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Sayanora Philip

2026-05-08T18:05:48Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Basic Post More To Come...

{{short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sayanora Philip
| image = Sayanora Philip, 2011 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| birth_name = Sayanora
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place = [[Kannur district|Kannur]], [[Kerala]], India
| instrument = Vocalist
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active = 2004 {{endash}} present
| website = {{URL|http://sayanoraphilip.com/}}
}}
'''Sayanora Philip''' is an Indian [[playback singer]] who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film industry.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/sayanora-philip-on-working-with-her-sister-in-stand-up-and-her-musical-experiments/article29640667.ece |title=Sayanora Philip on what makes 'Stand Up' special for her |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 October 2019 |last1=M |first1=Athira}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/171216/sayanora-philip-caught-in-uber-auto-tiff.html |title=Sayanora Philip caught in Uber-auto tiff |date=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/feb/23/singer-sayanora-philip-turns-music-director-1777507.html |title=Singer Sayanora Philip turns music director|date=23 February 2018 }}</ref>

==Early life==

Sayanora was born in [[Kannur district|Kannur]].
She did her schooling in St. Teresa's Anglo Indian Girls High School and degree from [[S. N. College, Kannur]]. She was appreciated for her singing abilities. She participated in many singing competitions during her school days and won many prizes.
Currently she lives in [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes.
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Pranayakalam]]'' || Herself in a song || Song: ''Kari Ravin''
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Wonder Women (2022 film)|Wonder Women]]'' || Saya ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Oru Jaathi Jathakam]]'' || Baby ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-03-04 |title=Teaser of Vineeth Sreenivasan's Oru Jaathi Jathakam out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/04/teaser-of-vineeth-sreenivasans-oru-jaathi-jathakam-out |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Dubbing==
* 2018: ''Rabbit Hole'' – Narrator
* 2018: ''[[Hey Jude (film)|Hey Jude]]'' for [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]]
* 2019: ''[[Stand Up (2019 film)|Stand Up]]'' for [[Nimisha Sajayan]]
* 2023: ''[[Masterpeace (TV series)|Master Peace]]'' – Mona Lisa (narrator)
* 2024: ''[[Barroz 3D]]'' for Joshua Okesalako<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/interviews/2025/01/04/mohanlal-film-barroz-occultist-character-actor-joshua-okesalako-interview.html |title=My role in 'Barroz' was initially written for a woman: Indo-Nigerian actor Joshua Okesalako|date=4 January 2025}}</ref>
* 2025: ''[[Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra]]'' for [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]]<ref name="lokah">{{Cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/sayanora-dubbing-kalyani-lokah-box-office-hit-q9k0doh0 |title=Box-office success for 'Lokah': Sayanora Philip lends voice to Kalyani's lead character Chandra|date=1 September 2025}}</ref>
* 2025: ''[[Odum Kuthira Chaadum Kuthira]]'' for [[Kalyani Priyadarshan]]<ref name="lokah"/>

==Discography==
===Hindi songs===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Song(s) || Film || Year || Singer || Lyrics || Musician
|-
| Lut Gayee|| [[Hulchul (2004 film)|Hulchul]] || 2004 || [[Gayathri Iyer]], [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]], [[Rajalakshmi]]|| [[Sameer]]||[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|-
|}

===Malayalam songs===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Song(s) || Film || Year || Singer || Lyrics || Musician
|-
| I love You December|| [[Vettam]] || 2004 || [[MG Sreekumar]], [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]||[[Rajeev Alunkal]]||[[Berny–Ignatius]]
|-
|Am I Dreaming||[[Manjupoloru Penkutti]]|| 2004|| Sayanora Philip|| Shelton Pinheiro ||[[Alphons Joseph]]
|-
|Chocolate Hero||Monalisa|| 2004 ||Unmesh Basheer||[[Rajeev Alunkal]] ||Sandeep Chowdhary
|-
|Nee Manassakeyeki|| Monalisa ||2004||[[M. G. Sreekumar]]||[[Rajeev Alunkal]]|| Sandeep Chowdhary
|-
|Saagaram Mizhikalil|| Quotation ||2004 ||Sayanora ||Brajesh Ramachandran, Arun, Ambrose|| Sabish George
|-
|Arya Proud of Youth||''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]''|| 2006||[[Anwar Sadath]], Chorus||[[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]], [[Rajeev Alunkal]]||[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|Oru Penkidaavu (D)||[[Prajapathi]]|| 2006||[[Jassie Gift]], [[Sujatha Mohan]], Chorus||[[Gireesh Puthenchery]]|| Thej Mervin
|-
|Mast Mast||[[Chacko Randaaman]]|| 2006 ||Franco ||[[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]], Joffy Tharakan|| Sundar C Babu
|-
|Ethra Kaalam Naam (Sathyam Collections) ||[[Classmates (2006 film)]]|| 2006|| Franco, Renjini jose ||[[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]||[[Alex Paul]]
|-
|Changaathikkoottam Vannu ||[[Notebook (2006 film)]]||2006 ||[[Afsal]], [[Rimi Tomy]], [[Vidhu Prathap]]||[[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]||[[Mejo Joseph]]
|-
| Mazhayude Cherumani ||[[Notebook (2006 film)]]||2006 ||[[Afsal]], [[Rimi Tomy]], [[Vidhu Prathap]]||[[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]]||[[Mejo Joseph]]
|-
|[[Manohari (song)]]||[[Baahubali: The Beginning]] ||2015 ||[[Vijay Yesudas]]||[[Mankombu Gopalakrishnan]]||[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
|Kar raavin ||[[Pranayakalam]]||2007 ||Sayanora, Franco ||[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]||[[Ouseppachan]]
|-
| Mizhi malarukal ||[[Rani Padmini (film)|Rani Padmini]]||2015||Sayanora ||[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]||[[Bijibal]]
|-
| Aadivaram ||[[Jo and the Boy]]||2015|| Sayanora || ||Rahul Subramanian
|-
| O January ||[[Big B (film)]]||2007||Sayanora|| ||[[Alphons Joseph]]
|-
| Athiradee||[[Sivaji (film)]]||2007||[[A. R. Rahman]]|| ||[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|"Kattil Mel Adithadia" || ''[[Agam Puram]]'' || 2010 || Sayanora, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]] || V. Elango || [[Sundar C. Babu]]
|-
|Kannil Kannil||[[Comrade in America]]||2017||[[Haricharan]]||[[Rafeeq Ahamed]]||[[Gopi Sunder]]
|-
|Unarukayano||[[Udaharanam Sujatha]]||2017||Sayanora|| BK Harinarayanan ||[[Gopi Sunder]]
|-
|Nee Njangada||[[Udaharanam Sujatha]]||2017||[[V. Suresh Thampanoor]], [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]], [[Divya S. Menon]], [[Rajalakshmy]]|| Santosh varma||[[Gopi Sundar]]
|-
|}

===Tamil songs===

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Film
! Song(s) || Musician|| Singer || Lyrics
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Madhurey]]''
| "Ice Katti Ice Katti" || [[Vidyasagar_(composer)|Vidyasagar]]|| [[Karthik_(singer)| Karthik]] || [[Pa. Vijay]]
|-
| 2007 || [[Sivaji: The Boss|''Sivaji: The Boss'']]
| "Athiradee" || colspan="2" |[[A. R. Rahman]]|| [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
|2008
|''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]''
|"Thikku Thikku"
| rowspan="4" |[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Benny Dayal]]
| rowspan="2" |Pa. Vijay
|-
| 2009 || [[Ayan (film)|''Ayan'']]
| "Honey Honey" || [[Devan Ekambaram]]
|-
|2011
|''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]''
|"Gala Gala"
|[[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]] & [[Haricharan]]
|[[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
|-
|2012
|''[[Thuppakki]]''
|"Alaikka Laikka"
|[[Javed Ali]] & Sharmila
|Pa. Vijay
|-
|}

===As music composer===

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Film || Year
|-
| [[Kuttanpillayude Sivarathri]] || 2018
|-
| [[Aaha (2021 film)|Aaha]]
|| 2021
|-
|}

===Albums/singles===

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Song(s) || Album || Year || Singer || Lyrics || Musician
|-
| Uyire || Single || 2016 || Sayanora Philip || Sayanora Philip ||Sayanora Philip
|-
| Bhula Diya || Single || 2018 ||Sayanora Philip, Rayshad Rauf|| Zan Hussain ||Sreejith Pillai
|-
|Sarvam Saha... Vendayini
|Single
|2022
|Sayanora Philip, Indulekha Warrier
|Vaisakh Sugunan, Sayanora Philip
|Sayanora Philip
|-
|Aare Jiyare
|Single
|2023
|Sayanora Philip, Rap Kid India
|Aditya Garg, Rap Kid India
|Sayanora Philip & Varkey
|}

== <big>Awards</big> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Dubbing
!Year
!Award
!Film
!For
!Ref
|-
|2024
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Dubbing Artist|Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Barroz 3D|Barroz]]
|Joshua Okesalako
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/03/kerala-state-film-awards-2025-list-of-winners-live.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2025: Mammootty Best Actor, Shamla Hamza Best Actress, 'Manjummel Boys' is Best Film|website=Onmanorama}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://sayanoraphilip.com/ Official website]
* {{IMDb name|2152653}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023014624/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Sound-Track/2015/04/20/article2772506.ece The new indian express article]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/singer-sayanora-denies-proposing-to-husband/articleshow/46998842.cms Times of india article of sayanora's wedding]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philip, Sayanora}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kannur]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Kannur University alumni]]

Rabb Se Hai Dua

2026-05-08T01:36:06Z

AhmadFosbery49: article

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Cleanup|reason=Entire cast list is overly detailed outside of MOS|date=March 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Rabb Se Hai Dua.jpg
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = [[Prateek Sharma]]
| creative_director = [[Avhiroop Mazzumdar]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]]|[[Karanvir Sharma]]}}[[Richa Rathore]] [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] [[Yesha Rughani]] Seerat Kapoor
| open_theme = "Rabb Se Hai Dua"
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi Urdu
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 683
| director = Ranjeet Gupta
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Prateek Sharma]]
| writer = Sameer Siddiqui
| runtime = 20-24 minutes
| company = Studio LSD Private Limited
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|11|28}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2024|12|02}}
}}

'''''Rabb Se Hai Dua''''' ({{Translation|My Prayer to God}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language drama television series that premiered on 28 November 2022 on [[Zee TV]] and is digitally available on [[ZEE5]]. Produced by [[Prateek Sharma]] under LSD Films Private Limited, it formerly starred [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]], [[Karanvir Sharma]] and [[Richa Rathore]]. From February 2024 to December 2024, it starred [[Yesha Rughani]], [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] and [[Seerat Kapoor]] as the second generation leads.

== Plot ==
Haider Akhtar is a wealthy businessman who is married to Dua, a kind woman. Their lives take a turn when they meet an outspoken woman, Ghazal, who befriends Dua but is at loggerheads with Haider. Haider and Dua offer shelter to Ghazal in their own house after her house gets destroyed by an earthquake. Haider befriends Ghazal too. Ghazal falls in love with Haider but tries to forget him for Dua's sake. Haider's stepmother, Gulnaaz, instigates Ghazal and reveals to her how Haider's mother, Hina, had caused Ghazal's mother's death years ago. Before dying of cancer, Ghazal's father had proposed Haider and Ghazal's marriage but Hina had declined as Dua was already engaged to Haider at that time. Ghazal turns vengeful and pretends to have forgiven Hina but vows revenge.

When Dua discovers Ghazal's grudge against Hina, she attempts to evict her from the house. Ghazal lies to Gulnaaz's son, Ruhaan, who was in love with her, that she loves him too and Hina fixes their alliance. Gulnaaz turns against Ghazal. Ghazal creates circumstances and manipulates Ruhaan into believing that she and Haider are having an affair. Thus, Ruhaan runs away on the wedding day with Dua's help. Ghazal gets Ruhaan abducted by her cousin, Ejaz. Dua is blamed for Ruhaan's escape. Ghazal reveals to Haider that Hina was responsible for her parents' death and pretends to commit suicide if he doesn't marry her.

Feeling guilty for Hina and Ruhaan's actions, Haider ends up marrying Ghazal. Everyone in the house refuses to accept Ghazal, except Hina who turns against Dua. Dua, motivated by her mother Hamida, turns bold and rebellious, refusing to perform her duties as a daughter-in-law and a wife. Ruhaan is rescued and brought back home, but he believes Dua and Haider to be his enemies. Later, Ruhaan learns about Ghazal's schemes and reconciles with Dua. Ghazal is finally exposed but she pushes Hina off the balcony, causing her to loose her memory. Ghazal uses Haider's sperm samples and gets pregnant via IVF. Once Hina recovers her memories, the Akhtar family lodge a police complaint against Ghazal. Still on the run from the police, Ghazal goes into hiding, thus concealing her pregnancy from everyone. Dua is also revealed to be pregnant.

Six months later, Kaynaat, Haider's sister, gives birth to her son, Subhaan. Dua's baby shower ceremony is interrupted by Ghazal who reveals her pregnancy and demands her rights. Dua allows Ghazal to stay in a warehouse under surveillance, near the Akhtar mansion. Kaynaat's hatred grows against Ghazal and her unborn child as she considers it as a threat to her family. Kaynaat is ousted from the house by Dua after she abducts Ghazal. With Dua’s help, Ghazal delivers a baby girl, Ibaadat.

Shortly, thereafter Dua too delivers a baby girl, Mannat. Realizing that she won't be able to live happily with Haider ever, Ghazal jumps down from the cliff, pulling Haider along with her, resulting in both of their deaths. Kaynaat blames Dua for Haider's death as she had previously ignored her warning to oust Ghazal from the house. Soon, Kaynaat is forced to shift to London with her family after she tried to kill Ibaadat again and vowed revenge on Dua.

=== After 22 years ===
Unwitting half-sisters, Ibaadat and Mannat are now grown up and share a strong sisterly bond, believing themselves to be twins. Ibaadat values her family the most and has turned out to be simple, confident and sweet. Mannat is spoiled, self-obsessed and over-pampered by the family. Dua is indifferent towards Ibaadat, who craves for Dua’s love since childhood. The family still despises Ibaadat while the only one to support her is Hamida. Ibaadat and Mannat goes to court and fights for the right of Muslim women who are victims of marital violence and their spouses marrying more than one wife according to the laws of Islam and they are appealing to the court to correct the injustice against women. Meanwhile, Subhan under the pen name of SS(secret superstar) becomes a superstar. Kaynaat returns to India with her family. Ibaadat has been writing emails to Subhaan all these years, under the name of Mannat, so that Subhaan doesn't get upset. In the present, Subhaan confesses his love for Mannat, thinking she was the one who wrote emails to him, and proposes her.

When Ibaadat risks her life to save a drunk Mannat from getting molested by her lover Farhaan, Dua accepts Ibaadat as her daughter and apologizes to her for not giving affection to her all these years. Gulnaaz and her grandchildren instigate Mannat against Ibaadat, making her believe that Farhaan was innocent and that Ibaadat wants to separate her from Farhaan. Mannat agrees to marry Subhaan. To seek revenge, Mannat conspires and creates circumstances which make it look like Ibaadat wants to steal Subhaan from her. Thus, Ibaadat receives backlash from Hina and Kaynaat. On the wedding day, Mannat runs away with Farhaan, leaving Subhaan at the altar. Ibaadat and Subhaan get married at Dua's behest while Mannat returns after receiving mistreatment from Farhaan.

A vengeful Subhaan pretends to romance Ibaadat to make Mannat jealous. Ibaadat reveals to Subhaan that she was the one who wrote emails to but he feels betrayed because she lied to him all these years. Mannat decides to snatch Subhaan from Ibaadat, after Kaynaat reveals to her the story of Dua-Haider-Ghazal and that Ibaadat is Ghazal's daughter. Mannat and Farhaan manipulate Subhaan into believing that Ibaadat had pre-planned everything with Farhaan, thus making Ibaadat evil in Subhaan's eyes. Subhaan begins hating Ibaadat and starts an affair with Mannat. Ibaadat discovers their affair and feels betrayed. With Dua and Hamida's support, Ibaadat turns outspoken and bold and stops Mannat and Subhaan's wedding. A furious Mannat reveals to Ibaadat that her real mother is actually Ghazal, leaving Ibaadat shattered. Subhaan pretends to be remorseful for his deeds infront of Ibaadat but actually plots with Mannat to gather evidence against her to divorce her.

When Mannat defames Ibaadat's character in court, an enraged Subhaan slaps her and refuses to divorce Ibaadat. Ghazal is revealed to be alive and has returned after 22 years, to seek revenge on Dua and protect her daughter Ibaadat. Mannat tries to kill Ibaadat and Subhaan breaks up with Mannat. Subhaan and Ibaadat confess their love and reunite. Angered by Mannat's attempt to kill Ibaadat, Ghazal frames Mannat for Farhaan's murder as revenge. Ibaadat, Mannat and Subhaan make Ghazal confess to killing Farhaan and framing Mannat. Ghazal tries to shoot Dua, but Mannat takes the bullet. Ghazal is arrested by the police. Mannat recovers, turns over a new leaf and unites Subhaan and Ibaadat. Kaynaat accepts Ibaadat as her daughter-in-law. Ibaadat is revealed to be pregnant with Subhaan's child and the family rejoices. The show ends on a happy note.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]] as Dua Siddiqui Akhtar: Hamida and Ibrahim's daughter; Haider's first wife; Mannat's mother; Ibaadat's step-mother (2022–2024)
** Raymon Singh as old Dua (2024)
* [[Richa Rathore]] as Ghazal Rehmani Akhtar: Saqib and Mariam's daughter; Haider's second wife; Ibaadat's mother; Mannat's step-mother (2022–2024)
** [[Manini De]] as old Ghazal (2024)
* [[Karanvir Sharma]] as Haider Akhtar: Hina and Rahat's son; Dua and Ghazal's husband; Ibaadat and Mannat's father (2022–2024) (Dead)
* [[Yesha Rughani]] as Ibaadat "Ibbu" Akhtar Siddiqui: Haider and Ghazal's daughter; Dua's step-daughter; Mannat's half-sister; Subhaan's wife (2024)
* [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] as Subhaan "SS" Siddiqui: Hafeez and Kaynaat's elder son; Sufiyaan's brother; Mannat's ex-fiancé; Ibaadat's husband (2024)
* [[Seerat Kapoor (actress)|Seerat Kapoor]] as Mannat "Mannu" Akhtar: Haider and Dua's daughter; Ghazal's step-daughter; Ibaadat's half-sister; Subhaan's ex-fiancée (2024)

===Recurring ===
* [[Sandeep Rajora]] / Mandeep Kumar Azad as Rahat Akhtar: Zeenat's son; Hina and Gulnaaz's husband; Haider, Kaynaat, Ruhaan and Noor's father (2022–2023) / (2023–2024)
* [[Nishigandha Wad]] as Hina Akhtar: Rahat's first wife; Haider and Kaynaat's mother (2022–2024)
* Melanie Nazareth as Gulnaaz Akhtar: Rahat's second wife; Ruhaan and Noor's mother (2022–2024)
* [[Ankit Raizada]] as Ruhaan Akhtar: Gulnaaz and Rahat's son; Armaan and Nigaar's father (2022–2024)
* Simran Upadhyay / Shreya Jain as Noor Akhtar: Rahat and Gulnaaz's daughter; Ruhaan's sister (2022–2023) / (2023–2024)
* Mandeep Bamra as Armaan Akhtar: Ruhaan and Zoya's son; Nigaar's brother (2024)
* Riya Verma as Nigaar Akhtar: Ruhaan and Zoya's daughter; Armaan's sister (2024)
* [[Alka Kaushal]] as Hamida Siddiqui: Ibrahim's widow; Dua and Hafeez's mother (2023–2024)
* Lokit Phulwani as Hafeez Siddiqui: Ibrahim and Hamida's son; Kaynaat's husband; Subhaan and Sufiyaan's father (2023–2024)
* Saarvie Omana as Kaynaat Akhtar Siddiqui: Hina and Rahat's daughter; Hafeez's wife; Subhaan and Sufiyaan's mother (2022–2024)
** [[Amrapali Gupta]] as old Kaynaat (2024)
* Tanish Mahendru as Sufiyaan Siddiqui: Hafeez and Kaynaat's younger son; Subhaan's brother (2024)
* [[Sheela Sharma]] as Zeenat "Dadi Ammi" Akhtar: The [[Matriarch]] of Akhtar Family: Rahat's mother (2022–2024)
* Gultesham Khan as Ejaz Khan: Ghazal's foster brother (2023–2024)
* Manuj Nagpal as Iqbal: A goon after Ghazal (2022)
* Sachin Sharma as Ravi Sharma: Haider's manager and brother-figure (2022–2024)
* Sweetu Panjwani as Dr. Kashaf: Ghazal's accomplice and daughter-figure; Sufiyaan's ex-girlfriend (2024)
* Ray Parihar as Farhaan: Mannat's ex–boyfriend (2024) (Dead)
* Shalu Shreya as Mumtaz Sheikh: A former maid in the Akhtar household (2022–2023)
* Farhan Qureshi as Aarav Malhotra: A fashion designer (2023)
* Simmi Dixit as Inspector Manisha Jatt (2023–2024)
* Ahmad Harhash as Raj Sheikh: Mumtaz’s brother (2022-2023)

==Production==
===Development===
The series is produced by [[Prateek Sharma]] under the banner of LSD Films Private Limited. It is [[Zee TV]]'s fourth show with an Islamic background after ''[[Qubool Hai]],'' ''[[Ishq Subhan Allah]]'' and ''[[Qurbaan Hua]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan/entertainment/katha-bhediya-and-many-new-tv-serials-telecast-soon-on-tv/1420152/amp |title=From Katha Ankahee to Rabb Se Hai Dua; check out the interesting lineup of upcoming Hindi shows |access-date=1 November 2022 |work= Zee News}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Karanvir Sharma]] was cast to portray the male lead Haider, marking his return after ''[[Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani]]''.<ref name="KS">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-after-shaurya-aur-anokhi-ki-kahani-karanvir-sharma-bags-a-new-tv-show/articleshow/94967245.cms |title=Exclusive! After Shaurya Aur Anokhi Ki Kahani, Karanvir Sharma bags a new TV Show with Aalisha Panwar|access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Times of India|date=19 October 2022 }}</ref> It was reported that [[Aalisha Panwar]]<ref name="KS" /> would be the lead, but [[Aditi Sharma (actress, born 1996)|Aditi Sharma]] was cast as the female lead Dua, marking her television comeback after ''[[Yehh Jadu Hai Jinn Ka!]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-aditi-sharma-and-karanvir-sharma-to-play-the-lead-couple-in-rabb-se-hai-dua/articleshow/95162955.cms |title=Exclusive! Aditi Sharma and Karanvir Sharma to play the lead couple in Rabb Se Hai Dua |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=Times of India|date=31 October 2022 }}</ref> News were that [[Aalisha Panwar]] or [[Roopal Tyagi]] will be play the parallel lead Ghazal, but finally [[Richa Rathore]] was cast to portray Ghazal opposite [[Karanvir Sharma]], marking her comeback after [[Aapki Nazron Ne Samjha]].<ref name="RSHD">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/rabb-se-hai-duas-richa-rathore-i-wanted-to-play-the-role-of-a-muslim-girl-and-my-wish-is-fulfilled/videoshow/95586688.cms |title=Rabb Se Hai Dua's Richa Rathore: I wanted to play the role of a Muslim girl and my wish is fulfilled |access-date=17 November 2022 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/rabb-se-hai-dua/0-6-4z5247981 ''Rabb Se Hai Dua''] on [[ZEE5]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

Prakasam. R.

2026-05-06T13:42:33Z

AhmadFosbery49: done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1982)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''Prakasam. R.''' (born 1982) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakasam.R, POONAMALLEE (SC) constituency, TVK, Tamilnadu Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Tamilnadu2026/prakasam-r-1036/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Poonamallee Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Thiruvallur district]] representing [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu election results 2026: Full list of winners |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-2026-results-full-list-of-winners/article70908112.ece |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Prakasam is from [[Poonamallee]], Tamil Nadu. He is the son of Raja. He studied at Government Higher School, Manavalanagar, Thiruvallur and passed the SSLC (Class 10) examinations in March 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakasam.R(Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam):Constituency- POONAMALLEE (SC)(THIRUVALLUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/TamilNadu2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1036 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Prakasam became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Poonamallee Assembly constituency]] representing Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam. He polled 1,61,309 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[A. Krishnaswamy]] of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 72,740 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Poonamallee election results 2026: TVK’s Prakasam wins by 72,740 votes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/news/poonamallee-election-results-2026/articleshow/130576124.cms |access-date=2026-05-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Poonamallee Election Result 2026 LIVE Updates: Tamil Nadu (Poonamallee) Assembly Election Results 2026 Winner, Vote Counting, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/poonamallee-election-result-live-updates-tamil-nadu-assembly-election-results-winner-10669666/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2026 |title=Poonamallee election result LIVE: Prakasam R of TVK wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/poonamallee-tamil-nadu-assembly-2026-winner-live-updates-highlights-exaxt-en-liveblog-10072023.html |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=News18}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakasam, R.}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2026–2031]]

Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University

2026-05-06T07:14:15Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Initial Entry V1...

{{Infobox university
|name = Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University
|native_name =
|motto = ज्ञानं परमं ध्येयम्
|established = {{start date and age|2023}}
|image =
|caption = Logo of SSCTU
|type = [[Central University, India|Central]] [[Tribal university]]
|latd =
|longd =
|chancellor = [[Not appointed]]
|vice_chancellor = Y. L. Srinivas
|rector = [[Governor of Telangana]]
|head_label = [[Visitor]]
|head = [[President of India]]
|city = [[Mulugu]], [[Telangana]]
|country = [[India]]
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|doctoral =
|campus = Suburban
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| free_label1 = Acronym
| free1 = SSCTU
| website = {{URL|https://ssctu.ac.in/}}
}}
'''Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University (SSCTU)''' is a public central university.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-08 |title=Sammakka-Sarakka Central Tribal University temporary campus inaugurated in Mulugu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/incoming/sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university-temporary-campus-inaugurated-in-mulugu/article67929540.ece |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Choubay |first=Krishna Kumar |date=2024-03-11 |title=Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University Invites Applications For Its First BA Batches |url=https://news.abplive.com/education/sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university-mulugu-telangana-invites-applications-for-its-first-4-year-ba-batch-cuet-ug-1671194 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> It was established in [[Mulugu]], [[Telangana]], India by the Act of Parliament- Act 36 of 2023 by an amendment to the Central Universities Act, 2009.

== History ==
On 7 December 2023, the Bill was passed by the [[Lok Sabha]]. This university offers graduate and post graduate level programs. The Telangana State Government has allocated 335.04 acres of land for this university and allocated a fund of Rs. 900 crores. Until the construction of a permanent campus for this university is completed, the university will operate from the Youth Training Institute campus located in Jakaram village near the Mulugu district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2025-03-11 |title=Telangana: Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University gets its first Vice-Chancellor |url=https://telanganatoday.com/telangana-sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university-gets-its-first-vice-chancellor |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

The university will offer graduate, postgraduate and doctoral level programmes. The university has been named “Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University” on the Mother and Daughter deities of Tribes of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University to be established in Telangana: RS passes Bill - ET Government |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/education/sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university-to-be-established-in-telangana-rs-passes-bill/105994930 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref>

Y. L. Srinivas has been appointed as the first Vice-Chancellor of Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University on 11 March 2025.<ref name="YL Srinivas is the V-C of Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=YL Srinivas is the V-C of Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/yl-srinivas-is-the-v-c-of-sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university/article69318325.ece |access-date=13 March 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=11 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313102614/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/yl-srinivas-is-the-v-c-of-sammakka-sarakka-central-tribal-university/article69318325.ece |archive-date=13 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Universities in Telangana]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2023]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Telangana]]

Hakim Khan Suri

2026-05-04T02:18:36Z

AhmadFosbery49: New a details

{{Short description|Afghan commander in the Battle of Haldighati (d. 1576)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Hakim Khan Suri
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 16th century
| birth_place = Delhi (attributed)
| death_date = 18 June 1576
| death_place = [[Haldighati]], [[Kingdom of Mewar]] (present-day [[Rajasthan]], India)
| burial_place = Khamnor/Rakht Talai, near Haldighati
| allegiance = [[Kingdom of Mewar]]
| branch = Afghan contingent in Mewar service
| service_years = fl. 1576
| rank = Commander
| commands = Vanguard of Maharana Pratap’s army
| battles = [[Battle of Haldighati]] {{KIA}}
| relations = Associated with the [[Sur dynasty]]
| known_for = Participation in the Mughal–Mewar conflict (1576)
}}

'''Hakim Khan Suri''' (died 18 June 1576) was a military commander associated with the [[Sur dynasty]] who fought on the side of [[Maharana Pratap]] of [[Mewar]] against the [[Mughal Empire]]. He commanded an Afghan contingent in the vanguard of Pratap’s forces during the [[Battle of Haldighati]], fought on 18 June 1576 in the Aravalli region of present-day [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="hooja">{{cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |title=A History of Rajasthan |publisher=Rupa |year=2006 |isbn=9788129118202 |pages=441–444}}</ref>

The battle took place after diplomatic efforts by Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] to secure Pratap’s submission failed, leading to a military confrontation between the Mughal army under [[Man Singh I]] of Amber and the forces of Mewar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Haldighati – GKToday |url=https://www.gktoday.in/battle-of-haldighati/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.gktoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prelude to the Battle of Haldighati |url=https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/battle-of-haldighati-1576/ |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref> Although the Mughals secured the battlefield, [[Maharana Pratap]] continued his resistance through guerrilla warfare. Hakim Khan Suri was killed in the fighting and is remembered in regional tradition as a commander who fought alongside Pratap.<ref name="vajiram">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-14 |title=Battle of Haldighati 1576, Background, Causes, Outcome |url=https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/battle-of-haldighati/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="toi2017">{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Shoeb |date=29 May 2017 |title=Afghan commander who laid down his life for Maharana Pratap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/afghan-commander-who-laid-down-his-life-for-maharana/articleshow/58885412.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="hooja"/>

==Early life and background==
Hakim Khan Suri’s early life are poorly documented in contemporary primary sources.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Amrita |title=Journeys Through Rajasthan |publisher=Rupa |year=2012 |isbn=9788129123275}}</ref> Later regional histories and modern secondary works describe him as an Afghan (Pathan) commander associated with remnants of the [[Sur dynasty]] that had opposed Mughal expansion after the mid-16th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |title=Military History of India |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1960}}</ref>

==Role in Mewar and the Battle of Haldighati==
In the campaign of 1576, Hakim Khan Suri entered the service of [[Maharana Pratap]] and is recorded in historical accounts as leading the Afghan/Pathan contingent in the vanguard of Pratap's forces at [[Haldighati]].<ref name="vajiram"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals (1526–1748) |publisher=Har-Anand |year=2007 |page=123}}</ref>

Modern historians identify Hakim Khan as a leading commander on the Mewar side and note that he was killed during the fighting on or about 18 June 1576.<ref name="sharma1954">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=G.N. |title=Mewar and the Mughal Emperors |publisher=Rajasthan Vidyapeeth |year=1954}}</ref>

==Death and immediate aftermath==
Hakim Khan Suri was killed in the [[Battle of Haldighati]] on 18 June 1576 while leading his contingent against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces.<ref name="sharma1954"/> Khan was beheaded during the fighting, and his head was buried at Khamnor, while his body was interred at Rakhtalai, both near the [[battlefield]] at [[Haldighati]], where memorial sites have been noted and visited by locals.<ref name="sharma1954"/> These sites attract visitors during annual commemorations such as Maharana Pratap’s anniversary and [[Martyrs' Day (India)|Shaheedi Divas]], when floral tributes are offered at his grave.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Sachin Kumar |date=28 Jul 2021 |title=Haldighati: Maharana Pratap’s commander Hakim Khan Suri’s tomb vandalised, repaired by locals |url=https://www.jagran.com/rajasthan/jaipur-anti-social-elements-vandalized-tomb-of-hakim-khan-suri-21872650.html |work=Jagran}}</ref>

Some regional histories describe Hakim Khan Suri as an Afghan Pathan commander ([[Senapati]]) in [[Maharana Pratap]]’s army, highlighting that the conflict was between invaders and defenders of Mewar rather than along religious lines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=Hakim Khan Suri{{!}} Pathan Who Sacrificed His Life For Maharana Pratap {{!}} Mpositive.in |url=https://www.mpositive.in/hakim-khan-suri-pathan-who-sacrificed-his-life-for-maharana-pratap/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Hakim Khan Suri is remembered in Mewar’s regional memory as a commander who fought for [[Maharana Pratap]]. A memorial near Haldighati is associated with him and is visited during commemorative observances.<ref>{{cite news |title=Highway to Haldighati: Where Chetak's leap meets truck's roar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/highway-to-haldighati-where-chetaks-leap-meets-trucks-roar/articleshow/125953786.cms}}</ref>

The Maharana Mewar Foundation has instituted a ''Hakim Khan Sur Award'' as part of its honours programme drawing upon Mewar’s historical figures.<ref>{{cite book |last=Meininger |first=Irmgard |title=The Kingdom of Mewar: Great Struggles and Glory of the World's Oldest Ruling Dynasty |publisher=D.K. Printworld |year=2000 |isbn=9788124601440 |page=73}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* He was portrayed by [[Nirbhay Wadhwa]] in the television series ''[[Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap]]'' (2013–2015).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suri, Hakim Khan}}
[[Category:Maharana Pratap]]
[[Category:16th-century Afghan people]]
[[Category:1576 deaths]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]

Kishtwar Airport

2026-05-02T12:15:13Z

AhmadFosbery49: New pg

{{Short description|Upcoming domestic airport in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Kishtwar Airport
| ensign =
| ensign_size =
| ensign_alt =
| nativename =
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image =
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| IATA =
| ICAO =
| FAA =
| TC =
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| type = Military/Public
| owner-oper =
| owner =
| operator =
| city-served = Kishtwar
| location = [[Kishtwar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| opened = 
| closed = 
| passenger_services_ceased = 
| hub =
| focus_city =
| built = 
| used = 
| commander = 
| occupants = 
| timezone =
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| summer =
| utcs =
| elevation-f = 5200
| elevation-m = 1585
| metric-elev =
| coordinates = {{coord|33|19|36|N|075|45|23|E|display=inline,title}}
| website = 
| image_map =
| image_mapsize =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the airport in Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_relief =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label = '''Kishtwar Airport'''
| pushpin_label_position =
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| stat-year =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kishtwar Airport''' {{airport codes||}} is a proposed regional airport located about 3 kilometres north of [[Kishtwar]] near [[Chowgan (Kishtwar)|Chowgan Ground]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]].<ref name=TD1>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedispatch.in/construction-works-of-airstrip-at-kishtwar-to-begin-soon/ |title=Construction works of airstrip at Kishtwar to begin soon |work=[[The Dispatch (Jammu and Kashmir)|The Dispatch]] |date=30 May 2020 |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924161345/https://www.thedispatch.in/construction-works-of-airstrip-at-kishtwar-to-begin-soon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==

Starting from 2018, the military airstrip was upgraded for joint use by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1516892 |title=Kishtwar in J&K to get full-fledged Airport |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=16 January 2018 |access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
Kishtwar is proposed to receive enhanced air connectivity through the development of an upgraded airstrip under the Government of India’s UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme. The existing airstrip, currently measuring approximately 900 metres in length, is planned to be extended to around 1,500 metres to facilitate regular air transport operations. As part of the expansion, about 300 metres of additional land has already been acquired, while the remaining required land is expected to be acquired by the authorities in due course. Officials from the Airports Authority of India have conducted site inspections on multiple occasions. According to various reports, preliminary work on the project is anticipated to commence within the year, subject to administrative approvals and land acquisition processes.The Government has acquired land in Pochhal, Matta and Kishtwar villages.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://jkrevenue.nic.in/pdf/notifications/6-notification27.pdf |title= Notification No. 195 |work=Revenue Department, Govt. of J&K |date=19 April 2017 |access-date=2 June 2020 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
|title=Dr Jitendra Singh announces seismological observatory in Kishtwar, Doppler radar for Doda
|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/dr-jitendra-singh-announces-seismological-observatory-in-kishtwar-doppler-radar-for-doda-1503578901.html
|publisher=The Statesman
|date=7 April 2026
|access-date=2 May 2026
}}</ref>

==Military aviation==
The [[Indian Army]] operates a helipad at this site to carry out helicopter operations to far-off areas of Doda and Kishtwar districts.<ref name=TD1/>

==Civil aviation enclave ==

The airstrip has been included in the [[UDAN]] scheme,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final%20Regional%20Connectivity%20Scheme%20%28RCS%29.pdf |title=Regional Connectivity Scheme |work=Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226071847/https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final%20Regional%20Connectivity%20Scheme%20(RCS).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> launched by the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] and is expected to help the promotion of tourism in the region.<ref name=TD1/>

==See also==

* [[List of airports in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Airports in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

{{India-airport-stub}}

Tala taluka

2026-05-01T17:23:41Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Initial Article W/ Infobox...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}

'''Tala taluka''' is a [[taluka]] in [[Raigad district]] of Maharashtra an Indian state.<ref name="Prahar-20141127">{{cite news|url=http://prahaar.in/prahaarhelpline/269444|title=महाराष्ट्रातील सर्व तालुके - महाराष्ट्रातील सर्व जिल्ह्यांतील तालुके महसुली विभागांनिहाय जाणून घ्या.|date=2014-11-27|work=Prahar|access-date=2015-08-15|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032645/http://prahaar.in/prahaarhelpline/269444|archive-date=22 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="RaigadDistrictCollectorate-20150815">{{cite web|url=http://raigad.nic.in/htmldocs/sub_division1.htm|title=Details of Sub-Divisions, Tahasils, Villages, Circles and Sazzas in Raigad district|publisher=Raigad District Collectorate|access-date=15 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614080045/http://raigad.nic.in/htmldocs/sub_division1.htm|archive-date=14 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Raigad district==
As of August 2015, there were 8 sub-divisions, 15 talukas, 1970 villages, 60 revenue circles and 350 sazzas in Raigad district. The talukas being [[Alibag taluka|Alibag]], [[Karjat taluka, Raigad|Karjat]], [[Khalapur taluka|Khalapur]], [[Mahad taluka|Mahad]], [[Mangaon taluka|Mangaon]], [[Mhasala taluka|Mhasala]], [[Murud taluka|Murud]], [[Panvel taluka|Panvel]], [[Pen taluka|Pen]], [[Poladpur taluka|Poladpur]], [[Roha taluka|Roha]], [[Shrivardhan taluka|Shrivardhan]], [[Sudhagad - Pali taluka|Sudhagad Pali]], Tala and [[Uran taluka|Uran]].<ref name="RaigadDistrictCollectorate-20150815" />

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Tala taluk (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.04}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|mediumblue|10.75}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|5.89}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.32}}
}}

Tala taluka has a population of 40,619 according to the 2011 census. Tala had a literacy rate of 75.74% and a sex ratio of 1111 females per 1000 males. 4,225 (10.40%) are under 7 years of age. The entire population lives in rural areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 8.24% and 11.30% of the population respectively.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Raigad |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/822/download/36165/DH_2011_2724_PART_A_DCHB_RAIGARH.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Tala taluk (2011)<ref name="langs" />
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 92.06 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 5.41 |color2 = green
|label3 = 'Other' Marathi |value3 = 1.44 |color3 = tomato
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.09 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 92.06% of the population in the taluka spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and 5.41% [[Urdu]] as their first language. 1.44% of the population recorded their language as 'Others' under Marathi.<ref name="langs">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10212/download/13324/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Raigad district}}

[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Talukas in Raigad district]]

Dileepan

2026-05-01T14:54:11Z

AhmadFosbery49: new entry...

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dileepan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Dileepan
| birth_date = 12 October 1979
| birth_place = [[Madras]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| spouse =
| relatives = [[A. R. Murugadoss]] (brother)
| yearsactive = 2013-present
}}

'''Dileepan''' is an Indian actor, working in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film industry. He made his film debut with the 2013 film, ''[[Vathikuchi]]''.

== Personal life ==
He is a cousin of film director [[A. R. Murugadoss]].<ref name="Murugadoss' brother debuts as an actor">{{cite news |title=Murugadoss' brother debuts as an actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Murugadoss-brother-debuts-as-an-actor/articleshow/12593431.cms |access-date=15 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=15 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515095105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/murugadoss-brother-debuts-as-an-actor/articleshow/12593431.cms |archive-date=15 May 2025}}</ref>

== Career==
Dileepan made his debut as the protagonist in his cousin's production film, ''[[Vathikuchi]]'' (2013), opposite [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Murugadoss-brother-debuts-as-an-actor/articleshow/12593431.cms|title=Murugadoss's brother debuts as an actor |website=Times of India|accessdate=11 November 2018}}</ref> The film, which revolves around an auto rickshaw driver who gets involved with gangsters and his life takes a turn for the worse, was released on 15 March 2013 to positive reviews from critics.

Dileepan achieved success in his next venture, ''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]'' (2018), directed by [[Pa. Ranjith]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dileepan-loses-weight-for-lead-roles/articleshow/66589677.cms|title=Dileepan loses weight for lead roles|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Dileepan portrayed the role of Rajinikanth's elder son Selvam, who joins his father Kaala in the crusade against land eviction in [[Dharavi]], Mumbai. ''Kaala'' to mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaala/movie-review/64485990.cms |title=Kaala review |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 June 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609001828/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaala/movie-review/64485990.cms |archive-date=9 June 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> His next film as a lead, ''[[Kuthoosi]]'' (2019), failed at the box office prompting Dileepan to take up supporting and minor roles in several films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kuthoosi/movie-review/67691268.cms|title=Kuthoosi Movie Review|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>

== Filmography==
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Vathikuchi]]'' || Sakthi || Nominated–[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Male Debutant]]<ref name="Vathikuchi: Where is the spark?">{{cite news |title=Vathikuchi: Where is the spark? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vathikuchi-where-is-the-spark/article4515816.ece |access-date=15 May 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=16 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515095406/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vathikuchi-where-is-the-spark/article4515816.ece |archive-date=15 May 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 ||''[[Nenjil Thunivirundhal]]''|| Durai Pandi's assistant ||
|-
|''[[C/o Surya]]''|| Sambasivudu's assistant || Telugu film
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]'' || Selvam ||<ref name="Dileepan loses weight for lead roles">{{cite news |title=Dileepan loses weight for lead roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dileepan-loses-weight-for-lead-roles/articleshow/66589677.cms |access-date=15 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=13 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515094741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dileepan-loses-weight-for-lead-roles/articleshow/66589677.cms |archive-date=15 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Dileepan plays Rajinikanth's son {{!}} Dileepan plays Rajinikanth's son">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Dileepan plays Rajinikanth's son {{!}} Dileepan plays Rajinikanth's son |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050717/dileepan-plays-rajinikanths-son.html |access-date=15 May 2025 |work=www.deccanchronicle.com |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515094749/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050717/dileepan-plays-rajinikanths-son.html |archive-date=15 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Kuthoosi]]'' || Vel ||<ref name="Kuthoosi to speak about organic farming">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Kuthoosi to speak about organic farming |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/Jan/23/kuthoosi-to-speak-about-organic-farming-9753.html |access-date=15 May 2025 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=23 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Lock Up (2020 film)|Lock Up]]'' || New Inspector || Cameo appearance
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Writer (film)|Writer]]'' || Arivazhagan ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022 || ''[[Aadhaar (2022 film)|Aadhaar]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Repeat Shoe]]'' || Dileepan ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023||''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]'' || Selvam ||
|-
| ''[[800 (film)|800]]'' || Manohar ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2024 || ''[[Election (2024 film)|Election]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Raayan]]''|| Guru ||
|-
|''[[The Greatest of All Time]]''|| Dhilip ||
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2025 || ''[[Ten Hours]]'' || Meiyappan ||
|-
| ''[[Eleven (2024 film)|Eleven]]''|| Manohar (Benjamin) ||Simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-19 |title=Eleven teaser: Naveen Chandran plays a baffled cop probing a series of clueless murders |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Jun/19/eleven-teaser-naveen-chandran-plays-a-baffled-cop-probing-a-series-of-clueless-murders |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Phoenix (2025 film)|Phoenix]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Bloody Sweet': Thalapathy Vijay Reviews Surya Sethupathi's Debut Film Phoenix |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamil-cinema/bloody-sweet-thalapathy-vijay-reviews-surya-sethupathis-debut-film-phoenix-9421138.html |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Coolie (2025 film)|Coolie]]'' || Saravanan ||
|-
|''Dawood'' || ||
|-
|''[[Indian Penal Law]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2026 || ''Granny'' || Sub Inspector V. Prathaban ||
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Platform
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|rowspan=1|2024 || ''[[Snakes and Ladders (2024 TV series)|Snakes and Ladders]]'' || || [[Amazon Prime Video]] ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5575042}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Orchestra Mysuru

2026-04-28T01:44:30Z

AhmadFosbery49: post - done

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language musical drama film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Orchestra Mysuru
| image = Orchestra Mysuru.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Sunil Mysuru
| writer =
| screenplay = Poornachandra Mysore Joseph K. Raja Mahadeva Prasad
| story = Sunil Naveen Sajju
| based_on = 
| producer = Ashwin Vijaykumar [[Raghu Dixit]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Poornachandra Mysore]]
*Rajalakshmi Murthy
*[[Dileep Raj]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Joseph K Raja Rahul Roy
| editing = Joseph K Raja
| music = Raghu Dixit
| studio = Ashwin Creations Raghu Dixit Productions
| distributor = [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Daali Pictures]] [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|1|12}}
| runtime = 174 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Orchestra Mysuru''''' ({{Translation|[[Mysore]] orchestra}}) is a 2023 Indian Kannada-language musical drama film directed by Sunil Mysuru and starring [[Poornachandra Mysore]], Rajalakshmi Murthy, and [[Dileep Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orchestra Mysuru will be a special film for me and my friends: Dhananjay |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jan/07/orchestra-mysuru-will-be-a-special-film-for-me-and-my-friends-dhananjay-2535393.html |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=2023-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605111153/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/jan/07/orchestra-mysuru-will-be-a-special-film-for-me-and-my-friends-dhananjay-2535393.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The music was composed by [[Raghu Dixit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/raghu-dixit-questions-keyboard-warriors-who-shout-for-the-kannada-language-and-kannada-cinema-post-orchestra-mysuru-poor-response/articleshow/97047464.cms|title=Raghu Dixit questions keyboard warriors who shout for the Kannada language and Kannada cinema post 'Orchestra Mysuru' poor response|date=17 January 2023|work=The Times of India|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=23 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123122020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/raghu-dixit-questions-keyboard-warriors-who-shout-for-the-kannada-language-and-kannada-cinema-post-orchestra-mysuru-poor-response/articleshow/97047464.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Poornachandra Mysore]] as Poorna
*Rajalakshmi Murthy as Shilpa
*[[Dileep Raj]] as Naveen Raju
*KJ Sachu
*Rajesh Basavanna
*Lingaraju
* Mahadeva
* Mahesh Kumar as Poorna's best friend
* Ravi Hunsur
*[[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]] as a shepard (cameo appearance)
*[[Raghu Dixit]] (cameo appearance)
}}

==Production==
The film began production under the title ''Orchestra'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/250517/talented-sir-from-mysuru.html|title=Talented sir, from Mysuru!|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Raghu Dixit]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Orchestra Mysuru (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/orchestra-mysuru-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1663809534| date= 2023 | website=[[Apple Music]] |access-date=5 July 2023 }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjaya]]
| title1 = Maadappa
| extra1 = [[Naveen Sajju]]
| length1 = 3:58
| title2 = Sangeeta Sagara
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]], Siddhartha Belmannu
| length2 = 5:08
| title3 = Sulla Chandira
| extra3 = Raghu Dixit
| length3 = 4:20
| title4 = Nadiyondu
| extra4 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| length4 = 4:26
| title5 = Arey Arey
| extra5 = Varun Ramachandra
| length5 = 3:30
| title6 = Idu Yeno Ondthara
| extra6 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| length6 = 4:56
| title7 = Dum Idre Hodi Nanna
| extra7 = Raghu Dixit
| length7 = 3:23
| title8 = Haaduve Naa Haaduve
| extra8 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| length8 = 6:52
| total_length = 36:33
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "'Orchestra Mysuru' is billed as 'Sankrantige ge ondu Kannada cinema' (A Kannada film on Sankranti). To the team's credit, the film is definitely watchable, compared to the other forgettable big festival releases. But the bigger victory for the makers will be when people show curiosity toward worthy films like these without stars".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/orchestra-mysuru-review-flaws-apart-a-good-enough-festive-gift-1180772.html|title='Orchestra Mysuru' review: Flaws apart, a good-enough festive gift|first=Vivek|last=M. V.|work=Deccan Herald|date=13 January 2023|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117065312/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/orchestra-mysuru-review-flaws-apart-a-good-enough-festive-gift-1180772.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Orchestra Mysuru is a heartfelt teamwork by Mysoreans and for Mysoreans. A feel-good piece of work, which has music as its backdrop creates a world that touches upon dreams and hard work".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/jan/14/orchestramysuru-movie-review-a-passionate-heartfelt-musical-by-mysoreans-2537621.html|title='Orchestra Mysuru' movie review: A passionate, heartfelt musical by Mysoreans|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 January 2023|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072402/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/jan/14/orchestramysuru-movie-review-a-passionate-heartfelt-musical-by-mysoreans-2537621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote that "There are several endearing moments in Orchestra, Mysuru! but most of them are left half-explored. Still, the film works to a good extent because it remains simple and self-aware throughout and most times, that's likely to suffice".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/orchestra-mysuru-review-solid-idea-buoyed-music-weighed-down-cliches-171874|title=Orchestra, Mysuru! review: A solid idea buoyed by music, weighed down by cliches|last=Shuklaji|work=The News Minute|date=12 January 2023|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=12 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112101626/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/orchestra-mysuru-review-solid-idea-buoyed-music-weighed-down-cliches-171874|url-status=live}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Overall, it is a fresh attempt by a new team and can be enjoyed in theatres".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/a-very-long-road-to-success/movie-review/96920746.cms?from=mdr|title=Orchestra Mysuru Movie Review : A very long road to success|date=12 January 2023|work=The Times of India|last=Basavarajaiah|first=Harish|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115015615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/a-very-long-road-to-success/movie-review/96920746.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "Director Sunil Mysuru must be appreciated for keeping the focus on the story. However, the running time (174 minutes) plays spoilsport as it can test audiences’ patience".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/orchestra-mysuru-movie-review-a-long-and-winding-tale/articleshow/96974328.cms|title=Orchestra Mysuru Movie Review: A long and winding tale|date=14 January 2023|work=Bangalore Mirror|first=Y. Maheswara|last=Reddy|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205181831/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/orchestra-mysuru-movie-review-a-long-and-winding-tale/articleshow/96974328.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[HT Media|OTT play]]'' wrote that "Unlike most other films, ''Orchestra, Mysuru!'' knows where its heart lies and that's a huge deal when it comes to a film".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/orchestra-mysuru-review-a-sincere-endearing-ode-that-could-have-afforded-a-few-more-risks/9c5a93619d590|title=Orchestra, Mysuru! review: A sincere, endearing ode that could have afforded a few more risks|work=OTT play|last=Kodur|first=Swaroop|date=11 January 2023|access-date=22 June 2023|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127085940/https://www.ottplay.com/review/orchestra-mysuru-review-a-sincere-endearing-ode-that-could-have-afforded-a-few-more-risks/9c5a93619d590|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|16964616}}

[[Category:2023 musical films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]

Umreth taluka

2026-04-25T03:11:13Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating New Info W/ Sources...

{{rewrite|date=January 2015}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Umreth
| native_name = ઉમરેઠ
| native_name_lang = gu
| other_name = Umapuri, Umrastra, Udumar, Umavati
| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7|N|73.12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anand district|Anand]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 47
| population_total = 33,762
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=547537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121707/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=547537 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |title=Census of India: Search Details}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 388220
| registration_plate =GJ23
| website = {{URL|gujaratindia.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Umreth''' (Gujarati: ઉમરેઠ) is a taluka and the administrative center of [[Anand district|Anand District]] in the state of [[Gujarat]], India. It is administered by Umreth Nagarpalika. It is part of the region known as [[Charotar]], located in [[Anand district|Anand]] and [[Kheda District|Kheda]] districts.

Umreth is also known as the Silk City of [[Charotar]]. It became famous for silk sarees and its Pol culture. It commonly looks like [[Harappa]] architecture. Umreth lines between [[Dwarka]], [[Nadiad]] and [[Dakor]] on the State Highway known as “PragatiPath”. It is connected with [[Baroda]], [[Anand Railway Station|Anand]], [[Nadiad]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Godhra]], [[Kapadvanj]], and [[Balasinor]] via roadway. The railway line is broad gauge connecting it to [[Godhra]], covering the [[Dakor]] route from [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]. You may Visit Blog Regarding Umreth By '''Vivek Doshi''' of Umreth.

Umreth has seen rapid economic growth along the Umreth-Dakor and Nadiad-Dakor road belt. Umreth has an own GIDC Estate, Mainly [[timber]] industries and Mamra ([[Puffed Rice]]) industries are well developed in Umreth. But still puffed rice industries need support from the government to stay viable.

==About Umreth Taluka==
Umreth is a [[Taluka]] in [[Anand District]] of Gujarat, India. It is located 22 km to the north of District headquarters [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]]. 78 km from [[State capital]] [[Gandhinagar]] to the north.

Umreth [[Taluka]] is bounded by [[Mahudha]] Taluka to the north, [[Nadiad]] Taluka to the west, Kathlal Taluka to the north, [[Thasra]] Taluka to the east. Umreth City, Nadiad City, [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]] City are the nearby cities to Umreth.

Umreth consists of 91 villages and 38 [[panchayats]]. It is at 44 m elevation. This place is in the border of the Anand District and [[Kheda]] District. Kheda District Mahudha is north towards this place.

[[Dakor]] is considered the most important pilgrimage nearby having grand temple of Lord Krishna and receives visitors in millions every year.

Anand, Kheda ([[Kheda|Kaira]]), [[Baroda]] ([[Vadodara]]), [[Pavagadh]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Dakor]] are the nearby important tourist destinations.

===List of villages in Umreth===
{{expand list|date=March 2016}}
* Ahima
* Ardi
* [[Ashipura]]
* [[Badapura]]
* Bajipura
* [[Bechari]]
* [[Bhalej]]
* [[Bharoda]]
* [[Bhatpura]]
* [[Dagjipura]]
*[[Dhuleta]]
* [[Fatepura]]
* [[Gangapura]]
* Ghora
* [[Hamidpura]]
* [[Jakhala]]
* [[Jitpura]]
* [[Khankhanpur]]
* [[Khankuva]]
* [[Khorwad]]
* [[Lingda]]
* [[Meghva-badapura]]
* [[Navapura]]
* [[Pansora]]
* Parvata
* [[Pratappura]]
* Ratanpura
* [[Saiyadpura]]
* [[Sadarpura]]
* [[Sundalpura]]
* [[Sureli]]
* [[Tajpura]]
* [[Thamna]]
* [[Untkhari]]
* [[VansolZala Bordi]]

==Geography==
Umreth is located at {{Coord|22.7|N|73.12|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Umreth.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Umreth]</ref> It has an average elevation of 47 [[metre]]s (154 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Umreth had a population of 32,191. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Umreth has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 63%. In Umreth, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Gujarati is the local language here. Also People Speaks Hindi. Total population of Umreth Taluka is 162,428 living in 30,250 Houses, Spread across total 91 villages and 38 panchayats. Males are 84,714 and females are 77,714; Total 32,191 persons live in town and 130,237 live rurally.

==Weather and climate==
It is too Hot in summer. Umreth summer temperature lies between 32 °C to 45 °C . Average temperatures of January is 20 °C, February is 23 °C, March is 28 °C, April is 32 °C, May is 36 °C .

==References==
{{Reflist}}3. Umreth own website : [Https://myumrerh.com Myumreth.com]
[[Category:Talukas of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Anand district]]

Trisha Shetty

2026-04-24T19:43:17Z

AhmadFosbery49:

{{Short description|Indian gender equality activist (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Trisha Shetty
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1990|9|16}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]] (now [[Mumbai]]), [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jai Hind College]] {{Small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}
* [[University of Mumbai]] {{Small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]])}}
* [[Columbia University]] {{Small|(Obama Scholar)}}
}}
| occupation = Lawyer, social activist
| organization = {{Plainlist|
* Founder and CEO, [[SheSays India]]
* President, Steering Committee, [[Paris Peace Forum]]
* Global Advisory Council, The Museum for the United Nations - UN Live
* Global Advisory Board, UNLEASH
* Health Commissioner, The Lancet-Chatham House Commission
}}
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[Vogue India]] Woman of the Year
* [[Forbes 30 Under 30]]
* [[Queen's Young Leader Award]]
* UN Young Leader for the Sustainable Development Goal
}}
}}

'''Trisha Shetty'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=ELLE India |title=Meet Trisha Shetty, whose NGO provides medical and legal support to rape survivors |url=http://elle.in/culture/trisha-shetty-ngo-medical-legal-rape-survivors/ |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=Elle India |language=en-US}}</ref> (born 16 September 1990) is an Indian activist for gender equality and the founder of [[SheSays India|SheSays]]. She is known for human rights advocacy, especially advocating for gender-sensitive policies<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/05/04/526760551/women-and-men-demand-an-end-to-indias-tax-on-sanitary-pads|title=Women (And Men) Demand An End To India's Tax On Sanitary Pads|website=NPR.org|date=4 May 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-05-25 |last1=Chhabra |first1=Esha }}</ref> and law, quality education, youth and gender representation and preventing sexual violence in India. Her work and advocacy has been recognised by the [[United Nations]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/video/trisha-shetty-young-leader-sdgs-keynote-address-ecosoc-youth-forum-2017/|title=Trisha Shetty, Young Leader for the SDGs, Keynote Address at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017|website=Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unfoundation.org/blog/post/meet-17-young-people-leading-the-way-on-the-sustainable-development-goals/|title=Meet 17 Young People Leading the Way on the Sustainable Development Goals|date=2016-10-04|website=unfoundation.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref> [[Barack Obama|President Obama]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Obama Foundation|title=President Obama Announces The Obama Foundation Summit|date=2017-09-13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEVJmtWi--Q&t=|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref> [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/aditya-kulkarni-trisha-shetty-deane-de-menezes-are-the-three-young-indians-queen-elizabeth-wants-to-meet|title=These are the three young Indians Queen Elizabeth II wants to meet|website=GQ India|date=11 December 2017 |language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref> and [[Emmanuel Macron|President Emmanuel Macron]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.ambafrance.org/Indian-influencers-from-Club-Young-Leaders-India-France-on-Paris-visit|title=Indian influencers from Club Young Leaders India-France on Paris visit|website=La France en Inde / France in India|language=en|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> She currently serves as the President of the Steering Committee<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parispeaceforum.org/place/trisha-shetty/|title=Trisha SHETTY - Paris Peace Forum|website=parispeaceforum.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref> of the [[Paris Peace Forum]], an international summit launched in 2018, under the leadership of [[Emmanuel Macron|President Macron]]; to promote good global governance. She is also part of the 8 member Global Leadership Advisory Council of the Museum for the United Nations - [[UN Live]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.unlivemuseum.org/|title=Global Leadership Council|access-date=2019-05-07|language=en}}</ref> alongside [[Ban Ki-moon]]; Former UN Secretary-General and [[Darren Walker]]; President, Ford Foundation. Shetty was named one of India's "7 Most Powerful Warriors" by India Today<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20181105-7-most-powerful-warriors-1376211-2018-10-26|title=7 most powerful warriors|website=India Today|date=26 October 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> and was one of the honourees of the [[Vogue India]] Woman of the Year Award.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/presenting-the-winners-vogue-women-of-the-year-2018/|title=Presenting the winners: Vogue Women Of The Year 2018|date=2018-10-28|website=VOGUE India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/meet-trisha-shetty-the-young-activist-fighting-for-equal-representation/|title=Meet Trisha Shetty, the young activist fighting for equal representation|date=2018-11-11|website=VOGUE India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> She was also inducted as one of the 12 [[Obama Foundation]] Scholars at [[Columbia University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/content/about-obama-foundation-scholars-program|title=About the Obama Foundation Scholars Program {{!}} Columbia World Projects|website=worldprojects.columbia.edu|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> in the inaugural batch. Trisha publicly shared her story of child sexual abuse for the first time in 2019, in a [[TED (conference)|TED Talk]] titled, "Embrace your scars, be your own hero" <ref>{{Citation|last=Shetty|first=Trisha|title=Embrace your scars, be your own hero|date=13 February 2020 |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/trisha_shetty_embrace_your_scars_be_your_own_hero|language=en|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> as part of a special edition of TED conference broadcast on Television, hosted by and in collaboration with the Actor, [[Shah Rukh Khan]].

== Early life and education ==
Trisha Shetty was born in [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India. She completed her bachelor's degree in Political Science and Psychology from Jai Hind College, [[University of Mumbai]]. She then graduated as a lawyer from the University of Mumbai. In 2018, she was selected as an Obama Foundation Scholar<ref>{{cite news |title=Inaugural Group of Obama Foundation Scholars at Columbia University Announced |url=https://news.columbia.edu/obamascholars |work=Columbia News |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref> to complete a one-year specialised training, education, and mentorship program at [[Columbia University]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Columbia to host 12 Obama Foundation scholars aiming to solve global problems |url=https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2018/06/28/columbia-to-host-12-obama-foundation-scholars-aiming-to-solve-global-problems/ |website=Columbia Daily Spectator |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref> The inaugural Obama Scholars cohort comprised twelve accomplished leaders participating in an immersive program combining academic, skills-based, and experiential learning, designed by Columbia University in consultation with the Obama Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Obama Foundation Scholars Program |url=https://worldprojects.columbia.edu/about-obama-foundation-scholars-program |website=Columbia World Projects |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref>

== Career and activism ==

Shetty founded SheSays<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesays.in/|title=She Says {{!}} Home|website=www.shesays.in|language=en|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> in August 2015. SheSays is a youth-led movement to advance gender equality through a multidimensional approach. Trisha shared her personal story of child sexual abuse and her journey to start SheSays for the first time in November 2019 through her TED talk, "Embrace your scars, be your own hero."<ref>{{Cite web|title=TED Talks season 2: Shah Rukh Khan drops teaser of India Nayi Baat which will leave you inspired!|url=http://www.catchnews.com/television-news/ted-talks-season-2-shah-rukh-khan-drops-teaser-of-india-nayi-baat-which-will-leave-you-inspired-177428.html|access-date=2021-06-25|website=CatchNews.com|language=en}}</ref> Her talk was aired on television across [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] and [[Star World]] in English and Hindi. She spoke as part of a special series developed by TED in collaboration with the actor, Shah Rukh Khan and Star TV Network.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Nyay|date=2019-10-03|title=Disney's Star India Network Sets Season 2 of 'TED Talks India' Hosted by Shah Rukh Khan|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/disneys-star-india-sets-shah-rukh-khan-s-ted-talks-india-season-2-1245095/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> The talk was translated in multiple regional Indian languages and was broadcast digitally via [[TED (conference)|TED]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Shetty|first=Trisha|title=Embrace your scars, be your own hero|date=13 February 2020 |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/trisha_shetty_embrace_your_scars_be_your_own_hero|language=en|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]] and [[National Geographic|NatGeo]].

In 2016, the [[United Nations]] Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]] and Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/young-leaders-sdgs/|title=Young Leaders for the SDGs|work=Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-US}}</ref> announced Shetty as one of 17 youth leaders selected for the inaugural class of UN Youth Leaders for the Sustainable Development Goals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/youngleadersmeettheleaders/|title=Meet the Young Leaders for the SDGs|work=Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Shetty was selected for her leadership and contribution to end gender inequality and injustice by 2030.

In 2017, Shetty was named on the [[Forbes 30 Under 30]] list under the categories Pioneer Women<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-asia/2017/pioneer-women/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517032721/https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-asia/2017/pioneer-women/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 May 2017|title=30 Under 30 Asia 2017: Pioneer Women|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> and Social Entrepreneur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-asia/2017/social-entrepreneurs/|title=30 Under 30 Asia 2017: Social Entrepreneurs|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref> She also delivered the keynote address at the UN [[United Nations Economic and Social Council|ECOSOC]] Youth Forum, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/video/trisha-shetty-young-leader-sdgs-keynote-address-ecosoc-youth-forum-2017/|title=Trisha Shetty, Young Leader for the SDGs, Keynote Address at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017|website=Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref>

In March 2018, Shetty was selected as one of the 13 Indian's to join the inaugural Young Leaders India-France Club launched by French President Emmanuel Macron, during his State visit to India. The Club Young Leaders India-France aims to build an influential advisory network to promote Indo-French bilateral action.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.ambafrance.org/Indian-influencers-from-Club-Young-Leaders-India-France-on-Paris-visit|title=Indian influencers from Club Young Leaders India-France on Paris visit|website=La France en Inde / France in India|language=en|access-date=2019-05-21}}</ref>

In June 2018, Shetty was inducted into the final [[Queen's Young Leader Award|Queen's Young Leader]] Cohort by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth at Buckingham Palace. As a Queen's Young Leader,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/introducingqyl18-trisha-siva/|title=Queens Young Leaders – Introducing Queen's Young Leaders Trisha and Siva|website=www.queensyoungleaders.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> Shetty received specialised training and mentorship and was invited to a reception hosted by [[Theresa May|Prime Minister Theresa May]] at [[10 Downing Street]].

Shetty was also co-contributor to the ''Sunday Times'' best seller, ''Feminists Don't Wear Pink'' (2018),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/books/national-book-awards-2018-winners-a3995766.html|title=All the winners from the 2018 National Book Awards|work=Evening Standard|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref> a collection of short stories by activists and female leaders to raise money for the United Nations initiative Girl Up.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/10/22/feminists-dont-wear-pink-author-says-women-dont-live-by-a-one-size-fits-all-philosophy-8060257/|title=Feminists Don't Wear Pink author says women don't live by one-size-fits-all rule|date=2018-10-22|work=Metro|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>

On [[International Day of the Girl Child]], Shetty assisted [[Michelle Obama]] to launch the Global Girls Alliance under the Obama Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/c/karlie-kloss-and-trisha-shetty-talk-about-the-power-of-girls%E2%80%99-education/vp-BBOelwL|title=Karlie Kloss and Trisha Shetty talk about the power of girls' education|website=www.msn.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> Shetty joined other celebrities including [[Zendaya]], [[Karlie Kloss]] and [[Jennifer Hudson]] on ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]'' and urged viewers to take a stand for marginalised girls.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

In 2018, Shetty became the vice-president of the Paris Peace Forum Steering Committee and the following year she was named the President of the Steering Committee working with [[Emmanuel Macron|President Macron]] to host an annual event to support international cooperation and global governance to ensure durable peace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parispeaceforum.org/place/trisha-shetty/|title=Trisha SHETTY - Paris Peace Forum|website=parispeaceforum.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>

In response to COVID-19, Shetty has joined the Lancet-Chatham House Commission as a Health Commissioner on Improving Population Health Post COVID.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Lancet-Chatham House Commission on Improving Population Health post COVID-19|url=https://www.healthpostcovid-19.org/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.healthpostcovid-19.org}}</ref>

In 2021, Shetty also joined the Global Advisory Board of UNLEASH alongside Mr. Nandan Nilekani, co-founder, Infosys and Ms Nena Stoilkovic, Under-Secretary General, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UNLEASH|title=Contact & Team|url=https://unleash.org/contact/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=UNLEASH|language=en}}</ref> UNLEASH is a non-profit founded in 2016 with the aim of developing solutions to the SDGs and building capacity for young people from around the world.

