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Abhishek Sharma

2026-05-08T09:02:32Z

Advsunilnshah: New A Bio From Scratch...

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2000)}}

{{Other people}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Abhishek Sharma
| image =
| Born = 23 September 2000
| caption =
| country = India

| birth_place = [zirakpur]], Punjab, India
| height = 1.7 m<ref name="Crictoday_profile"/>
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = [[Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = Batting [[all-rounder]]
| international = true
| internationalspan = 2024–present
| T20Idebutdate = 6 July
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = Zimbabwe
| T20Icap = 111
| lastT20Idate = 8 March
| lastT20Iyear = 2026
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand
| T20Ishirt = 4
| club1 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| year1 = 2017–present
| club2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| year2 = 2018
| club3 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| year3 = 2019–present
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/abhishek-sharma-1070183 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 24 January 2026
| columns = 4

| column1 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches1 = 36
| runs1 = 1,267
| bat avg1 = 38.39
| 100s/50s1 = 2/8
| top score1 = 135
| deliveries1 = 147
| wickets1 = 6
| bowl avg1 = 35.16
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/3
| catches/stumpings1 = 18/–

| column2 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches2 = 24
| runs2 = 1,071
| bat avg2 = 30.60
| 100s/50s2 = 1/5
| top score2 = 100
| deliveries2 = 1,674
| wickets2 = 20
| bowl avg2 = 49.10
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/136
| catches/stumpings2 = 21/–

| column3 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches3 = 69
| runs3 = 2,196
| bat avg3 = 33.78
| 100s/50s3 = 4/8
| top score3 = 170
| deliveries3 = 1,896
| wickets3 = 41
| bowl avg3 = 37.68
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/56
| catches/stumpings3 = 35/–

| column4 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches4 = 171
| runs4 = 5,070
| bat avg4 = 33.57
| 100s/50s4 = 8/29
| top score4 = 148
| deliveries4 = 1,179
| wickets4 = 54
| bowl avg4 = 27.53
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 3/7
| catches/stumpings4 = 69/–
|medaltemplates=
{{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2026 India & Sri Lanka]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2025 Asia Cup|2025 UAE]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup|ICC U19 World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2018 New Zealand]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Asia Cup|ACC U19 Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[2016 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2016 Sri Lanka]]}}
}}

'''Abhishek Sharma''' (born 23 September 2000) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Pratyush |date=27 May 2024 |title=Secret behind Abhishek Sharma's success |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharma-success-ipl-2024-shubman-gill-yuvraj-singh-9355337/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=Indian Express}}</ref> He plays for the [[India national cricket team|India national team]], as a left-handed [[Batting order (cricket)|opening batter]] and occasional [[Left-arm orthodox spin|left-arm orthodox]] [[Spin bowling|spinner]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Abhishek Sharma, Dhruv Jurel, Riyan Parag make T20I debuts for India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/zimbabwe-vs-india-first-t20i-abhishek-sharma-riyan-parag-dhruv-jurel-debuts-harare-2563270-2024-07-06 |work=India Today}}</ref> He represents [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in domestic cricket and [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raj |first1=Pratyush |date=7 July 2024 |title=Abhishek Sharma's father: After 1st match, I reminded him six-hitting was what led to India call-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharmas-father-after-1st-match-i-reminded-him-six-hitting-was-what-led-to-india-call-up-9438838/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Sharma became the [[ICC Men's Player Rankings|number one ranked]] men's [[Twenty20 International|T20I]] batter in 2025, achieving the highest-ever men's rating points in the format's history.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Abhishek Sharma joins Virat Kohli & SKY in elite T20I club, beats SRH teammate Travis Head |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/icc-rankings-abhishek-sharma-tops-t20i-rishabh-pant-ravindra-jadeja-test-gains-13915789.html |work=Firstpost |date=30 July 2025 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sharma was born on 4 September 2000 in [[Amritsar]] to Raj Kumar and Manju Sharma.<ref name="Crictoday_profile"/><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raj |first=Pratyush |date=28 September 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma's secret: Wakes up at 4am, meditates till sunrise, swims for an hour, plays golf and hits sixes for fun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/abhishek-sharmas-secret-of-success-he-wakes-up-at-4-am-meditates-till-sunrise-swims-for-an-hour-plays-golf-and-hits-sixes-for-fun/articleshow/124188420.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> He has two elder sisters.<ref name="Crictoday_profile">{{cite web |title=Abhishek Sharma Cricketer |url=https://crictoday.com/cricket/series/abhishek-sharma/ |website=Crictoday |access-date=8 July 2024 |date=8 July 2024}}</ref> He completed his schooling from [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public School]], Amritsar.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL cricket star receives warm welcome at his alma mater |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/ipl-cricket-star-receives-warm-welcome-at-his-alma-mater/ |work=The Tribune |date=29 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> Sharma is a childhood friend of [[Shubman Gill]] and they used to open the innings for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] in the U14s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abhishek Sharma after 1st T20I Match|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharmas-father-after-1st-match-i-reminded-him-six-hitting-was-what-led-to-india-call-up-9438838/ |website=indianexpress|access-date=8 July 2024 |date=8 July 2024}}</ref> [[Yuvraj Singh]] played a role in coaching Sharma during the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown period]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kapoor |first=Somya |date=8 July 2024 |title=Behind Abhishek Sharma's Rise |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/behind-abhishek-sharmas-rise-strict-schedule-guidance-of-yuvraj-and-yograj-singh-and-a-supporting-father-8912402.html |work=news18 |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref>

==Domestic career==
Sharma scored a century in his maiden U-16 match in the domestic cricket tournament for the 2015–2016 Vijay Merchant Trophy. He scored 1,200 runs at an average of 109.09.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://crex.live/player-profile/1DH/abhishek-sharma |title=Career & Stats |work=CREX |access-date=8 July 2024 }}</ref> He then made his U-19 debut for Punjab in the [[Vinoo Mankad Trophy]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/how-the-india-u19-world-cup-stars-fared-at-ipl-2018 |title=How the India U19 World Cup stars fared at IPL 2018 |work=International Cricket Council |date=28 May 2018 |access-date=28 May 2018 }}</ref> Sharma captained the team to victory at the [[2016 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2016 U19 Asia Cup]] and was the player of the match during the final.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spinners Abhishek and Chahar seal title for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/acc-u-19-asia-cup-2016-17-1071840/sri-lanka-under-19s-vs-india-under-19s-final-1071861/match-report |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> He also led the team during an ODI series against [[England under-19 cricket team|England U19]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=All-rounder Abhishek Sharma to lead India U-19 |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/1970/news/99200/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> He was a key member of the team that won the [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2018 U19 World Cup]]. He scored a half-century against [[Bangladesh national under-19 cricket team|Bangladesh]] in the quarterfinal match of the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/videos/abhishek-sharma-s-50-against-bangladesh-at-u19cwc |title=Abhishek Sharma's 50 against Bangladesh at U19CWC |access-date=8 November 2023 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

He made his debut in [[first-class cricket]] for Punjab in the [[2017–18 Ranji Trophy]] on 6 October 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1118621.html |title=Group D, Ranji Trophy at Dharamsala, Oct 6-9 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He led Punjab to their maiden [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] win in the [[2023–24 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy|2023-24 season]] finishing as the second-highest run scorer of the tournament with 485 runs from ten innings at an average of 48.50 and a strike rate of 192.46, registering two hundreds and three fifties.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/batting-most-runs-from-fours-sixes-innings/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-167?team=2063 |title=second highest run scorer of the tournament |access-date=9 July 2024|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

He played in the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] for Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/12086/abhishek-sharma |title=Abhishek Sharma - Profile |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref> On 28 February 2021, playing for Punjab against [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]], he scored the fastest hundred by an Indian in [[List A cricket]], in 42 balls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ACS – The ACS |url=https://acscricket.com/ |access-date=30 September 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Franchise career==
In January 2018, Sharma was bought by [[Delhi Daredevils]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]] for Rs 5.5 million.<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In May, he made his debut and went on to score 46 runs off 19 balls.<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1136605.html |title=45th match (N), Indian Premier League at Delhi, May 12, 2018 |access-date=12 May 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In February 2022, Sharma was bought by [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League|2022 edition]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Jha |first=Yash |date=24 March 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-the-uncapped-ones-shahrukh-khan-umran-malik-and-more-1307144 |title=The uncapped ones: Shahrukh Khan, Umran Malik and more |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref> During the tournament, he played 14 matches and scored 426 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mens Team. IPLT20 |url=https://www.iplt20.com/teams/sunrisers-hyderabad/squad-details/3760 |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=www.iplt20.com |language=en}}</ref> In [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]], he scored the fastest fifty for SRH against [[Mumbai Indians]] at the [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mens Team. IPLT20 |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/player-profile/4177/abhishek-sharma |website=SportsTiger |access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref> He also finished the season with 484 runs in 16 matches and a strike rate of 200. He was the second highest run-scorer for the team after [[Travis Head]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=IPL 2024 Orange Cap: Abhishek Sharma breaks into Top 5 after SRH vs CSK match |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2024-orange-cap-abhishek-sharma-srh-vs-csk-9253341/ |work=The Indian Express |date=5 April 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024}}</ref> He won the Most Sixes award for hitting the highest number of sixes (42) in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=27 May 2024 |title=IPL 2024: Which batter hit most sixes this Indian Premier League season? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2024-which-batter-hit-the-most-sixes-this-season-abhishek-sharma-record-indian-premier-league/article68221638.ece/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

During the [[2025 Indian Premier League|2025 season]], Sharma hit his first century of the league in 40 balls during the match against [[Punjab Kings]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='This one is for Orange Army': Abhishek Sharma celebrates maiden IPL hundred in style |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/this-one-is-for-orange-army-abhishek-sharma-celebrates-maiden-ipl-hundred-in-style/articleshow/120238372.cms |access-date=12 April 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He scored 141 runs off 55 balls, the highest individual score by an Indian and the third highest score by any batter in the [[List of Indian Premier League records and statistics#Individual batting records|league's history]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma shatters records, registers highest score by an Indian in IPL history {{!}} Cricket News – India TV |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharma-shatters-records-registers-highest-score-by-an-indian-in-ipl-history-2025-04-12-985251 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma, SRH light up Hyderabad to set new records: Stat Pack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2025-abhishek-sharma-sunrisers-hyderabad-record-stats-punjab-kings-2708183-2025-04-12 |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, it was the highest score by an SRH batter and the fifth-fastest hundred witnessed by the league.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma Creates History For Sunrisers Hyderabad, Becomes Fastest Indian To... |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/abhishek-sharma-creates-history-for-sunrisers-hyderabad-becomes-fastest-indian-to-score-century-for-them-article-151407090/amp |access-date=12 April 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
Sharma was called up for the [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2024|2024 tour of Zimbabwe]] and made his international debut in the first match on 6 July.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Secrets of Abhishek Sharma: Help from Yuvraj, Brian Lara, Travis Head; playing golf to perfect bat swing, and 4 am mornings |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/secrets-abhishek-sharma-yuvi-lara-travis-head-golf-10276942/ |work=The Indian Express |date=28 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> He scored his maiden T20I century in the second match of the series, scoring 100 runs at the [[Harare Sports Club]]. He became the fastest Indian to score a century in terms of number of innings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=India vs Zimbabwe: Abhishek Sharma reflects on his record-breaking T20I century |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/video/india-vs-zimbabwe-second-t20i-press-conference-abhishek-sharma-2563748-2024-07-08 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He also became the fourth batter to hit a maiden T20I century before 24 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Mohandas |date=29 August 2024 |title=India tour of Zimbabwe: Abhishek Sharma in elite list |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/statsman/india-vs-zimbabwe-stats-records-numbers-trivia/article68472345.ece |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, he hit the highest individual score for India in T20Is by scoring 135 runs from 54 balls against [[England cricket team|England]]. His innings included 13 sixes and 7 fours.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2025 |title=India v England: Tourists suffer record T20 defeat after Abhishek Sharma century |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c203glqgnw7o |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sharma hit the second-highest score against England as well as the second-fastest half-century and century for India by balls faced.<ref>{{Cite news |title=IND vs ENG 5th T20I: Abhishek Sharma's record-breaking 135 powers India to 4-1 series win against England |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/england-tour-of-india-2025/ind-vs-eng-5th-t20i-abhishek-sharmas-record-breaking-135-powers-india-to-4-1-series-win-against-england/articleshow/117864173.cms |access-date=25 March 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He also hit the most sixes for India in an innings in men's T20Is and had the highest run-rate during a 100+ run [[Partnership (cricket)|partnership]] for India in T20Is.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2025 |title=IND vs ENG: Abhishek Sharma rattles England to hit India's second-fastest T20I century |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-india-vs-england-abhishek-sharma-record-mumbai-t20i-century-2673678-2025-02-02 |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He jumped to the 2nd spot in the men's T20I world rankings after the century, becoming India's number one batter.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Abhishek Sharma's meteoric rise continues, jumps 38 places to 2nd in ICC T20I rankings |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/abhishek-sharmas-meteoric-rise-continues-jumps-38-places-to-2nd-in-icc-t20i-rankings/articleshow/117944278.cms |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2025, Sharma reached the number one world ranking in the T20I format and became the youngest Indian to do so.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abhishek Sharma becomes World No.1 in T20Is, joins Kohli, Suryakumar; Pant rewarded for gritty fifty through fracture |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/abhishek-sharma-becomes-world-no-1-in-t20is-joins-kohli-suryakumar-pant-rewarded-for-gritty-fifty-through-fracture-101753864270307.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 July 2025 |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> At the [[2025 Asia Cup]], Sharma broke the record of the most runs scored in a T20I edition of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Abhishek Sharma scripts Asia Cup history, breaks Mohammad Rizwan's record |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/asia-cup-ind-vs-sl-abhishek-sharma-300-runs-record-mohammad-rizwqan-2794134-2025-09-26 |magazine=India Today |date=26 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> He became the highest run-scorer of the edition with 314 runs in seven innings.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Most runs in Asia Cup 2025: Abhishek Sharma finishes as highest run-getter |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/abhishek-sharma-most-runs-asia-cup-2025-highest-run-getter-stats-india-records-news/article70105932.ece |magazine=Sporstar |date=28 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> He was also awarded the player of the tournament for his performance.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Abhishek Sharma awarded Player of Tournament of Asia Cup 2025 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/abhishek-sharma-player-of-the-tournament-asia-cup-2025-india-stats-records-news/article70106458.ece |magazine=Sportstar |date=28 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> His successful campaign led to him achieving the highest-ever rating points in T20I history with a total of 931 ranking points.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khurana |first=Rudransh |date=1 October 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma Creates ICC Ranking History, Becomes 1st In The World To... |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/abhishek-sharma-creates-icc-ranking-history-becomes-1st-in-the-world-to-ws-kl-9608250.html |work=News18 |access-date=1 October 2025}}</ref>

He is also currently the number 25th best all rounder in the world in T20I.

On 21 January 2026 in the first T20I [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2025–26|between India and New Zealand]] at Nagpur, Sharma scored a match-high 84 runs. His innings laid a solid foundation for India with aggressive stroke play and quick running. India won by 48 runs, taking a 1–0 lead in the 5-match series.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India vs New Zealand 1st T20I Highlights: IND defeat NZ by 48 runs, lead series 1-0 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/live-cricket-score-ind-v-nz-1st-t20-vca-stadium-jamtha-nagpur-india-vs-new-zealand-t20-match-live-scorecard-updates-10486631/ |work=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2026 |access-date=22 January 2026}}</ref>

During the 3rd T20I [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2025–26|between India and New Zealand]] in Guwahati, Sharma hit the second fastest T20I 50 in the history of Indian cricket (14 balls), as he and [[Suryakumar Yadav]] chased down the target of 154 in 10 overs, giving India an unassailable 3-0 series lead. Sharma finished with an unbeaten 68* off just 20 balls. He is the only men's player from a full member nation to have made three 50+ scores in the powerplay in T20I's.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bandarupalli |first1=Sampath |date=25 January 2026 |title=Stats - Fourteen-ball fifty, 94 in powerplay as India script record chase |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-nz-stats-abhishek-sharma-only-behind-yuvraj-singh-as-india-script-record-chase-at-home-1520965 |work=CricInfo |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref>

During the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup|2026 T20 World Cup]], Sharma endured a dismal run in the group stage, missing a match due to illness and getting out for a duck in each of the remaining 3 games he played. With that, he holds the record of most ducks by a batter to start off a T20 World Cup campaign (3). He also has the most ducks for an Indian opener in the T20WC overall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=0, 0, 0: Abhishek Sharma Equals ‘Most Ducks’ Record In T20 World Cup, Wearing Mohammed Siraj’s Jersey Doesn’t Work |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/t20-world-cup-2026/0-0-0-abhishek-sharma-equals-most-ducks-record-in-t20-world-cup-wearing-mohammed-sirajs-jersey-doesnt-work-11055115 |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref> In the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup final|final]], he scored 52 runs off 21 balls during a 98-run partnership with [[Sanju Samson]], with it becoming the fastest half-century in the tournament from 18 balls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IND vs NZ Cricket Scorecard, Final at Ahmedabad, March 08, 2026 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2025-26-1502138/india-vs-new-zealand-final-1512773/full-scorecard |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 March 2026 |title=India vs New Zealand Highlights, T20 World Cup 2026: IND beats NZ to defend title; Bumrah wins Player of Match, Samson awarded Player of Tournament |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/india-vs-new-zealand-live-score-updates-t20-world-cup-2026-final-ind-nz-highlights-ahmedabad/article70718633.ece |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=[[Sportstar]] |language=en}}</ref>

==International centuries==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left:15px"
|+ Centuries against nations
! Opponent
! Test
! ODI
! T20I
! Total
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|AFG}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|AUS}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|BAN}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|ENG}}
| –
| –
| 1
| 1
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|NZ}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|PAK}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|SA}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|SL}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|WIN}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align: left" | {{cr|ZIM}}
| –
| –
| 1
| 1
|-
! Total
! –
! –
! 2
! 2
|}

===T20I centuries===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Runs
!Against
!Venue
!{{abbr|H/A/N|Home, Away, or Neutral venue}}
!{{abbr|Date|Date the match was held}}
!{{abbr|Result|The result of the match from India's perspective}}
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|{{abbr|Ref|Reference}}
|-
|100
|{{cr|ZIM}}
|[[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]]
|Away
|7 July 2024
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2024 |title=Abhishek Sharma scripts history with 46-ball T20I hundred vs Zimbabwe: In Stats |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ind-vs-zim-2nd-t20i-score-india-abhishek-sharma-century-statistics-records-harare-2563545-2024-07-07 |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|135
|{{cr|ENG}}
|[[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
|Home
|2 February 2025
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2025 |title=Abhishek Sharma's milestone innings powers India to victory against England |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/abhishek-sharma-s-milestone-innings-powers-india-to-victory-against-england |access-date=25 March 2025 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=no|Abhishek Sharma|wikt=yes|b=no|s=Abhishek Sharma|v=no|author=yes|d=Q19803999}}
*[https://www.bcci.tv/international/men/players/abhishek-sharma/212 Abhishek Sharma] at [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=1070183}}
* {{IMDb name|10431117}}
* {{Facebook|OfficialAbhishekSharma4}}

{{India Squad 2026 Men's T20 World Cup}}
{{Sunrisers Hyderabad Squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Abhishek}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Amritsar]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Delhi Capitals cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab, India cricketers]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers]]

2020 Delhi

2026-04-30T01:42:59Z

Advsunilnshah: New The Data First Draft...

{{Short description|Upcoming Indian Hindi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 2020 Delhi
| image = 2020 Delhi poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Devendra Malviya
| writer = Devendra Malviya
| story = Devendra Malviya
| producer = Nandkishor Malviya Ashu Malviya Amit Malviya
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Samar Jai Singh]]
*[[Brijendra Kala]]
*Siddharth Bhardwaj
*Devendra Malviya
*Bhupesh Singh
*Vicky Yadav
*Amit Jha
* Chetan Sharma
* Akashdeep Arora
*Diksha Asthana
}}
| cinematography = Kartik Kumar Bhagat
| editing = Sayyed Faraaz
| music =
| studio = Midas Touch Films
| released = {{Film date|2025|11|14|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = 2.25Cr<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Delhi (2025)|url=https://www.sacnilk.com/movie/2020_Delhi_2025 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=Sacnilk |language=en-IN}}</ref>
}}

'''''2020 Delhi''''' is an [[India]]n [[Hindi-language]] [[feature film]] released on 14 November 2025.<ref name="rc">{{Cite web |title=2020 Delhi (2025) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in Delhi |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/delhi/2020-delhi/ET00430706?utm_source=FBLIKE&fbrefresh=1 |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref> Directed by Devendra Malviya and produced by Nandkishore Malviya, Ashu Malviya, and Amit Malviya, the film is made under the banner of Midas Touch Films.<ref>{{cite web |title=विवादों में फंसी ' 2020 दिल्ली ' फिल्म , ट्रेलर रिलीज़ होते ही मचा बवाल, कांग्रेस कर रही बैन की मांग |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/2020-delhi-much-awaited-trailer-released-releasing-in-theatres-on-2-february-2025/2618259 |website=Zee News Hindi |access-date=26 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=दिल्ली दंगों की अनकही कहानी, फिल्म '2020 दिल्ली' में हुईं बयां, ट्रेलर ने खड़े किए रोंगटे |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-film-2020-delhi-narrated-untold-story-of-delhi-riots-trailer-will-give-you-goosebumps-8983840.html |website=News 18 |date=24 January 2025 |access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Row over film on 2020 Delhi riots ahead of polls. Director says 'no involvement of BJP in film' |url=https://theprint.in/politics/row-over-film-on-2020-delhi-riots-ahead-of-polls-director-says-no-involvement-of-bjp-in-film/2470712/ |website=The print |date=2 February 2025 |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi 2020 Released: फिल्म 'दिल्ली 2020' नहीं होगी रिलीज! प्रोड्यूसर ने कहा- हम बिना सर्टिफिकेट… |url=https://www.patrika.com/bollywood-news/delhi-2020-will-not-released-box-office-ott-without-cbfc-certificate-producer-said-in-high-court-our-movie-19363018 |access-date=1 February 2025 |agency=Patrika}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Delhi Movie: दिल्ली दंगों पर आधारित फिल्म के खिलाफ दायर याचिका खारिज |url=https://www.naidunia.com/entertainment/upcoming-movies-2020-delhi-moviepetition-filed-against-the-film-based-on-delhi-riots-rejected-8378955 |website=Naidunia |date=3 February 2025 |access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> It features an ensemble cast including [[Brijendra Kala]], [[Samar Jai Singh]], Bhupesh Singh, Siddharth Bhardwaj, Devendra Maalviya, Chetan Sharma, Akashdeep Arora, Diksha Asthana, Vicky Yadav, and others.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Delhi Trailer Out: Brijendra Kala Starrer Unveils The Untold Truths Of The Delhi Riots |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/2020-delhi-trailer-out-brijendra-kala-starrer-unveils-the-untold-truths-of-the-delhi-riots-1746674 |website=ABPlive |date=25 January 2025 |access-date=25 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Delhi team breaks silence on Congress wanting to stop the film's release |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/video/2020-delhi-team-breaks-silence-on-congress-wanting-to-stop-the-films-release-2673314-2025-02-01 |website=India Today |date=February 2025 |access-date=1 February 2025}}</ref> The film is India’s first one-shot feature film—shot entirely in a single continuous take.<ref>{{cite web |title=रिलीज से पहले ही विवादों में घिरी इंदौर के फिल्म मेकर की '2020 दिल्ली'! बैन करने की याचिका खारिज |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/indore/controversy-indore-filmmaker-dilip-malviyas-film-2020-delhi-petition-to-ban-it-rejected/2637119 |website=Zee Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='2020 Dehli' a social thriller based on Delhi riots, goes on floor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/2020-dehli-a-social-thriller-based-on-delhi-riots-goes-on-floor-101667459545121.html |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Chetan Sharma as Akshay
*Akashdeep Arora as Javed Mansoori
*[[Samar Jai Singh]] as Shabhu Tiwari
*Siddharth Bhardwaj as Sanjay Raaj
*[[Brijendra Kala]] as Radheshyam Nasa
*Devendra Maalviya as Sooraj Paal
*Bhupesh Singh as Ahmadullah Khan
*Vicky Yadav as Md. Samad
*Amit Jha as Mangalnath
*Diksha Asthana as Rukhsana

==Plot==
2020 Delhi unfolds in real-time during the politically and communally volatile days of the Delhi riots of 2020, sparked amid nationwide protests against the [[Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019|Citizenship Amendment Bill]] (CAB) and heightened global attention during the [[Namaste Trump]] event.

As the city descends into chaos, Akshay and Javed, who are from different walks of life, find themselves trapped together in an abandoned factory. They are initially distrustful of each other due to religious differences. They see a local politician, Sanjay Raaj, bringing grenades to the riots. Eventually a police officer confronts the politician.

==Production==
The film was conceptualized in 2020 and draws inspiration from the real-life events surrounding the [[2020 Delhi riots|Delhi riots]] of February 2020. It was filmed entirely in [[Indore]], Madhya Pradesh, over a two-month period. The production’s most distinctive feature is its execution as a [[one-shot film]], requiring precise choreography and coordination.<ref>{{cite web |title='2020 Delhi' की रिलीज पर फैसला सुरक्षित, राजधानी में हुए दंगों पर आधारित है फिल्म |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/2020-delhi-film-release-date-controversy-riots-accused-sharjeel-imam-high-court-appeal-decision-3091353.html |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |date=31 January 2025 |access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi HC dismisses Sharjeel Imam's petition challenging release of film, 2020 Delhi, based on Delhi riots |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/delhi-hc-dismisses-sharjeel-imams-petition-challenging-release-of-film-2020-delhi-based-on-delhi-riots-101738478181045.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=High court sends notice to Centre, CBFC on Delhi riots movie |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/high-court-sends-notice-to-centre-cbfc-on-delhi-riots-movie-101738258753992.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=कश्मीर और केरल के बाद खुलेगी '2020 दिल्ली' की फाइल, ट्रेलर ने खड़े किए रोंगटे |url=https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/bollywood/2020-delhi-to-narrate-untold-story-of-delhi-riots-trailer-giving-goosebumps-2025-01-26-1108378 |website=India Tv |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=26 January 2025}}</ref>The film’s score is composed by Saurabh Mehta.{{Cn|date=January 2026}}

==Release ==
2020 Delhi was originally set to release on 2nd February 2025, right before the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] but this timing was challenged by [[Indian National Congress]] politician [[Abhishek Singhvi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Elections 2025, Congress urges EC to defer release of movie '2020 Delhi' based on communal riots |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/delhi/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-congress-urges-ec-to-defer-the-release-of-movie-2020-delhi-based-on-communal-riots-3373787 |access-date=26 January 2025 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 January 2025 |title=Prevent release of 'divisive' film based on 2020 Delhi riots, Abhishek Singhvi urges EC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prevent-release-of-divisive-film-based-on-2020-delhi-riots-abhishek-singhvi-urges-ec/article69145437.ece |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 2025 |title=Delhi 2020 won't be released without a CBFC certificate, producers assure High Court |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/wont-release-delhi-2020-without-cbfc-nod-producers-high-court-9810217/ |access-date=1 February 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The movie was re-scheduled for release in theatres across India on 14 November 2025.<ref name="rc"/>

== Reception ==
Abhishek Srivastava writing for [[The Times of India]] said the movie "is more noise than nuance" and gave it 2.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek |date=13 November 2025 |title=2020 Delhi Movie Review: A film that says a lot yet struggles to make a point |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/2020-delhi/movie-review/125306532.cms |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* [https://in.bookmyshow.com/delhi/movies/2020-delhi/ET00430706 2020 Delhi] at [[Book My Show]]

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:One-shot films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]

Irai (TV series)

2026-04-28T21:32:16Z

Advsunilnshah: Started new details added tags!

{{short description|Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| genre = {{plainlist |
* [[Crime thriller]]
}}
| director = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
| screenplay = Manoj Kumar Rajesh Manjunath [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''Birds of Prey''|[[Archana Sarat]]}}
| music = [[Ghibran]]
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| location =
| cinematography = S. Yuva
| network = [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2022 |title=Watch irai on Aha Video: Irai was picked up by Aha and made its digital debut on 17 February 2022 |url=https://www.aha.video/webseries/irai}}</ref>
| editor = San Lokesh
| company = Radaan Mediaworks
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| image = Irai_web_series_poster.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Poster
| starring = {{plainlist |
* [[R. Sarathkumar]]
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]]
* [[Abhishek Shankar]]
}}
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| list_episodes = Irai (web series)#Episodes
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=y}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''''Irai''''' ({{Translation|Prey}}) is an Indian Tamil-language [[crime thriller]] [[streaming television]] series produced as an Original for [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]], directed by [[Rajesh M. Selva]].<ref name="Irai announcement ToI" /> Produced by Radaan Mediaworks the series stars [[R. Sarathkumar]] in the lead role along with [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Abhishek Shankar]], Sri Krishna Dayal and Gouri Nair.<ref name="Irai trailer ToI" /> The series was based on the crime novel ''Birds of Prey'' written by [[Archana Sarat]],<ref name="Irai teaser CE" /> and was initially announced with that same title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=Actor Sarath Kumar to make OTT debut with Birds of Prey, see posters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-sarath-kumar-to-make-ott-debut-with-birds-of-prey-see-posters/story-rqYVEOpXUdibdmMdJnB1wL.html |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912124426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-sarath-kumar-to-make-ott-debut-with-birds-of-prey-see-posters/story-rqYVEOpXUdibdmMdJnB1wL.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The series comprised six episodes and was released on [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]] on 18 February 2022.<ref name="Irai Aha CE" />

==Synopsis==
In autumn 1985, ACP Robert Vasudevan investigates the mysterious disappearances of men from the city's affluent families and finds an inexplicable pattern in the abductions, leading him and his team to one common link. Upon conclusion of the investigation, there is only one woman who is standing between Robert and justice.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Robert Vasudevan
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Subbaraj
* [[Abhishek Shankar]] as Sivakumar
* Sri Krishna Dayal as Ashok Kumar
* [[Gouri Nair]] as Devi
* [[Ravindra Vijay]]
* [[Gokul Anand]]
* Karuppu Nambiar as Manikandan
* Shrisha as Anita Subramaniam
* Sriranjani Prabhu
* [[Rethika Srinivas]] as NGO Head
* Vaanmadhi
* Dinesh Damodaran as S.I Rajeev
}}

==Reception==
The series opened to positive reviews. Bhuvanesh Chandar of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the series with 3/5 stars, stating that, "What stands apart in this series is Sarath Kumar’s acting. The actor looks the part and is well-aware of what the role demands from him. Even in shots that can easily be tagged as ‘mass-y’, it is Robert who we see. Irai is also helped majorly by its splendid cinematography and editing. The transitions are creatively well done. If Irai goes on to tap into its enormous potential and rights its wrongs for the next season, it might just turn out to be our very own Happy Valley/Broadchurch. And we have waited long enough to deserve such content."<ref name="Irai review NIE" /> ''OTTplay.com'' gave a rating of 2.5 out on 5 and wrote, "Irai is a web show that is appealing because of its genre and the lead. It offers viewers a crime thriller that is worth binging. However telling two stories simultaneously might throw off the audience a bit."<ref name="Irai review OP" />

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=#295354 |EpisodeNumber = | EpisodeNumber2 = |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR=|country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = The Ripple Effect
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = At the break of dawn, Kodaikanal suddenly becomes a hotspot for a high-profile influential politician missing case. Veteran police officer, ACP Robert Vasudevan is called in to investigate.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Skeletons In The Closet
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Traveling back to late 80's the story unearths Sivakumar's dark past like a can of worms. In the present, Anita, the officer-in-charge of the case, begins to have second thoughts about Robert's eccentric ways of dealing the case.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The Past
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Sivakumar dwells in torture in a dark and damp cellar. Robert takes a little detour to revisit a place that holds traumatic memories from the past. In Devi's timeline, she takes an unexpected decision that will forever change Swarna's life.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = The Suspect
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = An international school in town, keeps catches Robert's attention in his investigation. Heera from the NGO becomes a primary suspect.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Lost & Found
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = A janitor from the school falls into the radar of Robert's suspects. Meanwhile, Sivakumar tries to execute his escape plan. In a mix-up of things, Robert ends up arriving alone to what could very well be the hideout of the kidnapper.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Truth Will Set You Free
|DirectedBy = [[Rajesh M. Selva]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Robert has a face-off with Sumithran. In astrange turn of events the other abductor surrenders to the police. As the case is being closed and normalcy returns, Robert is being lured to a door from the past.
|LineColor = #295354
}}
}}

== Release ==
Along with the original [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version, the series has also been released with dubbed version in [[Hindi]] & [[Marathi language]] titled as '''Kodai Diaries''' which is available to watch on [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play]] & [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]] app respectively.

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Irai announcement ToI">{{Cite web |title=Director Rajesh M Selva's web show 'Irai' to be out in 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/director-rajesh-m-selvas-web-show-irai-to-be-out-in-2022/videoshow/88130186.cms |url-status=live |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/director-rajesh-m-selvas-web-show-irai-to-be-out-in-2022/videoshow/88130186.cms?from=mdr }}</ref>

<ref name="Irai trailer ToI">{{Cite web |title='Irai' Trailer: R. Sarathkumaar and Nizhalgal Ravi starrer 'Irai' Official Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/tamil/irai-trailer-video-r-sarathkumaar-and-nizhalgal-ravi-starrer-irai-official-trailer-video/videoshow/89635445.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=21 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221134210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/tamil/irai-trailer-video-r-sarathkumaar-and-nizhalgal-ravi-starrer-irai-official-trailer-video/videoshow/89635445.cms }}</ref>

<ref name="Irai teaser CE">{{Cite web |title=Irai teaser out: Sarathkumar is a sleuth on a thrilling hunt |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/feb/09/irai-teaser-out-sarathkumaris-a-sleuth-on-a-thrillinghunt-29644.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=9 February 2022 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929073533/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/feb/09/irai-teaser-out-sarathkumaris-a-sleuth-on-a-thrillinghunt-29644.html }}</ref>

<ref name="Irai Aha CE">{{Cite web |title=Irai to Mad Company, Aha announces new Tamil originals |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/13/irai-to-mad-company-aha-announces-new-tamil-originals-29714.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214092102/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/13/irai-to-mad-company-aha-announces-new-tamil-originals-29714.html }}</ref>

<ref name="Irai review NIE">{{Cite web |title=Sarath kumar shines in a series that needed more depth |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/feb/19/sarath-kumar-shines-in-a-series-that-needed-more-depth-2421121.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=19 February 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219084127/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/feb/19/sarath-kumar-shines-in-a-series-that-needed-more-depth-2421121.html }}</ref>

<ref name="Irai review OP">{{Cite web |title=Irai review: Sarathkumar's series is convoluted but offers some genuine moments of thrills |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/irai-review-sarathkumars-series-is-convoluted-but-offers-some-genuine-moments-of-thrills/cdbfbf64e05 |url-status=live |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=ottplay.com |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218083950/https://www.ottplay.com/review/irai-review-sarathkumars-series-is-convoluted-but-offers-some-genuine-moments-of-thrills/cdbfbf64e05 }}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|16227378}}
*''[https://www.aha.video/webseries/irai Irai]'' at [[aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]]
*''[https://www.ultraplay.in/series/kodai-diaries/40ziu9rtibdq Kodai Diaries (Hindi)]'' at [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Play OTT]]
*''[https://www.ultrajhakaas.com/series/kodai-diaries/bf1zhzjcwi7h Kodai Diaries (Marathi)]'' at [[Ultra Media & Entertainment|Ultra Jhakaas]]

[[Category:Aha (streaming service) original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime television series]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]

List of Vikram rocket launches

2026-04-27T07:55:54Z

Advsunilnshah: created a info!

