali : darang]]

'''Ojapali''' is an Assamese narrative song–dance tradition performed by an ensemble led by an ''oja'' (lead) and supported by ''pali'' (chorus). Scholars trace its roots to the pan-Indian '''''kathakata''''' (epic storytelling) tradition and date its development well before the neo-Vaishnavite movement in [[Assam]].{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|p=106}}{{sfn|Borah|2023|pp=48–49}} Darrang district is considered a historical hub of Ojapali performance, particularly from the time of King Dharmanarayana (1615–1637).{{cite web |title=Ojapali Tradition and National Movement in Assam |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2820144}} The form blends sung narration, dialogue, gesture and semi-improvised dramatisation, accompanied primarily by small cymbals (''khutitaal'').{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=106–109}}{{sfn|Baruah|2017|pp=12–15}}

[[File:Oja Pali.jpg|thumb|An Ojapali ensemble, Assam.]]

== Origins and historical context ==
Ojapali is regarded as deriving from the '''''kathakata''''' tradition of storytelling, adapted to local ritual and community performance.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=106–111}} Its epic-based strands cite Assamese retellings of the ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'', while non-epic strands are rooted in Śākta (Shakti) worship practices.{{sfn|Baruah|2016|pp=100–103}} The form consolidated under the [[Kamata Kingdom|Kamata kingdom]] and was patronised in Darrang under King Dharmanarayana. During the fifteenth–sixteenth centuries, Ojapali intersected with the [[Bhakti movement]] in Assam; later writers note that elements of Ojapali informed developments in the theatre and music associated with the neo-Vaishnavite sattras.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=107–109}}

Several art historians and performance scholars also suggest that Srimanta Śaṅkaradeva’s theatrical idiom (''Ankiya Naat''/''Bhaona'') was influenced by Ojapali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Social Reserch Foundation |url=https://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/new/publish-journal.php?editID=1430 |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=www.socialresearchfoundation.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarma |first=Madan |date=2022-08-04 |title=Anka or Aṅkīyā Nāṭ: Genesis and Structure |url=https://www.academia.edu/84166432 |journal=Mahapurusjyoti}}</ref>

== Performance and style ==
An Ojapali troupe typically comprises an '''oja''' (lead) and four or five '''pali''' (chorus). The chief chorister, the '''''Daina-pali''''', stands to the right of the oja and advances the narrative through repartee and explanation.{{sfn|Baruah|2016|p=101}}{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=108–109}} Performance combines sung verses, dialogue, rhythmic footwork and gestures; the ensemble keeps time with ''khutitaal'' (small cymbals), and in some contexts may be joined by other percussive support.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=108–109}} Costumes vary by subtype: Byah ensembles often use white turbans and ''chapkan'', while Sattriya Ojapali adopts sankari attire and ornamentation consistent with sattra practice.{{sfn|Baruah|2016|p=102}}

== Variations / forms ==
Scholarly sources commonly distinguish three principal forms, sometimes grouped under “epic-based” and “non-epic/Śākta-linked” heads:{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|p=107}}{{sfn|Baruah|2023|pp=1–2}}
* '''Byah/Bigoya (Vyāsa-gowa) Ojapali''' – epic-based; narrations from the ''Ramayana'', ''Mahabharata'', ''Bhagavata Purana'' and other purāṇic themes.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|p=107}}
* '''Sukananni / Maroi-gowa (Manasā) Ojapali''' – Śākta-linked; ritual narratives centred on the serpent goddess Manasā (''Maroi''). Many troupes sing ''padāvali'' composed by the poet Narayanadeva in the ''Padma-Purana'' tradition.{{cite journal |last=Baruah |first=Sudarshan |title=Types of Ojapali: Sattriya Ojapali and Manasha Ojapali |journal=Naad-Nartan: Journal of Dance & Music |year=2023 |url=https://naadnartan.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Dr.-Sudarshan-Baruah.pdf}}
* '''Ramayani Ojapali''' – performances focused on episodes from the ''Ramayana''.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|p=107}}