In April 2022, Shetty joined former Prime Minister of Sweden, Mr. Stefan Löfven alongside Mr. Jan Eliasson, Former Deputy Secretary-General of the UN and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sweden, Ms. Sharan Burrow, General Secretary, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Australia and Anna Sundström, Secretary General, Olof Palme International Center to launch the Common Security 2022 report to mark the 40th anniversary of Olof Palme's Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Launch Event "Common Security 2022" {{!}} IPB - International Peace Bureau |url=https://www.ipb.org/events/launch-event-common-security-2022/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shetty was part of the High-Level Advisory Commission that consulted on the drafting of the report.<ref>{{Cite web |title=High-Level Advisory Commission |url=https://commonsecurity.org/high-level-advisory-commission/ |access-date=2022-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2023, Trisha joined the ANDAM guest jury alongside model [[Gigi Hadid]], model [[Quannah Chasinghorse]], and Italian fashion critic Angelo Flaccavento. ANDAM is a French fashion award established as a joint venture between the [[French Ministry of Culture]] and the [[Défi Mode]] fashion organisation.<ref>{{cite web |title=ANDAM chooses activist jury for awards’ 34th edition |url=https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Andam-chooses-activist-jury-for-awards-34th-edition,1490789.html |website=FashionNetwork |date=2023-02-28 |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jury 2023 – ANDAM Fashion Awards 2023 (PDF) |url=https://andam.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/andam-cp-jury-2023-fr-2-1.pdf |website=ANDAM |format=PDF |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref>

In 2023 and 2024, Trisha Shetty moderated the Young Activists Summit at the [[Palais des Nations]], the United Nations headquarters in Geneva, honoring young social activists and providing a platform for their work on current social issues. The 2023 edition recognized five activists and included remarks from [[Tatiana Valovaya]], Director‑General of UN Geneva, and [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Young Activists Summit honours five young activists at the United Nations in Geneva during a live event with the participation of Prince Albert II of Monaco |url=https://www.fpa2.org/en/actualites/the-2023-young-activists-summit-honours-five-young-activists-at-the-united-nations-in-geneva-during-a-live-event-with-the-participation-of-prince-albert-ii-of-monaco-08374 |website=Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=News Package – Young Activists Summit 2023 |url=https://www.unognewsroom.org/story/fr/1923/news-package-young-activist-summit-2023-16-november-2023 |website=UN Geneva Newsroom |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref>

In 2025, Shetty joined the Global Women Leaders Summit hosted by the [[Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security]] and chaired by [[Hillary Clinton]], participating in the launch of the first cohort of The Women Changemakers Initiative, of which she is a member.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Changemakers |url=https://giwps.georgetown.edu/women-changemakers/ |website=Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reykjavik 2025: Where Women Hold the Key to Peace and Progress |url=https://giwps.georgetown.edu/2025/11/17/reykjavik-2025-where-women-hold-the-key-to-peace-and-progress/ |website=Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security |date=17 November 2025 |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Launched on the sidelines of the summit, the initiative facilitates cross-generational dialogue and collaboration among global women leaders, with the aim of advancing human rights, climate action, democratic values, and inclusive governance.
Prior to this, Shetty was part of a 25-member high-level committee, which included [[Michelle Bachelet]], former President of Chile; [[Patricia Espinosa]]; [[Julia Gillard]], former Prime Minister of Australia; [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]], former President of Lithuania; [[Marta Lucía Ramírez]], Vice President of Colombia; and [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]], former President of Liberia. The committee contributed to the drafting of the Beijing+25 report, an initiative of the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security, supported by the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] and in collaboration with Hillary Clinton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beijing+25: Accelerating Progress for Women and Girls |url=https://giwps.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Beijing25AcceleratingProgressForWomenAndGirls.pdf |website=Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Making the Law Work for Women |url=https://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2021/03/17/making-the-law-work-for-women/ |website=Georgetown Security Studies Review |date=17 March 2021 |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Shetty also participated in discussions on legal frameworks to support women as part of this initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making the Law Work for Women |url=https://giwps.georgetown.edu/events/making-the-law-work-for-women/ |website=Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security |access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref>

In 2025, Shetty was also recognized as one of 90 women on The Shift Is On magazine’s “90+1” list, curated in collaboration with activist [[Gloria Steinem]] and photographers [[Inez and Vinoodh]] and to celebrate Steinem’s 90 years of advocacy for gender equality. Other notable honorees included [[Selena Gomez]], [[Billie Eilish]], [[Melinda Gates]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Amal Clooney]], and [[Angelina Jolie]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trisha Shetty |url=https://theshiftison.com/trisha-shetty/ |website=The Shift Is On |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Zoya Akhtar and Deepika Padukone shine in The Shift’s 90+1 list of global changemakers |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/zoya-akhtar-and-deepika-padukone-shine-in-the-shifts-90-plus-one-list-of-global-changemakers-1.500212934 |work=Gulf News |date=16 January 2025 |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |title=Deepika Padukone joins Amal Clooney, Angelina Jolie, Selena Gomez and other notable names in The Shift’s 90+1 list |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/deepika-padukone-joins-amal-clooney-angelina-jolie-selena-gomez-and-other-notable-names-in-the-shifts-90-plus-one-list-13914167.html |work=Firstpost |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Shift Changemaking Women Lunch |url=https://wwd.com/eye/parties/gallery/the-shift-changemaking-women-lunch-photos-1237996688/ |website=WWD |access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref>

In 2026, Shetty was named a [[Young Global Leader]] by the [[World Economic Forum]], as part of its Class of 2026. The programme recognises individuals under the age of 40 who have demonstrated outstanding leadership and a commitment to shaping a more sustainable and inclusive future across sectors including public service, business, and civil society.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet the Young Global Leaders Class of 2026 |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2026/04/meet-the-young-global-leaders-class-of-2026/ |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.dw.com/en/indian-social-activist-trisha-shetty-fights-for-equality/video-54719422 ''Indian social activist Trisha Shetty fights for equality'']. DW.com, 2021-02-17

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Trisha}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Activists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]

Ambala City Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:32Z

AhmadFosbery49: New

{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ambala City Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Ambala City Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Haryana]]
| established = 1967
| abolished =
| electors = 2,60,716
| mla = [[Nirmal Singh (Haryana politician)|Nirmal Singh]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no = 5
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Ambala district|Ambala]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ambala Lok Sabha constituency|Ambala]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Nirma Singh.jpg
}}

'''Ambala City Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]. Ambala city is a part of [[Ambala district]].<ref>[http://haryanaelections.in/ambala-city-assembly-constituency-candidate-name-result-haryana-assembly-election-2014-inld-congress-bjp/ haryanaelections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212122906/http://haryanaelections.in/ambala-city-assembly-constituency-candidate-name-result-haryana-assembly-election-2014-inld-congress-bjp/ |date=12 February 2015 }} - [http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-results/ambala-city.php Ambala City Vidhansabha Constituency, Haryana], ''travelindia-guide.com'' - [http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/haryana/ambala-city.html Ambala City Election Result 2014], ''MapsofIndia.com''</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]
| rowspan=2 | Lekh Wati Jain
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan=3 | Shiv Prasad
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Sumer Chand
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| Veena Chhibber
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Venod Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Aseem Goel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Nirmal Singh (Haryana politician)|Nirmal Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nirmal Singh (Haryana politician)|Nirmal Singh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=84,475 |percentage=50.98% |change={{increase}}37.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aseem Goel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=73,344 |percentage=44.26% |change={{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parul Nagpal Udaipuria |party=Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes=2,423 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ketan Sharma |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,492 |percentage=0.90% |change={{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Malkit Singh Bhanokheri |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,305 |percentage=0.79% |change={{decrease}}1.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,371 |percentage=0.83% |change={{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,131 |percentage=6.72% |change= {{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,65,701 |percentage=63.20% |change= {{increase}}2.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,60,716 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}8.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |access-date= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aseem Goel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=64,896 |percentage=42.20% |change=4.91% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nirmal Singh (Haryana politician)|Nirmal Singh]]|party=Independent politician|votes=55,944|percentage=36.38%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jasbir Mallour|party=Indian National Congress|votes=20,091|percentage=13.07%|change=-8.40%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Harpal Singh Kamboj|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=5,711|percentage=3.71%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ravinder Singh|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,890|percentage=1.88%|change=0.58%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=1,484|percentage=0.97%|change=0.28%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anshul Kumar Aggarwal|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=868|percentage=0.56%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,952 |percentage=5.82% |change=-8.58% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,53,772|percentage=60.50%|change=-10.15%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,54,168 |change =11.20% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 4.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Aseem Goel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=60,216 |percentage=37.29% |change=27.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Venod Sharma]] |party=Haryana Jan Chetna Party (V) |votes=36,964 |percentage=22.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Himmat Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=34,658 |percentage=21.46% |change=-31.31% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balvinder Singh |party=Shiromani Akali Dal |votes=22,783 |percentage=14.11% |change=-11.65% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pritpal Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,093 |percentage=1.30% |change=-6.85% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,101 |percentage=0.68% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,252 |percentage=14.40% |change=-12.62% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,61,486 |percentage=70.65% |change= 0.60% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,28,573 |change =21.70% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -15.49% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Venod Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=69,435 |percentage=52.77% |change=-11.74% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bibi Charanjeet Kaur Mallour |party=Shiromani Akali Dal |votes=33,885 |percentage=25.75% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Sanjay Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,741 |percentage=9.68% |change=-2.28% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Makhan Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=10,719 |percentage=8.15% |change=6.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Parkash |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=2,736 |percentage=2.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehar Chand Nagra |party=Independent politician |votes=691 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,550 |percentage=27.02% |change=-17.99% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,31,571 |percentage=70.05% |change= 8.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,87,813 |change =48.33% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -11.74% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Venod Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=50,618 |percentage=64.52% |change=30.41% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjit Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=15,302 |percentage=19.50% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Veena Chhibber |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,387 |percentage=11.96% |change=-30.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hakam Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,048 |percentage=1.34% |change=-0.93% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harmesh Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=898 |percentage=1.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kala Ram Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=641 |percentage=0.82% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,316 |percentage=45.01% |change=36.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,457 |percentage=61.97% |change= 1.38% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,615 |change =9.72% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 21.67% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Veena Chhibber |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,949 |percentage=42.84% |change=4.67% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiran Bala |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,840 |percentage=34.11% |change=0.83% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmal Vij |party=Independent politician |votes=10,762 |percentage=15.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pritam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,196 |percentage=4.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanti Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,586 |percentage=2.27% |change=-5.51% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjit Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=568 |percentage=0.81% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,109 |percentage=8.74% |change=3.84% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,901 |percentage=60.58% |change= -6.15% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,397 |change =0.53% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= 9.93% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=28,570 |percentage=38.18% |change=7.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumer Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,900 |percentage=33.27% |change=0.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rameshwar Parshad |party=Samata Party |votes=8,511 |percentage=11.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Parkash Saini |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,822 |percentage=7.78% |change=2.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhdev Singh Govind Garh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,996 |percentage=4.00% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Kumar |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=2,107 |percentage=2.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmala Sandhu |party=Independent politician |votes=448 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Nath Boh |party=BSP(A) |votes=425 |percentage=0.57% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,670 |percentage=4.90% |change=3.14% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,834 |percentage=66.74% |change= -1.43% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,14,794 |change =22.54% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.26% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumer Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,489 |percentage=32.92% |change=-2.84% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,388 |percentage=31.15% |change=-14.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhdev Singh |party=All India Youth Akali Dal |votes=10,244 |percentage=16.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Janata Party |votes=4,123 |percentage=6.62% |change=3.79% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Dass Liharsa |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,537 |percentage=5.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surjit Rai Wadhawan |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,324 |percentage=2.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,006 |percentage=1.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajay Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=768 |percentage=1.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surinder Sood |party=Independent politician |votes=680 |percentage=1.09% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,101 |percentage=1.77% |change=-8.14% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,241 |percentage=68.17% |change= -1.53% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,681 |change =17.75% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -12.75% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Prasad |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,073 |percentage=45.67% |change=-1.70% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Yash |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,632 |percentage=35.76% |change=-4.67% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,181 |percentage=5.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amarjit Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=1,556 |percentage=2.83% |change=-0.89% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswant Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=976 |percentage=1.78% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munshi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=969 |percentage=1.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Sukhnandan |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=1.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harish Kumar |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=497 |percentage=0.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=0.81% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,441 |percentage=9.91% |change=2.97% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,896 |percentage=69.70% |change= 0.20% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,557 |change =18.21% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= -1.70% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Prasad |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,847 |percentage=47.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumer Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,646 |percentage=40.43% |change=18.15% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Munshi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,176 |percentage=6.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshan Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=1,719 |percentage=3.73% |change=-72.27% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder Verma |party=Independent politician |votes=614 |percentage=1.33% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,201 |percentage=6.94% |change=-46.77% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,115 |percentage=69.50% |change= 5.97% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,302 |change =13.85% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= -28.62% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Prasad |party=Janata Party |votes=28,237 |percentage=75.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lekh Wati Jain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,279 |percentage=22.28% |change=-28.39% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=641 |percentage=1.73% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,958 |percentage=53.71% |change=51.43% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,157 |percentage=63.53% |change= -5.86% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,115 |change =20.34% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 25.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lekh Wati Jain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,932 |percentage=50.67% |change={{decrease}}4.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Narain |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=16,170 |percentage=48.39% |change={{increase}}12.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raja Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=316 |percentage=0.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=762 |percentage=2.28% |change= {{decrease}}17.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,418 |percentage=69.39% |change= {{increase}}13.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,123 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lekh Wati Jain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,552 |percentage=55.58% |change={{increase}}27.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=9,482 |percentage=36.22% |change={{decrease}}14.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Saran |party=Bharatiya Kranti Dal |votes=1,546 |percentage=5.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=233 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Republican Party of India |votes=176 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardara Singh Mitha |party=Independent politician |votes=66 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh Marwah |party=Independent politician |votes=65 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Darshan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=62 |percentage=0.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,070 |percentage=19.36% |change= {{decrease}}2.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,182 |percentage=55.00% |change= {{decrease}}15.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,449 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}5.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Ambala City<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Faqir Chand Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=15,887 |percentage=50.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. G. Khan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,973 |percentage=28.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,149 |percentage=19.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=452 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,914 |percentage=21.98% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,461 |percentage=71.74% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,123 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/ambala-city.html Ambala City (Haryana) Assembly constituency Elections], ''elections.in''

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{coord|30.37|76.77|display=title}}

[[Category:Ambala]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana|Ambala]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Ambala district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Phulera Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:51Z

AhmadFosbery49: stub - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phulera
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-44-Phulera.svg
| mla = [[Vidhyadhar Singh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Jaipur district]]
| established = 1957
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 44
}}

'''Phulera Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Jaipur Rural Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Extent==
Phulera constituency covers all voters from parts of [[Phulera|Phulera tehsil]], which include [[Sambhar Lake Town|ILRC Sambhar]] including [[Sambhar Municipal Board]] and [[Phulera Municipal Board]], [[Kishangarh Renwal|ILRC Renwal]] including [[Kishangarh Renwal Municipal Board]], [[Bhainslana|ILRC Bhainslana]], [[Narayana, Phulera|ILRC Narayana]]; and [[Doongari Khurd]], [[Harsoli]], [[Kherimilak]] and [[Ramjipura Kalan]] of [[Karansar|ILRC Karansar]].<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]|| P K Chaudhari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<ref name="election1957">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Rajasthan_1957.pdf 1957 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]|| Sagar Mal || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2|P K Chaudhari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2|Hari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Laxminarain Kisan || {{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=2|Hari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Nanuram Kakaraliya<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || Navratan Rajoria|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=3|[[Nirmal Kumawat]]<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/RajAE_2013_stat_report.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2013 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN]</ref>
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2019">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2019/RajAE_2018_stat_report.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2018 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF RAJASTHAN]</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Vidhyadhar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Phulera<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan General Legislative Election 2023|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/rajasthan-legislative-election-2023-including-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vidhyadhar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:112244}}
|percentage = 54.49
|change = +14.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Nirmal Kumawat
|votes = {{formatnum:85346}}
|percentage = 41.43
|change = +0.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Rakesh Joya
|votes = {{formatnum:3075}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1220}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = +0.23
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26898}}
|percentage = 13.06
|change = +12.43
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:206004}}
|percentage = 78.46
|change = +2.92
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Phulera<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Nirmal Kumawat
|votes = {{formatnum:73530}}
|percentage = 40.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vidhyadhar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:72398}}
|percentage = 39.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Spurdha Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:9946}}
|percentage = 5.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Deen Dayal Kumawat Alias D.D.
|votes = {{formatnum:8716}}
|percentage = 4.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Prakash Chand
|votes = {{formatnum:5777}}
|percentage = 3.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Banwari Lal Jat
|votes = {{formatnum:3711}}
|percentage = 2.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:652}}
|percentage = 0.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1132}}
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:181259}}
|percentage = 75.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bhartiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.87|75.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Vanlalhlana

2026-04-13T00:44:10Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating New Post Initial Version

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Vanlalhlana
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Vanlalhlana (politician).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Vanlalhlana in 2024
| office = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Transport of Mizoram]]
| term_start = 8 December 2023
| term_end =
| governor = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] (formerly)
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor = T J Lalnuntluanga
| office1 = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Public Works of Mizoram]]
| term_start1 = 8 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| governor1 = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor1 = [[Zoramthanga]]
| successor1 =
| office2 = [[Lalduhoma ministry|Minister of Parliamentary of Mizoram]]
| term_start2 = 8 December 2023
| term_end2 =
| governor2 = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Lalduhoma]]
| predecessor2 = T J Lalnuntluanga
| successor2 =
| office3 = [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Member of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = December 2023
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = R. Romawia
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[Aizawl North 1 Assembly constituency|Aizawl North 1]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|03|26|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]] (since 2017)
| other_party =
| spouse = Lalremmawii
| relations =
| children = 3
| mother =
| father = Thanzama
| relatives =
| education = MA (Economics)
| alma_mater = [[North-Eastern Hill University]]
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| signature =
}}

'''Vanlalhlana''' is an Indian politician from [[Mizoram]], who is currently the Cabinet Minister for Public Works, Transport and Parliamentary Affairs Department for the Government of Mizoram.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram ministers list 2023: Full list of ministers and their portfolios in Lalduhoma cabinet |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mizoram-ministers-list-2023-full-list-of-ministers-and-their-portfolios-in-lalduhoma-cabinet/3333266/ |website=financialexpress.com |access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref>

He was elected to the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Aizawl North 1 Assembly constituency]] in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the [[Zoram People's Movement]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aizawl North-I Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: ZPM's Vanlalhlana defeats MNF's R.lalzirliana with 5485 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/aizawl-north-i-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471370-2023-12-04 |website=indiatoday.in |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==Education==
Vanlalhlana completed his Post Graduate in MA ([[Anthropology]]) from [[North-Eastern Hill University]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |title=VANLALHLANA(Criminal & Asset Declaration) |url=https://www.myneta.info/Mizoram2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=113 |website=myneta.info |access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Council of Ministers of Mizoram|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Politicians from Aizawl]]
[[Category:People from Aizawl district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Zoram People's Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:North-Eastern Hill University alumni]]
[[Category:1959 births]]

{{Mizoram-politician-stub}}

Mahanadhi (1994 film)

2026-04-09T15:27:51Z

AhmadFosbery49:

{{short description|1994 film by Santhana Bharathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mahanadhi 1994 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Santhana Bharathi]]
| screenplay = [[Kamal Haasan]] [[Ra. Ki. Rangarajan]]
| story = Kamal Haasan
| producer = S. A. Rajkannu
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Kamal Haasan
* [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
}}
| cinematography = [[M. S. Prabhu]]
| editing = N. P. Satish
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Sree Amman Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1994|01|14}}
| runtime = 165 minutes<ref name="DFF" />
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR|2.5}} crores<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=21 September 2017 |title=An actor by chance |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu/20170921/282849371162050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827113715/https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu/20170921/282849371162050 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Mahanadhi''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ə|h|ɑː|ˌ|n|ə|ð|i}} {{translation|The Great River}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime drama film]] directed by [[Santhana Bharathi]] and co-written by [[Kamal Haasan]]. The film stars Haasan and [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], with [[S. N. Lakshmi]], [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]], [[Shobana Vignesh]], Dinesh, [[Poornam Viswanathan]], [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] and [[Cochin Haneefa|V. M. C. Haneefa]] in supporting roles. It revolves around a widower and his family going through many miseries due to the machinations of a con artist.

The idea for ''Mahanadhi'' originated when Haasan discovered his domestic help's plan to kidnap his daughters for a ransom. After he completed the story, novelist [[Ra. Ki. Rangarajan]] provided inputs, and was subsequently credited as the dialogue writer. Cinematography was handled by newcomer [[M. S. Prabhu]], and editing was handled by N. P. Sathish. It was the first film in India to make use of [[Avid Technology]]. The film deals with several issues, such as corruption and child trafficking.

''Mahanadhi'' was released in theatres on 14 January 1994, [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] day, and was both critically and commercially successful. The film won two [[National Film Awards]]: [[National Film Award for Best Tamil Feature Film|Best Tamil Feature Film]] and [[National Film Award for Best Sound Design|Best Audiography]], and two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]: [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Special Prize]] (Best Film) and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Stunt Coordinator|Best Stunt Coordinator]] ([[Vikram Dharma]]).

== Plot ==
Krishnaswamy is a widower living peacefully with his mother-in-law Saraswathi Ammal, daughter Kaveri and son Bharani in a village near [[Kumbakonam]]. He meets Dhanush, a con artist from [[Chennai|Madras]], who lusts after Krishna's prosperity and asks him to join his [[chit fund]] business. Krishna is initially reluctant; however, when a wealthy friend from abroad visits his house, Krishna too wants to be well off like them for his family. He agrees to Dhanush's proposal and arrives in Madras. When Dhanush swindles him out of the money, Krishna is implicated and [[Miscarriage of justice|wrongfully convicted]].

Krishna befriends Panjapakesan who is in prison for the same reason. He advises Krishna not to be angry if the jailer is cruel to them, as he might be released sooner on good behaviour. Panjapakesan's daughter is a nurse, and during Krishna's time in jail she takes care of his family. Due to unavoidable situations, Saraswathi dies, and after being released from prison, Krishna learns that his children have gone missing.

On a walk with Panjapakesan, Krishna finds Bharani working with a family of street performers and brings him home. Bharani lets him know that Kaveri must still be with Dhanush, as he got her a job. Krishna later learns that his daughter was sent to [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] and is working in [[Sonagachi]], a red-light district.

Around the time Krishna was arrested, Kaveri had attained puberty, and three months later, Saraswathi became sick. Kaveri and Bharani go to Dhanush asking for financial help. Dhanush takes them to his boss so that Kaveri is sold into prostitution. Though the boss provides money to Dhanush for Saraswathi's treatment, he chases out Bharani with his dog and keeps the money for himself. Kaveri was raped by the boss and was trafficked, ending up in Sonagachi.

Krishna goes to Calcutta with his father-in-law and tracks down his daughter. Unable to bear the grief, he grabs her and tries to escape, while the pimps and the other prostitutes there beat him severely. The brothel madam makes a truce and insists that Krishna takes Kaveri away, while the prostitutes would work extra hours to pay the pimps for the loss of Kaveri.

After returning from Calcutta, Krishna wants to start a new life with Yamuna, but his friend in the police, Muthusamy tells him that Dhanush has planned to implicate Krishna in a murder case, and he will be arrested the next day. Also, Krishna overhears his daughter sleep-talking about all the clients she was made to work for. Heartbroken, Krishna decides to curb the root of his grief and goes to seek revenge against Dhanush.

Krishna learns that Dhanush is just a pawn in the big game of cheating. He not only kills Dhanush but also Venkatachalam, the main person behind this game, at the cost of his left arm. Krishna is sentenced to 14 years of imprisonment and comes out a content man, to see his daughter married to Muthusamy's son and with a baby, and his son a grown man. The whole family moves back to their native village.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] as Krishnaswamy<ref name="silver lining" />
* [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Yamuna<ref name="silver lining" />
* [[Shobana Vignesh]] as Young Kaveri<ref name="silver lining" />
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Saraswathi Ammal<ref name="hindutamil" />
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Manju<ref name="hindutamil" />
* Dinesh as Bharani<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2020 |title=Here's How These Little Kids From 'Mahanadhi' Look Like Now! |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/article/152585/here-s-how-these-little-kids-from-mahanadhi-look-like-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705150857/https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/article/152585/here-s-how-these-little-kids-from-mahanadhi-look-like-now |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=5 July 2020 |website=Astro Ulagam}}</ref>
* [[Poornam Viswanathan]] as Panjabikesan<ref name="thenewsminute" />
* [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as Muthusamy<ref name="Moviefone">{{Cite web |title=Mahanadhi Cast and Crew |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/mahanadhi/y5NOGnX7DzjQG9Z0IyAzb4/credits/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230829100008/https://www.moviefone.com/movie/mahanadhi/y5NOGnX7DzjQG9Z0IyAzb4/credits/ |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=[[Moviefone]]}}</ref>
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Dhanush<ref name="thenewsminute" />
* Mohan Natarajan as Venkatachalam<ref name="hindutamil" />
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay|Vijay]] as Mannangkatti<ref name="Moviefone" />
* [[Mohan Raman]] as Lawyer
* [[Mahanadi Shankar|Sivasankar]] as Thulukaanam<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=மகாநதி- மகாநதி சங்கர் |url=http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9776&id1=40&issue=20191108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200707155955/http://kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9776&id1=40&issue=20191108 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}</ref>
}}

The uncredited cast includes [[Sangita Madhavan Nair|Sangita]] as adolescent Kaveri and [[Jayasudha]] as Narmada, Krishnaswamy's late wife in a portrait.<ref name="silver lining" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/38750-mahanadi-kamal-haasan-told-middle-class-dreams-as-pain-and-misery-6.html|title=’மகாநதி’ : நடுத்தரவர்க்கக் கனவுகளை வலியும் துயரமுமாகச் சொன்ன கமல்ஹாசன்!|language=ta|work=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]]|first=வி. |last=ராம்ஜி|date=14 January 2023|access-date=18 July 2025}}</ref>

== Production ==
=== Development ===
According to [[Kamal Haasan]], his domestic help plotted to kidnap his daughters for a ransom, but he discovered their plan. This incident laid the foundation for ''Mahanadhi''. Haasan has stated that when he started to write the script, "the script wrote itself ....maybe assisted by my fear, apprehension and paranoia."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haasan |first=Kamal |author-link=Kamal Haasan |date=13 August 2017 |title=Bollywood blockbuster to Kollywood classic: Kamal Haasan picks his 70 favourite movies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/kamal-hassan-70-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170813134310/http://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/kamal-hassan-70-movies/ |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=5 July 2020 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> He avoided publicising this fact for over twenty years.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|10:37–11:08}} According to director [[Santhana Bharathi]], when Haasan was asked to do a film for S. A. Rajkannu of Sree Amman Creations, he immediately involved Bharathi in the project and told him the story needed to be ready.<ref name="Team effort" /> Haasan and Bharathi went to [[Kodaikanal]] where they completed the story after much toiling. After the duo returned to [[Chennai|Madras]], novelist [[Ra. Ki. Rangarajan]] made further suggestions which were used; he was subsequently credited as the film's dialogue writer.<ref name="Team effort" />

Haasan initially considered titling the film ''Meenda Sorgam'' (previously the title of a [[Meenda Sorgam|1960 film]]), but ultimately desisted as it was found to be old-fashioned; ''Mahanadhi'' was later finalised as the team wanted a title related to rivers, with many of the characters being named after rivers.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|6:10–6:32}} [[P. C. Sreeram]] was initially approached to be the cinematographer, but he declined and instead suggested his assistant [[M. S. Prabhu]].<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|25:11–25:25}} The film was Prabhu's first as an independent cinematographer while the fight sequences were choreographed by [[Vikram Dharma]].<ref name="IE review" /> Haasan's then-wife [[Sarika]] designed the costumes and was also an audiographer,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |author-link=Bhawana Somaaya |date=21 July 2000 |title=Star maker does it again |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/07/21/stories/09210224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203070343/http://www.hindu.com/2000/07/21/stories/09210224.htm |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> while editing was handled by N. P. Sathish.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=329}}<ref name="DFF" /> [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]], who worked as an associate director,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandya |date=January 1998 |title=Best of 1997 |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/98/Jan/winners/best1997.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119102008/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/98/Jan/winners/best1997.htm |archive-date=19 November 2015 |access-date=2 December 2013 |website=Indolink}}</ref> later accused Haasan of mistreating him and other assistant directors during production.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gobichetipal |first=Chandra |date=19 March 1998 |title=Cheran accuses Kamal |url=http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/track17.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990420145730/http://www.minnoviyam.com/star/track17.html |archive-date=20 April 1999 |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=Minnoviyam}}</ref>

=== Casting and filming ===
The film marked the acting debut of [[Shobana Vignesh|Shobana]] (who did not act in any other film since then), Dinesh and [[Mahanadi Shankar|Sivasankar]], who all got the film's title added to their names as a prefix.<ref name="hindutamil" /> The makers wanted a girl who could sing well, and cast Shobana as Kaveri after discovering her at a school event.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|16:50–17:08}} Sivasankar, who became known as "Mahanadhi" Shankar, was cast as the prison warden Thulukaanam as the makers wanted someone who could perform stunts as well as act. He was already a stuntman and was recommended to Bharathi by Dharma.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|17:55–18:40}} Shankar, who weighed {{Convert|66|kg}}, was asked by Dharma to gain weight for the role, and pushed it to {{Convert|82|kg}} within three months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navaneethakrishnan |first=Stalin |date=31 January 2023 |title=Mahanadi Shankar: 'காதல் தோல்வி: என் இளமையின் வலி' -மகாநதி சங்கர் சங்கடம்! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/fighter-and-actor-mahanadi-shankar-interview-131675096798577.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225205841/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/fighter-and-actor-mahanadi-shankar-interview-131675096798577.html |archive-date=25 December 2024 |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Cochin Haneefa|V. M. C. Haneefa]] readily agreed to act in the film as Dhanush when approached; he had previously been considered for an antagonistic role in Bharathi's ''[[Gunaa]]'' (1991).<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|17:16–17:50}} The sex workers in Sonagachi were not portrayed by real sex workers, but extras. The woman reuniting Krishnaswamy with his daughter was played by a bank officer then associated with the Tamil sangam theatre troupe.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|21:00–21:20}}

Principal photography was to have begun in May 1993, but began only in September due to casting difficulties; Bharathi said the makers "had to reach for three boys belonging to different age groups and son resembling Kamal [Haasan] and three girls likewise to play Kamal's daughters". The prison scenes were shot on a set designed by art director G. K., and some of the vessels used for those scenes were borrowed from real prisons.<ref name="Team effort" /> The pre-[[Intermission|interval]] scene where Krishnaswamy stands victoriously in prison as the saviour of people has been dubbed the "[[Jesus]] Christ" shot due to the way the light falls on Krishnaswamy.<ref name="FC interview" />{{Rp|18:50–19:12}} ''Mahanadhi'' was the first film in India to make use of [[Avid Technology]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=U N |first1=Sushma |last2=Srivastava |first2=Ishan |date=10 April 2013 |title=Digitizing Films |url=https://www.gadgetsnow.com/personal-tech/how-to/Digitizing-Films/articleshow/19470293.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065558/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-10/how-to/38433138_1_senthil-kumar-real-image-cinema |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was one of the first digitally edited films outside of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Shalini |date=7 August 2009 |title=A first for Sathyam |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/08/07/stories/2009080750371000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810185346/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/08/07/stories/2009080750371000.htm |archive-date=10 August 2009 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
''Mahanadhi'' deals with several issues such as corruption and child trafficking.<ref name="thenewsminute" /> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] said, "''Mahanadhi'' is one of the saddest films ever made, grim north to ''[[Singin' in the Rain]]''{{'s}} blithe south, but it has an extraordinary musical moment in 'Peygala nambaadhey', which Kamal Haasan's character sings, during a power cut, to his children who are scared of the dark". He described the song as "(a) a father's moral instruction to his children ("face your fears"), (b) a bit of levity, (c) a sweet stretch showcasing this family's dynamics, and (d) a hint that bad things can come at you from everywhere, whether from the television set (featuring terrifyingly distorted musical performers) or even a doting grandmother (who, jokingly, fashions herself into a demon goddess). That's where the film is headed, into a zone where nothing and no one can be trusted, and this song shapes these themes in a casually understated manner".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=13 July 2012 |title=What a glorious feeling |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/what-a-glorious-feeling/article3635356.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611063756/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/what-a-glorious-feeling/article3635356.ece |archive-date=11 June 2021 |access-date=11 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Poet [[Puviarasu]] stated: "Don't go after the mystic deer, was Kamal's message in the movie ''Mahanadhi'' [...] In the film, Krishna relocates to the city to earn more money, own a [[Mercedes-Benz|Benz]] and educate his daughter at Church Park Convent. And he faces the consequences of his actions."<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2006 |title=The fine art of cinema |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-fine-art-of-cinema/article3198259.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203214500/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-fine-art-of-cinema/article3198259.ece |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film also symbolically references the [[Kaveri River water dispute]], and many of the characters are named after major Indian rivers like [[Krishna River|Krishna]] (Krishnaswamy), [[Yamuna]], [[Kaveri]], and [[Thamirabarani River|Thamirabarani]] (Bharani).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S |date=14 January 2019 |title=Celebrating 25 years of Kamal Haasan's Mahanadi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/25-years-of-kamal-haasan-mahanadi-5537008/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705160232/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/25-years-of-kamal-haasan-mahanadi-5537008/ |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=5 July 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Haasan has stated that the central message of ''Mahanadhi'' is that "urbanisation is not necessarily development".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jayanthi |first=K. |date=4 February 1994 |title=Bold, bolder |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940204&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He also said the film was influenced by ''[[Les Misérables]]'', an 1862 novel by [[Victor Hugo]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=28 May 2009 |title=Writing for celluloid |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/writing-for-celluloid/article647863.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203214712/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/writing-for-celluloid/article647863.ece |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The core plot was also reported to bear resemblance with the 1979 film ''[[Hardcore (1979 film)|Hardcore]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=19 International films Inspired Kamal Haasan movies…? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/14-hollywood-inspired-kamal-haasan-movies/photostory/92260775.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829101842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/14-hollywood-inspired-kamal-haasan-movies/photostory/92260775.cms |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kathick |date=27 March 2023 |title=கமல் ஹாசனின் மகாநதி திரைப்படம் இந்த ஹாலிவுட் படத்தின் காப்பியா! |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/mahanadhi-movie-copied-from-this-hollywood-movie-1679908754 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327110523/https://cineulagam.com/article/mahanadhi-movie-copied-from-this-hollywood-movie-1679908754 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Cineulagam |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahanadhi |url=https://avdigital.in/products/mahanadhi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128153625/https://avdigital.in/products/mahanadhi |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=AVDigital}}</ref> Shobana sang the song "[[Srirangam|Sri Ranga]] Ranganathanin",<ref>{{Cite news |last=Swahilya |date=27 September 2004 |title=Music to your ears |url=http://www.hindu.com/edu/2004/09/27/stories/2004092700240600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105080920/http://www.hindu.com/edu/2004/09/27/stories/2004092700240600.htm |archive-date=5 January 2013 |access-date=2 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> which is set in [[Hamsadhvani]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=1 March 2013 |title=A bright start |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bright-start/article4465608.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303173615/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bright-start/article4465608.ece |archive-date=3 March 2013 |access-date=16 December 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song "Pongalo Pongal" became one of the most popular [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] themed songs of Tamil cinema and is played in radio and television on every Pongal.<ref name=po /><ref>{{Cite web |last=முருகதாஸ் |date=14 January 2022 |title=Pongal 2022: மகாநதி பாட்டு மட்டுமில்ல..! நாள் முழுக்க கேட்க நிறைய இருக்கு 'பொங்கல் சாங்ஸ்'!! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/pongal-2022-here-s-are-pongal-tamil-songs-collection-35271 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114025443/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/pongal-2022-here-s-are-pongal-tamil-songs-collection-35271 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Anbana Thayai
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Engeyo Thikkudesai
| lyrics2 = Vaali
| extra2 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Peigala Bhoodhama
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| extra3 = Kamal Haasan, [[Shanmugasundari]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Pongalo Pongal
| lyrics4 = Vaali
| extra4 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Solladha Raagangal
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| length5 =
| title6 = Sri Ranga Ranganathanin
| lyrics6 = Vaali
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Uma Ramanan]], [[Shobana Vignesh]]
| length6 =
| title7 = Thanmanam Ulla Nenjum
| lyrics7 = Vaali
| extra7 = Kamal Haasan
| length7 =
| title8 = Pirar Vaada
| note8 = Poem
| lyrics8 = [[Subramania Bharati]]
| extra8 = Kamal Haasan
| length8 =
}}

== Release ==
''Mahanadi'' was released in theatres on 14 January 1994, Pongal day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 1994 |title=Mahanadhi |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940114&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=14 July 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Despite clashing against other Pongal releases such as ''[[Sethupathi IPS]]'', ''[[Amaidhipadai]]'', ''[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]'', ''[[Veetla Visheshanga]]'', ''[[Siragadikka Aasai]]'' and ''[[Sindhu Nathi Poo]]'', it became a box office success.<ref name="po">{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=17 January 2020 |title=94-ல், பொங்கலுக்கு கமல், விஜயகாந்த், சத்யராஜ், பிரபு, பாக்யராஜ்; 'மகாநதி', 'அமைதிப்படை', 'சேதுபதி ஐபிஎஸ்' செம ஹிட்டு! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/535280-94-pongal-release.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303055738/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/535280-94-pongal-release.html |archive-date=3 March 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> In September 2020, [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]], who played a supporting role in the film, told ''[[Nakkheeran]]'' that the successful box office run and profits made by ''Mahanadhi'' helped Rajkannu clear all his earlier debts and it was he who requested Haasan to make the film for Rajkannu.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdjqXJsOcYA |title="என் கண்ணீரை துடைத்த ரஜினி!" Actor Rajesh Reveals Unknown Stories {{!}} Rajinikanth {{!}} Kamal Haasan |date=5 September 2020 |language=ta |publisher=[[Nakkheeran|Nakkheeran Studio]] |access-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202160112/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdjqXJsOcYA |archive-date=2 December 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> The film was screened at the [[International Film Festival Rotterdam]] six years after its release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S |date=15 March 2001 |title='The future? I may not act at all!' |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2001/mar/15kamal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622102052/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2001/mar/15kamal.htm |archive-date=22 June 2011 |access-date=2 December 2013 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "''Mahanadhi'' is a melancholic film with scenes that linger long after the film is over."<ref name="IE review" /> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "This movie is quite long [...] and I was warned the story was a bit "slow" but I did not really feel the time passing. If you like Kamal, you will like ''Mahanadhi'', which should earn another acting award for him".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=29 January 1994 |title=Award-winning performance by Kamalhassan |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SztOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5490%2C3689422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822185554/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SztOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5490,3689422 |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=29 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> The Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' wrote that it is surprising to see such a soft, intense and different film in Tamil, and also praised Haasan's acting, stating that one will forget Haasan and see only the character Krishnaswamy and empathise with him.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 January 1994 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம் {{!}} ''மகாநதி'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Mahanadhi'' |url=https://ibb.co/74LbTkM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029151440/https://ibb.co/74LbTkM |archive-date=29 October 2022 |access-date=29 October 2022 |magazine=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |pages=2–4 |language=ta}}</ref> R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote that, despite the presence of many actors performing well, Haasan was able to outshine them, and also appreciated the cinematography and music.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர்.பி.ஆர். |date=30 January 1994 |title=மகாநதி |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1994/jan/30-01-1994/p1.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220813093330/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1994/jan/30-01-1994/p1.jpg |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=19 April 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=1 |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Event
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[41st National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Tamil Feature Film|Best Tamil Feature Film]]
|S. A. Rajkannu
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="DFF" /> <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 1994 |title=Show restraint, Sharma exhorts film industry |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19941001&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=23 April 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Sound Design|Best Audiography]]
|[[H. Sridhar]], K. M. Surya Narayan
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize|Special Prize]] (Best Film)
|S. A. Rajkannu
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=330}}
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Stunt Coordinator|Best Stunt Coordinator]]
|[[Vikram Dharma]]
|}

== Legacy ==
''Mahanadhi'' has often been cited as one of the saddest and most depressing films from Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=24 October 2008 |title=Why I hate... Mahanadhi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/10/24/stories/2008102450180400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027132951/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/10/24/stories/2008102450180400.htm |archive-date=27 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=12 February 2012 |title=Admirable line and length |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/admirable-line-and-length/article2883967.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203214754/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/admirable-line-and-length/article2883967.ece |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> Following the film's release, many people mimicked Poornam Viswanathan's style of dialogue delivery in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2008 |title=Chennai: 'Poornam' Viswanathan is dead |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/death/20081002.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708163042/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/death/20081002.htm |archive-date=8 July 2020 |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, ''[[Forbes India]]'' included Haasan's performance in the film on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Prasad |first1=Shishir |last2=Ramnath |first2=N. S. |last3=Mitter |first3=Sohini |date=27 April 2013 |title=25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112014841/http://forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/0 |archive-date=12 January 2016 |access-date=27 January 2015 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="DFF">{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=41st National Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm41thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=41NFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123051732/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm41thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=41NFA.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2018 |access-date=2 December 2013 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
<ref name="silver lining">{{Cite news |last=Ge |first=Krupa |date=16 July 2019 |title=Ms. Representation: Silver linings |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2019/jul/16/ms-representation-silver-linings-12987.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705215551/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2019/jul/16/ms-representation-silver-linings-12987.html |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
<ref name="hindutamil">{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=14 January 2019 |title=மகாநதிக்கு இன்றோடு 25 வயது |trans-title=''Mahanadhi'' turns 25 today |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/152132-25.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827143621/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/152132-25.html |archive-date=27 August 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="thenewsminute">{{Cite web |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=14 January 2019 |title=25 years of 'Mahanadi': Kamal Haasan's gripping drama moves us even today |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/25-years-mahanadi-kamal-haasan-s-gripping-drama-moves-us-even-today-94995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707172355/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/25-years-mahanadi-kamal-haasan-s-gripping-drama-moves-us-even-today-94995 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
<ref name="FC interview">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWcylBoMHPg |title=Santhanabharathi On The 'Jesus Christ' Shot, Working With Kamal, and More {{!}} Kamal Haasan |date=14 January 2019 |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |publisher=[[Film Companion South]] |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |time-caption=From |access-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419102820/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWcylBoMHPg |archive-date=19 April 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Team effort">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kummar |first=S. R. |date=13 May 1994 |title=Team effort does the trick |url=https://ibb.co/TmVtjwS |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813090328/https://ibb.co/TmVtjwS |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=31}}</ref>
<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=21 January 1994 |title=Sensitive stuff not for mass |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940121&printsec=frontpage |access-date=19 February 2015 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}

== External links ==
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Abhay and Rani Bang

2026-03-28T01:54:28Z

AhmadFosbery49: refine article also and improved wording based on references

{{short description|Indian social activists and researchers}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{promotional|date=September 2017}}
{{COI|date=April 2020}}
{{resume-like|date=April 2019}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abhay and Rani Bang
| image = Dr. Abhay and Rani Bang 3.jpg
| alt = a photograph of Abhay and Rani Bang
| birth_place = [[Wardha]] and [[Chandrapur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| alma_mater = [[Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur]] (MBBS, MD) [[Johns Hopkins University]] ([[Masters in Public Health|MPH]])
| occupation = Social activists
| known_for = Social work, community health, addiction recovery, home based newborn care
| children = Anand Bang (elder), Amrut Bang (younger)
| awards = {{bulleted list
| [[Maharashtra Bhushan Award]] {{small|(2003)}}
| [[MacArthur Foundation]] International Award {{small|(2006)}}
| National Award for Women's Development through Application of Science & Technology {{small|(2008)}}
| [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]] {{small|(2006)}}
| Inaugural Distinguished Alumni Award, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, US {{small|(2013)}}
| National Award of the Indian Council of Medical Research for Outstanding Research in Community Medicine
}}
| honors = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Abhay''' and '''Rani Bang''' are Indian social activists and [[community health]] researchers who work in the [[Gadchiroli district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. They are known for developing initiatives and programs focused on neonatal care, reproductive and maternal health, disease prevention and treatment, and rural development.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=From Menstrual Exile to Death: What Drove Dr Rani Bang To Fight for Tribal Women's Healthcare – The Better India |url=https://thebetterindiacom.wpcomstaging.com/369350/dr-abhay-bang-rani-search-gadchiroli-maharashtra-tribal-healthcare-access/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=thebetterindiacom.wpcomstaging.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Their work has been replicated in several developing countries and adopted by the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization (WHO)]] and [[UNICEF]].<ref name="RPI">{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Elizabeth |date=2011-03-20 |title=Dr Abhay Bang: the revolutionary paediatrician |url=http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/mar/20/dr-abhay-bang-revolutionary-paediatrician |access-date=28 November 2012 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://savethechildren.org.uk/content/dam/global/reports/advocacy/no-child-born-to-die.pdf | title=Save the Children UK {{pipe}} International Children's Charity }}</ref> In 2024, they were awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-26 |title=Padma Shri for Bangs and late Ramteke |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/padma-shri-for-bangs-and-late-ramteke/articleshow/62657350.cms |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In the 1980s, the Bangs founded the nonprofit Society for Education, Action, and Research in Community Health (SEARCH), through which they trained community health workers to deliver reproductive and neonatal care services to tribal women, resulting in decreased [[infant mortality]] rates.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Subsequently, they expanded their work to provide sex education to adolescents, support the rehabilitation of addicts, encourage blood donations, and deliver healthcare services in rural India.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" />

== Early life{{Anchor|Personal life and background}} ==

=== Abhay Bang ===
Abhay Bang was born in 1950 in [[Wardha]], [[Maharashtra]], India, to [[economist]]s Thakurdas and Suman Bang. His father was imprisoned for two years for participating in the [[Quit India Movement]], a nationwide protest against the [[History of the British Raj|British rule]]. He was accepted into [[Ohio University]] to pursue his doctoral studies but turned down the offer upon [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s counsel and decided to work for social and political reform movements in rural India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bang |first=Abhay |date=January 2019 |title=Meeting the Mahatma |journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research |volume=149 |issue=Suppl |pages=S49–S55 |doi=10.4103/0971-5916.251657 |doi-access=free |issn=0971-5916 |pmc=6515738 |pmid=31070177}}</ref>

Abhay spent his childhood at Gandhi's [[ashram]] in [[Sevagram]], attending a school that adhered to [[Nai Talim]], an education system that encourages students to partake in manual labour to gain experiential knowledge.<ref name=":1"/>

=== Rani Bang ===
Rani Bang (née Chari) was born in [[Chandrapur]] in 1951. Her father was a teacher and her mother was a homemaker.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kawalkar |first1=Umesh |last2=Mankar |first2=Amar |last3=Gophane |first3=Ravindra |last4=Patil |first4=Manoj S |date=2024-08-31 |title=People's Health in People's Hands: Dr. Abhay Bang and Dr. Rani Bang's Pioneering Approach to Rural Healthcare in India |journal=Cureus |volume=16 |issue=8 |article-number=e68345 |language=en |doi=10.7759/cureus.68345 |doi-access=free |issn=2168-8184 |pmc=11442638 |pmid=39355064}}</ref>

[[File:Dr. Abhay and Rani Bang 4.jpg|right|thumb|Abhay and Rani Bang with their youngest son Amrut]]

== Education ==
Abhay and Rani met while studying for their [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] (M.B.B.S.) degrees at the [[Nagpur University]], Maharashtra.<ref name=":3" /> After graduating in 1972, they received their [[Doctor of Medicine]] (M.D.) degree in 1977 and 1976 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bang |first=Dr. (smt) Rani Abhay |title=Recipient of Jamnalal Bajaj Award for Uplift and Welfare of Women and Children-2006 |url=https://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/media/pdf/JBA_2006_Bio_Dr_Rani_Bang.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=March 10, 2026 |website=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation}}</ref> The couple got married in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |title=Be The Pathfinder: Dr. Abhay Bang on Grassroots Healthcare |url=https://www.healthcareexecutive.in/blog/be-the-pathfinder |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Healthcare Executive |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Bangs also each hold a [[Master in Public Health]], completed in 1984, from [[Johns Hopkins University]] in Baltimore, United States.<ref name="TL">{{Cite magazine |last=Perry |first=Alex |date=31 October 2005 |title=The Listeners |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1124299,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051101144906/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1124299,00.html |archive-date=1 November 2005 |access-date=11 November 2013 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-15 |title=From Gandhi to Gadchiroli—via Johns Hopkins {{!}} Johns Hopkins {{!}} Bloomberg School of Public Health |url=https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2013/abhay-rani-bang-international-health-award |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=publichealth.jhu.edu |language=en}}</ref>

== Work ==
From 1977 to 1983, Abhay and Rani Bang worked at Chetana Vikas, a Wardha-based rural development nonprofit, founded by Ashok (Abhay's brother) and Suman Bang.<ref>Bang, A. (n.d.). ''BIO DATA OF DR. ABHAY BANG''. <nowiki>https://nirman.mkcl.org/doc/Bio_DrAbhay_and_DrRani_Bang-updated.pdf</nowiki></ref> They encouraged landless agricultural labourers to organize and demand a fair [[minimum wage]] from the Employment Guarantee Scheme, but failed to negotiate a "substantial increase" in the wages. Upon further investigation, Abhay found that a committee appointed by the Maharashtra government had fixed the daily minimum wage of ₹4 based on the assumption that an average adult needs only 1800 calories in a day. Contrarily, the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] recommends between 3,900 and 3,000 for hard labourers. In 1981, Abhay published a critique of the recommendations proposed by a committee, sharing his own calculations of the minimum wage, based on the revised calorie requirements, amounted to ₹12. A year later, the state government raised the minimum wage to ₹12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bang |first=Dr Abhay |date=2018-05-10 |title=Research, for whom? |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/10/medical-research-health-grassroots-communities |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bang |first=Abhay |date=1981 |title=Minimum Wages for Agricultural Labour: A Critique of Page Committee Recommendations |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=16 |issue=35 |pages=1419–1422 |jstor=4370168 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref>

In 1985, the Bangs moved to [[Gadchiroli]] district of Maharashtra. In a former warehouse, they started treating patients and set up the nonprofit Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Gopinath |first=P. Krishna |date=2024-02-28 |title=Headling hearts and minds in Gadchiroli: The inspiring healthcare mission of the Bangs and SEARCH |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/public-health/headling-hearts-and-minds-in-gadchiroli-the-inspiring-healthcare-mission-of-the-bangs-and-search/article67890944.ece |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref> Through SEARCH, they gradually built trust with the local tribals to understand and address their healthcare needs.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopinath |first=P. Krishna |date=2024-02-28 |title=Headling hearts and minds in Gadchiroli: The inspiring healthcare mission of the Bangs and SEARCH |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/public-health/headling-hearts-and-minds-in-gadchiroli-the-inspiring-healthcare-mission-of-the-bangs-and-search/article67890944.ece |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>

=== Infant and child mortality ===
The Bangs started holding regular People's Health Assemblies, allowing local inhabitants to voice their concerns, during which infant mortality emerged as one of the most pressing challenges.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Shetty |first=Priya |date= 2011|title=Rani and Abhay Bang—pioneers of health care in rural India |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60034-2/fulltext |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=377 |issue=9761 |page=199 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60034-2 |pmid=21237388 |issn=0140-6736 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250430200247/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60034-2/fulltext |archive-date=2025-04-30|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Their studies identified [[pneumonia]], [[hypothermia]], [[sepsis]], [[perinatal asphyxia]], and delayed breast feeding as the leading causes of death in infants.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Kirby |first=Tony |date=2021-02-01 |title=Rani Bang—leader in women's reproductive health |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309921000141 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=21 |issue=2 |page=178 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00014-1 |issn=1473-3099|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In response, they decided to implement a home-based neonatal care package to be delivered by a group of rural women trained in the basics of neonatal care. The women were taught how to diagnose pneumonia, resuscitate children, and administer antibiotics, including [[Vitamin K]] injections. Instead of locals travelling long distances to access the nearest hospital, the women (called ''arogyadoots'' or "health messengers") will carry a small health package and visit families in need of medical attention.<ref name=":2" />

In 1988, the Bangs first presented their findings from this community-health initiative in ''[[The Lancet]]'' and faced scepticism regarding ''arogyadoots'' with "low level of education" administering neonatal care.<ref name=":2" /> However, since the inception of their childhood pneumonia management initiative in 1988 and the home-based neonatal programme in 1995, the infant mortality rate in Gadchiroli dropped from 121 per 100,000 live births in 1988 to 80 per 100,000 live births in 1990 and 30 per 100,000 live births by 2003.<ref name=":3" />

The Bangs' neonatal care methods have been adopted by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO), [[UNICEF]], and the Indian Government, and implemented across [[Developing country|low- and middle income countries]] (LMICs), including [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Nepal]], and [[Tanzania]]. In 2017, while hearing a series of [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigations]] (PILs) regarding the increase in "[[malnutrition]]-related deaths and illness" in the [[Melghat]] region of [[Vidarbha]] and surrounding tribal areas, the [[Bombay High Court]] accepted the Bangs' suggestions and recommendations on preventing malnutrition-driven infant and child mortality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-15 |title=What's the point of progress if kids are malnourished, Bombay High Court asks Maha govt |url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/whats-point-progress-if-kids-are-malnourished-bombay-high-court-asks-maha-govt/ |access-date=2026-01-13 |website=SabrangIndia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2017-05-03 |title=HC accepts report on malnutrition |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/hc-accepts-report-on-malnutrition/article18379834.ece |access-date=2026-01-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The court directed the committee responsible for addressing malnutrition to incorporate the [[policy]] making solutions presented in their report, one of which focused on home-based neonatal and child care.<ref name=":4" />

[[File:Dr. Abhay Bang with breath counter.JPG|right|upright|thumb|Abhay Bang with the Breath Counter he designed]]
=== Liquor ban in Gadchiroli district ===
Abhay and Rani Bang were the driving force for the liquor ban in [[Gadchiroli district]]. Gadchiroli is the first district in Maharashtra where liquor has been banned due to public demand. The Bangs initiated a liquor ban campaign in 1990 by informing residents about the negative health [[Health effects of alcohol|effects of alcohol consumption]]. The movement resulted in liquor ban in the district in 1992, being the first example in India of liquor ban due to public demand.{{Clarify|reason=repetitive|date=June 2022}}

In May 2012, Abhay Bang was a member of a panel to study a possible liquor ban in [[Chandrapur district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2012 |title=Liquor panel may suggest ban in Chanda |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Liquor-panel-may-suggest-ban-in-Chanda/articleshow/11854464.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716055406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-12/nagpur/31051719_1_ja-sheikh-manohar-sapre-liquor-ban |archive-date=16 July 2012 |url-status=live |website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> He advocates the need for an [[Alcoholism|alcohol]]-free and [[tobacco]]-free society since, per the 2015 [[Global Burden of Disease Study|Global Burden of Diseases]], alcohol and tobacco are two of the top ten causes of death and disease in India. Abhay Bang is developing a multi-pronged approach named ''Muktipath'' in the district of Gadchiroli to reduce the prevalence of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] and tobacco consumption there.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bang |first=Abhay |title=मृत्युपथ विरुद्ध 'मुक्तिपथ' |url=http://beta1.esakal.com/sampadakiya/dr-abhay-bang-artilce-36780 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325111125/http://beta1.esakal.com/sampadakiya/dr-abhay-bang-artilce-36780 |archive-date=25 March 2017 |access-date=8 April 2017 |website=beta1.esakal.com}}</ref> He also welcomed the [[Supreme Court of India]]'s ban on the location of liquor shops on state and national highways.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bang |first=Abhay |date=2017-03-20 |title=None For The Road |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/none-for-the-road-highway-liquor-ban-drunk-driving-4576589/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Dr. Abhay and Rani Bang 5.JPG|right|thumb|Abhay and Rani Bang]]

=== Reproductive health and maternal care ===
In 1988, Rani Bang conducted a study in two Gadchiroli villages, Wasa and Amirza, to highlight the "large hidden burden of gynaecological diseases" in rural women.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> She found that despite 92% of them experiencing menstrual issues, infections, and infertility, only one in ten women had ever sought medical attention.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Perry/Shodhagram |first=Alex |title=The Listeners |url=https://time.com/archive/6675216/the-listeners/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240624003952/https://time.com/archive/6675216/the-listeners/ |archive-date=2024-06-24 |access-date=2026-01-13 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> In addition, her study uncovered that a prevailing misconception amongst the local pregnant women was that "a well-nourished foetus is lazy and harder to deliver." As a result, they were less likely to take supplements to support foetus growth, but more open to the idea of supporting their own health.<ref name=":3" /> Subsequently, she advocated for a comprehensive reproductive healthcare programme for rural women, training ''aryadoots'' and ''dais'' (traditional [[Doula|''doula'']]''s)'' to become village-level community health workers.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name="dst.gov.in">{{cite web |date=8 March 2008 |title=National Award for Women's Development through application of Science & Technology Conferred on Dr. Rani Bang |url=http://www.dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/national-award-rani-bang.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910135157/http://www.dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/national-award-rani-bang.htm |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=www.dst.gov.in}}</ref>

Rani also discovered that "regressive interpretations of traditions" were commonplace in the tribal communities of Gadchiroli, leading to the mainstreaming of "antiquated concepts" such as ''kurma ghar'' characterized by small huts used to isolate women for the duration of their [[menstrual cycle]].<ref name=":5" /> The huts accommodated three to four women at once and were sometimes in worse conditions than cattle sheds. Within the hut, the stock of period cloths often attracted lizards and mice. Until the end of their menstrual cycle, the women were considered untouchable, expected to cook for themselves, and often repurposed Mahua (''[[Madhuca longifolia]]'') leaves when they ran out of period cloths or pads. While some women embraced ''kurma'' without retaliation because it was their only chance to rest and spend time with friends, others feared "divine retribution" for defying the tradition. Given how "well-entrenched" the practice of ''kurma'' was, the Bangs, instead of attempting to trying to uproot it, decided to "revamp" it instead. They received support from Mukul Madhav Foundation to build upscale versions of ''kurma ghars'' equipped with modern facilities.<ref name=":5" />

Rani's book, ''Putting Women First: Women and Health in a Rural Community'' (2010) documents her experience of addressing reproductive health and childcare issues in rural India.<ref name="TL" />

=== Tribal health ===
Abhay and Rani Bang have worked with the tribal communities in the forest area of [[Gadchiroli]] district in [[Maharashtra]] since 1986. They identified [[malaria]] as the biggest health concern for this population. They sought to increase awareness around using [[insecticide-treated mosquito net]]s as a preventative measure alongside regular medical treatment among the local [[Adivasi]].

They also run a mobile medical unit in the 48 tribal villages in the [[Dhanora]] block of [[Gadchiroli]] district and a network of village volunteers trained in providing primary care in these villages. In July 2017, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] formed a task force to control the spread of malaria in the district of Gadchiroli. Abhay Bang was appointed as the head of this task force which comprises the non-profit SEARCH, [[Sir Ratan Tata Trust|Tata Trusts]], National Institute of Research and Tribal Health (NIRTH) and the Government of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2017 |title=Govt forms task force to tackle malaria in G'chiroli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/govt-forms-task-force-to-tackle-malaria-in-gchiroli/articleshow/59639314.cms |access-date=25 July 2017 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Abhay Bang is currently chairing a 13-member expert committee set up by [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Union Health Ministry]] and the [[Ministry of Tribal Affairs]], tasked with coming out with a nationwide status report on tribal health issues, along with suggesting possible policy formulations. While the "old" problems of malaria, malnutrition, and mortality persist, Abhay Bang emphasizes "new" health issues among the Adivasi, partly caused by outside socio-cultural influences and market forces. Tribal women now list alcohol addiction and tobacco addiction among men as their biggest concern, with over 60 percent of adults in Gadchiroli consuming the latter daily. Combined with an increase in sodium consumption, [[hypertension]] rates have been increasing in these communities, according to Bang.

=== NIRMAN ===
Started in 2006, NIRMAN brings together a group of youth aged between 18 and 28 years who are looking to give meaning to their lives. Abhay and Rani Bang's younger son, Amrut currently manages it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2012 |title=Where youth's discussions veer to country-building |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/where-youths-discussions-veer-to-country-building/articleshow/15084938.cms |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

NIRMAN looks at identifying and nurturing young social change-makers in Maharashtra. It is an educational process to train the youth to take up crucial issues and problems in the society. It provides guidance, expertise, and an environment to inculcate self-learning and encourages youth for social action. NIRMAN includes a series of 3 camps, each separated by 6 months. A group of NIRMAN participants will go through 3 camps in a period of one year. A camp generally runs for 7–10 days at SEARCH, Gadchiroli with a view encourage young Indian students to step out of their generally secure urban surroundings into the world of rural and tribal Indians to help them come face to face with the nation's plethora of social issues, and with people working hard to solve them.

NIRMAN is a learning process based on ''[[Nai Talim]]'' way of education introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. It believes in [[problem-based learning]] instead of classroom-based learning.<ref>{{cite web |title=About NIRMAN |url=http://www.nirman.mkcl.org/aboutnirman.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907113722/http://nirman.mkcl.org/aboutnirman.htm |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=17 October 2015 |website=www.nirman.mkcl.org}}</ref> This initiative is providing a common platform for youth to engage, self-educate and decide on how they can make a difference to the society.

Abhay thinks that it is important to make the present generation of doctors think about social challenges. "All doctors can earn enough to make a decent living and they must think about the purpose of their lives. Change will happen the moment they start contemplating." He believes that medical students should regularly be given rural or tribal stints as part of their curriculum so that they are exposed to the real challenges. He thinks that it is equally important to reward doctors who shun the charm of corporate world to serve the real people in need.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2015 |title=Doc couple with heart for neglected |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/doc-couple-with-heart-for-neglected/articleshow/49121334.cms |access-date=31 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Non-communicable diseases ===
Abhay and Rani Bang and their team at SEARCH work on [[non-communicable disease]]s, as those are emerging as a priority area. A study conducted by SEARCH in 86 villages of Gadchiroli district has shown that rural people are affected by lifestyle diseases like [[stroke]] which emerged as the most frequent cause of death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-16 |title=Strokes are major cause of death in Gadchiroli tribals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/strokes-are-major-cause-of-death-in-gadchiroli-tribals/articleshow/48090816.cms |access-date=2026-01-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> One-in-seven (14%) deaths in these villages occurs due to stroke, showing that places like Gadchiroli are now passing through an 'epidemiological transition'. 87.3% stroke deaths occurred at home, indicating that rural people do not approach hospitals for treatment. Taking the study ahead, the SEARCH team now plans to test village-based solutions to minimize deaths caused due to stroke in Gadchiroli villages in collaboration with the UK's [[Wellcome Trust]] and the [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India. Yogeshwar Kalkonde – Neurologist and Senior Research Officer at SEARCH – is the main author of the study. The team also included three young MBBS doctors from NIRMAN. The study was published in July 2015 in ''Stroke'', an international journal published by the American Stroke and Heart Association,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrivastav |first=Snehlata |date=16 July 2015 |title=Strokes are major cause of death in Gadchiroli tribals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/strokes-are-major-cause-of-death-in-gadchiroli-tribals/articleshow/48090816.cms |access-date=31 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and was presented at the 5th International Conference on Neurology and Epidemiology, held between 18 and 20 November 2015 in [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icne2015.com/en/icne2015-programme-committees/programme|title=Programme - Programmer & Committees - ICNE 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208110905/http://www.icne2015.com/en/icne2015-programme-committees/programme|archive-date=8 December 2015|access-date=1 December 2015}}</ref>

In a study published in ''Economic and Political Weekly'', Bang and SEARCH team members showed that the rural and tribal district of [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]] was spending approximately {{INR|73.4}} [[crore]] annually on consuming tobacco and related products.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bang |first1=Abhay |last2=Shah |first2=Dharav |last3=Deshmukh |first3=Mahesh |last4=Sawalkar |first4=Santosh |last5=Kalkonde |first5=Yogeshwar |date=2013 |title=Tobacco vs Development: Private Spending on Tobacco in Gadchiroli District |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2013/05/commentary/tobacco-vs-development.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |language=en |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=7–8 |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref> More than 50% of the population was consuming tobacco. SEARCH has been conducting programs to spread awareness regarding the ill effects of [[tobacco]] use and providing [[Drug rehabilitation|de-addiction services]]. The Maharashtra state government has formed a 12-member task force under chief minister [[Devendra Fadnavis]] for creating awareness about ill effects of using tobacco products and Abhay Bang is an advisor in the force. It will concentrate on Gadchiroli district for the first three years (2015–2018). A committee has also been constituted under the Gadchiroli [[District magistrate|District Collector]] for implementing the plans devised by the task force. A representative of Bang's organization SEARCH will be a member of the committee. According to Bang, spread of information and awareness for prevention, initiation of village committees and urban ward committees, implementation of laws and regulations, treatment for de-addiction, counselling via NGOs and stimulation of an alcohol and tobacco free environment in government offices, schools, colleges, markets etc., will be the methods used by the task force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2016 |title=Task force set up to fight tobacco abuse |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/task-force-set-up-to-fight-tobacco-abuse/articleshow/50583559.cms |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Surgical care ===
Abhay Bang and Rani Bang, through their organization SEARCH, built the Maa Danteshwari Hospital for the rural and tribal people of Gadchiroli. Along with [[Outpatient department|OPD]] and [[Inpatient care|IPD care]], a variety of surgeries are also conducted in this setup. Doctors from throughout the state of Maharashtra come and operate in this setup. Shekhar Bhojraj, a [[Orthopedic surgery|spine surgeon]] from Mumbai, and his team of 6-8 other spine surgeons have been associated with SEARCH for more than 10 years and have conducted more than 100 spine surgeries in Gadchiroli.{{cn|date=November 2025}} In August 2016, when Rani Bang was to undergo [[Neurosurgery|spinal surgery]] herself, she too was operated in the SEARCH hospital by Shekhar Bhojraj and his wife Shilpa, an anaesthetist in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2016 |title=Dr Rani Bang undergoes spine surgery at Gadchiroli's SEARCH hospital |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/dr-rani-bang-undergoes-spine-surgery-at-gadchirolis-search-hospital/articleshow/53918334.cms |access-date=30 August 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
Apart from being the founder-directors of SEARCH, Abhay and Rani Bang have served on various national and state level committees. Some of them are as follows:

* Chairman, Expert Group to Plan Health Care for Tribal Populations in India, [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]], Government of India<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Council of Medical Research DG calls for new researches on tribal health |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/indian-council-of-medical-research-dg-calls-for-new-researches-on-tribal-health/articleshow/49335311.cms |access-date=14 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Veda |first=Gunjan |date=2015-11-28 |title=Taking health care to tribal heartland |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/taking-health-care-to-tribal-heartland/article7927736.ece |access-date=9 December 2015 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Expert member, Central Health Council, Apex Body of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2016 |title=Bang on Central health council |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/bang-on-central-health-council/articleshow/52017255.cms |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615030726/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/bang-on-central-health-council/articleshow/52017255.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Member, National Rural Health Mission Steering Group, Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission Steering Group for NRHM holds 8th Meeting Hib Vaccines to be introduced in 6 more States Uniform Branding of MMUs as "Rashtriya Mobile Medical Unit" More Incentives to ASHAs Approved |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=82307 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
* Member, High Level Expert Group on Universal Health Care, [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]], Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=UHC India |url=http://www.uhc-india.org/about_hleg_members.php |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=www.uhc-india.org |archive-date=4 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004000449/http://www.uhc-india.org/about_hleg_members.php |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* Member, National Commission on Macro-economics and Health, Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2005 |title=Report of the National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health |url=https://www.who.int/macrohealth/action/Report%20of%20the%20National%20Commission.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324040831/https://www.who.int/macrohealth/action/Report%20of%20the%20National%20Commission.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2006 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=www.who.int}}</ref>
* Member, [[Kelkar committee on PPP in India|Kelkar Committee]] on 'Regional Imbalance and Balanced Regional Development', Government of Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhagwat |first=Ramu |date=24 December 2014 |title=Kelkar report seeks 10% rise in funds for Vidarbha {{!}} Nagpur News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/kelkar-report-seeks-10-rise-in-funds-for-vidarbha/articleshow/45622873.cms |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Ashish |date=3 September 2016 |title='Kelkar report not biased against any region' {{!}} Nagpur News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/kelkar-report-not-biased-against-any-region/articleshow/53991286.cms |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Kelkar-report-not-biased-against-any-region/articleshow/53991286.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Member, Audit Advisory Board, Comptroller and Auditor General, Government of India<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Dr Abhay Bang appointed on CAG's audit advisory board |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news/41937629_1_cag-maharashtra-bhushan-audit-advisory-board |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915173132/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news/41937629_1_cag-maharashtra-bhushan-audit-advisory-board |archive-date=15 September 2013 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
* Chairman, Child Mortality Evaluation Committee, Govt. of Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2004 |title=Report indicts Maharashtra govt for malnutrition deaths |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/report-indicts-maharashtra-govt-for-malnutrition-deaths/articleshow/963982.cms |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* Member, National ASHA Mentoring Group, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=National ASHA Mentoring Group |url=http://nrhm.gov.in/communitisation/asha/minutes-of-asha-mentoring-group.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103052757/http://nrhm.gov.in/communitisation/asha/minutes-of-asha-mentoring-group.html |archive-date=3 November 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=nrhm.gov.in}}</ref>
* Member, High Level Committee on Status of Tribal Communities, Govt. of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Composition of New Committee:High Level Committee on status of tribal Communities |url=http://hlc.tribal.nic.in/content/2_1_CompositionofNewCommittee.aspx?format=Print |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820172541/http://hlc.tribal.nic.in/content/2_1_CompositionofNewCommittee.aspx?format=Print |archive-date=20 August 2014 |access-date=14 October 2015 }}</ref>
* Member, National Commission on Population, Govt. of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Award for Women's Development through Application of Science & Technology conferred on Dr. Rani Bang |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=36126 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019221257/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=36126 |archive-date=19 October 2017 |access-date=14 October 2015 |website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>
* Member, Steering Committee, Tropical Disease Research, World Health Organization, Geneva<ref name="SEARCH">{{Cite web |title=Abhay Bang & Rani Bang |url=http://www.searchgadchiroli.org/position.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120212223/http://www.searchgadchiroli.org/position.html |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=17 October 2015 |website=www.searchgadchiroli.org}}</ref>
* Member, Advisory Board, Saving New-born Lives Initiative, [[Save the Children USA|Save the Children, US]]<ref name="SEARCH" />
* Member, Committee on 'Improving Birth Outcome in Developing Countries' constituted by the Global Board on Health, [[National Academy of Sciences]], US<ref name="SEARCH" />
* Member, Scientist Advisory Board, [[Indian Council of Medical Research]], New Delhi<ref name="SEARCH" />
* Member, National Expert Group on Health for planning the 10th National Five Year Plan, Govt. of India<ref name="SEARCH" />
* Member, Governing Board, National Population Stabilization Fund, India<ref name="SNDT" />
* Member, Planning Commission's Task Force on Panchayat Raj in Health<ref name="SNDT" />
* Member, WHO Review Committee on Anti-fertility Vaccines<ref name="SNDT" />
* Member, WHO Review Committee on Measuring Reproductive Morbidity<ref name="SNDT" />
* Member, Governing Body of IIHMR (Indian Institute of Health Management and Research)<ref name="SNDT" />
* Member, Institute of Medicine U.S. Committee on Improving Pregnancy Outcome in Underdeveloped Countries (2000 - 2001)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Biodata |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/aboutus/committee/Presentation/AbhayBang/Bang_Profile.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502034855/http://planningcommission.gov.in/aboutus/committee/Presentation/AbhayBang/Bang_Profile.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2012 |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=planningcommission.gov.in}}</ref>

== Selected publications{{Anchor|Authored books, essays, letters}} ==

[[File:Dr. Abhay and Rani Bang 2.jpg|right|thumb|Abhay and Rani Bang]]

=== Books ===

==== In Marathi ====
In *''माझा साक्षात्कारी हृदयरोग Majha Sakshatkari Hridayarog, Abhay Bang has written about his own experiences during his [[BDORT|heart disease]] and the learning he has gained from it. The book won the Kelkar Award for the Best Literary Book in Marathi, 2000.''