{{Short description|List of rocket launches by Skyroot Aerospace}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
This article lists all the previous and planned launches of [[Vikram (rocket family)|Vikram series]] rockets, developed by [[Skyroot Aerospace]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=FOUNDATION |first=OBSERVER RESEARCH |title=Skyroot creates a new ‘Prarambh’ for Indian space |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/skyroot-creates-a-new-prarambh-for-indian-space |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-29 |title=India's Private Space Race Lifts Off with Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/india-sees-singapore-as-valued-partner-as-its-private-sector-space-race-is-set-to-lift-off |access-date=2025-11-15 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> As of now, Not a single orbital launch has been conducted yet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Ayush |date=2022-11-18 |title=Skyroot Makes History, Launches Vikram-S – India’s First Private Rocket {{!}} AIM |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/ai-news-updates/skyroot-makes-history-launches-vikram-s-indias-first-private-rocket/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Analytics India Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhok |first=Swati Gupta,Diksha |date=2022-11-18 |title=India’s first private rocket Vikram-S is launched into space {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/18/business/india-skyroot-vikram-s-rocket-launch-hnk-intl |access-date=2025-09-04 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

== Launch history ==
=== Suborbital ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;"
| colspan=5 style="background:white;" |

=== 2022-2029 ===
|-
! rowspan="3" |Date/Time ([[UTC]]) 
! rowspan="2" |Payload
!Launch site
!Regime
!Status
|-
!Flight Number
!Operator
!Function
|-
! colspan="4" |Remarks
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
|-

| rowspan="3" |18 November 2022
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|India}} [[Vikram-S]]
|Satish Dhawan - Sounding Rocket Complex
|[[Sub-orbital spaceflight|Suborbital]]
|{{Success}}
|-
|{{N/A}}
|[[Skyroot Aerospace]]
|Tech demonstration
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |First suborbital flight by any Indian private company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsdesk |first=PGurus |date=2022-11-18 |title=Vikram-S: ISRO launches India's first privately developed rocket as part of Prarambh Mission |url=https://www.pgurus.com/vikram-s-isro-launches-indias-first-privately-developed-rocket-as-part-of-prarambh-mission/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=PGurus |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Orbital ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;"
| colspan="6" style="background:white;" |

=== 2026-2029 ===
|-
! rowspan="3" |Date/Time ([[UTC]]) 
! rowspan="2" |Rocket
! rowspan="2" |Payload
!Launch site
!Regime
!Status
|-
!Flight Number
!Operator
!Function
|-
!
! colspan="4" |Remarks
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
|-

| rowspan="3" |Q1 2026
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Vikram (rocket family)|Vikram-I]]
| 
|[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre#First Launch Pad|Satish Dhawan FLP]]
|[[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
|{{Scheduled}}
|-
|
|CX-6
|TBA
|Catalyx Space
|TBA
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
|
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |Maiden flight of Vikram-I rocket.<ref>{{cite web |title=CX-6 |url=https://iaru.amsat-uk.org/formal_detail.php?serialnum=1056 |access-date=28 August 2025 |work=IARU}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/skyroot-begins-vikram-i-payload-fairing-tests-preps-for-static-fire-test-2675175-2025-02-05 | title=Skyroot begins VIkram-I payload fairing tests, preps for static fire test | date=5 February 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|}

== Future launches ==
{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="font-size:small;"
|-
! rowspan="3" |Date/Time ([[UTC]]) 
! rowspan="2" |Payload
!Launch site
!Regime
!Status
|-
!Flight Number
!Operator
!Function
|-
! colspan="4" |Remarks
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
|-

| rowspan="3" |2026
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|India}} TBA
|[[Satish Dhawan Space Centre#First Launch Pad|Satish Dhawan - FLP]]
|[[Low Earth orbit|LEO]]
|{{Planned}}
|-
|TBA
|TBA
|TBA
|- style="border-bottom: double 5px grey"
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#e3e9e9;" |TBA
|-

|}

== See also ==
[[List of Agnibaan launches]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}

[[Category:Lists of rocket launches|Skyroot Aerospace]]

Panachand Meghwal

2026-04-24T17:58:47Z

Advsunilnshah: starting new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pana Chand Meghwal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kanwarpura, [[Rajasthan]], India
| office = [[Member Of Legislative Assembly]], [[Rajasthan]]
| constituency = [[Baran-Atru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baran-Atru]]
| term_start = 11 December 2018
| term_end = 15 August 2022
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| children =
| successor = [[Radheyshayam Bairwa]]
| predecessor = Rampal
}}

'''Pana Chand Meghwal ''' is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]] and former member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]. He is elected to represent the [[Baran-Atru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baran-Atru]] Constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/rajasthan2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=2366|title=Pana Chand Meghwal(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- BARAN-ATRU (SC)(BARAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/rajasthan/candidates/pana-chand-meghwal-inc-2018-baran-atru-195|title=Pana Chand Meghwal INC Candidate 2018 विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम Baran-atru|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/rajasthan-election/article/baran-atru-assembly-constituency-election-2018-polls-rajasthan-vasundhara-raje-bharatiya-janata-party-bjp-congress-sachin-pilot-babu-lal-verma/321578|title=Baran-Atru Assembly Election Result 2018: INC's Pana Chand Meghwal wins against BJP's Baboo Lal Verma|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=12 December 2018|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref> He wrote an application for resignation from the Rajasthan Assembly on 15 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In pain over atrocities on Dalits, Rajasthan MLA Pana Chand Meghwal decides to resign |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/aug/15/in-pain-over-atrocities-on-dalits-rajasthan-mla-pana-chand-meghwal-decides-to-resign-2487816.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The New Indian Express |date=15 August 2022 }}</ref> Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on [[Dalit]]s, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to Chief Minister [[Ashok Gehlot]], stating that he does not have the right to remain as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2022 |title=Rajasthan Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal quits over atrocities against dalits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-congress-mla-pana-chand-meghwal-quits-over-atrocities-against-dalits/articleshow/93581074.cms |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> However, his resignation was not accepted, and he continues to serve as an MLA.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meghwal, Pana Chand}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Baran district]]

{{Rajasthan-INC-politician-stub}}

Kuldip Singh (judge)

2026-04-23T17:30:19Z

Advsunilnshah: Started the bio v1

{{Short description|Indian judge (1932–2024)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kuldip Singh
| image =
| office = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| nominator =
| term_start = 14 December 1988
| term_end = 21 December 1996
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = Chairperson of [[Delimitation Commission of India]]
| term_start1 = 12 July 2002
| term_end1 = 2003
| nominator1 =
| appointer1 = [[Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]]
| predecessor1 = [[J. L. Kapur]] (1973)
| successor1 = [[Ranjana Prakash Desai]] (2020)
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1932|01|01}}
| birth_place = [[Jhelum]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]] (now [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|11|25|1932|01|01}}
| death_place = [[Chandigarh]], India
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[Punjab University, Chandigarh|Punjab University]] [[University College London]] [[Lincoln's Inn]]
| signature =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| awards =
}}

'''Kuldip Singh''' (1 January 1932 – 25 November 2024) was an Indian attorney and judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]. Following his retirement from the Supreme Court, he headed the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission of 2002]] that was tasked with [[Electoral boundary delimitation|redrawing the boundaries]] of the various state [[Legislative assembly|assemblies]] and [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies based on the [[2001 Census of India|2001 census]].<ref name="Pathak">{{Cite web|author=Pathak, Japan K.|title=Sharing the final delimitation order of Gujarat, and its background|newspaper=DeshGujarat|date=12 August 2012|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2012/08/11/sharing-the-final-delimitation-order-of-gujarat-and-its-background/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813183253/http://deshgujarat.com/2012/08/11/sharing-the-final-delimitation-order-of-gujarat-and-its-background|archive-date=13 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh received his education from Col. Brown Cambridge School, followed by his first law degree from [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]] in 1955 and a second one from the [[University of London]] in 1958. He served as a barrister-at-law at [[Lincoln's Inn]] in London before returning to India in 1959.<ref name="Official-bio">{{Cite web|title=Former Judges: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Kuldip Singh|publisher=Supreme Court of India|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/66_ksingh.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414235106/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/66_ksingh.htm|archive-date=14 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh was appointed to the Supreme Court on 14 December 1988 and retired on 21 December 1996.<ref name="Official-bio" />

Singh died on 25 November 2024, at the age of 92.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Surender |title=Former Supreme Court 'green judge' Kuldip Singh passes away |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/former-supreme-court-green-judge-kuldip-singh-passes-away-101732603643949-amp.html |access-date=26 November 2024 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=26 November 2024}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite news|author=Kang, Bhavdeep and Haryana|title=More Than A Green Judge|date=22 January 1997|newspaper=Outlook India (magazine)|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?202888|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026084611/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?202888|archive-date=26 October 2010 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web|title=Punjab and Haryana High Court Justice Kuldip Singh in Chandigarh' given deadline to Punjab government in land matter|publisher=Bol Punjabi|date=5 September 2012|url=http://www.bparco.com/news/punjab-haryana-high-court-justice-kuldip-singh-chandigarh%E2%80%99-deadline-punjab-government-land-matter/|access-date=30 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116165021/http://www.bparco.com/news/punjab-haryana-high-court-justice-kuldip-singh-chandigarh%E2%80%99-deadline-punjab-government-land-matter/ |archive-date=16 November 2013|url-status=dead}}
{{Clear}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kuldip}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:Alumni of the UCL Faculty of Laws]]
[[Category:People from Jhelum]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Sunita Choudhary

2026-04-21T22:48:56Z

Advsunilnshah: created basic article first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sunita Choudhary
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]
| spouse = Chandra Prakash Choudhary
| office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ramgarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ramgarh]]
| term_start = 10 March 2023
| term_end = 23 November 2024
| predecessor = [[Mamta Devi]]
| successor = Mamta Devi
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sunita Choudhary''' is an Indian politician of [[All Jharkhand Students Union]]. She was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]] constituency, [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chitre |first=Manjiri |date=2023-03-02 |title=AJSU's Sunita Choudhary wins Ramgarh seat, defeats Congress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jharkhand-bypoll-ajsu-s-sunita-choudhary-wins-ramgarh-seat-defeats-congress-101677755488458.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-03-02 |title=BJP-backed AJSU candidate Sunita Choudhary wins Ramgarh bypoll |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jharkhand-bjp-backed-ajsu-candidate-sunita-choudhary-wins-ramgarh-bypoll/articleshow/98367838.cms |access-date=2023-03-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She defeated [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party's candidate by 21,970 votes in the by poll held on 27 February 2023.<ref name=":0" /> She is the wife of [[Chandra Prakash Choudhary]].

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhary, Sunita}}
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All Jharkhand Students Union politicians]]

{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}

Kuttalam Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:59:59Z

Advsunilnshah: Started first post w/ refs

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1967
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| loksabha_cons =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| mla = Anbazhagan. K Kuttalam
| name = Kuttalam
| electors= 1,67,513
| reservation =
| abolished= 2008
}}
'''Kuttalam''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archivedate=14 June 2012 }}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.

The constituency was disestablished in the year 2008.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[S. Ganesan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[R. Rajamanickam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| R. Rajamanickam
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[Pappa Subramanian]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| R. Rajamanickam
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[S. Asaimani]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[P. Kalayanam Kuttalam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[Natarajan (Kuttalam MLA)|Natarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[Anbazhagam Kuttalam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Kuttalam K. Anbazhagan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,841 |percentage=51.77% |change=5.42% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajendran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,236 |percentage=42.78% |change=-5.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sarangambani |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=3,240 |percentage=2.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Malarvizhi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,435 |percentage=1.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Kathamuthu Sharma |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=905 |percentage=0.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Mohana Sundaram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=813 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Kudiyarasan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=653 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,605 |percentage=8.99% |change=6.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=129,123 |percentage=77.08% |change= 8.06% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 167,513 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.12% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Natarajan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,921 |percentage=48.64% |change=17.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kalyanam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,277 |percentage=46.34% |change=-7.80% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. S. Mohan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,054 |percentage=1.79% |change=-4.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramadoss |party=Independent politician |votes=1,585 |percentage=1.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Senthi Vasan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,028 |percentage=0.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Dhakshinamoorthi |party=Independent politician |votes=872 |percentage=0.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Anbalagan |party=Independent politician |votes=228 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,644 |percentage=2.30% |change=-20.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=114,965 |percentage=69.03% |change= -6.06% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,639 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.50% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Kalayanam Kuttalam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,940 |percentage=54.14% |change=18.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rajendran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,219 |percentage=31.29% |change=-25.73% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pappa Subramanian |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=8,267 |percentage=7.34% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Rajamanickam]] |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,424 |percentage=6.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. V. Murugan |party=Independent politician |votes=139 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kaliaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=133 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Sabarulla |party=Independent politician |votes=77 |percentage=0.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=74 |percentage=0.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Abdul Jaleel |party=Independent politician |votes=70 |percentage=0.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Nacooran |party=Independent politician |votes=66 |percentage=0.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balasubramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=63 |percentage=0.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,721 |percentage=22.85% |change=1.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,557 |percentage=75.09% |change= 0.26% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 157,532 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.87% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S.Asaimani|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,617 |percentage=57.02% |change=41.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ko. Si. Mani]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,866 |percentage=35.62% |change=-11.95% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kasinathan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=7,036 |percentage=6.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Ramakrishanan |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=261 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=228 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. Sabarulla |party=Independent politician |votes=222 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Singara Muthusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=85 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,751 |percentage=21.40% |change=-3.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=106,315 |percentage=74.83% |change= -0.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,950 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.45% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Rajamanickam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,559 |percentage=47.57% |change=4.23% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Dhinakaran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,609 |percentage=22.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Rethinam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,843 |percentage=15.85% |change=-39.78% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rajendran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=12,451 |percentage=12.45% |change=-43.17% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Mailaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=869 |percentage=0.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Saminatha Odayar |party=Independent politician |votes=245 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Balu |party=Independent politician |votes=243 |percentage=0.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Ramalinga Shatriyar |party=Independent politician |votes=166 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,950 |percentage=24.95% |change=12.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,985 |percentage=75.01% |change= -7.47% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,941 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.06% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Pappa Subbramanian |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,214 |percentage=55.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajamanickam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,454 |percentage=43.33% |change=-10.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rama Sampath |party=Independent politician |votes=621 |percentage=0.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Rajendran |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=376 |percentage=0.39% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,760 |percentage=12.29% |change=-0.84% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,665 |percentage=82.48% |change= 7.87% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,416 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.24% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Rajamanickam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,254 |percentage=53.39% |change=13.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Veeraiyan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=33,364 |percentage=40.25% |change=11.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Idumpaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,274 |percentage=6.36% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,890 |percentage=13.14% |change=2.44% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,892 |percentage=74.61% |change= 3.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,552 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 13.47% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajamaniam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,819 |percentage=39.92% |change=-14.66% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Veeraiyan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=22,556 |percentage=29.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Dhakshinamurthy Kalingaryar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,666 |percentage=25.47% |change=-9.92% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Govindarajan Pon |party=Janata Party |votes=3,924 |percentage=5.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. B. Jaganatha Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=241 |percentage=0.31% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,263 |percentage=10.70% |change=-8.48% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,206 |percentage=71.26% |change= -9.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,107 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.66% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Ganesan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,781 |percentage=54.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. K. Deen |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,554 |percentage=35.39% |change=-7.08% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Nataraja Pillai |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,886 |percentage=9.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Somasundaram |party=Independent politician |votes=512 |percentage=0.80% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,227 |percentage=19.18% |change=7.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,733 |percentage=80.94% |change= -0.63% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,421 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 0.58% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Kuttalam<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=G. B. Mohan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=31,548 |percentage=53.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sivakadaksham |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,812 |percentage=42.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Subbaih |party=Independent politician |votes=1,243 |percentage=2.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. B. J. Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=825 |percentage=1.41% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,736 |percentage=11.53% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,428 |percentage=81.58% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,359 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |accessdate=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archivedate=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|11.1|N|79.55|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Thota Gopala Krishna

2026-04-18T17:42:19Z

Advsunilnshah: created some info initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thota Gopala Krishna
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1945|03|27|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2012|01|05|1945|03|27}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/thota-gopala-krishna-passes-away-242692/ | title=Thota Gopala Krishna passes away | publisher=Siasat Times | date=6 January 2012 | accessdate=6 January 2021}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kirlampudi]], [[East Godavari]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]](Now in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India)
| death_place =
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2004
| term_end = 2009
| successor = [[Pantam Gandhi Mohan]]
| predecessor = Boddu Bhaskara Ramarao
| constituency = [[Peddapuram (Assembly constituency)|Peddapuram]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term1 = 1996-1998
| predecessor1 = Thota Subba Rao
| successor1 = [[Venkata Krishnam Raju Uppalapati]]
| constituency1 = [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]
| term2 = 1984-1989
| predecessor2 = [[M. S. Sanjeevi Rao]]
| successor2 = [[Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju]]
| constituency2 = [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]], [[YSR Congress]]
| spouse = Atchuta Mani
| children = One son and one daughter
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/3211?from=amembers&former=1&profileURL=https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3211.htm
}}
'''Thota''' '''Gopala Krishna''' (1945–2012) was an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]], from the [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]] as a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref name="Secretariat1991">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha. Secretariat|title=Parliament of India, the Eighth Lok Sabha, 1985-89: a study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s8iNAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Published for Lok Sabha Secretariat [by] Northern Book Centre|page=130}}</ref><ref name="Secretariat1986">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha. Secretariat|title=Committees and Other Bodies on which Lok Sabha is Represented Wholly Or Partially|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKa2AAAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=6}}</ref><ref name="PeopleSabha1989">{{cite book|author1=India. Parliament. House of the People|author2=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha|title=Lok Sabha Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECQ3AAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA291|year=1989|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=292}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/3211?from=amembers&former=1&profileURL=https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3211.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thota, Gopal Krishna}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]

First Chaliha ministry

2026-04-05T16:58:01Z

Advsunilnshah: bio

{{Short description|Cabinet of Assam, India (1957–1962)}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 4th
| image =
| image_size = 150
| caption =
| date_formed = 27 December 1957
| date_dissolved = 1 March 1962
| government_head = [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]]
| government_head_title = Chief Minister
| state_head = [[Fazl Ali|Saiyid Fazl Ali]] {{small|(until 22 Aug 1959)}} [[Chandreswar Prasad Sinha]] {{small|(23 Aug–14 Oct 1959)}} [[S. M. Shrinagesh]] {{small|(14 Oct 1959 – 12 Nov 1960)}} [[Vishnu Sahay]] {{small|(12 Nov 1960 – 13 Jan 1961)}} Vishnu Sahay {{small|(13 Jan 1961 – 7 Sep 1962)}}
| state_head_title = Governor
| opposition_party =
| opposition_leader =
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| election = [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| last_election = [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| legislature_term =
| previous = [[Third Medhi ministry]]
| successor = [[Second Chaliha ministry]]
}}
The '''First Chaliha ministry''' was the state ministry of Assam headed by Chief Minister [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]] of the [[Indian National Congress]] from 27 December 1957 and served until the [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1962 Assembly election]]. Bimala Prasad Chaliha replaced chief minister [[Bishnuram Medhi]] on 27 December 1957 to become the state's third chief minister.

The ministry remained in office until the party's re-election in 1962 and after the formation of the government for a second term under the leadership of chief minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha.

==Composition==
The ministry was formed on 27 December 1957 and sworn in into office by Governor [[Fazl Ali|Saiyid Fazl Ali]]. It consisted of Chief Minister Bimala Prasad Chaliha, eight cabinet ministers and three deputy ministers. The cabinet ministers included [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], [[Debeswar Sarmah]], [[Rupnath Brahma]], Kamakhya Prasad Tripathi, Hareswar Das, Mahendra Nath Hazarika, [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]], and [[Williamson A. Sangma]]; while the deputy ministers were [[Girindra Nath Gogoi]], Biswadev Sarma, and Larsingh Khyriem. Four others were appointed as parliamentary secretaries, which included [[A. Thanglura]], Pu Lalmawia, [[Lalit Kumar Doley]], and Sai Sai Terang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aladigitallibrary.in/bitstream/123456789/1647/1/ALA_Debates_The_24th_February_1959.pdf|title=Assam Legislative Assembly Debates: Budget Session Volume I, No. 1|date=24 February 1959|website=aladigitallibrary.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bimala Prasad Chaliha ministry|page=11|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf |publisher=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ |accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref>

Of among the ministers, [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] and [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]] would later go on to become cabinet ministers in the union government under prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]]. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed would later become the 5th [[President of India]] in 1974. Another minister, [[Williamson A. Sangma]] later served as the inaugural [[Chief Minister of Meghalaya]] in 1972.

==Ministers==
===Cabinet Ministers===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Assam|'''Chief Minister''']] and also in-charge of: Department of Appointments Department of Political Department of General Administration Department of Secretariat Administration Department of Relief and Rehabilitation Minority Commission Department of Co-operation And all other departments and subjects not allocated to any other minister.
| minister1 = [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Badarpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Badarpur]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Finance Minister of Community Projects and National Extension Service Blocks Minister of Local Self Government Minister of Judicial and Legislative
| minister1 = [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Jania Assembly constituency|Jania]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Public Works Development (Roads and Buildings) Minister of Jails Minister of Education
| minister1 = [[Debeswar Sarmah]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Jorhat Assembly constituency|Jorhat]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Medical and Public Health Minister of Printing and Stationery Minister of Registration and Stamps
| minister1 = [[Rupnath Brahma]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Kokrajhar
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Planning and Development Minister of Statistics Minister of Labour Minister of Town and Country Planning Minister of Industries Minister of Power (Electricity) Minister of Trade and Commerce
| minister1 = [[Kamakhya Prasad Tripathi]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Biswanath Assembly constituency|Biswanath]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Revenue Minister of Forests Minister of Excise
| minister1 = Hareswar Das
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = North Salmara
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Rural Development (Panchayats) Minister of Sericulture and Weaving Minister of Khadi and Village Industries Boards
| minister1 = Mahendra Nath Hazarika
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Nowgong Assembly constituency|Nowgong]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Department of Agriculture and Horticulture (Assam)#Ministers|Minister of Agriculture]] Minister of Pisciculture Minister of Veterinary and Livestock Minister of Supply (Consumer Goods and Textile) Minister of Parliamentary Affairs Minister of Flood Control and Irrigation Minister of Co-operatives
| minister1 = [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Silchar East
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of Tribal Areas Minister of Publicity and Information Minister of Transport
| minister1 = [[Williamson A. Sangma]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Phulbari Assembly constituency|Phulbari]]
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

===Deputy Ministers===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Deputy Minister in the Department of Public Works Department (Roads and Buildings) Deputy Minister in the Department of Local Self-Government
| minister1 = [[Girindra Nath Gogoi]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Sibsagar Assembly constituency|Sibsagar]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Deputy Minister in the Department of Co-operatives Deputy Minister in the Department of Labour Deputy Minister in the Department of Political Sufferers
| minister1 = Biswadev Sarma
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Balipara
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[Department of Agriculture and Horticulture (Assam)|Deputy Minister in the Department of Agriculture]] Deputy Minister in the Department of Cottage and Village Industries
| minister1 = Larsingh Khyriem
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Jowai Assembly constituency|Jowai]]
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

===Parliamentary Secretaries===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
! Constituency
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Community Projects Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Transport
| minister1 = [[A. Thanglura]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Aijal West
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Tribal Areas Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Printing and Stationery Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Publicity and Information
| minister1 = Pu. Lalmawia
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Aijal East
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Forests Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Tribal Areas Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Social Welfare
| minister1 = [[Lalit Kumar Doley]]
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = [[Moran Assembly constituency|Moran]]
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Parliamentary Secretary in the Department of Relief and Rehabilitation
| minister1 = Sai Sai Terang
| minister1_termstart = 28 December 1957
| minister1_termend = 1 March 1962
| minister1_party = Indian National Congress
| minister1_ref = Mikir Hills East
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Template:Assam ministries}}
[[Category:Assam ministries|Chaliha I]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Assam|Chaliha I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1957|Chaliha I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1962|Chaliha II]]

Son Rise

2026-04-05T07:00:53Z

Advsunilnshah: created the details initial version

{{short description|2019 Indian documentary film}}
{{About|an Indian documenary film|a home-based program for children and adults|Son-Rise}}
{{Distinguish|Son-Rise: A Miracle of Love|Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Son Rise
| image = Son Rise film poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Vibha Bakshi]]
| producer = Vibha Bakshi
| starring =
| cinematography =Attar Singh Saini
| editing = [[Hemanti Sarkar]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|02|19}}
| runtime = 49 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi, English
}}

'''''Son Rise''''' is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language documentary film directed and produced by [[Vibha Bakshi]]. The film is set in Haryana, infamous for its strongly embedded patriarchy. Yet, from this unlikeliest place, Vibha Bakshi's ''Son Rise'' follows those men who are trying to break the shackles of patriarchy and fight for women's rights.<ref name="The hindu"/><ref name="News18">{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Vaishali |title=Teach Boys About Gender Equality at 15 Not 50, Says National Award Winning Director Vibha Bakshi |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/teach-boys-at-15-not-50-says-national-award-winning-director-vibha-bakshi-2415827.html |work=[[News18]] |date=8 December 2019}}</ref>

''Son Rise'' has been a recipient of numerous accolades, including the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]] awarded to Vibha Bakshi as both director and producer and the [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Editing]], awarded to Hemanti Sarkar, at [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Son Rise: A few good men wage war against patriarchy in Haryana |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/son-rise-a-few-good-men-wage-war-against-patriarchy-in-haryana-48283 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Indian Express"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Documentary shows fight against gender violence in Haryana - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/documentary-shows-fight-against-gender-violence-in-haryana/articleshow/72169210.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The National Award ceremony was followed by a reception hosted by [[President of India]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]] at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-21|title=66th National Film Awards: Vice President Venkaiah Naidu to give away awards on Monday, Dadasaheb Phalke honour for Amitabh Bachchan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/66th-national-film-awards-vice-president-venkaiah-naidu-to-give-away-awards-on-monday-dadasaheb-phalke-honour-for-amitabh-bachchan/story-VrS9YJ88LzyynWU2OJhbRI.html|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Son Rise has been selected to be showcased as part of [[United Nations]] global [[HeForShe]] movement across 71 countries.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2021-06-30|title='Son Rise' to represent India at the Festival of Feature and Television Films of the SCO|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/son-rise-to-represent-india-at-the-festival-of-feature-and-television-films-of-the-sco/article35057220.ece|access-date=2021-07-01|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

''Son Rise'' was selected as the opening film at Indian Panorama, at [[50th International Film Festival of India]] (IFFI)<ref>{{cite news |title=A World of Gender Equality |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=153771 |date=20 November 2019 | first=Dolcy | last=D’Cruz | publisher=heraldgoa.in | accessdate=30 May 2021}}</ref> and was awarded the Best Documentary at the [[New York Indian Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2020-08-04|title='Moothon', 'Son Rise' win awards at 20th New York Indian Film Festival|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/moothon-son-rise-win-awards-at-20th-new-york-indian-film-festival/article32266278.ece|access-date=2021-12-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and the Jury Award for Best Documentary at the [[Mumbai International Film Festival]]. The MIFF jury citation said "A strong and powerful film that gives us a fresh perspective in combating India's crisis on gender inequality with a clear potential for impacting social change".<ref>{{cite news |title=MIFF Awards 2020 |url=https://miff.in/miff-awards-2020/}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The documentary is filmed in [[Haryana]] which borders the capital, [[New Delhi]]. The state's deep-rooted patriarchal norms have led to illegal yet rampant gender-selective abortions resulting in the nearly complete absence of girls in the state's villages. This, in turn, has led to [[bride buying]]/[[bride kidnapping]] traffic and provoked an unprecedented number of crimes against women. While shedding light on these prevalent issues, the film focuses on ordinary men from [[patriarchal]] rural India who have emerged as gender rights heroes.<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=Majumdar |first1=Anushree |title=In Son Rise, award-winning filmmaker Vibha Bakshi captures the horrors of female foeticide in Haryana |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/son-rise-documentary-fim-female-foeticide-no-country-for-women-5703577/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="News18"/>

=== People featured ===
The documentary features Jitender Chattar, a farmer who in a traditional marriage arranged by parents defies society by marrying Kusam, who was gang-raped by 8 men. The film follows Jitender's unshakeable resolve to secure justice for his wife.<ref name="Hindustan2">{{cite news |title='I vowed to punish my wife's rapists,' says husband of rape survivor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-vowed-to-punish-my-wife-s-rapists-says-husband-of-rape-survivor/story-PYgAian71kgQvGaKjTY8bN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=14 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

The film also follows [[Sunil Jaglan]], a [[village chief]], and father of two daughters, who is fighting for the inclusion of women in the male-dominated areas of local governance despite detractors filing false lawsuits against him.<ref name="HT">{{cite news |title='Why force women to give birth to boys?' asks Selfie with Daughter campaigner |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-force-women-to-give-birth-to-boys-asks-selfie-with-daughter-campaigner/story-qNcEe4JjPplVJLMWLa4d7K.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Also featured in the documentary is Baljit Singh, the Chief of the largest and most influential rural clan in India who is daring to challenge, the age-old tradition of male dominance, at the cost of his own authority and popularity.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Labonita |title=Heartland heroes |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/heartland-heroes/articleshow/67923024.cms |work=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |date=10 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hindustan1">{{cite news |title='Women no longer need to wear the veil,' says Haryana khap leader |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/women-no-longer-need-to-wear-the-veil-says-haryana-khap-leader/story-vPsTgnvsNCbujpW2iSMrsJ.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Dyuti |title=Vibha Bakshi's latest documentary Son Rise shows a new side of the women's rights movement |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-vibha-bakshi-s-latest-documentary-son-rise-shows-a-new-side-of-the-women-s-rights-movement-2730118 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=17 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== United Nations Partnership ==
The film was unveiled in February 2019 at [[Royal Opera House (Mumbai)]] by [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Under-Secretary-General]] [[Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka]] and is now showcased as part of United Nations's global HeForShe movement.<ref name="The hindu">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Namrata |title=Consulates to host screening of Son Rise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/consulates-to-host-screening-of-son-rise/article26936952.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 April 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Prior to the premiere of the film, ''Son Rise'' was featured in the [[Hindustan Times]] 360 degrees campaign series "Let's Talk About It", a first for a documentary in India.<ref name="Hindustan1"/><ref name="Hindustan2"/><ref name="HT"/>

== Production ==
The documentary was shot in Haryana over a period of 2 years. The film team succeeded in getting men from the male-dominated panchayats (village councils) to speak up on gender justice and at the same time question men of the most patriarchal state on gender rights. In the process, Vibha Bakshi and her team identified and followed the legal, and societal battles of Kusam, a gang rape survivor, and her husband in their fight for justice.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Anuragha |title=Her story is his story |url=https://www.sakaltimes.com/art-culture/her-story-his-story-41809 |work=[[Sakaal Times]] |date=10 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Release ==
=== Impact ===
In April 2019, all Consuls General of the world in [[Mumbai]] jointly hosted the special screening of Son Rise at the National Museum of Indian Cinema, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Film Club |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/the-informer/the-woman-in-black/articleshow/69087578.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=30 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai consulates came together to support Vibha Bakshi's Son Rise |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/05/consulates-watch-film-on-gender-rights-1972775.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=5 May 2019}}</ref> Subsequently, for the [[International Day of the Girl Child]], in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Special screening of National Award-winning film 'Son Rise' in Delhi |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/special-screening-of-national-award-winning-film-son-rise-in-delhi-119101001439_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=10 October 2019}}</ref> the [[Diplomatic Corps]] in [[Delhi]] - comprising [[Ambassadors]] and [[High Commissioners]] of 15 Missions - screened Son Rise and pledged their support for gender equality.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vashisht |first1=Radhika |title=Dawn of equality |publisher=[[The Asian Age]] |url-status=live |archive-date=2023-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703034548/https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20191020/282673279097816 |language=en |access-date=3 July 2023 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20191020/282673279097816 |via=[[PressReader]] |date=20 October 2019}}</ref> The screening was held at the historic [[Siri Fort]] in New Delhi and opened by the [[Chairperson]] of The [[National Commission for Women]] in India, [[Rekha Sharma (Indian politician)|Rekha Sharma]], and UN Women Deputy Head, [[Nishtha Satyam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=National Award winning film 'SON RISE' was screened to full house of influencers and change makers |url=https://mtinews.in/national-award-winning-film-son-rise-was-screened-to-full-house-of-influencers-and-change-makers/ |work=MTI News |date=13 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Special screening of Son Rise in Delhi - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/special-screening-of-movie-son-rise-in-delhi/articleshow/67626341.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

The teaser of Son Rise was unveiled at the Spikes Asia Awards, [[Singapore]], in September 2019, followed by a keynote address by Bakshi, director and producer of Son Rise at the IPG Women leadership conference. The conference was hosted by Micheal Roth, Chairman of IPG - the world's largest organizations of advertising and marketing services.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spikes Asia 2019: IPG Hosts Women Leadership Breakfast "The Silk Prologue" in Asia-Pacific |url=https://www.adobomagazine.com/global-news/spikes-asia-2019-ipg-hosts-women-leadership-breakfast-the-silk-prologue-in-asia-pacific/ |work=adobo Magazine |date=8 October 2019}}</ref>

In September 2019, Son Rise was screened for students of 100 colleges in Mumbai<ref>{{cite news |title=Sons and shadows |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2019/07/20/sons-and-shadows.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)]] |language=en}}</ref> followed by workshops conducted by the [[National Service Scheme]] (NSS) of [[Mumbai University]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhandary |first1=Shreya |title=Mumbai colleges, NSS, NGO come together for a gender neutral society |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/mumbai-colleges-nss-ngo-come-together-for-a-gender-neutral-society/story-L4xOCnofnC3tDcBdA4WabL.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The film is being screened across schools and universities in India to gender sensitize the youth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the filmmaker whose documentary is dismantling patriarchy|url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/filmmaker-vibha-bakshi-son-rise-documentary-dismantling-patriarchy|access-date=2021-07-09|website=Vogue India|date=13 November 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

''Son Rise'' kicked off the inaugural Bloomberg Equality Summit in Mumbai, the first in Asia, in October 2019. The screening was followed by the activation of the UN's HeForShe movement in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Convenes Asia's Inaugural Bloomberg Equality Summit in Mumbai |url=https://www.televisionpost.com/bloomberg-convenes-asias-inaugural-bloomberg-equality-summit-in-mumbai/ |work=TelevisionPost |date=10 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Business of Equality Mumbai |url=https://www.bloomberglive.com/bloomberg-equality-summit-mumbai-2019/#agenda |work=Bloomberg Live |date=15 October 2019}}</ref>