In addition, a distinct '''Sattriya Ojapali''' evolved within the sattra milieu; scholars describe it as Śaṅkaradeva’s adaptation, synthesising Byah elements with sankari aesthetics.{{cite journal |title=Satriya Ojapali Music of Assam and Its Classical Elements |journal=Sangeet Galaxy |url=https://sangeetgalaxy.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/3573219253-SatriyaOjapaliClassicalelements_final.pdf}}

== Cultural significance ==
Sukananni/Manasā Ojapali is closely associated with Śākta worship and temple-centred ritual in lower Assam, particularly narratives of Beula–Lakhindar linked to Manasā devotion<ref>{{Cite web |title=indianculture.gov.in/node/2820144 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/node/2820144}}</ref>.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=107–108}} Beyond ritual, Ojapali has served as a medium for moral instruction, community memory and, in the twentieth century, public mobilisation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnisala Dhuliya Party and Freedom Movement |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/agnisala-dhuliya-party-and-freedom-movement}}</ref>{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|pp=106–109}}

== Geographical distribution ==
Historically anchored in present-day '''[[Darrang district|Darrang]]''' (including [[Mangaldoi|Mangaldai]] and [[Sipajhar]]), Ojapali continues in parts of lower Assam such as [[Nalbari]], [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]], [[Bajali district|Bajali]], [[Baksa district|Baksa]] and [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]], with practitioners active in [[Tezpur]] and adjoining districts. Contemporary performances are also reported from [[Mangaldoi|Mangaldai]] groups led by disciples of Oja Upendra Kalita.

== Notable practitioners ==
* '''[[Lalit Chandra Nath]] (Lalit Oja)''' – exponent of Sukananni Ojapali; Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1983) and Rabindranath Tagore Award (2012); long-time work in Sipajhar.{{cite news |title=All the world's a stage for Lalit Chandra Nath Ojha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/all-the-worlds-a-stage-for-lalit-chandra-nath-ojha/articleshow/16469546.cms}}
* '''Kinaram Nath Oja''' – Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2012) for Sukanani Ojapali.{{cite web |title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowships and Akademi Awards 2012 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=91137}} [[File:Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Akademi Award to Shri Kina Ram Nath Oja, in the field of Sukani Ojapali, at the investiture ceremony of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards 2012, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Kinaram Nath Oja receiving the SNA Award (2012).]]
* '''[[Durgabar Kayastha]]''' – early poet–performer linked to ‘’Durgavari Ojapali’’ (lyrical ''Ramayana'' repertoire).
* '''Baloram Konwar and troupe''' – Mangaldai-based Byah Ojapali group active in the 1990s–2010s, disciples of Oja Upendra Kalita.

== Preservation and revival ==
Support mechanisms include artist pensions, workshops and training schemes under the Ministry of Culture and the Sangeet Natak Akademi; university and civil-society initiatives have also documented and taught the form.{{sfn|Baruah|Choudhury|2023|p=109}}{{cite news |title=Artiste's appeal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/artiste-s-appeal/cid/291603}} Contemporary reportage notes both continued practice and challenges to livelihoods for troupes, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=COVID-19 pandemic: Ojapali folk artistes of Assam seek government help |date=6 June 2020 |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/covid-19-pandemic-ojapali-folk-artistes-of-assam-seek-government-help-481084}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Sattriya]]
* [[Bhaona]]
* [[Deodhani dance]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last=Baruah |first=Sudarshana |title=Ojapali: the ancient music tradition of Assam, its application in Vaishnav sattra and classical elements |publisher=Chandra Prakash |year=2017}}
* {{cite book |last=Neog |first=Maheswar |title=Satriya Dances of Assam and their Rhythms |publisher=Board of Assam |year=1975}}
* {{cite book |last=Sarma |first=Navin Chandra |title=Assamor Parivesyakala: Ojapali |publisher=Bani Prakashan |location=Guwahati |year=1994}}

== External links ==
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dance_of_Assam Media related to Ojapali] on Wikimedia Commons

[[Category:Folk dances of Assam]]
[[Category:Indian folk dances]]
[[Category:Culture of Assam]]

'''Short-footnote sources used above:'''

Baruah & Choudhury 2023 = {{cite journal |last1=Baruah |first1=Tiluttoma |last2=Choudhury |first2=Kunal |title=Ojapali Dance of Assam: A Brief Overview |journal=Annals of Multidisciplinary Research, Innovation and Technology |volume=2 |issue=2 |year=2023 |pages=106–109 |url=https://adtu.in/files/current_issue/vol2_issue2/vol2-issue2-article015.pdf }}

Borah 2023 = S.R. Borah, “The Sattriya Ojapali Tradition of Assam: A Brief Overview,” 2023, https://www.gapbodhitaru.org/res/articles/%2848-53%29%20THE%20SATTRIYA%20OJAPALI%20TRADITION%20OF%20ASSAM%20A%20BRIEF%20OVERVIEW.pdf.