Rani Bang's ''गोईण (Goin)'' describes the relationship of tribal women with various trees in Gadchiroli district. It won the Literary Award of the Government of Maharashtra. ''Goin'' means ''Friend'' in the [[Gondi language]] of tribal people. Her book ''कानोसा (Kanosa)'' delves into the perceptions of [[rural women]] regarding various issues of [[Reproductive health care for incarcerated women in the United States|reproductive health]].

==== In English ====
*''Putting Women First: Women and Health in a Rural Community'' - Rani Bang published in 2010.

==== In Tamil ====
* என் மாயாஜாலப் பள்ளி (தன்னறம் வெளியீடு) - Tamil translation of ''My Magic School.''{{Verify spelling|date=June 2022}}

=== Essays and letters ===

* ''Meeting the Mahatma'' by Abhay Bang, published in English Kumar Bharti Textbook of Class 9 of [[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]].
* ''My Magical School'' by Abhay Bang, which was translated in English by [[Arvind Gupta (toy inventor)|Arvind Gupta]].
* ''Sevagram to Shodhgram'' by Abhay Bang, which was also translated in English by Arvind Gupta.
* ''A Postcard from Dr Abhay Bang: Vidarbha, Marathwada deserve your maximum attention, CM Fadnavis'', an open letter to the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis, urging him to act on balanced development of [[Vidarbha]] and [[Marathwada]] regions of Maharashtra and to take steps to reduce liquor consumption in the state.

==Awards and honors==

The Bangs won the [[Maharashtra Bhushan|Maharashtra Bhushan Award]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bang |first1=Abhay T |last2=Bang |first2=Rani A |last3=Baitule |first3=Sanjay B |last4=Reddy |first4=M Hanimi |last5=Deshmukh |first5=Mahesh D |date=4 December 1999 |title=Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India |url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)03046-9/fulltext |journal=The Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9194 |pages=1955–1961 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(99)03046-9 |pmid=10622298 |access-date=17 June 2014 |s2cid=27157242|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and have been awarded [[honorary doctorate]]s from the [[Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences]] in Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2015 |title=PGI ने मनाया 20वां दीक्षांत समारोह, वीमेन हेल्थ इश्यूज पर हुई चर्चा |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-LUCK-governor-ram-naik-join-convocation-of-sgpgi-in-lucknow-5125333-PHO.html?seq=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101235/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/UP-LUCK-governor-ram-naik-join-convocation-of-sgpgi-in-lucknow-5125333-PHO.html?seq=1 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |website=www.bhaskar.com }}</ref>

[[SNDT Women's University]] in [[Mumbai]] has also awarded a doctorate ''[[Honorary degree|honoris causa]]'' to Rani Bang.<ref name="SNDT">{{Cite web |title=S.N.D.T. Women's University |url=http://sndt.ac.in/convocation/dr-rani-bang.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121232115/http://sndt.ac.in/convocation/dr-rani-bang.htm |archive-date=21 January 2013 |website=sndt.ac.in}}</ref> Medical journal ''[[The Lancet]]'' described the couple as "the pioneers of healthcare in rural India."<ref name="Honor">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2011 |title=The Lancet honor for Bang couple |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/The-Lancet-honour-for-Bang-couple/articleshow/7279436.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930173659/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/The-Lancet-honour-for-Bang-couple/articleshow/7279436.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, Abhay and Rani Bang were recipients of the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Department of International Health at the [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distinguished Alumnus/a Award {{!}} Alumni Association |url=https://alumni.jhu.edu/about/alumni-association-awards/distinguished-alumnus-award |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=alumni.jhu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=लोकसत्ता टीम |date=2 April 2016 |title=डॉ. राणी व डॉ. अभय बंग यांना जॉन्स हॉपकिन्स विद्यापीठाचा पुरस्कार |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra/dr-rani-and-dr-abhay-bang-get-johns-hopkins-university-award-1222248/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> They were also inducted into the Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Affairs |url=https://facultyaffairs.jhu.edu/accolades/sos/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en}}</ref> for their leadership in community-based health care focusing on newborns and children. The Bangs have contributed to the development of community-based primary healthcare in India.<ref name="jhsph.edu">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Award |url=http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/international-center-for-maternal-and-newborn-health/bangs.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728144859/https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/international-center-for-maternal-and-newborn-health/bangs.htm |archive-date=28 July 2013 |website=www.jhsph.edu}}</ref>

Rani Bang was one of the principal speakers in the Tietze symposium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1990. She served as a consultant to the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) for Reproductive health, International Women's Health Advocates on Microbiologist (IWHAM)'s 10th Five Year Plan Maharashtra Health and Nutrition Committee Member. She was nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 2003 as a member of 1,000 women worldwide for peace prize.<ref name="SNDT" />

Rani Bang has worked on women's [[reproductive health]] issues, [[sexually transmitted diseases]], [[AIDS prevention|AIDS control]], [[alcoholism]], tribal health, and adolescent [[sexual health]].{{cn|date=November 2025}} She conducts [[sex education]] sessions called ''Tarunyabhaan'' for adolescents and teenagers across Maharashtra.<ref name="sakaaltimes.com">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2010 |title='Tarunyabhaan', a workshop on sex education |url=http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4835353079283494239 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518234852/http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=4835353079283494239 |archive-date=18 May 2016 |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=www.sakaaltimes.com}}</ref>

In 2008, [[Pratibha Patil]], President of India, presented Rani Bang with the National Award for Women's Development through Application of Science & Technology for her "outstanding and pioneering contribution" to the improvement of women's health in rural areas through "innovative" and people-centered research.<ref name="dst.gov.in" />

=== 1980s ===
* [[Ashoka Fellowship]], 1985<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abhay Bang {{!}} Ashoka {{!}} Everyone a Change maker |url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/abhay-bang |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=www.ashoka.org |language=en-us}}</ref>

=== 1990s ===
* Mahatma Gandhi Award for Humanitarian Service,<ref name=":0" /> 1994{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
* Seshadri Gold Medal, [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] for outstanding research in community medicine, 1996<ref name=":0" />

=== 2000s ===
* The Kelkar Award for the best literary book in Marathi, 2000<ref name=":0" />
* Vivekanand Manava Sewa Award, 2002<ref name=":0" />
* Satpal Mittal Award for Population, Indian Association of Parliamentarians, New Delhi, 2002<ref name=":0" />
* Ramshastri Prabhune Puraskar for Social Justice, [[Satara (city)|Satara]], 2002<ref name=":0" />
* [[Maharashtra Bhushan Award]], the highest state honor of the Government of Maharashtra, 2003<ref name="SNDT" />
* The Global Health Heroes, [[Time (magazine)|''Time'' magazine]], 2005<ref>[http://www.searchgadchiroli.org/PDF%20files/global.pdf Poster of Duke Global Health Institute on the website of SEARCH] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006150556/http://www.searchgadchiroli.org/PDF%20files/global.pdf|date=6 October 2011}}</ref>
* [[Nari Shakti Puraskar|Stree Shakti Puraskar]], [[Ministry of Women & Child Development]], Government of India, 2005<ref name="SNDT" />
* Navratna Puraskar, [[DD Sahyadri|Doordarshan Sahyadri Channel]], Mumbai, 2005<ref name=":0" />
* [[MacArthur Foundation]] International Award, 2006<ref name="MAA">{{Cite web |date=18 December 2006 |title=Abhay Bang, SEARCH on MacArthur Award |url=https://www.macfound.org/videos/abhay-bang-search-on-macarthur-award |website=MacArthur Foundation |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615030723/https://www.macfound.org/videos/abhay-bang-search-on-macarthur-award |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]], 2006<ref name="Jamnalal Bajaj Award">{{cite web |date=2015 |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Award |url=https://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2006/women-and-child-welfare/smt-rani-abhay-bang |access-date=13 October 2015 |publisher=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation}}</ref>
* National Award for Women's Development through application of Science & Technology, Government of India, 2007<ref name="dst.gov.in" />
* Bapu Award, Gandhi National Memorial Society, Pune, 2009<ref name=":0" />

=== 2010s ===
* Society of Scholars, Johns Hopkins University, US, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Society of Scholars, 1969 to Present |url=http://web.jhu.edu/commencement/honorees/scholall.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821062447/http://web.jhu.edu/commencement/honorees/scholall.html |archive-date=21 August 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015}}</ref>
* First Distinguished Alumni Award, Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni Award |url=https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/international-center-for-maternal-and-newborn-health/bangs.htm |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |language=en}}</ref>
* Social Impact Award, ''[[Times of India]]'', 2015<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Sunil |date=9 March 2015 |title=TOI Social Impact Awards 2015: 'Search' light shines on tribal lives |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/toi-social-impact-awards-2015-search-light-shines-on-tribal-lives/articleshow/46497567.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* Dr. Wankar Memorial Lifetime Achievement Award, [[Indian Medical Association]], 2015<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwalani |first=Payal |date=19 October 2015 |title=Don't avoid rural service, Devendra Fadnavis tells docs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/dont-avoid-rural-service-devendra-fadnavis-tells-docs/articleshow/49445066.cms |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* Public Health Champions Award for Outstanding Contribution to Public Health in India, WHO India, 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO India honors public health champions |url=http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/world_health_day/PHC_Awards_2016/en/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415210152/http://www.searo.who.int/india/mediacentre/events/world_health_day/PHC_Awards_2016/en/ |archive-date=15 April 2016 |access-date=8 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrivastav |first=Snehlata |date=9 April 2016 |title=Chela gets award along with guru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/chela-gets-award-along-with-guru/articleshow/51749275.cms |access-date=9 April 2016 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India, 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS PRESS NOTE |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards2018_E_25012018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070641/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/PadmaAwards2018_E_25012018.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2018 |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=mha.nic.in}}</ref>
* Iconic Changemaker Award, ''[[The Hindu]]'', 2018<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhavan |first=N. |date=16 March 2018 |title='We deliberately chose to go where the problems are' |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blchangemakers/we-deliberately-chose-to-go-where-the-problems-are/article23275050.ece |access-date=15 June 2022 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Mahatma Gandhi Manava Seva Puraskar, [[Mahatma Gandhi College|M. G. College]], [[Armori]], 2019<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health">{{cite web | url=http://searchforhealth.ngo/founders | title=Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health }}</ref>
* Degree of Literature (D.Litt.) [[Honorary degree|Honoris Causa]] from [[Maharashtra University of Health Sciences]], Nashik at Mumbai by Hon. Chief Minister Maharashtra, 2019<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health"/>
* Shahu, Phule, Ambedkar, Award, 2019<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health"/>

=== 2020 ===
* J.R.D. Tata Award for Excellence in Public Service, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's 370 mn youth will drive its future: Ratan Tata |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/indias-370-mn-youth-will-drive-its-future-ratan-tata/1747616 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229101836/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/indias-370-mn-youth-will-drive-its-future-ratan-tata/1747616 |archive-date=29 February 2020 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>
* JRD Tata Award by [[Ratan Tata]] from [[Population Foundation of India]], New Delhi, 2020<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health"/>
* Achievement Award in Science Field from Vanita Samaj, Mumbai, 2020<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health"/>
* D.Sc. Degree from [[Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences]], Loni, Dist. [[Ahmednagar]], 2020<ref name="Founders {{pipe}} Search for Health"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Abhay Bang}}
* [http://arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/sevagramtoshodgram.pdf ''Sevagram to Shodgram''], a speech by Abhay Bang
*[http://searchforhealth.ngo SEARCH website]
* [http://nirman.mkcl.org/ NIRMAN website]

{{Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Authority control|additional=auto}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bang, Abhay and Rani}}
[[Category:Married couples]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan Award]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian health activists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Social workers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Women educators from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Educators from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scientists from Nagpur]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Public health researchers]]
[[Category:People in public health]]
[[Category:Indian people in public health]]
[[Category:Indian public health doctors]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Indian social workers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri]]

India at the 1998 Asian Games

2026-03-27T15:33:28Z

AhmadFosbery49: typo fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox country at games
| NOC = IND
| NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| oldcode =
| year = 1998
| date =
| games = Asian Games
| location = [[Bangkok]]
| competitors =
| sports =
| flagbearer =
| officials =
| gold = 7
| silver = 11
| bronze = 17
| rank = 9
| appearances = auto
| seealso =
| website =
}}

'''India''' competed at the '''[[1998 Asian Games]]''' held in [[Bangkok]], Thailand. India ranked 9th with 7 Gold medals, 11 Silver medals and 17 Bronze medals.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sadec.com/Asiad98/medal.html| title=XIII Asian Games, Bangkok (ASIAD 98)| access-date=15 October 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020033441/http://www.sadec.com/Asiad98/medal.html| archive-date=20 October 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Medals by sport==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=200|Sport
! style="background-color:gold" width=60 | Gold || style="background-color:silver" width=60 | Silver || style="background-color:#cc9966" width=60 | Bronze
! width=60|Total
|-
|align=left| [[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games|Athletics]] || 2 || 6 || 7 || 15
|-
|align=left| [[Cue sports at the 1998 Asian Games|Cue Sports]] || 2 || 1 || 1 || 4
|-
|align=left| [[Boxing at the 1998 Asian Games|Boxing]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2
|-
|align=left| [[Equestrian at the 1998 Asian Games|Equestrian]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|align=left| [[Field hockey at the 1998 Asian Games|Hockey]] || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|align=left| [[Kabaddi at the 1998 Asian Games|Kabaddi]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|align=left| [[Rowing at the 1998 Asian Games|Rowing]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2
|-
|align=left| [[Shooting at the 1998 Asian Games|Shooting]] || 0 || 2 || 1 || 3
|-
|align=left| [[Tennis at the 1998 Asian Games|Tennis]] || 0 || 0 || 4 || 4
|-
|align=left| [[Weightlifting at the 1998 Asian Games|Weightlifting]] || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1
|-

! Total || 7 || 11 || 17 || 35
|}

==Medalists==

===Gold (7) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Medal
!|Sportsperson
!|Games
!|Event
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| Jyotirmoy Sikdhar
|| Athletics
|| 1500 m
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| [[Jyotirmoy Sikdhar]]
|| Athletics
|| 800 m
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| [[Geet Sethi]] and [[Ashok Shandilya]] || [[Billiards]] || Doubles
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| [[Ashok Shandilya]] || [[Billiards]] || Singles
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| Ngangom [[Dingko Singh]] || [[Boxing]] || 54 kg
|-
||{{Gold1}} || [[India men's national field hockey team|Hockey team]] || [[Field Hockey|Hockey]] || Men
|-
||{{Gold1}}
|| [[India national kabaddi team|Kabaddi team]] || [[Kabaddi]] || Men
|}

===Silver (11)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Medal
!|Sportsperson
!|Games
!|Event
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Anil Kumar
||Athletics
||Shot Put
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Shakti Singh
||Athletics
||Discus Throw
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Rosa Kutty
||Athletics
||800M Race
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Sunita Rani
||Athletics
||5000M Race
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Lijo David, P. Ramachandra, Jata Shankar,ParamJeet Singh
||Athletics
||Men's 4*400M Relay
|-
||{{Silver2}}
||Jincy Philit, Jyotimoyee Sikadar, Rosa Kutty, K.M Beenamol
||Athletics
||Women's 4*400M Relay
|-

===Bronze (17)===
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==Athletics==
===Men===

Track & road events
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heats
!colspan=2|Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Paramjit Singh (sprinter)|Paramjit Singh]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 400 metres|400 m]]
|46.68
|1 '''Q'''
|46.37
|2 '''Q'''
|45.93
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Bahadur Prasad]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 1500 metres|1500 m]]
|3:51.00
|3 '''Q'''
|colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|3:41.58
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]]
|colspan="4" rowspan=2 {{n/a}}
|14:48.85
|8
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Gulab Chand]]
|13:59.20
|4
|-
|align=left |[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 10,000 metres|10000 m]]
|colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|29:10.53
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|[[Lijo David Thottan]] [[Purukottam Ramachandran]] [[Paramjit Singh (sprinter)|Paramjit Singh]] [[Jata Shankar]]
|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 400 metres hurdles|4 × 400 m relay]]
|3:04.86
|2 '''Q'''
|colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|3:02.62 SB
|{{silver2}}
|-
|}

Field events
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Anil Kumar]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's discus throw|Discus Throw]]
|58.43
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Ajit Bhaduria]]
|54.03
|6
|-
|align=left|[[Shakti Singh (athlete)|Shakti Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's shot put|Shot Put]]
|18.81
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Bahadur Singh Sagoo]]
|18.21
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Satbir Singh (athlete)|Satbir Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's javelin throw|Javelin Throw]]
|75.21
|6
|-
|align=left|[[Jagdish Bishnoi]]
|72.03
|8
|-
|}

=== Women ===
Track & road events
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Heats
!colspan=2|Semifinal
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Rachita Mistry]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 100 metres|100 m]]
|11.46
|2'''Q'''
|colspan=2 {{n/a}}
|11.41
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[P.T. Usha]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 200 metres|200 m]]
|24.27
|4
|colspan=4|did not advance
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 400 metres|400 m]]
|54.63
|4 '''Q'''
|rowspan=2 colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|54.37
|6
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Rosa Kutty]]
|54.06
|1 '''Q'''
|54.55
|4
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|800 m]]
|2.05.77
|1 '''Q'''
|rowspan=2 colspan="2" {{n/a}}
|2.03.00
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Jyotirmoyee Sikdar]]
|2:07.41
|1 '''Q'''
|2.01.00
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]]
|rowspan=2 colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|4:12.81
|{{gold1}}
|-
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Sunita Rani]]
|4:13.66
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]]
|colspan="4" {{n/a}}
|15:54.47
|{{silver2}}
|-
|align=left|[[Rachita Mistry]] [[P.T. Usha]] [[Valdivel Jayalakshmi]] [[E.B. Shyla]] 
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m Relay]]
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|44.77
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Jincy Phillip]] [[Jyotirmoyee Sikdar]] [[Rosa Kutty]] [[K.M. Beenamol]] 
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4 × 400 m Relay]]
|colspan=4 {{n/a}}
|3:32.20
|{{silver2}}
|-
|}

Field events
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athletes
!rowspan=2|Event
!colspan=2|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
|-
|align=left|[[Neelam Jaswant Singh]]
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's discus throw|Discus Throw]]
|55.09
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Swarnjeet Kaur]]
|51.46
|4
|-
|align=left|[[Gurmeet Kaur]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's javelin throw|Javelin Throw]]
|59.00
|{{bronze3}}
|-
|align=left|[[Lekha Thomas]]
|align=left|[[Athletics at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's triple jump|Triple Jump]]
|13.05
|9
|}

==Medal Tally==
{| class=wikitable
! Rank
! NOC
! style="background:gold;"| Gold
! style="background:silver;"|Silver
! style="background:#c96;"|Bronze
! Total
|- style="text-align:center;"
|9||{{IND}} || 7 || 11 || 17 || 35
|}

==Football==
===Men===
====Team====
Coach: [[Syed Nayeemuddin]]

{{National football squad start (no caps)}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Juje Siddi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1973|1|15}} |club=[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[K. V. Dhanesh]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1973|2|13}} |club=[[FC Kochin|Kochin]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Franky Barreto]]|age= |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Roberto Fernandez (footballer, born 1971)|Roberto Fernandez]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1971|11|2}} |club=[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Jiju Jacob]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1967|12|25}} |club=[[SBI Kerala (football team)|State Bank of Travancore]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Shanmugam Venkatesh]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1978|11|21}} |club=[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Basudeb Mondal]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1974|7|6}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=8|pos=FW|name=[[Syed Sabir Pasha]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1972|11|5}} |club=[[Indian Bank Recreational Club|Indian Bank]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Raman Vijayan]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1973|6|4}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[I. M. Vijayan]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1969|4|25}} |club=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Jo Paul Ancheri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1975|8|2}} |club=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Debjit Ghosh]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1974|2|23}} |club=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=13|pos=GK|name=[[Feroz Sherif]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1971|5|22}} |club=[[SBI Kerala (football team)|State Bank of Travancore]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Carlton Chapman]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1971|4|13}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=15|pos=FW|name=[[Bhaichung Bhutia]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1976|12|15}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=16|pos=DF|name=[[Anit Ghosh]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1977|3|24}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Abdul Khalique]]|age= |club=[[Bengal Mumbai FC|Bengal Mumbai]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Tushar Rakshit]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1968|2|4}} |club=[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Shamsi Reza]]|age= |club=[[Mahindra United F.C.|Mahindra & Mahindra]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=21|pos=GK|name=[[Hemanta Dora]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1973|12|4}} |club=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]|clubnat=IND}}
{{National football squad end}}

====Preliminary round====
<section begin=C />{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|team1=JPN|name_JPN={{fb|JPN|1947}}
|team2=IND|name_IND={{fb|IND}}
|team3=NEP|name_NEP={{fb|NEP}}
|win_JPN=2|draw_JPN=0|loss_JPN=0|gf_JPN=6|ga_JPN=0
|win_IND=1|draw_IND=0|loss_IND=1|gf_IND=1|ga_IND=1
|win_NEP=0|draw_NEP=0|loss_NEP=2|gf_NEP=0|ga_NEP=6
|col_A=#ccffcc
|result1=A|result2=A
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames98.html RSSSF]
}}<section end=C />

{{football box
|date=3 December
|time= 15:30
|team1={{fb-rt|JPN|1947}}
|score=1–0
|team2={{fb|IND}}
|goals1=[[Kenji Fukuda|Fukuda]] {{goal|55}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Trang Municipality Stadium|Trang Stadium]], [[Trang, Thailand|Trang]]
}}
----
{{football box
|date=5 December
|time= 15:30
|team1={{fb-rt|IND}}
|score=1–0
|team2={{fb|NEP}}
|goals1=[[Carlton Chapman|Chapman]] {{goal|46}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Trang Municipality Stadium|Trang Stadium]], [[Trang, Thailand|Trang]]
}}

====Second round====

<section begin=S1 />{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|team1=UZB|name_UZB={{fb|UZB}}
|team2=TKM|name_TKM={{fb|TKM|1997}}
|team3=PRK|name_PRK={{fb|PRK}}
|team4=IND|name_IND={{fb|IND}}
|win_UZB=2|draw_UZB=1|loss_UZB=0|gf_UZB=7|ga_UZB=1
|win_TKM=1|draw_TKM=2|loss_TKM=0|gf_TKM=5|ga_TKM=4
|win_PRK=1|draw_PRK=1|loss_PRK=1|gf_PRK=3|ga_PRK=5
|win_IND=0|draw_IND=0|loss_IND=3|gf_IND=2|ga_IND=7
|col_A=#ccffcc
|result1=A|result2=A
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/asgames98.html RSSSF]
}}<section end=S1 />
{{football box
|date=7 December
|time= 15:00
|team1={{fb-rt|TKM|1997}}
|score=3–2
|team2={{fb|IND}}
|goals1=[[Dmitriý Neželew|Neželew]] {{goal|39}} [[Muslim Agaýew|Agaýew]] {{goal|49}} [[Igor Kislov|Kislow]] {{goal|74}}
|goals2=[[I. M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|83}} [[Tushar Rakshit|Rakshit]] {{goal|87}}
|stadium=[[Supachalasai Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
}}
----
{{football box
|date=9 December
|time= 17:00
|team1={{fb-rt|IND}}
|score=0–2
|team2={{fb|UZB}}
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Igor Shkvyrin|Shkvyrin]] {{goal|35}} [[Shuhrat Rahmonqulov|Rahmonqulov]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium=[[Supachalasai Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
}}
----
{{football box
|date=11 December
|time= 15:00
|team1={{fb-rt|IND}}
|score=0–2
|team2={{fb|PRK}}
|goals1=
|goals2=[[So Min-chol]] {{goal|11}} Ju Song-il {{goal|73}}
|stadium=[[Supachalasai Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
}}

===Women===
Coach: [[S. Arumainayagam]]<ref>{{cite web |title=IOA finalises 22 disciplines for Asiad |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/ioa-finalises-22-disciplines-for-asiad/lite/ |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=20 November 2020 |date=11 November 1998}}</ref>

{{National football squad start (no caps)}}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Bentla D'Coth]]|age={{birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1969|5|29}} |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Binshori Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Chaitali Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Chaoba Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Khambi Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Kumari Devi (footballer)|Kumari Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Lokeshwari Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Oinam Bembem Devi]]|age={{birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1980|3|1}} |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=GK|name=[[Rabita Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=FW|name=[[S. Rani Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Thongam Tababi Devi|Tababi Devi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Ezhilarasi]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Sujata Kar]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=FW|name=[[Gurmeet Kaur (footballer)|Gurmeet Kaur]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Gracye Pereira]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=DF|name=[[Maria Rebello]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Sradhanjali Samantaray]]|age={{birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|12|6|1978|6|20}} |club= }}
{{National football squad player (no caps)|no=|pos=MF|name=[[Alpana Sil]]|age= |club= }}
{{National football squad end}}

====Preliminary round====
<section begin=B />{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|team1=CHN|name_CHN={{fbw|CHN|name=China}}
|team2=TPE|name_TPE={{fbw|TPE}}
|team3=KOR|name_KOR={{fbw|KOR|1997}}
|team4=IND|name_IND={{fbw|IND}}
|win_CHN=3|draw_CHN=0|loss_CHN=0|gf_CHN=24|ga_CHN=0
|win_TPE=1|draw_TPE=1|loss_TPE=1|gf_TPE=14|ga_TPE=7
|win_KOR=1|draw_KOR=1|loss_KOR=1|gf_KOR=8|ga_KOR=4
|win_IND=0|draw_IND=0|loss_IND=3|gf_IND=1|ga_IND=36
|col_A=#ccffcc
|result1=A|result2=A
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/aswomgames98.html RSSSF]
}}<section end=B />
{{football box
|date=7 December
|time= 14:00
|team1={{fbw-rt|IND}}
|score=0–7
|report=https://web.archive.org/web/20021104201150/http://indianfootball.de/news/m199812.html
|team2={{fbw|KOR|1997}}
|goals1=
|goals2=[[Seong Mi Son]] {{goal}}{{goal}} [[Sung Mi Cha]] {{goal}}{{goal}}{{goal}} [[Maria Rebello]] {{goal||o.g.}} [[Mi Yeon Lee (footballer)|Mi Yeon Lee]] {{goal}}
|stadium=[[Thammasat Stadium]], [[Pathum Thani]]
}}
----
{{football box
|date=9 December
|time= 16:00
|team1={{fbw-rt|IND}}
|score=1–13
|report=https://web.archive.org/web/20021104201150/http://indianfootball.de/news/m199812.html
|team2={{fbw|TPE}}
|goals1=[[Thongam Tababi Devi|Tababi Devi]] {{goal}}
|goals2=[[Ming-shu Lee]] {{goal}}{{goal}}{{goal}} [[Ii-Min Hung]] {{goal}}{{goal}}{{goal}} [[Huey-Shwu Wu]] {{goal}}{{goal}}{{goal}} [[Chun- Lan Huang]] {{goal}}{{goal}} [[Tzu-Yun Chang]] {{goal}} [[Lan-ten Lan]] {{goal}}
|stadium=[[Thammasat Stadium]], [[Pathum Thani]]
}}
----
{{football box
|date=11 December
|time= 14:00
|team1={{fbw-rt|IND}}
|score=0–16
|team2={{fbw|CHN|name=China}}
|goals1=
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Thai-Japanese Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nations at the 1998 Asian Games}}

[[Category:Nations at the 1998 Asian Games]]
[[Category:India at the Asian Games|1998]]
[[Category:1998 in Indian sport|Asian Games]]

DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham

2026-03-26T16:56:51Z

AhmadFosbery49: small changes

{{short description|2017 Indian action comedy film by Harish Shankar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham
| image = DJ film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Harish Shankar]]
| producer = [[Dil Raju]]
| screenplay = Ramesh Reddy Deepak Raj
| story = Harish Shankar
| based_on =
| starring = [[Allu Arjun]] [[Pooja Hegde]] [[Rao Ramesh]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cinematography = [[Ayananka Bose]]
| editing = Chota K. Prasad
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|6|23}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu 
| budget = {{INR}}50 crore<ref name="IBT DJ fin">{{cite web|title=DJ lifetime box office collection: Duvvada Jagannadham fails to beats Allu Arjun's Sarrainodu record|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/dj-lifetime-box-office-collection-duvvada-jagannadham-fails-beats-allu-arjuns-sarrainodu-record-740388|author-last=Hooli |author-first=Shekhar H. |date=31 August 2017 |website=ibtimes.co.in |publisher=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}50 crore<ref name="DJ final BO">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/duvvada-jagannadham-completes-3-years-allu-arjun-calls-it-one-of-his-most-memorable-films/story-N8FRGMqCBzfG7JFFstjgfM.html |title=Duvvada Jagannadham completes 3 years: Allu Arjun calls it one of his most memorable films |website=Hindustan Times |date=23 June 2020 |access-date=23 June 2020 |quote=The film, which went on to gross over ₹150 crore worldwide}}</ref>
}}

'''''DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham'''''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-next-film-titled-as-Duvvada-Jagannadham/articleshow/53897495.cms|title=Allu Arjun's next film titled as 'Duvvada Jagannadham'|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref> is a 2017 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by [[Harish Shankar]] and produced by [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]. The film stars [[Allu Arjun]] in the titular role, alongside [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Subbaraju]], [[Murali Sharma]], [[Vennela Kishore]], [[Posani Krishna Murali]], [[Tanikella Bharani]] and [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]. The music was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Ayananka Bose]] and Chota K. Prasad.

''DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham'' was released on 23 June 2017 to mixed reviews from critics and grossed over {{INR}}150 crore, thus becoming one of the [[List of Telugu films of 2017#Box office collection|highest-grossing Telugu films of 2017]].<ref name="DJ final BO"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/allu-arjun-starrer-duvvada-jagannadham-sets-new-record-garners-100-million-views-on-youtube/articleshow/82209563.cms | title=Allu Arjun starrer ''Duvvada Jagannadham'' sets new record, garners 100 million views on YouTube | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 April 2021 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Duvvada Jagannadham Sastri, a chef working as a caterer from [[Vijayawada]] along with his [[Brahmin]] family, masquerades as DJ, an [[altruism|altruistic]] vigilante who kills wrongdoers with the help of his mentor [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Puroshottam. At his friend Vignesh's wedding, Jagannadhan meets Pooja, the daughter of [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] Pushpam, and falls in love with her.

Royyala Naidu, a builder, also runs two fraud companies called ''Agro Diamond'' and ''Naidu Constructions''. Naidu appoints his secretary Stephen Prakash to be chairman of Agro Diamond, but Sameer Chandra, the [[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]] of Agro Diamond, learns that Stephen has transferred the money elsewhere and files a case against the company. After Vignesh's wedding, Jagannadham finds out that his uncle had committed suicide and reads the suicide note, which explains that his uncle booked an 1800-square-foot flat from Agro Diamond by spending all his savings, but when he went to pay his final installment, he found out that the company is bogus. Due to depression and the harsh words from his own daughter, he committed suicide.

Jagannadham finds out from Purushottam about the scam of {{INR}}900 [[crore]] ($138 million){{Efn|The average exchange rate in 2017 was 65.12 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - India|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2021&locations=IN&start=1960&view=chart |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=World Bank}}</ref>|name=exchange2017}} orchestrated by Stephen. When Sameer, who agrees to become the witness in the court, is about to get killed by hitmen hired by Stephen, DJ defeats Stephen and tells him at gunpoint to call his [[hitmen]] to abort the mission. Pushpam, who is also involved with Royyala Naidu in his crimes, gets a marriage proposal for Pooja from Naidu's son Avinash. When she meets Avinash in [[Abu Dhabi]], she dislikes him after learning that he has [[schizophrenia]]. Pooja realizes Jagannadham's love when she returns to India and confesses her love for Jagannadham to Pushpam, who disapproves, citing his status issues in society.

Pushpam and Naidu plan to kill Jagannadham. Naidu hires Stephen for the job. Stephen lures Jagannadham with the help of his henchman, but Jagannadham overpowers them and kidnaps Stephen. DJ challenges Naidu that he will find him and make him pay for his crimes; Naidu, who doesn't know about DJ, hires an officer to find out about DJ. Jagannadham forcefully tries to interrogate Stephen about his allies, but in vain. Pooja eventually arrives in Vijayawada to confess her love to Jagannadham and sends photos of her and Jagannadham to Pushpam. Pushpam shows it to Naidu, who gets shocked as Naidu had actually seen DJ when he was threatening Stephen at gunpoint. Naidu tells Pushpam to act like he agreed to the proposal. Naidu dresses up as one of the bodyguards of Pushpam, where Pooja and Jagannadham's families meet each other, and Naidu finally recognizes that Jagannadham is DJ.

The next day, Jagannadham's sister and Vignesh are attacked by Naidu's henchman, where they are interrogated about the whereabouts of Stephen, and Jagannadham's family is also troubled by them. Jagannadham finally decides to put an end to Royyala Naidu. Jagannadham sends his family on a pilgrimage to keep them safe. Naidu's henchmen break into the house and ask Jagannadham about the whereabouts of Stephen. They beat him up when Jagannadham asks about their boss. When he is about to get killed, Jagannadham asks Naidu's henchman to remove the holy ''[[rudraksha]]'' (which is a penance to his father to not be involved in violence). When the ''rudraksha'' is removed, DJ kills all the goons, who reveal that Naidu is their boss. Jagannadham calls Pooja and reveals himself as DJ and asks her for information about Avinash.

Jagannadham goes to Abu Dhabi and uses Avinash with his mental disability to find about Royyala Naidu's location. Naidu kidnaps Purushottam. Avinash arrives at the hideout and beats up Jagannadham for cheating him. Jagannadham shows them the money and turns Avinash against his father. Jagannadham, with the help of Avinash's mental disability, shoots Naidu dead. Stephen Prakash announces to the scam victims to provide them with their houses and their lost income, but Avinash is taken away for police interrogation.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Allu Arjun]] as Duvvada Jagannadha Sastry "Jagannadham"/ DJ
* [[Pooja Hegde]] as Pooja, DJ's love interest and Pushpam's daughter
* Sathvik Verma as Young DJ
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Royyala Naidu
* [[Murali Sharma]] as Constable Purushottam, DJ's mentor
* [[Subbaraju]] as Royyala Avinash, Naidu's son
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Home Minister Pushpam, Pooja's father
* [[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]] as Amrutham, Pooja's mother
* [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkatachalam, Pooja's foster father
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Annapurna, Pooja's foster mother
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Janaki, DJ's aunt
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram, DJ's uncle
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Duvvada Subrahmanya Sastry, DJ's father
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Akella Vigneshwara Sastry 'Vignesh' "Viggu"
* [[Harish Uthaman]] as Sultan Basha
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Devaki Chakravarthy, DJ's mother
* [[Hari Teja]] as Lakshmi, DJ's elder sister
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli Narasimha]] as DJ's grandfather
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]] as Katyayini
* [[Shatru (actor)|Shatru]] as Stephen Prakash, Naidu's secretary
* [[Sameer Hasan|Sameer]] as Sameer Chandra, former CEO of Agro Diamond
* [[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as DJ's assistant
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi]] as Vignesh's father
* [[Rajitha]] as Vignesh's mother
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Suri
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as gangster Lala
* [[Shanoor Sana]] as Pooja's mother
* Sravan as DJ's assistant
* Giridhar as Sarma DJ's friend
* [[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Vignesh's mother-in- law
* [[Rupa Lakshmi]]
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
After the success of ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' (2016), [[Allu Arjun]] announced that he will be collaborating for a Tamil-Telugu bilingual directed by [[N. Lingusamy|N. Linguswamy]], which was expected to go on floors.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 February 2016|title=Allu Arjun and Lingusamy to join hands for a Tamil-Telugu bilingual?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-arjun-and-lingusamy-come-together-for-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-310738-2016-02-26|access-date=6 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Meanwhile, in June 2016,<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=25 June 2016|title=Allu Arjun to team up with Harish Shankar's next|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/allu-arjun-to-team-up-with-harish-shankar-s-next-116062500228_1.html|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref> he announced that his next film will be directed by [[Harish Shankar]], and produced by [[Dil Raju]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2016|title=Allu Arjun to team up with Harish Shankar's next|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/allu-arjun-to-team-up-with-harish-shankars-next-2875000/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The film marks the second collaboration of Raju, with Arjun after ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'' (2004) and ''[[Parugu]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2016|title=Allu Arjun Roped In For Harish Shankar's Next|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/telugu/allu-arjun-roped-in-for-harish-shankars-next-article34186.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802105151/https://www.desimartini.com/news/telugu/allu-arjun-roped-in-for-harish-shankars-next-article34186.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2021|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Desimartini|language=en}}</ref> While the makers are yet to finalise the cast and crew members, [[Devi Sri Prasad]] announced that he will compose music for the film.<ref>{{Cite news|title=DSP to score music for Allu Arjun's next|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/DSP-to-score-music-for-Allu-Arjuns-next/articleshow/53897480.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> [[Shruti Haasan]] and [[Kajal Aggarwal]] were approached to play the lead actress but [[Pooja Hegde]] was eventually finalized for that role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/shruti-haasan-allu-arjun-singam-3-sabash-naidu/1/734165.html|title=Shruti Haasan turns down Allu Arjun's film|website=m.indiatoday.in|date=7 August 2016 |access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Pooja-Hegde-finalised-for-Allu-Arjuns-next/articleshow/54347817.cms "Pooja Hegde finalised for Allu Arjun's next"]. Times of India (15 September 2016)</ref> [[Rao Ramesh]] is signed to play Royyalu Naidu, which is based on the character played by Ramesh's father [[Rao Gopal Rao]] in ''[[Aa Okkati Adakku]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duvvada Jagannadham: A rollicking ride|url=https://archive.telanganatoday.com/duvvada-jagannadham-a-rollicking-ride|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=[[Telangana Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611144009/https://archive.telanganatoday.com/duvvada-jagannadham-a-rollicking-ride |archive-date=11 June 2021 }}</ref>

On 28 August 2016, the film makers announced the title of the film as ''Duvvada Jagannatham''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun's next film titled as 'Duvvada Jagannadham'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-next-film-titled-as-Duvvada-Jagannadham/articleshow/53897495.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The film was launched on 29 August 2016, at the office of the production house in Hyderabad.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web|date=29 August 2016|title=Allu Arjun's Duvvada Jagannadham goes on floors|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-arjuns-duvvada-jagannadham-new-film-dj-337845-2016-08-29|access-date=6 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Principal photography of the film was supposed to commence on 21 October 2016.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun's DJ on floors from October 21|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-DJ-on-floors-from-October-21/articleshow/54911035.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> However, the first leg of the shoot began on 4 November 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2016|title=Allu Arjun's Duvvada Jagannadham starts rolling|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/duvvada-jagannadham-stars-rolling-allu-arjun-pooja-hedge-dj-telugu-film-350202-2016-11-04|access-date=6 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The filming briefly delayed after Arjun took a break, to spend some quality time with his wife Sneha Reddy, who is expecting her second child.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun takes break for some quality family time|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjun-takes-break-for-some-quality-family-time/articleshow/55789278.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2016|title=Allu Arha: Allu Arjun, wife Sneha Reddy name their daughter|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/allu-arha-allu-arjun-wife-sneha-reddy-name-their-daughter-359452-2016-12-25|access-date=6 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> The shooting was later resumed in January 2017.

The production crew also chose [[Abu Dhabi]] as a filming location,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tollywood Movie Duvvada Jagannadham ('DJ') filming complete|url=http://www.twofour54.com/en/media-centre/press-releases/2017/Tollywood-Movie-Duvvada-Jagannadham--DJ--filming-complete|access-date=24 June 2017|website=www.twofour54.com}}</ref> as they would benefit from the Emirate's 30% film production rebate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Telugu film Duvvada Jagannadham to be shot in Abu Dhabi – The National|url=http://www.thenational.ae/blogs/scene-heard/indian-telugu-film-duvvada-jagannadham-to-be-shot-in-abu-dhabi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304060837/http://www.thenational.ae/blogs/scene-heard/indian-telugu-film-duvvada-jagannadham-to-be-shot-in-abu-dhabi|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2017|access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref> The film was shot across [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]], [[Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre]], [[Intercontinental Hotel]], Yas Links Golf Club and [[The Galleria|Galleria Mall]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why the next Allu Arjun film is being shot in Abu Dhabi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/why-the-next-allu-arjun-film-is-being-shot-in-abu-dhabi/articleshow/57411169.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

The film team placed a statue of [[Lord Shiva]] in [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakeshava Temple]] in [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], which was found against the custom and tradition of the temple and was opposed by the temple priests, which led to stall the shoot.<ref>Manaswini K (18 February 2017) [https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/protestors-stalled-allu-arjun-duvvada-jagannadham-dj-shooting/ Protestors Stalled Allu Arjun’s DJ Shoot]. mirchi9.com</ref> The makers planned to shift the shoot to Mysore,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Telugu film Duvvada Jagannadham to be shot in Mysuru?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/telugu-film-duvvada-jagannadham-to-be-shot-in-mysuru/articleshow/57250280.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> until the film team obtained permission from the Department of History and Archaeology for the shoot and resumed it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/shoot-of-telugu-film-duvvada-jagannadham-stalled-in-belur/articleshow/57207533.cms|title=Shoot of Telugu film Duvvada Jagannadham stalled in Belur|newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 February 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref> The film completed the shooting of major action episodes at the aluminum factory in Hyderabad on 21 April 2017. On 15 May 2017, it was announced that the principal shoot of the film got wrapped.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun starrer 'Duvvada Jagannadham's' climax schedule to kick off soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/allu-arjun-starrer-duvvada-jagannadhams-climax-schedule-to-kick-off-soon/articleshow/58659707.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham (soundtrack)}}
The film's music is composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], who is collaborating with [[Harish Shankar]] for the second time and with [[Allu Arjun]] for the seventh time. The album consists of five tracks with [[Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao]], [[Sri Mani]], [[Bhaskarabhatla]], Sahithi and Balaji penning the lyrics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Macho Star Doing Seeti Maar|url=https://www.cinejosh.com/news/3/71158/macho-star-doing-seeti-maar.html|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Cine Josh|date=29 September 2019 |language=english}}</ref>

On 3 May 2017, the first single of the film "DJ Saranam Bhaje Bhaje" was released through the YouTube channel of [[Aditya Music]], the music label which bought the film's audio rights.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pattikonda|first=Gautham|title=First single track from Allu Arjun's DJ to be out today|url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/first-single-track-allu-arjuns-dj-today/|access-date=6 January 2021|website=Pinkvilla|language=en-US}}</ref> The promo of the song "[[Gudilo Badilo Madilo Vodilo]]" was unveiled on 15 May,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gudilo Badilo Madilo Vodilo 1Min Video Song- DJ- Video Songs- Allu Arjun, Pooja Hegde|url=https://www.ap7am.com/lv-256018-gudilo-badilo-madilo-vodilo-1min-video-song-dj-video-songs-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde|access-date=1 January 2021|website=ap7am.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 May 2017|title=Duvvada Jagannadham: Allu Arjun, Pooja Hegde share a sizzling chemistry in DJ romantic song, watch video|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/duvvada-jagannadham-song-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde-chemistry-in-dj-romantic-song-watch-video-4679544/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601220936/http://indianexpress.com:80/article/entertainment/telugu/duvvada-jagannadham-song-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde-chemistry-in-dj-romantic-song-watch-video-4679544/ |archive-date=1 June 2017 |access-date=1 January 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and two days later, on 17 May 2017, the full song was released and got wide reception.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 May 2017|title=Duvvada Jagannadham: Allu Arjun, Pooja Hegde dance to Gudilo Badilo Madilo|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/duvvada-jagannadham-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde-harish-shankar-979942-2017-05-30|access-date=1 January 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=17 May 2017|title=DJ song Gudilo Badilo Madilo: Allu Arjun's moves in the teaser will have you swooning over him big time|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dj-song-gudilo-badilo-madilo-allu-arjuns-moves-in-the-teaser-will-have-you-swooning-over-him-big-time-983150/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208053517/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dj-song-gudilo-badilo-madilo-allu-arjuns-moves-in-the-teaser-will-have-you-swooning-over-him-big-time-983150/ |archive-date=8 February 2022 |access-date=1 January 2021|website=Bollywood Life|language=en}}</ref> The film's audio was released on 21 May 2017, at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun starrer 'Duvvada Jagannatham's' audio launch event date fixed|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/allu-arjun-starrer-duvvada-jagannathams-audio-launch-event-date-fixed/articleshow/59069710.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=21 May 2017|title=Duvvada Jagannadham aka DJ audio launch - live streaming: Here are jukebox, tracklist of Allu Arjun starrer [Videos]|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/dj-aka-duvvada-jagannadham-audio-launch-live-streaming-check-here-jukebox-tracklist-allu-arjun-730310|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614112102/http://www.ibtimes.co.in:80/dj-aka-duvvada-jagannadham-audio-launch-live-streaming-check-here-jukebox-tracklist-allu-arjun-730310 |archive-date=14 June 2017 |access-date=1 January 2021|website=www.ibtimes.co.in|language=en}}</ref>

The song "[[Seeti Maar]]" was later re-mixed in Salman Khan's film [[Radhe (2021 film)|''Radhe'']].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radhe Trailer: Netizens unhappy with Salman Khan 'stealing' Allu Arjun's song 'Seetimaar'|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/radhe-trailer-netizens-unhappy-with-salman-khan-stealing-allu-arjuns-song-seetimaar|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Radhe Trailer Lacks Originality: Netizens Accuse Salman Khan of Copying Allu Arjun's Seeti Maar Song |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/bollywood-news-radhe-trailer-lacks-originality-netizens-accuse-salman-khan-of-copying-allu-arjuns-seeti-maar-song-4604870/ |access-date=22 April 2021 |work=India.com |date=22 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film's release was originally scheduled for 19 May 2017,<ref name="Hans 19 May">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2017-03-03/Pawan-Kalyan-to-launch-Duvvada-Jagannadham-Song/284545|title=Pawan Kalyan to launch Duvvada Jagannadham Song?|website=The Hans India|date=3 March 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref> but it was postponed to 30 June 2017, due to the delay in the film's production.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun's 'Duvvada Jagannadham' now has a new release date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/allu-arjuns-duvvada-jagannadham-now-has-a-new-release-date/articleshow/58106499.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In April 2017, a new release date was scheduled as 23 June 2017, coinciding with the [[Eid al-Fitr|Ramzan]] weekend.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Allu Arjun's 'Duvvada Jagannadham's new release date is out|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/allu-arjuns-duvvada-jagannadhams-new-release-date-is-out/articleshow/58311069.cms|access-date=6 January 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The theatrical rights of the film were sold to {{INRConvert|77.3|c|lk=}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 June 2017|title=Allu Arjun's Duvvada Jagannadham Pre-release Business|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2017-06-22/Allu-Arjuns-Duvvada-Jagannadham-Pre-release-Business/308026|access-date=6 January 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> The film's dubbed versions were released in Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Hindi and Bengali.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}

== Reception ==
''Duvvada Jagannadham'' film received positive response.<ref name="reception">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Tollywood/2017-08-11/Duvvada-Jagannadham-Opened-To-Positive-Response/318329|title=Duvvada Jagannadham Opened To Positive Response|website=[[The Hans India]]|access-date=24 June 2017}}</ref>

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated "The film could have been much more gripping but for being punctuated with a handful of songs, quite a few high-decibel ones at that. At 156 minutes, ''DJ'' is bloated and loses its tempo now and then. While some of the dialogues are fun, others make you cringe." She compared the film with [[S. Shankar]] directorial [[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]] where a [[Brahmin]] protagonist moonlights as a thief, steals from the rich and gives to the poor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=23 June 2017 |title=Duvvada Jagannatham review: Gentleman DJ! |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/duvvada-jagannatham-review/article19132813.ece |access-date=1 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Srivatsan of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote that "We get the fact that the masala is very important for this genre. But the scenes that are supposed to leave you misty-eyed end up as comic relief. Jokes fall flat and the mass action blocks are not enough. At the same time, it's impossible to write off Allu Arjun. He's effective in bits; especially when the director wants him to dance and send goons into the air. Someone said that Allu Arjun's body is made of rubber and there can't be a better description. The problem with Duvvada Jagannadham is its half-baked story, which is everything we've seen in Allu Arjun's films earlier. To keep up with DJ's style, Duvvada Jagannadham is "Boring-ah, bore-asya, bore-obiah".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=23 June 2017 |title=Duvvada Jagannadham movie review: Allu Arjun's film is unimaginably violent |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/duvvada-jagannadham-movie-review-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde-984381-2017-06-23 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Sowmya Sruthi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite news|title=DUVVADA JAGANNADHAM (DJ) MOVIE REVIEW|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/duvvada-jagannadham-dj/movie-review/59284657.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "It is a commercial entertainer made by the book and it works to some extent".<ref>{{cite web|title=Duvvada Jagannadham or DJ movie review: Allu Arjun is a one-man army|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/duvvada-jagannadham-movie-review-dj-allu-arjun-pooja-hegde-star-rating-4717962/lite/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=23 June 2017 |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.5 stars rating out of 5 and wrote that "The point is when you try making a new recipe, it’s not merely enough to have all the right ingredients. You’ve to know when to switch off the flame. In the end, when you think about this DJ, it just gets loud, louder, loudest. Thumbs down. But hey, Allu Arjun still dances like a dream!"<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2017 |title=Duvvada Jagannadham movie review : Allu Arjun dances like a dream; film is loud, inconsistent |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/duvvada-jagannadham-movie-review-allu-arjun-dances-like-a-dream-film-is-loud-inconsistent-3738059.html |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu|Zee Telugu Golden Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|11 March 2017
| Entertainer Of The Year (Female)
| rowspan="2"|[[Pooja Hegde]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-telugu-golden-awards-2017-winners-list-photos-755196|title=Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 winners list and photos|website=International Business Times|date=1 January 2018|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.zee5.com/videos/details/zee-golden-awards-2017-full-event/0-0-movie_804856199 |title=Zee Golden Awards 2017 Full Event|type=motion picture |publisher=[[Zee Telugu]] |year=2017 |time=2:30:10 to 2:32:41 |time-caption=From |via=[[ZEE5]]}}</ref>
|-
| Favourite Heroine of the Year
| {{won}}
|-
| scope="row" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[65th Filmfare Awards South|16 June 2018]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]]
| [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28652-1.html|title=Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards South 2018|website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City Cine Awards Telugu]]
| 2018
| Best Female Playback Singer
| [[K. S. Chitra]] for "[[Gudilo Badilo Madilo Vodilo]]"
| {{nom}}
|
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6734984}}
{{Harish Shankar}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Harish Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Abu Dhabi]]
[[Category:Films shot in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:2010s vigilante films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:2017 comedy films]]
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara Creations films]]
[[Category:Films set in Abu Dhabi]]

United Liberation Front of Asom

2026-03-14T16:25:34Z

AhmadFosbery49:

{{Short description|Rebel organisation operating in state of Assam, India}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox war faction
| name = United Liberation Front of Asom
| war = *[[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
*[[Insurgency in Assam]]
*[[Insurgency in Arunachal Pradesh]]
| native_name_lang = as
| image = Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom.svg
| active = 7 April 1979 – 29 December 2023 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1979|Month1=4|Date1=7|year2=2023|Month2=12|Date2=29}}) (Pro-truce faction) 7 April 1979 – present ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1979|Month1=4|Date1=7}}) (Anti-truce faction)|
| ideology = [[Assamese nationalism]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Aruni | last=Kashyap | title=India needs talks for Assam's peace | date=19 May 2010 | access-date=11 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928135145/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/19/assam-independence-talks-india | archive-date=28 September 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Socialism]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goswami |first1=Sandhya |title=Assam politics in post-Congress era 1985 and beyond |date=2020 |publisher=SAGE Publications |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=978-93-5388-364-5 |page=60 }}</ref>
| clans =
| founders = Bhupen Borgohain, [[Pradip Gogoi]], Suren Dihingia , Someswar Gogoi, Bhradeswar Gohain, Budheswar Gogoi
| leaders =
| military_leader = [[Paresh Baruah]] [[Raju Baruah]]
| political_leader = [[Arabinda Rajkhowa]] [[Bhimkanta Buragohain]][[Death by natural causes|#]] [[Pradip Gogoi]] [[Ashanta Bagh Phukan]] [[Anup Chetia]] [[Sashadhar Choudhury]] [[Chitraban Hazarika]] [[Mithinga Daimary]] [[Pranati Deka]]
| headquarters = Myanmar, Bhutan and China
| area = *[[Assam]], [[India]]
*[[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
*[[Nagaland]], [[India]]
* [[Sagaing Region]], [[Myanmar]]
| opponents = [[Government of India]]
*[[Government of Assam]]
[[al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent]] (2016–present)
[[Bhutan]]<ref>See [[Operation All Clear]]</ref>
| battles = [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
*[[Insurgency in Assam]]
* [[Insurgency in Arunachal Pradesh]]
* [[Operation Sunrise (2019)]]
*[[Operation Bajrang]]
*[[Operation Golden Bird]]
*[[Operation All Clear]]
*[[Myanmar civil war (2021–present)]]
*[[2025 Indian strikes on Myanmar]]
| allegiance = [[United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia]]
| website =
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| status = Active (ULFA-I) 
Surrendered (ULFA pro-truce faction)
| motives = Establishment of an independent [[Assam]]
| designated_as_terror_group_by = {{Flag|India}}
| size = {{ubl|1200 (2007)|250 (2025)}}
| split_to = United Liberation Front of Asom – Independent (ULFA-I){{efn|Active}} United Liberation Front of Asom (Pro-truce faction){{efn|Disbanded}}
}}

The '''United Liberation Front of Asom''' ('''ULFA''') is an armed [[Separatist movements of India|separatist]] insurgent organisation, that operates in the Indian state of [[Assam]].<ref name="satp">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/Ulfa.htm |title=United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) – Terrorist Group of Assam |publisher= |access-date=1 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mha.gov.in/node/91173 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228065320/https://mha.gov.in/node/91173 |archive-date=28 December 2019 |title=Banned Organizations |website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]] |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> It seeks to establish an independent sovereign nation state of Assam for the indigenous Assamese people through an armed struggle via the [[Assam conflict]]. The [[Government of India]] banned the organisation and designated it as a terrorist organisation in 1990,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx|title=NIA :: Banned Terrorist Organisations|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119203117/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx|archive-date=19 January 2014}}</ref> while the [[United States Department of State]] lists it under "other groups of concern".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82738.htm|title=Chapter 6 – Terrorist Organizations|date=30 April 2007|website=[[United States State Department|U. S. State Department]]|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>

According to ULFA sources, it was founded on 7 April 1979<ref name="satp"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-24/news/70036465_1_anup-chetia-bangladesh-jail-assam-assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130034118/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-24/news/70036465_1_anup-chetia-bangladesh-jail-assam-assembly|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2016|title=Why the militant group ULFA matters ahead of Assam Assembly Polls|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> at [[Rang Ghar]] and began operations in 1990. [[Sunil Nath]], former Central Publicity Secretary and spokesman of ULFA, has stated that the organisation established ties with the [[Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland]] in 1983 and with the Burma-based [[Kachin Independent Army]] in 1987. Military operations against the ULFA by the [[Indian Army]] began in 1990 and continue to this day. On 5 December 2009, the chairman and the deputy commander-in-chief of ULFA was taken into Indian custody.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/Ulfa-leaders-held-admit-China-link/483340/H1-Article1-483167.aspx |title=Ulfa leaders held, admit China link |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 December 2009 |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217061205/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/Ulfa-leaders-held-admit-China-link/483340/H1-Article1-483167.aspx |archive-date=17 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2011, there was a major crackdown on ULFA in Bangladesh under the previous regime of [[Awami League]], which greatly assisted the [[government of India]] in bringing ULFA leaders to talks. In January 2010, ULFA softened its stance and dropped demands for independence as a condition for talks with the Government of India.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53891120110103 |title = ULFA softens demand on Assam independence |work = [[Reuters]] |date = 3 January 2011 |access-date = 3 January 2011 |archive-date = 6 March 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111549/https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53891120110103 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

On 3 September 2011, a tripartite agreement for "Suspension of Operations" agreement was signed by the Indian government, the Assam government and the ULFA.<ref name="Tripartite agreement signed with ULFA">{{cite news|title=Tripartite agreement signed with ULFA|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2421033.ece|access-date=19 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=3 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saikia |first=Arunabh |title=In Assam's Tinsukia district, killings of Bengalis spark anxiety among Hindi-speaking residents |url=https://scroll.in/article/901406/in-assams-tinsukia-district-killings-of-bengalis-spark-anxiety-among-hindi-speaking-residents |journal=[[Scroll.in]]|date=9 November 2018 }}</ref>

==History==
The ULFA was founded in courtyard of historic amphitheatre–[[Rang Ghar]] on 7 April 1979 in [[Sivasagar]], Assam by a group of young men that included Bhupen Borgohain, [[Bhimkanta Buragohain]], Tarun Gogoi, Pradip Gogoi, Bhadreshwar Gohain and Budheswar Gogoi. The organisation's purpose was to engage in an armed struggle to form a separate independent state of Assam.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bahn |first1=Divya |title=Import of peace deal with peaceful faction of ULFA |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/explainers/2024/Jan/06/import-ofpeace-deal-with-peaceful-faction-of-ulfa-2648594.html |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=6 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chahong |first1=Dr Kharingpam Ahum |last2=Malik |first2=Saima |title=Re-Imagining Northeast Writings and Narratives: Language, Culture, and Border Identity |date=2024 |publisher=SLC India Publisher |isbn=978-81-962956-7-7 |page=343 |language=en}}</ref>

During its peak days in the late 80s and 90s, it had support among many of the Assamese people of the [[Brahmaputra valley]]. The majority of the supporters felt that a powerful organization was necessary to get the voice of a peripheral region heard, to the central government. But gradually, the organisation's emphasis on illegal means and smuggling of weapons in the name of furthering the 'revolution' led to violence throughout the state. It witnessed a period marked by growing disillusionment and anger amid supporters.

In the conflict, many civilians were killed and several thousand were permanently maimed and displaced. It is estimated that more than 10 thousand local youths were killed and disappeared during that period.{{By whom|date=October 2023}} In the process, owing to the twin factors of increasing operations by the security forces and dwindling support among its core sympathisers, ULFA's importance in Assam has been declined drastically.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/ulfas-misplaced-sense-of-aggression-against-dalai-lama-underscores-its-eagerness-to-keep-china-happy-3358818.html|title=Ulfa's misplaced sense of aggression against Dalai Lama underscores its eagerness to keep China happy|website=[[Firstpost]]|date=30 March 2017|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>

Recruiting for the front did not begin until 1983. Soon after it finished recruitment in 1984, it began to seek out training and arms procurement from other groups such as the [[Kachin Independence Army]] (KIA) and the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN). In 1986, it launched a fundraising campaign across India. It then began to set up camps in [[Tinsukia]] and [[Dibrugarh]] but was soon declared a terrorist organization by the government on 7 November, under the [[Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act]].

In less than a decade of its formation, the ULFA emerged as one of the most powerful insurgent outfits in [[Southeast Asia]], largely because of the immense popularity, it enjoyed during the first decade of its struggle as well as its economic power which in turn helped it in bolstering its military capabilities. In the early 1990s, ULFA launched an armed campaign against Indian forces, political opponents, and blasted rail links. In July 1991, the front captured and held 14 people for ransom, included in the abductees was an engineer and a national of the Soviet Union. From the 1990s, the ULFA have continued to carry out attacks.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/ulfa.html]{{Dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>

Till the late 2000s, it maintained a number of camps in Bangladesh, where members were trained and sheltered away from Indian security forces. In April 2004, [[Bangladesh police]] and [[Bangladesh Coast Guard]] [[2004 arms and ammunition haul in Chittagong|intercepted]] massive amounts of illegal arms and ammunition at [[Chittagong]], being loaded into 10 trucks. A total of 50 were charged with arms smuggling and arms offenses, including former high-level Bangladesh political appointees including ministers of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] and [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] and NSI military officers, as well as prominent businessmen, and [[Paresh Baruah]], the chief of ULFA who was then living in Dhaka.<ref name="bss2012"/> He later fled the country.<ref name="bss2012">[http://www1.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=0&id=295974&date=2012-11-28 "Ex-Industries Secretary Nurul Amin was informed of the 10-truck arms smuggling: Mobin Hossain"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110173317/http://www.bssnews.net/newsDetails.php?cat=0&id=295974&date=2012-11-28 |date=10 January 2017 }}, ''[[Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha]]'' (BSS), 28 November 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2013</ref>

They had also maintained camps in [[Bhutan]], which were destroyed during [[Operation All Clear]] by the [[Royal Bhutan Army]] aided by the [[Special Frontier Force]] in December 2003. These camps housed combatants and non-combatant families of ULFA members.

ULFA maintained close relationships with other separatist organisations like [[National Democratic Front of Bodoland|NDFB]], [[Karabakh Liberation Organization|KLO]] and [[NSCN (Khaplang)]].

In 2008, News Services reported citing Indian police and intelligence officials reported ULFA's commander-in-chief Paresh Baruah had taken refuge in [[Yunnan]] Province of China, along [[China-Myanmar border]], due to continued losses incured to his organization. The report also stated that a group of militants had also taken refuge along with him. Paresh Baruah had previously visited China in the 1980s. In December 2003, China spurned ULFA's chairman Arabinda Rajkhowa appeal to provide safe passage to the rebels from Bhutan.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/ulfa-eyeing-china-for-shelter-commander-in-china-myanmar-border_100112644.html |title=ULFA eyeing China for shelter, commander in China-Myanmar border |publisher= |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017070156/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/ulfa-eyeing-china-for-shelter-commander-in-china-myanmar-border_100112644.html }}</ref>

On 13 July 2025, ULFA(I) claimed that the Indian Army launched drone attacks on camps in [[Sagaing Region]], Myanmar. Indian officials denied knowledge of any cross-border operations recently targeting ULFA(I).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ulfa-i-myanamar-camp-attack-leader-killed-july-13-2025/article69806870.ece ULFA(I) claims missile strikes killed its commanders in Myanmar]. July 13, 2025. [[The Hindu]]. {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20250713140044/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ulfa-i-myanamar-camp-attack-leader-killed-july-13-2025/article69806870.ece|date=July 13, 2025}}</ref>

===Secret killings of the family members of militants ===

During the government of [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]] leader [[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]], as a part of his government's counter-insurgency strategy, unidentified gunmen had assassinated a number of family members of ULFA leaders. With the fall of this government following elections in 2001, the secret killings stopped. Dinesh Barua, the elder brother of [[Paresh Barua]], was taken from his house at night by unidentified Assamese men, Later his body was found lying near a cremation center in [[Chabua]]. ULFA's self-styled Publicity Secretary, Mithinga Daimary, also had his five family members killed during this period.