[[NASSCOM]], India's chamber of commerce for the Tech Industry, along with 75 Tech leaders, jointly screened Son Rise in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=IT experts join hands for gender equality |url=https://www.sakaltimes.com/pune/it-experts-join-hands-gender-equality-41708 |work=[[Sakaal Times]] |date=7 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

As part of UN's global16 days of Activism,<ref>{{cite news |title=Men are 'heroes' in this gender rights documentary based in Haryana |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/men-are-heroes-in-this-gender-rights-documentary-based-in-haryana/story-Jsuhs5yHcde89BtwONv7VP.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> in November 2019, the leadership of [[Haryana Police]] organized screenings of Son Rise across the force to gender sensitize the police.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi, Haryana Police flags off '16 Days of Activism' against gender-based violence |url=http://www.uniindia.com/delhi-haryana-police-flags-off-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence/india/news/1804057.html |date=28 November 2019}}</ref>

In January 2020, Son Rise had a special screening at the Women in Design 2020 International Conference where over 500 architects and design professionals, from across five continents, came together in Mumbai, India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McGuigan |first1=Cathleen |title=Respecting the Past to Protect the Future |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/14455-respecting-the-past-to-protect-the-future |work=[[Architectural Record]] |date=4 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The Tribune Chandigarh">{{cite news |title=Son Rise: A few good men wage war against patriarchy in Haryana |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/son-rise-a-few-good-men-wage-war-against-patriarchy-in-haryana-48283 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |language=en}}</ref> YPO, the Global Leadership Community of Chief Executives, screened Son Rise in January 2020 to its group of YPO members followed by a panel discussion on making men equal partners for a gender-equal world.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Mamlu |title=YPO Times Issue 39 March 2020 |url=https://issuu.com/chatterjeemamlu/docs/issue_39_ypo_times_march_2020 |work=[[Issuu]] |date=24 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

For [[International Women's Day]], a special screening of Son Rise was organised for the Punjab Police to initiate a Public-Police partnership for women safety. This was organised by Consulate of Canada-Chandigarh, [[Guru Nanak Dev University|GNDU]] and Majha House. Dr Sukhchain Singh Gill, Commissioner of Police Amritsar and Shivdular Singh Dhillon, District Commissioner, Amritsar addressed the audience.<ref name="The Tribune Chandigarh"/>

[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] has selected Son Rise to represent India at the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|Shanghai Cooperation Organization]] Summit in [[Dushanbe|Dushanbe, Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-30|title='Son Rise' to represent India at the Festival of Feature and Television Films of the SCO|url=https://newsazi.com/son-rise-to-represent-india-at-the-festival-of-feature-and-television-films-of-the-sco/|access-date=2021-07-09|website=News Azi|language=en-US}}</ref>

Son Rise was recently screened at [[Expo 2020|World Expo 2020]], [[Dubai]]'s largest venue, Jubilee stage - to a standing ovation. The screening was followed by a call of action by 50 countries who pledged for gender equality - led by [[United Nations]], [[New Zealand]], [[India]] and the Women's Pavilion at [[Expo 2020]]. The event was attended by distinguished guests from all walks of life including the cultural figures, diplomatic community, business leaders, academics and change-makers to spotlight a shared human rights and women's rights issue — violence against women.<ref>{{Cite news|title=دول العالم تتعهد بالتضامن لإنهاء العنف القائم على النوع الاجتماعي|work=nawa3em|url=https://www.nawa3em.com/%D9%81%D9%86/161585/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nations pledge global solidarity to end gender-based violence during special screening of award-winning documentary 'Son Rise' at Expo 2020 Dubai|url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/story/Nations_pledge_global_solidarity_to_end_genderbased_violence_during_special_screening_of_awardwinning_documentary_Son_Rise_at_Expo_2020_Dubai-ZAWYA20211128103520|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.zawya.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result !! Notes(s)
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019|| rowspan="2"|[[66th National Film Awards]]|| Best Film Non-Feature|| rowspan="5"|''Son Rise''||{{Won}}||<ref name="TOI"/><ref name="Indian Express">{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Shilajit |title=Filmmaker Vibha Bakshi wins National Award for her documentary 'Son Rise' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/aug/11/filmmaker-vibha-bakshi-wins-national-award-for-her-documentary-son-rise-2017161.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=11 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|Best Editing Non-Feature||{{Won}}||<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=National Awards Winners 2018: Complete list of winners of National Awards 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2018/108 |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2020|| [[Mumbai International Film Festival|MIFF]] Awards|| Best Documentary Film|| {{Won}}||<ref>{{cite news |title=MIFF Awards 2020 {{!}} Mumbai International Film Festival |url=https://miff.in/miff-awards-2020/ |work=[[Mumbai International Film Festival|Miff]]}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.sonrisethefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|id=9074318}}

[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:2019 documentary films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Documentary films about violence against women]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]

Gurdaspur District (British Punjab)

2026-04-02T05:55:19Z

Advsunilnshah: place

{{Short description|District of British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}



{{Infobox Former Subdivision
| conventional_long_name = Gurdaspur District
| common_name = Punjab Province
| nation = [[British Raj|British India]]
| subdivision = [[Districts of British India|District]]
| era =
| year_start = 1849
| date_start = 29 March
| event_start = [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]]
| year_end = 1947
| date_end = 14–15 August
| event_end = [[Partition of India]]
| capital = [[Gurdaspur]]
| p1 = Sikh Empire{{!}}'''1849''': Sikh Empire
| s1 = Gurdaspur district{{!}}'''1947''': Gurdaspur district
| s2 = Shakargarh Tehsil
| flag = Star of India (flag)
| flag_p1 = Sikh Empire flag.svg
| border_p1 = no
| flag_p2 = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
| flag_s1 = Seal of the Government Of Punjab (Black On White).svg
| flag_s2 = Flag of Punjab.svg
| flag_type =
| motto =
| image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Punjab 1909.jpg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show detailed map of Punjab in 1909|[[File:Pope1880Panjab3.jpg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Punjab in 1880|default=1}}
| image_map_caption = Maps of the Punjab Province
| government_type =
| title_leader =
| title_deputy =
| stat_area1 =
| stat_year1 =
| stat_pop1 =
| political_subdiv = *[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur Tehsil]]
*[[Batala|Batala Tehsil]]
*[[Shakargarh Tehsil]]
*[[Pathankot district|Pathankot Tehsil]]
| today = [[India]] [[Pakistan]]
| footnotes =
| demonym =
| date_pre =
| anthem =
}}

'''Gurdaspur District''' was a district in the [[Lahore Division]] of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of [[British India]] with its headquarters at [[Gurdaspur]]. It lay between 31°35' and 32°30′ N. and 74° 52′ and 75° 56′ E., with an area of 1,889 square miles(4892 sq. km). It was bounded north by the [[Jammu division|Jammu province]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir]]; on the west by [[Sialkot District]]; on the south-west by [[Amritsar District]]; on the south-east and east by the [[Beas River]], which separated it from the [[Kapurthala State]] and [[Hoshiarpur District]], and also by [[Kangra District]]; and on the north-east by the [[Chamba State]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/gazetteer/query.py?object=396&bookid=DS405.1.I34_V12&display_type=page_display#gsc.tab=0 Gurdaspur Distract - Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 12: p. 390]</ref>

== Geography ==
The District occupied the flat-land area of the [[Bari Doab]], together with a triangular wedge of territory west of the [[Ravi River]]. It included the hill stations of [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] and [[Bakloh]], two isolated pieces of hill territory acquired from the Chamba State, together with a strip of territory on which the [[wikt:cart road|cart road]] ran connecting these outlying stations with the main body of the district. The [[Pathankot district|Pathankot Tehsil]] ([[tehsil]] means subdistrict) comprised 130 miles of hilly country between the Ravi and the [[Chakki river|Chakki]] torrent, which divided it from [[Kangra District]].<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/gazetteer/query.py?object=397&bookid=DS405.1.I34_V12&display_type=page_display#gsc.tab=0 Gurdaspur District]</ref>

West of the Ravi is a small tract between that river and the [[Pir Panjal Region (Jammu Division)|Jammu hills]], watered by numerous flowing streams and of great fertility; but the rest of the District west of the Ravi was, with the exception of the riverain strips, an arid expanse of rolling downs intersected by sandy torrent beds.
The Chakki River (a tributary of river Beas River), formed the eastern border of the Pathankot Tehsil, - the Beas river then formed the boundary separating Gurdaspur from [[Hoshiarpur District]] on the east. On the west, the Ravi River formed the border between Gurdaspur and the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu State]] for about 25 miles and then further south formed the boundary between [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]] and [[Amritsar District|Amritsar Districts]].

== History ==
The chief historical importance of the district lay in its connexion with the rise of the [[Sikhs]]. [[Dera Baba Nanak]] on the Ravi was named after the founder of Sikhism, who died in 1538 on the opposite bank. Both [[Guru Amar Das]] and [[Guru Har Rai]] were also connected with the district. In 1710 the Sikh leader [[Banda Singh Bahadur|Banda]] captured [[Batala]] and [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Kalanaur]], and made the district the headquarters of his raids on the neighbourhood. Driven into the hills by [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]] in 1711, he returned and built a fort at Lohgarh, identified with the modern [[Gurdaspur]], and defeated Islam Jang, [[Subah of Lahore|viceroy of Lahore]]. In 1713 [[Abd al-Samad Khan|Abdus Samad Khan]] drove him back to the hills, and, though he again returned and recaptured Kalanaur, finally took him prisoner at Lohgarh in 1716.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/gazetteer/query.py?object=399&bookid=DS405.1.I34_V12&display_type=page_display#gsc.tab=0 Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 12: p. 393]</ref>

The next period in the history of the District is closely connected with [[Adina Beg Khan]]. At first governor of Bahrampur and subsequently of the [[Jalandhar Doab]], he founded [[Dina Nagar|Dinanagar]] in 1730, which he seems generally to have made his headquarters. This ruler is chiefly remarkable for the astuteness with which he played off [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah]], the Mughal emperors, and the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], one against the other, until he was installed by the last-named power as governor of Lahore with head-quarters at Batala. His death in 1758 removed the main obstacle to the spread of the Sikh power, which was only temporarily checked by their defeat at [[Barnala]] in 1762.

The Sikh [[Ramgarhia Misl|Ramgarhia confederacy]], under the famous [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia|Jassa Singh]], then occupied Batala, Dinanagar, Kalanaur, [[Sri Hargobindpur]], and other places, the rest of the [[Bari Doab]] south of Dinanagar falling into the hands of the [[Kanhaiya Misl|Kanhaiyas]], while west of the [[Ravi River]] the [[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi confederacy]] rose to power. The rival confederacies soon fell out, and a struggle for supremacy ensued between the Ramgarhias and Kanhaiyas; the Bhangis, who supported the former, lost their power in these parts in 1774, and Jassa Singh himself was expelled by the Kanhaiyas. He returned in 1783, but again lost Batala to the Kanhaiyas in 1786; and two years after his death, in 1806, all the remaining possessions of the Ramgarhia confederacy were annexed by [[Ranjit Singh]]. The Kanhaiya estates were confiscated in 1811, and later on Batala and its dependencies were assigned to [[Sher Singh]], a putative son of Ranjit Singh by his Kanhaiya wife, [[Mehtab Kaur]]. Dinanagar was a favourite resort of Ranjit Singh, and it was there that in 1838 he received the [[William Hay Macnaghten|Macnaghten mission]] which negotiated the proposed alliance for placing [[Shah Shuja Durrani|Shah Shuja]] on the throne of Kabul.

[[Pathankot]] and a few neighbouring villages in the plains, together with all the hilly portion of the district, formed part of the country ceded by the Sikhs to the British after the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1846. Under the original distribution of the new territory they were attached to [[Kangra State|Kangra]]; but after the final [[Second Anglo-Sikh War|annexation in 1849]], the upper portion of the Bari Doab became a separate district, with its head-quarters at Batala. In 1852 the headquarters were moved to Gurdaspur, and in 1853 the district received was expanded gaining the [[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh tahsil]] from [[Sialkot District]]. After the 1947 [[Partition of India]], Gurdaspur would lose this Shakargarh subdivision as the [[Partition of Punjab|district was split]] between India and Pakistan.

During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] no outbreak took place in the district, in spite of the large number of Indians then employed on canal works. In 1853 the site for the new sanitarium of Dalhousie, together with the strip of hill road connecting it with the plains, was purchased by the [[British Raj|British government]] from [[Chamba State]] and in 1862 the further transfer of hill country between the Ravi and the [[Chakki river|Chakki rivers]] brought the district into its final shape before partition.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/gazetteer/query.py?object=400&bookid=DS405.1.I34_V12&display_type=page_display#gsc.tab=0 Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 12: p. 394]</ref>

== Demography ==
Gurdaspur contained 11 towns and 2,244 villages in 1901, its population at the [[Census in British India|last three enumerations were]]:
* (1881) 823,695
* (1891) 943,922
* (1901) 940,334.

The fall in the decade to 1901 was largely due to emigration, some 44,000 settlers leaving the district for the [[Chenab Colony]], that year the population was distributed between the tehsils (subdistricts) as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tahsil !! Area (Sq mi) !! Towns !! Villages !! Population !! Population per sq mi !! % Change since 1891 !! People who were literate
|-
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]|| 496 || 3 || 668 || 238,379 || 520.9 || + 2.5 || 7,478
|-
| [[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]]|| 485 || .. || 703 || 234,465 || 483.4 || -6.3 || 4,789
|-
| [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]|| 367 || 5 || 395 || 141,623 || 385.9 || +0.5 || 5,250
|-
| [[Batala]]|| 476 || 3 || 478 || 305,867 || 642.6 || +1.7 || 9,262
|-
| District total || 1,889 || 11 || 2,244 || 940,334 || 497.8 || +0.4 || 26,779
|}

Muslims numbered 463,371, or over 49 per cent of the total population; Hindus, 380,636, or over 40 per cent.; and Sikhs, 91,756, or 10 per cent. [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] of [[Qadian]], who claimed to be the [[Mahdi]] and the [[Messiah]], founded a sect known as the [[Ahmadiyya]]s. The district contained several important Sikh shrines, especially at [[Dera Baba Nanak]], and a large number of Hindu and Sikh religious houses. The density of the population was high. The language of the District was chiefly [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], but a good deal of [[Dogri language|Dogri]] was spoken on the [[Jammu division|Jammu]] border. <ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/gazetteer/query.py?object=401&bookid=DS405.1.I34_V12&display_type=page_display#gsc.tab=0 Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume 12: p. 395]</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Gurdaspur District ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881A">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=24 June 2025 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42 |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 391,400
| {{Percentage | 391400 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 459,039
| {{Percentage | 459039 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 463,371
| {{Percentage | 463371 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 408,216
| {{Percentage | 408216 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 422,877
| {{Percentage | 422877 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 493,216
| {{Percentage | 493216 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 589,923
| {{Percentage | 589923 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 359,329
| {{Percentage | 359329 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 396,582
| {{Percentage | 396582 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 380,636
| {{Percentage | 380636 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 284,017
| {{Percentage | 284017 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 258,823
| {{Percentage | 258823 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 255,949
| {{Percentage | 255949 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 290,774
| {{Percentage | 290774 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 72,395
| {{Percentage | 72395 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 85,837
| {{Percentage | 85837 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 91,756
| {{Percentage | 91756 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 121,078
| {{Percentage | 121078 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 137,625
| {{Percentage | 137625 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 178,471
| {{Percentage | 178471 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 221,261
| {{Percentage | 221261 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 463
| {{Percentage | 463 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 2,400
| {{Percentage | 2400 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 4,471
| {{Percentage | 4471 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 23,365
| {{Percentage | 23365 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 32,832
| {{Percentage | 32832 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 43,243
| {{Percentage | 43243 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 51,522
| {{Percentage | 51522 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 108
| {{Percentage | 108 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 64
| {{Percentage | 64 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 72
| {{Percentage | 72 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 73
| {{Percentage | 73 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 20
| {{Percentage | 20 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 823695 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 943922 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 940334 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 836771 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 852192 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 970898 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 823,695
! {{Percentage | 823695 | 823695 | 2 }}
! 943,922
! {{Percentage | 943922 | 943922 | 2 }}
! 940,334
! {{Percentage | 940334 | 940334 | 2 }}
! 836,771
! {{Percentage | 836771 | 836771 | 2 }}
! 852,192
! {{Percentage | 852192 | 852192 | 2 }}
! 970,898
! {{Percentage | 970898 | 970898 | 2 }}
! 1,153,511
! {{Percentage | 1153511 | 1153511 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Religion in the [[Tehsil|Tehsils]] of Gurdaspur District (1941)<ref name="Census1941"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|19x19px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian_cross.svg|21x21px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|26x26px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated|name=othersB}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
!Gurdaspur Tehsil
|57,281
|{{Percentage|57281|328819|2}}
|171,498
|{{Percentage|171498|328819|2}}
|76,695
|{{Percentage|76695|328819|2}}
|22,506
|{{Percentage|22506|328819|2}}
|22
|{{Percentage|22|328819|2}}
|817
|{{Percentage|817|328819|2}}
!328,819
!{{Percentage|328819|328819|2}}
|-
!Batala Tehsil
|33,610
|{{Percentage|33610|380053|2}}
|209,277
|{{Percentage|209277|380053|2}}
|116,413
|{{Percentage|116413|380053|2}}
|20,670
|{{Percentage|20670|380053|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|380053|2}}
|83
|{{Percentage|83|380053|2}}
!380,053
!{{Percentage|380053|380053|2}}
|-
!Pathankot Tehsil
|83,330
|{{Percentage|83330|153134|2}}
|59,548
|{{Percentage|59548|153134|2}}
|7,580
|{{Percentage|7580|153134|2}}
|2,307
|{{Percentage|2307|153134|2}}
|3
|{{Percentage|3|153134|2}}
|366
|{{Percentage|366|153134|2}}
!153,134
!{{Percentage|153134|153134|2}}
|-
!Shakargargh Tehsil
|116,553
|{{Percentage|116553|291505|2}}
|149,600
|{{Percentage|149600|291505|2}}
|20,573
|{{Percentage|20573|291505|2}}
|4,779
|{{Percentage|4779|291505|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|291505|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|291505|2}}
!291,505
!{{Percentage|291505|291505|2}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" |{{small|Note1: British era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Religion in the [[Tehsil|Tehsils]] of Gurdaspur District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|19x19px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian_cross.svg|21x21px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|26x26px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated|name=othersC}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
!Gurdaspur Tehsil
|46,297
|{{Percentage|46297|234146|2}}
|122,606
|{{Percentage|122606|234146|2}}
|48,817
|{{Percentage|48817|234146|2}}
|16,406
|{{Percentage|16406|234146|2}}
|20
|{{Percentage|20|234146|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|234146|2}}
!234,146
!{{Percentage|234146|234146|2}}
|-
!Batala Tehsil
|45,129
|{{Percentage|45129|275695|2}}
|145,672
|{{Percentage|145672|275695|2}}
|73,212
|{{Percentage|73212|275695|2}}
|11,682
|{{Percentage|11682|275695|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|275695|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|275695|2}}
!275,695
!{{Percentage|275695|275695|2}}
|-
!Pathankot Tehsil
|76,752
|{{Percentage|76752|129502|2}}
|48,431
|{{Percentage|48431|129502|2}}
|3,293
|{{Percentage|3293|129502|2}}
|1,011
|{{Percentage|1011|129502|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|129502|2}}
|15
|{{Percentage|15|129502|2}}
!129,502
!{{Percentage|129502|129502|2}}
|-
!Shakargargh Tehsil
|90,645
|{{Percentage|90645|212849|2}}
|106,168
|{{Percentage|106168|212849|2}}
|12,303
|{{Percentage|12303|212849|2}}
|3,733
|{{Percentage|3733|212849|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|212849|2}}
|0
|{{Percentage|0|212849|2}}
!212,849
!{{Percentage|212849|212849|2}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" |{{small|Note: British era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Mother Tongue (MT) statistics from 1931 Census, Gurdaspur District<ref name="census-source">Source: Page 284, [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.56041|Census of India 1931, Volume XVII: Punjab, Part I & II - Report and Statistical Tables]], Published by the Government of India, Census Commissioner's Office; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793222?searchText=1931+census&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D1931%2Bcensus%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A5c54b3a3a539b8fd6e54b368a65e7260&seq=1 Census of India 1931: Punjab - Mother Tongue Statistics], Available at JSTOR</ref>
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
! colspan="2" |[[Western Pahari languages|Western Pahadi]]
! colspan="2" |Others
|-
!Total
!MT only
!Total
!MT only
!Total
!MT only
!Total
!MT only
|-
|[[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|98.94%
|98.91%
|0.34%
|0.20%
|0.27%
|0.11%
|0.45%
|0.78%
|}

== Administration ==
The district was divided into the four [[tehsil|tehsils]] these were:
* [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
* [[Batala]]
* [[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]]
* [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]]

These were the municipalities of the District (besides the administrative headquarters of the District at Gurdaspur):
* [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]]
* [[Batala]]
* [[Dina Nagar|Dinanagar]]
* [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Kalanaur]]
* [[Pathankot]]
* [[Sujanpur]]
* [[Dera Baba Nanak|Dera Nanak]]
* [[Sri Hargobindpur]]
The district also contained two [[Notified area|notified areas]]:

* [[Fatehgarh Sahib|Fatehgarh]]
* Bahrampur

== Missionaries ==
The [[American Presbyterian Mission|American United Presbyterian Mission]] was established in Gurdaspur in 1872,<ref>[https://pcusa.org/historical-society/collections/research-tools/guides-archival-collections/rg-500 Guide to the India-Pakistan Mission Records, Presbyterian Church USA]</ref> and occupied the Pathankot and Shakargarh tahsils. The Church Missionary Society had an important station at Batala, established in 1878, where it maintained the Baring High School. In 1901, the District contained 4,198 native Christians.

== Transport ==
Opened in 1894, a branch of the [[North Western State Railway|North-Western Railway]] from [[Amritsar]] passed through the district, with its terminus at Pathankot,<ref name=punjabrailway>{{cite web | url= http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_gdr16.htm | title= Chapter VII | access-date= 10 February 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022057/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_gdr16.htm | archive-date= 10 April 2009 | url-status= dead | df= dmy-all }}</ref> from which a [[metalled]] [[wikt:cartroad|cart-road]] ran to [[Dalhousie, India|Dalhousie]] and another to [[Palampur]] in [[Kangra District]], with a branch to [[Dharamshala|Dharamsala]]. The most important unmetalled roads were the [[Hoshiarpur]]-[[Sialkot]] road, which passed through Gurdaspur and Sialkot, and the road from Pathankot passing through Gurdaspur to Amritsar. The Hoshiarpur-Sialkot road was split by an international border once India and Pakistan became separate independent states, the total length of metalled roads was 59 miles and of un-metalled roads 608 miles.

== District officials ==
A [[Deputy commissioner (India)|Deputy-Commissioner]] ran the district - aided by six [[Assistant commissioner (administration)|Assistant]] or Extra-Assistant Commissioners, of whom one was a [[Sub-divisional magistrate|sub-divisional]] officer in charge of Dalhousie during the summer months, and another in charge of the administration. Each tehsil of the district was under a [[tehsildar]] assisted by a naib-tehsildar (deputy tehsildar).

=== Law ===
The Deputy-Commissioner as [[District magistrate|District Magistrate]] was responsible for criminal justice. The civil judicial work was under a [[District courts of India|District Judge]], both supervised by the Divisional Judge of the Amritsar Civil Division (also the [[Sessions Court|Sessions Judge]]). There were five [[District Munsiff Court|munsifs]], one at mead-quarters, two at Batala, and one at each of the other tehsils. There were also Cantonment Magistrates at [[Dalhousie Cantonment|Dalhousie]] and [[Bakloh]], and two honorary magistrates. The predominant form of crime was burglary.

==== Police ====
The regular police force consisted of 566 of all ranks, including 5 cantonment and 147 [[municipal police]], in charge of a [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent]], who usually had 4 inspectors under him. The village watchmen numbered 1,957. There were 18 police stations and 12 outposts. The [[District Jail]] at Gurdaspur could accommodate 287 prisoners.

==Education==
Gurdaspur stood twenty-fourth among the twenty-eight Districts of the Punjab Province in respect of the literacy of its population. In 1901 the proportion of literate persons was 2.8 per cent. (5.1 males and 0.2 females). The number of pupils under instruction was 5,697 in 1880-1, 10,631 in 1890-1, 8,790 in 1900-1, and 8,323 in 1903-4. In 1904, there were 15 secondary and 142 primary (public) schools, and 5 advanced and 58 elementary (private) schools, with 258 girls in the public and 76 in the private schools. The District possessed 3 [[English-medium education|Anglo-vernacular]] high schools, one of which contained only Christian boys. It also possessed 2 public schools for girls, the most important of which was the Dalhousie Convent School. The total expenditure on education in 1903-4 was Rs. 92,000, to which Government contributed Rs. 7,000, and local funds Rs. 27,000, while fees brought in Rs. 28,000.

==Health==
Besides the Gurdaspur civil dispensary, the district had twelve outlying dispensaries, these in 1904 treated a total of 208,766 out-patients and 1,537 in-patients, and 7,268 operations were performed. The income and expenditure were Rs. 30,000, local and municipal funds contributing Rs. 12,000 and Rs. 15,000 respectively.
The number of successful vaccinations in 1903-4 was 28,641, representing 30.6 per 1,000 of population, the [[Vaccination Act]] was in force at Dalhousie - this was to inoculate children against smallpox.<ref>[https://www.rfhha.org/images/law/8.34%20The-Vaccination-Act-1880.pdf The Vaccination Act, 1880]</ref><ref>[https://digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/vaccination.html Vaccination - Medical History of British India]</ref>

== Maps ==
<gallery>
File:Map of Gurdaspur District, surveyed by R. Shortrede, T. C. Blagrave, and J. W. B. Blagrave, 1850–52 (F.5-12).jpg|Map of Gurdaspur District, surveyed by R. Shortrede, T. C. Blagrave, and J. W. B. Blagrave, 1850–52 (F.5-12)
File:Map of Gurdaspur District, 1881 (F.5-34).jpg|Map of Gurdaspur District, 1881 (F.5-34)
File:Map of Gurdaspur district of Punjab Province, British India, published in 'The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir' (1916).jpg|Map of Gurdaspur district of Punjab Province, British India, published in ''The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir'' (1916)
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{IGI}}

{{coord missing|India}}
[[Category:Gurdaspur]]
[[Category:Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Districts of British India]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in British India]]

Alex James (professor)

2026-04-01T17:49:37Z

Advsunilnshah: New Initial Info W/ Infobox...

{{Short description|Indian machine learning researcher}}
{{Other uses|Alex James (disambiguation)}}
{{COI|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Alex James
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | Electrical engineering }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | Digital University Kerala }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | Griffith University }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = AI hardware, Neuromorphic VLSI ([[Very-large-scale integration]]), Intelligent Imaging and Machine Learning, and Analog Electronics
| awards = {{ublist|Senior Fellow of HEA|Fellow of British Computer Society (FBCS)|Fellow of IET (FIET)| Best Associate Editor Award of IEEE TCAS1 for 2020-21 }}
}}
'''Alex James''' is an Indian scientist who is a professor of AI hardware at School of Electronic Systems and Automation, and [[Dean (education)|Dean]] at [[Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology|Digital University Kerala]] (IIITM-K).<ref name="deccanchronicle" /><ref>{{cite news |title=MoU signed for India's first graphene research and innovation centre signed |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/mou-signed-for-indias-first-graphene-research-and-innovation-centre-signed/articleshow/92275828.cms?from=mdr |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MoU signed for India's first graphene research and innovation centre |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/policy/story/mou-signed-for-indias-first-graphene-research-and-innovation-centre-338066-2022-06-17 |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[Business Today (India)]] |date=17 June 2022}}</ref> He is the professor in charge of Maker Village, [[Kochi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=DUK professor in Stanford University's list of top 2% scientists |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/duk-professor-in-stanford-univ-list-of-top-2-scientists/articleshow/87290021.cms |access-date=14 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Digital University Kerala professor in Stanford varsity's list of top 2% scientists |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/education/news-digital-university-kerala-professor-in-stanford-varsity-s-list-of-top-2-scientists-742242 |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[India TV]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref> Chief Investigator of the centre for Intelligent IoT Sensors,<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala professor in Stanford varsity's list of top 2% scientists |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/10/26/kerala-professor-in-stanford-varsity-list-of-top-scientists.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref> and India Innovation Centre for [[Graphene]]. James features in top 1%<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite news |date=2023-10-08 |title=Alex P. James ranked among top 1% scientists |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/alex-p-james-ranked-among-top-1-scientists/article67396914.ece |access-date=2023-11-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> scientists list published by [[Elsevier|Elsevier BV]] in the world in the field of [[Electrical engineering|Electrical and Electronics Engineering]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Digital University Kerala Professor Alex P James in Stanford varsity's list of top 2 % scientists |url=https://www.shiksha.com/news/digital-university-kerala-professor-alex-p-james-in-stanford-varsity-s-list-of-top-2-scientists-blogId-71741 |access-date=14 September 2022 |publisher=shiksha.com |date=26 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Digital University Kerala Professor Makes It To Stanford Varsity's List Of Top 2% Scientists|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/app-lite/trending/digital-university-kerala-professor-in-stanford-varsitys-list-of-top-2-scientists-31477|website=The logical indian|date=26 October 2021|access-date=20 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920183342/https://thelogicalindian.com/app-lite/trending/digital-university-kerala-professor-in-stanford-varsitys-list-of-top-2-scientists-31477|url-status=dead}}</ref> He appeared in the list for the third consecutive time.<ref name="Bureau"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Digital University Kerala professor features in Stanford's list of top 2 per cent scientists second time running |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2021/oct/26/digital-university-kerala-professor-features-in-stanfords-list-of-top-2-per-cent-scientists-25096.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=edexlive.com |date=26 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DUK Professor In Stanford University's List Of Top 2% Scientists |url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/duk-professor-in-stanford-varsitys-list-of-top-2-scientists |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref> He specializes in the scientific field of Memristive Systems, [[AI accelerator|AI hardware]], [[Neuromorphic engineering|Neuromorphic]] VLSI (very-large-scale integration) system, Intelligent Imaging and [[Machine learning]], and [[Analogue electronics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Indica 2012: Presents Dr. Alex Pappachen James |url=https://sites.google.com/site/bioindica2012/news-updates/indica-2012-alex-pappachen |access-date=15 September 2022 |date=20 December 2011 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914132835/https://sites.google.com/site/bioindica2012/news-updates/indica-2012-alex-pappachen |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DUK dean Alex P. James is among top-2% scientists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/duk-dean-alex-p-james-is-among-top-2-scientists/article37165160.ece |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DUK professor in Stanford varsity's list of top 2% scientists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/duk-professor-in-stanford-varsity-s-list-of-top-2-scientists-101635227172679.html |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref>

== Education and career==
James earned his Ph.D. degree from the Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, [[Griffith University]], Brisbane, Australia.<ref name="intechopen">{{cite web |title=Alex James |url=https://www.intechopen.com/profiles/6992 |publisher=IntechOpen |access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Role of Resolution in Noisy Pattern Matching |chapter-url=https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/35566?show=full |publisher=Griffith University| doi=10.1007/978-3-642-12214-9_21 |access-date=15 September 2022 | title=Information Processing and Management | series=Communications in Computer and Information Science | date=2010 | last1=James | first1=Alex Pappachen | last2=Dimitrijev | first2=Sima | volume=70 | pages=120–124 | isbn=978-3-642-12213-2 }}</ref> Since 2009, he has been working as a faculty member at different universities in [[Australia]] and [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Editor |url=https://rpsonline.com.sg/proceedings/9789810944247/html/editor.html |website=rpsonline.com.sg |access-date=21 September 2022}}</ref> He was a Member of IET Vision and Imaging Network, and is a Member of BCS’ Fellows [[Working group|Technical Advisory Group]] (F-TAG). He is the founding chair for [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] [[Kerala]] Section [[Circuits and Systems |Circuits and Systems Society]], and is a fellow of [[BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT|British Computer Society]] (FBCS), and [[Institution of Engineering and Technology]].<ref name="deccanchronicle">{{cite news |title=Digital University Kerala professor in Stanford varsity's list of top 2 % scientists |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/261021/digital-university-kerala-professor-in-stanford-varsitys-list-of-top.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DUK Professor Among Top 2% Of Scientists At Stanford University |url=http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/DUK-Professor-Among-Top-2-Of-Scientists-At-Stanford-University/26-10-2021-410005/ |access-date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[Businessworld]] |date=26 October 2021}}</ref> He was an Editorial Board Member of [[Information integration|Information Fusion]] (2010–2014), Elsevier, and associate editor for HCIS (2015–2020), [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]; and Guest Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in [[Computational Intelligence (journal)|Computational Intelligence]] (2017).<ref name="intechopen" /> Currently he is serving as an Associate Editor of IEEE Access, [[Frontiers Media|Frontiers in Neuroscience]], and IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers journal.<ref name="peerj" />