Barmer

2026-01-03T04:50:33Z

Aidan93118681: made info

{{wikt|Barmer}}
'''Barmer''' may refer to:

*[[Barmer district]], a district of Rajasthan state, India
**[[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)]], a Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency of Rajasthan
**[[Barmer, Rajasthan]], a city in Barmer district
**[[Barmer Taluka]]
**[[Barmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)]], a state assembly constituency of Rajasthan
*[[Barmer, Norfolk]], a village in England
*[[Barmer Spitze]], a mountain on the border between Tyrol, Austria, and South Tyrol, Italy

{{geodis}}

Buddha Temple, Buddhamangalam

2025-12-22T07:04:21Z

Aidan93118681: created new place!

{{Short description|Buddhist temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
[[File:Buddhamangalambuddhatemple.jpg|thumb|Buddha Temple, Buddhamangalam]]
The '''Buddha Temple''' is a temple dedicated to [[Buddha]], at Buddhamangalam, Nagapattinam district, [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

==Location==
This temple, one of the [[List of Buddhist temples in India|Buddha temples in Tamil Nadu]], is located at Buddhamangalam in [[Kilvelur taluk]] of Nagapattinam district.<ref name="theekkathir">[https://theekkathir.in/News/tamilnadu/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88/will-buddha-statues-be-preserved நாகையில் பௌத்த அடையாளத்தை தாங்கி நிற்கும் புத்தர் சிலைகள் பாதுகாக்கப்படுமா? தீக்கதிர், 15 மே 2012]</ref> This is one of the earlier Buddhist centres of Tamil Nadu.<ref>[https://cutn.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Report_of_the_Symposium.pdf One day symposium on Influence of Buddhism on Dravidian Literature, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 18 December 2018]</ref>

==Statue==
The Buddha statue in this temple is found in sitting posture on a pedestal. The face is not clear. The temple is not maintained now.<ref name="theekkathir"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/news/962752 டெல்டா மாவட்டங்களில் பராமரிப்பின்றி புத்தர் சிலைகள், தினமலர், 27 ஏப்ரல் 2014]
* [https://puthu.thinnai.com/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA/ சு.மாதவன், தமிழர் வாழ்வியலுக்கு பௌத்த சமணத்தின் கொடை, திண்ணை, 3 அக்டோபர் 2016]
* [https://minnambalam.com/public/2018/04/22/26 ஸ்டாலின் ராஜாங்கம், சூடாமணி புத்த விகாரும் அம்பேத்கர் நாள் விழாவும்!, மின்னம்பலம், 22 ஏப்ரல் 2018]
* [https://www.tnpscthervupettagam.com/articles-detail/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%9E%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA இன்று புத்த ஞாயிற்றின் பெருநாள், டிஎன்பிஎஸ்சி தேர்வுப்பெட்டகம், தினமணி இதழிலிருந்து, 18 மே 2019]

{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Buddhist temples in India| ]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Tamil Nadu]]

Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-20T05:01:13Z

Aidan93118681: made the entry initial version

{{Short description|Lok sabha constituency in Telangana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Zahirabad {{Small|TG-5}}
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Andhra Pradesh/Zahirabad.map}}
| map_caption = Zahirabad Lok Sabha Constituency in Telangana
| established = 2008
| party = {{Party index link| Indian National Congress}}
| mp = [[Suresh Shetkar|Suresh Kumar Shetkar]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| electors = 1,445,246<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014"]</ref>
| assembly_cons = [[Jukkal Assembly constituency|Jukkal]] [[Banswada Assembly constituency|Banswada]] [[Yellareddy Assembly constituency|Yellareddy]] [[Kamareddy Assembly constituency|Kamareddy]] [[Narayankhed Assembly constituency|Narayankhed]] [[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]] [[Zahirabad Assembly constituency|Zahirabad]]
}}
'''Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 17 [[Lok Sabha]] (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in [[Telangana]] state in southern [[India]].<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=30}}</ref>

[[Suresh Kumar Shetkar]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is currently representing the constituency for second time.