Government investigations into the killings culminated in the report of the "Saikia Commission", presented to the Assam Assembly on 15 November 2007. The report describes how the killings were organised by [[Prafulla Mahanta]], then the Assam Home Minister. They were executed by the police. The gunmen were former members of ULFA who had surrendered to the government. They approached their targets at home, at night, knocking on the door and speaking in [[Assamese language|Assamese]] to allay suspicion. When the victims answered the door, they were shot or kidnapped to be shot elsewhere.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071116102225/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/16/stories/2007111654701400.htm "Saikia Commission indicts former Chief Minister Mahanta for 'secret killings'"], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 16 November 2007</ref>

==Organizational structure==
[[File:ULFA'S 28 battalion.jpg|thumb|Commander of ULFA's 28th Battalion addressing to a press meet after declaration of ceasefire by its 'a' and 'c' companies at Amarpur, Tinsukia in 2008.]]

During the 1990s and 2000s, the total strength of ULFA was stated to be around 3,000, while various other sources put the figure ranging from 4,000 to 6,000. A military wing of the ULFA, the [[Sanjukta Mukti Fouj]] (SMF) was formed on 16 March 1996.

SMF had formed three full-fledged so-called battalions: the 7th, 28th, and the 709th. While remaining battalions exist only on paper at best they have the strengths of a company or so. Their allocated spheres of operation are as follows:

*7th Bn (HQ-Sukhini) is responsible for defence of General Headquarters (GHQ).
*8th Bn – [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]], [[Morigaon district|Morigaon]], [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]]
*9th Bn – [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]], [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]], [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]]
*11th Bn – [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]], [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
*27th Bn – [[Barpeta district|Barpeta]], [[Bongaigaon district|Bongaigaon]], [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]]
*[[28th Battalion (ULFA)|28th Bn]] – [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]], [[Dibrugarh district|Dibrugarh]]
*709th Bn – Kalikhola

=== Faction ===
In 2011, ULFA split into Pro-talk faction under [[Arabinda Rajkhowa]] and Anti-talk faction under [[Paresh Baruah]] and reemerged as ULFA-I (independent). The Pro-talk faction consisting of 533 cadres and leaders disbanded in conclusion of peace treaty in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-29 |title='Cadres to give up all forms of violence': ULFA signs historic peace accord with govt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/agreed-to-abjure-violence-ulfa-signs-historic-peace-accord-with-centre-assam-govt/articleshow/106382264.cms |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As of 2025, the Anti-talk faction of ULFA-I which is still active has an estimated cadre strength of 250 cadres based in four camps in [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-27 |title=Ulfa’s 250 cadres training in 4 Myanmar camps: Centre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/ulfas-250-cadres-training-in-4-myanmar-camps-centre/articleshow/121446406.cms |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Command Structure===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name !! Self-Styled Designation !! Current Status
|-
|[[Arabinda Rajkhowa]] || Chairman || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Pradip Gogoi]] || Vice-chairman || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Ashanta Baghphukan]] || Vice-chairman/organizing secretary || Missing since 2003
|-
|[[Anup Chetia]] || General secretary
|| Deported to India from Bangladesh, Currently in Indian custody.<ref>{{citation |title=ULFA leader Anup Chetia deported to India from Bangladesh, PM Modi thanks Hasina.|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/ulfa-leader-anup-chetia-handed-over-to-india-by-bangladesh_1820910.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |date=11 November 2015 |access-date= 11 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Paresh Baruah]] || Commander-in-Chief || On Run, Sentenced to death by Bangladesh court.<ref>{{citation |title= ULFA leader Paresh Barua, 13 others sentenced to death by Bangladesh court. |url=http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ulfa-leader-paresh-barua-13-others-sentenced-to-death-by-bangladesh-court-549285 |location=Chittagong |author= IANS |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= ULFA's Paresh Barua sentenced to death in Bangladesh |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/ulfas-paresh-barua-sentenced-to-death-in-bangladesh/article5634460.ece |location=[[Chittagong]] |author= Haroon Habib, Sushanta Talukdar |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=31 January 2014 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Heerak Jyoti Mahanta]] || First Deputy Commander-in-Chief || Killed under custody on 31 December 1991.

|-
|[[Raju Baruah]] || Operation Commander || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Michael Deka Phukan]] || Present Deputy Commander-in-Chief || Wanted
|-
|[[Mithinga Daimary]] || Publicity Secretary || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Chitraban Hazarika]] || Finance Secretary || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Pranati Deka]] || Cultural Secretary || Captured, Released on bail
|-
|[[Sashadhar Choudhury]] || Foreign Secretary || Captured, Released on bail

|}

===Enigma Force===
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Enigma Force
| caption =
| dates = Disbanded
| country =
| allegiance =
| branch = [[ULFA]]
| type = [[Guerrilla warfare|Guerrilla]]
| role = [[Shock troops]]
| size =
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| garrison = [[Bhutan]]
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label =
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| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| disbanded = 
| commander1 = None
| commander1_label = Current Chief
| commander2 = [[Raju Baruah]]
| commander2_label = 1st Chief
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
| notable_commanders = 
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
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}}

'''Enigma Force''' or '''Enigma Group''' was an exclusive and near autonomous striking group of the ULFA.<ref name="ab">{{cite web|url=http://ia.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/23inter.htm|title=The ULFA gameplan has backfired|last=Menon|first=Ramesh|date=23 January 2001|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=10 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="ef">{{cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/1_49.htm|title=ULFA: Decapitation Failure|last=Routray|first=Bibhu Prasad|date=23 June 2003|access-date=7 November 2009}}</ref> It is known to a few top leaders of the outfit<ref name="ab" /> and the cadres were isolated from the others.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cd">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/19spec.htm|title=Our future has been destroyed|last=Menon|first=Ramesh|date=19 January 2001|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=10 December 2009}}</ref> It was designed for [[Hit-and-run tactics|hit and run]] type of operations.<ref name="ab" /> It was headed by the [[Raju Baruah]].<ref name="ef" /><ref name="cd" />

==Activities==
On 10 May 1985, some ULFA activist robbed Silpukhri branch branch of [[UCO Bank]] and killed the branch manager Girish Goswami.<ref>{{cite web |title=ULFA: The Revolution comes Full Circle -- Bibhu Prasad Routray |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume13/Article6.htm |website=www.satp.org |access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hussain |first1=Wasbir |author1-link=Wasbir Hussain |title=Order in Chaos: Essays on Conflict in India's Northeast and the Road to Peace in South Asia |date=2006 |publisher=Spectrum Publications |isbn=978-81-8344-018-9 |page=162 |language=en}}</ref>

On 1 March 1986, a few ULFA activist robbed more than {{INRConvert|40|lk=c|m}} [[Namrup]] branch of [[State Bank of India]]. The bank robbery created a chaos and following a heavy gunfight between ULFA and Assam police. The gunfight killed [[Inspector|Officer-in-Charge]] of [[Namrup]] police station, injuring four policemen and three civilian.<ref>{{cite book |title=Agni: Studies in International Strategic Issues |date=2005 |publisher=Forum for Strategic & Security Studies |page=54 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Deka|1994|p=99}}

On 29 July 1990, the [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] (SP) of the [[Dibrugarh district]] Daulat Singh Negi (IPS) and his PSO and driver were killed by an ambush in Lahoal of Dibrugarh district by the ULFA.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gogoi |first=Dilip |title=Unheeded Hinterland: Identity and Sovereignty in Northeast India |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-32921-3 |location=Basingstoke |page=174}}</ref>

Some of the major assassinations by ULFA include that of Surendra Paul in May 1990, the brother of businessman Lord [[Swraj Paul]], that precipitated a situation leading to the sacking of the [[Government of Assam]] under [[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]] and the beginning of [[Operation Bajrang]].

In 1991, a Russian engineer, and national of the Soviet Union was kidnapped along with others and killed. In 1997, [[Sanjay Ghose]], a social activist and a relative of a high-ranking Indian diplomat, was kidnapped and killed. The highest government officer assassinated by the group was local [[Asom Gana Parishad]] minister [[Nagen Sarma]] in 2000. An unsuccessful assassination attempt was made on AGP Chief Minister [[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]] in 1997. A [[mass grave]], discovered at a destroyed ULFA camp in Lakhipathar forest, showed evidence of executions committed by ULFA.

In August 1995, it killed eight SF personnel. In November a joint ambush by ULFA and BDSF killed five security personnel.

In 1996, ULFA killed 13 SF personnel in three separate attacks.<ref name="c245">{{cite web | title=Chronology of major NE terror strikes | website=Hindustan Times | date=2003-10-13 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/chronology-of-major-ne-terror-strikes/story-Mhhpyh9vjv9kXykKkqm5EI.html | access-date=2025-07-15}}</ref>

In 2003, the ULFA was accused of killing labourers from [[Bihar]] in response to an alleged molestation of a [[Mizo people|Mizo]] girl in a train passing through [[Bihar]]. This incident sparked off [[anti-Bihari sentiment]] in [[Assam]] and ULFA saw it as an opportunity to regain its lost ground. The ULFA killed civilians of [[Bihar]]i origin and other outsiders of mainland India.

In 2003, during a Railways Recruitment Board Examination for Group (D) posts conducted by [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]] a wing of [[Indian Railways]], a good number of candidates from [[Bihar]] and other states were beaten up and stopped from taking the exam by some elements who were seeking 100 percent [[reservations in India|reservations]] for unemployed indigenous Assamese people in the said test.

In resentment, conflicts arose with train passengers from North Eastern Indians states passing through some of the stations like [[Katihar]], [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]], [[Kishanganj]] in [[Bihar]].

During that period ULFA was already losing its popularity and ground across many pockets in Assam where it had strongholds. However, ULFA took this situation as an opportunity to fan an opposition against 'India' among people in Assam. They started killing Hindi-speaking people mostly having origin in [[Bihar]] in the State.

On 15 August 2004, an explosion occurred in [[Dhemaji District]] of Assam in which 13 people died, mainly women and school children. This explosion was carried out by ULFA. The ULFA has obliquely accepted responsibility for the blast<ref>[http://www.assamtribune.com/aug1704/at05.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041022123829/http://www.assamtribune.com/aug1704/at05.html|date=22 October 2004}}</ref> and tendered public apology for it in a statement issued by [[Paresh Baruah]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-12-13 |title=ULFA tenders apology for Dhemaji blast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ULFA-tenders-apology-for-Dhemaji-blast/article16853184.ece |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In January 2007, the ULFA once again struck in Assam killing approximately 62 Hindi-speaking migrant workers mostly from Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/idr-new-website/|title=Indian Defence Review New Website|access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref> ULFA notoriety as a directionless and unpopular organisation increased, as the bomb blast victims also included several indigenous Assamese people.

On 15 March 2007, ULFA triggered a blast in [[Guwahati]], injuring six people as it celebrated its 'army day'.

The Central Government made a tough response, forcing a dreaded group of ULFA – [[28th Battalion (ULFA)|28 Battalion]] to unilaterally bow down and seek asylum from the government. This particular one-sided ceasefire broke the backbone of ULFA.

On June 2010, in a IED blast claimed by ULFA at Goalpara, killed five CRPF jawans and injured 33.<ref name="i514">{{cite web | title=Ulfa claims responsibility for ambush on bus carrying jawans in Assam's Goalpara district | website=Telegraph India | date=2010-07-31 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/5-crpf-men-die-in-blast-ulfa-claims-responsibility-for-ambush-on-bus-carrying-jawans-in-assam-s-goalpara-district/cid/499019 | access-date=2025-07-15}}</ref>

In November 2017, in a joint attack by ULFA-NSCN (K), it ambushed and killed 3 jawans and injured 4 at Pengeri area of [[Tinsukia District]].<ref name="f171">{{cite web | title=3 jawans killed in ULFA-NSCN ambush in Assam | website=The Hindu | date=2016-11-19 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/3-jawans-killed-in-ULFA-NSCN-ambush-in-Assam/article16659128.ece | access-date=2025-07-15}}</ref>

===Economic subversion===
The ULFA has claimed responsibility for bombings of economic targets like [[crude oil]] pipelines, freight trains and government buildings, including a 7 August 2005 attack on oil pipelines in Assam.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4129254.stm|title=bombing of oil facilities on August 7, 2005|publisher=[[BBC News]]|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref> ULFA carried out a bombing and destruction of a five million-liter petrol reservoir at Digboi refinery in Tinsukia, with an estimated property loss of 200 million rupees. On the same day, they also damaged a gas pipeline in the oil district of Tinsukia.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

===Recruitment===
In the initial years of the ULFA movement, cadres were recruited from rural areas as well as from many towns in Lower Assam, Northern and Upper Assam and middle Assam districts. One of the most popular ULFA leaders of all time, the late [[Heerak Jyoti Mahanta]] hailed from a place which is just a few kilometres from Guwahati. However, with the educated Assamese urban middle class becoming increasingly sceptical of ULFA's method of functioning, the ULFA targeted the remote villages and the predominantly backward areas of predominantly marginalised indigenous communities for recruitment. According to intelligence sources, the Paresh Baruah faction of the Ulfa, which have been continuously raising its voice against the ongoing peace process being initiated by the Arabinda Rajkhowa faction, is engaged in a massive recruitment drive in the rural areas of Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Sivasagar, Lakhimpur and Nalbari districts of Assam. The Ulfa also has strong following among the [[Naga people]] in Assam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinlung.com/2011/06/arunachal-pradesh-becoming-safe-haven.html|title=Arunachal Pradesh Becoming Safe Haven For Militants – Sinlung|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref>

===Political activities===
After 1985 and before it was banned in 1990, ULFA was credited in the media with many public activities. It has continued a public discourse of sorts through the local media (newspapers), occasionally publishing its position on political issues centred around the nationality question. It has participated in public debates with public figures from Assam. During the last two local elections, the ULFA had called for boycotts. Media reports suggest that it used its forces to intimidate activists and supporters of the then-ruling parties ([[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and AGP respectively).

===Extortion===
The ULFA is credited with some bank robberies during its initial stages. Now it is widely reported to [[extortion|extort]] businessmen, bureaucrats and politicians for collecting funds. In 1997, the [[Chief Minister of Assam]] accused [[Tata Tea]] of paying the medical bills of the ULFA cultural secretary [[Pranati Deka]] at a Mumbai hospital.

==Peace negotiations and surrender==
{{main|SULFA}}
[[File:The Union Home Minister, Shri P. Chidambaram meeting with the ULFA Leaders, in New Delhi on February 10, 2011.jpg|thumb|The Union Home Minister, [[P. Chidambaram]] meeting with the ULFA Leaders, in New Delhi.]]
Beginning in 1990, the [[Government of India]] has attempted to wean away members of the ULFA. This occurred due to the death of the ULFA's deputy [[Commander in chief]] [[Heerak Jyoti Mahanta]] on 31 December 1991. He had opposed surrenders, but they began after his death. The group has been meeting more local opposition as residents are tired of the violence and disruption, and some energy has gone out of the movement.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In 1992, a large section of second-rung leaders and members surrendered to government authorities. These former members were allowed to retain their weapons to defend against their former colleagues; they were offered bank loans without any liabilities to help them re-integrate into society. This loose group, now called SULFA, has become an important element in the armed politics and business of [[Assam]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

The total number of ULFA militants to have laid down arms has gone up to 8,718. 4,993 cadres surrendered between 1991 and 1998. 3,435 surrendered between 1998 and 2005, when a new policy to deal with the ULFA was unveiled.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/story/234924.html "ULFA morale hit as more cadres surrender"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515214721/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/234924.html |date=15 May 2008 }}, ''[[The Indian Express]]'', 2 November 2007</ref> On 24 January 2012, one of northeast India's biggest surrender ceremonies took place in Assam's main city of Guwahati, when a total of 676 militants laid down their weapons.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120124192328/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/nation/northeast/700-militants-surrender-arms-assam-554 "700 militants surrender arms in Assam"], ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'', 24 January 2012</ref> In 2020, 1,675 militants of ULFA(I) and allied militant groups surrendered.<ref>{{cite news |title=63 members of 4 militant groups surrender before Assam CM Sarbananda Sonowal |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/63-members-of-4-militant-groups-surrender-before-assam-cm-sarbananda-sonowal-929950.html |access-date=4 January 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=21 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2003, ULFA had put forward a set of three preconditions for talks and negotiations with the Indian government. Thought government had rejected these preconditions. The preconditions were:

# The talks should be held in a third country.
# The talks should be held under United Nations supervision.
# The agenda of the talks should include the independence of Assam.

Despite dropping the first two key preconditions in 2004 and expressing readiness for talks, the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) faced an Indian government unwilling to negotiate on sovereignty. However, progress emerged when ULFA formed the "[[People's Consultative Group|People's Consultative Group" (PCG)]] in September 2005, aiming to pave the way for negotiations. The government welcomed this initiative. Following sustained army operations in [[Dibru-Saikhowa National Park]], ULFA suffered significant losses in leadership, personnel, and infrastructure, prompting their return to the negotiating table in 2005. According to [[The Times of India]], initial talks occurred at Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's residence in December 2005. Three rounds of peace talks with the 11-member PCG, led by Assamese writer [[Mamoni Raisom Goswami|Indira Goswami]], resulted in a temporary truce in August 2006. However, the truce collapsed by September 23 due to ULFA's resumption of violent activities against civilians, primarily targeting tea estates and oil pipelines. They also violated the ceasefire by attacking army columns.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://o3.indiatimes.com/palashbiswas/archive/2007/10/20/4793351.aspx | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=North East Military Peace Tango | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323122913/http://o3.indiatimes.com/palashbiswas/archive/2007/10/20/4793351.aspx | archive-date=23 March 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

On 24 June 2008, some leaders and cadres of the A and C companies of ULFA declared unilateral ceasefire at a press meet held at Amarpur in Tinsukia district. They declared the ceasefire to pressure the [[top brass]] of ULFA to sit on negotiation table with the Government of India. But the top brass of ULFA expelled the leaders of 28 Battalion led by [[Mrinal Hazarika]] and Jiten Dutta (who had managed to escape from the cordon of Indian Army in Dibru Saikhowa National Park). The group later renamed as ULFA (Pro-talk).

Lt [[Bijoy Chinese]] alias Bijoy Das, Commander of 28th Battalion also surrendered to state authorities in 2013.<ref>[http://www.assamtimes.org/hot-news/3909.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528214152/http://www.assamtimes.org/hot-news/3909.html|date=28 May 2010}}</ref>

Between 2009 and 2018, entire leadership of ULFA was either Captured or surrendered to the government thus leading to disbanding of the all ULFA battalions, besides only part of 27th battalion renamed as Kapili Gut remained. Currently, there are no commanders other than Paresh Baruah. All the others have been downgraded to staff and workers.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} As per the leaders of the insurgent group, the crackdown against Indian insurgent groups by the [[Awami League|Awami league government]] in Bangladesh pushed them towards joining peace talks with the Indian government in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Sumir |date=31 December 2023 |title=ULFA leaders say crackdown in Bangladesh forced them to join peace talks with govt |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam/ulfa-leaders-say-crackdown-in-bangladesh-forced-them-to-sign-peace-pact-with-government-2830771 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

In December 2023, a peace accord was signed by the Government of India, the [[Government of Assam|Assamese government]] and the pro-talks faction of ULFA, led by [[Arabinda Rajkhowa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb |first=Debraj |date=December 31, 2023 |title=ULFA peace accord: history of its 44-year-long insurgency, peace talks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/ulfa-peace-accord-history-of-its-44-year-long-insurgency-peace-talks-9088017/lite/ |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Achom |first=Debanish |date=December 29, 2023 |title=ULFA To Be Disbanded, Says Amit Shah On Historic Peace Deal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/centre-ulfa-sign-historic-peace-deal-in-delhi-4764142 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> This resulted in the disbandment of ULFA, the vacating of all designated camps, and the surrender of 8,200 cadres. The accord carried a Rs 1.5 lakh crore financial package, which includes setting up of an [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]] and an [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|IISER]], new railway and national highways in the state. [[Paresh Baruah|Paresh Barua]], leader of the anti-talks faction of the ULFA, termed the tripartite peace agreement signed with the pro-talks faction of the outfit as 'shameful' and was unwilling to come to the negotiating table unless the issue of 'Assam's sovereignty' is discussed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 2023 |title=Peace accord 'shameful', political settlement not possible when goals, ideals given up: ULFA(I) |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/assam/peace-accord-shameful-political-settlement-not-possible-when-goals-ideals-given-up-ulfai-2830618 |work=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

The ULFA(I) faction who is not part of the peace deal, which has around 200 members are still active in their camps in Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite news |author=M P Nathanael |date=18 January 2024 |title=Will Assam agreement end insurgency? |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/will-assam-agreement-end-insurgency-2855290}}</ref>

==Links to China==
The leftover faction of ULFA has been using China for shelter following expulsion from both Myanmar and Bangladesh. ULFA's commander-in-chief, Paresh Baruah, has taken refuge in [[Yunnan]], China. He is also receives funding and patronage from the Chinese [[Ministry of State Security (China)|Ministry of State Security]].<ref name="auto"/>

==See also==
*[[Operation Bajrang]]
*[[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
*[[People's Consultative Group]]
*[[Sanjukta Mukti Fouj]]
*[[List of terrorist organisations in India]]
*[[Secret killings of Assam]]
*[[List of top ULFA leaders]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==Footnotes==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Nath
| first = Sunil
| title = Assam: The Secessionist Insurgency and the Freedom of Minds
| journal = Faultlines
| volume = 13
| publisher = South Asia Terrorism Portal
| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume13/Article2.htm
| access-date = 29 December 2007 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027113256/http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Congress/7434/ulfa.htm ULFA Archived home page]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080406045824/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/1301D023-2F79-459F-91F7-D2BFA1186382.htm Bloody Tea] – Program on [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Aljazeera]] telecast beginning 30 May 2007. On YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ApgM8cbxF8 Part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP2JVQATGz0 Part 2]. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
*[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/terrorist_outfits/ulfa.htm ULFA – Terrorist Group from Assam] from [http://satp.org/ South Asia Terrorism Portal]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/assam.htm Assam] at GlobalSecurity.org
*[http://www.flonnet.com/stories/20070126002803200.htm Report on the most recent ULFA attack on poor migrant workers, January 2007]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/060614/48/652pv.html "''ULFA cadres went to Pak via Bangla for training in explosives, say Assam cops''"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – article in ''Yahoo! India News'' dated 15 June 2006
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/060614/48/652q3.html "Media gag must go, journalists tell ULFA"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – article in ''Yahoo! India News'' dated 15 June 2006
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/060614/48/652q9.html "'Respect right to freedom of expression':Media to ULFA"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – article in ''Yahoo! India News'' dated 15 June 2006
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/060612/139/650c7.html "''Assam on Red Alert following fresh ULFA strike''"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – article in ''Yahoo! India News'' dated 12 June 2006
*[http://in.news.yahoo.com/060612/210/64zu8.html "''Market blast kills at least 4 in Indian northeast''"]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – article in ''Yahoo! India News'' dated 12 June 2006
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/international/asia/15india.html "''Bomb kills 10 at India Independence Parade''"] – article in [[New York Times]] dated 15 August 2004
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120823081724/http://www.asianage.com/ideas/assam-how-ulfa-terrorism-altered-demographic-pattern-006 Assam: How Ulfa terrorism altered demographic pattern] dated 15 August 2012
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100413110935/http://sandhikhyan.org/ sandhikhyan – The e-Magazine of ULFA (Protalk)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110728141249/http://pti.news.ueltv.org/2009/12/03/National/ULFA-RAJKHOWA/Delhi Wayback Machine]

{{India separatist movements}}
{{Terror outfits}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:United Liberation Front of Asom}}
[[Category:1979 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Assamese nationalism]]
[[Category:Banned socialist parties]]
[[Category:Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:National liberation movements]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Sivasagar]]
[[Category:Terrorism in Assam]]

Loeb Classical Library

2026-03-09T04:39:24Z

AhmadFosbery49: improved article

{{Short description|Series of Greek and Latin texts with English translations}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}

[[File:Loeb Classical Library, Waterstones, Gower Street.jpg|thumb|Greek (green) and Latin (red) volumes of the Loeb Classical Library in [[Hatchards|Hatchard's]] bookshop [[London]]]]
[[File:Loeb Classical Library Homer.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Volume 170N of the Greek collection, revised edition]]

[[File:Loeb Classical Library.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Volume 6 of the Latin collection, second edition 1988]]
The '''Loeb Classical Library''' ('''LCL'''; named after [[James Loeb]]; {{IPAc-en|l|oʊ|b}}, {{IPA|de|løːp|lang}}) is a [[monographic series]] of books originally published by [[Heinemann_(publisher)|Heinemann]] and since 1934 by [[Harvard University Press]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/loeb/digital.html|title=Loeb Classical Library {{!}} Harvard University Press|website=Harvard University Press|quote=The Loeb Classical Library® is published and distributed by Harvard University Press.}}</ref> It has bilingual editions of [[ancient Greek literature|ancient Greek]] and [[Latin literature]], with the original Greek or Latin text on the left-hand page and a fairly literal translation on the facing page.
{{TOC limit|4}}

==History==
Under the inspiration drawn from the book series specializing in publishing classical texts exclusively in the original languages, such as the [[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]], established in 1849 or the [[Oxford Classical Texts]] book series, founded in 1894,<ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/title/8420743 Scriptorum classicorum bibliotheca Oxoniensis. 1894-.]</ref>  the Loeb Classical Library was conceived and initially funded by the Jewish-German-American banker and philanthropist [[James Loeb]] (1867–1933). The first volumes were edited by [[Thomas Ethelbert Page]], [[W. H. D. Rouse]], and [[Edward Capps]], and published by [[Heinemann (publisher)|William Heinemann, Ltd.]] (London) in 1912, already in their distinctive green (for Greek text) and red (for Latin) hardcover bindings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CAPPS, Edward|url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8593-capps-edward|access-date=2021-05-06|website=dbcs.rutgers.edu}}</ref> Since then scores of new titles have been added, and the earliest translations have been revised several times. In recent years, this has included the removal of [[bowdlerize|bowdlerization]] from earlier editions, which often reversed the gender of the subjects of romantic interest to disguise [[homosexual]] references or (in the case of early editions of [[Longus]]'s ''[[Daphnis and Chloe]]'') translated sexually explicit passages from the Ancient Greek into Latin, rather than English.<ref>{{cite web |title=The New Translations |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/loeb/translations.html |website=Loeb Classical Library |quote=A footnote then gave in Latin the real meaning of the Greek line. |access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref>

Since 1934, the library has been co-published with [[Harvard University]].<ref name="Hall1986">{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Max|title=Harvard University Press: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13EU0-KyL18C&pg=PA64|access-date=1 January 2013|year=1986|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674380806|pages=64–}}</ref> Profit from the editions continues to fund graduate student fellowships at [[Harvard University]].

The Loebs have only a minimal [[critical apparatus]], when compared to other publications of the text. They are intended for the amateur reader of Greek or Latin, and are so nearly ubiquitous as to be instantly recognizable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2006/08/found_in_translation.html|title=Found in Translation|last=Wilson|first=Emily|date=August 15, 2006|work=Slate|access-date=July 4, 2018|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}}</ref>

In 1917 [[Virginia Woolf]] wrote (in ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]''):

{{quote|The Loeb Library, with its Greek or Latin on one side of the page and its English on the other, came as a gift of freedom. ... The existence of the amateur was recognised by the publication of this Library, and to a great extent made respectable. ... The difficulty of Greek is not sufficiently dwelt upon, chiefly perhaps because the sirens who lure us to these perilous waters are generally scholars [who] have forgotten ... what those difficulties are. But for the ordinary amateur they are very real and very great; and we shall do well to recognise the fact and to make up our minds that we shall never be independent of our Loeb.<ref>{{cite magazine
| last = Woolf
| first = Virginia
| date = 24 May 1917
| title = 'The Perfect Language.' Review of vol. 2 of [[Greek Anthology|The Greek Anthology]], tr. W. R. Paton (Loeb Classical Library, Heinemann, 1917)
| magazine = [[The Times Literary Supplement]]
| issue = 801
| location = London
| page = 7
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Woolf|first=Virginia|title=The Essays of Virginia Woolf|volume=2|editor=Andrew McNeillie|publisher=The Hogarth Press|location=London|year=1987|pages=114–119}}</ref>
}}

Harvard University assumed complete responsibility for the series in 1989 and in recent years four or five new or re-edited volumes have been published annually.

In 2001, Harvard University Press began issuing a second series of books with a similar format. [[The I Tatti Renaissance Library]] presents key Renaissance works in Latin with a facing English translation; it is bound similarly to the Loeb Classics, but in a larger format and with blue covers. A third series, the [[Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library]], was introduced in 2010 covering works in Byzantine Greek, Medieval Latin, and Old English. Volumes have the same format as the I Tatti series, but with a brown cover. The [[Clay Sanskrit Library]], bound in teal cloth, was also modeled on the Loeb Classical Library.

As the command of Latin among generalist historians and archaeologists shrank in the course of the 20th century, professionals came increasingly to rely on these texts designed for amateurs. As [[Birgitta Hoffmann]] remarked in 2001 of [[Agricola (book)|Tacitus' ''Agricola'']], "Unfortunately the first thing that happens in bilingual versions like the Loebs is that most of this [[Critical apparatus|apparatus]] vanishes and, if you use a translation, there is usually no way of knowing that there were problems with the text in the first place."<ref>Birgitta Hoffmann, [http://www.theromangaskproject.org/?page_id=317 "Archaeology versus Tacitus' "Agricola": a first-century worst-case scenario"] given to the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference, (Dublin) 15 December 2001.</ref>

In 2014, the Loeb Classical Library Foundation and Harvard University Press launched the digital Loeb Classical Library, which they described as "an interconnected, fully searchable, perpetually growing, virtual library of all that is important in Greek and Latin literature".<ref>[http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/09/loeb-classical-library-1-0 Loeb Classical Library 1.0], Francesca Annicchiarico, ''Harvard Magazine'', September–October 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.loebclassics.com/page/aboutloeb About the Library {{!}} Loeb Classical Library]</ref>

==Influence==

The Loeb Library serves as a model to be emulated for:

* The [[Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library]] (medieval Latin, Byzantine Greek, and Old English; bound in pale brown), published by Harvard University Press.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-12-16 |title=Mysteries and Masterpieces |language=en |work=Harvard Magazine |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2012/01/mysteries-and-masterpieces |access-date=2023-02-27}}</ref>
* The [[Library of Arabic Literature]] (Arabic, bound in dark blue), published by [[New York University Press]]
* The [[Clay Sanskrit Library]] (transliterated Sanskrit; bound in teal), published by New York University Press and the JJC Foundation
* [[The I Tatti Renaissance Library]] (Italian Renaissance Latin Literature; bound in pale blue), founded in 2001 and published by [[Harvard University Press]];<ref>[https://www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=1145 The I Tatti Renaissance Library]</ref>
* The [[Murty Classical Library of India]] (various Indian languages and Persian; bound in cerise), founded in 2015 and published by Harvard University Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murty Classical Library of India {{!}} Harvard University Press |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=2015 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=hup.harvard.edu}}</ref>
* The {{ill|Seiyō koten sōsho Western (Greek and Latin) Classics Library|ja|西洋古典叢書}}, established in 1997 and published by the Kyoto University Press.<ref>[https://www.kyoto-up.or.jp/series.php?id=104 西洋古典叢書第I期] {{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref>[https://www.kyoto-up.or.jp/series.php?id=103 西洋古典叢書] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>

* The Biblioteka Renesansowa ("Renaissance Library"), founded in 2008 and published by the [[:pl:Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego|Warsaw University Press]].<ref>[http://ifk.uw.edu.pl/dzialalnosc/biblioteka-renesansowa,41.html Biblioteka Renesansowa]</ref>
* The Bibliotheca Graecorum et Romanorum Mexicana, founded in 1944 and published by the Institute for Philological Research of the [[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]].<ref>[http://scriptorum.humanidades.unam.mx/SitiosInteres/Catalogo Bibliotheca Graecorum et Romanorum Mexicana]</ref>
* The [[:ca:Col·lecció Fundació Bernat Metge]] (Greek and Latin Classics), founded in 1922 for publishing critical bilingual editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel Catalan translations.<ref>[https://lacasadelsclassics.cat/cataleg/ LA CASA DELS CLÀSSICS]</ref><ref>[https://fonsinstitutcambo.bnc.cat/en/patronage-initiatives/publishing-initiatives/col·leccio-bernat-metge-greek-and-latin-classics/ Col·lecció Bernat Metge (Greek and Latin Classics)]</ref>
* The {{ill|Biblioteca Clásica Gredos|es}}, founded in 1977 by the publishing house [[:es:Editorial Gredos]] in Barcelona, for publishing critical bilingual editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel Spanish translations.
* The [[Collection Budé]], founded in 1920 by the publishing house [[Les Belles Lettres]] in Paris, for publishing critical bilingual editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel French translations.
* The {{ill|Sammlung Tusculum|de}}, founded in 1923 by the publishing house [[:de:Ernst-Heimeran-Verlag]], for publishing critical bilingual editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel German translations.
* The {{ill|Scrittori greci e latini|it}} book series, founded in 1974 by the publishing house [[Arnoldo Mondadori Editore]] in [[Milan]], for publishing critical bilingual editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel Italian translations.<ref>[https://www.fondazionevalla.it/scrittori-greci-e-latini/ Scrittori greci e latini.]</ref> In 1991 the publisher established a paperback series of bilingual editions of classics {{ill|Classici Greci e Latini (Oscar Mondadori)|it}}, published under the imprint of {{ill|Oscar Mondadori|it}}.
* The Soviet {{ill|Biblioteka antichnoi literatury|ru|Библиотека античной литературы}} Library of Classical (Greek and Latin) Literature (1963{{ndash}}1989), published by the publishing house [[Khudozhestvennaya Literatura]] in [[Moscow]], for bringing out critical editions of classical texts in Russian.
* The {{ill|Biblioteka antychnoi literatury|uk|Бібліотека античної літератури (Апріорі)}} Library of Classical (Greek and Latin) Literature, founded in 2017 by the publishing house {{ill|Apriori|uk|Апріорі (видавництво)}} in [[Lviv]], for bringing out critical editions of classical texts in Ukrainian.
* The Clássicos gregos & latinos book series,<ref>[https://www.uc.pt/fluc/eclassicos/indices/edicoes70 Colecção: Clássicos Gregos e Latinos]</ref> founded in 1989 by the publishing house {{ill|Edições 70|pt}} in [[Lisbon]], for bringing out critical editions of classical texts in Portuguese.
* The Klassikeroversættelser book series,<ref>[https://www.universitypress.dk/shop/klassikeroversaettelser-27c1.html Klassikeroversættelser]</ref> founded in 2000<ref>[https://www.universitypress.dk/images/pdf/2811.pdf Trojaromanerne, p. 3 (see: Tidligere bind i serien Klassikeroversættelser).]</ref> by the [[University Press of Southern Denmark]] in [[Odense]], for bringing out critical editions of classical texts in Danish.
* The collection Klassieke bibliotheek, published between 1949 and 1954 by the publishing house [[:nl:Uitgeverij en Drukkerij De Spaarnestad]] in [[Haarlem]], for making the best classical texts available in Dutch.<ref>[https://www.marktplaats.nl/v/boeken/partijen-en-verzamelingen/m2119427022-12-delige-serie-klassieke-bibliotheek-grieks-en-latijn 12 delige serie Klassieke bibliotheek Grieks en Latijn.]</ref>
* The book series Humanitas Yunan ve Latin Klasikleri,<ref>[https://jimithekewl.com/humanitas-yunanca-latince/ Humanitas. Yunan ve Latin Klasikleri Dizisi (Tanıtım Yazısı).]</ref><ref>[https://www.amazon.com.tr/s?k=Humanitas+Yunan+ve+Latin+Klasikleri&i=stripbooks&__mk_tr_TR=ÅMÅŽÕÑ&crid=18E79YOIY0MFQ&sprefix=humanitas+yunan+ve+latin+klasikleri%2Cstripbooks%2C54&ref=nb_sb_noss Humanitas Yunan ve Latin Klasikleri.]</ref> founded in the mid-2000s<ref>[https://www.nadirkitap.com/symposion-humanitas-yunan-ve-latin-klasikleri-serisi-platon-eflatun-kitap19656788.html Humanitas Yunan ve Latin Klasikleri Serisi.]</ref> by the publishing house Kabalcı in [[Istanbul]] for bringing out critical editions of classical Greek and Latin texts with parallel Turkish translations.
* In [[Romania]], the three following book series have published Greek and Latin originals, alongside Romanian translations, namely, the Biblioteca textelor clasice greceşti şi latineşti (Bucharest: Casa Școalelor, 1919-1928),<ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=se%3ABiblioteca+textelor+clasice+greceşti+şi+latineşti&limit=10&offset=1&orderBy=publicationDateAsc Casa Școalelor.]</ref><ref>[https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?tip-publicatie=periodic&volum=14915-anale--ii-1928 Anale, 1928, Cornelii Taciti Annalium Libri XI - XVI: text latin publicat cu adnotații românești, seria Biblioteca Textelor Clasice Grecești și Latinești.]</ref> the Scriitori greci şi latini book series (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1959-1989),<ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=Scriitori+greci+şi+latini&offset=1 Scriitori greci şi latini.]</ref> and the Clasici latini și greci – Rubicon book series (Oradea: Ratio et Revelatio, 2021-).<ref>[https://www.ratioetrevelatio.com/Cărți/clasici-latini-si-greci-rubicon/ Clasici latini și greci - Rubicon.]</ref>

==Volumes==
''The listings of Loeb volumes at online bookstores and library catalogues vary considerably and are often best navigated via [[ISBN]]s.''

===Greek===

====Poetry====

=====[[Homer]]=====
* '''L170N''') [[Iliad]], Second Edition: Volume I. Books 1–12. {{isbn|978-0-674-99579-6}}.
* '''L171N''') Iliad: Volume II. Books 13–24. {{isbn|978-0-674-99580-2}}.
* '''L104''') [[Odyssey]]: Volume I. Books 1–12. {{isbn|978-0-674-99561-1}}.
* '''L105''') Odyssey: Volume II. Books 13–24. {{isbn|978-0-674-99562-8}}.

=====[[Hesiod]]=====
* '''L057N''') Volume I. [[Theogony]]. [[Works and Days]]. Testimonia. {{isbn|978-0-674-99720-2}}.
* '''L503''') Volume II. [[Shield of Heracles|The Shield]]. [[Catalogue of Women]]. Other Fragments. {{isbn|978-0-674-99721-9}}.

=====[[Nonnus]]=====
* '''L344''') [[Dionysiaca]]: Volume I. Books 1–15 {{isbn|978-0674993792}}.
* '''L354''') Dionysiaca: Volume II. Books 16–35 {{isbn|978-0674993914}}.
* '''L356''') Dionysiaca: Volume III. Books 36–48 {{isbn|978-0674993938}}.

=====Other [[Dactylic hexameter|epic poetry]]=====
* '''L496''') [[Homeric Hymns]]. Homeric Apocrypha. Lives of Homer. {{isbn|0674996062}}.
* '''L497''') Greek Epic Fragments (including the [[Epic Cycle]]). {{isbn|0674996054}}.
* '''L001''') [[Apollonius Rhodius]]: [[Argonautica]]. {{isbn|0674990013}}.
* '''L019N''') [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]]: [[Posthomerica]]. {{isbn|0674997166}}.
* '''L219''') [[Oppian]], [[Colluthus]], and [[Tryphiodorus]]. {{isbn|0674992415}}.

=====Lyric, iambic and elegiac poetry=====
* '''L142''') Greek Lyric Poetry: Volume I. [[Sappho]] and [[Alcaeus of Mytilene|Alcaeus]]
* '''L143''') Greek Lyric Poetry: Volume II. [[Anacreon (poet)|Anacreon]], [[Anacreontea]], Choral Lyric from Olympus to [[Alcman]]
* '''L476''') Greek Lyric Poetry: Volume III. [[Stesichorus]], [[Ibycus]], [[Simonides of Ceos|Simonides]], and Others
* '''L461''') Greek Lyric Poetry: Volume IV. [[Bacchylides]], [[Corinna]], and Others
* '''L144''') Greek Lyric Poetry: Volume V. The New School of Poetry and Anonymous Songs and Hymns
* '''L258N''') Greek Elegiac Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC. [[Tyrtaeus]], [[Solon]], [[Theognis]], and Others
* '''L259N''') Greek Iambic Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC. [[Archilochus]], [[Simonides of Amorgos|Semonides]], [[Hipponax]], and Others
* '''L056''') [[Pindar]]: Volume I. [[Pindar#Victory odes|Olympian Odes]]. [[Pindar#Victory odes|Pythian Odes]]. {{isbn|978-0-674-99564-2}}.
* '''L485''') [[Pindar]]: Volume II. [[Pindar#Victory odes|Nemean Odes]]. [[Pindar#Victory odes|Isthmian Odes]]. Fragments. {{isbn|978-0-674-99534-5}}.

=====Other [[Hellenistic poetry]]=====
* '''L129''') [[Callimachus]]: Hymns, Epigrams. [[Lycophron]]. [[Aratus]].
* '''L421''') Callimachus: [[Aetia (poem)|Aetia]], [[Iambi]], [[Hecale]] and Other Fragments. [[Hero and Leander]]
* '''L550''') Callimachus: Miscellaneous Epics and Elegies. Other Fragments. Testimonia
* '''L028''') Greek [[Bucolic]] Poets: [[Theocritus]]. [[Bion of Smyrna|Bion]]. [[Moschus]]
* '''L508''') Hellenistic Collection: [[Philitas]]. [[Alexander of Aetolia]]. [[Hermesianax (poet)|Hermesianax]]. [[Euphorion of Chalcis|Euphorion]]. [[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]]

=====[[Greek Anthology]]=====
* '''L067''') Volume I. Book 1: Christian Epigrams. Book 2: Christodorus of Thebes in Egypt. Book 3: The [[Cyzicene epigrams|Cyzicene Epigrams]]. Book 4: The Proems of the Different Anthologies. Book 5: The Amatory Epigrams. Book 6: The Dedicatory Epigrams
* '''L068''') Volume II. Book 7: Sepulchral Epigrams. Book 8: The Epigrams of St. Gregory the Theologian
* '''L084''') Volume III. Book 9: The Declamatory Epigrams
* '''L085''') Volume IV. Book 10: The Hortatory and Admonitory Epigrams. Book 11: The Convivial and Satirical Epigrams. Book 12: [[Straton of Sardis|Strato]]'s Musa Puerilis
* '''L086''') Volume V. Book 13: Epigrams in Various Metres. Book 14: Arithmetical Problems, Riddles, Oracles. Book 15: Miscellanea. Book 16: Epigrams of the Planudean Anthology Not in the Palatine Manuscript

====Drama====

=====[[Aeschylus]]=====
* '''L145N''') Volume I. [[The Persians|Persians]]. [[Seven Against Thebes]]. [[The Suppliants (Aeschylus)|Suppliant Maidens]]. [[Prometheus Bound]]. {{isbn|978-0-674-99627-4}}.
* '''L146N''') Volume II. Oresteia: [[Agamemnon (play)|Agamemnon]]. [[Libation-Bearers]]. [[The Eumenides|Eumenides]]. {{isbn|978-0-674-99628-1}}.
* '''L505''') Volume III. Fragments. {{isbn|978-0-674-99629-8}}.

=====[[Sophocles]]=====
* '''L020''') Volume I. [[Ajax (Sophocles)|Ajax]]. [[Electra (Sophocles)|Electra]]. [[Oedipus Tyrannus]] {{ISBN|0-674-99557-0}}
* '''L021''') Volume II. [[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigone]]. [[The Women of Trachis]]. [[Philoctetes (Sophocles)|Philoctetes]]. [[Oedipus at Colonus]] {{ISBN|0-674-99558-9}}
* '''L483''') Volume III. Fragments {{ISBN|0-674-99532-5}}

=====[[Euripides]]=====
* '''L012''') Volume I. [[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]. [[Alcestis (play)|Alcestis]]. [[Medea (play)|Medea]]
* '''L484''') Volume II. [[Heracleidae (play)|Children of Heracles]]. [[Hippolytus (play)|Hippolytus]]. [[Andromache (play)|Andromache]]. [[Hecuba (play)|Hecuba]]
* '''L009''') Volume III. [[The Suppliants (Euripides)|Suppliant Women]]. [[Electra (Euripides)|Electra]]. [[Heracles (Euripides)|Heracles]]
* '''L010N''') Volume IV. [[Trojan Women]]. [[Iphigeneia in Tauris|Iphigenia among the Taurians]]. [[Ion (play)|Ion]]
* '''L011N''') Volume V. [[Helen (play)|Helen]]. [[Phoenician Women]]. [[Orestes (play)|Orestes]]
* '''L495''') Volume VI. [[The Bacchae|Bacchae]]. [[Iphigenia at Aulis]]. [[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]
* '''L504''') Volume VII. Fragments: Aegeus-Meleager. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99625-0}}.
* '''L506''') Volume VIII. Fragments: Oedipus-Chrysippus. Other Fragments. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99631-1}}.

=====[[Aristophanes]]=====
* '''L178''') Volume I. [[Acharnians]]. [[The Knights|Knights]]
* '''L488''') Volume II. [[The Clouds|Clouds]]. [[The Wasps|Wasps]]. [[Peace (play)|Peace]]
* '''L179N''') Volume III. [[The Birds (play)|Birds]]. [[Lysistrata]]. [[Thesmophoriazusae|Women at the Thesmophoria]]
* '''L180N''') Volume IV. [[The Frogs|Frogs]]. [[Assemblywomen]]. [[Plutus (play)|Wealth]]
* '''L502''') Volume V. Fragments {{ISBN|0-674-99615-1}}

=====Fragments of [[Old Comedy]]=====
* '''L513''') Volume I. Alcaeus to Diocles
* '''L514''') Volume II. Diopeithes to Pherecrates
* '''L515''') Volume III. Philonicus to Xenophon. Adespota

=====[[Menander]]=====
* '''L132''') Volume I. [[Aspis (Menander)|Aspis]]. [[Georgos]]. [[Dis Exapaton]]. [[Dyskolos]]. [[Encheiridion (play)|Encheiridion]]. [[Epitrepontes]]
* '''L459''') Volume II. [[Heros (play)|Heros]]. [[Theophoroumene]]. [[Karchedonios]]. [[Kitharistes]]. [[Kolax]]. [[Koneiazomenai]]. [[Leukadia]]. [[Misoumenos]]. [[Perikeiromene]]. [[Perinthia]]
* '''L460N''') Volume III. [[Samia (play)|Samia]]. [[Sikyonioi]]. [[Synaristosai]]. [[Phasma]]. Unidentified Fragments

====Philosophers====

=====[[Pre-Socratic philosophy|Early Greek Philosophy]]=====
* '''L524''') Volume I. Introductory and Reference Materials
* '''L525''') Volume II. Beginnings and Early Ionian Thinkers, Part 1
* '''L526''') Volume III. Early Ionian Thinkers, Part 2
* '''L527''') Volume IV. Western Greek Thinkers, Part 1
* '''L528''') Volume V. Western Greek Thinkers, Part 2
* '''L529''') Volume VI. Later Ionian and Athenian Thinkers, Part 1
* '''L530''') Volume VII. Later Ionian and Athenian Thinkers, Part 2
* '''L531''') Volume VIII. Sophists, Part 1
* '''L532''') Volume IX. Sophists, Part 2

=====[[Aetius (philosopher)|Aetius]]=====
* '''L555''') Placita

=====[[Aristotle]]=====
* '''L325''') Volume I. [[Categories (Aristotle)|Categories]]. [[De Interpretatione|On Interpretation]]. [[Prior Analytics]] {{ISBN|0-674-99359-4}}
* '''L391''') Volume II. [[Posterior Analytics]]. [[Topics (Aristotle)|Topica]] {{ISBN|0-674-99430-2}}
* '''L400''') Volume III. [[On Sophistical Refutations]]. [[On Generation and Corruption|On Coming-to-be and Passing Away]]. [[On the Cosmos]] {{ISBN|0-674-99441-8}}
* '''L228''') Volume IV. [[Physics (Aristotle)|Physics]], Books 1–4 {{ISBN|0-674-99251-2}}
* '''L255''') Volume V. Physics, Books 5–8 {{ISBN|0-674-99281-4}}
* '''L338''') Volume VI. [[On the Heavens]] {{ISBN|0-674-99372-1}}
* '''L397''') Volume VII. [[Meteorologica]] {{ISBN|0-674-99436-1}}
* '''L288''') Volume VIII. [[On the Soul]]. [[Parva Naturalia]]. [[On Breath]] {{ISBN|0-674-99318-7}}
* '''L437''') Volume IX. [[History of Animals]], Books 1–3 {{ISBN|0-674-99481-7}}
* '''L438''') Volume X. [[History of Animals]], Books 4–6 {{ISBN|0-674-99482-5}}
* '''L439''') Volume XI. [[History of Animals]], Books 7–10 {{ISBN|0-674-99483-3}}
* '''L323''') Volume XII. [[On the Parts of Animals|Parts of Animals]]. [[On the Gait of Animals|Movement of Animals]]. [[Progression of Animals]] {{ISBN|0-674-99357-8}}
* '''L366''') Volume XIII. [[On the Generation of Animals|Generation of Animals]] {{ISBN|0-674-99403-5}}
* '''L307''') Volume XIV. Minor Works: [[On Colors|On Colours]]. [[On Things Heard]]. [[Physiognomonics|Physiognomics]]. [[On Plants]]. [[On Marvellous Things Heard]]. [[Mechanical Problems]]. [[On Indivisible Lines]]. [[The Situations and Names of Winds]]. [[On Melissus, Xenophanes, Gorgias]] {{ISBN|0-674-99338-1}}
* '''L316''') Volume XV. [[Problems (Aristotle)|Problems]], Books 1–21 {{ISBN|0-674-99349-7}}
* '''L317''') Volume XVI. Problems, Books 22–38. Rhetorica ad Alexandrum {{ISBN|0-674-99350-0}}
* '''L271''') Volume XVII. [[Metaphysics (Aristotle)|Metaphysics]], Books 1–9 {{ISBN|0-674-99299-7}}
* '''L287''') Volume XVIII. Metaphysics, Books 10–14. [[Oeconomica]]. [[Magna Moralia]] {{ISBN|0-674-99317-9}}
* '''L073''') Volume XIX. [[Nicomachean Ethics]] {{ISBN|0-674-99081-1}}
* '''L285''') Volume XX. [[Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)|Athenian Constitution]]. [[Eudemian Ethics]]. [[Virtues and Vices]] {{ISBN|0-674-99315-2}}
* '''L264''') Volume XXI. [[Politics (Aristotle)|Politics]] {{ISBN|0-674-99291-1}}
* '''L193''') Volume XXII. [[Rhetoric (Aristotle)|The Art of Rhetoric]] {{ISBN|0-674-99212-1}}
* '''L199''') Volume XXIII. [[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]. [[Longinus (literature)|Longinus]], [[On the Sublime]]. Demetrius, [[On Style]] {{ISBN|0-674-99563-5}}

=====[[Athenaeus]]=====
* '''L204''') [[The Deipnosophists]]: Volume I. Books 1–3.106e
* '''L208''') The Deipnosophists: Volume II. Books 3.106e-5
* '''L224''') The Deipnosophists: Volume III. Books 6–7
* '''L235''') The Deipnosophists: Volume IV. Books 8–10
* '''L274''') The Deipnosophists: Volume V. Books 11–12
* '''L327''') The Deipnosophists: Volume VI. Books 13–14.653b
* '''L345''') The Deipnosophists: Volume VII. Books 14.653b-15
* '''L519''') The Deipnosophists: Volume VIII. Book 15

=====[[Epictetus]]=====
* '''L131''') Volume I. [[Discourses of Epictetus|Discourses]], Books 1–2
* '''L218''') Volume II. Discourses, Books 3–4. Fragments. The [[Enchiridion of Epictetus|Encheiridion]]

=====[[Marcus Aurelius]]=====
* '''L058''') Collected works

=====[[Maximus of Tyre]]=====
* '''L553''') Philosophical Orations: Volume I
* '''L554''') Philosophical Orations: Volume 2

=====[[Philo]]=====
* '''L226''') Volume I. On the Creation. Allegorical Interpretation of Genesis 2 and 3
* '''L227''') Volume II. On the Cherubim. The Sacrifices of Abel and Cain. The Worse Attacks the Better. On the Posterity and Exile of Cain. On the Giants
* '''L247''') Volume III. On the Unchangeableness of God. On Husbandry. Concerning Noah's Work As a Planter. On Drunkenness. On Sobriety
* '''L261''') Volume IV. On the Confusion of Tongues. On the Migration of Abraham. Who Is the Heir of Divine Things? On Mating with the Preliminary Studies
* '''L275''') Volume V. On Flight and Finding. On the Change of Names. On Dreams
* '''L289''') Volume VI. On Abraham. On Joseph. On Moses
* '''L320''') Volume VII. On the Decalogue. On the Special Laws, Books 1–3
* '''L341''') Volume VIII. On the Special Laws, Book 4. On the Virtues. On Rewards and Punishments
* '''L363''') Volume IX. Every Good Man is Free. On the Contemplative Life. On the Eternity of the World. Against Flaccus. Apology for the Jews. On Providence
* '''L379''') Volume X. On the Embassy to Gaius. General Indexes
* '''L380''') Supplement I: Questions and Answers on Genesis
* '''L401''') Supplement II: Questions and Answers on Exodus

=====[[Plato]]=====
* '''L036''') Volume I. [[Euthyphro]]. [[Apology (Plato)|Apology]]. [[Crito]]. [[Phaedo]]. [[Phaedrus (dialogue)|Phaedrus]] {{ISBN|0-674-99040-4}}
* '''L036N''') Volume I. [[Euthyphro]]. [[Apology (Plato)|Apology]]. [[Crito]]. [[Phaedo]].
* '''L165''') Volume II. [[Laches (dialogue)|Laches]]. [[Protagoras (dialogue)|Protagoras]]. [[Meno]]. [[Euthydemus (dialogue)|Euthydemus]] {{ISBN|0-674-99183-4}}
* '''L166''') Volume III. [[Lysis (dialogue)|Lysis]]. [[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]. [[Gorgias (dialogue)|Gorgias]] {{ISBN|0-674-99184-2}}
* '''L167''') Volume IV. [[Cratylus (dialogue)|Cratylus]]. [[Parmenides (dialogue)|Parmenides]]. [[Hippias major|Greater Hippias]]. [[Lesser Hippias]] {{ISBN|0-674-99185-0}}
* '''L237''') Volume V. [[Republic (Plato)|The Republic]], Books 1–5 {{ISBN|0-674-99262-8}}
* '''L276''') Volume VI. [[Republic (Plato)|The Republic]], Books 6–10 {{ISBN|0-674-99304-7}}
* '''L123''') Volume VII. [[Theaetetus (dialogue)|Theaetetus]]. [[Sophist (dialogue)|Sophist]] {{ISBN|0-674-99137-0}}
* '''L164''') Volume VIII. [[Statesman (dialogue)|Statesman]]. [[Philebus]]. [[Ion (Plato)|Ion]] {{ISBN|0-674-99182-6}}
* '''L234''') Volume IX. [[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]. [[Critias (dialogue)|Critias]]. [[Clitophon (dialogue)|Cleitophon]]. [[Menexenus (dialogue)|Menexenus]]. [[Epistles (Plato)|Epistles]] {{ISBN|0-674-99257-1}}
* '''L187''') Volume X. [[Laws (Plato)|Laws]], Books 1–6 {{ISBN|0-674-99206-7}}
* '''L192''') Volume XI. [[Laws (Plato)|Laws]], Books 7–12 {{ISBN|0-674-99211-3}}
* '''L201''') Volume XII. [[Charmides (dialogue)|Charmides]]. Alcibiades [[First Alcibiades|1]] & [[Second Alcibiades|2]]. [[Hipparchus (dialogue)|Hipparchus]]. [[Rival Lovers|The Lovers]]. [[Theages]]. [[Minos (dialogue)|Minos]]. [[Epinomis]] {{ISBN|0-674-99221-0}}

=====[[Plotinus]]=====
* '''L440''') Volume I. Porphyry's Life of Plotinus. [[Enneads|Ennead]] 1
* '''L441''') Volume II. Ennead 2
* '''L442''') Volume III. Ennead 3
* '''L443''') Volume IV. Ennead 4
* '''L444''') Volume V. Ennead 5
* '''L445''') Volume VI. Ennead 6.1–5
* '''L468''') Volume VII. Ennead 6.6–9

=====[[Plutarch]]=====
* '''L197''') [[Moralia]]: Volume I. The Education of Children. How the Young Man Should Study Poetry. On Listening to Lectures. How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend. How a Man May Become Aware of His Progress in Virtue
* '''L222''') Moralia: Volume II. How to Profit by One's Enemies. On Having Many Friends. Chance. Virtue and Vice. Letter of Condolence to Apollonius. Advice About Keeping Well. Advice to Bride and Groom. The Dinner of the Seven Wise Men. Superstition
* '''L245''') Moralia: Volume III. Sayings of Kings and Commanders. Sayings of Romans. Sayings of Spartans. The Ancient Customs of the Spartans. Sayings of Spartan Women. Bravery of Women
* '''L305''') Moralia: Volume IV. Roman Questions. Greek Questions. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories. On the Fortune of the Romans. On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander. Were the Athenians More Famous in War or in Wisdom?
* '''L306''') Moralia: Volume V. Isis and Osiris. The E at Delphi. The Oracles at Delphi No Longer Given in Verse. The Obsolescence of Oracles
* '''L337''') Moralia: Volume VI. Can Virtue Be Taught? On Moral Virtue. On the Control of Anger. On Tranquility of Mind. On Brotherly Love. On Affection for Offspring. Whether Vice Be Sufficient to Cause Unhappiness. Whether the Affections of the Soul are Worse Than Those of the Body. Concerning Talkativeness. On Being a Busybody
* '''L405''') Moralia: Volume VII. On Love of Wealth. On Compliancy. On Envy and Hate. On Praising Oneself Inoffensively. On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance. On Fate. On the Sign of Socrates. On Exile. Consolation to His Wife
* '''L424''') Moralia: Volume VIII. Table-talk, Books 1–6
* '''L425''') Moralia: Volume IX. Table-Talk, Books 7–9. Dialogue on Love
* '''L321''') Moralia: Volume X. Love Stories. That a Philosopher Ought to Converse Especially With Men in Power. To an Uneducated Ruler. Whether an Old Man Should Engage in Public Affairs. Precepts of Statecraft. On Monarchy, Democracy, and Oligarchy. That We Ought Not To Borrow. Lives of the Ten Orators. Summary of a Comparison Between Aristophanes and Menander
* '''L426''') Moralia: Volume XI. On the Malice of Herodotus. Causes of Natural Phenomena
* '''L406''') Moralia: Volume XII. Concerning the Face Which Appears in the Orb of the Moon. On the Principle of Cold. Whether Fire or Water Is More Useful. Whether Land or Sea Animals Are Cleverer. Beasts Are Rational. On the Eating of Flesh
* '''L427''') Moralia: Volume XIII. Part 1. Platonic Essays
* '''L470''') Moralia: Volume XIII. Part 2. Stoic Essays
* '''L428''') Moralia: Volume XIV. That Epicurus Actually Makes a Pleasant Life Impossible. Reply to Colotes in Defence of the Other Philosophers. Is "Live Unknown" a Wise Precept? On Music
* '''L429''') Moralia: Volume XV. Fragments
* '''L499''') Moralia: Volume XVI. Index

=====[[Ptolemy]]=====
* '''L435''') [[Tetrabiblos]]

=====[[Sextus Empiricus]]=====
* '''L273''') Volume I. [[Outlines of Pyrrhonism]]
* '''L291''') Volume II. [[Against the Logicians]]
* '''L311''') Volume III. [[Against the Physicists]]. [[Against the Ethicists]]
* '''L382''') Volume IV. [[Against the Professors]]

=====[[Theophrastus]]=====
* '''L070''') [[Enquiry into Plants]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L079''') Enquiry into Plants: Volume II. Books 6–9. [[Treatise on Odours]]. [[Concerning Weather Signs]]
* '''L225''') Characters. Mimes. [[Cercidas]] and the Choliambic Poets
* '''L225N''') Characters. Herodas, Mimes. [[Sophron]] and Other Mime Fragments
* '''L471''') [[De Causis Plantarum]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L474''') De Causis Plantarum: Volume II. Books 3–4
* '''L475''') De Causis Plantarum: Volume III. Books 5–6

=====Greek Mathematics (extracts)=====
* '''L335''') Greek Mathematical Works: Volume I. From [[Thales]] to [[Euclid]]. {{isbn|978-0-674-99369-3}}.
* '''L362''') Greek Mathematical Works: Volume II. From [[Aristarchus of Samos|Aristarchus]] to [[Pappus of Alexandria|Pappus]]. {{isbn|978-0-674-99399-0}}.

====Historians====

=====[[Appian]]=====
* '''L002N''') Roman History: Volume I. Books 1–7 (New edition by Brian McGing)
* '''L003N''') Roman History: Volume II. Books 8–10 (New edition by Brian McGing)
* '''L004N''') Roman History: Volume III. Books 11–12 (New edition by Brian McGing)
* '''L005N''') Roman History: Volume IV. Civil Wars, Books 1–2 (New edition by Brian McGing)
* '''L543''') Roman History: Volume V: Civil Wars, Books 3–4
* '''L544''') Roman History: Volume VI: Civil Wars, Book 5. Fragments

=====[[Arrian]]=====
* '''L236''') Volume I. [[Anabasis of Alexander]], Books 1–4
* '''L269''') Volume II. Anabasis of Alexander, Books 5–7. Indica

=====[[Dio Cassius]]=====
* '''L032''') Roman History: Volume I. Fragments of Books 1–11
* '''L037''') Roman History: Volume II. Fragments of Books 12–35 and of Uncertain Reference
* '''L053''') Roman History: Volume III. Books 36–40
* '''L066''') Roman History: Volume IV. Books 41–45
* '''L082''') Roman History: Volume V. Books 46–50
* '''L083''') Roman History: Volume VI. Books 51–55
* '''L175''') Roman History: Volume VII. Books 56–60
* '''L176''') Roman History: Volume VIII. Books 61–70
* '''L177''') Roman History: Volume IX. Books 71–80

=====[[Diodorus Siculus]]=====
* '''L279''') Volume I. [[Bibliotheca historica|Library of History]], Books 1–2.34. {{isbn|978-0-674-99307-5}}.
* '''L303''') Volume II. Library of History, Books 2.35–4.58. {{isbn|978-0-674-99334-1}}.
* '''L340''') Volume III. Library of History, Books 4.59–8. {{isbn|978-0-674-99375-4}}.
* '''L375''') Volume IV. Library of History, Books 9–12.40. {{isbn|978-0-674-99413-3}}.
* '''L384''') Volume V. Library of History, Books 12.41–13. {{isbn|978-0-674-99422-5}}.
* '''L399''') Volume VI. Library of History, Books 14–15.19. {{isbn|978-0-674-99439-3}}.
* '''L389''') Volume VII. Library of History, Books 15.20–16.65. {{isbn|978-0-674-99428-7}}.
* '''L422''') Volume VIII. Library of History, Books 16.66–17
* '''L377''') Volume IX. Library of History, Books 18–19.65
* '''L390''') Volume X. Library of History, Books 19.66–20
* '''L409''') Volume XI. Library of History, Fragments of Books 21–32
* '''L423''') Volume XII. Library of History, Fragments of Books 33–40

=====[[Herodian]]=====
* '''L454''') [[History of the Empire]]: Volume I. Books 1–4
* '''L455''') History of the Empire: Volume II. Books 5–8

=====[[Herodotus]]=====
* '''L117''') [[Histories (Herodotus)|The Persian Wars]]: Volume I. Books 1–2. {{ISBN|0-674-99130-3}}
* '''L118''') The Persian Wars: Volume II. Books 3–4. {{ISBN|0-674-99131-1}}
* '''L119''') The Persian Wars: Volume III. Books 5–7. {{ISBN|0-674-99133-8}}
* '''L120''') The Persian Wars: Volume IV. Books 8–9. {{ISBN|0-674-99134-6}}

=====[[Josephus]]=====
* '''L186''') Volume I. [[The Life of Flavius Josephus]]. [[Against Apion]]
* '''L203''') Volume II. [[The Jewish War]], Books 1–2
* '''L487''') Volume III. The Jewish War, Books 3–4
* '''L210''') Volume IV. The Jewish War, Books 5–7:
* '''L242''') Volume V. [[Jewish Antiquities]], Books 1–3
* '''L490''') Volume VI. Jewish Antiquities, Books 4–6
* '''L281''') Volume VII. Jewish Antiquities, Books 7–8
* '''L326''') Volume VIII. Jewish Antiquities, Books 9–11
* '''L365''') Volume IX. Jewish Antiquities, Books 12–13
* '''L489''') Volume X. Jewish Antiquities, Books 14–15
* '''L410''') Volume XI. Jewish Antiquities, Books 16–17
* '''L433''') Volume XII. Jewish Antiquities, Books 18–19
* '''L456''') Volume XIII. Jewish Antiquities, Book 20

=====[[Manetho]]=====
* '''L350''') [[Aegyptiaca|History of Egypt]] and Other Works

=====[[Polybius]]=====
* '''L128''') [[The Histories (Polybius)|Histories]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L137''') Histories: Volume II. Books 3–4
* '''L138''') Histories: Volume III. Books 5–8
* '''L159''') Histories: Volume IV. Books 9–15
* '''L160''') Histories: Volume V. Books 16–27
* '''L161''') Histories: Volume VI. Books 28–39

=====[[Procopius]]=====
* '''L048''') Volume I. [[Procopius#History of the Wars|History of the Wars]], Books 1–2. (Persian War)
* '''L081''') Volume II. History of the Wars, Books 3–4. (Vandalic War)
* '''L107''') Volume III. History of the Wars, Books 5–6.15. (Gothic War)
* '''L173''') Volume IV. History of the Wars, Books 6.16–7.35. (Gothic War)
* '''L217''') Volume V. History of the Wars, Books 7.36–8. (Gothic War)
* '''L290''') Volume VI. [[Procopius#Secret History|The Anecdota or Secret History]]
* '''L343''') Volume VII. [[Procopius#The Buildings|On Buildings]]. General Index

=====[[Thucydides]]=====
* '''L108''') [[History of the Peloponnesian War]]: Volume I. Books 1–2. {{isbn|978-0-674-99120-0}}.
* '''L109''') History of the Peloponnesian War: Volume II. Books 3–4. {{isbn|978-0-674-99121-7}}.
* '''L110''') History of the Peloponnesian War: Volume III. Books 5–6. {{isbn|978-0-674-99122-4}}.
* '''L169''') History of the Peloponnesian War: Volume IV. Books 7–8. General Index. {{isbn|978-0-674-99187-3}}.