== Scientific research==
IIITM-K has achieved a breakthrough in developing Analogue [[Integrated circuit]] for implementing Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) in a joint research project with Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors Lab, [[Siegen university]] and [[Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI|Fraunhofer, Germany]], and Centre for Excellence in [[Artificial general intelligence]] and Neuromorphic Systems (neuroAGI).<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala IT institute develops analogue circuit to study coronavirus |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20200404/3534146.html |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=webindia123 |date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=കൊറോണ വൈറസിനെ പഠിക്കാൻ അനലോഗ് സർക്യൂട്ടായി |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/news-kerala-05-04-2020/864192 |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=deshabhimani.com |date=5 April 2020 |language=malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=കൊറോണ വൈറസിനെക്കുറിച്ച് പഠിക്കാന്‍ അനലോഗ് സര്‍ക്യൂട്ടുമായി ഐഐഐടിഎം-കെ |url=https://blivenews.com/news/iiitm-k-with-an-analog-circuit-to-study-coronavirus/cid3057535.htm |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=blivenews.com |date=4 April 2020 |language=Malayalam}}</ref> According to A. P. James, professor at the School of Electronics at IIITM-K, this complicated and meticulous AI circuits research can accelerate and operate GAN applications in [[Low-power electronics|low power devices]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala IT institute develops analogue circuit to study coronavirus |url=https://newsd.in/kerala-it-institute-develops-analogue-circuit-to-study-coronavirus/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=Newsd Media Pvt Ltd |date=4 April 2020}}</ref> It also can be used to analyze and interpret [[SARS-CoV-2|2019-nCoV]] data for a possible solution to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: IIITM-K Researchers Develop Analogue Circuit Capable to Study Corona Virus |url=https://www.newsexperts.in/covid-19-iiitm-k-researchers-develop-analogue-circuit-capable-study-corona-virus/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=Newsexperts.in |date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=കൊറോണ വൈറസിനെക്കുറിച്ച് നിര്‍മിത ബുദ്ധി ഉപയോഗിച്ച് പഠിക്കാന്‍ കഴിയുന്ന അനലോഗ് സര്‍ക്യൂട്ടുമായി തിരുവനന്തപുരത്തെ ഇന്ത്യന്‍ ഇന്‍സ്റ്റിറ്റ്യൂട്ട് |url=https://www.janmabhumi.in/read/iiitm-k-researchers-develop-analogue-circuit-capable-to-study-corona-virus/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=janmabhumi |date=4 April 2020 |language=malayalam}}</ref> An AI Semantic search engine has been created by a research team led by A.P. James to help researchers gain deeper insights into [[Scientific Investigation]], particularly since the [[COVID-19]] issue has necessitated the collection of a significant amount of complex scientific data.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19 : IIITM-K develops AI Semantic search engine |url=http://www.uniindia.com/covid-19-iiitm-k-develops-ai-semantic-search-engine/south/news/1966301.html |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=United News of India |date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IIITM-K develops search engine for researchers to get insights into scientific studies on COVID-19 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/iiitm-k-develops-search-engine-for-researchers-to-get-insights-into-scientific-studies-on-covid-1920200423155439/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=Asian News International |date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IIITM-K develops an advanced search engine for COVID-19 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/apr/23/iiitm-k-develops-an-advanced-search-engine-for-covid-19-2134187.html |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala institute launches search engine for coronavirus researchers |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/technology/kerala-institute-launches-search-engine-for-coronavirus-researchers |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=The Free Press Journal |date=24 April 2020}}</ref> The search engine is called "<nowiki>www.vilokana.in</nowiki>, which is [[Sanskrit]] for "finding out.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala institute develops search engine for Covid researchers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/startups/companies/kerala-institute-develops-search-engine-for-covid-researchers/articleshow/75320427.cms |access-date=1 October 2022 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IIITM-K develops AI search engine for COVID-19 studies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/iiitm-k-develops-ai-search-engine-for-covid-19-studies/article31418825.ece |access-date=1 October 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 April 2020}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
James is a member of IEEE CASS Technical committee on [[Network analysis (electrical circuits)|Nonlinear Circuits and Systems]], IEEE CASS Technical committee on [[Cellular network|Cellular]] [[Nanoscale networks]] and [[Memristor]] Array Computing, IEEE Consumer Technology Society Technical Committee on [[Quantum field theory|Quantum in Consumer Technology]] (QCT), Technical Committee on Machine learning, [[Deep learning]] and [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] in CE (MDA) and Member of BCS’ Fellows Technical Advisory Group (F-TAG).<ref name="duk1">{{cite web |title=Kerala professor in Stanford university's list of top 2% scientists|url=https://news.careers360.com/duk-professor-in-stanford-varsitys-list-of-top-2-scientists|publisher=careers360.com|date=26 October 2021|access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=F-TAG members |url=https://www.bcs.org/policy-and-influence/bcs-fellows-technical-advisory-group-f-tag/f-tag-members/ |website=www.bcs.org |access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

James was awarded best associate editor of [[IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers]] TCAS-I, by the [[IEEE Circuits and Systems Society]] (IEEE CASS) for the year 2020–21.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr A P James of DUK awarded best associate editor of global research journal |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2021/09/21/srg1-kl-award.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |publisher=[[The Week (Indian magazine)]] |date=21 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers (TCAS-I) Editorial Board |url=https://ieee-cas.org/committee/ieee-transactions-circuits-and-systems-part-i-regular-papers-tcas-i-editorial-board |publisher=IEEE CASS |access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref> He has been an associate editor for the journal since 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr A P James of DUK awarded best associate editor of global research journal |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/education/1738018-dr-a-p-james-of-duk-awarded-best-associate-editor-of-global-research-journal |access-date=14 September 2022 |publisher=devdiscourse.com |date=21 September 2021}}</ref> He is also an editorial board member of [[PeerJ|PeerJ CS]] and a Senior Member of IEEE, Life Member of ACM, Senior Fellow of HEA.<ref name="peerj">{{cite web |title=Alex James |url=https://peerj.com/alexpappachenjames/ |publisher=PeerJ |access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref>

{{Portal|India|Engineering}}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://duk.ac.in/personnel/dr-a-p-james/ A. P. James] on official website of Digital University Kerala
* [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37391662800 Alex James] on ieeexplore
* [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-8703156677170333770006/ James, Alex Pappachen] on [[WorldCat]]
* [https://duk.ac.in/professor-dr-alex-james-features-in-stanford-universitys-list-of-top-2-scientists-in-the-world/ Professor Dr. Alex James features in Stanford University’s list of top 2% scientists in the world]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:James, Alex}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Griffith University alumni]]
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Computer Society]]
[[Category:Senior Fellows of the Higher Education Academy]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Senior members of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Elsevier people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Tibetan script

2026-03-28T12:38:57Z

Advsunilnshah: enhanced citations after review and corrected details as per guidelines

{{Short description|Tibetan writing system}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Tibetan
| type = [[Abugida]]
| time = {{Circa|620}}–present
| languages = {{hlist|list_style=line-height:1.3em;|[[Lhasa Tibetan|Tibetan]]|[[Dzongkha]]|[[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]|[[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]]|[[Balti language|Balti]]|[[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]|[[Jirel language|Jirel]]|[[Yolmo language|Yolmo]]|[[Tshangla language|Tshangla]]|}}
| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]]
| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic]]
| fam3 = [[Phoenician script|Phoenician]]
| fam4 = [[Aramaic script|Aramaic]]
| fam5 = [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]
| fam6 = [[North India|Northern Brahmi]]
| fam7 = [[Gupta script|Gupta]]<ref>{{cite book | title = Language in South Asia |editor-last1 = Kachru |editor-first1 = Braj B. |editor-last2 = Kachru |editor-first2 = Yamuna |editor-last3 = Sridhar |editor-first3 = S. N. |chapter = Writing systems of major and minor languages |last1 = Daniels |first1 = Peter T. |pages = 285–308 |chapter-url = https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619069.017 | date = January 2008|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511619069.017 |isbn = 978-0-521-78653-9 }}</ref><ref name="masica">{{cite book |last1=Masica |first1=Colin |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |date=1993 |page=143}}</ref>
| sisters = [[Meitei script|Meitei]],<ref name="Meithei" >{{cite book |last1=Chelliah |first1=Shobhana Lakshmi |title=A Grammar of Meithei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noCHVvu0P8oC |quote="Meithei Mayek is part of the Tibetan group of scripts, which originated from the Gupta Brahmi script" |publisher=De Gruyter |date=2011 |page=355 |isbn=9783110801118 |access-date=2023-03-19 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413062923/https://books.google.com/books?id=noCHVvu0P8oC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Singh |first1=Harimohon Thounaojam |title=The Evolution and Recent Development of the Meetei Mayek Script |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263852161 |publisher=Cambridge University Press India |page=28 |date=January 2011 }}</ref> [[Sharada script|Sharada]], [[Siddham script|Siddham]], [[Kalinga script|Kalinga]], [[Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]]
| children =
* [[Lepcha script|Lepcha]]
* [[Khema script|Khema]]
* [[Phagspa script|Phagspa]]
* [[Marchen script|Marchen]]
* [[Tamyig script|Tamyig]]
| native_name = {{pb}}{{bo-textonly|བོད་ཡིག་}}
| sample = Om Mani Padme Hum mantra.svg
| caption = The [[mantra]] "[[Om mani padme hum]]"
| image_upright = 1.2
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdf U+0F00–U+0FFF] [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2022.pdf Final Accepted Script Proposal of the First Usable Edition (3.0)]
| iso15924 = Tibt
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tibetan}}
{{Alphabet}}
{{Brahmic}}

The '''Tibetan script''' is a segmental writing system, or ''[[abugida]]'', forming a part of the [[Brahmic scripts]], and used to write certain [[Tibetic languages]], including [[Lhasa Tibetan|Tibetan]], [[Dzongkha]], [[Sikkimese language|Sikkimese]], [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Jirel language|Jirel]] and [[Balti language|Balti]]. Its exact origins are a subject of research but is traditionally considered to be developed by [[Thonmi Sambhota]] for King [[Songtsen Gampo]].

The Tibetan script has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as [[Thakali language|Thakali]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manzardo |first=Andrew E. |title=Impression Management and Economic Growth: The Case of the Thakalis of Dhaulagiri Zone |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_09_01_02.pdf |journal=[[Kailash: A Journal of Himalayan Studies]] |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120023404/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/kailash/pdf/kailash_09_01_02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Nepali language|Nepali]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karmācārya |first=Mādhavalāla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpxjAAAAMAAJ&q=script |title=Results of the Nepal German Project on High Mountain Archaeology: Ten documents from Mustang in the Nepali language (1667-1975 A.D.) |date=2001 |publisher=VGH Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-88280-061-6 |language=en}}</ref> The printed form is called [[uchen script]] while the hand-written form used in everyday writing is called [[umê script]]. This writing system is especially used across the [[Himalayan Region]].

==History==
Little is known about the exact origins of Tibetan script.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The evolution of Tibetan typefaces: anatomy and historical development of Tibetan fonts |url=https://www.inalco.fr/en/evolution-tibetan-typefaces-anatomy-and-historical-development-tibetan-fonts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129063152/https://www.inalco.fr/en/evolution-tibetan-typefaces-anatomy-and-historical-development-tibetan-fonts |archive-date=2024-11-29 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales}}</ref> According to Tibetan [[historiography]], it was developed during the reign of King [[Songtsen Gampo]] by his minister Thonmi Sambhota, who was sent to India along with other scholars to study Buddhism along with Sanskrit and other brahmi languages.<ref>''Tibet: A Political History'', p. 12. 1967. Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.</ref><ref>''The White Annals'', pp. 70–73. Gedun Choephel, translated by Samten Norboo. 1978. Tibetan Library and Archives, [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], H.P., India.</ref> They developed the Tibetan script from the [[Gupta script]]<ref>Claude Arpi, ''Glimpses on the Tibet History'', Dharamsala: Tibet Museum, 2016.</ref> while at the [[Pabonka Hermitage]].

This occurred {{Circa|620}}, towards the beginning of Songtsen Gampo's reign. There were 21 [[Sutra]] texts held by the King which were translated afterwards. In the first half of the 7th century, the Tibetan script was used for the codification of these sacred Buddhist texts,<ref>William Woodville Rockhill, {{Google books|avFDAQAAMAAJ|Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution|page=671}}, United States National Museum, page 671</ref><ref>Berzin, Alexander. ''A Survey of Tibetan History - Reading Notes Taken'' by Alexander Berzin from Tsepon, W. D. Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967: http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617115552/http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.html |date=2016-06-17 }}.</ref> for written civil laws, and for a Tibetan Constitution.

Earliest sources on Tibet, such as the [[Old Tibetan Chronicle]], do not mention any Thonmi Sambhota.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Roy Andrew |date=1963 |title=Thon-mi Sambhoṭa and His Grammatical Treatises |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/597167 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=485–502 |doi=10.2307/597167 |jstor=597167 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Scripts predating Songtsen Gampo might have existed but in any case do not appear to be widely used.<ref name=":0" /> Researchers postulate that Tibetan kings sought to develop a system of writing as their [[Tibetan Empire#History|territory expanded]]. The script resembling the version today was likely developed in the second half of the 11th century.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="zeisler 2006">{{cite book|chapter=Why Ladakhi must not be written – Being part of the Great Tradition Another kind of global thinking|first=Bettina |last=Zeisler|date=2006|title=Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia|editor1=Anju Saxena|editor2=Lars Borin|page=178}}</ref> New research and writings also suggest that there were one or more Tibetan scripts in use prior to the introduction of the script by [[Songtsen Gampo]] and [[Thonmi Sambhota]]. The incomplete [[Dunhuang manuscripts]] are their key evidence for their hypothesis,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phuntsok |first1=Thubten |title=བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སྤྱི་དོན་པདྨ་ར་གཱའི་ལྡེ་མིག "A General History of Tibet"}}</ref> while the few discovered and recorded [[Old Tibetan Annals]] manuscripts date from 650 and therefore post-date the c. 620 date of development of the original Tibetan script.

Three orthographic [[Standardization|standardisations]] were developed. The most important, an official orthography aimed to facilitate the translation of [[Buddhist scriptures]] emerged during the early 9th century. Standard orthography has not been altered since then, while the spoken language [[sound change|has changed]] by, for example, losing complex [[consonant cluster]]s. As a result, in all modern Tibetan dialects and in particular in the [[Standard Tibetan]] of [[Lhasa]], there is a great divergence between current spelling, which still reflects the 9th-century spoken Tibetan, and current pronunciation. This divergence is the basis of an argument in favour of [[spelling reform]], to write Tibetan ''as it is pronounced''; for example, writing ''[[Kagyu]]'' instead of ''Bka'-rgyud''.<ref name="i208">{{cite book | last=Gamble | first=R. | title=Reincarnation in Tibetan Buddhism: The Third Karmapa and the Invention of a Tradition | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2018 | isbn=978-0-19-069078-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fCRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA62 | access-date=2024-05-12 | page=62}}</ref>

The nomadic [[Amdo Tibetan]] and the western dialects of the [[Ladakhi language]], as well as the [[Balti language]], come close to the [[Old Tibetan]] spellings.<ref name="zeisler 2006"/> Despite that, the grammar of these dialectical varieties has considerably changed. To write the modern varieties according to the orthography and grammar of [[Classical Tibetan]] would be similar to writing Sanskrit orthography.<ref name="zeisler 2006"/> However, many modern Buddhist practitioners in the Indian subcontinent have voiced the position that the classical orthography should not be altered even when used for lay purposes. This has become an obstacle for many modern Tibetic languages wishing to modernize or introduce a new spelling reform of Tibetan.<ref name="zeisler 2006"/>

==Description==

=== Basic alphabet ===
In the Tibetan script, the [[syllable]]s are written from left to right. Syllables are separated by a ''tsek'' (་); since many Tibetan words are monosyllabic, this mark often functions almost as a space. Spaces are not used to divide words.<ref name="x832">{{cite book | last1=Chan | first1=A. | last2=Noble | first2=A. | title=Sounds in Translation: Intersections of Music, Technology and Society | publisher=ANU E Press | series=DOAB Directory of Open Access Books | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-921536-55-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5JFo7oajsMC&pg=PA146 | access-date=2024-05-12 | page=146}}</ref>

The Tibetan alphabet has thirty letters, sometimes known as "radicals", for consonants.<ref name="daniels">Daniels, Peter T. and William Bright. ''The World's Writing Systems''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996,</ref> As in other [[Indic scripts]], each consonant letter assumes an [[inherent vowel]]; in the Tibetan script it is /a/. The letter {{bo-textonly|ཨ}} is also the base for dependent vowel marks.

Although some Tibetan dialects are [[Tone (linguistics)|tonal]], the language had no tone at the time of the script's invention, and there are no dedicated symbols for tone. However, since tones developed from [[Segment (linguistics)|segmental]] features, they can usually be correctly predicted by the archaic spelling of Tibetan words.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:75%;"
|- align=center style="font-size:small;"
!
!style="background:beige;" colspan=2 | Unaspirated ''high''
!style="background:#d6f5d6;" colspan=2 | [[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]] ''medium''
!style="background:#ffcce6;" colspan=2 | [[Voiced]] ''low''
!style="background:#99bbff;" colspan=2 | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] ''low''
|- align=center style="font-size:small;"
!
! Letter
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! Letter
! IPA
! Letter
! IPA
! Letter
! IPA
|- align=center
| '''''[[Guttural]]''''' ||style="background:beige; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} || {{IPA|/ka/}} ||style="background:#d6f5d6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཁ}} || {{IPA|/kʰa/}} ||style="background:#ffcce6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ག}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced|These voiced values are historical. They have been devoiced in modern Standard Tibetan.}} || {{IPA|/ɡa/}} ||style="background:#99bbff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ང}} || {{IPA|/ŋa/}}
|- align=center
| '''''[[Palatal]]''''' ||style="background:beige; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཅ}} || {{IPA|/tʃa/}} ||style="background:#d6f5d6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཆ}} || {{IPA|/tʃʰa/}} ||style="background:#ffcce6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཇ}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}} || {{IPA|/dʒa/}} ||style="background:#99bbff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཉ}} || {{IPA|/ɲa/}}
|- align=center
| '''''[[Dental consonant|Dental]]''''' ||style="background:beige; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཏ}} || {{IPA|/ta/}} ||style="background:#d6f5d6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཐ}} || {{IPA|/tʰa/}} ||style="background:#ffcce6; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ད}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}} || {{IPA|/da/}} ||style="background:#99bbff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ན}} || {{IPA|/na/}}
|- align="center"
|'''''[[Labial consonant|Labial]]'''''|| style="background:beige; font-size:24px;" | {{bo-textonly|པ}} || {{IPA|/pa/}}|| style="background:#d6f5d6; font-size:24px;" | {{bo-textonly|ཕ}} || {{IPA|/pʰa/}}|| style="background:#ffcce6; font-size:24px;" | {{bo-textonly|བ}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}}|| {{IPA|/ba/}}|| style="background:#99bbff; font-size:24px;" | {{bo-textonly|མ}} || {{IPA|/ma/}}
|- align="center"
|'''''[[Dental consonant|Dental]]'''''
| style="background:beige; font-size:24px;" |{{bo-textonly|ཙ}}||{{IPA|/tsa/}}|| style="background:#d6f5d6; font-size:24px;" |{{bo-textonly|ཚ}}||{{IPA|/tsʰa/}}|| style="background:#ffcce6; font-size:24px;" |{{bo-textonly|ཛ}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}} ||{{IPA|/dza/}}|| style="background:#EEEFE4; font-size:24px;" |{{bo-textonly|ཝ}}||{{IPA|/wa/}}
|- align=center
|style="background:#d9b3ff;" | '''''low''''' ||style="background:#d9b3ff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཞ}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}} || {{IPA|/ʒa/}} ||style="background:#d9b3ff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཟ}}{{efn-lr|name=voiced}} || {{IPA|/za/}} ||style="background:#d9b3ff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|འ}} || {{IPA|/ɦa/}}<ref>{{cite journal
|last = Hill
|first = Nathan W.
|year = 2005b
|title = Once more on the letter འ
|journal = Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
|volume = 28
|issue = 2
|pages = 111–141
|doi = 10.32655/LTBA.28.2.04
|url = http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5632/1/once_more_on_the_letter.pdf
|access-date = 2022-06-01
|archive-date = 2022-06-16
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220616054618/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/5632/1/once_more_on_the_letter.pdf
|url-status = live
}}; {{cite journal
|last = Hill
|first = Nathan W.
|year = 2009
|title = Tibetan <ḥ-> as a plain initial and its place in Old Tibetan phonology
|journal = Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
|volume = 32
|issue = 1
|pages = 115–140
|doi = 10.32655/LTBA.32.1.03
|url = http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7625/1/04-Hill-Dialect-reflexes-of-Tib-v.pdf
|access-date = 2022-06-01
|archive-date = 2022-06-01
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220601181159/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/7625/1/04-Hill-Dialect-reflexes-of-Tib-v.pdf
|url-status = live
}}</ref> {{angle bracket|ʼa}} ||style="background:#d9b3ff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཡ}} || {{IPA|/ja/}}
|- align=center
|style="background:#b3ffff;" | '''''medium''''' ||style="background:#b3ffff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ར}} || {{IPA|/ra/}} ||style="background:#b3ffff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ལ}} || {{IPA|/la/}} ||style="background:#b3ffff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཤ}} || {{IPA|/ʃa/}} ||style="background:#b3ffff; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ས}} || {{IPA|/sa/}}
|- align=center
|style="background:#ffffcc;" | '''''high''''' ||style="background:#ffffcc; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} || {{IPA|/ha/}} ||style="background:#ffffcc; font-size:24px;"| {{bo-textonly|ཨ}} || {{IPA|/a/}} {{angle bracket|ꞏa}}
|}
{{notelist-lr}}

===Consonant clusters===
[[File:Tibetan syllable structure.svg|thumb|400px|Components of a Tibetan syllable]]

[[File:Tibetan map of the Kizil Caves (13th entury CE).jpg|thumb|Tibetan map of the [[Kizil Caves]], [[Tarim Basin]]. 13th century CE]]
One aspect of the Tibetan script is that the consonants can be written either as radicals or they can be written in other forms, such as [[subscript and superscript]] forming [[consonant cluster]]s.

To understand how this works, one can look at the radical {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} /ka/ and see what happens when it becomes {{bo-textonly|ཀྲ}} /kra/ or {{bo-textonly|རྐ}} /rka/ (pronounced /ka/). In both cases, the symbol for {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} /ka/ is used, but when the {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/ is in the middle of the consonant and vowel, it is added as a subscript. On the other hand, when the {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/ comes before the consonant and vowel, it is added as a superscript.<ref name="daniels" /> {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/ actually changes form when it is above most other consonants, thus {{bo-textonly|རྐ}} rka. However, an exception to this is the cluster {{bo-textonly|རྙ}} /rɲa/. Similarly, the consonants {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, and {{bo-textonly|ཡ}} /ja/ change form when they are beneath other consonants, thus {{bo-textonly|ཀྲ}} /ʈ ~ ʈʂa/; {{bo-textonly|ཀྱ}} /ca/.

Besides being written as subscripts and superscripts, some consonants can also be placed in prescript, postscript, or post-postscript positions. For instance, the consonants {{bo-textonly|ག}} /kʰa/, {{bo-textonly|ད}} /tʰa/, {{bo-textonly|བ}} /pʰa/, {{bo-textonly|མ}} /ma/ and {{bo-textonly|འ}} /a/ can be used in the prescript position to the left of other radicals, while the position after a radical (the postscript position), can be held by the ten consonants {{bo-textonly|ག}} /kʰa/, {{bo-textonly|ན}} /na/, {{bo-textonly|བ}} /pʰa/, {{bo-textonly|ད}} /tʰa/, {{bo-textonly|མ}} /ma/, {{bo-textonly|འ}} /a/, {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ང}} /ŋa/, {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/, and {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/. The third position, the post-postscript position is solely for the consonants {{bo-textonly|ད}} /tʰa/ and {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/.<ref name="daniels" />

====Head letters====
The head ({{bo-textonly|མགོ}} in Tibetan, Wylie: ''mgo'') letter, or superscript, position above a radical is reserved for the consonants {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/, and {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/.

*When {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/, and {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/ are in superscript position with {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} /ka/, {{bo-textonly|ཅ}} /t͡ʃa/, {{bo-textonly|ཏ}} /ta/, {{bo-textonly|པ}} /pa/ and {{bo-textonly|ཙ}} /t͡sa/, there are no changes to their sounds in Lhasa Tibetan, for example:
**{{bo-textonly|རྐ}} /ka/, {{bo-textonly|རྟ}} /ta/, {{bo-textonly|རྤ}} /pa/, {{bo-textonly|རྩ}} /t͡sa/
**{{bo-textonly|ལྐ}} /ka/, {{bo-textonly|ལྕ}} /t͡ʃa/, {{bo-textonly|ལྟ}} /ta/, {{bo-textonly|ལྤ}} /pa/,
**{{bo-textonly|སྐ}} /ka/, {{bo-textonly|སྟ}} /ta/, {{bo-textonly|སྤ}} /pa/, {{bo-textonly|སྩ}} /t͡sa/
*When {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/, and {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/ are in superscript position with {{bo-textonly|ག}} /kʰa/, {{bo-textonly|ཇ}} /t͡ʃʰa/, {{bo-textonly|ད}} /tʰa/, {{bo-textonly|བ}} /pʰa/ and {{bo-textonly|ཛ}} /t͡sʰa/, they lose their aspiration and become voiced in Lhasa Tibetan, for example:
**{{bo-textonly|རྒ}} /ga/, {{bo-textonly|རྗ}} /d͡ʒa/, {{bo-textonly|རྡ}} /da/, {{bo-textonly|རྦ}} /ba/, {{bo-textonly|རྫ}} /dza/
**{{bo-textonly|ལྒ}} /ga/, {{bo-textonly|ལྗ}} /d͡ʒa/, {{bo-textonly|ལྡ}} /da/, {{bo-textonly|ལྦ}} /ba/,
**{{bo-textonly|སྒ}} /ga/, {{bo-textonly|སྡ}} /da/, {{bo-textonly|སྦ}} /ba/
*When {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/, and {{bo-textonly|ས}} /sa/ are in superscript position with the nasal consonants {{bo-textonly|ང}} /ŋa/, {{bo-textonly|ཉ}} /ɲa/, {{bo-textonly|ན}} /na/ and {{bo-textonly|མ}} /ma/, they receive a high tone in Lhasa Tibetan, for example:
**{{bo-textonly|རྔ}} /ŋa/, {{bo-textonly|རྙ}} /ɲa/, {{bo-textonly|རྣ}} /na/, {{bo-textonly|རྨ}} /ma/
**{{bo-textonly|ལྔ}} /ŋa/
**{{bo-textonly|སྔ}} /ŋa/, {{bo-textonly|སྙ}} /ɲa/, {{bo-textonly|སྣ}} /na/, {{bo-textonly|སྨ}} /ma/
*When {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/ is in superscript position with {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} /ha/, it becomes a [[Lateral consonant#Approximants|voiceless alveolar lateral approximant]] in Lhasa Tibetan:
**{{bo-textonly|ལྷ}} /l̥a/,

====Sub-joined letters====
The subscript position under a radical can only be occupied by the consonants {{bo-textonly|ཡ}} /ja/, {{bo-textonly|ར}} /ra/, {{bo-textonly|ལ}} /la/, and {{bo-textonly|ཝ}} /wa/. In this position they are described as {{bo-textonly|བཏགས}} (Wylie: ''btags'', IPA: /taʔ/), in Tibetan meaning "hung on/affixed/appended", for example {{bo-textonly|བ་ཡ་བཏགས་བྱ}} (IPA: /pʰa.ja.taʔ.t͡ʃʰa/), except for {{bo-textonly|ཝ}}, which is simply read as it usually is and has no effect on the pronunciation of the consonant to which it is subjoined, for example {{bo-textonly|ཀ་ཝ་ཟུར་ཀྭ}} (IPA: /ka.wa.suː.ka/).

===Vowel marks===

The [[vowel]]s used in the alphabet are {{bo-textonly|ཨ}} /a/, {{bo-textonly|ཨི}} /i/, {{bo-textonly|ཨུ}} /u/, {{bo-textonly|ཨེ}} /e/, and {{bo-textonly|ཨོ}} /o/. While the vowel /a/ is included in each consonant, the other vowels are indicated by marks; thus {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} /ka/, {{bo-textonly|ཀི}} /ki/, {{bo-textonly|ཀུ}} /ku/, {{bo-textonly|ཀེ}} /ke/, {{bo-textonly|ཀོ}} /ko/. The vowels {{bo-textonly|ཨི}} /i/, {{bo-textonly|ཨེ}} /e/, and {{bo-textonly|ཨོ}} /o/ are placed above consonants as diacritics, while the vowel {{bo-textonly|ཨུ}} /u/ is placed underneath consonants.<ref name="daniels" /> [[Old Tibetan]] included a reversed form of the mark for /i/, the gigu 'verso', of uncertain meaning. There is no distinction between long and short vowels in written Tibetan, except in [[loanword]]s (especially those borrowed from [[Sanskrit]]).

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Vowel mark
!IPA
!Vowel mark
!IPA
!Vowel mark
!IPA
!Vowel mark
!IPA
|- style="text-align:center;"
|{{bo-textonly|ི}} || {{IPA|/i/}} || {{bo-textonly|ུ}} || {{IPA|/u/}} || {{bo-textonly|ེ}} || {{IPA|/e/}} || {{bo-textonly|ོ}} || {{IPA|/o/}}
|}

===Numerical digits===
{{main|Tibetan numerals}}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Tibetan numerals
| {{bo-textonly|༠}} || {{bo-textonly|༡}} || {{bo-textonly|༢}} || {{bo-textonly|༣}} || {{bo-textonly|༤}} || {{bo-textonly|༥}} || {{bo-textonly|༦}} || {{bo-textonly|༧}} || {{bo-textonly|༨}} || {{bo-textonly|༩}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
![[Devanagari numerals]]
| ० || १ || २ || ३ || ४ || ५ || ६ || ७ || ८ || ९
|- style="text-align:center;"
![[Arabic numerals]]
| 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Tibetan fractions
| {{bo-textonly|༳}} ||{{bo-textonly|༪}} ||{{bo-textonly|༫}} || {{bo-textonly|༬}} || {{bo-textonly|༭}} || {{bo-textonly|༮}} || {{bo-textonly|༯}} || {{bo-textonly|༰}} || {{bo-textonly|༱}} || {{bo-textonly|༲}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Arabic fractions
| -0.5 || 0.5 || 1.5 || 2.5 || 3.5 || 4.5 || 5.5 || 6.5 || 7.5 || 8.5
|}

===Punctuation marks===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+
|-
! Symbol/ Graphemes !! Name !! Function
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༄༅། །}} || {{bo-textonly|ཡིག་མགོ}} ''[[yig mgo]]'' || marks beginning of a text, before a headline, front page of a [[pecha]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༃}} || {{bo-textonly|གཏེར་ཡིག་མགོ}} ''[[yig mgo|gter yig mgo]]'' || used in place of the ''[[yig mgo]]'' in [[Terma (religion)|terma]] texts
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༁}} || {{bo-textonly|ཡིག་མགོ་ཨ་ཕྱེད}} ''[[yig mgo|yig mgo a phyed]]'' || used in place of the ''[[yig mgo]]'' in [[Terma (religion)|terma]] texts
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༆}} || {{bo-textonly|དཔེ་རྙིང་ཡིག་མགོ}} ''[[yig mgo|dpe rnying yig mgo]]'' || a variant of the ''[[yig mgo]]'' found in very old Tibetan texts
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༉}} || {{bo-textonly|བསྐུར་ཡིག་མགོ}} ''[[yig mgo|bskur yig mgo]]'' || list enumerator ([[Dzongka]])
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|་}} || {{bo-textonly|ཚེག}} ''tseg'' || [[syllable]] [[delimiter]], also used as a spacer to [[Typographic alignment#Justified|justify]] text in [[pecha]]s
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|།}} || {{bo-textonly|ཤད}} ''[[Danda|shad]]'' || [[full stop]], [[comma]], or [[semicolon]] (marks end of a sentence or clause, and originates from the [[danda]] of Indic scripts)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|། །}} || {{bo-textonly|ཉིས་ཤད}} ''nyis [[Danda|shad]]'' || marks end of a paragraph or topic (cp. [[pilcrow]])
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༎ །།}} || {{bo-textonly|བཞི་ཤད}} ''bzhi [[Danda|shad]]'' || marks end of a chapter or entire section
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|། །།}} || {{bo-textonly|གསུམ་ཤད}} ''gsum [[Danda|shad]]'' || same as ''bzhi [[Danda|shad]]'', but used when the preceding character is ཀ or ག
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༑}} || {{bo-textonly|རིན་ཆེན་སྤུངས་ཤད}} ''rin chen spungs [[Danda|shad]]'' || replaces ''[[Danda|shad]]'' after single, [[Widows and orphans|orphaned]] syllables, indicating to the reader that the preceding syllable continues from text on the previous line
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༏}} || {{bo-textonly|ཚེག་ཤད}} ''tsheg [[Danda|shad]]'' || variant of ''rin chen spungs [[Danda|shad]]''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༐}} || {{bo-textonly|ཉིསཚེག་ཤད}} ''nyis tsheg [[Danda|shad]]'' || variant of ''rin chen spungs [[Danda|shad]]''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༈}} || {{bo-textonly|སྦྲུལ་ཤད}} ''sbrul [[Danda|shad]]'' || marks the start of a new text, often in a collection of texts, separates chapters, and surrounds inserted text
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༔}} || {{bo-textonly|གཏེར་ཤད}} ''[[Terma (religion)|gter]] [[Danda|shad]]'' || replaces ''[[Danda|shad]]'' and variants thereof in [[Terma (religion)|terma]] texts
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༒}} || {{bo-textonly|རྒྱ་གྲམ་ཤད}} ''rgya gram [[Danda|shad]]'' || sometimes used in place of the ''[[yig mgo]]'' in [[Terma (religion)|terma]] texts
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༸}} || {{bo-textonly|ཆེ་མགོ}} ''che mgo'' || literally, "big head"—used preceding a reference to the [[Dalai Lama]] or the name of another important [[lama]] or [[tulku]] that demands great respect
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༴}} || {{bo-textonly|བསྡུས་རྟགས}} ''bsdus rtags'' || repetition
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༓}} || {{bo-textonly|འཛུད་རྟགས་མེ་ལོང་ཅན}} '''dzud rtags me long can'' || [[Caret (proofreading)|caret]] (indicates text insertion)
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༼}} || {{bo-textonly|ཨང་ཁང་གཡོན་འཁོར}} ''ang khang g.yon 'khor'' || left roof bracket
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༽}} || {{bo-textonly|ཨང་ཁང་གཡས་འཁོར}} ''ang khang g.yas 'khor'' || right roof bracket
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༺}} || {{bo-textonly|གུག་རྟགས་གཡོན}} ''gug rtags g.yon''|| left bracket
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|༻}} || {{bo-textonly|གུག་རྟགས་གཡས}} ''gug rtags g.yas'' || right bracket
|}

==Extended use==
[[File:Unknown Tibetan Sanskrit Text.jpg|thumb|250px|A bilingual text (Tibetan and [[Sanskrit]]) written in Tibetan script. From the personal artifact collection of Donald Weir.]]
The Tibetan alphabet, when used to write other languages such as [[Balti language|Balti]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Sanskrit]], often has additional and/or modified [[graphemes]] taken from the basic Tibetan alphabet to represent different sounds.