==History==
The constituency came into existence in 2008, following the implementation of [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted in 2002. It comprises three constituencies from [[Medak district]] and four assembly constituencies from [[Kamareddy district]].<ref name="ceo"/>

==Assembly segments==
Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:<ref name="ceo"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan=2 |Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|13
|[[Jukkal Assembly constituency|Jukkal]] (SC)
| rowspan="4" |[[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]]
|[[Thota Laxmi Kantha Rao]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|14
|[[Banswada Assembly constituency|Banswada]]
|[[Pocharam Srinivas Reddy]]
|{{party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|15
|[[Yellareddy Assembly constituency|Yellareddy]]
|[[K. Madan Mohan Rao]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|16
|[[Kamareddy Assembly constituency|Kamareddy]]
|[[K. V. Ramana Reddy]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|35
|[[Narayankhed Assembly constituency|Narayankhed]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]]
|[[Patlolla Sanjeeva Reddy]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|36
|[[Andole Assembly constituency|Andole]] (SC)
|[[Damodar Raja Narasimha]]
|-
|38
|[[Zahirabad Assembly constituency|Zahirabad]] (SC)
|[[Koninty Manik Rao|K. Manik Rao]]
|{{party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1952-2008 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Suresh Shetkar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[B. B. Patil]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|
2024]]
|[[Suresh Shetkar]]
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

===2024===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election in Telangana]]: [[Zahirabad]]}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Suresh Kumar Shetkar]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=528,418|percentage=42.73|change={{increase}}1.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[B. B. Patil]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=482,230|percentage=39.00|change={{increase}}25.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gali Anil Kumar|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|votes=172,078|percentage=13.92|change={{decrease}}27.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=2,977|percentage=0.24|change={{decrease}}0.83}}
{{Election box majority|votes=46,188|percentage=3.72|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,236,593|percentage=74.63|change={{increase}}4.93}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner =Indian National Congress
|loser =Bharat Rashtra Samithi
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS295.htm

=== General election, 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general election]]: [[Zahirabad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[B. B. Patil]]
|votes = 4,34,244
|percentage =41.58
|change = -4.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Madan Mohan Rao|votes=4,28,015|percentage=40.98|change=+7.73}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Banala Laxma Reddy|votes=1,38,947|percentage=13.30|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=11,640|percentage=1.07|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=6,229|percentage=0.60|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=10,44,504|percentage=69.70|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi

| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Zahirabad]]<ref>[https://www.elections.in/telangana/parliamentary-constituencies/zahirabad.html ZAHIRABAD LOK SABHA (GENERAL) ELECTIONS RESULT]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[B. B. Patil]]
|votes = 5,08,661
|percentage = 46.46
|change = +9.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Suresh Kumar Shetkar]]
|votes = 3,64,030
|percentage = 33.25
|change = -5.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = K.Madan Mohan Rao
|votes = 1,57,497
|percentage = 14.39
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (A)
|candidate = Marri Durgesh
|votes = 18,027
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Mahmood Mohiuddin
|votes = 12,383
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Syed Ferozuddin
|votes = 8,180
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 11,157
|percentage = 1.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 1,44,631
| percentage = 13.21
| change = +11.50
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,94,806
| percentage = 77.28
| change = +2.61
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = +6.45
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Zahirabad]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Suresh Kumar Shetkar]]
|votes = 3,95,767
|percentage = 38.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = Syed Yousuf Ali
|votes = 3,78,360
|percentage = 37.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Malkapuram Shivakumar
|votes = 1,12,792
|percentage = 11.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 17,407
| percentage = 1.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,17,290
| percentage = 74.67
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner =Indian National Congress
|loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Medak district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/telangana/zahirabad/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Zahirabad lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coords|17.7|77.6|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Telangana]]
[[Category:Medak district]]