=====[[Xenophon]]=====
* '''L088''') Volume I. [[Hellenica]], Books 1–4
* '''L089''') Volume II. Hellenica, Books 5–7
* '''L090''') Volume III. [[Anabasis (Xenophon)|Anabasis]]
* '''L168''') Volume IV. [[Memorabilia (Xenophon)|Memorabilia]] and [[Oeconomicus]]. [[Symposium (Xenophon)|Symposium]] and [[Apology (Xenophon)|Apologia]]
* '''L051''') Volume V. [[Cyropaedia]], Books 1–4
* '''L052''') Volume VI. Cyropaedia, Books 5–8
* '''L183''') Volume VII. [[Hiero (Xenophon)|Hiero]]. [[Agesilaus]]. [[Constitution of the Lacedaemonians]]. [[Ways and Means (Xenophon)|Ways and Means]]. [[Cavalry Commander]]. [[Art of Horsemanship]]. [[On Hunting]]. '''Old Oligarch''': [[Constitution of the Athenians (Pseudo-Xenophon)|Constitution of the Athenians]]

====[[Attic orators]]====

=====[[Aeschines]]=====
* '''L106''') Collected works

=====[[Demosthenes]]=====
* '''L238''') Volume I. [[Olynthiacs]] 1–3. [[Philippic]] 1. [[On the Peace]]. Philippic 2. [[On Halonnesus]]. [[On the Chersonese]]. Philippics 3 and 4. [[Answer to Philip's Letter]]. [[Philip's Letter]]. [[On Organization]]. [[On the Navy-boards]]. [[For the Liberty of the Rhodians]]. [[For the People of Meg]]
* '''L155''') Volume II. [[De Corona]], [[De Falsa Legatione]] (18–19)
* '''L299''') Volume III. [[Against Meidias]]. [[Against Androtion]]. [[Against Aristocrates]]. [[Against Timocrates]]. [[Against Aristogeiton]] 1 and 2 (21–26)
* '''L318''') Volume IV. [[Private Orations]] (27–40)
* '''L346''') Volume V. Private Orations (41–49)
* '''L351''') Volume VI. Private Orations (50–58). [[Against Neaera]] (59)
* '''L374''') Volume VII. [[Funeral Speech]] (60). [[Erotic Essay]] (61). [[Exordia]]. Letters

=====[[Isaeus]]=====
* '''L202''') Collected works

=====[[Isocrates]]=====
* '''L209''') Volume I. [[To Demonicus]]. [[To Nicocles]]. [[Nicocles or the Cyprians]]. [[Panegyricus]]. [[To Philip]]. [[Archidamus (speech)|Archidamus]]
* '''L229''') Volume II. [[On the Peace]]. [[Areopagiticus]]. [[Against the Sophists]]. [[Antidosis]]. [[Panathenaicus]]
* '''L373''') Volume III. [[Evagoras I|Evagoras]]. [[Helen of Troy|Helen]]. [[Busiris (Greek mythology)|Busiris]]. [[Plataicus]]. [[Concerning the Team of Horses]]. [[Trapeziticus]]. [[Against Callimachus]]. [[Aegineticus]]. [[Against Lochites]]. [[Against Euthynus]]. Letters

=====[[Lysias]]=====
* '''L244''') Collected works

=====Minor Attic Orators=====
* '''L308''') Minor Attic Orators: Volume I. [[Antiphon]] and [[Andocides]]
* '''L395''') Minor Attic Orators: Volume II. [[Lycurgus of Athens|Lycurgus]]. [[Dinarchus]]. [[Demades]]. [[Hyperides]]

====Biography====

=====Plutarch=====
* '''L046''') [[Parallel Lives]]: Volume I. [[Theseus]] and [[Romulus]]. [[Lycurgus of Sparta|Lycurgus]] and [[Numa Pompilius|Numa]]. [[Solon]] and [[Publicola]]
* '''L047''') Parallel Lives: Volume II. [[Themistocles]] and [[Marcus Furius Camillus|Camillus]]. [[Aristides]] and [[Cato Major]]. [[Cimon]] and [[Lucullus]]
* '''L065''') Parallel Lives: Volume III. [[Pericles]] and [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus|Fabius Maximus]]. [[Nicias]] and [[Crassus]]
* '''L080''') Parallel Lives: Volume IV. [[Alcibiades]] and [[Coriolanus]]. [[Lysander]] and [[Sulla]]
* '''L087''') Parallel Lives: Volume V. [[Agesilaus]] and [[Pompey]]. [[Pelopidas]] and [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus|Marcellus]]
* '''L098''') Parallel Lives: Volume VI. [[Dion of Syracuse|Dion]] and [[Brutus]]. [[Timoleon]] and [[Aemilius Paulus]]
* '''L099''') Parallel Lives: Volume VII. [[Demosthenes]] and [[Cicero]]. [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] and [[Julius Caesar]]
* '''L100''') Parallel Lives: Volume VIII. [[Sertorius]] and [[Eumenes]]. [[Phocion]] and [[Cato the Younger]]
* '''L101''') Parallel Lives: Volume IX. [[Demetrius]] and [[Mark Antony|Antony]]. [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]] and [[Gaius Marius]]
* '''L102''') Parallel Lives: Volume X. [[Agis IV|Agis]] and [[Cleomenes III|Cleomenes]]. [[Tiberius]] and [[Gaius Gracchus]]. [[Philopoemen]] and [[Flamininus]]
* '''L103''') Parallel Lives: Volume XI. [[Aratus]]. [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes]]. [[Galba]]. [[Otho]]. General Index

=====[[Diogenes Laërtius]]=====
* '''L184''') [[Lives of Eminent Philosophers]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L185''') Lives of Eminent Philosophers: Volume II. Books 6–10

=====[[Philostratus]]=====
* '''L016''') [[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L017''') Life of Apollonius of Tyana: Volume II. Books 6–8. Epistles of [[Apollonius of Tyana|Apollonius]]. [[Eusebius]]: Treatise
* '''L458''') Life of Apollonius of Tyana: Volume III. Letters of Apollonius, Ancient Testimonia, Eusebius′s Reply to Hierocles
* '''L134''') Lives of the Sophists. [[Eunapius]]: Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists

====[[Ancient Greek novel]]====
* '''L481''') [[Chariton]]: Callirhoe
* '''L045''') [[Achilles Tatius]]: [[Leucippe and Clitophon]]
* '''L069''') [[Longus]]: [[Daphnis and Chloe]]. [[Xenophon of Ephesus]]: [[Ephesian Tale|Anthia and Habrocomes]]

====[[Church Fathers|Greek Fathers]]====

=====[[Basil of Caesarea|Basil]]=====
* '''L190''') [[Letters (Basil)|Letters]]: Volume I. Letters 1–58
* '''L215''') Letters: Volume II. Letters 59–185
* '''L243''') Letters: Volume III. Letters 186–248
* '''L270''') Letters: Volume IV. Letters 249–368. [[Address to Young Men on Greek Literature]]

=====[[Clement of Alexandria]]=====
* '''L092''') [[Protrepticus (Clement)|The Exhortation to the Greeks]]. [[The Rich Man's Salvation]]. [[To the Newly Baptized]] (fragment)

=====[[Eusebius]]=====
* '''L153''') [[Church History (Eusebius)|Ecclesiastical History]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L265''') Ecclesiastical History: Volume II. Books 6–10

=====[[John Damascene]]=====
* '''L034''') [[Barlaam and Ioasaph]]

=====[[Apostolic Fathers]]=====
(edited by [[Bart Ehrman]], replacing [[Kirsopp Lake]]'s edition)
* '''L024''') [[Apostolic Fathers]]: Volume I. [[I Clement]]. [[II Clement]]. [[Ignatius of Antioch|Ignatius]]. [[Polycarp]]. [[Didache]]. [[Barnabas]]
* '''L025''') Apostolic Fathers: Volume II. [[Shepherd of Hermas]]. [[Martyrdom of Polycarp]]. [[Epistle to Diognetus]]

====Other Greek prose====

=====[[Claudius Aelianus|Aelian]]=====
* '''L446''') [[Claudius Aelianus#De Natura Animalium (Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος)|On the Characteristics of Animals]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L448''') On the Characteristics of Animals: Volume II. Books 6–11
* '''L449''') On the Characteristics of Animals: Volume III. Books 12–17
* '''L486''') Historical Miscellany

=====[[Aelius Aristides]]=====
* '''L533''') Orations: Volume I
* '''L545''') Orations: Volume II

=====[[Aeneas Tacticus]]=====
* '''L156''') Aeneas Tacticus, [[Asclepiodotus the philosopher|Asclepiodotus]], and [[Onasander]]

=====[[Babrius]] and [[Phaedrus (fabulist)|Phaedrus]]=====
* '''L436''') [[Fables]] {{ISBN|0-674-99480-9}}

=====[[Alciphron]]=====
* '''L383''') Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters

=====[[Pseudo-Apollodorus|Apollodorus]]=====
* '''L121''') [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|The Library]]: Volume I. Books 1–3.9
* '''L122''') The Library: Volume II. Book 3.10-end. Epitome

=====[[Dio Chrysostom]]=====
* '''L257''') [[Discourses (Dio Chrysostom)|Discourses]] 1–11: Volume I
* '''L339''') Discourses 12–30: Volume II
* '''L358''') Discourses 31–36: Volume III
* '''L376''') Discourses 37–60: Volume IV
* '''L385''') Discourses 61–80. Fragments. Letters: Volume V

=====[[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]]=====
* '''L319''') [[Roman Antiquities]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L347''') Roman Antiquities: Volume II. Books 3–4
* '''L357''') Roman Antiquities: Volume III. Books 5–6.48
* '''L364''') Roman Antiquities: Volume IV. Books 6.49–7
* '''L372''') Roman Antiquities: Volume V. Books 8–9.24
* '''L378''') Roman Antiquities: Volume VI. Books 9.25–10
* '''L388''') Roman Antiquities: Volume VII. Book 11. Fragments of Books 12–20
* '''L465''') Critical Essays: Volume I. Ancient Orators. Lysias. Isocrates. Isaeus. Demosthenes. Thucydides
* '''L466''') Critical Essays: Volume II. On Literary Composition. Dinarchus. Letters to Ammaeus and Pompeius

=====[[Galen]]=====
* '''L071''') On the Natural Faculties
* '''L516''') Method of Medicine: Volume I. Books 1–4
* '''L517''') Method of Medicine: Volume II. Books 5–9
* '''L518''') Method of Medicine: Volume III. Books 10–14
* '''L523''') On the Constitution of the Art of Medicine. The Art of Medicine. A Method of Medicine to Glaucon
* '''L535''') Hygiene: Volume I. Books 1–4
* '''L536''') Hygiene: Volume II. Books 5–6. Thrasybulus. On Exercise with a Small Ball.
* '''L546''') On Temperaments. On Non-Uniform Distemperment. The Soul’s Traits Depend on Bodily Temperament

=====[[Hippocratic Corpus|Hippocrates]]=====
* '''L147''') Volume I. [[Ancient Medicine]]. Airs, Waters, Places. Epidemics 1 & 3. The Oath. Precepts. Nutriment
* '''L148''') Volume II. Prognostic. Regimen in Acute Diseases. The Sacred Disease. The Art. Breaths. Law. Decorum. Physician (Ch. 1). Dentition
* '''L149''') Volume III. On Wounds in the Head. In the Surgery. On Fractures. On Joints. Mochlicon
* '''L150''') Volume IV. Nature of Man. Regimen in Health. Humours. Aphorisms. Regimen 1–3. Dreams. Heracleitus: On the Universe
* '''L472''') Volume V. Affections. Diseases 1. Diseases 2
* '''L473''') Volume VI. Diseases 3. Internal Affections. Regimen in Acute Diseases (Appendix)
* '''L477''') Volume VII. Epidemics 2, 4–7
* '''L482''') Volume VIII. Places in Man. Glands. Fleshes. Prorrhetic 1–2. Physician. Use of Liquids. Ulcers. Haemorrhoids. Fistulas
* '''L509''') Volume IX. Anatomy. Nature of Bones. Heart. Eight Months' Child. Coan Prenotions. Crises. Critical Days. Superfetation. Girls. Excision of the Fetus. Sight
* '''L520''') Volume X. Generation. Nature of the Child. Diseases 4. Nature of Women. Barrenness
* '''L538''') Volume XI. Diseases of Women 1–2

=====[[Julian the Apostate|Julian]]=====
* '''L013''') Volume I. Orations 1–5
* '''L029''') Volume II. Orations 6–8. [[Letters to Themistius]], [[To the Senate and People of Athens]], [[To a Priest]]. [[The Caesars (tale)|The Caesars]]. [[Misopogon]]
* '''L157''') Volume III. Letters. Epigrams. [[Libri tres contra Galileos|Against the Galilaeans]]. Fragments

=====[[Libanius]]=====
* '''L451''') Selected Orations: Volume I. [[Julianic Orations]]
* '''L452''') Selected Orations: Volume II. Orations 2, 19–23, 30, 33, 45, 47–50
* '''L478''') Autobiography and Selected Letters: Volume I. Autobiography. Letters 1–50
* '''L479''') Autobiography and Selected Letters: Volume II. Letters 51–193

=====[[Lucian]]=====
* '''L014''') Volume I. Phalaris. Hippias or The Bath. Dionysus. Heracles. Amber or The Swans. The Fly. Nigrinus. Demonax. The Hall. My Native Land. Octogenarians. [[True History|A True Story]]. Slander. The Consonants at Law. The Carousal (Symposium) or The Lapiths
* '''L054''') Volume II. The Downward Journey or The Tyrant. Zeus Catechized. Zeus Rants. The Dream or The Cock. Prometheus. Icaromenippus or The Sky-man. Timon or The Misanthrope. Charon or The Inspectors. Philosophies for Sale
* '''L130''') Volume III. The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. [[Lover of Lies|The Lover of Lies]]. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses
* '''L162''') Volume IV. Anacharsis or Athletics. Menippus or The Descent into Hades. On Funerals. A Professor of Public Speaking. Alexander the False Prophet. Essays in Portraiture. Essays in Portraiture Defended. [[De Dea Syria|The Goddesse of Surrye]]
* '''L302''') Volume V. [[Passing of Peregrinus|The Passing of Peregrinus]]. The Runaways. [[Toxaris|Toxaris or Friendship]]. The Dance. Lexiphanes. The Eunuch. Astrology. The Mistaken Critic. The Parliament of the Gods. The Tyrannicide. Disowned
* '''L430''') Volume VI. How to Write History. The Dipsads. Saturnalia. Herodotus or Aetion. Zeuxis or Antiochus. A Slip of the Tongue in Greeting. Apology for the "Salaried Posts in Great Houses." Harmonides. A Conversation with Hesiod. The Scythian or The Consul. Hermotimus or Concerning the Sects. To One Who Said "You're a Prometheus in Words." The Ship or The Wishes
* '''L431''') Volume VII. Dialogues of the Dead. Dialogues of the Sea-Gods. Dialogues of the Gods. Dialogues of the Courtesans
* '''L432''') Volume VIII. Soloecista. Lucius or The Ass. Amores. Halcyon. Demosthenes. Podagra. Ocypus. Cyniscus. Philopatris. Charidemus. Nero

=====pseudo-[[Menander Rhetor]] and pseudo-[[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]]=====
* '''L539''') "Menander", Two treatises. "Dionysius", Ars Rhetorica

=====[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]]=====
* '''L093''') [[Description of Greece]]: Volume I. Books 1–2 ([[Attica]] and [[Corinth]])
* '''L188''') Description of Greece: Volume II. Books 3–5 ([[Laconia]], [[Messenia]], [[ancient Elis|Elis]] 1)
* '''L272''') Description of Greece: Volume III. Books 6–8.21 (Elis 2, [[Achaea|Achaia]], [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]])
* '''L297''') Description of Greece: Volume IV. Books 8.22–10 ([[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]], [[Boeotia]], [[Phocis]] and [[Ozolian Locris]])
* '''L298''') Description of Greece: Volume V. Maps, Plans, Illustrations and General Index

=====[[Philostratus]]=====
* '''L521''') Heroicus. Gymnasticus. Discourses 1 and 2

=====[[Philostratus the Elder]] and [[Philostratus the Younger]]=====
* '''L256''') Philostratus the Elder, [[Imagines (work by Philostratus)|Imagines]]. Philostratus the Younger, Imagines. [[Callistratus (sophist)|Callistratus]], Descriptions

=====[[Strabo]]=====
* '''L049''') [[Geographica|Geography]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L050''') Geography: Volume II. Books 3–5
* '''L182''') Geography: Volume III. Books 6–7
* '''L196''') Geography: Volume IV. Books 8–9
* '''L211''') Geography: Volume V. Books 10–12
* '''L223''') Geography: Volume VI. Books 13–14
* '''L241''') Geography: Volume VII. Books 15–16
* '''L267''') Geography: Volume VIII. Book 17 and General Index

====[[Papyri]]====
* '''L266''') Volume I. Private Documents (Agreements, Receipts, Wills, Letters, Memoranda, Accounts and Lists, and Others)
* '''L282''') Volume II. Public Documents (Codes and Regulations, Edicts and Orders, Public Announcements, Reports of Meetings, Judicial Business, Petitions and Applications, Declarations to Officials, Contracts, Receipts, Accounts and Lists, Correspondence,
* '''L360''') Volume III. Poetry

===Latin===

==== Poetry ====
=====[[Ausonius]]=====
* '''L096''') Ausonius: Volume I. Books 1–17
* '''L115''') Ausonius: Volume II. Books 18–20. [[Paulinus Pellaeus]]: Eucharisticus

=====[[Catullus]]=====
* '''L006''') Also contains the works of [[Tibullus]]; [[Sulpicia]]; and ([[Tiberianus (poet)|Tiberianus]]?): [[Pervigilium Veneris]]

=====[[Claudian]]=====
* '''L135''') Volume I. [[Panegyric]] on [[Anicius Probinus|Probinus]] and [[Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Olybrius]]. Against [[Rufinus (consul)|Rufinus]] 1 and 2. [[War Against Gildo]]. Against [[Eutropius (consul 399)|Eutropius]] 1 and 2. [[Fescennine Verses]] on the Marriage of [[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]]. [[Epithalamium]] of Honorius and [[Maria (empress)|Maria]]. Panegyrics on the Third and Fourth Consulships of Honorius
* '''L136''') Volume II. On [[Stilicho]]'s Consulship 2–3. Panegyric on the Sixth Consulship of Honorius. The [[Gothic_Wars#Gothic_War_(401–403)|Gothic War]]. Shorter Poems. [[Proserpina#Myths|Rape of Proserpina]]

=====[[Horace]]=====
* '''L033''') [[Odes (Horace)|Odes]] and [[Epodes (Horace)|Epodes]]
* '''L194''') [[Satires (Horace)|Satires]]. [[Epistles (Horace)|Epistles]]. [[Ars Poetica (Horace)|The Art of Poetry]]

=====[[Satires of Juvenal|Juvenal]] and [[Persius]]=====
* '''L091''') Collected satires {{ISBN|0-674-99102-8}}

=====[[Lucan (poet)|Lucan]]=====
* '''L220''') The Civil War ([[Pharsalia]])

=====[[Lucretius]]=====
* '''L181''') [[On the Nature of Things]]

=====[[Marcus Manilius|Manilius]]=====
* '''L469''') [[Astronomica (Manilius)|Astronomica]]

=====[[Martial]]=====
* '''L094''') [[Epigrams]]: Volume I. Spectacles, Books 1–5
* '''L095''') Epigrams: Volume II. Books 6–10
* '''L480''') Epigrams: Volume III. Books 11–14

=====[[Ovid]]=====
* '''L041''') Volume I. [[Heroides]]. [[Amores (Ovid)|Amores]]
* '''L232''') Volume II. [[Ars Amatoria|Art of Love]]. [[Medicamina Faciei Femineae|Cosmetics]]. [[Remedia Amoris|Remedies for Love]]. [[Ibis (Ovid)|Ibis]]. [[Ovid#Nux ("The Walnut Tree")|Walnut-tree]]. [[Ovid#Halieutica ("On Fishing")|Sea Fishing]]. [[Ovid#Consolatio ad Liviam ("Consolation to Livia")|Consolation]]
* '''L042''') Volume III. [[Metamorphoses (poem)|Metamorphoses]], Books 1–8
* '''L043''') Volume IV. Metamorphoses, Books 9–15
* '''L253''') Volume V. [[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]
* '''L151''') Volume VI. [[Tristia]]. [[Ex Ponto]]

=====[[Propertius]]=====
* '''L018N''') Elegies

=====[[Sidonius Apollinaris]]=====
* '''L296''') Volume I. Poems. Letters, Books 1–2
* '''L420''') Volume II. Letters, Books 3–9

=====[[Silius Italicus]]=====
* '''L277''') [[Punica (poem)|Punica]]: Volume I. Books 1–8
* '''L278''') Punica: Volume II. Books 9–17

=====[[Statius]]=====
* '''L206N''') Volume I. [[Silvae]]
* '''L207N''') Volume II. [[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]], Books 1–7
* '''L498''') Volume III. Thebaid, Books 8–12. [[Achilleid]]

=====[[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]]=====
* '''L286''') [[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)|Argonautica]]

=====[[Virgil]]=====
* '''L063N''') Volume I. [[Eclogues]]. [[Georgics]]. [[Aeneid]], Books 1–6
* '''L064N''') Volume II. Aeneid Books 7–12, [[Appendix Vergiliana]]

=====Minor Latin Poets edited by [[J. W. Duff]]=====
* '''L284''') Minor Latin Poets: Volume I. [[Publilius Syrus]]. Elegies on Maecenas. [[Grattius]]. [[Calpurnius Siculus]]. [[Laus Pisonis]]. [[Einsiedeln Eclogues]]. Aetna
* '''L434''') Minor Latin Poets: Volume II. [[Florus]]. [[Hadrian]]. [[Nemesianus]]. [[Reposianus]]. Tiberianus. [[Distichs of Cato]]. Phoenix. [[Avianus]]. [[Rutilius Claudius Namatianus]]. Others

==== Drama ====

=====[[Plautus]]=====
* '''L060''') Volume I. [[Amphitryon (Plautus play)|Amphitryon]]. [[Asinaria|The Comedy of Asses]]. [[Aulularia|The Pot of Gold]]. [[Bacchides (play)|The Two Bacchises]]. [[Captivi|The Captives]]
* '''L061''') Volume II. [[Casina (play)|Casina]]. [[Cistellaria|The Casket Comedy]]. [[Curculio (play)|Curculio]]. [[Epidicus]]. [[Menaechmi|The Two Menaechmuses]]
* '''L163''') Volume III. [[Mercator (play)|The Merchant]]. [[Miles Gloriosus (play)|The Braggart Soldier]]. [[Mostellaria|The Ghost]]. [[Persa (play)|The Persian]]
* '''L260''') Volume IV. [[The Little Carthaginian]]. [[Pseudolus]]. [[Rudens (play)|The Rope]]
* '''L328''') Volume V. [[Stichus]]. [[Trinummus]]. [[Truculentus]]. [[Vidularia|Vidularia, or the Tale of a Traveling-Bag]]. Fragments

=====[[Terence]]=====
* '''L022N''') Volume I. [[The Woman of Andros]]. [[Heauton Timorumenos|The Self-Tormentor]]. [[Eunuchus|The Eunuch]]
* '''L023N''') Volume II. [[Phormio (play)|Phormio]]. [[Hecyra|The Mother-in-Law]]. [[Adelphoe|The Brothers]]

=====[[Seneca the Younger]]=====
* '''L062N''') Volume VIII, Tragedies I. [[Hercules (Seneca)|Hercules Furens]]. [[Troades (Seneca)|Troades]]. [[Medea (Seneca)|Medea]]. [[Phaedra (Seneca)|Hippolytus]]. [[Oedipus (Seneca)|Oedipus]].
* '''L078N''') Volume IX, Tragedies II. [[Agamemnon (Seneca)|Agamemnon]]. [[Thyestes (Seneca)|Thyestes]]. [[Hercules Oetaeus]]. [[Phoenissae (Seneca)|Phoenissae]]. [[Octavia (play)|Octavia]].

==== Philosophy ====
=====[[Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius|Boethius]]=====
* '''L074''') [[Boethius#Opuscula sacra|Theological Tractates]]. [[The Consolation of Philosophy]]

=====[[Cicero]]=====
* '''L213''') Volume XVI. On the Republic ([[De re publica]]). On the Laws ([[De Legibus]])
* '''L040''') Volume XVII. On Ends ([[De Finibus]])
* '''L141''') Volume XVIII. [[Tusculan Disputations]]
* '''L268''') Volume XIX. On the Nature of the Gods ([[De Natura Deorum]]). Academics ([[Academica (Cicero)|Academica]])
* '''L154''') Volume XX. On Old Age ([[De Senectute]]). On Friendship ([[De Amicitia]]). On Divination ([[De Divinatione]])
* '''L030''') Volume XXI. On Duties ([[De Officiis]]): De Officiis

=====[[Seneca the Younger]]=====
* '''L214''') Volume I. Moral Essays: [[De Providentia]]. [[De Constantia]]. [[De Ira]]. [[De Clementia]]
* '''L254''') Volume II. Moral Essays: [[De Consolatione ad Marciam]]. [[De Vita Beata]]. [[De Otio]]. [[De Tranquillitate Animi]]. [[De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca)|De Brevitate Vitae]]. [[De Consolatione ad Polybium]]. [[De Consolatione ad Helviam]]
* '''L310''') Volume III. Moral Essays: [[De Beneficiis]]
* '''L450''') Volume VII. [[Naturales Quaestiones|Natural Questions]], Books 1–3
* '''L457''') Volume X. Natural Questions, Book 4–7

==== History ====
=====[[Ammianus Marcellinus]]=====
* '''L300''') Roman History: Volume I. Books 14–19
* '''L315''') Roman History: Volume II. Books 20–26
* '''L331''') Roman History: Volume III. Books 27–31. Excerpta Valesiana

=====[[Bede]]=====
* '''L246''') Historical Works: Volume I. [[Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum|Ecclesiastical History]], Books 1–3
* '''L248''') Historical Works: Volume II. Ecclesiastical History, Books 4–5. Lives of the Abbots. Letter to Egbert

=====[[Julius Caesar]]=====
* '''L072''') Volume I. [[De Bello Gallico|Gallic War]]
* '''L039''') Volume II. [[Commentarii de Bello Civili|Civil Wars]]
* '''L402''') Volume III. [[De Bello Alexandrino|Alexandrian]], [[De Bello Africo|African]], and [[De Bello Hispaniensi|Spanish Wars]]

=====[[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius]]=====
* '''L368''') [[Histories of Alexander the Great|History of Alexander]]: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L369''') History of Alexander: Volume II. Books 6–10

=====[[Florus]]=====
* '''L231''') [[Epitome of Roman History]]

=====[[Justin (historian)|Justin]]=====
* '''L557''') [[Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus|Epitome of Pompeius Trogus]]: Volume I. Books 1–20
* '''L558''') [[Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus|Epitome of Pompeius Trogus]]: Volume II. Books 21-44

=====[[Livy]]=====
* '''L114''') [[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|History of Rome]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L133''') History of Rome: Volume II. Books 3–4
* '''L172''') History of Rome: Volume III. Books 5–7
* '''L191''') History of Rome: Volume IV. Books 8–10
* '''L233''') History of Rome: Volume V. Books 21–22
* '''L355''') History of Rome: Volume VI. Books 23–25
* '''L367''') History of Rome: Volume VII. Books 26–27
* '''L381''') History of Rome: Volume VIII. Books 28–30
* '''L295N''') History of Rome: Volume IX. Books 31, 34
* '''L301N''') History of Rome: Volume X. Books 35–37
* '''L313N''') History of Rome: Volume XI. Books 38–39
* '''L332''') History of Rome: Volume XII. Books 40–42
* '''L396''') History of Rome: Volume XIII. Books 43–45
* '''L404''') History of Rome: Volume XIV. Summaries. Fragments. Julius Obsequens. General Index

=====[[Sallust]]=====
* '''L116N''') Volume I. [[Bellum Catilinae|War with Catiline]]. [[War with Jugurtha]].
* '''L522N''') Volume II. Fragments of the Histories. Letters to Caesar

=====[[Tacitus]]=====
* '''L111''') Volume II. [[Histories (Tacitus)|Histories]] 1–3
* '''L249''') Volume III. Histories 4–5. [[Annals (Tacitus)|Annals]] 1–3
* '''L312''') Volume IV. Annals 4–6, 11–12
* '''L322''') Volume V. Annals 13–16

=====[[Velleius Paterculus]]=====
* '''L152N''') Compendium of Roman History. [[Res Gestae Divi Augusti]]

=====The [[Augustan History]], edited by [[D. Magie]]=====
* '''L139''') [[Scriptores Historiae Augustae]]: Volume I. Hadrian. Aelius. Antoninus Pius. Marcus Aurelius. L. Verus. Avidius Cassius. Commodus. Pertinax. Didius Julianus. Septimius Severus. Pescennius Niger. Clodius Albinus
* '''L140''') Scriptores Historiae Augustae : Volume II. Caracalla. Geta. Opellius Macrinus. Diadumenianus. Elagabalus. Severus Alexander. The Two Maximini. The Three Gordians. Maximus and Balbinus
* '''L263''') Scriptores Historiae Augustae: Volume III. The Two Valerians. The Two Gallieni. The Thirty Pretenders. The Deified Claudius. The Deified Aurelian. Tacitus. Probus. Firmus, Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus. Carus, Carinus and Numerian

==== Oratory ====
=====[[Apuleius]]=====
* '''L534''') Apologia. Florida. De Deo Socratis

=====[[Cicero]]=====
* '''L240N''') Volume VI. [[Pro Quinctio]]. [[Pro Roscio Amerino]]. [[Pro Roscio Comoedo]]. [[The Three Speeches on the Agrarian Law Against Rullus]]
* '''L221''') Volume VII. [[The Verrine Orations]] I: [[Against Caecilius]]. [[Against Verres]], Part 1; Part 2, Books 1–2
* '''L293''') Volume VIII. The Verrine Orations II: Against Verres, Part 2, Books 3–5
* '''L198''') Volume IX. [[Pro Lege Manilia]]. [[Pro Caecina]]. [[Pro Cluentio]]. [[Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo]]
* '''L324''') Volume X. [[In Catilinam]] 1–4. [[Pro Murena]]. [[Pro Sulla]]. [[Pro Flacco]]
* '''L158''') Volume XI. [[Pro Archia]]. [[Post Reditum in Senatu]]. [[Post Reditum ad Quirites. De Domo Sua]]. [[De Haruspicum Responsis]]. [[Pro Cn. Plancio]]
* '''L309''') Volume XII. [[Pro Sestio]]. [[In Vatinium]]
* '''L447''') Volume XIII. [[Pro Caelio]]. [[De Provinciis Consularibus]]. [[Pro Balbo]]
* '''L252''') Volume XIV. [[Pro Milone]]. [[In Pisonem]]. [[Pro Scauro]]. [[Pro Fonteio]]. [[Pro Rabirio Postumo]]. [[Pro Marcello]]. [[Pro Ligario]]. [[Pro Rege Deiotaro]]
* '''L189''') Volume XVa. [[Philippicae|Philippics]] 1-6
* '''L507''') Volume XVb. Philippics 7-14
* '''L556''') Volume XXX. Fragmentary Speeches

=====[[Quintilian]]=====
* '''L500''') The Lesser Declamations: Volume I
* '''L501''') The Lesser Declamations: Volume II
*'''L547''') The Major Declamations: Volume I
*'''L548''') The Major Declamations: Volume II
*'''L549''') The Major Declamations: Volume III

=====[[Seneca the Elder]]=====
* '''L463''') Declamations: Volume I. [[Controversiae]], Books 1–6
* '''L464''') Declamations: Volume II. Controversiae, Books 7–10. Suasoriae. Fragments

==== Biography ====
=====[[Cornelius Nepos]]=====
* '''L467''') Collected works

=====[[Suetonius]]=====
* '''L031''') [[The Lives of the Caesars]]: Volume I. Julius. Augustus. Tiberius. Gaius. Caligula
* '''L038''') The Lives of the Caesars: Volume II. Claudius. Nero. Galba, Otho, and Vitellius. Vespasian. Titus, Domitian. Lives of Illustrious Men: Grammarians and Rhetoricians. Poets (Terence. Virgil. Horace. Tibullus. Persius. Lucan). Lives of Pliny the Elder and Passienus Crispus

=====[[Tacitus]]=====
* '''L035''') Volume I. [[Agricola (book)|Agricola]]. [[Germania (book)|Germania]]. [[Dialogus de oratoribus|Dialogue on Oratory]]

==== Latin Novel ====
=====[[Apuleius]]=====
* '''L044''') [[The Golden Ass|Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass)]]: Books 1–11, ''(1965 printing)''

* '''L044N''') [[The Golden Ass|Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass)]]: Volume I. Books 1–6
* '''L453''') [[The Golden Ass|Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass)]]: Volume II. Books 7–11

=====[[Petronius]]=====
* '''L015''') [[Satyricon]], with Seneca the Younger's [[Apocolocyntosis]]

==== Letters ====
=====[[Cicero]]=====
* '''L007N''') Volume XXII. [[Letters to Atticus]] 1–89
* '''L008N''') Volume XXIII. Letters to Atticus 90–165A
* '''L097N''') Volume XXIV. Letters to Atticus 166–281
* '''L205N''') Volume XXV. [[Letters to Friends]] 1–113
* '''L216N''') Volume XXVI. Letters to Friends 114–280
* '''L230N''') Volume XXVII. Letters to Friends 281–435
* '''L462N''') Volume XXVIII. Letters to Quintus and Brutus. Letter Fragments. Letter to Octavian. Invectives. [[Handbook of Electioneering]]
* '''L491''') Volume XXIX. Letters to Atticus 282–426

=====[[Marcus Cornelius Fronto|Fronto]]=====
* '''L112''') Correspondence: Volume I
* '''L113''') Correspondence: Volume II

=====[[Jerome]]=====
* '''L262''') Select Letters

=====[[Pliny the Younger]]=====
* '''L055''') [[Letters and Panegyricus]]: Volume I. Books 1–7
* '''L059''') Letters and Panegyricus: Volume II. Books 8–10. [[Panegyricus]]

=====[[Seneca the Younger]]=====
* '''L075''') Volume IV. [[Epistles]] 1–65
* '''L076''') Volume V. Epistles 66–92
* '''L077''') Volume VI. Epistles 93–124

==== Church Fathers ====
=====[[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]]=====
* '''L026''') [[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]]: Volume I. Books 1–8
* '''L027''') Confessions: Volume II. Books 9–13
* '''L239''') Select Letters
* '''L411''') [[City of God (book)|City of God]]: Volume I. Books 1–3
* '''L412''') City of God: Volume II. Books 4–7
* '''L413''') City of God: Volume III. Books 8–11
* '''L414''') City of God: Volume IV. Books 12–15
* '''L415''') City of God: Volume V. Books 16–18.35
* '''L416''') City of God: Volume VI. Books 18.36–20
* '''L417''') City of God: Volume VII. Books 21–22
* '''L560''') The Teacher. Teaching Christianity

=====[[Prudentius]]=====
* '''L387''') Volume I. Preface. [[Daily Round]]. Divinity of Christ. [[Origin of Sin]]. [[Psychomachia|Fight for Mansoul]]. [[Against Symmachus]] 1
* '''L398''') Volume II. [[Against Symmachus]] 2. [[Crowns of Martyrdom]]. [[Scenes From History]]. Epilogue

=====[[Tertullian]] and [[Marcus Minucius Felix]]=====
* '''L250''') ''[[Apologeticus|Apology]]'' and ''[[De Spectaculis]]''. ''[[Octavius (dialogue)|Octavius]]''

==== Other Latin Prose ====
=====[[Cato the Elder|Cato]] and [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]]=====
* '''L283''') [[On Agriculture]] {{ISBN|0-674-99313-6}}
* '''L551''') Cato: Testimonia. Origines
* '''L552''') Cato: Orations. Other Fragments

=====[[Aulus Cornelius Celsus|Celsus]]=====
* '''L292''') [[On Medicine]]: Volume I. Books 1–4
* '''L304''') On Medicine: Volume II. Books 5–6
* '''L336''') On Medicine: Volume III. Books 7–8

=====[[Cicero]]=====
* '''L403''') Volume I. [[Rhetorica ad Herennium]]
* '''L386''') Volume II. On Invention ([[De Inventione]]). The Best Kind of Orator ([[De Optimo Genere Oratorum]]). Topics ([[Writings of Cicero|Topica]])
* '''L348''') Volume III. On the Orator ([[De Oratore]]) Books 1–2
* '''L349''') Volume IV. On the Orator (De Oratore) Book 3. On Fate ([[De Fato]]). Stoic Paradoxes ([[Paradoxa Stoicorum]]). On the Divisions of Oratory ([[De Partitione Oratoria]])
* '''L342''') Volume V. [[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]. [[Orator (Cicero)|Orator]]

=====[[Lucius Columella|Columella]]=====
* '''L361''') On Agriculture: Volume I. Books 1–4
* '''L407''') On Agriculture: Volume II. Books 5–9
* '''L408''') On Agriculture: Volume III. Books 10–12. On Trees

=====[[Frontinus]]=====
* '''L174''') [[Strategemata|Stratagems]]. [[De aquaeductu]]

=====[[Gellius]]=====
* '''L195''') Attic Nights: Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L200''') Attic Nights: Volume II. Books 6–13
* '''L212''') Attic Nights: Volume III. Books 14–20

=====[[Macrobius]]=====
* '''L510''') [[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]: Volume I. Books 1-2
* '''L511''') Saturnalia: Volume II. Books 3-5
* '''L512''') Saturnalia: Volume III. Books 6-7

=====[[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]]=====
* '''L330''') [[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L352''') Natural History: Volume II. Books 3–7
* '''L353''') Natural History: Volume III. Books 8–11
* '''L370''') Natural History: Volume IV. Books 12–16
* '''L371''') Natural History: Volume V. Books 17–19
* '''L392''') Natural History: Volume VI. Books 20–23
* '''L393''') Natural History: Volume VII. Books 24–27. Index of Plants
* '''L418''') Natural History: Volume VIII. Books 28–32. Index of Fishes
* '''L394''') Natural History: Volume IX. Books 33–35
* '''L419''') Natural History: Volume X. Books 36–37

=====[[Quintilian]]=====
* '''L124N''') [[The Orator's Education]]: Volume I. Books 1–2
* '''L125N''') The Orator's Education: Volume II. Books 3–5
* '''L126N''') The Orator's Education: Volume III. Books 6–8
* '''L127N''') The Orator's Education: Volume IV. Books 9–10
* '''L494N''') The Orator's Education: Volume V. Books 11–12

=====[[Valerius Maximus]]=====
* '''L492''') [[Memorable Doings and Sayings]] : Volume I. Books 1–5
* '''L493''') Memorable Doings and Sayings: Volume II. Books 6–9

=====[[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]]=====
* '''L333''') [[On the Latin Language]]: Volume I. Books 5–7
* '''L334''') On the Latin Language: Volume II. Books 8–10. Fragments

=====[[Vitruvius]]=====
* '''L251''') [[De Architectura|On Architecture]]: Volume I. Books 1–5. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99277-1}}.
* '''L280''') On Architecture: Volume II. Books 6–10. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99309-9}}.

==== Fragmentary Collections ====
=====Old Latin, edited by [[E.H. Warmington|Warmington, E.H.]]=====
* '''L294''') Remains of Old Latin: Volume I. [[Ennius]]. [[Caecilius Statius|Caecilius]]
* '''L314''') Remains of Old Latin: Volume II. [[Livius Andronicus]]. [[Gnaeus Naevius|Naevius]]. [[Pacuvius]]. [[Lucius Accius|Accius]]
* '''L329''') Remains of Old Latin: Volume III. [[Gaius Lucilius|Lucilius]]. [[The Law of the Twelve Tables]]
* '''L359''') Remains of Old Latin: Volume IV. Archaic Inscriptions

=====Fragmentary Republican Latin=====
* '''L294N''') Volume I. [[Ennius]]: Testimonia. Epic Fragments.
* '''L537''') Volume II. Ennius: Dramatic Fragments. Minor Works.
* '''L540''') Volume III. Oratory, Part 1. Beginning with [[Appius Claudius Caecus]] (340–273 BCE).
* '''L541''') Volume IV. Oratory, Part 2.
* '''L542''') Volume V. Oratory, Part 3.
* '''L314N''') Volume VI. [[Livius Andronicus]]. [[Gnaeus Naevius|Naevius]]. [[Caecilius Statius|Caecilius]].
* '''L559''') Volume VII. [[Pacuvius]]. Minor Tragic Poets. Unidentified Dramatists.

== References ==
<references />

== Further reading ==

*James Loeb, [http://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/loeb_intro.htm The Loeb Classical Library: a word about its purpose and scope] (1912)
* {{cite journal|title=Little Big Books: The red and green guides to the wisdom of the ancient world|author=Tracy Lee Simmons|volume=11|issue=40|date=July 3, 2006|journal=[[The Weekly Standard]]|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/377gxtgk.asp|archive-date=March 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329140317/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/377gxtgk.asp}}

==Sources and external links==
* [https://www.hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=1031 The Loeb Classical Library] (official page): complete catalogue, information about the series' history and new publications
* [https://www.loebclassics.com The Digital Loeb Classical Library]
* [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library The Loeb Classical Library] on Wikisource
* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/home.html The ancient texts section] of the [[LacusCurtius]] website and [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cache/perscoll_Greco-Roman.html#text1 Greco-Roman collection] of the [[Perseus Project]] include several of the earliest editions, which have now passed out of copyright. In some cases these editions differ only slightly from those currently published by the LCL; in other cases a great deal has been revised.
* [https://ryanfb.github.io/loebolus/ Loebolus: Loeb Classical Library books in the public domain available online]
* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vRkUFBfVVqv5Tr2aZS4apFNpTJ-ys6VqeQxgsAI1v7cH5putIgchYWJAVGHuu0lWGmdD2DU7Vb1o7XH/pubhtml?gid=1074468511 List of scans of Loebs] in the "Links Galore" spreadsheet
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210708094442/https://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/loeb/downloads/buried-history-lcl.pdf One Hundred Years of the Loeb Classical Library] by G.H.R. Horsley
* [[iarchive:lcl-loeb-classical-library-complete-545-vols.|Complete series]] (545 volumes) on [[Internet Archive|Archive.org]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dual-language series of texts]]
[[Category:Book series]]
[[Category:Editorial collections]]
[[Category:Harvard University publications]]
[[Category:Classics publications]]
[[Category:Translations into English]]

Patanjali Yogpeeth

2026-02-22T23:50:40Z

AhmadFosbery49: update

{{Short description|Indian yoga institute}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=January 2026}}
{{COI|date=January 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox institute
| image = Patanjali_yogpeeth_entrance.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Entrance to Patanjali Yogpeeth
| latin_name =
| motto =
| founder = [[Ramdev]], [[Balkrishna]]
| established = {{start date|2006}}
| mission =
| focus = Yoga, Ayurveda
| president =
| chairman = [[Balkrishna]]
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| adjunct_faculty =
| staff =
| key_people = [[Ramdev]], [[Balkrishna]]
| budget =
| endowment =
| debt =
| num_members =
| subsidiaries =
| owner = Divya Yoga Mandir Trust ([[Balkrishna]])
| non-profit_slogan =
| former_name =
| location =
| city = [[Haridwar]]
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coor =
| address =
| website = [http://www.divyayoga.com/ Divya Yog Mandir (Trust)]
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Patanjali Yogpeeth''' is a [[yoga]] institute located in [[Haridwar]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]. Founded in 2006 and named after the Rishi [[Patanjali]], the purpose of the institute is to practice, research, and develop [[yoga]] and [[ayurveda]]. The institute is the flagship project of the yoga teacher and entrepreneur [[Ramdev]].

The Patanjali Yogpeeth houses a hospital, pharmacy and several Patanjali trusts.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kapur |first1=Manavi |last2=Pinto |first2=Viveat Susan |date=2015-10-31 |title=Patanjali and the tycoon in saffron |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/patanjali-and-the-tycoon-in-saffron-115103001592_1.html |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> It is also the home of the [[University of Patanjali]] and the Yog Gram [[ashram]]. [[Balkrishna]] is the General Secretary of Patanjali Yogpeeth.<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/news/national-jasoda-ben-is-in-ramdev-ashram-11258576.html "जसोदा बेन की पतंजलि योगपीठ में मौजूदगी को आश्रम ने नकारा"] Jagran.com, 23 April 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.dehradun.amarujala.com/news/politics-dun/baba-ramdev-in-swachh-bharat-campaign-hindi-news/ "बेकार नहीं जाएगा मोदी का बाबा रामदेव पर भरोसा"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020184235/http://www.dehradun.amarujala.com/news/politics-dun/baba-ramdev-in-swachh-bharat-campaign-hindi-news/ |date=20 October 2014 }} Amarujala, 2 October 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.indoamerican-news.com/?p=31959 "Patanjali Yogpeeth Held 3-day Yoga Workshop in Houston"] Indo American News, 5 March 2015</ref> Ramdev is the Vice-Chancellor of the Patanjali Yogapeeth.<ref>{{cite news |title=Soft drinks taking last breath: Ramdev |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070407/delhi.htm |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood |quote=Swami Ramdev is the Vice-Chancellor of the Patanjali Yogapeeth}}</ref>

In 2017, the [[Income Tax Appellate Tribunal]] (ITAT) gave [[Tax exemption|tax exempt]] status to Patanjali Yogpeeth through its Delhi bench.<ref name="TaxExempt">{{cite news |title=Baba Ramdev's Patanjali Yogpeeth gets tax-exempt status |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/baba-ramdevs-patanjali-yogpeeth-gets-tax-exempt-status/ |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=19 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Located on the [[Haridwar]]-[[Delhi]] highway, the institute offers treatments for all and has residential accommodations. It is about {{Convert|20|km|abbr=on}} from Haridwar at [[Kankhal]] and about {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from [[Roorkee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/patanjali-yog-peeth-to-promote-ayurveda-in-himachal/15714473.shtml |title=Patanjali Yog Peeth to promote Ayurveda in Himachal |publisher=Merinews.com |date=2009-02-28 |access-date=2012-08-28}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/thousands-take-part-in-sanyas-week-at-patanjali-yogpeeth/58017.html 'Thousands take part in ‘sanyas week’ at Patanjali Yogpeeth'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010171235/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/thousands-take-part-in-sanyas-week-at-patanjali-yogpeeth/58017.html |date=10 October 2019 }} The Tribune, 25 March 2015</ref>

==Patanjali Yogpeeth Trust==
Patanjali Yogpeeth Trust, a non-profit organisation started by [[Ramdev]], aims to carry out welfare activities in the spheres of health care, education and other [[Socioeconomics|socio-economic]] activities. Patanjali drives its [[social responsibility]] initiatives through the Patanjali Yogpeeth Trust.<ref>{{citation|publisher=LinkedIn|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/business-plan-marketingmeet-indias-new-fmcg-giant-divya-vangipuram|title=No Business Plan. No Marketing.Meet India's new FMCG giant, Patanjali|date=1 June 2015}}</ref>

==University of Patanjali==
{{Infobox university
|name = University of Patanjali
|image =
|established = {{start date|2006}}
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|city = [[Haridwar]]
|state = [[Uttarakhand]]
|country = [[India]]
|website = {{Official website|http://www.universityofpatanjali.com}}
}}

[[University of Patanjali]] is located in [[Haridwar]], [[Uttarakhand]]. It was established in 2006.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=34&Unitype=3 | title=Private University | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | access-date=12 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Patanjali Yogapeeth at Hardwar|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1017524021.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202336/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1017524021.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2015|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=12 August 2015|date=April 6, 2006}}</ref> The university is also engaged in state-of-the-art Ayurvedic research. The research fields are a combination of Yoga, Ayurvedic medicine, and other ancient Indian medicinal resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University Of Patanjali |url=https://www.universityofpatanjali.com/research_papers.php |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=www.universityofpatanjali.com}}</ref> As in April 2024, the university has over 1,500 students.

Patanjali Yogpeeth comprises two campuses, named Patanjali Yogpeeth - I and Patanjali Yogpeeth - II respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://haridwarcity.in/patanjali-yogpeeth-haridwar/ |title=Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar |publisher=Haridwar City |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809112612/http://haridwarcity.in/patanjali-yogpeeth-haridwar/ |archive-date=9 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Patanjali Yogpeeth - I===
[[File:Patanjali_yogpeeth_mainbldg.jpg|thumb|Patanjali Yogpeeth I, Main Building (Sadbhawana)]]
This first Yogpeeth campus was commissioned on 6 April 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.divyayoga.com/divya-yog-mandir/a-campuses/pantanjali-yogpeeth-i.html |title=Patanjali Yogpeeth - I |publisher=Divya Yog Mandir (Trust) |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=5 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105003632/http://www.divyayoga.com/divya-yog-mandir/a-campuses/pantanjali-yogpeeth-i.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* In 2010, the Patanjali Ayurveda College study and research facility was commissioned as part of the university.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} The campus library has a special area dedicated to the research of [[yoga]] and [[ayurveda]]. Various ancient books are being restored and digitized.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patanjali Sutras|url=https://yoganda.yoga/what-is-ashtanga-yoga/}}</ref>

===Patanjali Yogpeeth - II===
This second Yogpeeth campus was inaugurated in April 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.divyayoga.com/patanjali-yog-peeth/a-campuses/patanjali-yogpeeth-ii.html |title=Patanjali Yogpeeth - II |publisher=Divya Yog Mandir (Trust) |access-date=26 July 2015 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506004143/http://www.divyayoga.com/patanjali-yog-peeth/a-campuses/patanjali-yogpeeth-ii.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* '''Patanjali Yog Bhavan''' is a huge auditorium of 200,000 sq. ft. where thousands of participants practice yoga, [[pranayama]] and [[meditation]] together.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
* '''Shraddhalayam''' is a 60,000 sq. ft. air conditioned auditorium.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}
* '''Patanjali Wellness''' is a 40,000 sq. ft. centre where up to about 1,000 people can perform and participate in natural wellness treatments based on [[Yoga]], [[Ayurveda]], and Naturopathy, including but not limited to diet therapy, physiotherapy, [[panchakarma]], and [[shatkarma]] therapies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patanjali Wellness |url=https://patanjaliwellness.com/Gallery.php/ |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=patanjaliwellness.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Acharyakulam==
{{Infobox school
| name = Acharyakulam
| image_size = 5
| logo =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = {{!}}{{!}}सा प्रथमा संस्कृतिर्विश्ववारा{{!}}{{!}}
(Sa Prathama Sanskritirvishwawara)
| motto_translation = The foremost culture of the world, enriched by only time!
| location = [[Haridwar]]
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| country = India
| coordinates = 
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type = Private
| established = {{start date|2013}}
| chairperson = [[Acharya Balkrishna]]
| opened =
| closed =
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| principal = Aradhana Kaul
| staff = 120
| grades = V to XII
| gender = 
| age_range =
| enrollment = 
| language = English
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Residential
| houses =
| colours =
| song =
| website = {{URL|http://acharyakulam.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}

Acharyakulam is a school based on [[Vedas|Vedic]]-cum[[Modern Education Schools|-modern education]] near Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar. It is a residential educational institution for students from grades 5th to 12th.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130514015900/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ramdev-praises-narendra-modi-shares-stage-with-him-in-haridwar/387919-3-243.html "Ramdev praises Narendra Modi, shares stage with him in Haridwar"] IBN Live, 26 April 2013</ref> It was inaugurated on 26 April 2013 by [[Narendra Modi]], the then [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-26 |title=Narendra Modi inaugurates Ramdev's school in Haridwar {{!}} India News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/narendra-modi-inaugurates-ramdevs-school-in-haridwar_844787.html |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> It is affiliated to [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE).<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/ramdev-educated-youths-key-to-india-becoming-superpower/20857.html "Ramdev: Educated youths key to India becoming superpower"] The Tribune, 22 December 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.jagran.com/news/national-ramdev-creat-five-lakh-acharya-kulam-11848338.html "देशभर में पांच लाख आचार्य कुलम बनाएंगे रामदेव"] Jagran 7 December 2014</ref>

Ramdev's main aim behind opening Acharyakulam was to promote [[Vedic]] education and [[Indian culture]].<ref>[https://www.naidunia.com/national-acharyakulam-will-open-after-return-of-vaidik-393475 "वैदिक युग की वापसी को खुलेंगे आचार्यकुलम"] Naidunia, 20 Jun 2015</ref> He believed establishing Acharyaklam will help to protect the [[culture of India]] and promote Vedic knowledge to new generations of Indians. In 2014, Ramdev proposed to the central government to have a new educational board that would collate insights from ancient Gurukul system and modern sciences, and bring uniformity in education dispersed at other such schools including Vidya Bharti Schools and Gurukuls run by RSS and Arya Samaj.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chopra |first=Ritika |date=2014-10-30 |title=Set up new national school board: Baba Ramdev to Narendra Modi government |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/set-up-new-national-school-board-baba-ramdev-to-narendra-modi-government/articleshow/44976856.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Admission===

The admissions examination happens in December.<ref>[http://www.amarujala.com/news/city/hisar/hisar-hindi-news/yog-guru-ramdev-in-hisar-hindi-news/] "आचार्यकुलम के लिए ज्ञान क्रांति यात्रा की शुरुआत आज" ''Amar Ujala'', 20 October 2015</ref> The examination happens for the fifth class. The selected students are tested again for a week in Acharyakulam. 80 boys and 40 successful girls get the admission after that their further education continues until 12th standard.<ref>Nai Duniya [https://www.naidunia.com/national-acharyakulam-will-open-after-return-of-vaidik-393475] "वैदिक युग की वापसी को खुलेंगे आचार्यकुलम" 20 Jun 2015</ref>

Ramdev plans to establish 600 schools in 600 districts across the country. Apart from Indian culture, [[Sanskrit]] and [[Yoga]], it will also provide education in modern science.<ref>[http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/hisar/after-yoga-ramdev-will-revolutionize-education/articleshow/48845960.cms] "योग के बाद अब शैक्षिक क्रांति करेंगे बाबा रामदेव" Navbharat Times, 7 September 2015</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20150909073412/http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/baba-ram-dev-to-open-600-schools-in-all-districts-of-india/article1-1388108.aspx] "Baba Ram Dev to open 600 schools in all districts of India" Hindustan Times, 9 September 2015</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/baba-ramdev-school-chain-aacharya-kulam-haridwar-230385-2014-12-08] "Baba Ramdev to open chain of schools across India" Indian Today, 9 December 2014</ref><ref>[http://www.samaylive.com/regional-news-in-hindi/rajasthan-news-in-hindi/330913/vasundhara-raje-assured-help-to-baba-ramdev-for-acharya-kulam.html] "राजे ने आचार्य कुलम के लिये बाबा रामदेव को दिलाया मदद का भरोसा" 31 October 2015, Samay live</ref> In 2018 Ayush Sharma and Yuvraj Aaditya Arya received overall 99% and 98% respectively in class 10 CBSE Board exams.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/cbse-10th-result-ramdev-expresses-happiness-over-acharyakulam-s-students-performance-118053000094_1.html|title=CBSE 10th result: Ramdev expresses happiness over Acharyakulam's students' performance|last=ANI|date=2018-05-30|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-cbse-class-10-results-spectacular-performance-by-students-of-swami-ramdev-s-acharyakulam-444556|title=CBSE Class 10 results: Spectacular performance by students of Swami Ramdev's Acharyakulam|date=2018-05-29|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref>

On 27 September 2018, [[Amit Shah]], [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]] and Ramdev inaugurated new premises of Acharyakulam near Patanjali Yogpeeth Phase-1.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Yoganda|url=http://yoganda.yoga/|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

==Yog Gram==
Yog Gram is an [[ashram]] run by Patanjali Yogpeeth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Kalyan |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Fraudsters Dupe People on Pretext of Booking Haridwar Ashram Online |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/fraudsters-dupe-people-on-pretext-of-booking-haridwar-ashram-online/articleshow/91605996.cms |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> A natural health center that was built in 2009 at the ashram suffered a fire in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=2020-03-23 |title=Huge fire sweeps through Ramdev's natural health complex in Haridwar |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/huge-fire-sweeps-through-ramdev-s-natural-health-complex-in-haridwar-120032300337_1.html |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> It maintains a natural environment.<ref>aadhiabadi.com [http://www.aadhiabadi.com/positive-interference/initiative/961-who-is-baba-ramdev_3 'पतंजलि फूड एवं हर्बल पार्क: "'स्‍वदेशी' को विचार से धरातल पर उतार दिया बाबा रामदेव ने!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205102147/http://www.aadhiabadi.com/positive-interference/initiative/961-who-is-baba-ramdev_3 |date=5 February 2015 }} 30 June 2014</ref> It provides physical, mental and spiritual health treatments through the integrated therapy of [[Ayurveda]].<ref>[http://yoggram.divyayoga.com/information/history.html "Yog Gram"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319022013/http://yoggram.divyayoga.com/information/history.html |date=19 March 2015 }} Divya yog</ref>

The concept of Yog Gram is from Ramdev and his associate Balkrishna.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} It was inaugurated by former [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]] [[B. C. Khanduri]] on 8 June 2008. In 2015, expansion work began in [[Tirupati]].<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2015/Oct/08/ramdev-to-set-up-yoga-gram-in-tirupati-826424.html Tirupati /2015/10/08/article3068724.ece1]{{cbignore|bot=medic}} "Yog Guru Baba Ramdev to set up Yoga Gram in [[Tirupati]]" Indian Express</ref> In 2019, Yog Gram expanded to serve 600 patients from 300.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/haridwar-13283426.html|title=600 लोग एक साथ करा सकेंगे प्राकृतिक उपचार|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref>

Yog Gram was described as Adarsh village, with the following facilities.<ref>[http://www.merinews.com/article/go-to-yoga-gram-patanjali-yogpeeth-for-kaya-kalp---complete-makeover/15868881.shtml "Go to yoga gram Patanjali yogpeeth for kaya kalp - complete makeover"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321051256/http://www.merinews.com/article/go-to-yoga-gram-patanjali-yogpeeth-for-kaya-kalp---complete-makeover/15868881.shtml |date=21 March 2015 }} MeriNews 26 April 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-amit-shah-praises-ramdev-for-popularizing-ancient-indian-traditions-2018601 | title=Amit Shah praises Ramdev for popularizing ancient Indian traditions | publisher=DNA India | agency=ANI | date=14 September 2014 | access-date=20 December 2020 }}</ref>
* [[Naturopathy]]
*[[Yoga]]
*[[Meditation]]
*Panchkarma
*[[Shatkarma]]
*[[Gaushala]] ([[Cowshed]])

== Controversies ==

=== Ramdev's comments against modern medicine ===
In May 2021, [[Ramdev#Comments against modern medicine|Ramdev sparked controversy]] when he spoke against modern medical science in the context of [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. The [[Indian Medical Association]] (IMA) objected to his comments. On 22 May, the IMA's Uttarakhand division sent a defamation notice of {{INRConvert|1000|c|year=2021}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title='Criminal act': Ramdev gets ₹1,000 cr defamation notice from IMA Uttarakhand|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/criminal-act-ramdev-gets-rs-1-000-cr-defamation-notice-from-ima-uttarakhand-101622014713092.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IMA Uttarakhand sends Rs 1,000-cr defamation notice to Ramdev over remarks on allopathy|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/ima-uttarakhand-sends-rs-1000-cr-defamation-notice-to-ramdev-over-remarks-on-allopathy/story/440033.html|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=26 May 2021 }}</ref> On 27 May, Patanjali Yogpeeth confirmed that it had received the defamation notice from IMA demanding an apology from Ramdev over his remarks. In a statement, the institute quoting Balkrishna said it would give a befitting reply legally to IMA. The institute claimed that all of its activities are carried out with scientific and truthful temperament. It said it "cannot allow anyone to disparage, neglect and demean the great knowledge and science of rishis and scriptures".<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 May 2021|title=Patanjali says 'received' legal notice from IMA, will give 'befitting reply'|work=Live Mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/patanjali-says-received-legal-notice-from-ima-will-give-befitting-reply-11622135617381.html|url-status=live|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531123240/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/patanjali-says-received-legal-notice-from-ima-will-give-befitting-reply-11622135617381.html|archive-date=31 May 2021}}</ref>

=== 2023-24 Supreme Court Case ===
[[Indian Medical Association]] (IMA) filed a lawsuit against Patanjali Yogapeeth claiming Patanjali was falsely advertising that their products and treatments cured diseases without proofs for the same. The [[Supreme Court of India]] took a strong stance against Patanjali Ayurved and its co-founders, Baba Ramdev and Acharya Balkrishna, for their ongoing issuance of misleading advertisements. These ads claimed that certain Patanjali products could cure diseases like diabetes and asthma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Ashish |title=Country taken for a ride: SC on 'misleading' Patanjali advertisements |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/country-taken-for-a-ride-sc-on-misleading-patanjali-advertisements-2912159 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The court rejected their apologies, deeming them insufficient and mere "lip service", and noted a blatant disregard for prior judicial directives meant to curb such misleading practices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Supreme Court blasts yoga guru Ramdev over apology affidavit: 'Lip service' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/baba-ramdev-supreme-court-patanjali-misleading-ads-case-2522034-2024-04-02 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

The court has explicitly banned Patanjali from advertising any products as treatments for specific diseases, reinforcing the prohibition under the [[Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=Patanjali false ads case: SC summons yog guru Ramdev, Acharya Balkrishna |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/patanjali-false-ads-case-sc-summons-yog-guru-ramdev-acharya-balkrishna-422004-2024-03-19 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Telles et al. (2013): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3737445/ "''Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar: An Ayurveda center which includes treatment, research, and education''"], [[Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|J Ayurveda Integr Med]] 2013 Apr-Jun; 4(2): 120–122.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.divyayoga.com/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{coord missing|Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2006]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Ramdev]]
[[Category:Yoga schools]]
[[Category:Yoga organizations]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic organisations]]
[[Category:Naturopathy]]
[[Category:Patanjali Ayurved]]

Deepa Malik

2026-02-21T22:39:52Z

AhmadFosbery49: general expanded references after review further and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian paralympic swimmer, biker, and athlete (born 1970)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Deepa Malik
| image = Deepa Malik.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Malik in 2016
| fullname = Deepa Malik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|9|30}}
|module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes
| office = President of [[Paralympic Committee of India]]
| term_start = 1 February 2020
| term_end = 8 March 2024
| predecessor = Gursharan Singh (Acting President)
| successor = [[Devendra Jhajharia]]
}}
| birth_place = Bhainswal, [[Haryana]], [[India]]<ref name="Meet Deepa">{{cite news |title=Rio Paralympics: Meet Deepa Malik, athlete extraordinaire |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Rio-Paralympics-Meet-Deepa-Malik-athlete-extraordinaire/articleshow/54013329.cms |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN |date=5 September 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170831184919/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/Rio-Paralympics-Meet-Deepa-Malik-athlete-extraordinaire/articleshow/54013329.cms |archive-date=31 August 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| country = India
| event = [[Shot Put]], [[Javelin Throw]], [[Discus Throw]], [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]] & [[Motorcycling]]
| paralympics = [[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} {{MedalSport|Women's athletics}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Paralympic Games]]}}[[File:IPC logo (2019).svg|center|40px]]{{MedalSilver|[[2016 Summer Paralympics|2016 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics - Women's shot put|Shot put – F53]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[IPC Athletics World Championships|IPC World Championships]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2011 IPC Athletics World Championships|2011 Christchurch]]|[[2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's shot put#F52/53|Shot put – F52-53]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2010 Asian Para Games|2010 Guangzhou]]|[[2010 Asian Para Games – Women's Javelin Throw#F33/34/52/53|Javelin throw – F33-34-52-53]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2014 Asian Para Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[2014 Asian Para Games – Women's Javelin Throw#F53/54|Javelin throw -F53-54]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2018 Asian Para Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[2018 Asian Para Games – Women's Discus throw#F51-52-53|Discus throw – F51/52/53]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2018 Asian Para Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[2018 Asian Para Games – Women's Javelin Throw#F53/54|Javelin Throw – F53-54]]}}

}}
'''Deepa Malik''' (born 30 September 1970) is an Indian para athlete from Haryana. She won a silver medal at the [[2016 Summer Paralympics]] in [[shot put]], becoming the first Indian woman to win a medal in the [[Paralympic Games]].<ref name="first">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37346780 |title=Deepa Malik: First Indian woman to win Paralympics medal |website=[[BBC News Online]] |language=en-GB |date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913065550/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37346780 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportscafe.in/articles/sports/2016/sep/12/paralympics-2016-deepa-malik-wins-silver-medal-in-shot-put|title=Paralympics 2016 {{!}} Deepa Malik wins silver medal in shot put|date=2016-09-12|access-date=2016-09-14}}</ref>

In 2020, she was elected as President of the [[Paralympic Committee of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-01 |title=Deepa Malik elected Paralympic Committee of India president |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/deepa-malik-elected-paralympic-committee-of-india-president-6246515/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Malik was born to Veena Nagpal and Bal Krishan Nagpal in 1970.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-18 |title=Gurgaon's daughter Deepa Malik gets rousing welcome |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-s-daughter-deepa-malik-gets-rousing-welcome/story-w7l3taSWYG6yiCJu40fxvM.html |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Her father was in the Indian Army. Her brother, Vikram Nagpal, is a brigadier in the Indian Army.<ref name=":0" /> Her elder daughter, Devika, is studying sports psychology.<ref name=":0" /> At 5, she was diagnosed with a spinal tumor for which she underwent three years of treatment. The treatment was successful but Malik required aggressive physiotherapy to recover.