===Extended alphabet===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+
|-
! Letter !! Used in !! Romanization !! IPA !! Comments
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཫ}} || [[Balti language|Balti]] || qa || {{IPAslink|q|qa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ka}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཬ}} || [[Balti language|Balti]] || ṛa || {{IPAslink|ɽ|ɽa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ར}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ra}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཁ༹}} || [[Balti language|Balti]] || xa || {{IPAslink|χ|χa}} || {{bo-textonly|ཁ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|kha}}) with ''tsa phru''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ག༹}} || [[Balti language|Balti]] || ġa || {{IPAslink|ʁ|ʁa}} || {{bo-textonly|ག}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ga}}) with ''tsa phru''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཕ༹}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || fa || {{IPAslink|f|fa}} || {{bo-textonly|ཕ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|pha}}) with ''tsa phru''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|བ༹}} || [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || va || {{IPAslink|v|va}} || {{bo-textonly|བ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ba}}) with ''tsa phru''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|གྷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || gha || {{IPAslink|ɡʱ|ɡʱa}} || {{bo-textonly|ག}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ga}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཛྷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || dzha || {{IPAslink|d͡zʱ|d͡zʱa}} || {{bo-textonly|ཛ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|dza}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཊ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṭa || {{IPAslink|ʈ|ʈa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ཏ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ta}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཋ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṭha || {{IPAslink|ʈʰ|ʈʰa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ཐ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|tha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཌ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ḍa || {{IPAslink|ɖ|ɖa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ད}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|da}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཌྷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ḍha || {{IPAslink|ɖʱ|ɖʱa}} || {{bo-textonly|ཌ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ḍa}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཎ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṇa || {{IPAslink|ɳ|ɳa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ན}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|na}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|དྷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || dha || {{IPAslink|dʱ|dʱa}} || {{bo-textonly|ད}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|da}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|བྷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || bha || {{IPAslink|bʱ|bʱa}} || {{bo-textonly|བ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ba}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཧ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཥ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṣa || {{IPAslink|ʂ|ʂa}} || reversed {{bo-textonly|ཤ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|sha}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཀྵ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || kṣa || {{IPA|/kʂa/}} || {{bo-textonly|ཀ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ka}}) with subjoined {{bo-textonly|ཥ}} ({{transliteration|Tibt|ṣa}})
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ྈྐ}} || ([[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]]) [[Sanskrit]] || xka || {{IPAslink|x|xka}} || {{lang|sa|[[jihvamuliya|jihvāmūlīya]]}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ྉྤ}} || ([[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]]) [[Sanskrit]] || fpa || {{IPAslink|ɸ|ɸpa}} || {{lang|sa|[[upadhmaniya|upadhmānīya]]}}
|}
* The [[Sanskrit]] [[retroflex consonants]] {{transliteration|sa|[[Ṭa (Indic)|ṭa]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Ṭha (Indic)|ṭha]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Ḍa (Indic)|ḍa]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Ḍha (Indic)|ḍha]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Ṇa (Indic)|ṇa]]}} and {{transliteration|sa|[[Ṣa (Indic)|ṣa]]}} are represented by reversing {{bo-textonly|ཏ ཐ ད ན ཤ}} (ta, tha, da, na, sha).
* It is a classical rule to transliterate Sanskrit {{transliteration|sa|[[Ca (Indic)|ca]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Cha (Indic)|cha]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Ja (Indic)|ja]]}}, {{transliteration|sa|[[Jha (Indic)|jha]]}}, to Tibetan {{bo-textonly|ཙ ཚ ཛ ཛྷ}} (tsa, tsha, dza, dzha), respectively. Nowadays, {{bo-textonly|ཅ ཆ ཇ ཇྷ}} (ca, cha, ja, jha) can also be used.

===Extended vowel marks and modifiers===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+
|-
! Vowel Mark !! Used in !! Romanization & IPA
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཱ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ā {{IPA|/aː/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཱི}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ī {{IPA|/iː/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཱུ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ū {{IPA|/uː/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཻ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ai {{IPA|/ɐi̯/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཽ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || au {{IPA|/ɐu̯/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ྲྀ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṛ {{IPA|/r̩/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཷ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṝ {{IPA|/r̩ː/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ླྀ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ḷ {{IPA|/l̩/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཹ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ḹ {{IPA|/l̩ː/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཾ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ṃ {{IPA|/◌̃/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ྃ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || m̐ {{IPA|/◌̃/}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|ཿ}} || [[Sanskrit]] || ḥ {{IPA|/h/}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+
|-
! Symbol/ Graphemes !! Name !! Used in !! Function
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|྄}} || ''srog med'' || [[Sanskrit]] || ''[[virama]]: suppresses the [[inherent vowel]] sound''
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{bo-textonly|྅}} || ''paluta'' || [[Sanskrit]] || ''[[avagraha]]: used for prolonging vowel sounds''
|}

=== Consonant clusters ===
In addition to the use of supplementary graphemes, the rules for constructing consonant clusters are amended, allowing any character to occupy the superscript or subscript position, negating the need for the prescript and postscript positions.

== Romanization and transliteration ==

Romanization and transliteration of the Tibetan script is the representation of the Tibetan script in the [[Latin script]]. Multiple Romanization and transliteration systems have been created in recent years, but do not fully represent the true phonetic sound.{{NoteTag|See for instance [http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdf] [http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.pdf]}} While the [[Wylie transliteration]] system is widely used to Romanize [[Standard Tibetan]], others include the Library of Congress system and the IPA-based transliteration (Jacques 2012).

Below is a table with Tibetan letters and different Romanization and transliteration system for each letter, listed below systems are: Wylie transliteration (W), [[Tibetan pinyin]] (TP), [[Dzongkha]] phonetic (DP), [[ALA-LC Romanization]] (A)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/tibetan.pdf |title=ALA-LC Romanization of Tibetan script (PDF) |website=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=2017-12-29 |archive-date=2018-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413080847/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/tibetan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription]] (THL).

{| class="wikitable"
|-a lign=center style="font-size:small;"
! Letter
! [[Wylie transliteration|W]]
! [[Tibetan pinyin|TP]]
! DP
! [[ALA-LC Romanization|A]]
! [[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription|THL]]
! style="border-left:2px solid black;" | Letter
! W
! TP
! DP
! A
! THL
! style="border-left:2px solid black;" | Letter
! W
! TP
! DP
! A
! THL
! style="border-left:2px solid black;" | Letter
! W
! TP
! DP
! A
! THL
|-align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཀ}} || ka || g || ka || ka || ka || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཁ}} || kha || k || kha || kha || kha || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ག}} || ga* || k* || kha* || ga* || ga* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ང}} || nga || ng || nga || nga || nga
|- align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཅ}} || ca || j || ca || ca || cha || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཆ}} || cha || q || cha || cha || cha || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཇ}} || ja* || q* || cha* || ja* || ja* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཉ}} || nya || ny || nya || nya || nya
|-align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཏ}} || ta || d || ta || ta || ta || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཐ}} || tha || t || tha || tha || ta || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ད}} || da* || t* || tha* || da* || da* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ན}} || na || n || na || na || na
|- align=center
|{{bo-textonly|པ}} || pa || b || pa || pa || pa || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཕ}} || pha || p || pha || pha || pa || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|བ}} || ba* || p* || pha* || ba* || ba* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|མ}} || ma || m || ma || ma || ma
|-align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཙ}} || tsa || z || tsa || tsa || tsa || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཚ}} || tsha || c || tsha || tsha || tsa || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཛ}} || dza* || c* || tsha* || dza* || dza* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཝ}} || wa || w || wa || wa || wa
|- align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཞ}} || zha* || x* || sha* || zha* || zha* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཟ}} || za* || s* || sa* || za* || za* || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|འ}} || 'a || - || a || 'a || a || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཡ}} || ya || y || ya || ya || ya
|-align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ར}} || ra || r || ra || ra || ra || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ལ}} || la || l || la || la || la || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཤ}} || sha || x || sha || sha || sha || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ས}} || sa || s || sa || sa || sa
|- align=center
|{{bo-textonly|ཧ}} || ha || h || ha || ha || ha || style="border-left:2px solid black;" | {{bo-textonly|ཨ}} || a || a || a || a || a || style="border-left:2px solid black;" colspan="12" |  
|-
|align="center" colspan=24 style="font-size:88%;" |* – Only in [[loanwords]]
|}

==Input method and keyboard layout==
===Tibetan===
[[File:Tibetan Keyboard.png|thumb|420px|[[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] keyboard layout]]
The first version of Microsoft Windows to support the Tibetan keyboard layout is MS [[Windows Vista]]. The layout has been available in [[Linux]] since September 2007. In [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] 12.04, one can install Tibetan language support through Dash / Language Support / Install/Remove Languages, the input method can be turned on from Dash / Keyboard Layout, adding Tibetan keyboard layout. The layout applies the similar layout as in Microsoft Windows.

[[Mac OS X]] introduced Tibetan Unicode support in version 10.5, now with three different keyboard layouts available: Tibetan-Wylie, Tibetan QWERTY and Tibetan-Otani.

===Dzongkha===
[[File:Dzongkha Keyboard layout Main.svg|thumb|300px|[[Dzongkha]] keyboard layout]]
{{Main|Dzongkha keyboard layout}}
The Dzongkha keyboard layout scheme is designed as a simple means for inputting [[Dzongkha]] text on computers. This keyboard layout was standardized by the [[Dzongkha Development Commission]] (DDC) and the [[Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications, Bhutan|Department of Information Technology]] (DIT) of the [[Royal Government of Bhutan]] in 2000.

It was updated in 2009 to accommodate additional characters added to the [[Unicode]] and [[Universal Coded Character Set|ISO 10646]] standards since the initial version. Since the arrangement of keys essentially follows the usual order of the Dzongka and Tibetan alphabet, the layout can be quickly learned by anyone familiar with this alphabet. Subjoined (combining) consonants are entered using the Shift key.

The Dzongka keyboard layout is included in Microsoft Windows, Android, and most distributions of Linux as part of [[XFree86]].

==Unicode==

{{Main|Tibetan (Unicode block)}}

Tibetan was originally one of the scripts in the first version of the [[Unicode]] Standard in 1991, in the Unicode block U+1000–U+104F. However, in 1993, in version 1.1, it was removed (the code points it took up would later be used for the [[Burmese script]] in version 3.0). The Tibetan script was re-added in July, 1996 with the release of version 2.0.

The Unicode block for Tibetan is U+0F00–U+0FFF. It includes letters, digits and various punctuation marks and special symbols used in religious texts:

{{Unicode chart Tibetan}}

== See also ==
* [[Tibetan calligraphy]]
* [[Tibetan Braille]]
* [[Dzongkha Braille]]
* [[:Category:Tibetan typefaces|Tibetan typefaces]]
* [[Wylie transliteration]]
* [[Tibetan pinyin]]
* [[Roman Dzongkha]]
* [[THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription]]
* [[Tise]], input method for Tibetan script
* [[Limbu script]]

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Asher, R. E. ed. ''The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics''. Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon Press, 1994. 10 vol.
* Beyer, Stephan V. (1993). ''The Classical Tibetan Language''. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri Satguru.
* Chamberlain, Bradford Lynn. 2008. Script Selection for Tibetan-related Languages in Multiscriptal Environments. ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language'' 192:117–132.
* Csoma de Kőrös, Alexander. (1983). ''A Grammar of the Tibetan Language''. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri Satguru.
* Csoma de Kőrös, Alexander (1980–1982). ''Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Vocabulary''. 2 vols. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri Satguru.
* Daniels, Peter T. and William Bright. ''The World's Writing Systems''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
* Das, Sarat Chandra: "The Sacred and Ornamental Characters of Tibet". ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'', vol. 57 (1888), pp. 41–48 and 9 plates.
* Das, Sarat Chandra. (1996). ''An Introduction to the Grammar of the Tibetan Language''. Reprinted by Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
* Jacques, Guillaume 2012. [https://www.academia.edu/2322359/A_new_transcription_system_for_Old_and_Classical_Tibetan A new transcription system for Old and Classical Tibetan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809210141/http://www.academia.edu/2322359/A_new_transcription_system_for_Old_and_Classical_Tibetan |date=2017-08-09 }}, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 35.3:89-96.
* Jäschke, Heinrich August. (1989). ''Tibetan Grammar''. Corrected by Sunil Gupta. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri Satguru.
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts/howtowritethetibetanscript Tibetan Calligraphy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128174741/https://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts/howtowritethetibetanscript |date=2013-01-28 }}—Online guide for writing Tibetan script.
* [https://sites.google.com/view/chrisfynn/home/tibetanscriptfonts/thetibetanwritingsystem Elements of the Tibetan writing system].
* [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdf Unicode area U0F00-U0FFF, Tibetan script (162KB)]
* [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/encoding%20model%20of%20the%20tibetan%20script%20in%20the%20ucs.html Encoding Model of the Tibetan Script in the UCS]
* [http://www.digitaltibetan.org/index.php/Digital_Tibetan Digital Tibetan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710141837/http://digitaltibetan.org/index.php/Digital_Tibetan |date=2017-07-10 }}—Online resource for the digitalization of Tibetan.
* [http://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/home.html Tibetan Scripts, Fonts & Related Issues]—[[THDL]] articles on Unicode font issues; free cross-platform OpenType fonts—Unicode compatible.
* [http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/ Free Tibetan Fonts Project]
* [http://www.ancientscripts.com/tibetan.html Ancient Scripts: Tibetan]

{{Tibetan language}}
{{list of writing systems}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tibetan script| ]]
[[Category:Dzongkha language]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Writing systems without word boundaries]]

Ammathiruvadi Temple

2026-03-25T22:09:14Z

Advsunilnshah: added citations based on references

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more references needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Tone|date=April 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ammathiruvadi Temple
| image = Ammathiruvadi Temple.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Thrissur District]]
| location = [[Urakam, Thrissur|Urakam]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Durga]]
| festivals= Navaratri
| architecture = [[Kerala]]
}}

[[File:Gopuram .jpg|thumb|Urakam Ammathiruvadi Temple]]

'''Ammathiruvadi Temple''' is an ancient temple in [[Urakam, Thrissur|Urakam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srivastava |first1=Priya |title=Offbeat India: 10 places to skip the crowd and social distance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/offbeat-india-10-places-to-skip-the-crowd-and-social-distance/photostory/85396348.cms?picid=85396443 |website=The Times of India |access-date=20 June 2025 |date=17 August 2021}}</ref> It is located approximately {{convert|11|km}} from the [[Thrissur]] railway station.<ref name=TL>{{cite web |last1=Arora |first1=Kashish |title=Unravel The Secrets Of Kerala’s Ammathiruvadi Temple |url=https://www.travelandleisureasia.com/in/destinations/ammathiruvadi-temple/ |website=Travel and Leisure Asia {{!}} India |access-date=20 June 2025 |language=en-IN |date=16 February 2021}}</ref>

The temple is one of the 108 temples in Kerala dedicated to the goddess [[Durga]]. Its precise age is unclear, but it is believed to be approximately 1100 years old.<ref name=TL/>

Urakam Ammathiruvadi Temple is an architectural marvel with its majestic Rajagopuram (ornamental gateways), Mathilkettu (compound walls), ootupura (feeding hall), nalambalam (building immediately surrounding the sanctum sanctorum), the double storied Shrikovil (sanctum sanctorum) and the serene atmosphere maintained at the inner temple.

The Valayadheeswari Temple or the more popularly known as Ammathiruvadi Temple of Urakam is the foremost of the 108 Durgaalayams (durga Temples) of Kerala. According to the [[Purana|Puraanaas]], Kerala was reclaimed by Lord [[Parasurama]], the sixth avatar of Maha[[vishnu]], from sea by throwing his parasu (axe) from Kanyakumari to Gokarna and divided this land to 64 gramas. He realized that for the prosperity and well-being of this Bhargava Land, it was essential to have the benign blessings of Durga and identified 108 places for the temple. The locations of these temples represent the scattered body parts of Sati Devi, the consort of Lord Paramasiva, cut into pieces by Mahavishnu with his chakra to pacify [[Shiva|Siva]] after the incident-filled Dakshayaga.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

'''History of Urakam Ammathiruvadi Temple :'''

According to the Kerala folklore, Poomulli Namboothiri (also sometimes referred to as Thiruvalayannur Bhattathiri) founded Ammathiruvadi temple about 700–1000 years ago. The temple site was once the location of the Namboothiri's household. Ūrakam was then a part of the Peruvanam village (one of the 64 villages of ancient Kerala).

Legend has it that, due to the atrocities and calamities happening within the Desham, elders suggested three prominent members from the community, viz, Valaya Bhattathiri, Kadalayil Namboothiri and then Komarathu Menon to travel to Kancheepuram and pray to goddess Kanchi Kamakshi and then please her and bring favourable solutions to ward off the evil effects happening that time. They all went and pleased with their prayers, happy with the devotion, Devi agreed to come with them to Urakam. Accordingly, Kanchi Kamakshi decided to come to Kerala on the palm leaf umbrella of Poomulli (Valayannur) Namboothiri. He reached home and placed the umbrella on the floor of his house. After a short nap, he came back and found that he was unable to take back the umbrella from the place where he kept. It was heavily grounded to the floor. Later upon further investigation it was confirmed that Kanchi Kamakshi was residing on that umbrella. The goddess came in Namboothiri's dreams that night and let him know that he was supposed to build a temple for the goddess, and leave Ūrakam towards North. She also let him know that he was to find an idol in a well far away and reinstate the goddess from the umbrella onto that idol. Namboothiri did as the goddess wished. He built the temple, after a short period of administration of the temple matters by the Poomulli family, he left all that he owned to the temple, and gave the administration to the Maharaja of Cochin. From then on the goddess was known as the Ammathiruvadi.

Later on the temple administration was transferred to [[Cochin Devaswam Board]], who takes care of it even now. Urakam Ammathiruvadi temple is an integral part of the 1400 year old [[Arattupuzha Pooram]] festival. Arrattuppuzha pooram is called as Deva Mela, where all the gods and goddesses assemble together in the presence of Thriprayar Thevar (Sri [[Rama]]), considered their head. According to the old customs continued by the family of Cochi Raja and then subsequently by the Kerala State, whenever, Ammathiruvadi travel outside the temple, i.e. for pooram or other festivals, she is supposed to be greeted with official "Guard of Honour" by the police. All festivities of this temple are taken care of a local committee with the guidance of Cochin Devaswom board.

Stories passed on from elders tell also that in those days, the idol installed by Poomulli Namboothiri was originally the Devi idol worshiped by Sri Rama before he went to war with Ravana. There are several historic connections one get to see in places nearer to Oorakam, supporting the claim that the village was part of ancient Hindu history. Due to the same connections, this village and all the adjacent villages carry a divine and prosperous aura throughout. Agricultural and other activities always flourish here.

It is also said that one family close to the temple became so devoted to the Devi that she was pleased with their bhakthi and from then on, the eldest member of this family - Vazhappilly - became the guard of Ammathiruvadi and wherever she goes, she will be accompanied by this member. This continues even now.

Since she came to Urakam on an umbrella made of palm leaf, whenever Ammathiruvadi's idol is carried out, it will be accompanied by a person carrying an umbrella made of palm leaf.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

'''Festivals :'''

Ammathiruvadi Temple conducts five famous festivals annually. These are the Navaratri, Thrikkarthika, Pooram, Illam Nira and Vavarat. The Navarathri is a nine-day festival which is celebrated very grandly. This temple is decorated with lights, sounds and by flowers. The Thrikkarthika festival is celebrated as the birthday of Ammathiruvadi. On this occasion the goddess is dressed in silk cloths and adorns the temple jewels. The temple elephants are also decorated and take them for procession. The important feature of this festival is the grand feast given o more than 15,000 people's very year whoever comes on this festival occasion. It is said that, no one should go out of this temple with an empty stomach. The Pooram is an important event for cultural programs. This is a 13-day festival grandly celebrated with temple elephants and percussions. The festival is worth to enjoy as one can see the art and culture truly with the religious sentiments of the locals.{{commons category|Urakam Ammathiruvadi Temple}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Durga temples in Kerala]]

David Williams (British legal scholar)

2026-03-22T09:02:31Z

Advsunilnshah: Created Some Details First Draft...

{{Short description|Welsh barrister and legal scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix=
|name= Sir David Williams
|honorific_suffix= {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|QC|DL}}
|birth_date= {{birth date|1930|10|22|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Carmarthen]], [[Carmarthenshire]], Wales
|death_date= {{death date and age|2009|9|6|1930|10|22|df=y}}
|office= [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge|Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge]]
|term= 1989 to 1996
|predecessor= [[Michael McCrum]]
|successor= [[Alec Broers]]
|chancellor= [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]]
|alma_mater= [[Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Carmarthen]] [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
}}
'''Sir David Glyndwr Tudor Williams''', {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|QC|DL}} (22 October 1930 – 6 September 2009) was a Welsh [[barrister]] and legal scholar. He was president of [[Wolfson College, Cambridge]] from 1980 to 1992. He was also [[vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge]]: on a part-time basis from 1989 to 1992, and then as the first full-time vice-chancellor from 1992 to 1996.

==Early life and education==
Williams was educated at [[Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Carmarthen]]. From 1949 to 1950, he undertook [[national service]] with the [[Royal Air Force]]. In 1950, he [[matriculated]] into [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]] to study history and law. He graduated from the [[University of Cambridge]] with a [[first class honours|first class]] [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA) degree in 1954.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|id=102379|title=Williams, Sir David Glyndwr Tudor (1930–2009), legal scholar and university administrator |first=David |last=Feldman|year=2013}}</ref><ref name="WWW">{{cite web |title=Williams, Sir David (Glyndwr Tudor) |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-39939 |website=[[Who Was Who]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=28 March 2019 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U39939 |date=1 December 2016|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1 }}</ref>

==Academic career==
He was a [[Harkness Fellow]] at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]] and [[Harvard]] between 1956 and 1958.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.villanova.edu/artsci/assets/documents/academics/undergraduate/uga/nafa/SirDavidWilliams.pdf|title=College of Liberal Arts and Sciences | Villanova University}}</ref> He moved to [[Emmanuel College, Cambridge]], from [[Keble College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] in 1967 and was subsequently promoted to [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]] in public law 1976–1980, before being appointed [[Rouse Ball Professor of English Law]] 1983–1992 and elected [[Master (college)|president]] of [[Wolfson College, Cambridge]] 1980–1992.

In 1989 he was appointed the first full-time vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge and was a member of the [[Nuffield Council on Bioethics]] from 1991 to 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nuffieldbioethics.org/about/council-members/council-members|title=Past Council Members|publisher=Nuffield Council on Bioethics|access-date=21 April 2017|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422034004/http://nuffieldbioethics.org/about/council-members/council-members|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007 he was appointed as the chancellor of [[Swansea University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/news/2007/09/20/professor-sir-david-williams-inaugurated-as-chancellor-of-swansea-university |title=Wolfson College News » Professor Sir David Williams inaugurated as Chancellor of Swansea University |access-date=24 June 2008 |archive-date=24 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024134224/http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/news/2007/09/20/professor-sir-david-williams-inaugurated-as-chancellor-of-swansea-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Williams had been awarded honorary degrees by a dozen institutions, including an honorary [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]] from the [[University of Cambridge]] and a [[Doctor of Civil Law]] from the [[University of Western Ontario]].

Williams died from [[cancer]] on 6 September 2009 at the age of 78.<ref name="death faculty">{{cite web |url=http://www.law.cam.ac.uk/press/news/2009/09/death-of-professor-sir-david-williams/998 |title=Death of Professor Sir David Williams - Faculty of Law |access-date=2009-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910071535/http://www.law.cam.ac.uk/press/news/2009/09/death-of-professor-sir-david-williams/998 |archive-date=2009-09-10 }}</ref><ref name="obit Times">{{cite news |title=Professor Sir David Williams: legal scholar |url=https://www.thetimes.com/best-law-firms/profile-legal/article/professor-sir-david-williams-legal-scholar-xsdqwqm8qbc |access-date=28 March 2019 |work=The Times |date=22 September 2009 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, the [[Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge Faculty of Law]] named its building<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/press/news/2016/10/naming-law-faculty-building|title=Naming of the Law Faculty building {{!}} Faculty of Law|website=www.law.cam.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref> and a Chair in Public Law<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.cam.ac.uk/press/news/2016/04/gift-honour-sir-david-williams|title=Gift in honour of Sir David Williams {{!}} Faculty of Law|website=www.law.cam.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-05-04}}</ref> after him.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/law-obituaries/6248213/Professor-Sir-David-Williams.html Professor David Williams] - Daily Telegraph obituary

{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|title=President of [[Wolfson College, Cambridge]]|before=[[John Morrison (professor)|John Morrison]]|after=[[John Tusa]]|years=1980–1992}}
{{succession box|title=[[Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge]]|before=[[Michael William McCrum|Michael McCrum]]|after=[[Alec Broers]]|years=1989–1996}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, David}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Honorary King's Counsel]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in England]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Cambridgeshire]]
[[Category:Fellows of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Harkness Fellows]]
[[Category:Harvard University fellows]]
[[Category:Presidents of Wolfson College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:People associated with Swansea University]]
[[Category:20th-century King's Counsel]]
[[Category:People educated at Queen Elizabeth High School, Carmarthen]]
[[Category:Rouse Ball Professors of English Law]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Lawyers awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Professors of Law (Cambridge)]]

Nandigram Express

2026-03-20T17:30:39Z

Advsunilnshah:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Nandigram Express
| image = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]] & [[Telangana]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|CSMT Mumbai]] (CSMT)
| first service = 21 March 2007; 18 years ago
| stops = 27
| end = [[Balharshah railway station|Balharshah]] (BPQ)
| distance = {{convert|939|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 21 hours 10 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 11001 / 11002
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|48|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
}}

The 11001 / 11002 '''Nandigram Express''' is an express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] that runs between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|CSMT Mumbai]] and [[Balharshah Junction railway station|Balharshah]] both railway stations in Maharashtra.

Before daily between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CSMT]] and [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Junction]]. After [[COVID-19 pandemic]] the train was terminated to [[Adilabad]] and then extended to [[Balharshah]].

==Coaches==

The 11001/11002 Nandigram Express presently has 1 AC 1st Class cum AC 2 tier, 1 AC 2 cum AC 3 tier, 2 AC 3 tier, 10 Sleeper class & 3 General Unreserved coaches 2 Guard cum Brake van. There is no [[pantry car]] attached but vendors are available.

As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==

The 11001/11002 Nandigram Express covers the distance of 939 kilometres in 21 hours 10 mins (47 kmph (30 mph)) in from Mumbai to Ballarshah and in 21 hours 10 minutes (48 kmph (30 mph)) from Ballarshah to Mumbai.

==Route & halts==

The train's halts are [[Mumbai CSMT]], [[Dadar railway station|Dadar]], [[Thane railway station|Thane]], [[Kalyan Junction railway station|Kalyan Junction]], [[Igatpuri railway station|Igatpuri]], [[Nasik Road railway station|Nahsik Road]], [[Lasalgaon railway station|Lasalgaon]], [[Manmad Junction railway station|Manmad Junction]], [[Rotegaon railway station|Rotegaon]], [[Lasur railway station|Lasur]], [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar railway station|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar]], [[Jalna railway station|Jalna]], [[Partur]], [[Selu railway station|Selu]], [[Parbhani Junction]], [[Purna Junction]], [[Hazur Sahib Nanded]], [[Mudkhed Junction]], [[Bhokar]], [[Himayatnagar, Maharashtra|Himayatnagar]], [[Sahasrakund]], [[Bodhadi Bujrug]], [[Kinwat]], [[Adilabad]], [[Pimpal Khuti]], [[Wani, Yavatmal|Wani]], [[Bhandak]], [[Chandrapur]], [[Balharshah]].

==Traction==

It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal|Bhusawal Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from CSMT Mumbai to Balharshah and vice versa.

==Timetable==

* 11001 Nandigram Express leaves Mumbai CSMT every day at 16:35 hrs IST and reaches Balharshah at 13:45 hrs IST the Next Day.
* 11002 Nandigram Express leaves
Balharshah every day at 08:30 hrs IST and reaches Mumbai CSMT at 05:40 hrs IST the Next Day.

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Station code
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Station name
!scope="col" colspan="2" style="background:gold;"|
'''11001 – Mumbai CSMT to''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1157|title=Nandigram Express 11001|accessdate=19 Nov 2023|website= India Rail Info}}</ref> Ballarshah
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Distance from source in km
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Day
!scope="col" colspan="2" style="background:gold;"|
'''11002 –Ballarshah to Mumbai CSMT'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1158|title=Nandigram Express 11402|accessdate=19 Nov 2023|website= India Rail Info}}</ref>
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="background:gold;"| Distance from source in km
!
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:gold;" | Day
|-
!scope="col" colspan="1" style="background:gold;"|Arrival
!scope="col" colspan="1" style="background:gold;"|Departure
!scope="col" colspan="1" style="background:gold;"|Arrival
!scope="col" colspan="1" style="background:gold;"|Departure
!
|-
| valign="center" | CSMT
| valign="center" | [[Mumbai CSMT]]
| valign="center" | '''Source'''
| valign="center" | '''16:35'''
| valign="center" | 0
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | '''05:30'''
| valign="center" | '''Destination'''
| valign="center" | 793
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | DR
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Dadar}}
| valign="center" | 16:45
| valign="center" | 16:48
| valign="center" | 9
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 05:02
| valign="center" | 05:05
| valign="center" | 784
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | TNA
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Thane}}
| valign="center" | 17:08
| valign="center" | 17:10
| valign="center" | 34
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 04:38
| valign="center" | 04:40
| valign="center" | 760
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | KYN
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
| valign="center" | 17:27
| valign="center" | 17:30
| valign="center" | 54
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 04:17
| valign="center" | 04:20
| valign="center" | 740
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | IGP
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Igatpuri}}
| valign="center" | 19:07
| valign="center" | 19:12
| valign="center" | 136
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 02:32
| valign="center" | 02:37
| valign="center" | 658
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | NK
| valign="center" |{{stnlnk|Nasik Road}}
| valign="center" | 19:55
| valign="center" | 20:00
| valign="center" | 186
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 01:27
| valign="center" | 01:30
| valign="center" | 608
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | MMR
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}
| valign="center" | 21:35
| valign="center" | 21:40
| valign="center" | 259
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 00:20
| valign="center" | 00:25
| valign="center" | 535
|
| valign="center" | 2
|-
| valign="center" | AWB
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar}}
| valign="center" | 23:40
| valign="center" | 23:45
| valign="center" | 371
| valign="center" | 1
| valign="center" | 21:25
| valign="center" | 21:30
| valign="center" | 421
|
| valign="center" | 1
|-
| valign="center" | NED
| valign="center" | {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}}
| valign="center" | 05:00
| valign="center" | 05:05
| valign="center" | 607
| valign="center" | 2
| valign="center" | 16:40
| valign="center" | 16:45
| valign="center" | 185
|
| valign="center" | 1
|-
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:11401 Nandigram Express - Sleeper Class coach.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Sleeper class]] coach
File:11401 Nandigram Express - Coach AB1.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – Coach AB1
File:11401 Nandigram Express - AC 3 tier coach.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]] coach
File:11401 Nandigram Express - AC 2 cum 3 tier coach.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 2 cum 3 tier]] coach
File:11401 Nandigram Express - AC 2 cum AC First Class coach.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 2 cum AC First Class]] coach
File:11401 Nandigram Express - Train board.jpg|11401 Nandigram Express – Train board
</gallery>

==External links==
* http://www.indianrail.gov.in
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/
* http://www.irfca.org

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Railways in Central India}}

[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Telangana]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

Aditya Sahu

2026-03-14T20:31:47Z

Advsunilnshah: New The Pg Initial Version...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office1 = President of [[Bharatiya Janata Party – Jharkhand]]
| term_start1 = 14 January 2026
| predecessor1 = [[Babulal Marandi]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 8 July 2022
| constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1963|10|7}}
| birth_place = Kuchu, [[Ormanjhi block|Ormanjhi]], [[Ranchi district]], [[Bihar]] (present-day [[Jharkhand]])
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Lalita Devi|1987}}
| children = 1 son & 1 daughter
| father = Chatur Sahu
| mother = Daulat Devi
| education = [[Master of Commerce]]
| alma_mater = [[Ranchi University]]
| profession = Professor, Politician
| image_size = 180
}}
'''Aditya Sahu''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], upper house of the Parliament of India from [[Jharkhand]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/rajya-sabha-polls-2022-full-list-of-mps-elected-unopposed-to-upper-house-article-91986789 | title=Rajya Sabha Polls 2022: Full list of candidates elected unopposed to Upper House | publisher=Times Now | date=3 June 2022 | accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/jmms-mahua-maji-bjps-aditya-sahu-elected-unopposed-to-rajya-sabha-from-jharkhand | title=JMM's Mahua Maji, BJP's Aditya Sahu elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Jharkhand | publisher=Free Press Journal | date=3 June 2022 | accessdate=3 June 2022}}</ref> He is currently [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Jharkhand|BJP Jharkhand]] President.<ref>https://www.indiatv.in/jharkhand/rajya-sabha-mp-aditya-sahu-appointed-new-president-of-jharkhand-bjp-2026-01-14-1190480</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/aditya-sahu-elected-new-president-of-jharkhand-bjp-seeks-to-protect-tribal-rights/article70509831.ece</ref>

==Early life==
He was born in Kuchu village of [[Ormanjhi block|Ormanjhi]] of [[Ranchi district]] in state of Jharkhand. He is son of late Chatur Sahu and Daulat Devi. His two elder brother are Kaleswar Sahu and Meghnath Sahu. He had studied M.Com.<ref name="Prabhat khabar"/> He married Lalita Devi. He has one daughter and one son.<ref name="Prabhat khabar">{{cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/jharkhand-rajya-sabha-elections-bjp-gave-this-message-by-making-aditya-sahu-a-candidate-srn|title=झारखंड राज्यसभा चुनाव: आदित्य साहू को उम्मीदवार बनाकर भाजपा ने दिया ये संदेश, जानें कौन हैं वो|publisher=Prabhat khabar|date=30 May 2022|accessdate=11 August 2022}}</ref> He belongs to [[Sundhi]] community.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jun/02/bjp-sacrifices-big-guns-to-get-caste-math-right-2460796.html|title=BJP sacrifices big guns to get caste math right|publisher=New Indian Express|date=2 June 2022|accessdate=24 September 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
He was professor of Ram Tahal Chaudhary College till 2019. He is member of BJP since two decades. He was leader of state BJP unit from 2019.<ref name="Prabhat khabar"/> In 2022, he was elected as a member of [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/prabhat-khabar-exclusive-efforts-made-to-raise-the-voice-of-last-person-of-the-society-in-rajya-sabha-said-aditya-sahu-smj|title=राज्यसभा में समाज के अंतिम व्यक्ति के आवाज को उठाने की होगी कोशिश : आदित्य साहू|publisher=Prabhat khabar|date=8 June 2022|accessdate=11 August 2022}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Organization
! colspan="2" |Period
|-
|Lecturer
|R.T.C. College, Ormanjhi, Ranchi
|1989
|2019
|-
|District Vice-Chairman
|Twenty Point Programme
|2003
|2005
|-
|Independent Director
|[[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]]
|2021
|2022
|-
|District Vice-President
|Bharatiya Janata Party – Ranchi
|1999
|2003
|-
|District President
|Bharatiya Janata Party – Ranchi
|2009
|2010
|-
|State Vice-President
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party – Jharkhand]]
|2015
|2019
|-
|General Secretary
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party – Jharkhand]]
|2019
|2020
|-
|State President
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party – Jharkhand]]
|2026
|''present''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Aditya}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:People from Ranchi district]]
[[Category:Nagpuria people]]

{{Jharkhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Ramachandrapuram mandal, Tirupati district

2026-03-09T13:12:03Z

Advsunilnshah: starting place

{{Other uses|Ramachandrapuram (disambiguation){{!}}Ramachandrapuram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ramachandrapuram mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Kammapalle]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Ramachandrapuram mandal''' is one of the 36 [[mandal]]s in [[Tirupati district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is under the administration of [[Tirupati revenue division]] and the headquarters are located at [[Kammapalle]].