In 1999 at age 29, Malik was again diagnosed with [[spinal tumor]]. She underwent three surgeries to successfully remove the tumor but the surgeries left her paralyzed from the waist down. Afterwards, she again underwent physiotherapy for six years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deepa Malik elected Paralympic Committee of India president|url=https://abilitymagazine.com/deepa-malik/|access-date=2024-01-18|website=Ability Magazine|language=en}}</ref> After recovering, Malik began to develop an interest in sports. She became a swimmer and a biker, and soon afterwards swam across the [[Yamuna|River Yamuna]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-05 |title=Rio Paralympics: Meet Deepa Malik, athlete extraordinaire |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/rio-paralympics-meet-deepa-malik-athlete-extraordinaire/articleshow/54013329.cms |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Sports career==
{{BLP sources section|date=January 2025}}
Malik started her sports career at the age of 30 in 2000. She qualified B level in javelin throw F53 category for [[2008 Summer Olympics]] at Beijing. In 2006, she came second in the FESPIC Games, Kuala Lumpur in S5 swimming backstroke category. In 2008, she represented India in the World Open Swimming Championship at Berlin and finished 10th in S5 swimming backstroke event. In 2009, she won a shot put bronze medal at IWAS World Games.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In January 2011, she won a silver medal at the IPC World Athletics Championship in Christchurch. At the same event, she qualified for the Commonwealth Games in shot put. In December 2011, she won two bronze medals with Asian records at the IWAS World Games at Sharjah. In April 2012, she won two gold medals at the first Malaysian Open Athletics Championship in Javelin and discus throw F53 category. In 2013, she qualified for the IPC World Athletics Championship at Lyon 2013 at the German Open Athletics Championship, Berlin 2013. In April 2014, she won a gold in the shot put F53-55 category at the IPC 2nd China Open Athletics Championship at Beijing. In 2015, she got a 5th place in the IPC Athletics World Championship, Doha, Qatar in shot put, diploma 5th position. In March 2016, she won a gold in javelin and silver in shot put at the IPC Oceania Asian Championship, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. In 2018, she won a gold in the F-53/54 javelin event at the Para Athletic Grand Prix held in Dubai.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

=== Asian Para Games ===
She won the first medal by an Indian woman winning a bronze at Para-Asian Games at China in December 2010. She is the only Indian woman to win medals in three consecutive Asian Para Games in 2010, 2014 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 18, 2019 |title=Deepa Malik becomes first female para-athlete to win Khel Ratna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/deepa-malik-becomes-first-female-para-athlete-to-win-khel-ratna/articleshow/70721047.cms |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

In 2014, she won a silver medal at the [[Incheon]] Asian Para Games 2014 in the women's 53–54 javelin with a new Asian Record. She also qualified for the IPC World Athletics Championship to be held at Doha in October 2015.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In 2018, she won two bronze medals in the Asian Para Games at Jakarta. She won a bronze in the F53/F54 category javelin throw and another bronze in F51/52/53 category discus throw.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

=== Paralympic Games ===
In the 2016 Summer Paralympics at Rio, she won a silver medal in shot put and became the first woman to win a Paralympic medal for India.<ref name="first" />

== Motorsports ==
Deepa Malik was one of the first persons to receive a license for an invalid (modified) rally vehicle,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew |first=Godwin |date=2021-08-14 |title=All you need to know about Deepa Malik - the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Paralympics |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/all-need-know-deepa-malik-first-indian-woman-win-medal-paralympics |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepa Malik Birthday Special: Inspiring story of India's first Paralympic Games medallist |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/deepa-malik-the-story-of-a-winner |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> a case she consistently pursued for 19 months in Maharashtra. She is also the first physically challenged individual in the country to receive an official rally license from the [[Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India|Federation of Motor Sports Club of India]] (FMSCI) and become a navigator and driver in the toughest car rallies of the country- Raid-de-HIMALAYA 2009<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2020-05-11 |title=I've retired from active sports, but not today: Deepa Malik |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/deepa-malik-announces-retirement-need-to-serve-para-sports/article31557787.ece |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> and Desert Storm 2010.

She undertook an 8-day, 1,700-km drive in sub-zero temperatures which included a climb to {{convert|18000|ft}} in the [[Raid De Himalaya]] event that went through remote [[Himalayas]], [[Leh]], [[Shimla]] and [[Jammu]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 April 2012 |title=Deepa Malik [Biography] Swimmer, Biker of the world |url=http://www.matpal.com/2012/04/deepa-malik-biography-swimmerbiker-of.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714200555/http://www.matpal.com/2012/04/deepa-malik-biography-swimmerbiker-of.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=14 July 2014 |work=MATPAL DEV |publisher=matpal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 September 2013 |title=Deepa Malik's inspiring drive finally concludes in Delhi |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/deepa-malik-s-inspiring-drive-finally-concludes-in-delhi-113093001017_1.html |access-date=14 July 2014 |work=CarDekho Team |publisher=business-standard.com |location=Jaipur}}</ref>

Malik participated in the grid and national anthem ceremony at the start of the 2013 [[Indian Grand Prix]] at the [[Buddh International Circuit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodapati |first=David |date=29 October 2021 |title=Women In Motorsports India inducts Deepa Malik |url=https://indiainf1.com/women-in-motorsports-india-inducts-deepa-malik/ |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=INDIAinF1.com}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Malik is married to Bikram Singh Malik, who proposed to her with a bike rather than a ring. They bonded over a mutual love of sports. "I had fallen in love with Bikram because he was a biker," said Malik of their relationship. Malik is a former colonel in the Indian Army. Together, they have two daughters.<ref>{{cite news|title=The extraordinary story of paralympian Deepa Malik, who won medals for India from her wheelchair|date=January 18, 2020|url=https://www.indianwomenblog.org/read-why-deepa-maliks-husband-proposed-her-with-a-bike-not-a-ring/| access-date=18 January 2024 |work=Scroll In|author1=Boria Majumdar |author2=Nalin Mehta}}</ref>

In 2003, while her husband was away on tour, she opened a restaurant in [[Ahmednagar]] where she employed underprivileged youths and took care that they return to their education. The restaurant continued operations until its closure in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Boria Majumdar & Nalin |date=2018-01-26 |title=Women who beat odds to shine: Gurugram's Deepa Malik among 100 winners of govt award|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/women-who-beat-odds-to-shine-gurgaons-deepa-malik-among-100-winners-of-govt-award/articleshow/62586263.cms |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
===National awards===
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Ms. Deepa Malik, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2017.jpg|thumb|The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Ms. Deepa Malik, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2017]]
*President Role Model Award (2014)
*Arjuna Award in 2012 at the age of 42 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NYOOOZ - Simply News Local News, India News, City News, Politics |url=https://www.nyoooz.com/ |website=NYOOOZ}}</ref>
*Maharashtra Chhatrapati Award (sports) (2009–10)
*Haryana Karambhoomi Award (2008)
*Swawlamban Puruskar Maharashtra (2006)
*[[Padma Shri]] Award (2017)<ref name="padma awards">{{Cite web |last=Boria Majumdar |first=Nalin Mehta |date=January 2020 |title=Padma Awards 2017 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157675 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
*First Ladies Award - Ministry of Women & Child Development.
*[[Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna]] Award (2019)<ref name="khel awards">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/khel-ratna-for-deepa-malik-and-bajrang-punia-arjuna-for-ravindra-jadeja/articleshow/70714206.cms|title=Khel Ratna for Deepa Malik and Bajrang Punia, Arjuna for Ravindra Jadeja - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=17 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 19, 2019|first=Akaash|last=Dasgupta|title=Deepa Malik: My father told me 'you are cursing the dark Deepa, become the lamp': Khel Ratna awardee Deepa Malik|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/my-father-told-me-you-are-cursing-the-dark-deepa-become-the-lamp-khel-ratna-awardee-deepa-malik/articleshow/71180252.cms|access-date=2021-03-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

===Other awards===
* The Wise Owl Literary Award 2026 (1st Runner Up)for her book ''Bring It On''.<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/DUzsrPqDFKM/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==</ref>
*WCRC Leaders Asia Excellence Award 2014
*Limca people of the year award 2014
*{{proper name|iCONGO Karamveer Puruskar}} 2014
*Amazing Indian Awards Times Now-2013
*Cavinkare National Ability Mastery Award −2013
*Karamaveer Chakra award 2013
*Nominee for L'Oreal Femina Awards 2013 in “Women We Love Category”
*Batra Positive Health Hero Award 2012
*AWWA Excellence Award For Sports 2012
*Media Peace & Excellence Award For Sports 2012
*Maharana Mewar Arawali Sports Award 2012
*Misaal-e-Himmat Award (2012)
*International Women's day appreciation Award 2011 – Cancer Patient Aid Association New Delhi.
*Shree Shakti Puruskar CARE- 2011
*District Sports Award Ahmednagar-2010
*Rashtra Gaurav Puraskar 2009
*Naari Gaurav Puraskar 2009
*Guru Gobind Shaurya Puraskar 2009
*Rotary Women Of The Year Award 2007

;
; For the silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

* {{INRConvert|4|c}} from the [[Government of Haryana]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Deepa Malik becomes first Indian woman to win medal at Paralympics, bags silver in shotput|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/deepa-malik-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-win-medal-at-paralympics-wins-silver-in-shotput-3027788/|access-date=12 September 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|50|l}} from the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Rio Paralympic medallists to be given cash awards|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/rio-paralympic-medallists-to-be-given-cash-awards-116090600582_1.html|access-date=12 September 2016|work=Business Standard|date=6 September 2016}}</ref>

== Records and rankings ==
* Holds An Official IPC Asian Record In Javelin F-53 Category – Felicitated by Milkha Singh and P.T.Usha.
* Holds All Three National Records In Throws {Discus, Javelin, Shot-put} In F-53 Category
* Holds All Three National Records In S-1 Swimming Category {Back Stroke, Breast Stroke, Free Style }
* World Ranking 2010–12 – 2nd Shot-put, 3rd -Discus, 3rd Javelin
* Asian Ranking 2010–12 – 1st In All Three Throws
'''LIMCA World Records'''
* Longest Pan-India drive done by a paraplegic women. Chennai-Delhi 3278 km – 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sathyabama.ac.in/sitepagethree.php?firstref=100|title=Awards|website=www.sathyabama.ac.in|access-date=14 October 2019|archive-date=5 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005042722/http://www.sathyabama.ac.in/sitepagethree.php?firstref=100|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Driving Across Nine High Altitude Passes in Nine Days on Leh-Ladakh Highest Motorable Roads. (First Woman in the world in her disability to attempt a journey like this – 2011)
* Riding Special Bike −2009
* Swimming in River Yamuna Against The Current For 1 km. Allahabad-2008

== Public appearances ==

* 11 October 2019, On the occasion of [[International Day of the Girl Child]], Deepa appeared on the popular Indian TV game show [[Kaun Banega Crorepati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/amjad-ali-khan-para-athletes-deepa-malik-manasi-joshi-celebrate-amitabh-bachchans-birthday-on-kbc-sets-2341779.html|title=Amjad Ali Khan, Para-athletes Deepa Malik, Manasi Joshi Celebrate Amitabh Bachchan's Birthday on KBC Sets|website=News18|date=11 October 2019|access-date=2019-10-19}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Deepa Malik joined the [[BJP]] shortly before the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/elections/deepa-malik-first-indian-woman-athlete-to-win-paralympics-medal-joins-bjp/1526850/|title=Deepa Malik, first Indian woman athlete to win Paralympics medal, joins BJP|date=2019-03-25|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-19}}</ref> She is a member of the working group in the formulation 12th five-year plan (2012–2017) on sports and physical education as nominated by the Planning Commission HRD Division on behalf of the Sports Ministry.

== See also ==
*[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's shot put (F32–34/52/53)]]
*[[2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's discus throw]]
*[[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Para Games]]
*[[2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's javelin throw]]
*[[2011 IPC Athletics World Championships – Women's shot put]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{sister project links|d=Q17352184|n=Wikinews interviews India's first female Paralympic medalist Deepa Malik|wikt=no|s=no|q=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|c=no}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{Sports links}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131244/http://www.readersdigest.co.in/how-deepa-malik-got-her-wheels-back How Deepa Malik Got Her Wheels Back] by Snigdha Hasan

{{Paralympic medalists for India}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Deepa}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Indian women javelin throwers]]
[[Category:Indian women shot putters]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:People from Sonipat district]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Athletes from Haryana]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for India]]
[[Category:FESPIC Games competitors]]
[[Category:Wheelchair shot putters]]
[[Category:Wheelchair javelin throwers]]
[[Category:Paralympic shot putters]]
[[Category:Paralympic javelin throwers]]
[[Category:Medalists at the World Para Athletics Championships]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2014 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Para Games]]

Sasaram

2026-02-16T12:27:45Z

AhmadFosbery49: fixes

{{multiple issues|
{{cleanup|reason=Later sections in the article are not properly formatted|date=October 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sasaram
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1
| perrow = 2/2/2
| image2 = Sher Shah Suri Tomb.jpg
}}
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Tomb of Sher Shah Suri]], Sasaram
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
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| shield_alt =
| etymology =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Sasaram block map.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Sasaram block
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|24.95|N|84.03|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna Division|Patna]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Municipal Corporation
| governing_body = Sasaram Municipal Corporation
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| area_rural_footnotes = 
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| area_note =
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| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 108
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_total = 358,283
| population_rank = [[List of cities in India by population|288th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym = Sasaramite
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=9 August 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 821115
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06184
| iso_code = IN-BR
| module =
| registration_plate = BR-24
| blank1_name = [[Indian Railways|Railway Station]]
| blank1_info = [[Sasaram Junction railway station|Sasaram Junction]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = [[Manoj Kumar (Sasaram politician)|Manoj Kumar]] ([[Indian National Congress]])
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| leader_name1 = Kajal Kumari
| leader_title2 = Vice-Mayor
| leader_name2 = Satyavati Devi
| leader_title3 = District Magistrate
| leader_name3 = Udita Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service]]
| leader_title4 = Superintendent of Police
| leader_name4 = Roushan Kumar, [[Superintendent of Police|Indian Police Service]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.sasaramnagarnigam.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sasaram''' ({{pronunciation|Sasaram Pronounciation.ogg}}), also spelled as '''Shahasaram''' and '''Sasseram''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=J. H. |date=1874-06-01 |title=Report on Cholera in the Shahabad District |journal=The Indian Medical Gazette |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=146–147 |issn=0019-5863 |pmc=5128170 |pmid=28995022}}</ref> is a historical city and a [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] region in the [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar|Bihar state]] in [[East India|eastern India]].

The city served as the capital of the [[Sur Empire|Sur dynasty]] during [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s rule over India in the 16th century, and was residence place sub capital of epic monarch [[Sahasrabahu|Sahastrabahu]] (Kartivirya Arjuna).

Sasaram and the [[Kaimur Range]] contain waterfalls, lakes, rivers and picturesque locations as described by the [[Ain-i-Akbari|Ain-I-Akbari]]. Over 200 waterfalls emerge during the rainy season.

Modern Sasaram city covers the largest sub-metropolitan area of Bihar. Its attractions to visit include the [[Tomb of Sher Shah Suri]] (included in [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Centre – ''Tentative list''),<ref>{{cite web |title=Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6056/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131142/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6056/ |archive-date=17 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> [[Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri]], [[Rohtas Fort, India|Rohtasgarh Fort]], [[Shergarh Fort]], [[Manjhar Kund]], Kashish waterfall, Karmchat Dam, Salim khan makbara, Tutla Bhawani Mandir, Narayni Devi Mandir, [[Dhua Kund]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 BEST Places to Visit in Sasaram - UPDATED 2023 (with Photos & Reviews) |url=https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attractions-g1985450-Activities-Sasaram_Rohtas_District_Bihar.html |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Tripadvisor |language=en}}</ref>

Sasaram city is located in the middle of its other sub-towns like [[Nokha, Rohtas|Nokha]] & [[Kudra]], which have a large number of agriculture based industries, and the city is also emerging as an educational hub. It is situated in the middle of other industrial twin towns like [[Dehri|Dehri-on-sone]], [[Dalmianagar]], [[Sonnagar]], Amjhor, Nokha and [[Banjari, Bihar|Banjari]].

The Sasaram city region is the administrative headquarters of Rohtas district. It was carved out from [[Shahabad district]] in 1972. This district headquarters is best known for having the highest literacy rate<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Solved] Which district of Bihar has the highest literacy rate? |url=https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-district-of-bihar-has-the-highest-literacy-r--61e583e639ed498f7368dcf9 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Testbook}}</ref> and highest agricultural & forest cover area of Bihar. Sasaram is also the headquarters of a [[community development block]] of the same name, with a total population of 358,283 as of 2011, making it the most populous block in Rohtas district.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=33, 41–70, 988–1059, 1191–1192|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>

Major languages spoken in this region are [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi]], English and [[Urdu]]; religions of the population include [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]], [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Sikhism]], and [[Jainism]].

==History==
During the [[Vedic period|Vedic age]], Sasaram was a part of the ancient [[Kāsī (kingdom)|Kashi kingdom]]. Sasaram's name derives from ''Sahastrarama'', meaning "one thousand groves". Sasaram was once also named '''Shah Sarai''' (meaning "Place of the King"), as it is the birthplace of the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] king [[Sher Shah Suri]], who ruled over [[Delhi]], much of northern India, present-day Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years as the [[Sur Empire]], after defeating the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Humayun]]. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and later the British Raj, including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from [[Kabul]] to [[Bengal]], also called the [[Grand Trunk Road]].

Sher Shah Suri's {{convert|122|ft|adj=on}} [[sandstone|red sandstone]] [[Tomb of Sher Shah Suri|tomb]], built in the [[Mughal architecture|Indo-Afghan style]], stands in the middle of an artificial lake in Sasaram. It borrows heavily from the [[Lodi dynasty|Lodhi]] style, and was once covered in blue and yellow glazed tiles, indicating an Iranian influence. The massive free-standing dome also has an aesthetic aspect of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[stupa]] style of the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] period. The tomb of Sher Shah's father, Hasan Khan Suri, is also at Sasaram, and stands in the middle of a green field at Sherganj, which is known as Sukha Rauza. About a kilometre to the north west of Sher Shah's tomb lies the incomplete and dilapidated tomb of his son and successor, [[Islam Shah Suri]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanatani|first1=Rohit Priyadarshi|title=The Tomb of Salim Shah Suri (Islam Shah): The glory that never was.|url=http://thespeakingarch.com/islam_shah_tomb/|website=The Speaking Arch|access-date=27 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144031/http://thespeakingarch.com/islam_shah_tomb/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Sasaram also has a ''Baulia'', a pool used by the emperor's consorts for bathing.

The fort of Sher Shah Suri at [[Rohtasgarh]] is in Sasaram. This fort has a history dating back to the 7th century CE. It was built by Raja [[Harishchandra]], known for his truthfulness in the name of his son [[Rohitashva|Rohitashwa]]. It houses the Churasan temple, [[Ganesh]] temple, Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-e-Aam, and various other structures dating back to different centuries. The fort also served as the headquarters of [[Raja Man Singh]] during his reign as the governor of Bihar and Bengal under the regime of [[Akbar]]. The Rohtas Fort in Bihar should not be confused with [[Rohtas Fort|another fort of the same name]], near [[Jhelum]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], in present-day [[Pakistan]]. The Rohtas Fort in Sasaram was also built by Sher Shah Suri, during the period when [[Humayun]] was exiled from Hindustan.

There is a [[Maa Tara Chandi Temple|temple of Goddess Tarachandi]], two miles to the south, and an inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shilpa |date=7 December 2018 |title=Maa Tara Chandi Temple, Bihar |url=https://www.bharattemples.com/maa-tara-chandi-temple-bihar/ |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=Bharat Temples |language=en-US}}</ref> Hindus in large number assemble to worship the goddess. [[Dhua Kund]], a notable waterfall, is located about {{cvt|15|km}} from the city.

Rohtas, south of Sasaram, is known to have been the residence of one Satyawadi Raja Harischandra, named for his son, [[Rohitashva|Rohitashwa]].

===Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka===
Sasaram is also famous for an inscription by [[Ashoka]] (one of the thirteen [[Minor Rock Edicts]]), situated in a small cave of Kaimur hill, near Chandan Shaheed.

The edict is located near the top of the terminal spur of the [[Kimur Range]] near Sasaram.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho000001003u00476000.html|title=BLO|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029161630/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/v/019pho000001003u00476000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is the Minor rock edict #1 only.<ref name="Chak">India: An Archaeological History: Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Historic ... by Dilip K. Chakrabarty [https://books.google.com/books?id=wPQtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT395 p.395]</ref> Ashoka famously mentions pre-existing stone pillars in the Edict: ''"...And where there are stone pillars here in my dominion, there also cause it to be engraved."''. 

{{Blockquote
|[[File:Sahasram_Edict_of_Ashoka.jpg|thumb|400px|The Sasaram Edict ([[Minor Rock Edict]] No.1 only).]]
# Devanampriya [speaks] thus.
# .................. years since I am a lay-worshipper ([[upasaka]]).
# But (I had) not been very zealous.
# A year and somewhat more (has passed) since ............
# And men in [[Jambudvipa]], being during that time unmingled with the gods, have (now) been made (by me) mingled with the gods.
# [For] this is the fruit [of zeal].
# ...........cannot be reached by (persons of) high rank alone, (but) even a lowly (person) is able to attain even the great heaven if he is zealous.
# Now, for the following purpose (has) this proclamation (been issued), (that) both the lowly and the exalted may be zealous, and (that) even (my) borderers may know (it), and (that this) zeal may be of long duration,
# And this matter will (be made by me to) progress, and will (be made to) progress even considerably; it will (be made to) progress to one and a half, to at least one and a half.
# And this proclamation (was issued by me) on tour.
# Two hundred and fifty-six nights (had then been) spent on tour, — (in figures) 256.
# And cause ye this matter to be engraved on rocks.
# And where there are stone pillars here (in my dominions), there also cause (it) to be engraved.
|Sasaram Edict (Translated in Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch)<ref>{{cite book |title=Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch |date=1925 |page=171 |url=https://archive.org/stream/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/HultzschCorpusAsokaSearchable#page/n345/mode/2up |language=sa}}</ref>}}

<gallery>
File:Terminal_spur_of_the_Kimur_Range,_near_the_top_of_which_is_the_Sasaram_Asoka_Edict.jpg|The Edict is located on top of the terminal spur of the Kimur range.
File:Jambudiipasi.jpg|The name ''[[Jambudvipa|Jambudīpasi]]'' for "India" ([[Brahmi script]]) in the [[Sahasram]] Minor Rock Edict of [[Ashoka]], circa 250 BCE.<ref name=Hultzsch>{{cite book |title=Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch |date=1925 |pages=169–171 |url=https://archive.org/stream/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/HultzschCorpusAsokaSearchable#page/n345 |language=sa}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lahiri |first1=Nayanjot |title=Ashoka in Ancient India |date=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674057777 |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ_XCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |language=en}}</ref>
File:Sahasram_rock_inscription.jpg|Transcription of the Edict.
File:Ashoka Brahmi numerals 256.jpg|The number "256" towards the end of the Edict.
</gallery>[[File:Mausoleum of Sher Shah 5.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mausoleum of Sher Shah]]
[[File:Hasan Shah Tomb 4.jpg|thumb|250 px|[[Tomb of Hasan Khan Suri]]]]
[[File:Islam Khan Tomb, Sasaram.jpg|thumb|250 px|Tomb of [[Islam Shah Suri]]]]

==Geography==
Sasaram is located at {{Coord|24.95|N|84.03|E|}} and occupies an area of about {{Convert|15|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Sasaram.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311123338/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Sasaram.html|url-status=dead|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sasaram, India|archivedate=11 March 2008|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|110|m}}. Plateau region of [[Kaimur Range]] near Sasaram have average elevation of {{convert|210|m}}.

===Climate===
Sasaram is surrounded by hills from two sides, its climate is seasonable. The climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] sub-type for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]" (humid subtropical).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=595661&cityname=Sasaram,+Bihar,+India&units=metric|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117070401/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=595661&cityname=Sasaram%2C+Bihar%2C+India&units=metric|url-status=dead|title=Sasaram, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|archivedate=17 January 2018|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Sasaram, India
|width=auto
|single line = yes
|metric first = yes
|Jan high C = 23.8
|Feb high C = 26.7
|Mar high C = 32.7
|Apr high C = 38.0
|May high C = 40.9
|Jun high C = 38.5
|Jul high C = 33.2
|Aug high C = 32.0
|Sep high C = 32.4
|Oct high C = 31.8
|Nov high C = 28.1
|Dec high C = 24.1

|Jan low C = 8.8
|Feb low C = 11.1
|Mar low C = 15.8
|Apr low C = 21.2
|May low C = 25.5
|Jun low C = 27.0
|Jul low C = 25.3
|Aug low C = 24.8
|Sep low C = 23.9
|Oct low C = 20.0
|Nov low C = 13.3
|Dec low C = 8.9

|Jan rain mm = 19.2
|Feb rain mm = 21.2
|Mar rain mm = 14.3
|Apr rain mm = 7.6
|May rain mm = 12.2
|Jun rain mm = 120.9
|Jul rain mm = 297.5
|Aug rain mm = 326.2
|Sep rain mm = 181.5
|Oct rain mm = 50.9
|Nov rain mm = 10.2
|Dec rain mm = 3.6

|Jan rain days = 1.5
|Feb rain days = 1.8
|Mar rain days = 1.5
|Apr rain days = 1.0
|May rain days = 1.4
|Jun rain days = 5.9
|Jul rain days = 14.3
|Aug rain days = 14.3
|Sep rain days = 8.9
|Oct rain days = 2.8
|Nov rain days = 0.5
|Dec rain days = 0.8

|Jan mean C = 16.2
|Feb mean C = 18.9
|Mar mean C = 24.2
|Apr mean C = 29.6
|May mean C = 33.2
|Jun mean C = 32.8
|Jul mean C = 29.2
|Aug mean C = 28.4
|Sep mean C = 28.2
|Oct mean C = 25.9
|Nov mean C = 20.7
|Dec mean C = 16.5

|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=595661&cityname=Sasaram-Bihar-India
|publisher = weatherbase
|title = Sasaram, India — Monthly Weather Averages Summary
|access-date = 16 January 2018
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180117070456/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=595661&cityname=Sasaram-Bihar-India
|archive-date = 17 January 2018
}}
</ref>
|date=July 2013
}}

==Demographics==

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Sasaram had a population of 351,408 but in urban agglomeration. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sasaram has an average literacy rate of 80.26%, higher than the national average of 74%; male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 75%. In Sasaram, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/178-sasaram.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405015041/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/178-sasaram.html|url-status=dead|title=Sasaram City Population 2023 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population|archivedate=5 April 2016|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=December 2023}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions Sasaram City (2020
)
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|72.97}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|25.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.25}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|0.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|yellow|0.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|grey|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.25}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

Sasaram is the [[List of cities in Bihar by population|8th most populous city]] in Bihar.
{{See also|List of cities in Bihar}}

==Governance==
[[File:vasudha2.gif|thumb|right|The eKiosk (Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar)]]
SAHAJ Vasudha Kendra, the first "Common Service Centre", or "eKiosk", in Rohtas District was inaugurated in [[Jamuhar]] village on 15 August 2008. The centre is currently planning to start a block information Centre, e-district plan, and Sawan Sasaram.

===Lok Sabha constituency===

[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]] is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|constituencies]] in Bihar. [[Manoj Kumar (Sasaram politician)]] serves as a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] (MP) representing Sasaram in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Election Commission of India | url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0434.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604113426/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0434.htm | access-date=2025-01-17 | archive-date=2024-06-04}}</ref>

===Vidhan Sabha constituency===
[[Sasaram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]] is one of 243 constituencies of the [[Legislative Assembly of Bihar]]. It comes under Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/sasaram.html |title=Sasaram (Bihar) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019, 2014, 2009 -Sasaram Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |access-date=31 December 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051814/http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/sasaram.html |archive-date=31 December 2017 }}</ref>

==Economy==

The closure of the industries of the [[Dalmia Group]] at [[Dalmianagar]] resulted in widespread unemployment. Sasaram's economy is mainly driven by [[agriculture]] and related industries like [[rice polishing]]. The canal irrigation system is also very prominent in this area. Because of the fertile land around the town, it is a local trading center for food grains, agricultural products, and agricultural equipment, the region is known as Dhan Ka Katora, meaning "a bowl of food grains". The rice grown near Sasaram is sold in the markets of [[Kolkata]] and [[New Delhi]]. The only significant industry is rock [[quarry]]ing.

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[File:Railway Station Sasaram.jpg|thumb|[[Sasaram Junction railway station|Sasaram station]]]]
[[Sasaram Junction railway station|Sasaram Junction station]], a major railway station, serves Sasaram. Sasaram's other stations are Shivsagar, Kumahu, Nokha, Karwandiya, Pahleja and [[Dehri-on-Sone railway station|Dehri on Sone]].

Sasaram station is {{Convert|101|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar Junction railway station|Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhaya]] station (less than 1.5 hours) and about {{cvt|120|km}}, or two hours journey from [[Varanasi]], and {{cvt|101|km}} from [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] station. [[Gaya Junction railway station|Gaya station]] is {{cvt|20|km}} away from [[Bodh Gaya]], the most sacred place in [[Buddhism]]. Trains run from Sasaram to [[Kolkata]], [[Arrah]], [[Ranchi]], [[Patna]], [[New Delhi]], and [[Bikramganj]].

The trains which stop in Sasaram include [[Ajmer–Sealdah Express|Ajmer Seldah]], [[Kalka Mail]], [[Purushottam Express]], [[Mahabodhi Express]], Ranchi Garib Rath, [[Kolkata Mail]], [[Howrah Jodhpur Express|Jodhpur Howrah Express]], [[Chambal Express]], [[Shipra Express]], Chennai Egmore Express, [[Nandan Kanan Express]], [[Neelachal Express|Neelanchal Express]] and [[Poorva Express]], [[Jallianwalla Bagh Express|Jallianwalabagh Express]], [[Durgiana Express|Durigana Express]], [[Garbha Express]], Dikshabhoomi Express and New Delhi-Bhagalpur Express, etc.

===Airport===
Suara Airfield, a small and old airport in Sasaram, is currently non-operational. The closest major airports are in [[Gaya (India)|Gaya, Bihar]] (98 kilometers away), [[Patna|Patna, Bihar]] (157 kilometers away), and [[Varanasi|Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh]] (120 kilometers away)

==Education==
Sasaram is the sixth most literate city in Bihar, with Rohtas being the most literate district in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sawansasaram.ml/ |title=SAWAN SASARAM |access-date=30 April 2017 |archive-date=8 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708021812/http://sawansasaram.ml/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Census |first=India |date=16 August 2022 |title=literacy rate in Bihar (2022), including the literacy rate of all districts in Bihar. |url=https://www.indiacensus.net/states/bihar/literacy |access-date=16 August 2022 |website=IndiaCensus.net}}</ref>

There are four government colleges, although many students prefer to go to more developed cities for quality education, such as [[Bangalore]], [[New Delhi]], [[Pune]], [[Patna]], [[Varanasi]] and [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], for higher education. A new engineering college has been set up in the region.

This place is also known for preparation of competitive exams at [[Sasaram Junction railway station|Sasaram Railway junction]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/station-students-get-a-platform/cid/1380982 | title=Station students get a platform}}</ref> According to earlier natives of this city, there was not proper electrification of city around 2007 to 2008, which hampered the studies of students seeking for competitive exams. [[Indian Railways]] had a 24-hour power supply at Sasaram junction, leading a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights.

===Universities===
* [[Gopal Narayan Singh University]],<ref name="gnsu.org">{{Cite web|url=https://gnsu.org/|title=Welcome to GNS University, Sasaram, Bihar|website=gnsu.org}}</ref>
* [[Veer Kunwar Singh University]]<ref name="gnsu.org" />

===Medical colleges===
* [[Narayan Medical College and Hospital]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://narayanmedicalcollege.org |title=Welcome to Narayan Medical College & Hospital! |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726110150/http://narayanmedicalcollege.org/ |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>
* Mahatma Phule Medical College and Hospital, Muradabad, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/sasaram/news/mahatma-phule-medical-college-and-hospital-is-continuously-engaged-in-public-service-091032-4315911.html | title=जनमानस की सेवा में निरंतर लगा हुआ है महात्मा फुले मेडिकल कॉलेज एवं हॉस्पिटल| date=11 April 2019}}</ref>
* Sher Shah Suri Medical Hospital & Training college, Sasaram

===Engineering colleges===
* [[Shershah Engineering College]]

===Government colleges===
* Shanti Prasad Jain College, Sasaram [a facilitation branch of [[Veer Kunwar Singh University]], [[Arrah]]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spjainsasaram.co.in|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517223736/https://www.spjainsasaram.co.in/|url-status=dead |title=S P Jain College, Sasaram|archivedate=May 17, 2018|website=www.spjainsasaram.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vksu.ac.in/new/ |title=Veer Kunwar Singh University – वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय, आरा बिहार – 802301 |date=31 March 2018 |access-date=17 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518054420/http://vksu.ac.in/new/ |archive-date=18 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/varsity-branch-boon-for-pupils-229995 |title=Varsity branch boon for pupils |access-date=23 May 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605082939/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/varsity-branch-boon-for-pupils-229995 |archive-date=5 June 2018 }}</ref>
* Shri Shankar College, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sscollegesasaram.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325210330/http://sscollegesasaram.org/|url-status=dead|title=sscollegesasaram.org|date=19 October 2023|archivedate=25 March 2018}}</ref>
* Sher Shah College, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://shershahcollege.co.in/ | title=Sher Shah College, Sasaram – [ A constituent unit of Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara, Bihar ]}}</ref>
* Rohtas Mahila College, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmcsasaram.org/index.action |title=Brief Introduction |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108151748/http://www.rmcsasaram.org/index.action |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Other colleges===
* Hari Narain Singh Institute of Teachers Education (HNSITE)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hnsite.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325043831/http://hnsite.org/|url-status=dead|title=Hnsite – Hnsite.net No.1 Portal Provide basic study materials For Class 5th to 12th|archivedate=25 March 2018}}</ref>
* Sri Shankar Rajkiya Inter College<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biharstory.in/2012/02/veer-kunwar-singh-university-vksu.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605082939/https://biharstory.in/2012/02/veer-kunwar-singh-university-vksu.html|url-status=dead|title=Veer Kunwar Singh University (VKSU)|archivedate=5 June 2018}}</ref>
* Government Polytechnic, Dehri, Sasaram
* Jagannath Mishra Law College, Sasaram

===Major schools===
* PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web |title=पीएम श्री केन्द्रीय विद्यालय सासाराम {{!}} भारत |url=https://sasaram.kvs.ac.in/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=hi-IN}}</ref>
* St. Michael's Academy School, Chandravanshi Nagar, Fazalganj, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.stma.in/ |title = St.Michael's Academy Sasaram}}</ref>
* M. P. High School, Adda Road, Sasaram
* Rama Rani Jain Girls High School, Choukhandi Road, Sasaram
* Bal Vikas Vidyalaya, Tomb Road, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://bvvsasaram.in/m_school.aspx |title = Bal Vikas Vidyalaya}}</ref>
* Bal Bharti Public School, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/bal-bharti-public-school-sasaram-rohtas-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/ | title=Bal Bharti Public School - Sasaram, Rohtas - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory}}</ref>
* D.A.V. Public school, Admapur, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://davsasaram.com/ |title = Dav Public School}}</ref>
* St. Paul's School, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.stpaulsschool.co.in/ |title = St Paul's School Sasaram}}</ref>
* St. Xavier's School, Jagdev Nagar, Nooran Ganj, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/rohtas/10320129103/st-xavier's-school.html |title = St. Xavier's School - Ward No-34, District Rohtas (Bihar)}}</ref>
* G.S. Residential School, Malwar Road, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://gsrschool.com/index.html | title=G.S Residential School | access-date=8 November 2019 | archive-date=11 May 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511024127/http://gsrschool.com/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* St. Jeelani's Public School, Shahjuma, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/rohtas/10320127302/saint-jeelani-s-school.html | title=Saint Jeelani S School - Ward No-16, District Rohtas (Bihar)}}</ref>
* Pragya Niketan Public School, Falzalganj, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pnpschool.edu.in/ |title=Pragya Niketan Public School Sasaram |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-date=26 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126060241/http://www.pnpschool.edu.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Buddha Mission School, Nooranganj, Bauliya Road, Sasaram Rohtas Bihar
* ABR Foundation School, Baijla More, Sasaram<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABR FOUNDATION SCHOOL – Sasaram (Rohtas) Bihar |url=https://www.abrfoundationschool.org/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Villages ==
Besides the city of Sasaram itself, there are 171 villages in Sasaram block, of which 144 are inhabited and 27 are uninhabited. As of 2011, the total rural population of Sasaram block is 210,875, in 34,336 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| Dhanarhi || 75.3 || 745
|-
| Fatehpur || 55.1 || 186
|-
| Danwarua || 47 || 0
|-
| Patanwan || 116.6 || 454
|-
| Mosahebpur || 81.4 || 879
|-
| Rasulpur || 87.7 || 804
|-
| Bhikhanpura || 132 || 0
|-
| Samarodiha || 323.3 || 1,995
|-
| Chaukhanda Chitauli || 140.4 || 1,408
|-
| Shivpur Chitauli || 44.9 || 1,146
|-
| Turki || 69.6 || 2,113
|-
| Lodhi || 48.6 || 395
|-
| Barawan || 60.6 || 820
|-
| Uttimpur Haraha || 33 || 0
|-
| Belthua || 60.8 || 487
|-
| Banrasia || 55.4 || 2,585
|-
| Belarhi || 160.3 || 2,886
|-
| Singuhi || 108.1 || 1,653
|-
| Patanwan || 38 || 0
|-
| Kataprath || 27 || 0
|-
| Naugain || 82.1 || 548
|-
| Khairi || 105.3 || 437
|-
| Khaira || 112.6 || 1,421
|-
| Niranjanpur || 17 || 400
|-
| Bishunpura || 54.7 || 0
|-
| Mahranian || 20.6 || 652
|-
| Bhadokhara || 186.2 || 2,988
|-
| Belahar || 76.4 || 1,199
|-
| Sikaria || 1,171.9 || 4,934
|-
| Kota || 206.4 || 2,303
|-
| Rajokhar || 118.3 || 0
|-
| Ashikpur || 37 || 0
|-
| Hetimpur || 12 || 653
|-
| Karpurwa || 35.7 || 2,709
|-
| Bhatarhi || 71.2 || 839
|-
| Beda || 69.2 || 1,852
|-
| Kanserwa || 72.2 || 0
|-
| Lakhrawan || 8.8 || 0
|-
| Mohaddi Ganj || 44.1 || 3,240
|-
| Dhanpurwa || 20.4 || 1,340
|-
| Dilia || 33.8 || 0
|-
| Mirzapur || 3 || 0
|-
| Udhopur || 43.7 || 136
|-
| Madaini || 254.9 || 815
|-
| Sumbha || 70.8 || 745
|-
| Ahrawan || 128.7 || 705
|-
| Misripur || 56.7 || 532
|-
| Madauria || 50 || 161
|-
| Dhunan || 67.2 || 708
|-
| Karam Dihri || 146.9 || 1,371
|-
| Tetari || 91.1 || 709
|-
| Haripur || 24.7 || 53
|-
| Kuraich || 35 || 1,598
|-
| Takia || 8.7 || 5
|-
| Muradabad Kalan || 144.8 || 4,291
|-
| Muradabad Khurd || 154.2 || 2,310
|-
| Uchitpur || 174 || 3,794
|-
| Nekara || 140.8 || 2,056
|-
| Neae || 131.1 || 1,644
|-
| Baradih || 121.8 || 3,202
|-
| Nimia || 102.4 || 792
|-
| Kothara || 156.2 || 929
|-
| Bhagwanpur || 93.9 || 626
|-
| Semra || 80.1 || 617
|-
| Bajila || 104.8 || 1,112
|-
| Gamharia || 67.2 || 707
|-
| [[Mokar, Rohtas|Mokar]] || 372.7 || 3,409
|-
| Agrer || 263.8 || 3,774
|-
| Rakasia || 124.2 || 1,867
|-
| Jhalkhoria || 50.2 || 779
|-
| Akasi || 391.8 || 4,145
|-
| Kunrwa || 106.4 || 1,064
|-
| Pipri || 137.2 || 945
|-
| Katdehri || 199.8 || 1,137
|-
| Gotpa || 228.3 || 1,961
|-
| Maudiha || 85.4 || 1,010
|-
| Kharaunia || 101.6 || 756
|-
| Sumbha || 178.4 || 830
|-
| Garara || 206.8 || 2,461
|-
| Rudana || 106.8 || 1,020
|-
| Rajekarma || 49.4 || 0
|-
| Babhanpurwa || 46.1 || 465
|-
| Gobina || 89 || 1,039
|-
| Karup || 117.3 || 1,636
|-
| Dilia || 62.3 || 856
|-
| Lok Dehri || 62.8 || 686
|-
| Inaihia || 57.9 || 546
|-
| Bhainsahi || 172.8 || 1,041
|-
| Bishunpura || 76.1 || 696
|-
| Bhajea || 103 || 0
|-
| Jaipur || 139.2 || 1,359
|-
| Nirmalpur || 38 || 302
|-
| Nirmalpur || 72.8 || 0
|-
| Rampur || 287 || 2,895
|-
| Semra || 148 || 186
|-
| Bahrar || 143 || 1,355
|-
| Khanra || 81.4 || 588
|-
| Patia || 118 || 1,476
|-
| Dumaria || 86 || 1,301
|-
| Kaupa Dih || 89 || 624
|-
| Bajinathpur || 39 || 0
|-
| Gansa Dih || 170 || 2,695
|-
| Chhotka Mor || 76.4 || 1,191
|-
| Barka Mor || 201 || 1,439
|-
| Pasia Dih || 35 || 433
|-
| Bara Dih || 121 || 418
|-
| Basuhara || 89 || 683
|-
| Nahauna || 288 || 3,208
|-
| Bhorman || 64 || 429
|-
| Koiria Dih || 36 || 0
|-
| Paisara || 107 || 890
|-
| Tiwari Dih || 36 || 314
|-
| Bhurekunria || 18 || 341
|-
| Belwa || 101 || 675
|-
| Khurhunu || 178 || 1,684
|-
| Jigina || 178 || 754
|-
| Tendua || 101 || 1,150
|-
| Bararhi || 134 || 1,507
|-
| Shahpur || 90 || 1,099
|-
| Bishunpur || 62 || 858
|-
| Chaubea || 57 || 584
|-
| Bisrampur || 138 || 1,907
|-
| Karwania || 131 || 3,446
|-
| Basa || 101.1 || 2,683
|-
| Jagdaun Dih || 48.6 || 400
|-
| Durgapur || 87.9 || 1,057
|-
| Amra, Sasaram || 205.6 || 4,944
|-
| Amri, Sasaram || 197.4 || 5,527
|-
| Dawanpur || 238.4 || 2,544
|-
| Karma || 136 || 538
|-
| Nima || 68.4 || 580
|-
| Ghatmapur || 75.6 || 821
|-
| Basantpur || 164.8 || 1,084
|-
| Admapur || 213.7 || 1,746
|-
| Gaeghat || 209 || 1,481
|-
| Fazilpur || 123 || 334
|-
| Gajdwahi || 327.8 || 2,678
|-
| Kanchanpur || 480 || 2,865
|-
| Kurdaun || 322 || 711
|-
| Dhankarha || 113.3 || 2,696
|-
| Lerua || 100.8 || 2,984
|-
| Mednipur || 146.9 || 2,084
|-
| Dhaudanr || 1,125.4 || 5,816
|-
| Mahua Dihra || 2,713 || 0
|-
| Jawarh || 662.1 || 0
|-
| Palangarh || 580.3 || 0
|-
| Kauria || 85 || 0
|-
| Tendua || 202.7 || 702
|-
| Murhi || 120.1 || 2,071
|-
| Karserua || 269.1 || 2,309
|-
| Gharbair || 269.9 || 1,344
|-
| Barui || 265 || 1,238
|-
| Songawan || 288.6 || 2,188
|-
| Mundi Sarae || 121 || 0
|-
| Molawan || 273.1 || 2,638
|-
| Sakas || 156.6 || 1,014
|-
| Dhanpurwa || 45.4 || 298
|-
| Kusri || 127.1 || 1,417
|-
| Dubaulia || 25.9 || 0
|-
| Khairi || 35.2 || 72
|-
| Babura || 45 || 707
|-
| Khaira || 115 || 831
|-
| Bichhia || 25 || 0
|-
| Darigawan || 362 || 5,964
|-
| Agni || 133 || 626
|-
| Jamahath || 135 || 680
|-
| Karaunia || 316 || 0
|-
| Tikra || 195 || 0
|-
| Ramgaraha || 1,168 || 0
|-
| Goria || 4,072 || 316
|-
| shiwan ||312 ||3023
|}

==Notable people==
* [[Sher Shah Suri]], Emperor of India, conquered the [[Mughal Empire]], defeating [[Mughal emperors|2nd Mughal emperor]] [[Humayun]].
* [[Chhedi Paswan]], former Member of Parliament, ex-MLA
* [[Sanjay Nirupam]],Ex-[[Member of Parliament]] [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]], Ex-[[Member of Parliament]],[[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Murari Prasad Gautam]], Ex-Minister in [[Eighth Nitish Kumar ministry|Eighth Nitish ministry]]
* [[Vijay Kumar (molecular biologist)|Vijay Kumar]], Renowned biologist
* [[Akash Deep]], Indian cricketer, a squad member of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] in [[Indian Premier League]].
* [[Kavi Kumar Azad]], famous for his role in TV serial [[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]] as Dr. Hansraj Hathi
* [[Jyoti Prakash Nirala]], recipient of [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashok Chakra]] posthumously in 2018

==See also==
* [[Shergarh Fort]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sasaram}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline}}

{{Rohtas district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Rohtas district]]

Datauli, Firozabad

2026-02-13T07:49:54Z

AhmadFosbery49: new a article...

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{distinguish|Datauli, Raebareli}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Datauli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Datauli.png
| map_caption = Map showing Datauli in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.02172|N|78.51171|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5.630
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3452
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 322803
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Datauli''' is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 3,452, in 541 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Datauli had a population of 3,452, in 541 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|126}} This population was 52.5% male (1,813) and 47.5% female (1,639). The 0–6 age group numbered 521 (281 male and 240 female), making up 15.1% of the total population. 99 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 2.9% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|116-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Datauli (as "Datawali") as having a population of 2,545 people (1,390 male and 1,155 female), in 411 households and 408 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|196-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Datauli as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 1,911 people (974 male and 937 female), in 360 households and 315 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 1,494 acres and it had a post office at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Datauli had 1 primary school and 1 primary healthcare centre. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|126-31}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

A Golden Age

2026-02-05T17:07:06Z

AhmadFosbery49: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Novel by Tahmima Anam}}
{{about||other novels|Golden Age (disambiguation)#Literature}}
{{Infobox book
| name = A Golden Age
| orig title =
| translator =
| image = File:Hardcover copy of A Golden Age.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Tahmima Anam]]
| cover_artist =
| country = [[United Kingdom]]
| language = English
| series =
| genre = [[Historical novel]], [[War novel]]
| publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] (UK)
| release_date = March 2007 (UK)
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]])
| pages =
| isbn = 0-7195-6010-1
| oclc = 181926640
| preceded_by =
| followed_by = [[The Good Muslim]]
}}
'''''A Golden Age''''' is the first novel of the [[Bangladesh]]-born writer [[Tahmima Anam]].<ref name=":8">{{cite book|title=A golden age : a novel|last=Anam|first=Tahmima|date=2009|publisher=Harper Perennial|isbn=978-0061478758|location=New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/goldenage00tahm}}</ref> It tells the story of the [[Bangladesh War of Liberation]] through the eyes of one family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2008/03/review-tahmima-anams-golden-age.html|title=Review: Tahmima Anam's ''A Golden Age''|last=Singh|first=Amardeep|website=Lehigh University|type=Blog|access-date=2015-07-22}}</ref> The novel was awarded the prize for Best First Book in the [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] 2008. It was also shortlisted for the 2007 [[Guardian First Book Award]]. The first chapter of the novel appeared in the January 2007 edition of ''[[Granta]]'' magazine.

In 2022, the novel was included on the "[[Big Jubilee Read]]" list of 70 books by [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] authors, selected to celebrate the [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign|title=The Big Jubilee Read: A literary celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's record-breaking reign|website=BBC|date=17 April 2022|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
This historical fiction novel centers the point of view of Rehana Haque, a widowed mother who struggles through [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] as both her children become increasingly involved with the war efforts.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=A Golden Age|last=Anam|first=Tahmima|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7195-6010-1|location=United Kingdom}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Women and War: Negotiating the Interstital Spaces Between Gender and Nation in Tahmima Anam's "A Golden Age"|last=Snider|first=Cynthia|year=2010|pages=Chapter 5}}</ref> The book starts with the death of Rehana's husband and losing then regaining the custody of her children, and then fast forwards to the start of the war where Rehana struggles again to hold on to her children.<ref name=":2" /> Rehana struggles with understanding passionate [[nationalism]] of her children and finding her own personal identity outside of being a mother and where her sense of nationalism fits into that identity. The book ends [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|16 December 1971]], the day that the treaty is signed and Bangladesh gained their independence.<ref name=":8" />

== Main characters ==

* ''Rehana Haque'': Main character; Widow and mother. She grew up in [[Calcutta]], India in poverty after her father, an Indian aristocratic lost their fortune from bad luck and worse advice. She moves to East Pakistan after the marriage to Iqbal Haque. Her native tongue is Urdu.<ref name=":8" />
* ''Sohail'': Rehana's son, university student, joins the [[Mukti Bahini]] as a guerilla fighter.<ref name=":2" />
* ''Maya'': Rehana's daughter, university student, moves to [[Kolkata]] to be a journalist for the freedom fighters.<ref name=":2" />
* ''Mrs. Chowdhury'': Rehana's friend and neighbor<ref name=":8" />
* ''Silvi'': Mrs. Chowdhury's daughter and a love interest of Sohail's<ref name=":8" />
* ''Sharmeen'': Maya's Friend who was captured by the Pakistan army and kept at the cantonment in Dhaka and [[Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War|raped]] repeatedly. She and her unborn child died in the hospital.<ref name=":2" />
* ''Iqbal Haque'': Rehana's dead husband
* ''The Major'': Guerrilla commander, injured in secret operation and brought to Rehana's house to be nursed back to health by Rehana and then becomes Rehana's love interest.<ref name=":2" />
* ''Sabeer'': Silvi's fiancé, Pakistan soldier turned freedom fighter for Bengali<ref name=":2" />
* ''Mr and Mrs. Sengupta'': Rehana's Hindu tenants at Shona<ref name=":2" />
* ''Mrs.Rahman and Mrs.Akram'': Rehana's neighbours and fellow 'sewing sisters'<ref name=":2" />
* ''Faiz Haque'' : Rehana's brother in law, Works with the Pakistan army.<ref name=":2" />
* ''Parveen Haque'' : Faiz's wife. She cannot have children so works to have Rehana seen as unfit after the death of Iqbal so that she have get custody of Sohail and Maya.<ref name=":2" />

== Background ==

=== Inspiration ===
The author [[Tahmima Anam]] was born in Bangladesh, but grew up traveling around the world due to the work of her father, [[Mahfuz Anam]], who is the editor of ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/26/books.booksnews1|title=New fiction star taps Bangladeshi roots|last1=Thorpe|first1=Vanessa|date=26 November 2006|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-16|last2=Haider|first2=Mahtab|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

The author was inspired by her family's personal experience of their role in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh Independence war]]. She grew up listening to the stories of her grandmother harboring freedom fighters and hiding guns and weapons in the family garden.<ref name=":3" />

This led the author to be inspired to write about everyday citizens' war experience and small, but meaningful ways they can become revolutionaries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=18004188|title=At Home, at War: Tahmima Anam's 'Golden Age'|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-11-27|language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical context ===
[[File:Map_India_Bhopal.png|thumb|Map of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh]]
[[Bangladesh]] was known as [[East Pakistan]] before its fight for independence from [[Pakistan]] in the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/apr/22/fiction.features|title=Review: A Golden Age by Tahmima Anam|last=Burton-Hill|first=Clemency|date=21 April 2007|work=The Guardian|access-date=2018-12-16|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

East Pakistan was formed when [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British rule ended in India]] and Pakistan was formed in 1947.<ref name=":4" /> The territories were situated on either side of [[India]] as the book phrases "a pair of horns" on either side of India.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":2" /> This large separation between the two territories led to East Pakistan to be treated like a colony.<ref name=":6">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/apr/22/fiction.features|title=And ne'er the twain shall meet|last=Burton-Hill|first=Clemency|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=2015-07-22}}</ref> The West controlled the political majority and economic distribution of both territories.<ref name=":6" /> There were also major cultural differences between the two territories. Pakistan mainly practiced [[Islam]] and spoke [[Urdu]]. Whereas East Pakistan had both Muslim and Hindu populations and spoke mainly Bengali.<ref name=":6" /> The inequality, neglect, and differences led to the unrest in East Pakistan. The call for independence from [[West Pakistan]] led to the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/125732/11/11%20chapter%205.pdf|title=Discourse of Discontent: A Study of Select Works of Tahmina Anam, Taslima Nasrin and Manjushree Thapa|website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref>

The mounting Bengali nationalist movement led to the Pakistan army to carry out [[Operation Searchlight]]. This military operation targeted Bengali intellectuals, academics including university students, and Hindus. They were captured, tortured, and/or killed.<ref name=":4" /> This led to the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]] that caused millions of refugees to flee to India and the deaths of 58,000 to 3,000,000 civilians. The exact number of deaths is still unknown.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" />

The book features the attacks on the city of [[Dhaka]] during [[Operation Searchlight]]. Rehana's children escape the attacks on [[Dhaka University]] due to an engagement party for Silvi.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":2" />

The next day 26 March 1971 the [[Mukti Bahini]] called for independence from Pakistan and establishment of the new country of Bangladesh.<ref name=":4" /> The civil war began in full force.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" />

Though the Indian military was already pumping the Bengalis against West Pakistan, the Bengali efforts bore fruit when the [[Indian Army]] intervened in December 1971 on the side of the Bengali, Pakistan gave Independence to East Pakistan on 16 December 1971, and thus Bangladesh came into being.<ref name=":7" />

== Themes ==

=== Motherhood ===
Rehana's whole adult life has centered around her children. As a young widow she fights to regain custody of her children after losing them to her late husband's brother and wife. As her children get older Rehana struggles to relate to them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestorygirlbookreviews.blogspot.com/2011/08/golden-age-by-tahmima-anam.html|title=The Story Girl: A Golden Age by Tahmima Anam|date=29 August 2011|website=The Story Girl|access-date=2018-12-17}}</ref> The struggle to relate intensifies as the tension in East Pakistan increased and then the war starts and their passion for Bengali leads to their involvement and support for the war. Rehana then must struggle to keep her children safe. She would do and sacrifice anything for her children and does by the end of the book. This affliction leads Rehana to struggle with finding her own identity outside of motherhood.<ref name=":8" />

=== Nationalism ===
Growing up with two parents that had been involved with the Bangladesh Liberation War, [[patriotism]] was important to Anam's family. This theme is reflected in the book.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tahmima-anam-trilogy-of-life-after-war-in-bangladesh|title=A Daughter of Bangladesh Revolutionaries Makes Sense of Life After War|last1=Lalwani|first1=Nikita|last2=Winter-Levy|date=20 October 2016|magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref>

Throughout the book Rehana struggles with her feelings toward Bangladesh.<ref name=":6" /> Rehana grew up in Calcutta and then left to west Pakistan after her marriage and her native tongue became Urdu, Rehana does not feel the same sense of [[nationalism]] as her children.<ref name=":8" />

Sohail and Maya were born in Dhaka and their native tongue is Bengali and have an easy loyalty to Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://middlestage.blogspot.com/2007/05/on-tahmima-anams-golden-age.html|title=The Middle Stage: On Tahmima Anam's A Golden Age|last=Chandrahas|date=5 May 2007|website=The Middle Stage|access-date=2018-12-17}}</ref> She must search within herself if she believes in the war and finding independence for Bangladesh.<ref name=":8" /> Rehana finds her nationalism within her own experiences and those she loves that have brought the idea of the nation of Bangladesh to hold significance for her.<ref name=":8" />

=== Women's experience in war ===
Rehana's story shows the often forgotten experience of women in war. Rehana must bear the deepest part of her soul to save her children. This includes giving up the man she grows to love to save her son and herself. This story reveals that while a women's role in war is different, they too do not come out untouched.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" />

== Publication ==
The book was originally published in the United Kingdom by [[Canongate Books]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/tahmima-anam|title=Tahmima Anam - Literature|website=literature.britishcouncil.org|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> and then later published in the United States by [[HarperCollins]].<ref name=":2" /> Its original release date was 8 January 2007,<ref name=":0" /> and it has been translated into 22 languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.writersvoice.net/2011/09/tahmima-anam/|title=Tahmima Anam: The Good Muslim & A Golden Age|last=Rheannon|first=Francesca|date=21 September 2011|website=Writer's Voice|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-17}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
[[Clemency Burton-Hill]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' described the book as a "stunning debut";<ref name=":6" /> David Robson from ''[[The Sunday Telegraph]]'' described its beginning as the struggle of a new author, but the story turns "into a real page-turner, with a bravura, heart-stopping ending";<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3664150/A-domestic-drama-set-during-a-civil-war.html|title=A domestic drama set during a civil war|date=2007-03-31|access-date=2018-12-16|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> and Theo Chapman from ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' called the book a "thought-provoking work and a rewarding read".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/love-conquers-against-a-background-of-war-20120721-22gba.html|title=Love conquers against a background of war|last=Chapman|first=Theo|date=21 July 2012|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2018-12-17}}</ref>

The book has, however, received some criticism for having factual inaccuracies.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/books/review/Gorra-t.html|title=Birth of a Nation|last=Gorra|first=Michael|date=27 January 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-12-16|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This includes citing the 1963 film ''[[Cleopatra (1963 film)|Cleopatra]]'' before it was released which left some critics questioning some of the liberties that Anam took with the fictional characters and telling of the story.<ref name=":5" />

== Awards ==
*Winner of the [[Commonwealth Writer's Prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] Best First Book (2008)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://canongate.co.uk/books/1273-a-golden-age/|title=A Golden Age by Tahmima Anam - Canongate Books|website=canongate.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref>
*Shortlisted for Costa First Novel Award (2007)<ref name=":1" />
*Shortlisted for [[The Guardian]] First Book Award (2007)<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
*''[[The Bones of Grace]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references group=""></references>

== External links ==
* {{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/books/article/A-widow-s-window-into-war-3298575.php|title=A Widow's Window into War|last=Villanueva|first=Marianne|date=13 January 2008|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/31/AR2008013102661.html|title=The Reluctant Revolutionary|last=Smith|first=Wendy|date=3 February 2008|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Golden Age, A}}
[[Category:2007 debut novels]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Liberation War fiction]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi books]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in 1971]]
[[Category:Historical novels]]
[[Category:John Murray (publishing house) books]]
[[Category:Novels set in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:War novels]]

2022 in India

2026-01-31T19:17:52Z

AhmadFosbery49: Stub - done

{{short description|none}}

{{Year in India|2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}

The following is a list of events for the year '''2022 in''' '''[[India]].'''
{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes|align=center}}

==Incumbents==
===National government===
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Photo
! Post
! Name
|-
|[[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|104x104px]]
[[File:Droupadi Murmu official portrait.jpg|109x109px]]
|[[President of India]]
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] (''till 25 July 2022)''
[[Droupadi Murmu]] ''(from 25 July 2022'')
|-
| [[File:Venkaiah Naidu official portrait.jpg|108x108px]]
[[File:Vice President Shri Jagdeep Dhankar official portrait.jpg|95x95px]]
| [[Vice-President of India]] and [[Rajya Sabha|Chairman of Rajya Sabha]]
| [[Venkaiah Naidu]] ''(till 11 August 2022)''
[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] ''(from 11 August 2022)''
|-
| [[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait.png|75x75px]]
| [[Prime Minister of India]]
| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| [[File:Om Birla (2021) (cropped).jpg|75x75px]]
| [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| [[Om Birla]]
|-
|
|rowspan="3"|[[Chief Justice of India]]
|[[N. V. Ramana]] ''(till 28 August 2022)''
|-
|
||[[Uday Umesh Lalit]] ''(28 August 2022 - 8 November 2022)''
|-
|
||[[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud]] ''(From 8 November 2022)''
|-
|
|[[List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India|Governor of Reserve Bank of India]]
|[[Shaktikanta Das]]
|-
|
| [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]]
| [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]]
|-
| [[File:Anil Chauhan Chief of Defence Staff (CDS).jpg|75x75px]]
| [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]]
| [[Anil Chauhan]]
|-
|
| [[Lok Sabha]]
| [[17th Lok Sabha]]
|}

=== State governments ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!State
!Governor
!Chief Minister
!Party
!Political Alliance
!Chief Justice
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Biswabhusan Harichandan]]
|[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|Regional
|[[Prashant Kumar Mishra]]
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|{{sortname|B. D.|Mishra}}
|[[Pema Khandu]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]] ([[Gauhati High Court]])
|-
|[[Assam]]
|{{sortname|Jagdish|Mukhi}}
|[[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]] ([[Gauhati High Court]])
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|[[Phagu Chauhan]]
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|U.P.A.]]
|[[Sanjay Karol]] ([[Patna High Court]])
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|{{sortname|Anusuiya|Uikey}}
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|U.P.A.]]
|[[P. R. Ramachandra Menon]]
|-
|[[Goa]]
|[[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]
|[[Pramod Sawant]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Dipankar Datta]]
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|{{sortname|Acharya Dev|Vrat}}
|[[Bhupendra Patel]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Vikram Nath]]
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|{{sortname|Bandaru |Dattatreya}}
|[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Ravi Shankar Jha]]
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|[[Rajendra Arlekar]]
|[[Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[L. Narayana Swamy]]
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
|[[Ramesh Bais]]
|[[Hemant Soren]]
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|U.P.A.]]
|[[Ravi Ranjan]]
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
|[[Basavaraj Bommai]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Ritu Raj Awasthi]]
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]
|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|Regional
|[[S. Manikumar]]
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Mangubhai C. Patel|Mangubhai Patel]]
|[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|[[BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Ravi Malimath]]
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|[[N.D.A.]]
|[[Dipankar Datta]]
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|[[La. Ganesan]]
|[[N. Biren Singh]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Ramalingam Sudhakar]]
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|{{sortname|Ganga|Prasad}}
|[[Conrad Sangma]]
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Biswanath Somadder]]
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|{{sortname|Nirbhay|Sharma}}
|[[Zoramthanga]]
|[[Mizo National Front|MNF]]
|Regional
|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]]
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|{{sortname|Jagdish|Mukhi}}
|[[Neiphiu Rio]]
|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]]
|-
|[[Odisha]]
|{{sortname|Ganeshi|Lal}}
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|Regional
|[[S. Muralidhar]]
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|[[Banwarilal Purohit]]
|[[Bhagwant Mann]]
|[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|Regional
|[[Ravi Shankar Jha]]
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|{{sortname|Kalraj|Mishra}}
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|U.P.A.]]
|[[Manindra Mohan Shrivastava]]
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|{{sortname|Shriniwas|Patil}}
|[[Prem Singh Tamang]]
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Jitendra Kumar Maheshwari]]
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|{{sortname|R. N.| Ravi}}
|[[M. K. Stalin]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|[[United Progressive Alliance|U.P.A.]]
|[[Munishwar Nath Bhandari]]
|-
|[[Telangana]]
|{{sortname|Tamilisai|Soundararajan}}
|[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
|Regional
|[[Satish Chandra Sharma]]
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|[[Ramesh Bais]]
|[[Manik Saha]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Akil Kureshi]]
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|{{sortname|Anandiben|Patel}}
|[[Yogi Adityanath]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Rajesh Bindal]]
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|[[Gurmit Singh (general)]]
|[[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[National Democratic Alliance|N.D.A.]]
|[[Raghvendra Singh Chauhan]]
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[C. V. Ananda Bose]]
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Regional
|[[Prakash Shrivastava]]
|}

== Events ==
===January===
* 1 Jan – [[Vaishno Devi Temple stampede]], Around 2:15 AM in near the Gate No. 3 of [[Vaishno Devi Temple]], due to a scuffle between two groups of [[pilgrim]]s the place becomes congested and people started suffocating. Due to the [[melee]], 12 people were crushed to death and 16 others injured.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 January 2022|first=Sanjay|last=Khajuria|title=12 pilgrims die as New Year rush sparks Vaishno Devi stampede|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/12-pilgrims-killed-in-vaishno-devi-stampede-on-new-years-day/articleshow/88639487.cms|access-date=2022-01-10|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* 4 Jan –
**[[List of chief ministers of Delhi|Chief ministers of Delhi]], [[Arvind Kejriwal]] tested positive for [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]. Netizens trolled him on Social Media as he is not wearing mask in his political rallies in [[Chandigarh]] and [[Patiala]].
** Vishal Kumar Jha (in Bengaluru) and Shweta Singh (in Uttarakhand) are arrested by the [[Mumbai Police]], in connection with the [[Bulli Bai app]], which targeted women of [[Muslims|Muslim Community]] by putting their doctored images in an online auction.
* 5 Jan – [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]]'s convoy stuck in a flyover in [[Firozpur district]] following security breach and protests by farmers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-06|title=India PM Narendra Modi trapped on Punjab flyover in security breach|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-59856628|access-date=2022-01-10}}</ref>
*6 Jan – [[Delhi Police]] arrests a 21 year old [[Engineering]] graduate named Neeraj Bishnoi from [[Jorhat]], [[Assam]]. He is alleged as the master mind behind creation of an online application called "Bulli Bai" where [[Muslims|Muslim]] women were kept for auction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 January 2022|first=Hemanta Kumar|last=Nath|title=Bulli Bai row: Who is Niraj Bishnoi, a 2nd-year engineering student and face behind the app|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bulli-bai-row-controversy-neeraj-bishnoi-21-year-old-delhi-police-arrest-engineer-1896868-2022-01-06|access-date=2022-01-11|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 January 2022|first=Ankita|last=Garg|title=What is Bulli Bai app, what is its link to Sulli Deals, and how GitHub is involved: Story in 10 points|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/what-is-bulli-bai-app-what-is-its-link-to-sulli-deals-and-how-github-is-involved-story-in-10-points-1898365-2022-01-10|access-date=2022-01-11|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
*8 Jan – The [[Election Commission of India]] announces the dates for [[2022 elections in India|2022 Legislative Assembly Elections]] for 5 states. In [[Uttar Pradesh]] it will begin on '10 February', in the states of [[Uttarakhand]], [[Goa]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] it will start on 14 February and in [[Manipur]] the polling starts 27 February.
* 13 Jan – [[Maynaguri train accident]] - A [[train]] [[derailment|derailed]] between [[New Maynaguri railway station|New Maynaguri Railway Station]] and [[New Domohani railway station|New Domohani Railway Station]] due to some glitch in [[locomotive]] engine, around 5:00 PM in [[Jalpaiguri district]] in [[West Bengal]]. At least nine people are killed.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news |title=Bikaner-Guwahati Express derails: 5 dead, NDRF teams rushed to spot |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bikanerguwahati-express-gets-derailed-in-bengal-casualty-feared-101642076460572.html |access-date=13 January 2022 |agency=Hindustan Times |publisher=www.hindustantimes.com |date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
* Tableau's of non [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ruling states like [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Odisha]] gets rejected by [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] from taking part in [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day parade]] sparking controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2022|first=Mohammad|last=Suffian|title=After Bengal, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, now Centre rejects Odisha's Republic Day tableau|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/after-bengal-kerala-and-tamil-nadu-now-centre-rejects-odisha-s-republic-day-tableau-1902245-2022-01-20|access-date=2022-01-27|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
* 21 Jan – [[Amar Jawan Jyoti]] which was continuously burning since last fifty years at [[India Gate]] in commemoration of [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] was mergered with the eternal flame at the [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]] as part of ongoing [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Amar Jawan Jyoti merged with Eternal Flame at National War Memorial in New Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/amar-jawan-jyoti-merge-eternal-flame-national-war-memorial-1902865-2022-01-21 |magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|date=2022-01-21|title=Burning for 5 decades, flame at Amar Jawan Jyoti will be put out at India Gate, merged with National War Memorial|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amar-jawan-jyoti-to-be-extinguished-national-war-memorial-flame-7734184/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=[[Indian Express Limited]]}}</ref> On 21 January 2022, the older flame was merged with the newer one at National War Memorial.<ref name=":1" />

===February===
* 7 February - [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] booked a case against [[ABG Shipyard]], a Gujarat based company for carrying out the biggest loan frauds in history of the country. The company defrauded nearly 28 banks for loans that's worth more than 22,000 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-13 |title=Gujarat shipbuilding firm booked for Rs 22,000 crore loan fraud: CBI |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-shipbuilding-firm-booked-for-rs-22000-crore-loan-fraud-cbi-7769979/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 14 February - [[2022 Karnataka hijab row]] The high court's interim order was implemented in all schools and colleges across Karnataka, with students, and in some cases teachers, being asked to remove hijabs and burqas outside the school gates.
* 4–20 February - [[India at the 2022 Winter Olympics]], [[Arif Khan (skier)|Arif Khan]] was the [[List of flag bearers for India at the Olympics|flag bearer]] in the opening ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-03-15|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/india-moment-at-winter-olympics-opening-skier-arif-khan-leads-contingent-out-7757167/|title=Flag bearer at the winter games|access-date=4 February 2022|work=indianexpress.com}}</ref>

===March===
* 6 March - [[2022 Srinagar bombing]]
* 9 March - [[India]] accidentally fired a [[BrahMos]] [[missile]] originating from [[Sirsa]], [[Haryana]] that crashed into [[Mian Channu]], [[Khanewal District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. - [[2022 India–Pakistan missile incident|India–Pakistan missile incident]]
* 10 March - The legislative assembly elections held in five states - [[BJP]] won by beating the incumbency in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Goa]], [[Manipur]]. Where as in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] registered a decisive victory over ruling [[Indian National Congress]].
* 11 March - Movie based on [[Persecution of Hindus]] in Kashmir Valley - [[The Kashmir Files]] released, declared tax free by several state governments.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title='The Kashmir Files': List of states which have declared the film tax-free |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/the-kashmir-files-list-of-states-which-have-declared-the-film-taxfree-101647344856004.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 15 March - The Karnataka High Court upheld the Ban on [[hijab]]s in schools in the state of Karnataka (following the [[2022 Karnataka hijab row]]) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=LIVE updates: Karnataka HC upholds Hijab ban |url=https://www.siasat.com/live-updates-karnataka-hc-to-pronounce-verdict-on-hijab-row-2290825/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> stating that the hijab is not an essential religious practice.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=Hijab Row Handbook: With HC Verdict, News18 Looks Back at And Beyond The Window Dressing of The Issue |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/hijab-row-handbook-with-hc-verdict-news18-looks-back-at-and-beyond-the-window-dressing-of-the-issue-4874978.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |title=India court in Karnataka upholds ban on hijabs in colleges |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/15/india-court-in-karnataka-upholds-ban-on-hijabs-in-colleges |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India court upholds Karnataka state's ban on hijab in class |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/15/india-court-upholds-karnataka-states-ban-on-hijab-in-class}}</ref>
* 21 March - Eight people burned to death in [[Birbhum district]], [[West Bengal]] following the murder of a [[Trinamool Congress]] politician.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=2022-03-25 |title=Birbhum deaths {{!}} CBI takes over probe after Calcutta High Court order |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/birbhum-deaths-cbi-takes-over-probe-after-calcutta-high-court-order/article65258419.ece |access-date=2022-03-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===April===
* 10 April
** [[Trikut cable car accident]]
** [[April 2022 Indian communal violence]]
*20 April - [[Assam Police]] arrests [[Jignesh Mevani]] a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Gujarat]] at [[Banaskantha district]] following [[Defamation|Defamatory]] [[Twitter|Tweet]] posted by him against [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-22 |title=Assam police arrest Mevani from Gujarat after complaint over tweet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/gujarat-mla-jignesh-mevani-arrest-assam-police-congress-7879504/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
*27 April - Nearly eleven people died of high voltage [[electrocution]] at [[Kallimedu]], [[Thanjavur district]] when a temple chariot came in contact with [[Overhead power line]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatasubramanian |first=V. |date=2022-04-27 |title=11 die of high-voltage electrocution during a procession near Thanjavur |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/11-die-in-high-voltage-electrocution-during-procession-near-thanjavur/article65359082.ece |access-date=2022-05-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== May ===
* 13 May - [[2022 Delhi fire]]
* 16 May - [[Kapil Sibal]] quits [[Indian National Congress]] following differences that he and other G -23 members had with party leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phukan |first=Sandeep |date=2022-05-25 |title=Kapil Sibal quits Congress, to fight Rajya Sabha polls with SP support |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kapil-sibal-files-rajya-sabha-nomination-as-independent-candidate-backed-by-samajwadi-party-says-he-quit-congress-on-may-16/article65459553.ece |access-date=2022-08-27 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 19 May - [[Nikhat Zareen]] won the gold medal in the 52 kg category at the [[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships]] defeating Thailand's Jitpong Jutamas in the [[flyweight]] final in [[Istanbul]], Turkey. She became the fifth Indian women's boxer to win a gold medal at the World Championships, joining [[Mary Kom]], [[Laishram Sarita Devi]], [[Jenny Lalremliani|Jenny R. L.]], and [[Lekha K. C.]]<ref name="NDTV2022">{{Cite news |title=India's Nikhat Zareen Wins Gold At Women's World Boxing Championships |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/boxing/indias-nikhat-zareen-wins-gold-at-womens-world-boxing-championships-2991559 |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=NDTV |date=19 May 2022}}</ref>
* 25 May - [[2022 Assam floods]].<ref>{{Cite news |agency=Reuters |date=2022-05-24 |title=Floods kill 25 in India's Assam, displace thousands |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/floods-kill-25-indias-assam-displace-thousands-2022-05-24/ |access-date=2022-06-03}}</ref>
* 27 May - [[2022 Muhammad remarks controversy]]
* 28 May - [[2022 Hyderabad gang rape]]
* 29 May - Popular Punjabi Singer [[Sidhu Moose Wala|Sidhu Moosewala]] shot dead in Jawaharke, Punjab.