== History ==
Ramachandrapuram mandal was a part of [[Chittoor district]] until 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2021 |title=Essentials air-dropped in Chittoor’s flood-ravaged villages, abutting Rayalacheruvu |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/essentials-air-dropped-in-chittoors-flood-ravaged-villages-abutting-rayalacheruvu/article37639770.ece |access-date=7 October 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district effective from 4 April 2022 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2022 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=[[Sakshi Post]] |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601231914/https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Geography ==
The mandal is bounded by [[Chandragiri mandal|Chandragiri]], [[Tirupati (rural) mandal|Tirupati (rural)]], [[Vadamalapeta mandal|Vadamalapeta]] and [[Vedurukuppam mandal|Vedurukuppam]] mandals.<ref name="map">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Part-III District and Sub-district [Mandals] Guntur to Chittoor [7 Districts] |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223154356/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2022 |access-date=26 September 2022 |publisher=[[Census of India]] |page=474, 514–515}}</ref>

== Administration ==
Ramachandrapuram mandal is a part of [[Tirupati revenue division]].<ref name=":2" /> The headquarters are located at [[Kammapalle]].<ref name="map" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Adjacent communities
| title = Places adjacent to [[Ramachandrapuram mandal, Tirupati district|Ramachandrapuram mandal]]
| North = [[Chandragiri mandal]] [[Tirupati (rural) mandal]]
| North-east = [[Tirupati (rural) mandal]]
| West = [[Chandragiri mandal]]
| North-west = [[Chandragiri mandal]]
| East = [[Vadamalapeta mandal]]
| South-west = [[Chandragiri mandal]] [[Vedurukuppam mandal]]
| South = [[Vedurukuppam mandal]]
| South-east = [[Vadamalapeta mandal]]
}}
{{Tirupati district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Tirupati district]]

Mizoram Super League

2026-03-06T08:16:07Z

Advsunilnshah: created stub

{{Update|date=May 2019}}
{{Short description|Indian basketball league}}
{{Infobox sports league
| title = Mizoram Super League
| current_season = 2025 Mizoram Super League
| last_season = 2024 Mizoram Super League
| logo =
| pixels =
| caption =
| formerly =
| sport = Basketball
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2015}}
| ceo =
| commissioner =
| motto =
| inaugural = 2015
| teams = 8
| country = India
| confed = 
| folded =
| champion = Zarkawt BCA (2024)
| most_champs =
| tv = [http://zonet.in/ Zonet Cable TV]
| sponsor =
| related_comps = First Division
| domestic_cup =
| website =
}}

'''Mizoram Super League''' is the highest state-level [[basketball]] league in [[Mizoram]], [[India]]. The competition is conducted by the Mizoram Basketball Association. The league started in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Basketball inelna lian Mizoram Super League |url=http://www.vanglaini.org/infiamna/29409 |website=Vanglaini.org |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>

==Media coverage==
[[File:MSL Game in Hawla Stadium.jpg|300px|thumb|MSL game in Hawla Stadium]]

Media coverage with Zonet Cable TV<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram starts league for basketball |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mizoram-starts-league-for-basketball/ |website=Indian express |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref> was signed by the MBA president Chalrosanga and Zonet director Vanneihtluanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram basketball hmel thlaktu tur Mizoram Super League |url=http://www.vanglaini.org/infiamna/27825 |website=Vanglaini |accessdate=27 November 2018}}</ref>

==Structure==
Mizoram Super League most often has up to eight teams. At the end of the season the bottom team is relegated and the top team from First Division promoted into MSL. Number of its players gets invited to compete at the national level competitions, notably the [[Elite Pro Basketball League]].

==Teams==
*Champhai BC
*Bungkawn LB
*Khatla TBL
*Zemabawk BC
*Saron BC
*Electric BC
*Chanmari BC
*Zarkawt BCA
*Easter MST BC
*VL RRP-a BC

==Venues==
The main venue where the matches are held is [[Hawla Indoor Stadium]], together with R. Dengṭhuama Hall, Mualpui and VANIS, [[Champhai]].

==See also==
*[[UBA Pro Basketball League]]
*[[INBL]]
*[[Basketball Federation of India]]
*[[Basketball in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sport in Mizoram]]
[[Category: Organisations based in Mizoram]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 2015]]

Nandanam (film)

2026-03-04T19:28:53Z

Advsunilnshah: improved formatting to improve readability to improve readability

{{Short description|2002 film directed by Ranjith}}
{{other uses|Nandanam (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nandanam
| image = Nandanam.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]
| producer = [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] Ranjith
| writer = Ranjith
| starring = {{ubl|[[Navya Nair]]|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]|[[Aravind Akash]]}}
| music = [[Raveendran]] C. Rajamani (score)
| cinematography = [[Alagappan N.]]
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| studio = Bhavana Cinema
| distributor = [[Kokers Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|12|20|India}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Nandanam''''' ({{Translation|Heavenly Garden of Krishna}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[film]] written, co-produced and directed by [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-01 |title=Revisiting Prithviraj's Nandanam: Why the romantic film still stands out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/revisiting-prithviraj-s-nandanam-why-romantic-film-still-stands-out-158264 |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Navya Nair]], [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Aravind Akash]], [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]], [[Revathi]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] and [[Saikumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]]. Playback singer [[K. J. Yesudas]] and [[Sudheesh]] make guest appearances. The film won four [[Kerala State Film Awards]] and two [[Filmfare Awards South]] awards.This film was remade in tamil as seedan

==Plot==
Balamani is an orphan who works as a maid to Unniamma, the aging matriarch of the Ambalappattil family, and lives with her in the large mansion. She has a photo of [[Guruvayurappan]] in her room, which she lights a lamp every day and talks to Lord Krishna as though she is talking to a friend. Despite being an ardent devotee of Guruvayurappan (Lord Krishna), she is not allowed to go to the sacred temple, even though the temple being close to the house. Every time she plans to go, something goes wrong. It is said that no one can visit [[Guruvayur Temple|Guruvayur temple]] until they are allowed by Lord Krishna. This makes Balamani believe that God does not want her to go. She is smitten by the love and affection from Unniamma who treats her like her granddaughter. She is also friendly with her neighbour, Janaki, who tells her that her son Unnikrishnan would be returning to the village. Balamani tells her that she would meet him but soon forgets this because of all the work she has.

One day, Unniamma's grandson Manu arrives in Ambalappattil to spend time with his grandmother. Manu has been raised by a loving single mother who lives in Bangalore. Bala recognizes him from a dream she had where she marries him in front of the [[Guruvayur Temple|Guruvayur temple]]. He begins to show affection towards Bala which she reciprocates. However, she tells him that people would not approve of them as he belongs to a high-class family and she is a servant. Soon, Manu's mother, Thankam arrives from Bangalore. She plans to get Manu married before he leaves for the US, and has already fixed his wedding. She takes an instant liking to Bala but is unaware of Manu and Bala's love for each other. Bala asks Manu to keep it that way as she does not want to upset Unniamma and Thankam.

Meanwhile, Bala meets a man who introduces himself as Unnikrishnan. She remembers that Janaki had told her that her son would soon return and a friendship forms between them. She refers to him as Unniettan, who becomes very supportive of Bala. Manu's marriage date is fixed, however, Thankam finds about the truth behind Manu and Balamani's love for each other. She asks Manu why he did not tell her earlier, who reveals that he did not want to break her heart and that she has always done the right thing for him.

She tells him that the only thing that could break her heart is to see him sad. She apologises to Manu and Bala, as it is too late to call the wedding off. Bala meets Unni and tells him that God is hurting her even though she always believed in him, and does not expect anything. Unni replies with a smile that she should not lose faith and that everything will work out in the end.

The next day, all of the relatives arrive at Ambalapattil and the marriage preparations begin. On the day of the wedding, the bride elopes with her boyfriend. Thankam suggests that Bala should marry Manu but the family, however the relatives oppose.

This causes a humiliated Bala to leave, but Unniamma stops her. She pacifies the relatives and tells them that if Manu and Bala love each other, no one should stop them. Balamani and Manu get married, and as they go to meet Unniettan, they are surprised when someone else turns up instead of the Unniettan Balamani knows. After realising this, she runs to the temple with Manu, but they cannot enter, as it is sealed. They manage to convince the police to let them cross the first barricade, and there she sees the Unniettan she knows near the main temple who smiles at her and disappears. She realizes that God had been with her all along in the form of a friend.

==Cast==
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Navya Nair]] as Balamani
*[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Manu Nandakumar
*[[Aravind Akash]] as [[Guruvayurappan|Unnikrishnan]] (voiced by [[Sudheesh]])
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] as Ambalappattil Unniyamma, Manu's maternal grandmother
*[[Revathi]] as Thankam Nandakumar, Unniyamma's daughter and Manu's mother (voiced by [[Bhagyalakshmi]])
*[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Balachandran, Unniyamma's family friend
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Kesavan Nair
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Kumbidi Swamy / Palarivattom Sasi
*[[Kalaranjini]] as Janaki, Unnikrishnan's mother and Thankam's friend (voiced by [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]])
*[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] as Ramadasan, Unniyamma's second son and Thankam's elder brother
*[[Vijayakumari]] as Parukutty Amma
*[[Subbalakshmi]] as Veshamani Ammal
*[[Meena Ganesh]] as Karthyayani Amma
*[[N. F. Varghese]] as Sreedharan, Unniyamma's nephew
*[[Jagannatha Varma]] as Ambalappattil Madhava Menon, Unniyamma's relative
*[[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Shankarammavan, Unniyamma's relative
*[[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Vijayan, Unniyamma's nephew
*[[Mala Aravindan]] as Sankaran Mooshari
*[[Kalabhavan Mani]] as Mahadevan, son of Sankaran Mooshari
*[[Jagadeesh]] as Elder son of Sankaran Mooshari
*[[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Kunjiraman, the cook
*[[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Vishwanatha Menon, Unniymma's eldest son and Nandhini's father
*[[Zeenath]] as Unniyamma's niece
*[[Subair]] as Venu Menon
* Jolly Easo as Sumam Venu, Thankam's friend
*[[Jyothirmayi]] as daughter of Venu Menon and Manu's fiancée ([[Cameo appearance|cameo]])
* Bindu Ramakrishnan as Unniyamma's relative
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Unniyamma's relative
* Nivia Rebin as Unniyamma's relative
*[[Sukumaran]] as Nandakumar, Thankam's late husband and Manu's father (Photo presence only)
*[[Gayathri (Malayalam actress)|Gayathri]] as Shakunthala, Janaki's maid
*[[Sudheesh]] as the real Unnikrishnan ([[Cameo appearance|cameo]])
*[[K. J. Yesudas]] as himself ([[Cameo appearance|cameo]])
{{Div col end}}

==Production==
This movie was shot in Paliyam Kovilakam in Paravoor.

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nandanam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Raveendran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2002
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Film
| length =
| label = Satyam Audios
| producer = [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The most critically acclaimed and popular songs of this film were written by [[Gireesh Puthenchery]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-02-11 |title=Prolific lyricist Gireesh Puthenchery passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Prolific-lyricist-Gireesh-Puthenchery-passes-away/article16814141.ece |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and composed by [[Raveendran]].<ref>{{Citation |last= |title=Nandanam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by Raveendran |date=2019-05-28 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/nandanam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1547054662 |access-date=2023-07-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> The songs were chart for weeks and the song "Karmukil Varnante" became highly popular<ref>{{Cite news |title=Musical hits of Malayalam film industry |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/photo-features/musical-hits-of-malayalam-film-industry/photostory/48522889.cms |access-date=2023-07-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and [[Girish Puthenchery]] and [[Raveendran]] won [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyricist]] and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] respectively and also [[K. S. Chithra|K.S. Chithra]] won [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Kerala State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] of the year 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=കാര്‍മുകില്‍ വര്‍ണ്ണന്റെ ചുണ്ടില്‍: നന്ദനത്തിലെ ഈ ഗാനരംഗം ചിത്രീകരിച്ചത് രഞ്ജിത്തല്ല, മറ്റൊരു സംവിധായകൻ |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/nandanam-movie-karmukil-varnante-chundil-song-directed-by-siby-malayil-698961/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Indian Express Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref> The song "Manassil Midhuna Mazha" along with its dance featuring Balamani (Navya) and Unnikrishnan (Aravind) was highly popular.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=14 May 2019 |title=മറക്കാനാകില്ല, ഈ പാട്ടിന്റെ ചടുലത; ഒപ്പം അരവിന്ദിനെയും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/songs-of-the-day/2019/05/14/dancer-aravind-in-nandanam-song-manassil-midhunamazha.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s) !! [[Raga]]
|-
| 1
| "Sreelavasantham"
| [[K. J. Yesudas|Dr. K.J. Yesudas]]
| Yamuna Kalyani
|-
| 2
| "Manassil"
| [[M. G. Sreekumar|M.G. Sreekumar]], [[Radhika Thilak]]
| [[Nata (raga)|Naatta]]
|-
| 3
| "Aarum"
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| [[Shuddha Dhanyasi]]
|-
| 4
| "Mouliyil"
| [[K. S. Chithra]]
| [[Mohanam]]
|-
| 5
| "Gopike"
| Dr. K.J. Yesudas
| [[Megh (raga)|Megh]]
|-
| 6
| "Karmukil"
| K.S. Chithra
| [[Harikambhoji]]
|-
| 7
| "Aarum"
| Sujatha
| [[Shuddha Dhanyasi]], [[Abhogi]]
|-
| 8
| "Manassil"
| M.G. Sreekumar
| [[Nata (raga)|Naatta]]
|}

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film was a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 February 2003 |title=A filmi shot in the arm |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/02/15/stories/2003021502360200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221190650/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2003/02/15/stories/2003021502360200.htm |archive-date=21 December 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=Prithviraj's Birthday: Some Career-Defining Roles of the Actor [PHOTOS] |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/prithvirajs-birthday-some-career-defining-roles-actor-photos-611571 |work=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref>

''Indiainfo'' wrote, "''Nandhanam'' by Ranjith could not gain commercial success but has high opinion on its artistic qualities. It has established Prithviraj in Malayalam cinema as an actor of wide range. The emotional content and its dramatic appeal have caught the attention of filmmakers."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2003-02-07 |title=Indiainfo: Malayalam: Box Office - Kalyanaraman leads the show |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/malayalam/boxoffice/kalayanaraman.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030207214713/http://movies.indiainfo.com/malayalam/boxoffice/kalayanaraman.html |archive-date=7 February 2003 }}</ref>

==Accolades==
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/04/stories/2003120404870400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311031032/http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/04/stories/2003120404870400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 March 2004|title=State film awards presented|date=4 December 2003|access-date=26 May 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – [[Navya Nair]]
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[K. S. Chithra]]
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] – [[Raveendran]]
*[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Lyrics]] – [[Girish Puthenchery]]

;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film Critics Awards Complete List From 1977 Till 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |website=Kerala Film Critics Association}}</ref>
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] (director)
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – Ranjith
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] – Navya Nair
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] – [[Alagappan N.]]
* Best Art Director – Suresh Kollam
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[M. G. Sreekumar]]

;[[Filmfare Awards South]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |title=The Winner: 50th Manikchand Filmfare Awards 2002 - Filmfare - Indiatimes |website=filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828123037/http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |archive-date=28 August 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam|Best Film (Malayalam)]] – [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] and Ranjith (producers)
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Malayalam|Best Actress (Malayalam)]] – Navya Nair

;[[Asianet Film Awards]]
*[[Asianet Film Award#Best Film|Best Film]] – Ranjith (director)
*[[Asianet Film Award#Best Actress|Best Actress]] – Navya Nair

==Sequel series==
A sequel to the film, a mythological series under same title was aired on [[Flowers TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/film-nandanam-set-for-a-television-adaptation/articleshow/77329608.cms|title=Film Nandanam set for a television adaptation|website=The Times Of India |date=3 August 2020 }}</ref> It tells about childhood stories of Balamani. It also features the characters of the film Manu, Kumbidi and Krishnan Nair but played by different actors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/nandanam-serial-krishnan-exclusive-interview-ashwin-subalal-open-talk-about-his-serial-entry/articleshow/79059278.cms|title=ഈ കൃഷ്ണൻ മലയാളിയല്ല:മിനി സ്ക്രീനിൻ്റെ സ്വന്തം കൃഷ്ണനാകാൻ എത്തിയതെങ്ങനെ; അശ്വിൻ സുബലാൽ പറയുന്നു|website=Samayam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/photo-gallery/bigg-boss-fame-naveen-arakkal-act-as-gandharvan-in-nandanam-serial-photos-goes-viral-on-social-media-96331|title=Naveen Arakkal: 'ഇനി ഞാൻ ഗന്ധർവ്വൻ'! പുത്തൻ മേക്കോവറിൽ നവീൻ അറക്കൽ, ഞെട്ടിത്തരിച്ച് ആരാധകരും|website=Zee News}}</ref> It was originally intended to air on [[Surya TV]] as ''Yadhu Nandanam'', but was shifted to [[Flowers TV]] due to some technical difficulties. It aired from 4 August 2020 to 29 September 2022 for 534 episodes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serial Nandhanam Flowers TV Launching on Monday, 3rd August at 7:30 P.M|url=https://www.keralatv.in/serial-nandhanam-flowers/|website=Kerala TV |date=2 August 2020 }}</ref>

==Remakes==
Ranjith worked on a Tamil remake of the film which was shelved after some pre-production complications,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/01/09/stories/2010010953950800.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629034949/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/01/09/stories/2010010953950800.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-06-29|title=Sitting Pretty|author=Prema Manmadhan|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2010-01-09}}</ref> and the movie was remade as ''[[Seedan]]'' by [[Subramaniam Siva|Subramaniya Siva]], which also marked the film debut of Malayalam actor [[Unni Mukundan]]. It was also remade in Telugu as ''[[Maa Bapu Bommaku Pellanta]]'' by [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]].

==Legacy==
[[Aravind Akash]] reappeared in the 2024 Malayalam film ''[[Guruvayoor Ambalanadayil]]'' reprising the role of Unnikrishnan, which he had done in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unnikrishnan back to Malayalam cinema after 22 years |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/aravind-akash-aka-krishnan-of-nandanam-is-back-in-guruvayoor-ambalanadayil-mm-646328.html |website=News 18|date=26 December 2023 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0357946|Nandanam}}

{{Ranjith (director)}}
{{Ranjith}}
{{Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam}}
[[Category:2002 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2002 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raveendran]]
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ranjith (director)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Kalasangham Films]]

Goal (2007 Malayalam film)

2026-03-03T21:33:29Z

Advsunilnshah: added article per standard format per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Goal
| image = Goal VCD cover.webp
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]
| producer =
| screenplay = [[Kalavoor Ravikumar]]
| starring = [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] [[Rejith Menon]] [[Aksha Pardasany]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[P. Sukumar]]
| editing = K. Rajagopal
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|05|25}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Goal''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Sports film#Sports drama|sports drama]] [[romance film]] directed by [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]. The film stars [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Rejith Menon]], [[Aksha Pardasany]] and [[Muktha Elsa George|Mukta George]]. The film was a box office success.

==Cast==
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Vijay Das (Voice-over by [[Shobi Thilakan]])
* [[Rejith Menon]] as Sam Issac
* [[Aksha Pardasany]] as Neethu
* [[Muktha (actress)|Muktha George]] as Mariya Varghese
* [[Mukesh (Malayalam actor)|Mukesh]] as Isaac, Sam's Dad
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Kuriakose
* [[Jagadeesh]] as Sreekumar
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Varghese
* [[Captain Raju]] as Prof.Peter Paul
* [[Mridula Warrier]] as School Student (Song Appearance)
* [[Job Kurian]] as School Student (Song Appearance)
* Niyas Backer as Selvan
* [[Ambika Mohan]]
* Poornima Anand as Theresa
* Bindu Murali as Mary
* Viplove Patel as Felix Joseph
* Sangeeth
* Shiva raichandani as Rahul (Rohan's Step Brother)
* [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Sam's Mother (PhotoPresence)
* [[Dolly Bindra]] as teacher

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Goal
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover = Goal (2007 Malayalam film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Album Cover for ''Goal''
| released = 10 May 2007
| recorded = [[Varshaa Vallaki Studios]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = [[Satyam Audios]]
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]
| prev_year = 2007
| next_title = [[Rock & Roll (film)|Rock 'N' Roll]]
| next_year = 2007
}}
The soundtracks for the film is composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] while the lyrics are written by [[Gireesh Puthenchery]] and [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]].

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Dona Maradona
| length1 =
| extra1 = George Peter
| title2 = Oh Mariya
| length2 =
| extra2 = [[Job Kurian]], Sangeeth S, Ajay, Nitheesh and [[Mridula Warrier]]
| title3 = Goal
| length3 =
| extra3 = George Peter
| title4 = Enthaaninnennodonnum
| length4 =
| extra4 = Devanand, [[Swetha Mohan]]
| title5 = Theme Music
| length5 =
| extra5 = Instrumental
| title6 = Manam Thelinja
| length6 =
| extra6 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| title11 =
| length11 =
| title12 =
| length12 =
| title13 =
| length13 =
| title14 =
| length14 =
| title15 =
| length15 =
| title16 =
| length16 =
| title17 =
| length17 =
| title18 =
| length18 =
| title19 =
| length19 =
| title20 =
| length20 =
| total_length =
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "To sum up, Kamal's effort to score this ''Goal'' misses the post by a few yards".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ssgoal/20070514.htm|title=''Goal'' misses the post|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0973808|Goal}}

{{Kamal (director)}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2007 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian association football films]]
[[Category:2000s sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kamal (director)]]
[[Category:Indian sports drama films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Diego Maradona]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}
{{2000s-romantic-comedy-drama-film-stub}}

Phuleshwari

2026-02-27T09:51:40Z

Advsunilnshah: fix

{{Short description|Consort of Ahom King Siva Singha}}

{{more sources needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Bar Raja Phuleshwari
| image =
| caption = Bell metal fire arm of Bor Raja Pramtheswari
| reign = 1722-1731
| predecessor = Position established
| successor = Bar Raja Ambika
| spouse = [[Siva Singha]]
| full name = Sri Sri Swarganarayani Prasiddha Brihadratta Pramatheswari
| birth_place = [[Ahom Kingdom]]
| death_date = 1731
| death_place = [[Ahom Kingdom]]
}}

'''Phuleswari''', also known as '''Pramateswari Devi''', was the chief consort of an Ahom king [[Sutanphaa|Siva Singha]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Soumen |title=Folklore identity development: in the context of North-east India |publisher=Anjali Publishers |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-89620-68-4 |location=Kolkata |pages=121 |language=English}}</ref> of [[Ahom kingdom]] of what is now [[Assam]] who ruled the kingdom from 1722 to 1731 A.D.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=University of Kerala |last2=Department of History |last3=University of Allahabad |last4=Department of Modern Indian History |last5=University of Travancore |last6=University of Kerala |date=1921 |title=Journal of Indian history. |journal=Journal of Indian History. |language=English |volume=61 |issn=0022-1775 |via=WorldCat}}</ref> She was the first queen of Ahom kingdom to govern the kingdom directly. She was originally a dancer in a religious temple dedicated to the Hindu God [[Shiva]]. When the king saw her, he was captivated by her beauty and decided to marry her and made her his chief consort.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Buranji |first1=Tungkhungia |title=Tungkhungia Buranji: or, A history of Assam, 1681-1826 A.D. An old Assamese chronicle ... With marginalia, genealogical tables, bibliography, glossary, and index |last2=Bhuyan |first2=S. K |year=1933 |location=London |pages=XXI |language=English}}</ref> Phuleswari after having assumed the title of Bor Raja, coins were minted on her, alongside her husband.

==Bar raja==
=== Birth ===
'''Phuleshwari''' earlier known as Phulmati, and was born in the Kalugaon Gayan Gaon in [[Sivasagar district]]. Phuleshwari original name was Phulmati. She was born in the [[Nat (caste)|Nat caste]], a caste of dancers. {{Source?|date=December 2024}}

=== Reign ===

Captivated by her beauty the king married her and made her the chief consort and name. She was made the Bor Raja by [[Siva Singha]] after having declared chatra-bhanga-yoga which means the end of his reign by astrologers, in other to avert this he made Phuleswari the chief regent and gave the title of Bor Raja (Great king), and gave the name of Pramateswari, a name of Goddness Durga. Phuleshwari actually took the reins of government to her hands and meddled too much on the matter of region and customs,<ref>{{cite book |title=P. Gogoi |pages=510}}</ref> Phuleshwari was more under the influence of the Brahmanas, particularly the Parvatiya Gosain, she attempted to make Saktism the state religion. To execute her plan, she summoned the Shudra Mahantas to the Durga Puja held in Sakta shrine and compelled them to bow their heads before the gooddness, have their forehead besmeared with the blood of sacrificed animal and made them accept nirmali and prasad.<ref>{{cite book |title=ABHB |pages=71}}</ref> The Mahantas considered it as a grave insult not to be forgiven, he decided to take vengeance at an opportune moment, which later caused a key factor for the [[Moamoria rebellion]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah |pages=295}}</ref>
And in her consuming zeal of a neophyte for Sakti Hinduism, she declared Shaktism as the state's official religion.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Nationality, ethnicity, and cultural identity in north-east India |publisher=Omsons Publications |year=1990 |isbn=978-81-7117-072-2 |editor-last=Pakem |editor-first=B |location=New Delhi |pages=182 |language=English}}</ref>

=== Death ===
Queen Phuleswari remained in the position of Bar Raja from 1722 till her death in the year 1731.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das Gupta |first=Rajatananda |title=Art of mediaeval Assam |date=1982 |publisher=Cosmo |location=New Delhi |pages=66 |language=English}}</ref> She was given a [[Maidam]] against her own will by [[Siva Singha]] according to Ahom rites.

=== Civil works ===
Phuleshwari was a great patron of Sanskrit, had started a Sanskrit school within the campus and art and culture. She made her younger brother Harinath first Borgohain and then Borpatra Gohain, and posted many of her relative into high offices. Her brother Hairnath Borpatragohain had excavated the Lakshmi Sagar, and constructed temples on its bank. Her uncle Joyananda was made the Dhekial Barua, and three other of her relatives are made the Khanikar Barua, Chaudang Barua and Devi Ghar barua.
* Phuleshwari had excavated the Gaurisagar tank, and had constructed three temples dedicated to Shiva, Devi and, Vishnu.<ref>{{cite book |title=Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah |pages=295}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Citations===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation |last=Gait |first=Sir Edward |title=A History of Assam |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co, Calcutta |year=1906 |isbn=978-0404168193}}
* {{Citation |last=Baruah |first=S.L. |title=AHOM POLICY TOWARDS THE NEIGHBOURING HILL TRIBES. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher=Indian History Congress |year=1977 |jstor=44139078 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44139078}}
* {{Citation |last=Sarma |first=D.K |title=RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF THE AHOM RULERS IN THE CROSSROAD OF MAKING A UNIFIED SOCIETY. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher=Indian History Congress |year=2010 |jstor=44147491 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44147491}}
* {{Citation |last=Baruah |first=S.L |title=Sectional President's Address: STATE, PATRIARCHY AND WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL ASSAM. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |publisher=Indian History Congress |year=2005 |jstor=44145845 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44145845}}

{{refend}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1731 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Ahom kingdom]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century women monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century monarchs in Asia]]

Frank Clinger Scallan

2026-02-26T16:10:29Z

Advsunilnshah: details

'''Frank Clinger Scallan''' (1870 – November 1950) was an Anglo-Indian artist and writer who lived in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. He wrote several works looking at Indian history and was a member of the [[Calcutta Historical Society]].

Scallan was born in Calcutta and was educated at the [[Calcutta Boys' School]]. He worked at the [[Survey of India]] office. After his retirement he travelled through Europe and studied art at the [[Académie Julian]] in Paris under [[Jean-Paul Laurens]] (1838–1921). His art works were widely distributed as post cards and he exhibited at the [[Royal Scottish Academy]] and received a silver medal at the Calcutta Fine Art Exhibition (1924). His sketches included mainly Indian scenery but he also drew pictures of Venice and Italy.<ref>{{cite book|pages=68-69|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.111609/page/n83/mode/2up|title=Britains Betrayal in India. The story of the Anglo-Indian Community|author=Anthony, Frank |publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1969}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The story of the elusive man who made these fascinating pastel postcards of Calcutta| url=https://scroll.in/magazine/829156/the-story-of-the-elusive-man-who-made-these-fascinating-pastel-postcards-of-calcutta| author=Mukherjee, Sujaan|date=2 March 2017| publisher=Scroll }}</ref> He also helped work out the itinerary of the artists Thomas and William Daniell.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Daniells in India. Appendix. A suggested itinerary of the Daniells in Bengal and upper India, 1788-1790|pages=1-70 |url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48159/page/n65/mode/1up | journal=Bengal. Past and Present|volume=25|author=Cotton, H. E. A.}}</ref> The design of the logo of the [[Astronomical Society of India]] was made by Scallan.<ref>{{cite journal |year=1911 |title=The common Seal |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.176893/page/102/mode/1up |journal=Journal of the Astronomical Society of India |volume=1 |page=102}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:The Pagoda from the Promenade (Eden Gardens) - Calcutta.jpg|Eden Gardens, Calcutta
File:Jain Temple -Calcutta.jpg|Jain Temple, Calcutta
File:A_rain-gambling_house_in_Calcutta,_from_The_Graphic,_1896.jpg|Rain-gambling in Calcutta
File:A Monsoon Sunset - Calcutta.jpg|Calcutta postcard
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scallan, Frank Clinger}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:British artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]

Belarahi

2026-02-17T02:35:24Z

Advsunilnshah:

{{Short description|Village in Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Belarahi
| official_name = Belarahi
| native_name = बेलारही
| native_name_lang = mai
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Bihar
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila region]]
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = Madhubani
| subdivision_type4 = Sub division
| subdivision_name4 = Jhanjharpur Nagar Parishad
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official language
| demographics_type2 = Additional language
| demographics2_title1 = Mother language
| demographics2_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN code]]
| postal_code = 847404
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
}}
'''Belarahi''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: बेलारही) is a historical village in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of Bihar. It is located in the territory of the [[Jhanjharpur|Jhanjharpur Nagar Parishad]] in the [[Madhubani district]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V_NRAQAAMAAJ |title=The Gazette of India |date=1970 |publisher=Authority |language=en}}</ref> A notable temple in the village is [[Dhaneshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]. Another but one of the oldest [[Ram Janki Mandir]] situated at the heart of village. originally build by Janki Ram Das, 200 year before, which is re-build by young villagers lead by Sulok Kumar, Gunjan, Pintu, Amit, Sumant, Avinash in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=पौराणिक मंदिर का होगा सौंदर्यीकरण |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-rapid-development-of-tourism-infrastructure-in-jhajharpur-minister-s-hometown-201738343133878.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=बेलारही गांव में पर्यटकीय संभावना तलाशने पहुंची पर्यटन विभाग की टीम |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/madhubani/tourism-department-team-reached-belarahi-village |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Villages in Madhubani district]]

{{Madhubani-geo-stub}}

Zee Media Corporation

2026-02-12T17:31:50Z

Advsunilnshah: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Indian news broadcasting company, headquartered in Mumbai}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Zee Media Corporation Limited
| former_names = Zee News Limited (1999–2013)
| logo = Zee Media 2025.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|532794}} {{NSE|ZEEMEDIA}}
| ISIN = INE966H01019
| industry = [[Mass Media]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1999|08|27}}
| hq_location = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| num_locations_year = 
| area_served = 
| key_people = Jawahar Goel ([[editor-in-chief]])
| brands = {{Bulleted_list|[[Zee News]]|[[Daily News and Analysis]]|[[Grazia India]]|TopGear India}}
| revenue = {{INRConvert|640|c}}<ref name="fy01">{{cite web |title=Zee Media Share Price, Zee Media Stock Price, Zee Media Corporation Ltd. Stock Price, Share Price, Live BSE/NSE, Zee Media Corporation Ltd. Bids Offers. Buy/Sell Zee Media Corporation Ltd. news & tips, & F&O Quotes, NSE/BSE Forecast News and Live Quotes |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/mediaentertainment/zeemediacorporation/ZN |website=moneycontrol.com |access-date=25 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2020
| net_income = {{INRConvert|-273|c}}<ref name="fy01"/>
| net_income_year = 2020
| aum = 
| num_employees = 1,719<ref name="fy01"/>
| num_employees_year = 2020
| owner = [[Essel Group]]
| website = {{URL|zeemedia.in}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/slowdown-blues-zee-media-profit-drop-73pc-to-rs-13-cr-in-fy19-operating-revenue-up-19pc/story/346605.html|title=Slowdown Blues: Zee Media profit drops 73% to Rs 13.17 crore in FY19|website=businesstoday.in|date=14 May 2019 }}</ref>
}}

'''Zee Media Corporation Limited''' (abbreviated as '''ZMCL'''; formerly '''Zee News Limited''') is an Indian [[mass media]] and [[news broadcasting]] company based in [[Mumbai]]. The company is engaged mainly in the business of broadcasting news and current affairs, and regional entertainment up-linked from India via satellite television channels.

== History ==
Zee Media Corporation Limited (formerly Zee News Ltd.) was founded by Essel Group and it was incorporated on 27 August 1999, as Zee Sports Ltd. It was a subsidiary of Zee Telefilms Ltd (later renamed Zee Entertainment Enterprises). The company was [[Certificate of incorporation|reincorporated]] on 27 May 2004, as Zee News Ltd.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Zee Media Corporation Ltd.|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/zee-media-27705/information/company-history|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> It was demerged as a separate company of the Essel Group in 2006.<ref name=":42">{{Cite news |date=2006-12-14 |title=Zee Telefilms demerges into 3 firms |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/zee-telefilms-demerges-into-3-firms-106121401118_1.html}}</ref> In 2013,<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Zee Media Corporation History {{!}} Zee Media Corporation Information|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/zee-media-corporation-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-18879.cms|access-date=2020-02-25|website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Zee News Ltd. changed its name to Zee Media Corporation Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Media Corporation History {{!}} Zee Media Corporation Information|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/zee-media-corporation-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-18879.cms|access-date=25 February 2020|website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-20 |title=Zee Music Company and Boss Studio releases romantic song "Dekha Pheli Dafa" |url=https://theblunttimes.in/zee-music-company-and-boss-studio-releases-romantic-song-dekha-pheli-dafa/39490/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=The Blunt Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

It was involved in a joint venture with the [[Dainik Bhaskar]] Group for the publication of the Daily News & Analysis newspaper but the paper was discontinued in 2019 after suffering losses.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dutta|first=Amrita Nayak|date=2019-10-11|title=DNA goes out of print 14 years after launch — rise & sudden fall of a promising newspaper|url=https://theprint.in/india/dna-goes-out-of-print-14-years-after-launch-rise-fall-promising-newspaper/304050/|access-date=2020-02-25|website=[[ThePrint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The corporation also runs the Zee Institute of Media Arts (ZIMA)<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Zee Media Corporation|url=http://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/zee-media-corporation/|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters without Borders]]}}</ref> which is owned by Zee Learn.

== Channels ==
Zee Media Corporation Limited (ZMCL) operates 14 television news channels, 5 digital news channels, 7 news apps and 32 digital properties.