=== June ===
* 4 June - [[Hapur chemical plant explosion]]
* 10 June - Chairman of [[Ceylon Electricity Board]] made revelations that [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] pressurized [[Sri Lanka]] for handing over a 500 MW [[Wind power]] project in [[Mannar District]] to [[Adani Green Energy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka Adani Row: Official Quits After Alleging Link To PM Modi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sri-lanka-adani-row-energy-official-quits-after-alleging-link-to-pm-narendra-modi-3063344 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* 13 June - [[Enforcement Directorate]] summons and questioned [[Rahul Gandhi]] on [[National Herald corruption case]]. Protests by [[Indian National Congress]] in [[Delhi]] around 400 workers detained.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2022 |title=10 hours of questions, drama and fresh summons: Rahul Gandhi's date with ED |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-ed-summons-money-laundering-case-national-herald-protests-1962019-2022-06-13 |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* 14 June - India's first private train under the ''Bharat Gaurav'' scheme is launched at [[Southern Railway zone]] between [[Coimbatore]] and [[Shirdi]]. This train is operated by ''South Star Rail'' based in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Indian Railways launches first private rail service, welcomes passengers with colourful folk performances |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/indian-railways-launches-first-private-rail-service-welcomes-passengers-with-colourful-folk-performances-7971465/ |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=First private train in India flagged off from Coimbatore: Details |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/first-private-train-india-flagged-coimbatore-details-164971 |access-date=2022-06-21 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* 16 June - Protests across the country against [[Agnipath Scheme]] announced by [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Agnipath Protestors Burn Trains In Bihar, Pelt Stones On BJP MLA As Agitation Spreads Across India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/agnipath-protests-stone-pelting-by-defence-aspirants-in-bihar-demonstrations-in-rajasthan-news-202709 |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=outlookindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 21 June -
** [[2022 Maharashtra political crisis|Maharashtra in political crisis]] with rebel MLA's under leadership of [[Eknath Shinde]] challenged to leave the [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-29 |title=Maharashtra political turmoil updates {{!}} June 29, 2022 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/maharashtra-political-turmoil-live-updates-june-29-2022/article65578524.ece |access-date=2022-06-29 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
** [[Yashwant Sinha]] announced as presidential candidate by opposition parties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Yashwant Sinha to be joint opposition candidate |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/presidential-polls-yashwant-sinha-to-be-joint-opposition-candidate/articleshow/92361273.cms |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Murder of Umesh Kohle]]
* 24 June - [[Supreme Court of India]] rejects plea filed by [[Ehsan Jafri]]'s wife against Special Investigation Team report which acquitted [[Narendra Modi]] and 63 others in [[Gulbarg Society massacre]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court dismisses Zakia Jafri's plea against SIT clean chit to Narendra Modi in Gujarat riots case |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/sc-dismisses-zakia-jafris-plea-challenging-sits-clean-chit-to-64-people-including-then-cm-narendra-modi-in-2002-gujarat-riots-case-406574 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>
* 25 June - Former [[Indian Police Service]] officer [[R. B. Sreekumar]] and social activist [[Teesta Setalvad]] arrested by [[Gujarat Police]] in connection with [[2002 Gujarat riots]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Activist Teesta Setalvad, former Gujarat top cop RB Sreekumar sent to judicial remand |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/activist-teesta-setalvad-former-gujarat-top-cop-rb-sreekumar-sent-judicial-remand-165499 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* 27 June - [[Alt News]] founder [[Mohammed Zubair (journalist)|Mohammed Zubair]] arrested by [[Delhi Police]] for a post made by him on [[Twitter]] in 2018 which allegedly hurts religious sentiments. The arrest was following a complaint made by an anonymous Twitter user named ''Hanuman Bhakth.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=Mohammed Zubair, AltNews co-founder, arrested for allegedly hurting religious sentiments |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/altnews-co-founder-mohammad-zubair-arrested-by-delhi-police-7994635/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 28 June
**[[2022 Mumbai building collapse]]
** [[murder of Kanhaiya Lal|Kanhaiya Lal]] is [[behead]]ed by [[Islam in India|Muslims]] in [[Udaipur]], Rajasthan, for supporting [[Nupur Sharma (politician)|Nupur Sharma]] in [[2022 Muhammad remarks controversy|the controversy]] about Sharma's remarks about [[Muhammad]] on [[social media]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=Hindu man beheaded in Udaipur: Prohibitory orders clamped in Rajasthan, NIA to probe case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/curfew-imposed-rajasthan-tailor-beheaded-social-media-post-nupur-sharma-udaipur-accused-arrested-1967872-2022-06-28 |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* 2022 Assam floods<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-02 |title=Assam flood situation worsens; 14 dead, 29.70 lakh affected |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/assam-flood-situation-worsens-14-dead-2970-lakh-affected-1123190.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 June
** [[2022 Manipur landslide]]
** [[Neeraj Chopra]] breaks his own national record with 89.94m throw at Stockholm Diamond League<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2022 |title=Neeraj Chopra breaks his own national record with 89.94m throw at Stockholm Diamond League, finishes 2nd |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/neeraj-chopra-breaks-his-own-national-record-with-89-94m-throw-at-stockholm-diamond-league-finishes-2nd-1968763-2022-06-30 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Uddhav Thackeray]] resigns as [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief minister of Maharashtra]] following [[Supreme Court of India]] not admitting the stay petition of [[Shiv Sena]] against the [[Motion of no confidence]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-29 |title=Uddhav Thackeray resigns as Maharashtra Chief Minister after Supreme Court denies stay on floor test |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra-political-crisis-uddhav-thackeray-resigns-after-supreme-court-denies-stay-on-floor-test/article65583238.ece |access-date=2022-07-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== July ===
* 5 July - The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led coalition under the leadership of [[Eknath Shinde]] ([[Shiv Sena]] defected faction) won the floor test with the support of 164 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of the Legislative Assembly.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title=Maharashtra CM Eknath Shinde clears floor test: Will not pursue politics of vendetta |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-floor-test-eknath-shinde-shiv-sena-bjp-8007829/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 13 July - Controversy erupts around a booklet issued by [[Parliament of India|Parliamentary Secretariat]] that list even commonly used words as [[Unparliamentary language]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-15 |title=No words banned, list is a compilation: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/no-words-banned-list-is-a-compilation-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-8030064/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Words Like 'Ashamed', 'Abused, 'Betrayed', 'Corrupt' To Be Unparliamentary in LS, RS |url=https://thewire.in/government/words-like-ashamed-abused-betrayed-corrupt-to-be-unparliamentary-in-ls-rs |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Wire}}</ref>
* 23 July - Senior [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]] leader and minister in [[Government of West Bengal]], [[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]] and his aide Arpita Mukherjee were arrested by [[Enforcement Directorate|ED]] from [[Kolkata]] in the SSC Scam.
* 25 July -
** [[Droupadi Murmu]] is sworn in as the 15th [[President of India]]
** Nearly 42 killed in [[Botad district]] of [[2022 Gujarat toxic liquor deaths|Gujarat by consuming illicit liquor.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Langa |first=Mahesh |date=2022-07-27 |title=Death toll reaches 42 in Gujarat hooch tragedy |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/death-toll-reaches-42-in-gujarat-hooch-tragedy/article65691057.ece |access-date=2022-07-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== August ===

* 9 August - [[Nitish Kumar]] resigns as [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Chief minister of Bihar]] following [[Janata Dal (United)]] leaving the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] led [[National Democratic Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nitish Kumar quits NDA: A look at JD(U) chief's unpredictable flip-flops since 1989 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nitish-kumar-quits-nda-bihar-jdu-unpredictable-flip-flops-since-1989-alliance-janata-dal-united-jdu-chief-2975192 |access-date=2022-08-16 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
* 10 August - [[Nitish Kumar]] sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|Chief minister of Bihar]] with the support of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phadnis |first=Aditi |date=2022-08-10 |title=Nitish Kumar sworn in as Bihar CM for 8th time, Tejashwi to be his deputy |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/nitish-kumar-sworn-in-as-bihar-cm-for-8th-time-tejashwi-to-be-his-deputy-122081001245_1.html |access-date=2022-08-16}}</ref>
* 11 August - [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]], former governor of [[West Bengal]] and politician from [[Rajasthan]] sworn in as 14th [[Vice President of India]].
* 13 August - A nine year old [[Dalit]] boy from [[Jalore district]] who was beaten by [[Forward caste|upper caste]] teacher on 20 July, for drinking water from earthen pots reserved for higher castes succumbs to death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-13 |title=Dalit boy dies after being assaulted by teacher in Rajasthan school |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dalit-boy-dies-after-being-assaulted-by-teacher-in-rajasthan-school/article65766467.ece |access-date=2022-08-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 22 August - [[R Praggnanandhaa]], a seventeen year chess player from [[Tamil Nadu]] beats world champion [[Magnus Carlsen]] on three straight games at FTX Crypto Cup 2022, held at [[Miami]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-23 |title=India's Chess Grandmaster Praggnanandhaa beats 5-time World Chess Champ Carlsen |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/indias-chess-grandmaster-praggnanandhaa-beats-5-time-world-chess-champ-carlsen-101661158482865.html |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 25 August - FIR and arrest of [[Shivamurthy Murugha Sharanaru]], of Murugha Mutt on alleged continuous sexual assault on two minor girls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Muruga Mutt case? Know why Karnataka's most prominent seer is in the eye of a storm |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/muruga-mutt-case-karnataka-shivamurthy-murugha-sharanaru-chitradurga-news-updates/2650458/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Financialexpress |date=31 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* 26 August - [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] quits from [[Indian National Congress]] after his five [[decade]] long association with the party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Read Ghulam Nabi Azad's Explosive Resignation Letter To Sonia Gandhi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ghulam-nabi-azad-quits-congress-full-text-of-resignation-letter-3288198 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* 27 August - [[Uday Umesh Lalit]] took oath as the 49th [[Chief Justice of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=Justice U U Lalit sworn in as 49th Chief Justice of India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/justice-uu-lalit-sworn-in-chief-justice-of-india-8114693/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 28 August - [[Noida Supertech Twin Towers]] demolished, being India's biggest building demolition.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-28 |title=What next: removing 80,000 tonnes of debris of Supertech twin towers in 3 months |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/noida-supertech-twin-towers-debris-8117489/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 29 August - 17 year old girl set on fire and succumbed death, by a youth due to turning down his proposal in [[Jharkhand|Jharkhand's]] Dumka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2022 |title=Man who set girl on fire in Jharkhand's Dumka seen smiling in police custody |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/man-set-girl-on-fire-jharkhand-dumka-seen-smiling-police-custody-1993882-2022-08-29 |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* 31 August - Death of Paolo Maino due to prolonged illness, mother of [[Sonia Gandhi]] in Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |first=Rasheed |last=Kidwai |title=Paola Maino: The woman who shaped Sonia Gandhi's life and destiny |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/paola-maino-the-woman-who-shaped-sonia-gandhi-s-life-and-destiny-1995044-2022-09-01 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== September ===

* 1 September - India reports 13.5% Annual GDP growth in Q1 FY2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India's Q1 GDP grows at 13.5 percent, lags estimates |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/indias-q1-gdp-grows-at-13-5-percent-hits-1-year-high-on-low-base-effect/articleshow/93886311.cms |access-date=2022-09-01}}</ref>
* 2 September - Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] commissioned India's first indigenous aircraft lifter I[[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS Vikrant]] in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shekhar |date=2022-09-03 |title=3 cheers for INS Vikrant & 3 questions for India's leadership on naval doctrine |url=https://theprint.in/national-interest/3-cheers-for-ins-vikrant-3-questions-for-indias-leadership-on-naval-doctrine/1114139/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 4 September - Indian business tycoon, former [[Tata Sons]] Chairman [[Cyrus Mistry]], passes away in a car crash in [[Palghar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-05 |title=Cyrus Mistry was not wearing seat belt; car covered 20km in 9 minutes: Police |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyrus-mistry-was-not-wearing-seat-belt-car-covered-20km-in-9-minutes-police-101662336969944.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 5 September - [[Hemant Soren]] wins floor test in [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] following allegations of corruption and poaching of MLA's by opposition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabarimala Temple was Buddhist temple, Kerala government informs High Court |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/nov/12/sabarimala-temple-was-buddhist-temple-kerala-government-informs-high-court-1897240.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The New Indian Express|date=12 November 2018 }}</ref>
* 6 September - ED and CBI raid on [[Manish Sisodia]] residence and 40 other locations on basis of [[Delhi liquor scam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=ED conducts raids across multiple states in Delhi excise policy case |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ed-conducts-raids-across-multiple-states-in-delhi-excise-policy-case/articleshow/94021204.cms |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* 7 September - [[Rahul Gandhi]] commences his 3751 kms long '[[Bharat Jodo Yatra]]' from [[Kanyakumari]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress Launches Its Nationwide Bharat Jodo Yatra In Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-launches-its-nationwide-bharat-jodo-yatra-in-tamil-nadu-3324252 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
* 8 September - Rajpath renamed as [[Kartavya Path]] and inaugurated with [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhash Chandra Bose's]] statue at [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project|Central Vista]] by Narendra Modi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=PM Modi to inaugurate Kartavya Path on Thursday {{!}} Here's traffic advisory |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/kartavya-path-inauguration-pm-modi-delhi-traffic-advisory-check-details-delhi-news-delhi-police-101662570201562.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 16 September - 8 [[Cheetah]]s transported to [[Kuno National Park]] of India's [[Madhya Pradesh]] through a specially designated flight from [[Namibia]], on account of Narendra Modi's birthday.
* 18 September - [[Murder of Ankita Bhandari]].
* 22 September - [[National Investigation Agency]] conducts a raid on [[Popular Front of India]] in 13 states and arrests around 106 people for their alleged involvement in [[Terrorism in India|terrorism]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-22 |title=NIA raids PFI-SDPI in Kerala, Bengal, other states. 105 arrested, details here |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nia-ed-police-raid-pfi-sdpi-which-states-and-how-many-detained-101663823080794.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 26 September - [[President of India]] appoints senior advocate R. Venkataramani as the next [[Attorney-General for India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-28 |title=Senior advocate R. Venkataramani is the new Attorney General of India |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/senior-advocate-r-venkataramani-is-the-new-attorney-general/article65947809.ece |access-date=2022-10-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 28 September - [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] bans radical [[Islamic fundamentalism|Islamic]] organisation [[Popular Front of India]] and its eight connected organisations across the nation for five years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |first=Jitendra Bahadur |last=Singh |title=Radical outfit PFI, 8 associated fronts banned for 5 years after nationwide mega raids, arrests |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/government-bans-popular-front-of-india-links-terror-funding-2005597-2022-09-28 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* 29 September
** [[Anil Chauhan|Lt General Anil Chauhan]] appointed as the new [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-28 |title=New CDS a border expert, collector of masks, keen golfer |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-cds-a-border-expert-collector-of-masks-keen-golfer-101664387835378.html |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
** The [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] rules that all women are entitled to an abortion for up to 24 weeks after initial pregnancy as per the women's choice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Supreme Court allows all women, regardless of marital status, to have abortions up to 24 weeks into pregnancies |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/india-abortion-supreme-court-equal-access/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=29 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===October===
* 1 October - 5G telecom services launched in India, primarily in selected 13 cities of the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Shalinee |title=PM Narendra Modi launches first phase of 5G services in 13 cities |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/pm-narendra-modi-launches-first-phase-of-5g-services-in-13-cities/articleshow/94576073.cms |access-date=2022-10-02}}</ref>
* 2 October - [[Tractor|Tractor-Trolley]] returning from a temple falls into a pond in [[Kanpur]], kills 27 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Updates: 27 killed, 22 injured as tractor-trolley falls into pond in Kanpur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/durga-puja-rajasthan-politics-arvind-kejriwal-karnataka-bharat-jodo-yatra-1-october-2022/liveblog/94574402.cms |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Times of India |date=2 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[2022 Bhadohi fire]]: Fourteen people died and more than 75 people were injured in the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Five killed in fire at puja venue in India |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/world/five-killed-in-fire-at-puja-venue-in-india-1664789743 |publisher=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)]] |date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
* 4 October - [[Avalanche]] in [[Uttarkashi|Uttarakashi]] kills nearly 30 mountaineers, from the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-08 |title=Uttarakhand avalanche: As Uttarkashi counts the dead, families of climbers brace for worst |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/avalanche-as-uttarkashi-counts-the-dead-families-of-climbers-brace-for-worst-8196638/ |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 5 October - [[Mal river accident|An accident]] happened in Mal river in [[Malbazar]], [[Jalpaiguri district]], [[West Bengal]] during immersion of idols during [[Durga Puja]], where 8 people died and many were seriously injured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mal-river-flash-flood-sweeps-away-8-during-immersion/articleshow/94694139.cms|title=Mal river flash flood sweeps away 8 during immersion in Durga Puja|work=[[The Times Of India]]|date=5 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref>
* 6 October - Congress president [[Sonia Gandhi]] joined the [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]], which resumed its journey in Pandavapura in Karnataka's Mandya district on Thursday after a two-day Dasara break.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/sonia-joins-bharat-jodo-yatra-in-mandya-for-two-hours/article65976791.ece |title=Sonia joins Bharat Jodo Yatra in Mandya for two hours |access-date=2022-10-06|website=The Hindu|date=6 October 2022 }}</ref>
* 11 October - Chief Justice of India [[Uday Umesh Lalit|Uday Lalit]], nominates [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|DY Chandrachud]] as his successor, prior his retirement on 8 November.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Sumit |date=2022-10-12 |title=CJI UU Lalit Recommends Justice DY Chandrachud As The Next Chief Justice Of India |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/cji-uu-lalit-recommends-justice-dy-chandrachud-as-the-next-chief-justice-of-india/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* 13 October - Two bench [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] Panel provided a split decision over the [[2022 Karnataka hijab row|Hijab row]], and would be further transferred to a larger [[Chief Justice of India|CJI]] led bench.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-13 |title=Split over hijab: The Hindu Editorial on the Supreme Court verdict |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/split-over-hijab-the-hindu-editorial-on-the-supreme-court-verdict/article66006780.ece |access-date=2022-10-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 14 October - [[Allahabad High Court]], rejects the plea to carry out [[carbon-dating]] process on the alleged Shivaling, found in the surroundings of Gyanvyapi mosque.
* 17 October - Elections for the president of All India National Congress carried out. Former president [[Rahul Gandhi]] votes from [[Bellary]], Karnataka.
* 19 October - [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] [[2022 Indian National Congress presidential election|elected]] as the national [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of Indian National Congress]], thereby becoming the first Non-Gandhi president after 24 years by defeating his poll rival [[Shashi Tharoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title='A labourer's son': New Cong chief Mallikarjun Kharge's 'emotional' moment |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/labourers-son-elected-congress-president-says-emotional-mallikarjun-kharge-101666763375733.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 25 October - [[Islamic State|ISIS]] terror plot; suicide bomber blasts a car in [[Coimbatore]] of Tamil Nadu with no casualties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coimbatore car blast: Was there a plot to attack religious places in Tamil Nadu like Easter bombings in Sri Lanka? |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/10/25/coimbatore-car-blast-was-there-a-plot-to-attack-religious-places-in-tamil-nadu-like-easter-bombings-in-sri-lanka.html |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>
* 27 October - [[List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] announces equal match fees to both men and women cricketers across all the formats of the game.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-27 |title=Pay equity: BCCI announces equal match fee for men, women cricketers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/bcci-announces-pay-equality-for-women-internationals-8232746/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 October - [[2022 Morbi bridge collapse]]

=== November ===

* 1 November - The [[Air quality index|Air quality Index]] plunges to 'severe' category in [[Noida]], remains 'very poor' in [[New Delhi]], creation of thick [[smog]] in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air quality plunges to 'severe' category in Noida, remains 'very poor' in Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/air-quality-plunges-severe-category-noida-very-poor-delhi-2291726-2022-11-01 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=India Today |date=November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2 November - Global Investors Meet 2022 held in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], with delegates and investors present from various countries.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=PM Modi to inaugurate Global Investors Meet 'Invest Karnataka 2022' today |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-global-investors-meet-invest-karnataka-2022-today-11667358809404.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
* 6 November - [[Bhavya Bishnoi (politician)|Bhavya Bishnoi]] is elected to the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] for the [[Adampur, Haryana Assembly constituency]] in a by-election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Bhavya Bishnoi takes oath, becomes youngest member of Haryana Vidhan Sabha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/bhavya-bishnoi-oath-youngest-haryana-mla-8272249/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 7 November - In ''Janhit Abhiyan vs Union of India'' case, [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] upheld the validity of the [[One Hundred and Third Amendment of the Constitution of India|103rd constitutional amendment]] which provides 10% reservation for the [[Economically Weaker Section]]s by a 3-2 majority.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2022-11-07 |title=Reservation policy cannot stay for indefinite period, says Supreme Court |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/reservation-policy-cannot-stay-for-indefinite-period-says-supreme-court/article66108033.ece |access-date=2022-11-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 9 November - Logo with lotus launched, for the [[G-20 Summit]] hosted in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=G20 presidency reflects world's confidence in India, says PM Modi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/g20-presidency-reflects-worlds-confidence-in-india-says-pm-modi/articleshow/95387443.cms |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* 10 November - [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D. Y. Chandrachud]] takes oath as the 50th [[Chief Justice of India]], succeeding [[Uday Umesh Lalit|Uday Lalit]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Meet Justice D Y Chandrachud, sworn in as the 50th Chief Justice of India |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/justice-chandrachud-50th-cji-takes-oath-8257591/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 11 November -
** Bangalore welcomes 2nd [[Kempegowda International Airport|International airport]] terminal T2, with 108 ft statue of [[Kempe Gowda I|Kempe Gowda]], the architect of Bangalore called '[[Statue of Prosperity|The Statue of Prosperity]]', inaugurated by [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Karnataka minister Dr Ashwathnarayan is bringing the world to Kempegowda, through The Statue Of Prosperity |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/karnataka-minister-dr-ashwathnarayan-is-bringing-the-world-to-kempegowda-through-the-statue-of-prosperity-122110800707_1.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.business-standard.com}}</ref>
** All the 6 assassins of former Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] released from prison, as per the orders of the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-11-11 |title=All 6 Rajiv Gandhi assassination case convicts to be released on November 12 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/all-6-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-case-convicts-to-be-released-on-november-12/article66124971.ece |access-date=2022-11-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
*12 November - [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Elections]], underway for 68 seats of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Himachal Pradesh Election 2022 Live Updates: 17.98 per cent voter turnout till 11 am; PM Modi urges people to make new voting record |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-votes-today-all-68-seats-live-updates-8263542/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
*14 November - Horrific Incident in Delhi; Man named Aftab kills girlfriend Shraddha Walker by strangling, chops the body into 35 pieces for dispose. Caught by the police department during the act.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shraddha Walkar murder: Why it's not easy for abused women to end a toxic relationship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/shraddha-walker-murder-why-its-not-easy-for-abused-women-to-end-a-toxic-relationship-2300859-2022-11-23 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=India Today |date=23 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*18 November -
**[[Vikram-S]] rocket, India's first rocket launch partnered with private space organisation with [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] launched from [[Sriharikota]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=Vikram-S rocket launch Live Updates: India's first private rocket blasts off successfully |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-vikram-s-rocket-launch-live-updates-8275214/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] sacks entire selection committee of the cricket board, led by [[Chetan Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2022 |title=T20 World Cup fallout: BCCI sacks entire Chetan Sharma-led selection committee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/t20-world-cup-fallout-bcci-sacks-entire-chetan-sharma-led-selection-committee/articleshow/95610511.cms |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
**" 3rd - No Money for Terror" - [[Counterterrorism|Counter Terrorism]] conference held under the presidency of [[Narendra Modi]] in [[New Delhi]] in the presence of International delegates.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-18 |title=At anti-terror conference, PM Modi's indirect swipe at Pak: 'Some countries...' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/even-a-single-attack-is-one-too-many-pm-modi-at-anti-terror-conference-101668745466664.html |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
*20 November - Blast in an auto-rickshaw in [[Mangalore]] street, by accused Mohammed Shafiq using a pressure-cooker bomb.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-21 |title=Mangaluru blast: Eyewitnesses thought it was an accident, helped driver, accused |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mangaluru/mangaluru-blast-eyewitnesses-thought-it-was-an-accident-helped-driver-accused-8279884/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== December ===

* 1 December - Phase 1 of [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Elections]] held.
* 2 December - Marriage of Dr Abhinav khare with Dr Palak Khare, [[NAVPAL]]
* 5 December - Phase 2 of [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Elections]] carried out.
* 8 December - Result of [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Elections]] and [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] declared. [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won a seventh consecutive term in [[Gujarat]] with a landslide victory (156 out of total 182 seats) and [[Indian National Congress]] toppled incumbent [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] government in [[Himachal Pradesh]] by bagging 40 out of 68 seats.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Himachal Assembly Election Result 2022 Live Updates: Congress MLAs pass resolution authorising party high command to decide new CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-assembly-election-results-today-live-updates-bjp-congress-aap-8311189/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* 9 December - Indian soldiers clash with Chinese soldiers at the [[Tawang]] border of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. No casualties, several injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=2022-12-12 |title=Indian, Chinese Soldiers Clash At Tawang Arunachal Pradesh; Indian Sources Claim More PLA Soldiers Injured |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/indian-chinese-soldiers-clash-at-tawang-arunachal-pradesh-india/ |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=eurasiantimes.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 12 December - Congress Leader Raja Pateria arrested for comments "Kill Prime Minister Modi to save constitution" in Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-13 |title=Congress leader Raja Pateriya held amid backlash over remarks on PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/congress-leader-held-amid-backlash-over-remarks-on-pm-modi-101670898711259.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 13 December - 3 students die by suicide in [[Kota, Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-12 |title=3 Coaching Students Allegedly Die By Suicide In Rajasthan's Kota |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/3-coaching-students-allegedly-die-by-suicide-in-rajasthans-kota-today-3600036 |access-date=2022-12-12 |work=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-13 |title=Deaths of 3 students by suicide within 12 hours rock coaching hub Kota in Rajasthan. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/two-students-die-by-suicide-in-rajasthans-kota/articleshow/96176602.cms |access-date=2022-12-13 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
* 20 December — India enacted its first domestic anti-piracy legislation as the Maritime Anti-Piracy Act 2022, criminalizing maritime piracy and empowering Indian agencies with the authority to respond to threats.<ref>{{cite news |title=9 pirates being brought to India to face legal action, says Navy a day after rescuing 23 Pakistani crew from Iranian fishing vessel|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/9-pirates-being-brought-to-india-to-face-legal-action-navy-day-after-rescuing-23-pakistani-crew-from-iranian-fishing-vessel/articleshow/108902077.cms |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>
* 24 December - [[Tunisha Sharma]], a television actress, who was playing the role of Mariyam, in Indian sitcom [[Ali Baba (Indian TV series)|Ali Baba]], died by suicide on the set of Ali Baba at the age of 20 just 11 days before her 21st birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV actress Tunisha Sharma dies by suicide on sets of her show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/tv-actress-tunisha-sharma-dies-by-suicide-on-sets-of-her-show-2313124-2022-12-24 |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=India Today |date=24 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 December -
** Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi|Narendra Modi's]] mother, [[Heeraben Modi]] passes away at the age of 99 in [[Ahmedabad]].
** Cricketer [[Rishabh Pant]] meet with a major accident, his car ([[Mercedes-AMG]] GLE 43 4MATIC Coupe) collided with a road divider on the Delhi-Dehradun [[highway]]. He was admitted to [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]], Delhi.

==Deaths==
{{update section|date=April 2022}}
===January===
[[File:LataMangeshkar10.jpg|thumb|[[Lata Mangeshkar]]|100px]]
*4 – [[Sindhutai Sapkal]], 73, social worker; [[cardiac arrest]]
*8 – [[Ramesh Babu]], 56, film actor
*17 – [[Birju Maharaj]], 83, dancer
*18 – [[Narayan Debnath]], 97, cartoonist
*22 – [[Jaswant Singh (field hockey)|Jaswant Singh]], 90, field hockey player
*29 - [[J.S. Bandukwala]], 77, human rights activist; [[Sepsis|septicemia]]

===February===
[[File:Bappi Lahiri graces musical concert ‘Rehmatein-3’.jpg|thumb|[[Bappi Lahiri]]|100px]]
*6 – [[Lata Mangeshkar]], 92, singer; [[multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]
*15 – [[Bappi Lahiri]], 69, music composer [[obstructive sleep apnea]]
*15 – [[Sandhya Mukhopadhyay]], 90, legendary Bengali singer, [[cardiac arrest]]
*12 – [[Rahul Bajaj]], 83, billionaire businessman and CEO of [[Bajaj Group]]
*21 – [[Mekapati Goutham Reddy]], 50, politician; [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]]

===March===
*4 - [[Sunith Francis Rodrigues]], 88, army officer
*14 – [[Sandeep Nangal Ambian]], 38, [[kabaddi]] player; shot dead
*23 - [[Ramesh Chandra Lahoti]], 81, 35th Chief Justice of India
*24 - [[Abhishek Chatterjee]], 57, actor

===May===
[[File:KK (125).jpg|thumb|100px|[[KK (singer)|KK]]]]
*10 – [[Shivkumar Sharma]], 84, classical musician and [[santoor]] player, [[Cardiac arrest]]
*11 - [[Sukh Ram]], 94, politician
*14 - [[Urvashi Vaid]], 63, activist, lawyer, and writer
*29 – [[Sidhu Moose Wala]], 28, entertainer; shot dead
*31 – [[KK (singer)|KK]], 54, Singer, [[Cardiac arrest]]
*31 - [[Bhim Singh (politician)|Bhim Singh]], 80, politician, activist, lawyer and author

===June===
[[File:Hari Chand.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hari Chand]]]]
*13 – [[Hari Chand]], 69, [[Long-distance running|long-distance runner]] Olympian
*15 - [[Gopi Chand Narang]], 91, theorist, literary critic, and scholar
*26 - [[V. Krishnamurthy]], 97, civil servant
*28 - [[Varinder Singh (field hockey)|Varinder Singh]], 75, field hockey player
*28 - [[Pallonji Mistry]], 93, billionaire construction tycoon

===July===
*3 - [[E.N. Sudhir]], 74, footballer
*4 - [[Tarun Majumdar]], 91, film director
*5 - [[P. Gopinathan Nair]], 99, social worker
*9 - [[B. K. Syngal]], 82, Father of Internet & Data Services in India
*12 - [[T. R. Prasad]], 80, bureaucrat
*15 - [[Pratap Pothen]], 69, actor and filmmaker
*18 - [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], 82, musician
*25 - [[Ashok Jagdale]], 76, cricketer
*26 - [[Sushovan Banerjee]], 84, physician and politician
*29 - [[Rasik Dave]], 65, actor

===August===
[[File:Rj_in_office.jpg|thumb|[[Rakesh Jhunjhunwala]]|100px]]
[[File:Cyrus Mistry.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Cyrus Mistry]]]]
*3 - [[Mithilesh Chaturvedi]], 67, actor
*5 - [[Debi Ghosal]], 87, politician
*8 - [[Sharad Hazare]], 77, cricketer
*9 - [[Pradeep Patwardhan]], 65, actor and comedian
*11 - [[Shimoga Subbanna]], 83, singer
*12 - [[Anshu Jain]], 59, business executive
*14 - [[Rakesh Jhunjhunwala]], 62, stock trader and investor
*14 - [[Vinayak Mete]], 52, politician
*16 - [[Subhash Singh (Bihar politician)|Subhash Singh]], 59, politician
*20 - [[Samar Banerjee]], 92, footballer
*20 - [[Syed Sibtey Razi]], 83, politician
*25 - [[Saawan Kumar Tak]], 86, director, producer, and lyricist
*25 - [[Devidhan Besra]], 77, politician
*26 - [[Jalaluddin Umri]], 87, scholar and writer
*29 - [[Pradip Mukherjee]], 76, actor and dramatist
*29 - [[Abhijit Sen]], 71, economist

===September===
[[File:Raju-Srivastav.jpg|thumb|[[Raju Srivastav]]|100px]]
*1 - [[Mary Roy]], 89, educator and activist
*1 - [[Bamba Bakya]], 49, singer and musician
*2 - [[T. V. Sankaranarayanan]], 77, singer
*2 - [[Ramveer Upadhyay]], 65, politician
*4 - [[Cyrus Mistry]], 54, businessman
*6 - [[Umesh Katti]], 61, Karnataka politician
*7 - [[Ramchandra Manjhi]], 97, Bhojpuri folk dancer
*8 - [[Kamal Narain Singh]], 95, 22nd Chief Justice of India
*10 - [[B. B. Lal (archaeologist)|B. B. Lal]], 101, archaeologist
*11 - [[Krishnam Raju]], 82, actor and politician
*11 - [[Swaroopanand Saraswati]], 98, religious leader
*13 - [[N. M. Joseph]], 78, politician
*13 - [[Faisal Saif]], 46, film director
*14 - [[Naresh Kumar (tennis)|Naresh Kumar]], 93, tennis player
*17 - [[Manikrao Hodlya Gavit]], 87, politician
*19 - [[Bishnu Sethi]], 61, politician
*21 - [[Raju Srivastav]], 58, comedian

=== October ===
[[File:Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav, addressing at the National Development Council 52nd Meeting, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on December 9, 2006.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]]]
[[File:MJ-Ela-Bhatt-October-2013.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ela Bhatt]]]]
* 1 - [[Tulsi Tanti]], 64, businessman
* 1 - [[Kodiyeri Balakrishnan]], 68, kerala politician
* 4 - [[Shekhar Joshi]], 90, author.
* 7 - [[Arun Bali]], 79, actor
* 9 - [[Temsüla Ao]], 76, poet and writer
* 9 - [[Bhanwar Lal Sharma]], 77, rajasthan politician
* 10 - [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], 82, politician
* 10 - [[Subbu Arumugam]], 94, writer and storyteller.
* 11 - [[A. Gopalakrishnan]], 85, nuclear engineer.
* 14 - [[Kedar Singh Phonia]], 92, uttarakhand politician
* 15 - [[K. Murari]], 78, film producer
* 16 - [[Vaishali Takkar]], 30, actress
* 16 - [[Dilip Mahalanabis]], 87, pediatrician
* 22 - Anand Mamani, 56, deputy speaker of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka LA]].
* 26 - [[Esmayeel Shroff]], 62, film director

===November===
[[File:Siva Rama Krishna Ghattamaneni.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]]]]
* 1 - [[Vijayakumar Menon]], 76, art critic and writer
* 2 - [[Ela Bhatt]], 89, social activist
* 2 - [[T. P. Rajeevan]], 63, novelist
* 2 - [[Jambey Tashi]], 44, politician
* 3 - [[G. S. Varadachary]], 90, film critic and journalist
* 5 - [[Hyder Ali (Indian cricketer)|Hyder Ali]], 79, cricketer
* 8 - [[Lohithaswa]], 80, actor
* 10 - [[Rajni Kumar]], 99, English-born educationalist, founder of the [[Springdales School]]s<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chenoy|first1=Anuradha|title=Rajni Kumar: Educator who gave the Capital a new model|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/rajni-kumar-educator-who-gave-the-capital-a-new-model-101668106506820.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=11 November 2022}}</ref>
* 11 - [[Siddhaanth Vir Surryavanshi]], 47, actor
* 12 - [[Mohammad Nejatullah Siddiqi]], 91, economist
* 15 - [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]], 79, actor
* 18 - [[Tabassum]], 78, actress
* 19 - [[Babu Mani]], 59, footballer
* 20 - [[Aaroor Dass]], 91, screenwriter
* 20 - Aindrila Sharma, 24, actress
* 21 - [[Avvai Natarajan]], 86, academic administrator,
* 26 - [[Vikram Gokhale]], 77, actor
* 30 - Vikram Kirloskar, 64, businessman
* 30 - [[Kumble Sundara Rao]], 88, [[Yakshagana]] artist and politician
* 30 - [[Nagnath Lalujirao Kottapalle]], 74, writer and academic administrator

=== December ===
[[File:Tunisha Sharma at the launch of the show 'Internet Wala Love' (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Tunisha Sharma]]]]
* 1 - [[Vasu Pisharody]], 79, [[Kathakali]] actor
* 1 - [[Samresh Singh]], 81, Indian politician
* 2 - [[Tukaram Gangadhar Gadakh]], 69, politician
* 2 - [[Jharana Das]], 82, actress
* 5 - [[Ahmad Ali Barqi Azmi]], 67, poet
* 6 - [[Yoginder K Alagh]], 83, economist
* 7 - [[Manohar Devadoss]], 86, visual artist and writer
* 9 - [[Sulochana Chavan]], 89, [[Marathi language|Marathi]] singer
* 10 - [[Kenneth Powell (sprinter)|Kenneth Powell]], 82, Olympic sprinter
* 12 - [[Mohan Jena]], 65, politician
* 13 - [[Ranjit Singh Brahmpura]], 85, politician
* 24 - [[Tunisha Sharma]], 20, actress

==See also==
{{Wikinews|India}}
{{portal|2020s|Current events|India}}
* [[2022 in Manipur]]

===Country overviews===
* [[History of India]]
* [[History of modern India]]
* [[Outline of India]]
* [[Government of India]]
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]
* [[Years in India]]

===Related timelines for current period===
* [[2020s in political history]]
* [[2020s]]
* [[21st century]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/here-is-the-important-news-and-events-of-world-in-2022-month-wise/articleshow/96214627.cms Important events of 2022: India] – Business Insider

{{Year in Asia|2022}}
{{Years in India}}

[[Category:2022 in India| ]]
[[Category:2022 by country|India]]
[[Category:2022 in Asia|India]]
[[Category:2020s in India]]
[[Category:Years of the 21st century in India]]

2015 Indian Premier League final

2026-01-14T12:13:20Z

AhmadFosbery49:

{{use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
|title = 2015 Indian Premier League final
| event = [[2015 Indian Premier League]]
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| team1score = 202/5
| team1overs = 20 overs
| team2score = 161/8
| team2overs = 20 overs
| details = Mumbai Indians won by 41 runs
| date = 24 May 2015
| stadium = [[Eden Gardens]]
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Rohit Sharma]] (MI)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)
| attendance = 67,000<ref name="crowd">Sabi Hussain (24 May 2015). [http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/carnival-chaos--the-final-had-a-bit-of-everything/85144.html "Carnival, chaos... the final had a bit of everything"] – ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''. Retrieved 25 May 2015.</ref>
| television =
| previous = [[2014 Indian Premier League final|2014]]
| next = [[2016 Indian Premier League final|2016]]
}}

The '''2015 Indian Premier League final''' was a [[Day/night cricket|day/night]] [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] match between the [[Mumbai Indians]] and the [[Chennai Super Kings]], played on 24 May 2015, at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]. It was held to determine the winner of the [[2015 Indian Premier League|2015 season]] of the [[Indian Premier League]], the annual professional Twenty20 tournament in [[India]].<ref name=card>{{cite web|title=Final: Mumbai Indians v Chennai Super Kings at Kolkata, May 24, 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829823.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> It was the third time these two teams met in the final, having previously played each other in the [[2010 Indian Premier League#Knockout stage|2010]] and [[2013 Indian Premier League final|2013]] finals.

Mumbai defeated Chennai by 41 runs to win their second IPL title, playing in their third IPL final. Their previous IPL victory had come at the same venue against the same opposition in 2013.<ref name=report>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Indians saunter to second title win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/880453.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> Chennai were playing their sixth IPL final, attempting to win their third title. Mumbai captain [[Rohit Sharma]] was awarded man of the match for his innings of 50.<ref name=card/> The final was sold out,<ref>(23 May 2015). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/ipl-2015/news/All-tickets-sold-out-for-IPL-final/articleshow/47399796.cms "All tickets sold out for IPL final"] – ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 25 May 2015.</ref> with a final attendance of around 67,000 people.<ref name="crowd"/>

==Road to the final==
{{main|2015 Indian Premier League}}

===Group stage===
Chennai and Mumbai were ranked first and second respectively on the league table.<ref name=points>{{cite web|title=Points Table|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/series/791129.html?view=pointstable|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> Apart from a defeat to the Rajasthan Royals, Chennai had a successful first half of the league stage, having won six out of seven matches. They suffered a loss of form in the remaining seven games of the second half in which they managed three wins<ref name=redhot>{{cite web|last1=Venugopal|first1=Arun|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/877729.html|title=Red hot Mumbai run into steady Super Kings|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> and finished at the top of the table with 18 points.<ref name=points/> During the league stage, Chennai successfully defended low totals like 150, 134 and 148.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 8: Suresh Raina credits MS Dhoni's leadership for CSK's success|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/cricketnext/news/ipl-8-suresh-raina-credits-ms-dhonis-leadership-for-csks-success-543739-78.html|publisher=IBN Live|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> Chennai bowlers [[Dwayne Bravo]] and [[Ashish Nehra]] produced consistent bowling performances throughout the tournament, with the former holding on to the Purple Cap for most wickets during the season.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} Chennai's most prolific batsman of the season [[Brendon McCullum]] had to depart for England on national duty at the conclusion of the league stage.<ref name=mccu>{{cite web|title=McCullum heads to England, to miss Chennai Super Kings playoffs|last1=Mirza|first1=Firoz|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2015/mccullum-heads-to-england-to-miss-chennai-super-kings-playoffs/article1-1345075.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508100515/http://www.hindustantimes.com/ipl-2015/mccullum-heads-to-england-to-miss-chennai-super-kings-playoffs/article1-1345075.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2015|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>

Mumbai began the season with five defeats in their first six matches, including four on the trot at the start of the season.<ref name=mock/> At this time, their opener [[Aaron Finch]] was ruled out of the tournament with an injury, after which Mumbai found success with their new opening combination of [[Parthiv Patel]] and [[Lendl Simmons]].<ref name=mumind>{{cite web|title=I like batting with Parthiv – Simmons|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/870297.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> They averaged more than 50 for the first wicket, making them the best opening pair of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Karhadkar|first1=Amol|title=Super Kings flagship runs around in Mumbai|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/878681.html|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] replaced national teammate [[Corey Anderson (cricketer)|Corey Anderson]] in the playing eleven, after the latter suffered a tournament-ending injury, and formed a formidable bowling attack with [[Lasith Malinga]] and [[Harbhajan Singh]].<ref name=mumind/> Mumbai went on to win seven of their last eight matches, including five wins in succession, to take the second spot on the league table.<ref name=points/>

{{stack begin|float=left}}
{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression|create
| caption = League progression
| teams = Chennai Super Kings, Mumbai Indians
| knockoutType = 2
| matchesPerTeam = 14
| matchReportArticle = 2015 Indian Premier League

| W2, W4, W12, L15, W20, W24, W28, L30, L34, W37, L43, W47, L49, W53
| L57, W59, L60

| L1, L7, L9, L12, W16, L21, W23, W32, W35, W39, W43, L46, W51, W56
| W57, U, W60
}}
{{stack end}}{{clear}}

====Group stage series====
{{Cricket match summary | bg=#eee | date = 17 April | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 183/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 189/4 (16.4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829729.html Scorecard]
| round = Match 12
| result = [[2015 Indian Premier League#match12|Chennai won by 6 wickets]]
}}
{{Cricket match summary | date = 8 May | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 158/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 159/4 (19.2 overs)
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chepauk]], [[Chennai]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829789.html Scorecard]
| round = Match 43
| result = [[2015 Indian Premier League#match43|Mumbai won by 6 wickets]]
}}

In the two group stage matches between Mumbai and Chennai, both teams lost at home. In the first meeting at Mumbai, Mumbai initially struggled and were 57 for 4 in the tenth over before captain [[Rohit Sharma]] and [[Kieron Pollard]] scored half-centuries and shared a partnership of 75 runs in 33 balls to lift the team to a total of 183 for 7.<ref name=mock/> Chennai started strongly in the run-chase with a 109-run opening stand between McCullum and [[Dwayne Smith]]. McCullum was dismissed for 46 and soon Smith followed with 62.<ref>{{cite web|title=12th match: Mumbai Indians v Chennai Super Kings at Mumbai, Apr 17, 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829729.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> [[Suresh Raina]] then came up with an unbeaten 43 to take Chennai to a six-wicket win.<ref name=mock>{{cite web|last1=Karhadkar|first1=Amol|title=Super Kings make mockery of 184 chase|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/862419.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> In their second encounter, Chennai could put up a total of 158 for 5 mainly due [[Pawan Negi]]'s innings of 36 off 17 balls and an unbeaten 39 by captain [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]. Mumbai were at a strong position of 84 for no loss at the end of their first 10 overs, but were reduced to 86 for 3 after 12.<ref>{{cite web|title=43rd match: Chennai Super Kings v Mumbai Indians at Chennai, May 8, 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829789.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> They lost Rohit Sharma in the 18th over and were left with 30 runs to score from the last two overs. [[Hardik Pandya]] struck three sixes in the 19th over which yielded 25 runs.<ref name=pandya/> Mumbai then sealed the win six wickets and four balls to spare. This was Mumbai's fifth consecutive win of the season<ref name=pandya>{{cite web|last1=Purohit|first1=Abhishek|title=Rayudu, Pandya make it five in five for Mumbai|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/872533.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> and Chennai's first defeat at the Chepauk since 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chennai vs Mumbai, 43rd Match, Chennai (D/N), May 08, 2015|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/14636/csk-vs-mi-43rd-match-indian-premier-league-2015|publisher=Cricbuzz|access-date=24 May 2015}}</ref>

===Playoff stage===
The playoff stage is played according to the [[page playoff system]] and provided Chennai and Mumbai, being the top- and second-ranked teams, with two ways of qualifying for the Final. They first faced each other in Qualifier 1 where the winners would qualify for the Final. The losers of Qualifier 1 would play against the winners of the Eliminator in Qualifier 2, the winners of which would also qualify for the Final.

{{Cricket match summary | bg=#eee | date = 19 May | daynight = yes | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 187/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 162 (19 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829817.html Scorecard]
| round = Qualifier 1
| result = [[2015 Indian Premier League#match57|Mumbai won by 25 runs]]
}}

In Qualifier 1, Mumbai won the toss and chose to bat first. Mumbai captain Rohit Sharma said the track looked good to bat first and get runs on board, while Dhoni said he wished to bowl first and believed his team could chase down totals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifier 1: Chennai Super Kings v Mumbai Indians at Mumbai, May 19, 2015 / Commentary|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829817.html?innings=1;view=commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> Mumbai's innings began steady with a 90-run opening partnership between Patel and Simmons which ended when Patel was dismissed for 35. After Simmons fell for a 51-ball 65 in the 14th over, Pollard arrived at the crease with the score reading 113 for 2.<ref name=q1card/> Even as wickets were falling at the other end, Pollard struck one four and five sixes in his innings of 41 which came off just 17 balls.<ref name=q1arun>{{cite web|last1=Venugopal|first1=Arun|title=Pollard, Harbhajan put Mumbai in third final|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/878287.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> Mumbai posted a total of 187 for 6 in their 20 overs.<ref name=q1card/> Chennai's run-chase started with Smith being dismissed for a duck by Malinga in the first over. They lost the wicket of [[Michael Hussey]] in the sixth over and the score read 46/2. Raina and [[Faf du Plessis]] then steadied the innings taking Chennai past 80 in the tenth over.<ref name=q1card/> In the 11th over, Harbhajan Singh dismissed Raina and Dhoni off consecutive balls.<ref name=q1arun/> Following this, Chennai started losing wickets at regular intervals and were eventually bowled out for 162.<ref name=q1card>{{cite web|title=Qualifier 1: Chennai Super Kings v Mumbai Indians at Mumbai, May 19, 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829817.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>

{{Cricket match summary | bg=#eee | date = 22 May | daynight = yes | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 139/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/7 (19.5 overs)
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex|JSCA International Stadium]], [[Ranchi]]
| scorecard = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/829821.html Scorecard]
| round = Qualifier 2
| result = [[2015 Indian Premier League#match59|Chennai won by 3 wickets]]
}}

Qualifier 2 was played between Chennai and the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]. Dhoni won the toss and elected to bowl first expecting [[dew]] to play a part in the latter stages of the match, while Bangalore captain [[Virat Kohli]] wanted to bat first on what he believed was a dry pitch.<ref name=qual2/><ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifier 2: Chennai Super Kings v Royal Challengers Bangalore at Ranchi, May 22, 2015 / Commentary|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829821.html?innings=1;view=commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> Bangalore innings started off slowly and [[R Ashwin]] was introduced into the attack early with [[Chris Gayle]] at the crease. Nehra struck twice in the fifth over picking up the wickets of Kohli and [[AB de Villiers]].<ref name=qual2/> After losing another wicket, Bangalore steadied the innings with a 44-run partnership between Gayle and [[Dinesh Karthik]].<ref name=q2card/> In the 14th over, Gayle struck two consecutive sixes but, was dismissed [[caught and bowled]] by Raina, trying to hit a third.<ref name=qual2/> [[Sarfaraz Khan (cricketer)|Sarfaraz Khan]] then played a useful innings of 31 from 21 balls and lifted Bangalore's total to 139 for 8 in 20 overs.<ref name=q2card/> In reply, Chennai lost the wicket of Smith early in their innings. In the tenth over, [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] claimed the wickets of du Plessis and Raina<ref name=qual2/> and the score read 61 for 3. Dhoni then joined Hussey at the crease and the pair put on 47 runs for the fourth wicket, before Hussey was dismissed for 56.<ref name=q2card/> Towards the end, Chennai lost three wickets within six balls, but managed to win the match off the penultimate ball of the innings with a single from Ashwin.<ref name=qual2>{{cite web|last1=Purohit|first1=Abhishek|title=Nehra, Hussey carry CSK to the final|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/content/story/879725.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=q2card>{{cite web|title=Qualifier 2: Chennai Super Kings v Royal Challengers Bangalore at Ranchi, May 22, 2015|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829821.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref>

==Match==
===Background===
The Final was played at the neutral venue of [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]. The [[2013 Indian Premier League final|2013 Final]] between these two teams was also played at this venue where Mumbai had defeated Chennai by 23 runs to win their first IPL title. This was the seventh encounter between these two teams in the knockout/playoff stage of IPL, with Chennai leading 4–2 in such matches prior to this game.<ref name=redhot/>

Chennai had the tournament's leading wicket-taker [[Dwayne Bravo]] in their ranks but were without their best batsman of the season [[Brendon McCullum]], who was playing for [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]] in England.<ref name=mccu/> Mumbai's leading run-scorer [[Lendl Simmons]] was 90 runs behind the Orange Cap holder, while their leading bowler [[Lasith Malinga]] was two wickets behind Bravo on the Purple Cap list.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

===Report===
The toss was won by Chennai who chose to bowl first. Their captain [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] described the pitch as being dry and predicted it would stay the same throughout the match. Mumbai captain [[Rohit Sharma]] said he wanted to bat first and post a good total to defend. Both teams were unchanged from their respective previous matches.<ref>{{cite web|title=Final: Mumbai Indians v Chennai Super Kings at Kolkata, May 24, 2015 / Commentary|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2015/engine/match/829823.html?innings=1;view=commentary|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 May 2015}}</ref>

Mumbai's innings began with opener [[Parthiv Patel]] being dismissed [[run out]] for a [[duck (cricket)|duck]] in the first over.<ref name=card/> [[Rohit Sharma]] then joined [[Lendl Simmons]] at the crease and started aggressively, scoring 16 runs from the second over by [[Mohit Sharma]].<ref name=report/> The duo of Simmons and Sharma continued to attack the Super Kings bowlers with the former reaching his sixth half-century of the season.<ref name=report/> [[Dwayne Bravo]] was introduced into the attack in the 12th over and Sharma was dismissed soon after completing his fifty which had come off just 24 balls.<ref name=report/> [[Dwayne Smith]] then claimed the wicket of Simmons in the first ball of the following over, which was also Smith's first ball of the season.<ref name=report/> Mumbai were at 120 for 3 in the 13th over, before [[Kieron Pollard]] and [[Ambati Rayudu]] struck boundaries at regular intervals, with the former striking three sixes and a four in the 17th over by [[Ashish Nehra]].<ref name=report/> Their partnership had reached 71 runs in less than seven overs<ref>{{cite web|title=Sharma, Simmons fifties power MI to 202/5|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/sports/sharma-simmons-fifties-power-mi-to-2025/article7241654.ece|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> before Mohit Sharma dismissed Pollard off the final ball of the 19th over.<ref name=card/> Mumbai lost [[Hardik Pandya]] for a duck in the final over, but were able to post 202 for 5 by the end of their innings.<ref name=card/> This was the second 200-plus total in an IPL final.<ref name=report/>

Chennai's run-chase got off to a slow start as Smith was struggling to time the ball.<ref name=report/> [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] dismissed [[Michael Hussey]] in the fifth over for 4.<ref name=card/> [[Suresh Raina]] then arrived at the crease and Smith started to score boundaries. Their partnership had reached 66 runs and was broken when [[Harbhajan Singh]] dismissed Smith for 57 in the 12th over.<ref name=card/> Harbhajan got the wicket Raina in his next over,<ref name=report/> after which Chennai lost a wicket in each of their following five overs with the required run rate increasing after every over.<ref name=card/> McClenaghan and [[Lasith Malinga]] bowled economically in each of their four overs and had figures of 3 for 25 and 2 for 25 respectively.<ref name=card/> [[Ravindra Jadeja]] and Mohit Sharma added 24 runs for the ninth wicket but their 20 overs ended 41 runs short of the target.<ref name=card/>

===Summary===
It was Mumbai's second IPL title, making them the third team after the Super Kings and [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] to have won the IPL title more than once.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai Indians are IPL 2015 winners as they lift second IPL title with a 41 run win over Chennai Super Kings|url=http://www.india.com/indian-premier-league-2015/mumbai-indians-are-ipl-2015-winners-as-they-lift-second-ipl-title-with-a-41-run-win-over-chennai-super-kings-395784/|publisher=india.com|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref> Rohit Sharma was awarded man of the match for his 26-ball 50. With 26 wickets in the tournament, Bravo finished as the leading wicket-taker and won the Purple Cap for the second time after the [[2013 Indian Premier League#Most wickets|2013 season]].{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} Mumbai won a prize money of {{INR}}15 crore for becoming the champions, while runners-up Chennai were awarded {{INR}}10 crore. Chennai also won the [[Fly Kingfisher Fair Play Award|Fair Play Award]], while Mumbai were at the bottom of this table.<ref>{{cite web|title=No stopping the Mumbai Indians juggernaut|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/ipl/ipl-2015-final-csk-vs-mumbai-indians/article7241538.ece|publisher=The Hindu|access-date=25 May 2015}}</ref>

==Scorecard==
{{plainlist|
* '''On-field umpires:''' [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Richard Illingworth]] (Eng)

* '''TV umpire:''' [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)

* '''Reserve umpire:''' [[C. K. Nandan]] (Ind)

* '''Match referee:''' [[Ranjan Madugalle]] (SL)
}}

'''Toss:''' Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field.

{{Cricket match batting box begin|title=[[Mumbai Indians]] innings<ref name=card/>}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Lendl Simmons]]|status=b Smith|runs=68|balls=45|4s=8|6s=3|strike_rate=151.11}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Parthiv Patel]]†|status=run out (du Plessis)|runs=0|balls=3|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rohit Sharma]]*|status=c Jadeja b Bravo|runs=50|balls=26|4s=6|6s=2|strike_rate=192.30}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Kieron Pollard]]|status=c Raina b M Sharma|runs=36|balls=18|4s=2|6s=3|strike_rate=200.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ambati Rayudu]]|status=not out|runs=36|balls=24|4s=0|6s=3|strike_rate=150.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Hardik Pandya]]|status=c Raina b Bravo|runs=0|balls=2|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Harbhajan Singh]]|status=not out|runs=6|balls=3|4s=0|6s=1|strike_rate=200.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jagadeesha Suchith]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Vinay Kumar]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Lasith Malinga]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mitchell McClenaghan]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(b 1, lb 4, nb 1)|runs=6|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(5 wickets; 20 overs)|runs='''202'''|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Fall of wickets:''' 1–1 (Patel, 0.5 ov), 2–120 (Sharma, 11.6 ov), 3–120 (Simmons, 12.1 ov), 4–191 (Pollard, 18.5 ov), 5–191 (Pandya, 19.2 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title=[[Chennai Super Kings]] bowling<ref name=card/>}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ashish Nehra]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=41|wickets=0|econ=10.25 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mohit Sharma]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=38|wickets=1|econ=9.50 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]|overs=2|maiden=0|runs=21|wickets=0|econ=10.50 |wides=0 |no-balls=1}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravindra Jadeja]]|overs=2|maiden=0|runs=26|wickets=0|econ=13.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Pawan Negi]]|overs=2|maiden=0|runs=18|wickets=1|econ=9.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Dwayne Bravo]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=36|wickets=2|econ=9.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Dwayne Smith]]|overs=2|maiden=0|runs=17|wickets=1|econ=8.50 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

{{Cricket match batting box begin|title=[[Chennai Super Kings]] innings<ref name=card/>}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Dwayne Smith]]|status=lbw b Harbhajan Singh|runs=57|balls=48|4s=9|6s=1|strike_rate=118.75}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Michael Hussey]]|status=c Suchith b McClenaghan|runs=4|balls=9|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=44.44}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Suresh Raina]]|status=st †Patel b Harbhajan Singh|runs=28|balls=19|4s=3|6s=1|strike_rate=147.36}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]*†|status=b Malinga|runs=18|balls=13|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=138.46}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Dwayne Bravo]]|status=c Simmons b McClenaghan|runs=9|balls=6|4s=0|6s=1|strike_rate=150.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Pawan Negi]]|status=c Pandya b Malinga|runs=3|balls=5|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=60.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Faf du Plessis]]|status=c R Sharma b Kumar|runs=1|balls=3|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=33.33}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravindra Jadeja]]|status=not out|runs=11|balls=8|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=137.50}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]|status=c Suchith b McClenaghan|runs=2|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=50.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mohit Sharma]]|status=not out|runs=21|balls=7|4s=1|6s=2|strike_rate=300.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ashish Nehra]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(lb 2, w 3, nb 2)|runs=7|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(8 wickets; 20 overs)|runs='''161'''|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Fall of wickets:''' 1–22 (Hussey, 4.4 ov), 2–88 (Smith, 11.5 ov), 3–99 (Raina, 13.3 ov), 4–108 (Bravo, 14.3 ov), 5–124 (Dhoni, 15.5 ov), 6–125 (du Plessis, 16.2 ov), 7–134 (Negi, 17.3 ov), 8–137 (Ashwin, 18.2 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title=[[Mumbai Indians]] bowling<ref name=card/>}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Lasith Malinga]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=25|wickets=2|econ=6.25 |wides=1 |no-balls=1}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mitchell McClenaghan]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=25|wickets=3|econ=6.25 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Vinay Kumar]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=39|wickets=1|econ=9.75 |wides=1 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Hardik Pandya]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=36|wickets=0|econ=9.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=1}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Harbhajan Singh]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=34|wickets=2|econ=8.50 |wides=1 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

==See also==
* [[Chennai Super Kings–Mumbai Indians rivalry]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.iplt20.com/match/2015/60 Match scorecard on official IPL website]

{{Indian Premier League}}

[[Category:2015 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2015 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League finals]]

Chhau dance

2026-01-13T09:13:53Z

AhmadFosbery49: brief rework page as per guidelines and updated info

#REDIRECT [[Chhau]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Zoram Thar

2026-01-04T20:13:49Z

AhmadFosbery49: correct details for consistency and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2017}}
'''Zoram Thar''' (New Mizoram) was an [[Evangelism|Evangelist]] [[political party]] in [[Mizoram]], [[India]]. The president of Zoram Thar was V. L. Nithanga.

Zoram Thar contested the 1998 state assembly elections together with [[Zoram Nationalist Party|Mizo National Front (Nationalist)]] and [[Citizens Common Front]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1524/15240370.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-08-07 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011230184353/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1524/15240370.htm |archive-date=2001-12-30 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Political parties with year of establishment missing]]

{{india-party-stub}}

Usha International

2025-12-31T07:38:22Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating A Post Needs Work

{{short description|Indian consumer durables company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Usha International Limited
| logo = USHA Logo.pdf
| type = Private
| founded = 1934
| founder = Sir Shri Lala Shriram
| hq_location = Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| products = Sewing Machines, Fans, Cooking Appliances, Room Heaters, Water Heaters, Irons, Auto Components and Lighting
| website = https://www.usha.com/
}}

'''USHA International''' is a privately held Indian consumer durables company based in Gurugram, Haryana. Founded in 1934 by ''[[Lala Shri Ram]]'', the company's manufacturing capacity has diverged into a wide range of products including sewing machines, fans, kitchen appliances, water coolers, heaters, and lighting. After Lala Shri Ram, the company was led by Charat Ram, followed by Siddharth Shriram, and is currently led by Krishna Shriram. The brand has a pan-India presence with multiple branches, offices and company stores in the country.The brand's ceiling fans and water heaters are widely used across Indian households, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tier-II and tier-III cities to drive fan industry growth |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/tier-ii-and-tier-iii-cities-to-drive-fan-industry-growth/article30725888.ece |work=The Hindu BusinessLine |date=3 Feb 2020 |access-date=5 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why tier-2 cities are the new growth engines for home appliance brands |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/why-tier-2-cities-are-the-new-growth-engines-for-home-appliance-brands-1845765-2021-08-26 |work=India Today |date=26 Aug 2021 |access-date=5 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Home appliance companies expand footprint in tier-II, tier-III markets |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/home-appliance-companies-expand-footprint-in-tier-ii-tier-iii-markets/2220171/ |work=Financial Express |date=10 March 2021 |access-date=5 July 2025}}</ref>
== History ==
Usha International has its roots in Jay Engineering, a trading company founded in 1937 by Lala Shriram, that began assembling and selling sewing machines in India. Thereafter the brand added fans to its portfolio in 1944. Over the last nine decades, Usha has diversified its product range to include a wide array of consumer durables offering sewing machines, fans, kitchen appliances, fabric care, water coolers, auto components and lighting (via a sister brand named TISVA).

== ''Partnerships – Past and Current'' ==
USHA International has formed strategic partnerships with several companies, including:

* '''[[Janome]]-''' USHA's partnership with Janome Corporation began in 1993 when it first started marketing Janome sewing machines in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Excelsior |first=Daily |date=2022-03-31 |title=Usha International signs next 20-year agreement with Janome Corporation |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/usha-international-signs-next-20-year-agreement-with-janome-corporation/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''[https://www.hunterfan.com/ Hunter]-''' USHA's partnership with Hunter Fan Company dates back to the year 2001. Both brands came together to provide a premium range of fans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baxi |first=Amitabh |date=2002-06-02 |title=Usha unveils premium fans in Indian mkt |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/usha-unveils-premium-fans-in-indian-mkt/articleshow/11700020.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* '''[[Honeywell]]-''' USHA partnered with Honeywell in 2012 to launch a range of internationally designed evaporative room air coolers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-13 |title=Usha Honeywell launches evaporative room air coolers |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/launch-pad/story/usha-honeywell-coolers-29774-2012-06-13 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
* '''[[Honda]]-''' USHA's relationship with Honda goes back to 1985 when Honda Siel Power Products (formerly Shriram Honda Power Equipment Ltd) was started as a joint venture (JV) between Honda and USHA International. The venture was later ended in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-11 |title=Honda Siel buys out Usha International Ltd from India JV |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/honda-siel-buys-out-usha-international-ltd-from-india-jv/articleshow/15443155.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-01 |title=Honda, Usha International terminate power products joint venture |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/honda-usha-international-terminate-power-products-joint-venture/articleshow/74933906.cms?from=mdr) |access-date=2024-06-29 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* [https://www.rinnai.co.jp/en/ '''Rinnai Corporation'''] (Storage Water Heaters)
* '''[[Midea Group|Midea]]''' (Home Appliances)

== [[USHA Initiatives]] ==
Usha, through the Usha Silai School program, has been able to reach out to thousands of women across the country and help them empower themselves. Besides the Silai School initiative, Usha has been supporting and promoting various sporting activities across rural, national and international events.

=== [[Silai School]] ===
The USHA Silai School is a [[self-employment]] model where women are trained in sewing. This enables the trained women to earn by setting up their own business, teach sewing to other women in their rural areas also by providing sewing machine maintenance services. USHA, in collaboration with local [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]], have set up these schools in remote rural areas, fostering a network of self-reliant women entrepreneurs. To date, over 1,350,000 learners have been trained with 35,673 Silai Schools across India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kushalta Ke Kadam Campaign with NDTV – NDTV Special Projects |url=https://special.ndtv.com/kushalta-ke-kadam-12/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=special.ndtv.com }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
Under the initiative of Usha Play, the brand focuses on promoting traditional sports by supporting regional and hyper-local sports events. In addition, it also supports national and international leagues and sporting activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Komal Mehra, Usha International: Our Disc Grant Program empowers underprivileged youth, fostering health, inclusivity, and positive social change in diverse communities |url=https://thecsruniverse.com/articles/interview-with-komal-mehra-usha-international-our-disc-grant-program-empowers-underprivileged-youth-fostering-health-inclusivity-and-positive-social-change-in-diverse-communities |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=The CSR Universe |language=en}}</ref> USHA has been partnering with the Mumbai Indians cricket team in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), and the Women's Premiere League (WPL).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-23 |title=Usha International extends its partnership with Mumbai Indians for 2024 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/mktg/usha-international-extends-its-partnership-with-mumbai-indians-for-2024 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref> Usha also focuses on other indigenous sports like Turai Kar, Mardani Khel, Karra and Kathi Samu, Kalari Payattu, to name a few. In addition, Usha has also been supporting the Ladies Amateur Open Golf over many years.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Companies based in Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1934]]

Karnataka State Election Commission

2025-12-03T01:49:30Z

AhmadFosbery49:

{{Short description|Electoral agency of Karnataka, India}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Karnataka State Election Commission
| nativename ='''ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಚುನಾವಣಾ ಆಯೋಗ'''
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| type =State Election Commission Body
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal = File:Seal of Karnataka.svg
| seal_width =200px
| seal_caption =Seal of Karnataka
| formed = {{start date and years ago|1993|05|26|df=y|p=y}}<ref name=":0"/>
| preceding1 =Mysuru State Election Commission
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Karnataka]]
| headquarters =[[Bengaluru]]
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| minister2_name =
| minister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = G.S.Sangreshi,.<ref name="ksec ref8">{{cite web |title=Karnataka State Election Commission |url=https://karsec.gov.in/SECWEB/AboutUs.aspx |website=karsec.gov.in |access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref>
| chief1_position =Chief Election Commissioner
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department = [[Election Commission of India]]
| parent_agency =
| website = {{URL|https://karsec.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Karnataka State Election Commission''' is an State Constitutional body constituted in [[India]]n state of [[Karnataka]] for ensuring that [[Elections in Karnataka|elections]] in are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. [[Constitution of India]] with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of [[States Election Commission (India)|State Election Commissions]]. Karnataka State Election Commission came into existence with the promulgation of 73rd and 74th amendment to the Constitution of India on 26 May 1993 with an objective of superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and to conduct all elections to the [[Municipal governance in India|Urban Local Bodies]] and Rural local bodies like [[Municipality|Municipalities]], [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporations]], [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]s and any other specified by [[Election Commission of India]]. Karnataka State Election Commissioner is appointed by [[Governor (India)|Governor]] of Karnataka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Karnataka State Election Commission|url=https://karsec.gov.in/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=karsec.gov.in}}</ref>

== History and administration ==

Karnataka State Election Commission was formed in accordance with powers of Election Commission of India, which was constituted in year 1950<ref name="sec ref1">{{cite news |title=WHAT IS ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA (ECI)? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/what-is-election-commission-of-india#collapse |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=Business Standard India}}</ref> to supervise state level elections.<ref name="sec ref3">{{cite news |title=State election panels: Independent of central EC, with similar powers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/state-election-panels-independent-of-central-ec-with-similar-powers-5132220/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> State election commissioner is appointed by Governor.<ref name="sec ref2">{{cite news |title=India Code: Section Details |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_18_21_00005_199426_1517807320414&sectionId=42788&sectionno=98&orderno=98 |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=www.indiacode.nic.in}}</ref><ref name="sec ref6">{{cite news |title=State Election Commissioner Conditions of Service Rules, 1994 |url=http://www.bareactslive.com/HRY/HL534.HTM |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=www.bareactslive.com |archive-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206113835/http://www.bareactslive.com/HRY/HL534.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref> To ensure the autonomy of the position, the Karnataka state election commissioner cannot be removed from office except on the grounds and manner specified for [[judge]] of [[High courts of India|High Court]].

== Powers and responsibilities ==

Karnataka States Election Commissioner is responsible for the following:<ref name="sec ref1" /><ref name="sec ref7">{{cite news |title=Election Commission directs all state electoral officers to immediately redress all pending voter applications |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/election-commission-directs-state-electoral-officers-immediately-redress-pending-voter-applications-1503026387.html |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=The Statesman |date=23 November 2021}}</ref>

* Releasing election schedule.<ref name="ksec ref5">{{cite news |title=Karnataka state election commission postpones gram panchayat polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bengaluru/karnataka-state-election-commission-postpones-gram-panchayat-polls/story-PXLU10zaoOzjbeviY1YBCL.html |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=28 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issue notification containing guidelines for conducting elections for Municipal Corporations in State.
* Conducting elections for Municipal Corporations in State.
* Issue notification containing guidelines for conducting elections for conducting elections for Municipal panchayats in State.
* Conducting elections for Municipal panchayats in State.<ref name="ksec ref4">{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Madhu |title=Karnataka State Election Commission postpones gram panchayat polls |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/karnataka-state-election-commission-gram-panchayat-polls-postpones-621442 |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=indiatvnews.com |date=29 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ksec ref6">{{cite news |title=BJP-backed Candidates Lead Karnataka Gram Panchayat Polls, Secure 4,228 Seats So Far |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/karnataka-gram-panchayat-election-results-2020-live-updates-karsec-5728-vote-counting-local-bodies-bsy-bidar-3227870.html |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=News18 |date=30 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* Laying guidelines for persons eligible to contest in elections for Municipal Corporations in State.
* Conducting elections for Municipal panchayats in State.<ref name="kec ref2">{{cite news |last1=Moudgal |first1=eep |title=Karnataka: Amid fears of Covid-19 clusters, SEC announces polls to 60 urban local bodies {{!}} Bengaluru News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-amid-fears-of-covid-19-clusters-sec-announces-polls-to-60-urban-local-bodies/articleshow/87982944.cms |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=29 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Model code of conduct are following in elections for local bodies.
* Updating Electoral rolls with new additions.
* Updating Electoral rolls with removals, if any.
* Declaration of results of elections held for Municipal Corporations in State.
* Declaration of results of elections held for Municipal panchayats in State.
* Ordering repoll if needed.
* Making arrangements for Statewide polls.
* Monitoring poll expenditure for Panchayat polls.
* Laying guidelines for issue of opinion polls.
* Decision on conducting elections.
* Declaring results of local body polls.
* Municipal and Panchayat constituencies delimitation exercise.<ref name="kec ref1">{{cite news |title=Karnataka to set up commission to redraw ZP, TP constituencies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-to-set-up-commission-to-redraw-zp-tp-constituencies/article36300304.ece |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=The Hindu |date=5 September 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="kec ref3">{{cite news |title=A ruse to put off local body elections |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/second-edit/a-ruse-to-put-off-local-body-elections-1030799.html |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Countermanding elections in case of mal practices.<ref name="ksec ref7">{{cite news |title=Karnataka State Election Commission countermands 13 gram panchayat seats over auctioning – Mysuru Today |url=https://citytoday.news/karnataka-state-election-commission-countermands-13-gram-panchayat-seats-over-auctioning/ |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=citytoday.news |date=19 December 2020}}</ref>

== Composition ==

Karnataka State Election Commission is headed by Chief Election Commissioner and as many members as specified in State Act. State Election Commissioners are independent persons not holding position or office in any Central or State Government organisations<ref name="sec ref5">{{cite news |title=State election commissioners should be independent, says SC |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/state-election-commissioners-should-be-independent-says-sc/cid/1809411 |publisher=www.telegraphindia.com |date=13 March 2021}}</ref>

Sri Dr B.Basavaraju, I.A.S., Retd., is the Chief Election Commissioner of Karnataka State Election Commission.<ref name="ksec ref8" /> His period of service will be 5 years or attaining an age of 65 years whichever is earlier.

== Constitutional requirements ==

Karnataka State Election Commission was formed after amendment of Constitution with 73rd and 74th declaration.<ref name="sec ref4">{{cite news |title=India State Election - Find information of all State elections in India |url=https://www.elections.in/state-elections.html |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref> State Election Commissions were formed as per Article 243K of the Constitution, similar to setting up of Election commission of India as per Article 324.<ref name="sec ref3" />

== See also ==

[[Election Commission of India]].

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://karsec.gov.in/ Official Website]

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:State election commissioners of India]]
[[Category:Local elections in Karnataka]]

Shakti (sage)

2025-11-16T06:22:00Z

AhmadFosbery49: Page updated with additional details

{{Short description|Ancient Hindu sage}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Shakti
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| children = [[Parashara]]
| spouse = Adrushyanti<ref>{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=wR_kAAAAMAAJ&q=Adrushyanti | title = Wife of Sakti Maharsi| isbn = 9788185080987| last1 = Bhiḍe| first1 = Śrīpāda Raghunātha| year = 1996}}</ref>
| father = [[Vasishtha]]
|mother = [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]]
}}
In [[Hinduism]], '''Shakti''' was a [[rishi]] (sage) and son of [[Vashistha]] and Arundhati. He was the father of [[Parashara]], mentioned in the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''.

There is a legend found in ''Mahabharata'' about Shakti. Once King [[Kalmashapada]], going hunting, killed many animals. Tired and being hungry and thirsty, he was proceeding through the woods. On the way, Shakti came on the same path, from the opposite direction. The King ordered him to get out of his way. The Rishi addressed the King sweetly and said "O king, this is my way". In accordance with duty and tradition, a king should always make way for [[Brahmin]]s. The king persisted in acting like a Rakshasa (demon). The Rishi cursed the king thus: "O worst of the worst kings, since thou persecutest an ascetic, like a Rakshasa, thou shalt from this day, became a Rakshasa subsisting on human flesh! Henceforth, O worst of kings! thou shalt wander over the earth, affecting human form!".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeW8AgAAQBAJ&q=shakti&pg=PP9|title=Vashista|author1=N. RANGANATHA SHARMA|date=9 January 2014|website=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|author2=Litent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jg9uAAAAMAAJ&q=sakti|title=Immortal India|last=|first=|website=|year=1991|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

He was the grandfather of [[Vyasa]], author of the Indian [[Epic poetry|epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]''.{{cn|date=November 2022}}

== Death ==
Cursed thus by Rishi Shakti, the Rakshasa(demon) first killed and swallowed Shakti himself. After that, Kalmasapada ate successively all the 100 sons of Maharshi Vasistha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a dictionary with special reference to epic and Puranic literature|last=|first=|date=1975|website=archive.org|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{HinduMythology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sakti Maharsi}}
[[Category:Rishis]]

{{Hindu-bio-stub}}

Chapchâr Kût

2025-10-26T11:18:21Z

AhmadFosbery49: new entry

{{Short description|Mizo New Year festival}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} Mizo New Year
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Chapchar Kut 2023.jpg
| photo2b = Cheraw Mizoram.jpg
| photo2a = Performance Chapchar Kut 2025.jpg
| photo3a =
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
}}
| caption = '''Clockwise from the top:''' {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} 2023 celebration in [[Aizawl]], {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} 2025 celebrations in [[Lunglei]], [[Cheraw dance]] in [[New Delhi]].
| significance = Marking the end of the Jhum cultivation month
| nickname = Spring Festival, Mizo New Year
| observedby = [[Mizo people]] all around the world
| type = Cultural
| frequency = Annual
| date = First Friday of March
| longtype = [[Mizo culture|Cultural]]
| relatedto =
| celebrations =
}}
The '''{{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}}''' is a festival of [[Mizoram]], India.<ref name="Barthakur2003">{{cite book|last=Barthakur|first=Dilip Ranjan|title=The Music And Musical Instruments Of North Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP4vH-4oSEcC&pg=PA55|access-date=8 August 2012|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-881-5|page=55}}</ref> {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} was originally celebrated to thank the gods for saving the people from harm during the clearing of forest on hill slopes for [[jhum cultivation]] at the beginning of a year.<ref name="lal"/>

==Origins and history==
{{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} is estimated to have started in 1450–1700 A.D. in a village called Seipui. The festival apparently originated when the hunters came back to the village empty handed, to make up for the disappointment, the Village chief proposed an impromptu feast with rice beer and meat.
Since then, every year the festival had been repeated by the village of Seipui and spread on to other villages.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE ORIGIN OF THE CHAPCHAR KUT |url=http://mizoram.nic.in/about/oriofchapcharkut.htm |website=mizoram.nic.in |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
{{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} was first revived in 1962 on a grand scale in [[Aizawl]], however it was discouraged when it was felt that it did not adhere to [[Christianity|Christian]] values and rekindling the pre Christian cultural practices like drinking of rice beer, however, it was continued in 1973 on a mass scale sans animistic practice and [[cheraw dance]].<ref name="Origin of Chapchar Kut">{{cite web|last=Thanzawna|title=Origin of Chapchar Kut|url=http://www.mizoram.nic.in/about/oriofchapcharkut.htm|publisher=Mizoram.nic.in|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-date=2 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402131327/http://mizoram.nic.in/about/oriofchapcharkut.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Even the Church which had been critical of the festival no longer objected to the festival as it felt that traditional culture was disappearing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pachuau |first1=Joy |title=The Camera as Witness |date=13 April 2015 |publisher=Cambridge |isbn=9781107073395 |pages=275–276}}</ref> {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} is now held annually in the Month of March. People dance, perform skits, play musical instruments to celebrate their beloved festival with the aims of bringing camaraderie among the people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chapchar Kut: The Festival of Bonhomie |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/chapchar-kut-the-festival-of-bonhomie/ |website=The Northeast Today |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>

==Celebration==
[[File:Chapchar Kut cheraw dance 2014.webm|thumb|upright=0.8|{{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} [[cheraw dance]], Mizoram, 2014]]
[[File:Cheraw jampui.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Cheraw dance]] is performed during {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}}]]
Oral traditions say {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} was first celebrated in Seipui village in adjoining Myanmar that has a sizeable population of Mizos and their ethnic cousins. {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} used to be celebrated to thank the gods for saving the people from harm during the clearing of forest on hill slopes for jhum cultivation at the beginning of a year. The festival used to be observed with a lot of drinking and eating. On the first night the young men and women would dance all night. The women would come dressed wearing a Vakiria. Chai dance has its origins in this festival.<ref name="lal">{{cite book |last1=LALTHANGLIANA |first1=B |title=Culture and folklore of Mizoram |date=8 December 2023 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=9788123026589 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Of88DwAAQBAJ&q=chapchar+kut&pg=PT156 |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref>
Today, the festival is observed in the last part of February or the early part of March when the trees and bamboos felled for jhum are left to dry and the shifting cultivators have time to relax and enjoy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hindustan Times|title=Egged on: Mizoram festival revives pre-Christian custom|date=8 March 2016 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/egged-on-mizoram-festival-revives-pre-christian-custom/story-e6aDSthhn8K6hFP2GeblvM.html|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

The Main activities which are done during the {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} are:
* Chhawnghnawh – The Mizo custom of playfully stuffing a boiled eggs into each other's mouths.<ref>{{cite web |title=Call to promote Mizo moral code and tradition |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/call-to-promote-mizo-moral-code-and-tradition.html |website=nenow |date=7 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* Dance – [[Cheraw dance]] is the Main dance but other dances performed during the festival are Khuallam, Chheihlam, Chai and Sarlamkai<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram celebrates its biggest festival 'Chapchar Kut' |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/mizoram/2020/03/06/mizoram-celebrates-its-biggest-festival-chapchar-kut |website=eastmojo |date=6 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* Music and Singing - Both traditional and Modern
* Arts, craft and Photo Exhibition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram: Chapchar Kut celebration underway |url=https://morungexpress.com/mizoram-chapchar-kut-celebration-underway |website=Morung Express |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* {{lang|lus|Chapchâr Kût}} run.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram all set to celebrate Chapchar Kut on Feb 28 & March 1 |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2019/02/26/mizoram-all-set-to-celebrate-chapchar-kut-on-feb-28-march-1 |website=eastmojo |date=26 February 2019 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* Mizo Traditional Games and costume parade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram all set for Chapchar Kut festival |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/mizoram-all-set-for-chapchar-kut-festival/cid/1442360 |website=Telegraph India |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* Wearing of Traditional dress at work places.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram to celebrate Chapchar Kut on March 6 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/mizoram-to-celebrate-chapchar-kut-on-march-6.html |website=nenow |date=15 January 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
* Stalls with Etnnic cuisine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chapchar Kut' festival celebrated with cultural fervour across Mizoram |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/chapchar-kut-festival-celebrated-with-cultural-fervour-across-mizoram-118030900556_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Festivals in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Spring festivals in India]]
[[Category:March]]
[[Category:Culture of Mizoram]]

Tatyana Shaumyan

2025-10-20T02:26:26Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Initial Entry Basic Info...

{{Short description|Russian scholar}}
{{Family name hatnote|Lvovna|[[Shaumyan (surname)|Shaumyan]]|lang=East Slavic}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|01|11}}
| citizenship = [[Russia]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2022)
}}
'''Tatyana Lvovna Shaumyan''' ({{Langx|ru|Татьяна Львовна Шаумян}}; born 11 January 1938) is a Soviet and Russian [[Oriental studies|orientalist]]. She is the head of the Center for Indian Studies at the [[Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences|Institute of Oriental Studies]] of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-10 |title=Институт Востоковедения Российской Академии Наук |url=http://www.ivran.ru/institute-structure/scientific-centers/42-indianc |access-date=2025-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910134922/http://www.ivran.ru/institute-structure/scientific-centers/42-indianc |archive-date=10 September 2011 }}</ref> Her research interests include international relations in South and Central Asia and Far East in 20-21st century and India's foreign policy.<ref name="shaumyaninion32">{{cite web|url=http://www.old.inion.ru/Indo/she.htm|title=Шаумян Татьяна Львовна|work=REA Sosial Elmlər Elmi İnformasiya İnstitutu|accessdate=2012-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716010859/http://www.old.inion.ru/Indo/she.htm|archivedate=2017-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> She was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian award of India,<ref>{{Cite web |date={{date|2022|01|25}} |title=Padma Awards 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1792640 |access-date={{TODAY}} |website=Press Information Bureau - Government of India}}</ref> by the Government of India in 2022, for fostering [[India–Russia relations]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian Prof Tatiana Shaumyan conferred with Padma Shri award for contribution to literature, education |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/russian-prof-tatiana-shaumyan-conferred-with-padma-shri-award-for-contribution-to-literature-education20220126024119/ |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313113301/https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/russian-prof-tatiana-shaumyan-conferred-with-padma-shri-award-for-contribution-to-literature-education20220126024119/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Tatyana was born into the family of soviet scientist and journalist [[Lev Shaumyan|Lev Stepanovich Shaumyan]]. Her grandfather, [[Stepan Shaumian|Stepan Shaumyan]], was one of the [[26 Baku Commissars|26 Baku commissars]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-27 |title=Бакинцы недосчитались комиссаров |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/Doc-y/1108761 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123174807/https://www.kommersant.ru/Doc-y/1108761 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Tatyana graduated from the Department of History from Moscow State University. In the same year, she entered the Institute of Asian Peoples of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences). In 1966, she defended her PhD thesis in history titled ''Russia and Tibet at the beginning of'' ''20th century''.<ref name="shaumyaninion32" /> Since 2001, she is the head of the Center for Indian Studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences,<ref name="ucoz2">{{cite web|url=http://zii.ucoz.ru/index/0-28|title=История Центра индийских исследований|publisher=Центр индийских исследований Института востоковедения РАН|accessdate=2012-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305143412/http://zii.ucoz.ru/index/0-28|archivedate=2016-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> where she also serves as the head of the Contemporary Problems Sector.

She is a member of the editorial staff of the magazine "Asia and Africa Today".{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

=== Memberships ===
* Deputy Head, Indo-Russian Joint Commission on Cooperation in Social Sciences
* Member, the Scientific Council under the Security Council of Russian Federation (RF)
* Member, Advisory Council on International Affairs of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the RF
* Member, National Committee on BRICS Studies

== Selected publications ==
{{refbegin}}
* ''Russia, Great Britain and Tibet in the Great Game''. By Tatyana Shaumyan. Moscow, 2017. 205 p. (In Russian).
* ''Tibet: The Great Game and Tsarist Russia''. By Tatyana Shaumyan. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000. 223 p. (In English).
* ''The Image of Russia in India: Past and Present''. By Tatyana Shaumyan, et al. Moscow, 2011. (In Russian).
* "Human Rights in the Context of Inter-civilizational Contacts." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Peoples of Eurasia: The Problem of Inter-civilizational Contacts'', 142–176. Moscow, 2005. (In Russian).
* ''Russia and Tibet: Russian Archive Documents, 1900-1914''. Edited by Tatyana Shaumyan. Moscow, 2005. (Introduction by T. Shaumyan). (In Russian).
* "Indo-Pak Armed Conflict in Kargil: Causes and Consequences." By Tatyana Shaumyan. ''Himalayan and Central Asian Studies'' (New Delhi) 4, no. 2 (April-June 2000). (In English).
* "The Russian ‘Threat’ to British India: Tibetan Angle." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Indian History: A Russian Viewpoint'', edited by Ye. Vanina. Delhi: Pragati, 2003. (In English).
* "The Himalayan Frontiers of China." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Frontiers of China: History of Formation''. Moscow, 2001. (In Russian).
* "Regional Problems of Non-proliferation: South Asia." By Tatyana Shaumyan, et al. In ''Nuclear Weapons after the Cold War''. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center / R. Elnin Publishing House, 2008. (In Russian).
* "The Changing Geopolitical Situation in Central Asia and China, Russia and India." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Russia, India and China Interaction in XXI century: Problems, Perspectives and Directions'', Vol. 2, 46–55. Moscow, 2004. (In Russian).
* "Environmental Problems: Possibilities for Trilateral Cooperation." By Tatyana Shaumyan. ''China Report'' (New Delhi) 43, no. 2 (April-June 2007): 195–201. (In English).
* "Security Issues: SCO and India." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''SCO: New Dimensions'', 302–328. Moscow: Institute of Far Eastern Studies, 2008. (In Russian).
* "USSR/Russia Political Support of India in International Arena during the Cold War." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''To India of Spirituality…Felicitating Volume on the 70th Birthday of Prof. R. Rybakov'', 440–453. Moscow, 2008. (In Russian).
* "The Tibet Question in 1907: Anglo-Russian Convention." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Euroasian Vision: Felicitating Volume on the 70th Birthday of Prof. Devendra Kaushik'', edited by Mahavir Singh and Victor Krassilchtchikov, 295–306. New Delhi: Anamika Publishers, 2003. (In English).
* "Tibet in Soviet Studies." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Eurasia Twenty Years After'', 62–77. Kolkata: Maulana Abdul Kalam Institute of Asian Studies / Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2012. (In English).
* "Jammu and Kashmir Problem." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Ethnicity and Religion in Modern Conflicts'', edited by V.A. Tishkov and V.A. Shnirelman, 522–572. Moscow: Nauka, 2012. (In Russian).
* ''Political Systems of South Asian Countries''. By Tatyana Shaumyan. Moscow: URSS, 2014. 176 p. (In Russian).
* "Russia Seeks to Revive the Primakov Triangle with India and China." By Tatyana Shaumyan. ''Global Dialogue Review'' (New Delhi) 3, no. 4 (October-December 2015): 12–20. (In English).
* "India in Regional and Global Context." By Tatyana Shaumyan. In ''Proceedings of the VIII Convent of the Russian International Studies Association (RISA-2015)'', 148–159. Moscow: MGIMO-University, 2015. ISBN 978-5-9228-1368-6. (In Russian).
{{refend}}

Sources: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Institute of Oriental Studies RAS - Persons |url=https://www.ivran.ru/en/persons/TatianaShaumian |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.ivran.ru |archive-date=2025-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516112623/https://ivran.ru/en/persons/TatianaShaumian |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]
[[Category:Orientalists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Central Tiffin Room

2025-10-14T21:14:35Z

AhmadFosbery49: new new stub...

{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox restaurant
| embed =
| name = Central Tiffin room
| title = 
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| slogan =
| established = 1920s
| closed = 
| current_owner = Sanjeeva S Poojari
| previous_owner = Y.V. Subramanyam (founder)
| head_chef =
| chef =
| pastry_chef =
| food_type = [[South Indian]]
| dress_code =
| rating =
| street_address = Malleshwaram and Terminal 2, Kempegowda International Airport
| city = Bengaluru
| county =
| state = Karnataka
| postcode = 
| country = India
| coordinates = 
| seating_capacity = 52
| reservations =
| other_label = 
| other_information =
| website = 
}}

'''Central Tiffin Room''' (CTR) or Sri Sagar Hotel is a heritage restaurant in northwest [[Bangalore]] established in the 1920s by Y.V. Subramanyam. It is notable for its [[Masala Dosa]]s that come in butter and non butter variants. It is situated at the 7th Cross Road corner of Margosa Road, [[Malleshwaram]], opposite to the Malleshwaram Grounds.<ref name="perfect dosa">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2006/mar/20rest.htm | title=Yearning for the perfect dosa? | accessdate=2011-02-13 | date=2006-03-20 | work=Rediff.com}}</ref> Note that in India, the term "hotel" can often mean a restaurant.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carr |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QHjyuoqP80C&pg=PA125&dq=restaurants+are+called+hotels+in+india&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj799zPluOMAxXWweYEHfjkGhUQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=restaurants%20are%20called%20hotels%20in%20india&f=false |title=God Men Con Men |date=2003 |publisher=Smriti Books |isbn=978-81-87967-58-3 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

===Founders===

This hotel was started by Y.V. Subramanyam and brothers (Y.V. Srikanteshwaran, Y.V. Krishna Iyer and Y.V. Ramachandran) in the 1920s. They hailed from a village called Yelagondahalli, [[Mulbagal]] taluk, [[Kolar district]], whose residents are Ashtagrama Iyers of [[Kannada]] and [[Tamils|Tamil]] origin. It is recorded that during the visit by the [[Maharaja of Mysore]], Y.V. Subramanyam supplied and served breakfast in traditional attire.
They opened another hotel in Krishna Buildings, Avenue Road. This was a famous meeting place for writers and artists in the 1940s and 1950s, and its name is mentioned in many books and articles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=A bite of history |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/a-bite-of-history/article19593917.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905072901/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/a-bite-of-history/article19593917.ece |archive-date=2017-09-05 |access-date=2025-10-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> Y.V. Ramachandran, the youngest of the brothers, was a Freedom Fighter. Subramanyam was the founder president of the Bangalore Hoteliers Association in BVK Iyengar Road, which later became the Karnataka Hotel Owners Association. Changed circumstances in the huge joint family caused Subramanyam to sell his hotel in as is a condition in the mid-1950s. It is said the brothers passed on tips about preparations to the new owners along with advice to take care of workers by not overburdening them.

===Later owners===

It was established as Shree Sagar in 1950 by Raghavendra and the management was passed on to Ramakrishna Holla in 1952. In 1992, Sanjeeva S. Poojari purchased the restaurant and renamed it as Shri Sagar, formerly known as Central Tiffin Room (CTR). Today it is referred to by both names says Poojari<ref name="DNA">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_benne-masale-at-ctr-malleswaram-anyone_1361501 | title=Benne masala at CTR Malleswaram, anyone? | accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref>

The restaurant was renovated in 2011 to add more capacity.<ref name="Brew & Chew">{{cite web | url=https://brewchew.in/central-tiffin-room-ctr-shri-sagar-malleshwaram-review/ | title=Review of CTR | date=12 March 2012 }}</ref> It still has a vintage wall clock and rosewood furniture with Italian marble table tops.

In 2024, a new branch at the Terminal 2 of Bengaluru's Kempegowda International Airport was opened.

==Cuisine==
Sri Sagar serves only vegetarian food and is crowded for most of its operating hours.<ref>https://www.zomato.com/bangalore/ctr-shri-sagar-since-1920-malleshwaram-bangalore</ref>

==Awards==

It has won awards including the Times Food Guide "Best Benne Masala Dosa in Bangalore" and Burrp.com's "Best Benne Masala in Bangalore".<ref name="Dosa delight">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore-times/Dosa-lovers-delight/articleshow/503694338.cms | title=Dosa lover's delight | date=2002-01-25 | publisher=Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hotels in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 1950]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1950]]

Archdiocese of Hyderabad

2025-08-24T23:39:06Z

AhmadFosbery49: Page

{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{no footnotes|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Metropolitan Archdiocese
|name = Hyderabad
|latin = Archidioecesis Metropolitae Hyderabadensis
|image = File:Www.windiaw.com- (8239170270).jpg
|image_size =
|caption = St Joseph's Cathedral, Hyderabad
|country = {{flag|India}}
|province = Hyderabad
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = [[St Joseph's Cathedral, Hyderabad|St. Joseph’s Cathedral]]
|cocathedral =
| established ={{start date and age|df=yes|1851}}
|area_km2 = 25,319
|population = 13,195,000
|population_as_of = 2013
|catholics = 114,800
|catholics_percent= 0.9
| priests = 297
| parishes = 94
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|metro_archbishop = [[Anthony Poola]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|emeritus_bishops=
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hyderabad''' ({{langx|la| Hyderabaden(sis)}}) is an [[archdiocese]] located in the city of [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]] in India.

==History==
* 1851: Established as the [[Apostolic Vicariate]] of Hyderabad from the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Apostolic Vicariate of Madras]]
* 1 September 1886: Promoted as the Diocese of Hyderabad
* 19 September 1953: Promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Hyderabad

==Ordinaries==
===Archbishops of Hyderabad===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.No
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Name
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Joseph Mark Gopu]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 1953
| align="center" | 1971
|-
| 2
| [[Samineni Arulappa]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 1971
| align="center" | 2000
|-
| 3
| [[Marampudi Joji]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 2000
| align="center" | 2010
|-
| 4
| [[Thumma Bala]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 2011
| align="center" | 2020
|-
| 5
| [[Anthony Poola]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 2020
| align="center" | ''present''
|}

===Bishops of Hyderabad===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.No
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Name
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Pietro Caprotti]], P.I.M.E.
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1886
| align="center" | 1897
|-
| 2
| [[Pierre-André Viganò]], P.I.M.E.
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1897
| align="center" | 1909
|-
| 3
| [[Dionigi Vismara]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1909
| align="center" | 1948
|-
| 4
| [[Alphonsus Beretta]], [[P.I.M.E.]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1950
| align="center" | 1953
|-
| 5
| [[Joseph Mark Gopu]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1953
| align="center" | 1953
|}

===Vicars Apostolic of Hyderabad===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.No
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Name
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Daniel Murphy (bishop)|Daniel Murphy]]
| align="center" | Vicar Apostolic
| align="center" | 1851
| align="center" | 1865
|-
| 2
| [[Jean-Dominique Barbero]], P.I.M.E.
| align="center" | Vicar Apostolic
| align="center" | 1870
| align="center" | 1881
|-
| 3
| [[Pietro Caprotti]], P.I.M.E.
| align="center" | Vicar Apostolic
| align="center" | 1882
| align="center" | 1886
|}

==Suffragan dioceses==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Adilabad|Adilabad]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuddapah|Cuddapah]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Khammam|Khammam]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool|Kurnool]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nalgonda|Nalgonda]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Warangal|Warangal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archdioceseofhyderabad.org/ Official website]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/hyde0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhyde.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07592b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Diocese of Hyderabad-Deccan]

{{coord|17.3956|N|78.4774|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyderabad}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Telangana]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1851]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Religion in Hyderabad, India]]

Khemnichak metro station

2025-08-19T07:28:40Z

AhmadFosbery49: New details

{{Short description|Patna Metro's Blue Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Patna Metro.svg|50px]] Khemnichak खेमनीचक
| type = {{Patna Metro Infobox station line|line =Blue|line2=Red}}
| style = Patna Metro
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Khemnichak, NH-30, New Bypass Road, [[Patna]]-800027 [[Bihar]] {{Flag icon|IND}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|35|4.43|N|85|9|32.01|E|display=inline}}
| line =
| other =
| structure = Elevated
| platform =
| operator = Patna Metro Rail Corporation Ltd
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 4 '''''(TBC)'''''
| connections =
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| opening = '''''(TBC)'''''
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''
| status = Under Construction
| code = '''''(TBC)'''''
| owned =
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Patna Metro
|line1=Blue|left1=Malahi Pakri|right1=Bhootnath

|line2=Red|left2=Ramakrishna Nagar|}}
| route_map = {{Blue Line (Patna Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color =
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Khemnichak''' is an upcoming elevated [[Interchange station|interchange metro station]] on the [[Blue Line (Patna Metro)|Blue Line]] and the Red Line of [[Patna Metro]] in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India. The Red Line terminates at this metro station.

Khemnichak is part of the priority corridor of the Patna Metro, which includes stations from [[Malahi Pakri metro station|Malahi Pakri]] to New ISBT. This corridor is scheduled to open on 15 August 2025; however, Khemni Chak station will not be operational at that time, as it is still under construction. The delay was primarily caused by land acquisition issues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-18 |title=Patna Metro's first corridor set to roll by August 15: 6.5km 'blue line' nears finish line; key stations almost ready, trial runs soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-metros-first-corridor-set-to-roll-by-august-15-6-5km-blue-line-nears-finish-line-key-stations-almost-ready-trial-runs-soon/articleshow/121920328.cms |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-07-06 |title=पटना में 15 अगस्त से शुरू होगी मेट्रो सेवा, जानें किन-किन स्टेशनों पर रूकेगी? |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/metro-service-start-on-august-15-in-patna-in-bihar-bihar-news-brs25070601418 |access-date=2025-07-06 |language=hi}}</ref>

==Overview==

Khemnichak metro station is part of the priority corridor of the Patna Metro,<ref>{{Cite news |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=Govt plans metro connectivity between Patna Junction and airport - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/urban-transportation/govt-plans-metro-connectivity-between-patna-junction-and-airport/117882251 |access-date=2025-07-04 |language=en}}</ref> along with New ISBT, Zero Mile, Bhootnath, and Kheminichak Metro stations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2025-04-05 |title=Green Light for Khemnichak Station Clears Hurdle for Patna Metro's August 15 Launch |url=https://patnapress.com/green-light-for-khemnichak-station-clears-hurdle-for-patna-metros-august-15-launch/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> This metro station will serve the Khemnichak and the new bypass area.

==See also==
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Patna Metro}}
{{Patna-metro-stub}}
[[Category:Patna Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations in India]]

Ulavapadu railway station

2025-07-25T16:18:32Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating The Stub First Draft...

{{Short description|Railway station in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ulavapadu
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Commuter rail|Commuter]], [[Inter-city rail|Inter-city]] and [[Regional rail]] station
| image =
| caption =
| address = [[Ulavapadu]], [[Prakasam district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|16.24252|N|80.63993|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| line = {{plainlist|
* [[Howrah–Chennai main line]]
* [[New Delhi–Chennai main line]]
* [[Vijayawada–Gudur section]]
}}
| distance =
| platforms = 2
| train_operators =
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = UPD
| zone = {{abbrlink|SCoR|South Coast Railway zone}}
| division = {{abbrlink|Vijayawada|Vijayawada railway division}}
}}
| classification = Non-Suburban Grade-6 (NSG-6)
| opened = {{Start date|1899|df=y}}
| closed = 
| former =
| electrified = 1980–81
| years =
| events =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=Indian Railways

|line1=Delhi–Chennai line|left1=Singarayakonda|right1=Tettu

|line2=Howrah–Chennai main line|left2=Singarayakonda|right2=Tettu
}}
| map_type = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh##Location in India
| route_map = {{Howrah–Chennai main line}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=250|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Ulavapadu railway station''' (station code:UPD<ref>{{cite web |title=Distances in kilometers between stations on the Venkatachalam – Surareddipalem section |url=http://rbs.indianrail.gov.in/ShortPath/Rbs_pdf/LdtPart-i/ldtpart-i_scr.pdf |website=Indian Railways |access-date=30 April 2019 |page=34 |format=PDF |date=12 September 2009 |archive-date=14 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414150809/http://rbs.indianrail.gov.in/ShortPath/Rbs_pdf/LdtPart-i/ldtpart-i_scr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>), is an [[Indian Railways]] station in [[Ulavapadu]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is situated on [[Vijayawada–Gudur section]] of [[Vijayawada railway division]] in [[South Coast Railway zone]].<ref name="station_categories">{{cite web|url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,358,748,2213|title=Stations – Category-wise (NEW)|website=South Central Railway|access-date=23 April 2019}}</ref>

== Classification ==
In terms of earnings and outward passengers handled, Ulavapadu is categorized as a ''Non-Suburban Grade-6 (NSG-6)'' railway station.<ref name="station_categories" /> Based on the re–categorization of Indian Railway stations for the period of 2017–18 and 2022–23, an NSG–6 category station earns nearly {{₹|1}} [[crore]] and handles close to {{Nowrap|1 million}} passengers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Categorization of Railway Stations |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=174916 |website=Press Information Bureau |access-date=20 May 2019 |date=21 March 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Ulavapadu}}

{{Railway stations in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1899]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Vijayawada railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Prakasam district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Sarih, Punjab

2025-07-09T22:26:31Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Initial Data Nd Citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Sarih
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.1407712|N|75.5549954|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Villages in Jalandhar West Tehsil|Nakodar]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 0161
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB.E2.80.94Punjab|PB]]-08
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-PB]]

| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|ludhiana.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sarih''' is a village located in the [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar District]], Of [[Doaba|Doaba region]] [[Punjab India|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=37327 | title=Sarih (Ludhiana West) | work=censusindia.gov.in | accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>

==Administration==
The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[Sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]] of village as per [[constitution of India]] and [[Panchayati raj (India)]].

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Particulars !! Total !! Male!!Female
|-
| Total No. of Houses||503|| ||
|-
| Population ||2,638||1,416||1,222
|-
|}

==Villages in Ludhiana West Tehsil==
{{Main|Villages in Ludhiana West Tehsil}}

==Air travel connectivity==
The closest airport to the village is [[Sahnewal Airport]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Ludhiana district |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Villages in Ludhiana West tehsil]]

2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Minimumweight

2025-03-29T17:51:18Z

AhmadFosbery49: Stub - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox sports competition event
|event = Minimumweight
|championship = 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships
|image = Boxing pictogram.svg
|dates = 18–25 March
|venue = [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]]
|location = [[New Delhi]], India
|competitors = 32
|nations = 32
|gold = [[Nitu Ghanghas]]
|gold_nation = IND
|silver = [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]
|silver_nation = MGL
|bronze = [[Alua Balkibekova]]
|bronze_nation = KAZ
|bronze2 = [[Yasmine Moutaqui]]
|bronze2_nation= MAR
|prev = [[2022 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Minimumweight|2022]]
|next = [[2025 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Minimumweight|2025]]
}}
{{2023Women'sWorldBoxingChampionships}}
The '''Minimumweight''' competition at the [[2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships]] was held between 18 and 25 March 2023.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team Delegations' Handbook|url=https://www.iba.sport/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3qcc4h4b1Anjj2s921w02f4nrk4x6lmfA1gmt6hp7clz1xnd9jl4j5329rkrrzpztvA5Abr93ynhbmgzb3cr0zw44ldkmfhq3g5084384g6nA7dA0mg2rz8nrf66k1w9j4bffy1m4q8pndjv4scsjlw930knjj1v0ym0fA5vlk3xx70t27z1.pdf|publisher=[[International Boxing Association (amateur)|IBA]]|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>

==Results==
===Finals===
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Alua Balkibekova]]|2|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitu Ghanghas]]|3
||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]}}|5|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Yasmine Moutaqui]]|0

||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitu Ghanghas]]|5|{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]}}|0
}}

===Top half===
====Section 1====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Alua Balkibekova]]|5|{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Wann Chee Wai Kei]]|0
||{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Nguyễn Thị Hương (boxer)|Nguyễn Thị Hương]]|0|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Iuliia Chumgalakova]]}}|5
||{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Christine Ongare]]|RSC|{{flagicon|TAN}} [[Rahma Maganga]]|
||{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Erivan Barut]]|4|{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Aylin Jamez]]|1

||{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Alua Balkibekova]]|4|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Iuliia Chumgalakova]]|1
||{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Christine Ongare]]||{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Erivan Barut]]|RSC

||{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Alua Balkibekova]]|5|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Erivan Barut]]|0
}}

====Section 2====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Tayonis Cedeño]]|5|{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Gayane Ter-Barseghyan]]}}|0
||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Madoka Wada]]|5|{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Liu Chien-ling]]|0
||{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Wafa Hafsi]]|3|{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Sumaiya Kosimova]]|4
||{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Kang Do-yeon]]||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitu Ghanghas]]|RSC

||{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Tayonis Cedeño]]|0|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Madoka Wada]]|5
||{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Sumaiya Kosimova]]||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitu Ghanghas]]|RSC

||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Madoka Wada]]||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitu Ghanghas]]|RSC
}}

===Bottom half===
====Section 3====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberta Bonatti]]|0|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Farzona Fozilova]]|5
||{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Gunel Rahimova]]|0|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Snežana Šiljković]]|5
||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Rim Bennama]]|0|{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]}}|5
||{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hu Meiyi]]|5|{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Fatiha Mansouri]]|0

||{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Farzona Fozilova]]|5|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Snežana Šiljković]]|0
||{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]}}|5|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hu Meiyi]]|0

||{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Farzona Fozilova]]|0|{{Nowrap|{{flagicon|MGL}} [[Lutsaikhany Altantsetseg]]}}|5
}}

====Section 4====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
| RD1=Round of 32
| RD2=Round of 16
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| 3rdplace=no
| widescore=yes|bold_winner=high


||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marta López (boxer)|Marta López]]|5|{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Nicole Ďuríková]]|0
||{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Lilla Szeleczki]]|0|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Yasmine Moutaqui]]|5
||{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Nadeeka Ranasinghe]]|0|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Alexa Gómez (boxer)|Alexa Gómez]]|5
||{{flagicon|NEP}} [[Susma Tamang]]|3|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sevda Asenova]]|4

||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marta López (boxer)|Marta López]]|0|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Yasmine Moutaqui]]|4
||{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Alexa Gómez (boxer)|Alexa Gómez]]|0|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sevda Asenova]]|5

||{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Yasmine Moutaqui]]|5|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sevda Asenova]]|0
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.iba.sport/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/48-3.pdf Draw]

{{Footer World Womens Amateur Champions Minimumweight}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships - Minimumweight}}
[[Category:2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships|Minimumweight]]

Calcutta Business School

2025-03-26T21:40:57Z

AhmadFosbery49: new a post...

{{Short description|Business school in Kolkata, India}}
{{POV|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Calcutta Business School
| image =
| image_size = 180px
| image_alt = Calcutta Business School
| motto = ''creating, managing and leading successful''
| established = {{start date and age|2008}}
| type = [[Private school|Private]][[Business School]]
| affiliation = [[AICTE]]
| principal = Dr. Anindiya Dutta
| director =
| students = 120
| address = Diamond Harbour Road, Bishnupur, South 24Parganas
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[Residential]]
| website = {{URL|www.calcuttabusinessschool.org}}
| coor = {{coord|22.3905|88.2730|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Calcutta Business School''' ('''CBS''') is a [[business school]] near [[Kolkata]], India. This college is an [[autonomous]] [[institute]]. The [[Post Graduate Diploma in Management]] (PGDM) program and [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] in Business & [[Data analytics|Data Analytics]] program of this college are approved by [[AICTE]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/calcutta-business-school-launches-new-courses/article8760637.ece|title=Calcutta Business School to launch two new PG courses, redesign one|date=22 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/calcutta-business-school-to-introduce-new-courses-116062300906_1.html|title=Calcutta Business School to introduce new courses|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=23 June 2016|publisher=|via=Business Standard|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> It received "Asia's fastest growing private educational institute" award in 2014.<ref name="bengalchamber.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalchamber.com/news/bcci-newsletter-january2014.pdf |title=Newsletter |date=2014 |website=bengalchamber.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wcrcleaders.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Asias-Best-Fastest-Growing-Private-Education-Institutes-2012-13.pdf |title=Growing institute list |date=2013 |website=wcrcleaders.com |publisher= }}</ref>

==History==
The college was founded in 1920 by [[Shikshayatan Foundation]] (formerly Marwari Balika Vidyalaya Society).

==Board of Governors==
*[[Mr. S. K. Birla]], Birla Brothers, [[Chairman]], [[Director (business)|Director]]
*[[Mr. R. N. Jhunjhunwala]], [[Attorney-at-Law]], [[Khaitan]] and Company, Senior Partner
*[[Mr. B. D. Bose]], Birla Brothers, Chairman, Director.
*[[Dr. Subir Chowdhury]], [[Former Director]], [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]] [[Calcutta]].
*[[Mr. R. S. Jhawar, Director]], Williamson Magor Group.

==Collaboration==
{{prose|section|date=October 2016}}
* [[memorandum of understanding]] (MOU) with The [[Bengal Chamber of Commerce & Industry]] in the field of education and training.<ref name="bengalchamber.com"/>
*Tie up with [[Statistical Analysis System]] to meet the demand of data scientist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/demand-for-data-scientists-growing-expert/article6240228.ece|title=Demand for data scientists growing: expert|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 July 2014|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*Calcutta Business School in pact with SAS for certificate course.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/|title=Hindustan Times: Latest News, Breaking News and Today's News Headlines - Hindustan Times|website=hindustantimes.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Business schools in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]

Kuria railway station

2025-01-23T21:53:08Z

AhmadFosbery49: New a info

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kuria
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Passenger train]] station
| image =
| caption =
| address = Kuria, [[East Champaran district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.468217|N|85.005407|E|format=dms}}
| elevation = {{cvt|67|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = East Central Railway
| line = [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]
| platform = 1
| tracks = 2
| other =
| accessible =
| parking =
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = KXR
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Samastipur}}
}}
| status = Active
| closed =
| former =
| opened = 1930s
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Central Railway zone|left=Pipra|right=Chakia|type=[[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}
'''Kuria railway station''' is a railway station on [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]] under the [[Samastipur railway division]] of [[East Central Railway zone]]. This is situated at Kuria in [[East Champaran district]] of the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nawaaz|title=Kuria Railway Station Map/Atlas ECR/East Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/kuria-kxr/9447|access-date=2021-09-14|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuria Railway Station (KXR) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/kuria-kxr-station|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuria (KXR) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry - RailYatri|url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/kuria-kxr|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.railyatri.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Railway stations in East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Samastipur railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Tourist attractions in Kottayam district

2025-01-22T06:17:44Z

AhmadFosbery49: Creating Initial Place Needs Work

{{more citations needed|date=January 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
Reflecting the religious constitution of the population, a large number of Hindu temples and Christian churches dot the townscape of Kottayam district. Some of them are the Thirunakkara Mahadeva temple, Kumaranalloor Devi temple, Thiruvarrpu Sri Krishna Temple, Thaliyil Mahadeva Temple, Pallippurathukavu Bhagavathi Temple, Elia Cathedral (thronal Cathedral of the [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicos of the East]]), Kottayam Valiya Pally, [[Manarcad church|Manarcad Cathedral]], Cheriya Palli, [[Church of South India|CSI]] Holy Trinity cathedral, [[Puthuppally Palli|Puthuppally St. George Church]] and Thazhathangadi Juma Masjid. All the temples of Kottayam were also built under royal patronage of Hinduism during the 2nd millennium.

==Thirunakkara Temple==
[[Thirunakkara]] Mahadeva temple, at the heart of the town, is a [[Shiva]] temple built in the [[Kerala]] style of temple architecture, with interior murals depicting themes from the Hindu [[Epic poetry|epics]]. It was built at the beginning of the 16th century by the then Raja of Thekkumkur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirunakkara Sree Mahadeva Temple in Kottayam |url=https://www.kottayamonline.in/guide/thirunakkara-sree-mahadeva-temple-in-kottayam |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=kottayamonine.in}}</ref> The annual temple festival that culminates in a ceremony called the [[Aaraattu]], attracts large number of devotees. The other famous temples include the [[Ettumanoor]] and [[Vaikom]] temples dedicated to Lord Shiva and a temple dedicated to Goddess Saraswathi at [[Panachikkad]] (also known as Dakshina-Mookaambika). All these temples are rich in lore and festivities and attract a large number of pilgrims from all over the country.

==Kumaranalloor Temple==
[[Kumaranalloor Devi temple]], located near the banks of Meenachil River is famous for its cultural heritage. The sreekovil is beautifully illustrated with Mural Paintings. Karthika, the birth star of Devi is celebrated in the ninth day of the 10 Day long temple festival attracts lot of pilgrims from all over the country. Kumaranallor and nearby place Kudamaloor is also famous in the name of artists. Great Kathakali artists like Kudamaloor Karunakaran Nair, Kuroor Vasudevan Nampoothiry (Vesham), Mathoor Govindankutty, Kuroor Cheriya Vasudevan Nampoothiry (Chenda), famous flute maestro Kudamaloor Janardhanan etc. to name a few.

==Thirunakkara Heritage==
Thirunakkara in the heart of Kottayam is the cultural center of Kottayam. The town itself is developed around the Sri Mahadeva temple at Thirunakkara.
The 'Koothambalam', which is the dance hall in the temple is one of the rare ones in Kerala. The ornate walls of the sanctum sanctorum of the temple is worth mentioning. There are many small temples nearby - namely the Thirunakkara Sri Krishna Temple, Thirunakkara Puthiyathrikkovil Mahavishnu Temple, Thirunakkara Cheruvallikkavu Devi Temple, Thirunakkara Swamiyar Madom and the adjoining Sri Rama-Hanuman temple, Thirunakkara Brahamana Samooha Madom Aiyappa temple etc.

==Smaller temples==
Other temples located in the city or close to the city are Nagampadom Mahadeva Temple, Tiruvatta Sree Rama-Hanuman temple, Pandavam Dharma Shastha temple, [[Pandavam]], Subrahmnaya swami temple, Vedagairi Sri Rama-Laxmna temple, Pakkil Sri Dharmashatha temple, Manganam Sri Narasimha Swami Temple, Aymanam Sri Narasimha Swami temple etc.

==Churches in Kottayam==
Kottayam is a major center for [[Saint Thomas Christians]] in Kerala. Kottayam is the headquarters of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]. Their Pazhaya (old) seminary was founded in Kottayam in the year CE 1811, after the destruction of centuries old seminary (priest training centre) at Ankamaly by Tipu sultan on his military raids. The Mar Thoma Theological Seminary of [[Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church|Marthoma Syrian Christians]] is functioning at Kottayam along with Marthoma School popularly known as MT School. Anglican Church of India headquarters is in Kurichi, near Kottayam.

Large number of C S I Christians are present in Kottayam. Madhya Kerala diocese of church of south India ( c s i) is headquartered at Kottayam. It is one of the oldest and largest C S I diocese. It run large number of famous institutions like CMS college, Baker school. C S I run large number of education institutions in kottayam and they are known as pioneers in educational culture of Kottayam and Kerala.. C S I Christians in Kottayam include large number of dalit Christians and Syrian Christians and they are a prominent part of Christians in Kottayam..
The [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] has Prominent Position in [[Kottayam District]]. The Most famous pilgrim center [[Manarcad Church]] situated near at [[Kottayam City]].

==Valiya Palli==
Kottayam Valiya Palli of Knanaya Community of [[Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church]] (Kottayam Big Church) was built in 1550 by [[Knanaya]] Syrian Christians who immigrated from [[Kaduthuruthy]], and is considered the first Christian church in Kottayam town. This church is famous for its two Persian crosses made of granite. There are rare antique carvings and mural paintings behind the main altar and on the ceiling of the church. Another St. Mary's Church known as Cheria Palli (the Little Church), belonging to the [[Malankara Orthodox Church]] was built in 1579 by the Raja of Thekkumkur for his Christian subjects. These churches feature temple architectural influences. The interior murals, painted using vegetable dyes, depict [[Biblical]] themes.
The [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] has an [[archeparchy]] based in Kottayam. Some of the important Syrian Catholic churches in Kottayam include Christ the King Syro-Malabar Catholic Cathedral of Kottayam Knanaya Archdiocese and Lourde's Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church. Important Latin Catholic churches are Good Shepherd Church and Vimalagiri Cathedral. [[Pope John Paul II]] visited Kottayam and met Catholicose of the East at Eliya Cathedral during his visit to India in 1986. In Kottayam he announced the [[beatification]] of [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]] and [[Alphonsa Muttathupadathu|Sister Alphonsa]], who hail from Kottayam district.

==Mosques and Dargahs==
[[Thazhathangady Juma Masjid]], situated in the banks of river [[Meenachil]], in [[Kummanam]], is one of the oldest mosques in India and is more than 1,000 years old, famous for its architectural beauty, and richness in wood carvings. This mosque was constructed by the followers of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] during one of their first voyages to Kerala.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kottayam district| ]]

1948 Guwahati riots

2025-01-12T04:24:57Z

AhmadFosbery49: Info - done

{{Short description|Ethnic rioting to protest Bengali Hindus}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}

In May 1948, widespread rioting broke out in [[Guwahati]] and adjoining areas where [[Bengali Hindu]] businesses, schools and residences in general and [[Bengali Hindu]] staff of the Bengal and Assam Railway in particular were attacked.<ref name="wara">{{cite news |last1=Wara |first1=Gauhar Nayeem |title='চল মিনি আসাম যাব...' |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/article/1406311/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC...%E2%80%99 |accessdate=20 April 2020 |work=Prothom Alo |date=11 January 2018 |location=Dhaka |language=Bengali}}</ref> The Assamese Hindu nationalists who saw the Bengali Hindus as foreign usurpers in the territory of Assam led the attacks while Muslim League members joined them.<ref name="biswas72">{{cite book |last1=Biswas |first1=Sukumar |title=আসামে ভাষা আন্দোলন ও বাঙালি-প্রসঙ্গ ১৯৪৭-১৯৬১ |date=2017 |publisher=Parul Prakashani |location=Kolkata |isbn=9789386708250 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LlADwAAQBAJ |accessdate=20 April 2020 |language=Bengali}}</ref> The Bengali Hindus were looted and their properties were looted and set on fire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Srikanta |title=Indian Democracy Derailed: Politics and Politicians |date=1997 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788170248668 |pages=74–75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGyO0E86X1oC |accessdate=20 April 2020}}</ref> No Bengali-speaking Muslim was attacked, as they were seen as [[Na Asamiya]]s who had adopted [[Assamese language]] and culture and therefore assimilated in the land Assam. The Guwahati riots mark the beginning of the [[Bongal Kheda]] movement.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Subir |title=Troubled Periphery: The Crisis of India's North East |date=2009 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=9789352801817 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRjDwAAQBAJ |accessdate=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Karmakar |first1=Rahul |title=That Rohingya feeling: NE no stranger to xenophobia, genocides, say experts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/that-rohingya-feeling-northeast-no-stranger-to-xenophobia-genocides-say-social-scientists/story-06Q284Y07C9rP5uh86KUlO.html |accessdate=20 April 2020 |work=Hinustan Times |publisher=HT Media Ltd. |date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="wara" /><ref name="nag">{{cite journal |last1=Nag |first1=Sajal |title=Nehru and the North East |journal=NMML Occasional Paper |date=10 June 2015 |volume=New Series |issue=75 |pages=11–12 |url=http://www.nehrumemorial.nic.in/images/pdf/occasional/Sajal_Nag_10June_2015_final.pdf |accessdate=22 April 2020 |publisher=Nehru Memorial Museum and Library |location=New Delhi}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022}}</ref>

== Background ==
In June 1947, after the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|Partition of Bengal]], the Government of India shifted the headquarters of Bengal and Assam Railway from [[Kolkata]] to [[Pandu railway station|Pandu]], near [[Guwahati]]. Several [[Bengali Hindu]] railway staff were transferred from [[Kolkata]] to [[Pandu, Guwahati]]. Immediately after their arrival, the local Assamese people launched a campaign to drive out the newly arrived Bengali Hindu railway staff and the Bengali Hindu residents of the area. Bengali Hindu residents, especially the Assam Railway staff were attacked in [[Guwahati]] and were served notices to quit Assam in 24 hours. Following the [[Partition of India]], several non-Assamese staff of Post and Telegraph, mostly [[Bengali Hindus]], were also transferred to [[Assam]]. There was also a steady influx of [[Bengali Hindus]] from the [[Dominion of Pakistan]] into [[Assam]]. Though the Government of Assam was rehabilitating and setting the refugees in the various districts of Assam, there was a strong resentment against the settlement of [[Bengalis|Bengali]] refugees in Assam.<ref name="nag"/>

On 23 August, a huge public gathering was held by the Ahom Jatiya Mohasabha, where the newly transferred central government officers dubbed as 'foreigners', who had conspired to dominate Assam. The meeting ended with cries of ''[[Bongal Kheda]]'' (literally meaning 'drive away the [[Bengali Hindus]]'). Anti-[[Bengali Hindu]] demonstrations followed. On 24 August, a meeting of Assamese Railway Employees' Association presided by [[Assamese language|Assamese]] poet [[Nilmoni Phukan]] where anti-[[Bengalis|Bengali]] sentiment was voiced.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} The meeting was followed by rowdy demonstrations, anti-[[Bengali Hindu|Bengali]] slogans and attacks on [[Bengali Hindu]] shops.

== Attacks ==
In the midst of heightened Anti-[[Bengali Hindu]] sentiment, physical attacks on the [[Bengali Hindus]] started. On the night of 25 April 1948 a [[Bengali Hindu]] Railway Medical Service staff was attacked and wounded by an Assamese skilled labourer. On 28 April, a [[Bengali Hindu]] worker was beaten up by an Assamese porter of the railway engineering department. In mid-May, the altercations between the Assamese students and Bengali staff and Assam Railway escalated to violence.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

On 17 May, the District Railway Traffic Superintendent and one electrical foreman were beaten up by the Assamese students in [[Uzan Bazaar]]. On the next day, rioters stopped a shuttle train carrying railway staff from [[Pandu, Guwahati|Pandu]] to Uzan Bazaar Ghat was stopped at [[Uzan Bazaar]] and the attacked the railway staff, wounding 8-10 men. The Deputy Commissioner of Police of Guwahati reached the spot with a small contingent and transferred the wounded to hospital. The [[Bengali Hindu]] staff of the Bengal and Assam Railway called for general strike and shifted their families from [[Uzan Bazaar]], as it was an Assamese dominated locality. On the morning of 19 May, a few [[Bengali Hindus]] were attacked on their way to [[Uzan Bazaar]] and looted of everything. The Guwahati Middle English School was burnt down. In the evening, hundreds of Assamese rioters attacked the railway quarters and set them on fire. The [[Bengali Hindu]] residents ran away from the quarters to save their lives. The railway police fired on the rioters, wounding a few. Two rioters were critically wounded. Just after that, [[Bengali Hindu]] owned departmental stores, diary, pharmacy and jewelry shops were attacked and looted in [[Pan Bazaar]]. According to an Anandabazar Patrika report, only the Bengali Hindu owned businesses had been attacked, not a single business owned by the Bengali-speaking Muslims were attacked. At the midnight of 19 May, the Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup District promulgated Section 144 of the [[Code of Criminal Procedure (India)|CrPC]] in the Guwahati municipal area and adjoining region, including [[Pandu, Guwahati|Pandu]] for the next 14 days. Assembly of five or more persons or travelling together in any vehicle and carrying arms was prohibited.

On 20 May, the prohibitory orders were violated by a group of Assamese men, who drove across the city in an open lorry, shouting anti-[[Bengali Hindu]] slogans. In [[Pan Bazaar]], near the [[Don Bosco High School, Guwahati|Don Bosco High School]], two Bengali Hindus including a Railway Medical Service staff was beaten up. In the evening another similar group of rioters entered [[Paltan Bazaar]] and threw brickbats at Bengali Hindu residences and Bengali High School. The attacks also spread to the outskirts of the city. The Bengali Hindus were attacked in [[Bharalumukh]] and [[Kumarpara]]. 24 persons were wounded and shifted to railway and civil hospitals. The Bengali Hindu families were shifted to safer locations. In spite of police protection, they were attacked in front of the police. On the northern banks of the [[Brahmaputra]], the [[Bengali Hindu]] fishermen's villages were set on fire, the flames of which could be seen from Guwahati in the southern bank. The Bengali Hindus kept their businesses shut for the day.

In the evening of 21 May, the Assam Government stated in a press note that Guwahati and adjoining areas have mostly been quiet for the last 24 hours, except a few stray incidents. On the midnight of 22 May, the Assam Government stated in a communique that situation in Guwahati has improved and no incidents took place on that day. 32 people were arrested for rioting till then. On 23 May, in a stray incident, a Bengali medium school was set on fire in [[Nagaon]].

== Protests ==
Paresh Chandra Chowdhury, the secretary of Cachar District Congress Committee and Sunirmal Dutta, general secretary of Surma Sammilani in a joint communique, condemned the inaction of the administration in suppressing the violence. On 19 May, a huge public meeting was held in [[Silchar]], presided by Manipuri leader Dhaneshwar Singh. The speakers at the meeting condemned the provincialism of the Assamese nationalists and called for banning of the Ahom Jatiya Mohasabha. On 20 May, the Assamese employees of the Bengal and Assam Railway Employees' Association held a meeting at [[Kolkata]] and condemned the attack on Bengalis in Assam. On 26 May, a huge public meeting was held at Shraddhananda Park in Kolkata, presided by journalist Hemendra Prasad Ghosh, where the speakers blamed the increasing anti-[[Bengali Hindu]] hatred for the riots.

== See also ==
* [[Goreswar massacre|1960 Goreswar massacre]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guwahati riots, 1948}}
[[Category:Persecution of Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:History of Guwahati]]
[[Category:Ethnic riots]]
[[Category:1940s in Assam]]
[[Category:1948 in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Assam]]
[[Category:1948 crimes in India]]
[[Category:1948 riots]]
[[Category:Residential building arson attacks in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1940s]]
[[Category:Arson in the 1940s]]
[[Category:1948 fires]]
[[Category:1940s fires in Asia]]

List of colleges and universities in Thrissur district

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Ahansar Lake

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{{Short description|Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}

{{Infobox body of water
| name = Ahansar Lake
| image =
| caption =
| alt =
| location = Ahan Village, [[Ganderbal District]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| coords = {{Coord|34|18|N|74|39|E|region:IN-ID_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = Freshwater [[Oxbow lake|ox-bow lake]]
| inflow = Ephemeral channels, underground springs
| outflow = [[Jehlum River]]
| catchment =
| basin_countries =
| length =
| width =
| area = {{convert|0.80|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|4.80|m|abbr=on}}
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation = {{convert|1584|m|abbr=on}}
| islands =
| cities =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ahansar Lake in Jammu and Kashmir
| website =
| reference =
}}
'''Ahansar Lake''' is a rural freshwater [[ox-bow lake]] located in close vicinity of [[Manasbal Lake]] in Ahan village, [[Ganderbal district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. It is situated approximately 26 kilometers northwest of [[Srinagar]] city within the geographical coordinates of 34° 18´ N latitude and 74° 39´ E longitude. The lake is classified as a semi-drainage type with a maximum depth of 4.80 meters and covers an area of 0.80 square kilometers. It is located at an altitude of 1584 meters above sea level.<ref name=ucbmsh>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucbmsh.org/colleges-in-dehradun/courses/zoology-courses-in-dehradun/prominent-lakes-kashmir-division-jk/|title=Prominent Lakes of Kashmir Division, Jammu & Kashmir|website=Uttarakhand College of Bio-Medical Sciences & Hospital|date=29 April 2017 |access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref>

The lake is characterized by its shallow depth and an extended zone of emergent [[vegetation]] along its periphery. Water supply to the lake is maintained by underground [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]] spread over its basin, supplemented by an ephemeral irrigation channel during the [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] cultivation period. It has a permanent outflow channel on the western side that drains excessive water into the [[Jehlum River]].

== Fish ==
Ahansar Lake supports many species of fish, including:

*[[Common Carp]]
*[[Mirror Carp]]
*[[Grass Carp]]
*[[Giant Danio]]
*[[Crucian Carp]]
*[[Black Mahseer]]
*[[Sattar Snowtrout]]
*[[Rosy Barb]]
*[[Mosquitofish]]

== See also ==
* [[Manasbal Lake]]
* [[Khanpursar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Oxbow lakes]]
[[Category:Ganderbal district]]

Manasy Veetinal (Actress)

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Travancore's attack on Cochin (1755–1756)

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Exalted Highness

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2013-14 Kanga Elite League

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#REDIRECT [[Kanga Cricket League]] {{R from related topic}}