===Current channels===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle;"
!Channels<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-18 |title=Zee Entertainment rebrands as 'Z' - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/zee-entertainment-rebrands-as-z-143533.html |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>
!Launched
!Language
!Category
!SD/HD Availability
!Notes
|-
| [[Zee News]]
| 1999
| rowspan="9" | [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| rowspan="16" | [[News]]
| SD+HD
| Launched as ''EL TV'' in 1993, it was rebranded as a television news program on Zee TV and in 1995, as a separate news channel.
|-
| Zee Business
| 2002
| rowspan="15" | SD
| Initially launched as a television business news program on Zee News, it was launched as a separate business news channel in 2005.
|-
| [[Zee Bharat]]
| 2023
| Launched as ''Zee News Uttar Pradesh/Uttarakhand'' in 2007 and rebranded as ''Zee Sangam'' in 2014, in 2016 as ''India 24×7'', and in 2017 as ''Zee Hindustan''.
|-
| Zee Rajasthan
| 2013
| Launched as ''Zee Rajasthan Plus Marudhara'' in 2013 and rebranded as ''Zee Marudhara'' in 2014 and 2016 as ''Zee Rajasthan News''.
|-
| Zee Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh
| 2008
| Launched as ''Zee 24 Ghante Chhattisgarh'' in 2008 and as ''Zee 24 Ghante Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh'' in 2013.
|-
| Zee Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand
| 2007
| Launched as ''Zee News Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh'' (2007-2013) and ''Zee Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand'' (2013-2014) rebranded as ''Zee Sangam'' in 2014 and 2016 as ''India 24×7''. The channel was relaunched in 2017.
|-
| Zee Punjab Haryana Himachal
| 1999
| Launched in 1999 as ''Alpha TV Punjabi'', it was rebranded in 2005 as ''Zee Punjabi''. Again rebranded as ''Zee Punjab Haryana Himachal'' in 2013.
|-
| Zee Bihar Jharkhand
| 2009
| ''Maurya TV'' was rebranded as ''Zee Purvaiya'' in 2014, after being acquired. In May 2017, it was again rebranded as ''Zee Bihar Jharkhand''.
|-
| Zee Delhi NCR Haryana
| 2022
|
|-
| Zee J&K Ladakh
| 2025
| rowspan="2" | [[Urdu]]
| On April, 2025, channel has been launched as ''Kesar TV J&K Ladakh'', later rebranded as ''Zee J&K Ladakh''.
|-
| Salaam TV
| 2010
| Originally launched on 2010 as ''Zee Salaam'', later rebranded as ''Salaam TV'' in December, 2024.
|-
| [[WION]]
| 2016
| [[English language|English]]
|
|-
| Zee 24 Ghanta
| 2006
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| Launched as ''24 Ghanta'' in 2006 and rebranded as ''Zee 24 Ghanta'' in 2017.
|-
| Zee 24 Taas
| 1999
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| Launched as a programme in the name of Alpha TV Batmya on Alpha TV Marathi from 1999 to 2005. Renamed as Zee News Marathi and in 2007 as a separate news channel, known as ''Zee 24 Taas''.
|-
| Zee 24 Kalak
| 1999
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| Launched as a programme in the name of Alpha TV Samachar from 1999 to 2005 on Alpha TV Gujarati. Renamed as Zee Gujarati Samachar in 2005 and launched as a separate news channel in January 2017.
|-
| Zee Kannada News<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Media launches linear channel - 'Zee Kannada News' |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2023/04/zeemedialauncheslinear-channel-zeekannadanews- |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | 2023
| [[Kannada]]
| Launched as a Digital channel in 2022 and as a TV channel in April 2023.
|-
| Zee Telugu News
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|}

===Former/Defunct channels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:middle;"
!Channels
!Launched
!Defunct
!Language
!Category
!SD/HD availability
!Notes
|-
| [[Zee News|Zee 24 Gantalu]]
| 2008
| 2015
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| rowspan="3" | News
| rowspan="3" | SD
|
|-
| [[Zee News|Zee Odisha]]
| 2014
| 2022
| [[Odia language|Odia]]
| Launched as ''Zee Kalinga'' in 2014 and as ''Zee Kalinga News''. Rebranded as ''Zee Odisha'' in 2018. Rebranded as ''Zee Odisha News'' in 2022". Digitally available now.
|-
| Zee Salaam
| 2010
| 2024
| [[Urdu]]
| Replaced by ''Zee J&K Ladakh''
|}

===Online===
Zee News operates the Daily News & Analysis and Zee News websites to provide online coverage of the channel. The ZEE5 website which is owned by the [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] is used to platform coverage of other ZMCL channels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Media Corporation Limited|url=http://www.esselgroup.com/zee-media-corporation-limited.html|access-date=25 February 2020|website=Essel Group}}</ref> The World is One News (WION) channel operates its website.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2015|title=Zee Group To Launch English News Channel, Hires Rohit Gandhi As Editor-In-Chief|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/08/18/zee-english-news-channel_n_8002024.html|access-date=25 February 2020|website=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref> The ZMCL also owns the India.com news website.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2019|title=Cautious road ahead for Zee Entertainment|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/cautious-road-ahead-for-zee-entertainment/1787546/|access-date=25 February 2020|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref>

* '''Daily News & Analysis Website:''' English-language online news coverage service. It is branded under the DNA program of Zee News.<ref>{{cite web|title=Latest News Headlines, Breaking News & Live Updates on Politics, Business, Sports, Bollywood at Daily News & Analysis|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/about|access-date=7 December 2020|website=DNA India}}</ref>

===Newspaper===
{{main|Daily News and Analysis}}
The ''Daily News & Analysis'' was an English-language [[broadsheet]] newspaper owned by the Zee Media Corporation Limited. It was launched on 30 July 2005 and branded under the Daily News & Analysis (DNA) program of Zee News. It was primarily circulated in [[Mumbai]] and discontinued on 9 October 2019 citing recurring losses.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=25 February 2020|date=11 October 2019|title=DNA goes out of print 14 years after launch – rise & sudden fall of a promising newspaper|url=https://theprint.in/india/dna-goes-out-of-print-14-years-after-launch-rise-fall-promising-newspaper/304050/|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 June 2006|title=DNA commissions E&Y to certify circulation|url=http://www.chronosphere.biz/IMO/26/imo.html#dna|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219110303/http://www.chronosphere.biz/IMO/26/imo.html#dna|archive-date=19 December 2007|work=Indian Media Observer (issue #26)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=7 December 2020|title=Mumbai Mirror Shutting Down and the Screwed Up Business Model of India Media|url=https://vivekkaul.com/2020/12/07/mumbai-mirror-shutting-down-and-the-screwed-up-business-model-of-india-media/|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref>

== Controversies and criticism ==
=== Jindal Group extortion incident ===
The channel was tried for allegedly extorting ₹1  billion from the Jindal Group revealed through a sting operation.<ref name="The Hindu2">{{cite news|last=Jebaraj|first=Priscilla|date=28 July 2016|title=Jindal plays CD, claims Zee editors demanded Rs. 100 crore|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jindal-plays-cd-claims-zee-editors-demanded-rs-100-crore/article4031340.ece|access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> Two senior journalists [[Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)|Sudhir Chaudhary]] and Sameer Ahluwalia were arrested.<ref name="NDTV India2">{{cite news|title=Naveen Jindal vs Zee: Senior journalists arrested over alleged extortion|publisher=NDTV India|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/naveen-jindal-vs-zee-senior-journalists-arrested-over-alleged-extortion-298095|access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Two Zee editors arrested for 'Rs 100-crore extortion bid' – Times of India|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-Zee-editors-arrested-for-Rs-100-crore-extortion-bid/articleshow/17391903.cms|access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Australian2">{{cite news|title=Jindal Group and Zee television in extortion scandal|publisher=The Australian|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/jindal-group-and-zee-television-in-extortion-scandal/story-e6frg6so-1226527713986?nk=e835e32ddf2956600de185626015a1b1|access-date=4 December 2014}}</ref> The two were sent to a 14-day judicial custody in [[Tihar jail]] and were ultimately released on bail.<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 November 2012|title=Zee editors in two-week custody|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20555718|access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 December 2012|title=Zee News editors sent to Tihar jail|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/zee-news-editors-sent-to-tihar-jail/story-YhQqQk8V9HgADnCLtt5K0H.html|access-date=8 September 2019|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Naveen Jindal]] had accused the two journalists of trying to extort {{INRConvert|1,000,000,000||lk=on|year=2011}} in advertisements for Zee News from him through blackmail by threatening to air stories against his company in the [[Coalgate scam]]. Zee News denied the charges and made counterclaims of Jindal offering them {{INRConvert|200000000||lk=on|year=2011}} to halt their investigations against [[Jindal Steel]]'s involvement in the scam but filed no charges.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2012|title=Naveen Jindal accuses Zee News of extortion, channel hits back – The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Naveen-Jindal-accuses-Zee-News-of-extortion-channel-hits-back/articleshow/16956098.cms|access-date=3 November 2012|publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> In July 2018, the Jindal Group withdrew the case against Zee News and both parties to the litigation stated that an out of court settlement had been reached which remains undisclosed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2018|title=ED charges against Naveen Jindal, others as his firm settles case of extortion with Zee|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ed-charges-against-jindal-others-as-his-firm-settles-case-of-extortion-with-zee/|access-date=12 February 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Cases of fabrication ===

==== Jawaharlal Nehru University sedition controversy ====
{{main|2016 JNU sedition controversy}}
''Zee News'' reported that students from the Democratic Students' Union (DSU) raised "anti-India" slogans such as ''Bharat ki barbadi'' (The destruction of India) and ''Pakistan Zindabad'' (Long live Pakistan) at an event in the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] campus.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 February 2016|title=From 'Pakistan Zindabad' to 'Bharat ki barbaadi' – Slogans that were raised by 'anti-nationals' in JNU|newspaper=Zee News|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/from-pakistan-zindabad-to-bharat-ki-barbaadi-slogans-that-were-raised-by-anti-nationals-in-jnu_1855562.html}}</ref> In a letter, Vishwa Deepak, a journalist working at the channel, stated that "our biases made us hear ''Bhartiya Court Zindabad'' (Long live the Indian courts) as ''Pakistan Zindabad.'' Vishwa Deepak later resigned from the channel after expressing reservations over its "biased coverage". The footage on the newscast of Zee News had formed the basis of charges filed by the [[Delhi Police]].<ref name="TIE-quit2">{{cite news|date=22 February 2016|title=Zee News producer quits: Video we shot had no Pakistan Zindabad slogan|newspaper=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/zee-news-producer-quits-video-we-shot-had-no-pakistan-zindabad-slogan/}}</ref> Sudhir Chaudhary, the editor and prime time anchor of the channel, however on a telecast, made a statement saying "our channel only showed what was happening there, whatever we have shown is 100% authentic."<ref name="newslaundry-VD2">{{cite web|date=21 February 2016|title=We speak with the Zee News journalist who resigned over the channel's coverage of #JNURow|url=http://www.newslaundry.com/2016/02/21/we-speak-with-the-zee-news-journalist-who-resigned-over-the-channels-coverage-of-junrow/|newspaper=Newslaundry}}</ref> A forensic report of the [[Delhi Police]] however later stated that the footage was doctored.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=19 February 2016|title=Forensic experts say Kanhaiya video was doctored|language=en|newspaper=India Today|agency=|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/delhi/story/forensic-experts-say-kanhaiya-video-was-doctored-309626-2016-02-19|access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref>

==== GPS Chips in ₹2000 currency notes ====
Anchor Sudhir Chaudhary ran a Daily News and Analysis program announcing that the [[Indian 2000-rupee note]] issued after the [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]] by the government have GPS chips which will allow it to track currency, thereby reducing corruption.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|date=9 November 2016|title=No, the RBI hasn't announced a Rs 2,000 note with a 'nano GPS chip' that it can track|url=http://scroll.in/article/821078/no-the-new-rs-2000-note-will-not-have-a-nano-gps-chip-that-can-track-it-anywhere|access-date=24 February 2020|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]], [[Arun Jaitley]] dismissed the report as being rumours.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nano Chip in Rs 2,000 Notes? Arun Jaitley Dismisses Rumours|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/nano-chip-in-rs-2-000-notes-arun-jaitley-dismisses-rumours-1623483|access-date=24 February 2020|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The [[Reserve Bank of India]] has also stated that no such chips are present in the currency notes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghavan|first=TCA Sharad|date=9 November 2016|title=No electronic chip in Rs. 2000 notes: RBI|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/No-electronic-chip-in-Rs.-2000-notes-RBI/article16440933.ece|access-date=24 February 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The presence of "nano-GPS" in the currency notes has been classified as a [[hoax]] being spread on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=No, New Rs. 2000 Note Will Not Have a 'Nano GPS Chip'|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/social-networking/news/2000-note-nano-gps-chip-rumours-1623133|access-date=9 April 2020|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|date=9 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last3=Ist|first3=2016 10:06|date=10 November 2016|title=No, Rs 2000 note doesn't have nano GPS for tracking but it may have RFID|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/features/story/no-rs-2000-note-wont-have-nano-gps-for-tracking-but-it-may-have-rfid-351039-2016-11-10|access-date=9 April 2020|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref>

==== Navjot Singh Sidhu – Alwar controversy ====
Zee News telecasted a video with the claim that the slogans of ''Pakistan Zindabad'' were raised at a rally in [[Alwar]] presided over by the [[Indian National Congress]] politician, [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 December 2018|title=Shocking! Pak supporters shout "Pakistan Zindabad" slogan in Navjot Singh Sidhu rally|url=https://zeenews.india.com/video/india/shocking-pak-supporters-shout-pakistan-zindabad-slogan-in-navjot-singh-sidhu-rally-2160544.html|access-date=24 February 2020|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref> Sidhu accused Zee News of playing a doctored video and threatened to file a defamation suit against Zee News.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mehta|first1=Ashish|last2=4 December 2018|title=navjot singh sidhu: Will sue channel for fake news: Navjot Singh Sidhu {{!}} Jaipur News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/to-sue-channel-for-fake-news-sidhu/articleshow/66928000.cms|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Times of India|date=4 December 2018 }}</ref> Sidhu stated that slogans of ''[[Bole So Nihal|Jo Bole So Nihal]]'' were misconstrued as being in favour of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 December 2018|title=Sidhu to file defamation suit against TV channel for airing 'fake' video|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sidhu-to-file-defamation-suit-against-tv-channel-for-airing-fake-video-118120301205_1.html|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> Zee News accused Sidhu of calling a news broadcast to be fake news and sent a defamation notice to him. The notice demanded an apology from him within 24 hours and threatened to pursue legal recourse if an apology was not issued by him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee News sends Rs 1000 crore defamation notice to Navjot Singh Sidhu after he accuses channel of playing fake video|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/zee-news-sends-rs-1000-crore-defamation-notice-to-navjot-singh-sidhu-after-he-accuses-channel-of-playing-fake-video|access-date=24 February 2020|website=[[Free Press Journal]]|language=en}}</ref>

==== Mahua Moitra criminal defamation case ====
Zee News telecasted a show featuring editor-in-chief [[Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)|Sudhir Chaudhary]] where he claimed that the [[Trinamool Congress]] legislator [[Mahua Moitra]] had plagiarised author Martin Longman in her maiden speech after being elected to the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Pooja|date=3 July 2019|title=Zee News falsely claims Mahua Moitra plagiarised her maiden Parliament speech|url=https://www.altnews.in/zee-news-falsely-claims-mahua-moitra-plagiarised-her-maiden-parliament-speech/|access-date=24 February 2020|website=Alt News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Moitra accused the channel of false reporting and submitted a breach of privilege motion against Zee News and Sudhir Chaudhary.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 July 2019|title=Mahua Moitra submits breach of privilege motion against Zee TV, LS speaker disallows it|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/mahua-moitra-submits-breach-of-privilege-motion-against-zee-tv-ls-speaker-disallows-it-119070400464_1.html|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> Martin Longman responded and stated that the legislator did not plagiarise him.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 July 2019|title=Trinamool MP Mahua Moitra didn't plagiarise: US writer of fascism article shuts trolls|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/martin-longman-fascism-article-mahua-moitra-1561305-2019-07-03|access-date=24 February 2020|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, Moitra filed a criminal defamation case against Chaudhary.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Mahua Moitra Files Criminal Defamation Case Against Sudhir Chaudhary|url=https://thewire.in/law/mahua-moitra-criminal-defamation-sudhir-chaudhary|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Wire}}</ref>

=== Coverage of 2020 Delhi election results ===
The [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] was held on 8 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delhi Election 2020: Polling held peacefully, counting of votes on February 11|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/delhi-election-exit-polls-2020-results-live-news/liveblog/74028057.cms|access-date=28 March 2020|website=[[The Economic Times]]|language=en}}</ref> The exit poll results predicted the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] to retain their government in [[National capital territory of Delhi]]. The Zee News telecast of the exit poll results featured Sudhir Chaudhary, who indulged in polemic commentary against the voters of the election.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Fiza|date=10 February 2020|title=EVM tampering in Delhi across channels & Zee's Sudhir Chaudhury angry at voters|url=https://theprint.in/plugged-in/primetime/evm-tampering-in-delhi-across-channels-zees-sudhir-chaudhury-angry-at-voters/362327/|access-date=28 March 2020|website=[[ThePrint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> He stated that the people of Delhi had chosen Pakistan over [[Hindustan]] and that the rule of [[Mughals]] will now return. He further alleged the people of Delhi are lazy and only concerned about "freebies" and that issues like [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Mandir]], [[2019 Balakot airstrike|Balakot airstrike]] and [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|Revocation of Article 370]] do not matter to them which is why they have rejected the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 February 2020|title=वीडियो: एग्जिट पोल में AAP की जीत पर एंकर ने कहा- दिल्ली को देश टूटने की चिंता नहीं|url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/exit-poll-2020-delhi-election-zee-news-tv-anchor-sudhir-chaudhary-after-exit-poll-out-people-not-worried-about-country/1312191/|access-date=28 March 2020|website=[[Jansatta]]|language=hi}}</ref> The telecast resulted in backlash and mockery of Zee News and Sudhir Chaudhary on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 February 2020|title='How does this qualify as journalism?': Twitter mocks Zee News and Sudhir Chaudhary for blaming Delhi voters after exit polls|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/how-does-this-qualify-as-journalism-twitter-mocks-zee-news-and-sudhir-chaudhary-for-blaming-delhi-voters-after-exit-polls|access-date=28 March 2020|website=[[Free Press Journal]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== Ban in Nepal ===
On 9 July 2020, Nepal's satellite and cable television operators banned Zee News and some other Indian privately owned news channels, citing "propaganda and defamatory report against the Nepali government".<ref>{{cite news|title=Cable operators ban Indian news channels in response to 'insulting' video about prime minister|publisher=The Kathmandu Post|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/07/09/cable-operators-ban-indian-news-channels-in-response-to-insulting-video-about-prime-minister|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal bans private Indian channels for airing 'false propaganda'|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/nepal-bans-private-indian-channels-airing-false-propaganda-200710094837428.html|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Alleged interference in Canadian issues ===
Zee Media's and its subsidiary WION were cited in a September 2024 report from [[G7 Rapid Response Mechanism|RRM Canada]] on "Potential Foreign Information Manipulation, and Interference following PM Statement on Killing of [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]]". The report examined content from popular Indian State-aligned media outlets and influencers, including WION, finding that "Modi-aligned outlets amplified several state-supported narratives about Prime Minister Trudeau, "Canada's High Commissioner to India, Canada's national security agencies, Canada's Punjabi Sikh diaspora, and Hardeep Singh Nijjar's political beliefs." The report highlighted the “massive digital footprint” of some of the named media outlets in comparison to Canadian media outlets, estimating Zee Media's total audience is 68 Million people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mago |first=Shivani |date=2024-10-18 |title=Month-old Canadian report flagged posts, news from 'Modi-aligned media' as 'foreign interference' |url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/month-old-canadian-report-flagged-posts-news-from-modi-aligned-media-as-foreign-interference/2317844/ |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Seli |first=Yeshi |date=2024-10-07 |title=Canada's RRM report claims Indian media shaped negative narratives about Trudeau |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2024/Oct/20/canadas-rrm-report-claims-indian-media-shaped-negative-narratives-about-trudeau |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian report highlights Indian media's role in escalating bilateral tensions |url=https://www.newindiaabroad.com/english/diplomacy/canadian-report-highlights-indian-medias-role-in-escalating-bilateral-tensions |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=New India Abroad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2024 |title=Potential Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference following PM Statement on Killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar |url=https://foreigninterferencecommission.ca/fileadmin/foreign_interference_commission/Documents/Exhibits_and_Presentations/Exhibits/CAN025923_0001.pdf |access-date=March 27, 2025 |language=English |type=PDF}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
* [[Zee News]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Essel Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]
[[Category:Television broadcasting companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of India]]
[[Category:Television networks in India]]
[[Category:Television companies of India|Broadcasting]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Essel Group]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:2006 initial public offerings]]

Chic Chocolate

2026-02-09T07:12:18Z

Advsunilnshah: cleanup section and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian composer and musician (1916–1967)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| background = person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Chic Chocolate
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Chic Chocolate.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption = Chic Chocolate playing the trumpet
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Antonio Xavier Vaz
| alias =
| birth_date = 1916
| birth_place =
| origin =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|05||1916|||df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bombay]]
| genre = [[Jazz]]
| occupation =
| instrument = Trumpet
| discography =
| years_active = 
| label =
| current_member_of =
| past_member_of =
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}

'''Antonio Xavier Vaz''' (1916 – May 1967), known professionally as '''Chic Chocolate''', was an Indian [[trumpeter]] who led a [[Jazz]] band at the [[Taj Mahal Palace & Tower|Taj Mahal Hotel]] in [[Bombay]] and was one of Bombay's best known jazz musicians. He was also a [[Hindi film]] [[music composer]] and played trumpet in various soundtracks.

==Early life and influences==
Chic was born Antonio Xavier Vaz in [[Aldona]] in 1916. He learned music at his local parochial school and, despite the wishes of his mother who wanted him to earn a "respectable" living as a mechanic, he followed his dreams of a life playing music.<ref name="goanet">{{cite web|title=Chris & Lorna - Love and Longing in Mumbai's Jazz Age|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@lists.goanet.org/msg24873.html|work=Goanet|publisher=Roland Francis|accessdate=27 June 2012|author=Naresh Fernandes|date=July 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215133149/http://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@lists.goanet.org/msg24873.html|archive-date=15 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Influenced by [[Louis Armstrong]], Chic styled himself after his great jazz hero—Chocolate's trumpet playing and "[[Scat singing|scatting]]" technique were a tribute to Armstrong. His stage presence has been recognized as dramatic, with accounts reporting that the musician would fall on one knee, while raising his instrument to the stars, during the band's [[Crescendo#Gradual changes|crescendo]].<ref name="goanet" /> Chocolate earned the sobriquet, the "Louis Armstrong of India",<ref>{{cite web|author=Shanta Gokhale|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/art-culture/Jazz-like-that/articleshow/11551247.cms |title=Jazz like that|publisher=Time of India|date=2012-01-19 |accessdate=2012-07-08}}</ref> as he not only played jazz like an [[African American]], but also possessed a similarly dark [[complexion]].<ref name="goanet" />

==Career==
By the mid-40s, after had played in [[Rangoon]] and [[Mussourie]], Chic had established himself as a popular [[Bombay]] jazz musician.<ref>{{Cite book|title=American Popular Music in Britain's Raj|last=Shope|first=Bradley|publisher=University of Rochester Press|year=2016|isbn=9781580465489|location=Rochester, NY|pages=13, 83, 144, 163–164}}</ref> He started out with a group called the Spotlights and by 1945 had formed his own outfit, ''Chic and the Music Makers'', beating out 12 other bands to win a contract at Green's Hotel, which was owned by the [[Taj Mahal Palace & Tower|Taj Mahal Hotel]].<ref name="goanet" /> A newspaper article from the time described Chic Chocolate's band as "Bombay's topflight band".<ref name="n fernandes">{{cite web|title=Remembering Anthony Gonsalves|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/543/543%20naresh%20fernandes.htm|work=Seminar|publisher=Seminar Publications, New Delhi|accessdate=27 June 2012|author=NARESH FERNANDES|year=2004}}</ref> Chic Chocolate occasionally led a two-trumpet barrage at the Green's Hotel with [[Chris Perry (musician)|Chris Perry]].<ref name="goanet" />

Like many Goan musicians of the time, Chic Chocolate played jazz live at the night but his days were spent in the film studios, recording and arranging sound tracks for movies.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16740486 BBC audio slideshow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108103251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16740486 |date=8 November 2018 }} about the jazz age in [[Bombay]] and Chic Chocolate</ref> He had a flourishing career as a music composer in [[Bollywood]] movies. In 1951, he began his career as a music director with the movie ''[[Nadaan (1951 film)|Nadaan]]''. ''Nadaan'' had a popular track list, including songs like [[Talat Mahmood]]'s ''Aa Teri Tasvir Bana Lu'' and [[Lata Mangeshkar]]’s ''Sari Duniya Ko Piichhe Chodkar''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chic Chocolate|url=http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/music_director.php?conid=828&Music-Directors/Composers=Chic%20Chocolate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231141852/http://planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/music_director.php?conid=828&Music-Directors/Composers=Chic%20Chocolate|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 December 2009|work=PlanetRadiocity.Com|accessdate=27 June 2012|author=Staff|year=2012}}</ref>

Chic Chocolate was an integral part of composer [[C. Ramchandra]]'s team. Ramachandra is popularly credited with introducing swing into Bollywood with tunes such as ''Gore Gore O Banke Chore'' from ''[[Samadhi (1950 film)|Samadhi]]'' and ''Shola Jo Bhadke'' from ''[[Albela (1951 film)|Albela]]''. However the credit for these songs is due to Chic Chocolate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Arrangers: O Maria! O Maria!|url=http://www.womenonrecord.com/music-makers/media-makers/music-arrangers|work=CMAC Presents Women On Record|publisher=Women On Record|accessdate=27 June 2012|author=Staff|year=2012}}</ref> Their collaboration in the 1952 film ''[[Rangili]]'' included the song ''Koi Dard Hamara Kya Samjhe'', sung by Lata Mangeshkar. He is remembered for his work with Naasir in the 1956 film ''[[Kar Bhala]]'', and he also collaborated with [[Madan Mohan]].

Chic's lives as jazz man and film musician sometimes merged. He had a [[cameo appearance]] in the film ''[[Albela (1951 film)|Albela]]'', along with his band in a song sequence dressing them in frilly Latinesque costumes.<ref>{{YouTube|gmBRR5QH4Do|Chic Chocolate and the Music Makers}} in Deewana Yeh Parwana from [[Albela (1951 film)|Albela]]</ref> Chic capitalised on the film's success by dressing his band in those costumes in future live performances.<ref name="n fernandes" />

==Death==
Chic died in May 1967 in Mumbai, aged 51. Shortly after, [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]]’s ''[[Aakhri Khat]]'' was released. The bluesy song ''Rut Jawan Jawan'' featured several close-ups of Chic Chocolate playing his trumpet solos from the bandstand.<ref>{{YouTube|SPnlHXT6Igk|Chic Chocolate}} in Rut Jawaan Jawaan from [[Aakhri Khat]]</ref> Chic had lived with his wife, Martha and his children in an apartment in [[Colaba]].<ref name="n fernandes" /> He also had an illegitimate son by a girlfriend named Catherine before his marriage to Martha.<ref> {{cite web
|title = Morning you play different, evening you play different
|first= Naresh
|last = Fernandes
|date= 3 January 2015
|url= https://scroll.in/article/698052/morning-you-play-different-evening-you-play-different
|quote = They say Chic performed one of his greatest feats of improvisation offstage. “Chic lived in Marine Lines and had a girlfriend called Catherine, with whom he had a son,” a matter that shocked conservative Catholic sensibilities, one musician recalls. “But then he decided to marry another girl. The wedding was to be the Wodehouse Road Cathederal in Colaba. But Catherine landed up there with her son, so the wedding was shifted hastily to Gloria Church in Byculla”, across town. The befuddled guests waited patiently in the Colaba church, even as Chic said “I do” in the deserted neo-Gothic nave of Gloria church.}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Taj Mahal Foxtrot: The Story of Bombay's Jazz Age, Naresh Fernandes, 2012, {{ISBN|9788174367594}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chocolate, Chic}}
[[Category:Indian jazz musicians]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Indian jazz trumpeters]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:20th-century trumpeters]]
[[Category:Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Indian male jazz musicians]]

Samir Kumar Mahaseth

2026-02-05T04:46:45Z

Advsunilnshah: created a biography initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Samir Kumar Mahaseth''' (born 1958) is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is an MLA from [[Madhubani Assembly constituency]] in [[Madhubani district]]. He won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Madhubani Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Samir Kumar Mahaseth of RJD Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/madhubani-election-result-2020-live-updates-madhubani-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061043.html |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> he is industrial minister that the time of 17 months of mahagathbandan government lead by nitish kumar & Tejshwai yadav

== Early life and education ==
Mahaseth is from [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]], Bihar. He is the son of Raj Kumar Mahaseth, a three time MLA of Janata Party. He completed his M.Com. in 1979 at L. N. M. University, Darbhanga. Earlier, he did B.Com. in 1977, B.com at Ram Krishan College, Madhubani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samir Kumar Mahaseth(RJD):Constituency- MADHUBANI(MADHUBANI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=11034 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mahaseth won from Madhubani Assembly constituency representing Rashtriya Janata Dal in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 71,332 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Suman Kumar Mahaseth of [[Vikassheel Insaan Party]], by a margin of 6,814 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2020-11-10 |title=Madhubani Bihar Election 2020 Final Results LIVE:RJD Candidate SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH wins from Madhubani, Bihar |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/madhubani-bihar-election-2020-results-live-vote-counting-begins-at-8-am-stay-tuned-for-updates-1385711 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Madhubani, Bihar Election Results 2020: Samir Kumar Mahaseth retains Madhubani for RJD {{!}} As it happened |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/elections/bihar-assembly-election/bihar-assembly-elections-2020-madhubani-vidhan-sabha-constituency-results-live-news-latest-updates-rjd-ljp-vip-samir-kumar-mahaseth-arvind-kumar-pandey-10019632 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref> He was first elected from Madhubani in the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-11 |title=Madhubani (Bihar) Election Results 2020 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhubani-bihar-assembly-election-results-2020-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7023080/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samir Kumar, Mahaseth}}

[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Lower Subansiri district

2026-02-02T04:11:34Z

Advsunilnshah: expanded lead after review and fixed typos for clarity

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lower Subansiri district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh|District]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Ziro valley of Aruncahl in summer season.jpg
| image_caption = Paddy fields near [[Ziro]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Ziro
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Ziro]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 83,030<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php |title= District Census 2011 |publisher=Census2011.co.in }}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 76.3%<ref name=districtcensus />
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 975<ref name=districtcensus />
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://lowersubansiri.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Lower Subansiri district''' (Pron:/su:bənˈsɪɹi/) is one of the 25 [[Districts of Arunachal Pradesh|administrative districts]] of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in northeastern [[India]].

==History==

The district was formed when Subansiri district was bifurcated into Upper and Lower Subansiri districts in 1987.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids}}</ref>

In 1999 [[Papum Pare district]] was split to form new district,<ref name="Statoids"/> and this was repeated on 1 April 2001, with the creation of [[Kurung Kumey district]].<ref name="Statoids"/>

In October 2017, the state government approved the creation of [[Kamle district]], involving the carving out of Raga, Dolungmukh and Kumpurijio circles from Lower Subansiri district.<ref>{{cite news|title=Arunachal Assembly approves Kamle as 23rd district of state|url=http://arunachal24.in/arunachal-assembly-approves-kamle-as-23rd-district-of-state/|work=Arunachal24.in|date=18 October 2017}}</ref>

In 2024, the [[Keyi Panyor district]] was formed by carving out 195 villages from Lower Subansiri district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunachal assembly passes bill to create two new districts |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/02/08/ces12-ar-assembly-bill.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
The district headquarters are located at [[Ziro]]. The district occupies an area of 3,460 km2.

It is bounded on the north by the [[Upper Subansiri district]] of Arunachal, on the south by [[Papum Pare District]] of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, on the east by [[West Siang district]] and some part of [[Upper Subansiri]], and on the west by [[East Kameng district]] of Arunachal Pradesh.

==Divisions==
There are 6 administrative circles in this district, namely, Ziro (Sadar), [[Yachuli]], Pistana, [[Raga, Arunachal Pradesh|Raga]], Kamporijo and [[Dollungmukh]]. The district also divided into 3 blocks: Ziro-I, Ziro-II, and Tamen-Raga. {{Citation needed|reason=Kamle district seems to have taken some of these subdivisions|date=April 2024}}

There are 2 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] constituencies located in this district: Yachuli and [[Ziro]]-[[Hapoli]]. Both of these are part of [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm |title=Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website |access-date=21 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813085549/http://ceoarunachal.nic.in/Information/ACwiseDistrictwisePCwise.htm |archive-date=13 August 2011 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Apatani Tribe.jpg|thumb|left|An [[Apatani people|Apatani]] woman in a traditional attire during Muting Festival.]]
{{historical populations|23=1961|24=23,950|25=1971|26=30,823|27=1981|28=35,405|29=1991|30=43,148|31=2001|32=55,726|33=2011|34=83,030|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Lower Subansiri district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 83,030,<ref name=district_census>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Andorra]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =198 Andorra 84,825 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 623rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=district_census/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 24 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=district_census/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 48.65%.<ref name=district_census/> Lower Subansiri has a [[sex ratio]] of 975 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=district_census/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.33%.<ref name=district_census/>

This district is inhabited by [[Apatanis]].

===Languages===

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Lower Subansiri District (2011)<ref name="Census of India">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1200.XLSX |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
| label1 = [[Apatani language|Apatani]]
| value1 = 86.94
| color1 = Darkblue
| label2 = [[Hindi]]
| value2 = 2.68
| color2 = Orange
| label3 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| value3 = 2.42
| color3 = Sienna
| label4 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| value4 = 2.35
| color4 = Peru
| label5 = [[Bengali language|Nyishi]]
| value5 = 2.21
| color5 = Yellow
| label6 = Others
| value6 = 3.40
| color6 = Grey
}}

Languages used in the district is mainly [[Apatani language|Apatani]].<ref name="ethnoapatani">{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Apatani: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=apt | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

==Culture==
Major local festivals of the district are Myoko and [[Dree Festival]].

==Flora and fauna==
In 1995 Lower Subansiri district became home to the [[Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|337|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web
|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment
|title=Protected areas: Arunachal Pradesh
|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm
|access-date=25 September 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm
|archive-date=23 August 2011
}}</ref>

== Development ==
Gyati Takka General Hospital (GTGH) in Lower Subansiri district has become the first hospital in the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] to receive support from [[CHD Group]] in its effort to build robust health system for the North East Region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=author |date=2023-11-10 |title=GTGH receives equipment under Mission ICU {{!}} The Arunachal Times |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/11/10/gtgh-receives-equipment-under-mission-icu/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=Arunachal: GTGH becomes first hospital to receive Mission ICU equipment |url=https://arunachal24.in/arunachal-gtgh-becomes-first-hospital-to-receive-mission-icu-equipment/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://lowersubansiri.nic.in/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Lower Subansiri district
|North = [[Upper Subansiri district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[West Siang district]]
|Southeast =[[Dhemaji district]], Assam
|South = [[Papum Pare district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Kurung Kumey district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}

{{coord|27|48|N|93|36|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lower Subansiri district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]

Guidance Tamil Nadu

2026-01-30T15:10:44Z

Advsunilnshah: Created Some Data More To Come...

{{Paid contributions|date=December 2022}}{{Infobox government agency
| name =
| native_name = தமிழ் நாடு தொழில் வழிகாட்டி நிறுவனம்
| seal =
| seal_width =
| logo =
| logo_width = 300px
| logo_caption = Logo of Guidance Tamil Nadu
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed = {{start date and age|1992|7|15|df=y}}
| preceding1 = Tamil Nadu Industrial Guidance & Export Promotion Bureau
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| headquarters = [[Chennai]]
| employees = 60+
| chief1_name = Arun Roy, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = ({{small|Chairman - Industries Secretary}})
| chief2_name = Dr. Darez Ahamed, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief2_position = ({{small|Managing Director & CEO}})
| chief3_name = Dr. Alarmelmangai, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief3_position = ({{small|Executive Director}})
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| parent_department =
| parent_agency = [[Department of Industries (Tamil Nadu)|Industries, Investment Promotion & Commerce Department]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| keydocument1 =
| website = {{URL|investingintamilnadu.com}}
| map =
| map_width =
| map_caption =
| footnotes =
| embed =
}}

'''Guidance Tamil Nadu''' (formerly Tamil Nadu Industrial Guidance and Export Promotion Bureau<ref>{{Cite web|title=detail_contact {{!}} Tamil Nadu Government Portal|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/detail_contact/5095/5/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.tn.gov.in}}</ref>) is the nodal [[investment promotion agency]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. Established in 1992, it plays a central role in attracting and supporting investments across sectors in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Operating under the Industries, Investment Promotion and Commerce Department, Guidance Tamil Nadu provides end-to-end support to investors and functions under the purview of Minister Dr. [[T. R. B. Rajaa]].

== History ==
Guidance Tamil Nadu was established as a non-profit registered Society with the objective of attracting major investments into the state. It is headquartered in [[Chennai]], comprising a team of over 60 professionals with expertise in business, law, economics, policy, and analytics.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kandavel|first=Sangeetha|date=2020-03-07|title=Tamil Nadu's Guidance Bureau restructured to bring in more investments|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-nadus-guidance-bureau-restructured-to-bring-in-more-investments/article31007565.ece|access-date=2021-09-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Team|url=https://investingintamilnadu.com/ourteam|access-date=2021-09-28|website=investingintamilnadu.com}}</ref>

Guidance, under the aegis of the Industries Department, and in collaboration with other Government departments and agencies, undertook several measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic for industries and carried out several initiatives to restore the confidence of the investors.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Govardan|first1=D.|date=April 27, 2021|first2=Pushpa|last2=Narayan|title=Tamil Nadu govt, industry working to step up oxygen supply|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-govt-industry-working-to-step-up-oxygen-supply/articleshow/82268848.cms|access-date=2021-12-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-24|title=How Tamil Nadu is managing oxygen supply and expanding storage|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-tamil-nadu-managing-oxygen-supply-and-expanding-storage-147764|access-date=2021-12-02|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil Nadu government announces concessions to encourage medical oxygen production|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/may/13/tamil-nadu-government-announces-concessions-to-encourage-medical-oxygen-production-2302156.html|access-date=2021-12-02|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Partnerships ==
Partnering with the [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF), it established India’s first [[google:advanced+manufacturing+hub&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN920IN920&oq=advanced+manufacturing+hub&aqs=chrome..69i57.3718j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|advanced manufacturing hub]] (AMHUB) in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 19 AMHUBs in the world. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-08|title=Guidance partners WEF to open manufacturing hub|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/guidance-partners-wef-to-open-manufacturing-hub/article32798279.ece|access-date=2021-09-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This platform focuses on engaging entire regional production ecosystems to identify and address regional opportunities and challenges brought by the [[Fourth Industrial Revolution]] by amplifying regional success stories, sharing best practices & incubating new partnerships.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Network of Advanced Manufacturing Hubs|url=https://www.weforum.org/projects/global-network-of-advanced-manufacturing-hubs/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref>

It also entered into an agreement with [[Indian School of Business]] (ISB) to work on a broader objective of economic recovery and growth. It is a tripartite partnership where Academia, Government and Industry come together to work on economic development of the State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MoU with Guidance Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.isb.edu/en/news-events/news-grid/isb-to-partner-with-guidance-tamil-nadu-on-economic-recovery-and.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=www.isb.edu|language=en}}</ref>

== Other Key Industrial Promotion Organisations of Government of Tamil Nadu ==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|+
!Sl. No
!Company
!Incorporated
!Headquarters
!Department
!Role
!Type
!Remarks
!Website
|-
|1
|[[State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu|State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu Limited (SIPCOT)]]
|1972
|[[Chennai]]
|Industries
|Large & Medium scale Industries Promotion
|State Govt. Body
|
|[http://www.sipcot.com/ www.sipcot.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123205614/http://www.sipcot.com/ |date=2012-11-23 }}
|-
|2
|[[TIDCO|Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation Limited (TIDCO)]]
|1965
|Chennai
|Industries
|Industrial Infrastructure Services/Finances
|State Govt. Undertaking
|[[NBFC]]
|[http://tidco.tn.gov.in/ tidco.tn.gov.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027181030/http://tidco.tn.gov.in/ |date=2012-10-27 }}
|-
|3
|[[Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation Limited|Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation Limited (SIDCO)]]
|1970
|Chennai
|Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
|Small-scale Industries Promotion
|State Govt. Undertaking
|
|[http://www.sidco.tn.nic.in/ www.sidco.tn.nic.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822025019/http://www.sidco.tn.nic.in/ |date=2012-08-22 }}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:State agencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1992]]
[[Category:Business organisations based in India]]

Kathivanoor Veeran

2026-01-15T18:49:29Z

Advsunilnshah: minor update

{{short description|Hindu god}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam 8.jpg
| caption = Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam
| name = Kathivanoor Veeran
| god_of =
| affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| mantra =
| weapon =
| consort =
| children =
| abode =
| mount =
| spouse = Chemmarathi
| region = [[North Malabar]], [[Kerala]], India
}}
[[File:Kathivanoor veeran korom.jpg|thumb|Kathivanoor Veeran, Korom, Payyannur]]
'''Kathivanoor Veeran''' (also known as the '''Mandhappan Chekavar'''<ref>{{cite book|last=K. k. N Kurup|year=1989|title=Samooham Charithram Samskaram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tqVEAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB|publisher=Poorna Publication |page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=M.V Nambhudhiri|title=Thottampattukal oru Padanam|year=1990|publisher=California books|page=246}}</ref>) is a deity worshiped in [[North Malabar]] region in [[Kerala]], India. The word 'Veeran' in Malayalam means 'Hero' in English. According to the legend, the Kathivanoor Veeran is apotheosis of [[Tiyyar|Thiyya]] warrior Mandappan Chekavar.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/theyyam-season-begins-in-northern-kerala-1.7993544 | title=Reviving tradition Theyyam season begins in northern Kerala | date=27 October 2022 }}</ref> Mandappan's life and his transformation into god are still active in the folklore of [[Kolathunadu]] region, and is practiced as [[theyyam]] in various temples in present-day [[Kannur district|Kannur]] and [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] districts. Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam is one of the most popular Theyyams in North Malabar.<ref name="Hindu">{{cite news |last1=Menon |first1=Anasuya |title=The tale of a much-loved hero |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/the-tragic-tale-of-kathivanoor-veeran/article26396504.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 February 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Women of North Malabar region worship Kathivanoor Veeran to get a healthy husband.

==Legend==
'''Mandappan Chekavar'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/theyyam-season-begins-in-northern-kerala-1.7993544 | title=Reviving tradition Theyyam season begins in northern Kerala| date=27 October 2022|publisher=Mathrubumi}}</ref> (also spelled as Mannappan) who later became the deity Kathivanoor Veeran was born to huge thiyya landlord Kumarappan of Mangad Methaliyillam house and Chaki Amma of Parakayillam house.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |title=ആരാണീ കതിവനൂ‍‍ർ വീരൻ? കതിവനൂർ വീരൻ തെയ്യം വീഡിയോ കാണാം |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kasaragod/history-of-kathivanoor-veeran-theyyam/articleshow/87630467.cms?story=6 |work=Samayam Malayalam |publisher=Times of India |language=ml}}</ref> It is said that Mandappan, a resident of present-day Mangad in [[Kannur district]] was born with the blessings of goddess Chuzali.<ref name="TOI"/> He was skilled in martial arts, and wanted to become a warrior.<ref name="Manorama">{{cite news |title=For ethereal nights, walk with the Theyyams of Kannur |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2018/06/30/theyyams-kannur-kathivanoor-veeran.html |work=Manorama}}</ref> Instead of going to work, he hunted deer and quail in the woods with his friends.<ref name="chayilyam">{{cite web |title=About Kathivanor Veeran theyyam - malabar |url=https://chayilyam.com/kathivanoor-veeran-theyyam/ |website=chayilyam |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=9 February 2022 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209060042/https://chayilyam.com/kathivanoor-veeran-theyyam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although Kumarappan forbids the family from giving rice and milk to his son, who is not working, mother Chaki secretly gave him rice out of love for his son. Kumarappan gets angry when he sees this and he breaks his son Mandappan's bow.<ref name="TOI"/>

[[File:Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam at Mambalam, Kannur.webm|thumb|Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam at Mambalam, Kannur]]

Saddened by this, Mandappan leaves home and joins his friends who are going to Kodagu hills for business. They give him alcohol and leave the place without taking him.<ref name="TOI"/> After waking up from his alcoholism, Mandappan wandered alone and finally reached his uncle's house in Kathivanoor. He starts living there, and over time, he gets half of his uncle's property.<ref name="TOI"/> On the advice of his aunt, he starts an oil business and in the meantime meets and marries Velarkot Chemmarathi.<ref name="TOI"/>

After starting to live in his wife's house, she used to quarrel with Mandappan, who was often late at home. On an unfortunate day, his last, he gets into a quarrel with her and she curses him for being late.<ref name="Manorama"/> When Mandappan heard that an army was coming from [[Kodagu Kingdom|Kodagu]] to attack his village, he took up arms, saluted the deities and went to war.<ref name="chayilyam"/> There was a fierce battle with the soldiers from Kodagu.

Mandappan was won the battle, but on his way back home he realizes that he has lost his pedestal ring and little finger during the battle.<ref name="TOI"/> Although his friends tried to hold him back, telling him never to go to the battlefield alone, he goes back to recover it. The fighters from Kodagu, who were in a state of defeat, deceitfully kill Mandappan on his return.<ref name="TOI"/> Chemmarathi waiting for Mandappan saw the pedestal ring and little finger fall on the banana leaf. Chemmarathi commits suicide by jumping into Mandappan's [[pyre]].<ref name="TOI"/>

When the uncle and son Annukkan return after their funeral, they see Mandappan and Chemmarathi who have become gods.<ref name="TOI"/> Mandappan Chekavar's Theyyam is performed for the first time in the presence of his uncle, who names the theyyam as Kathivanoor Veeran.<ref name="TOI"/> This is the myth behind Kathivanoor Veeran.

==Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam==
[[File:Chemmarathi thara Kathivanoor Veeran.jpg|thumb|Chemmarathi thara]]
Kathivanur Veeran theyyam is characterized by its dynamic movement and flexibility.<ref name="TOI"/> This Theyyam is usually performed at night or in very early morning.<ref name="TOI"/> The specially prepared cell where Kathivanoor Veeran theyyam performs is made of banana and multi-colored dyes and sticks with fire and is known as ''Chemmarathi thara''.<ref name="TOI"/> The concept is that it is his wife Chemmarathi.<ref name="TOI"/> Its sixty-four cells are a reminder that Kathivanur Veeran's body was thrown into sixty-four pieces in the treachery of the Kodakars.<ref name="TOI"/> Theyyam's face art is known as ''Nakam Thazhthi Ezhuthu''.<ref name="TOI"/> There will be beards and mustaches in the face.<ref name="TOI"/>

[[File:Kathivanoor Veeran Thottam Pattu.mp3|thumb|Kathivanoor Veeran Thottam Pattu]]

Many girls of North Malabar region still worship Kathivanoor Veeran to get a healthy husband.<ref name="TOI"/> A Kathivannur Veeran Theyyam performer should be proficient in all subjects.<ref name="Theyyam">{{cite web |title=Kathivanoor Veeran Theyyam- കതിവനൂർ വീരൻ {{!}} Theyyam Kerala |url=https://theyyamkerala.in/kathivanoor-veeran-theyyam-story-malayalam/ |date=8 February 2020}}</ref> Visitors can ask any questions to the theyyam and the theyyam should give the right answer.<ref name="Theyyam"/>

==Works on Kathivanoor Veeran==
Kalady Sankaracharya College Malayalam Professor Lissie Mathew's book, ''Kathivanoor Veeran: Malakayariya Manushyan, Churamirangiya Daivam'' (literally means 'Kathivanoor Veeran:The man who climbed the hill, the god who descended the pass') {{ISBN|9788120042926}}, published by [[Kerala Bhasha Institute]], retraces Mandappan's transformation into the deity Kathivanoor veeran.<ref name="Hindu"/> Book is a textbook at [[Kannur University]], Kalady Sanskrit University and [[Mother Teresa Women's University]], Kodaikanal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Namboodiri |first1=O. K. Narayanan |title=അക്ഷരങ്ങളുടെ കൈപിടിച്ച്‌... |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/kannur/kazhcha/1.3274871 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-09 |access-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209070324/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/kannur/kazhcha/1.3274871 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The children's literature book ''Kathivanoor Veeran'' written by PRD regional deputy director E. V. Sugathan, and published by Kerala Balasahithya Institute was released on 17 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=പോരാട്ടങ്ങളുടെ ചരിത്രം പാഠ്യവിഷയമാകണം-മന്ത്രി എം വി ഗോവിന്ദന്‍ മാസ്റ്റര്‍ |url=https://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/ml/node/144155 |website=www.prd.kerala.gov.in}}</ref>

A film titled ''Kathivanur Veeran'' is being made under the banner of Sree Mookambika Communications, which was started by a group of Gulf Malayalees.<ref name="filmi"/> The film is expected to cost over 50 million Indian rupee is directed by Gireesh Kunnummal.<ref name="filmi"/> Rajmohan Neeleswaram and T Pavithran are writing the script.<ref name="filmi"/>
==In popular culture==
*[[Kaliyattam]] (1997) - The song that starts with ''Kathivannur Veerane'' in the 1997 movie tells the story of Kathivannur Veeran.<ref name="filmi">{{cite web |last1=Nath |first1=Ravi |title=തെയ്യത്തിന്റെ കഥയുമായി കതിവനൂര്‍ വീരന്‍ |url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/news/05-another-film-of-malabar-theyyam-aid0166.html |website=malayalam.filmibeat.com |language=ml |date=5 August 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kadangot Makkam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Veeran, Kathivanoor}}
[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Theyyam]]
[[Category:Kerala folklore]]
[[Category:Hindu folk deities]]

Soumya Vilekar

2026-01-14T04:40:38Z

Advsunilnshah: created a details more to come

{{Short description|Indian author}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Notability|1=Biographies|date=November 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}

'''Soumya Vilekar''' is an Indian author, poet, [[powder metallurgy]] technologist, and film producer. She is best known as the co-founder and former CFO/COO of [[Planet Marathi OTT]], India’s first Marathi-language streaming platform.

==Early life and education==
Vilekar began writing poetry in her teens and later pursued a career in powder metallurgy. She earned a joint Indian patent for developing a Partially alloyed bronze manufacturing process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vilekar |first=Soumya |title=Soumya Vilekar on about.me |url=https://about.me/soumya.vilekar |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=about.me |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==

===Powder metallurgy===
Vilekar founded Involute Metal Powder Technologies, which offered consultancy and technology transfer in the field of powder metallurgy. She was awarded a joint Indian Patent for development and process for manufacturing Partially alloyed bronze powders for powder metallurgical applications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Books – Soumya Vilekar |url=https://soumyavilekar.in/books/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Literature and poetry===
Vilekar has published more than 3,000 poems focusing on spirituality, nature, and human emotions in multi lingual disciplinaries, international anthologies and magazines. Her works include:
* ''Life – Inspiration to Spiritualism''
* ''The Mystic Journey''
* ''Winds of Philia''
* ''Suroor of the Soul'' (co-authored with Shaheen S. Dhanji)

Featured for consecutive 4 years in the POETIC PRISM, a multilingual poetic anthology which got featured in Limca book of records (''Amaravati Poetic Prism'' refers to an international multilingual poetry festival and anthology organized by the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada & Amaravati (CCVA). The event showcases poetry in various languages from around the world. The 2019 edition, for example, featured 1303 poems in 125 languages by over 761 poets from 86 countries. The festival is known for its large-scale multilingual poetry anthologies and has been recognized by the Limca Book of Records.)

===Planet Marathi===
In 2017, Vilekar co founded Planet marathi, a Marathi based film Production Company. She had pivotal role in the company to produce films such as ''AB Aani CD'', ''Goshta Eka Paithanichi'', and ''Chandramukhi'' during 2019-2020. During the covid-19 pandemic, the first Marathi OTT platform was launched which went ahead to gain more than 1 million users in a period of 12 months.

Planet Marathi OTT officially launched during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bureau |first=afaqs! news |title=Soumya Vilekar bids farewell to Planet Marathi OTT after 7 years |url=https://www.afaqs.com/people-spotting/soumya-vilekar-bids-farewell-to-planet-marathi-ott-after-7-years |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.afaqs.com |language=en}}</ref>

She stepped down from the board of directors on 15 January 2024 along with her son Anitya Vilekar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Soumya Vilekar announces her exit from Planet Marathi OTT after 7 years of association |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/brandwagon-soumya-vilekar-announces-her-exit-from-planet-marathi-ott-after-7-years-of-association-3368570/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Legal action==
In February 2025, Vilekar filed a legal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act against Planet Marathi and its founder Akshay Bardapurkar, citing dishonored cheques worth ₹7 crore. Additional claims by investors and vendors totaled over ₹30 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETLegalWorld.com |title=Ex-founder Soumya Vilekar initiates legal action against Planet Marathi and Akshay Bardapurkar |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/litigation/ex-founder-soumya-vilekar-initiates-legal-action-against-planet-marathi-and-akshay-bardapurkar/117983253 |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Film production==
Vilekar has served as a producer or executive producer (producer/co producer) for several Marathi-language films, including:
* ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]]'' (2022)
* ''[[AB Aani CD|Ab aani CD]]'' ''(2020)''
* ''[[Goshta Eka Paithanichi]]'' ''(2022(''
* ''[[Tamasha Live]]'' (2022)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vilekar, Soumya}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sri Kandha Leela

2026-01-10T00:53:02Z

Advsunilnshah: created the details v1

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sri Kanda Leela
| image = Sri_Kantha_Leela_1938_film.jpg
| caption =
| writer = Nanjappa Chettiar
| screenplay =
| producer =
| director = H. S. Mehta
| starring = Raja M. G. Dhandapani M. V. Mani Ramaiah Sastry Vasantha Sundarambal Dhanalaksmi
| music = [[G. Govindarajulu Naidu]]
| cinematography = J. S. Patel
| editing =
| studio = Premier Cinetone
| released = {{Film date|1938|3|19}}<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1938-cinedetails5.asp|title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru|trans-title=History of Landmark Tamil Films|publisher=Sivakami Publishers|author=Film News Anandan|authorlink=Film News Anandan|date=23 October 2004|location=Chennai|language=Tamil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202031959/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1938-cinedetails5.asp|archivedate=2 December 2022|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sri Kanda Leela''''' is a 1938 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language film directed by H. S. Mehta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sri-kandha-leela-1938/article4564379.ece|title=Sri Kandha Leela|work=The Hindu|date=30 March 2013|accessdate=2 December 2022|first=Randor|last=Guy|authorlink=Randor Guy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701085814/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sri-kandha-leela-1938/article4564379.ece|archivedate=1 July 2013}}</ref>



== Cast ==
The following details were taken from the company song book.<ref name=SB>''Sri Kandha Leela'' Song book, 1938, Reliance Press, Coimbatore.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Males
|-
! Name !! Character
|-
| Raja M. G. Dhandapani || Sooran
|-
| [[M. V. Mani]] || Veeravagu
|-
| Master P. S. Mani (5 years) || Bala (child) Murugan
|-
| Master Murugesan (10 years) || Dhandapani
|-
| Master Narayanan || Subramanyar
|-
| Ramaiah Sastry || Idumban
|-
| Gnanamani || Narada
|-
| Selvamani || Sayanthan
|-
| V. V. S. Mani || Bhanugopan
|-
| T. R. Kuppusamy Pillai || Lord Shiva
|-
| G. Govindarajulu || Vishnu
|-
| Saudappa || Brahma
|-
| Arumugam || Indra
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Females
|-
! Name !! Character
|-
| Vasantha || Valli
|-
| Sundarambal || Deivayanai
|-
| Dhanalakshmi || Parvathi
|-
| Suseeladevi || Indrani
|-
| Seethalakshmi || Asamukhi
|}
|}

== Production ==
The film was produced by M. A. S. Sellam and Co., Kovai Premier Cinetone and directed by H. S. Mehta. L. Najappa Chettiar wrote the screenplay, dialogues and songs. Cinematography was done by J. S. Patel. Meenakshisundara Nattuvanar directed the choreography.<ref name=SB />

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by G. Govindarajulu while the lyrics were penned by L. Nanjappa Chettiar. Some folk devotional songs and one [[Thiruppugal]] were included in the film. Altogether there were 25 songs in the film.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tamizh Cinema Ulagam Part 1|last=Vijayakumar |first=Akila |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers 044 25361039 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |publication-date=March 2019 |pages=270–271 |language=Tamil}}</ref>
All the songs were sung by the actors featuring the respective characters.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{YouTube|8288SaqXV04|Vanthadkollal aagaathaa}} - A song from the film

[[Category:1930s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1938 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Yerwada Mental Hospital

2026-01-02T01:40:47Z

Advsunilnshah: created a article added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Yerwada Mental Hospital
| org_group = Government of India
| image = 
| alt =
| image_size = 225
| caption = 
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_size = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| logo = 
| logo_size = 
| location =
| region = 
| state = Maharashtra
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.565007|73.8795675|type:hospital_region:SG|format=dms}}
| address = R N G Road, Vishrantwadi, Phulenagar, Near RTO Office, Yerawada, Pune 411006
| healthcare = Public
| funding = Government
| type =
| speciality = Psychiatry
| standards = 
| emergency = 
| helipad = 
| affiliation = 
| patron = 
| network = 
| beds = 1,590 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Minister-orders-probe-into-RMH-ransacking/articleshow/365802.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105032828/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-18/pune/27178323_1_shiv-sainiks-women-employees-health-services |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-11-05 |title=Minister orders probe into RMH ransacking|date=2003-12-18 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref>
| founded = 
| closed = 
| demolished = 
| website = 
| other_links = [[Mental Healthcare in India]]
}}
'''Regional Mental Hospital''' (also known as '''Yerwada Mental Hospital''') is a psychiatric hospital located in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is one of the largest mental hospitals in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Minister-orders-probe-into-RMH-ransacking/articleshow/365802.cms|title=Minister orders probe into RMH ransacking|date=18 Dec 2003|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Controversy and criticisms==

===Bribery by official===
In December 2004, ''[[Times of India]]'' reported that a ''[[psychiatrist]] ''working for Yerwada Mental Hospital had bribed a person associated with the ''Director General of Police''. It was alleged that Govind Vaidya issued fitness certificates for bribes. This was captured by an undercover operation held in July 2000. To stall the investigation, he then bribed an official Rs. 30,000 (500 US$). The raid by the police department into his house resulted in the seizure of Rs. 274,000 (4500 $US).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Anti-corruption-bureau-arrests-its-own-advisor/articleshow/965949.cms |title=Anti-corruption bureau arrests its own advisor|date=2004-12-21 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref>

===Poor condition and quality of care===
The quality of care offered by the hospital is poor. The compound has a 100-year-old drainage system and has erratic water supply. This led to some defecating patients to wipe with their clothes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Officials wake up to squalid state of Yerawada mental hospital - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/officials-wake-up-to-squalid-state-of-yerawada-mental-hospital/1180676/0 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}{{Dead url|date=July 2024}}</ref> The quality of uniform worn by the patients are also poor.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web |title=Yerawada mental hospital seeks CCTVs, police chowki - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/yerawada-mental-hospital-seeks-cctvs-police-chowki/1181156 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}{{Dead url|date=July 2024}}</ref>

===Alleged rape by staff===
In October 2013, it was reported that a female patient who had been involuntarily committed into the institution was raped by hospital staff. Four individuals were arrested. The director of the hospital refuted the allegations. The patient was taken into care by a non-governmental organization shortly after she filed the complaint.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=201208132012081310111353776dcb4e9 |title=Yerwada Mental Hosp, NGO team up to rehab mentally-ill patients |newspaper=Pune Mirror | access-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105043028/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=201208132012081310111353776dcb4e9 |archive-date=5 November 2013 | date=13 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Mental illness among long-term staff ===
In October 2013, ''[[Daily News & Analysis]]'' reported that some staff who worked at the hospital for a long period developed mental illness such as schizophrenia and psychosis. These individuals were kept under the care of the hospital psychiatrists. A representative from the hospital also stated that monthly check-ups were being conducted to prevent the occurrence of mental illness among staff members. An independent psychiatrist commented that the demand to show empathy to their patients can result in burnout within a couple of years. This was bad in the name of hospital, even though it is one of the largest hospital in Asia .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-falling-prey-to-some-of-the-mental-illnesses-they-treat-1901336|title=Falling prey to some of the mental illnesses they treat|date=10 October 2013|website=DNA India}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Pune]]
* [[List of hospitals in India]]
* [[Healthcare in India]]
{{Portal bar|Psychiatry}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Regional+Mental+Hospital,+Pune/@18.565007,73.8795675,338m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m8!1m2!2m1!1sYerwada+Mental+Hospital!3m4!1s0x3bc2c065a7c56561:0x5973849a92a4be09!8m2!3d18.5643864!4d73.8794466|title= Yerwada Mental Hospital}}

{{Mental Health in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Mental health organisations in India]]
[[Category:Psychiatric hospitals in India]]
[[Category:Hospitals with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Pune]]

New Delhi–Amritsar Intercity Express

2025-12-23T06:17:15Z

Advsunilnshah: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = New Delhi Amritsar Express
| logo = Amr intercity exp.jpg
| image = Amritsar intercity express.jpg
| caption = New Delhi Amritsar Express At [[Karnal railway station]]
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]]
| stops = 13 as 12459 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express, 15 as 12460 [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] Express
| end = [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]]
| distance = {{convert|448|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 8 hours 15 minutes as 12459 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express, 8 hours 00 mins as 12460 [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] Express
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Class seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No [[Dining car|Pantry Car Coach]] attached
| observation = Rake sharing with 14681 / 82 [[Jalandhar City New Delhi Express]]
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities =
| stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] Coaches
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12459 / 12460
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum ,{{convert|55.14|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 12459 / 60 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] - [[Northern Railway zone]] that runs between [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] and [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]] in [[India]].

It operates as train number 12459 from [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] to [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]] and as train number 12460 in the reverse direction serving the states of [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]] & [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].

==Coaches==

The 12459 / 60 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express has 2 AC Car, 13 Second Class seating, 3 General Unreserved and 2 SLR (Seating cum Luggage Rake) Coaches. It does not carry a [[Dining car|Pantry car coach]].

As is customary with most train services in India, Coach Composition may be amended at the discretion of [[Indian Railways]] depending on demand.

==Service==

The 12459 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express covers the distance of {{convert|448|km|0|abbr=on}} in 8 hours 15 mins (54.30 km/h) and in 8 hours 00 mins as 12460 [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] Express (56.00 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is above {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per [[Indian Railways]] rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Routeing==

The 12459 / 60 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express runs from [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] via [[Ambala Cantonment railway station|Ambala Cant Junction]], [[Ludhiana railway station|Ludhiana Junction]], [[Jalandhar City railway station|Jalandhar City]] to [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]].

==Traction==

As the route is fully electrified, a [[Ghaziabad railway station|Ghaziabad]] based [[WAP 4]] or [[WAP 5]] locomotive powers the train for its entire journey.
[[File:New Delhi Amritsar Express - AC Chair Car.jpg|thumb|New Delhi Amritsar Express - AC Chair Car]]

==Timings==

12459 [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] Express leaves [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] on a daily basis at 13:30 hrs IST and reaches [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]] at 21:45 hrs IST the same day.

12460 [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar]] [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] Express leaves [[Amritsar railway station|Amritsar Junction]] on a daily basis at 06:15 hrs IST and reaches [[New Delhi railway station|New Delhi]] at 14:15 hrs IST the same day.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M97uQ-8nSUk
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuiPqEaAQNc
* https://www.flickr.com/photos/50628848@N07/6301846029/
* http://www.railnews.co.in/railway-traffic-disrupted-on-ludhiana-phillaur-section/

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in|title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry|publisher=indianrail.gov.in|accessdate=2014-04-05}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=irctc.co.in|accessdate=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=[IRFCA] Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=irfca.org|accessdate=2014-04-05}}

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Delhi - Amritsar Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]

Jannaram mandal

2025-12-14T12:21:40Z

Advsunilnshah: Started basic entry v1!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jannaram
| official_name = Ponkal - Jannaram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Mandal
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.1188949|N|78.9989734|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 25,000
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 504205
| area_code = 08739
| registration_plate = TS
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Mancherial
| website = {{URL|www.jannaram.com}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Adilabad
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Khanapur
| blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Grama Panchayat
}}

'''Jannaram Mandal''' is situated in [[Mancherial district|Mancherial District]] of the [[Telangana]] state in South [[India]]. Jannaram is famous for [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary|Kawal Wildelife Sanctuary]] Tiger Reserve.

==History ==

Jannaram became mandal with effect from 22 May 1985. Before which it was in the [[Luxettipet]] Taluka.

==Administrative divisions==
There are 27 villages under this madal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.districtsinfo.com/2016/11/mancherial-district-revenue-divisions.html|title=Schedule - II: Reorganization Of Mandals In Mancherial District|website=www.districtsinfo.com|access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Sl.No
! Villages in the Mandal
|-
|1
|Indhanpalle
|-
|2
|Mahammadabad
|-
|3
|Kawal
|-
|4
|Kishtapur
|-
|5
|Kamanpalle
|-
|6
|Raindlaguda
|-
|7
|Morrigudem
|-
|8
|Murimadugu
|-
|9
|Venkatapur
|-
|10
|Narsingapur
|-
|11
|Kalamadugu
|-
|12
|Dharmaram
|-
|13
|Badampalle
|-
|14
|Puttiguda
|-
|15
|Ponakal
|-
|16
|Jannaram
|-
|17
|Paidpalle
|-
|18
|Dongapalle
|-
|19
|Bommena
|-
|20
|Papammaguda
|-
|21
|Chintaguda
|-
|22
|Malyal
|-
|23
|Singaraipet
|-
|24
|Thimmapur
|-
|25
|Rampur
|-
|26
|Juvviguda
|-
|27
|Kothapet
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mancherial district}}
[[Category:Villages in Mancherial district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Mancherial district]]

Inderavelly, Mandal

2025-12-14T07:15:49Z

Advsunilnshah: Started first post more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

'''Inderavelly,''' is a mandal located in [[Adilabad district]] in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Telangana]]. The mandal is name after the village [[Indervelly, Adilabad district|Indervelly]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://panchayat.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumr.asp?selstate=0219000000&pno=1&ptype=B
|title=Mandals in Adilabad district
|publisher=Panchayat Informatics Division
|accessdate=2007-02-28
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070327185343/http://panchayat.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumr.asp?selstate=0219000000&pno=1&ptype=B
|archivedate=2007-03-27
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|19|29|40|N|78|40|13|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-tewiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Mandals in Adilabad district]]

{{Adilabad-geo-stub}}{{Adilabad district}}

Advanced Weapons and Equipment India

2025-12-10T08:21:49Z

Advsunilnshah: brief cleaned up intro for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian weapons production company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited
| native_name =
| logo = Advanced Weapons and Equipment India.svg
| logo_size = 300px
| image_size =
| type = [[Public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertaking]]
| foundation = {{Start date|df=y|2021|10|01}}
| defunct =
| fate =
| successors =
| predecessor = [[Ordnance Factory Board]]
| hq_location = Ordnance Factory Kanpur
| hq_location_city = [[Kanpur]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served =
| key_people = Shri Umesh Singh, [[IOFS]]
| num_employees =
| revenue =
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| divisions = {{Unbulleted list| [[Field Gun Factory, Kanpur]]| Gun and Shell Factory Cossipore| [[Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur]]| Ordnance factory Kanpur| Ordnance Factory Project Korwa| [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli]]| [[Rifle Factory Ishapore]]| [[Small Arms Factory, Kanpur]]}}
| industry = Defence Production
| products = {{plainlist|[[Small arms]],| [[rocket launcher]]s| [[Mortar (weapon)|mortars]]| [[Land mine|mines]]| [[artillery]]}}
| website = [https://aweil.in/ aweil.in]
}}

'''Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited''' (AWEIL) is an Indian defence [[Public Sector Undertakings in India|public sector undertaking]], headquartered in [[Kanpur]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced Weapons & Equipment India Limited |url=https://www.icsi.edu/media/webmodules/05092022_Notice.pdf |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=www.icsi.edu}}</ref> AWE primarily manufactures [[small arms]] and [[artillery]] guns for the [[Indian Armed Forces]], foreign militaries, and domestic civilian use.

==History==
AWEIL was established in 2021 as part of the restructuring and corporatisation of the [[Ordnance Factory Board]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-05-19 |title=Indo-Russian joint venture handed over 27,000 Ak-203 assault rifles to Indian Army |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indo-russian-joint-venture-handed-over-27000-ak-203-assault-rifles-to-indian-army/article68193891.ece |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which was divided into seven different [[Public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertakings]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Seven new defence companies, carved out of OFB, dedicated to the Nation on the occasion of Vijayadashami |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1764148 |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)]] |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=5 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=Modi to launch seven new PSUs this week, Defence Ministry approves Rs 65,000-crore orders |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/seven-new-psus-this-week-defence-ministry-approves-rs-65000-cr-orders/articleshow/86946027.cms |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandra |first=Prakash |title=India closes in on self-reliance in defence |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/india-closes-in-on-self-reliance-in-defence-2870437 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Factory==
AWEIL consists of the following factories of the erstwhile Ordnance Factory Board:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Splitting of OFB |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1776096 |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
{{bulleted list| [[Field Gun Factory, Kanpur]]| [[Gun and Shell Factory, Cossipore]]| [[Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur]]| [[Ordnance Factory, Kanpur]]| Ordnance Factory Project Korwa| [[Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli]]| [[Rifle Factory Ishapore]]| [[Small Arms Factory, Kanpur]]}}

AWEIL has an ownership stake in [[Indo-Russia Rifles]] alongside [[Kalashnikov Concern]] and [[Rosoboronexport]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indo-Russian venture completes production of AK-203 first batch |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indo-russian-venture-completes-production-of-ak-203-first-batch |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Janes.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Skill development==
=== Ordnance Factories Institute of Learning Ishapore ===
Training activity at the company includes the work of the Ordnance Factories Institute of Learning at Ishapore. The centre have long offered courses in trades like machining, fitting and other technical skills, and this training setup continued after the reorganisation of the factories into defence public sector units.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inside India’s ordnance factories: What corporatisation means for workers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-india-ordnance-factories-workers-corporatisation-7391706/ |date=2021-07-18 |access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

Apprenticeship programmes and skill-upgrade courses remain part of the training framework, providing practical experience to new and existing workers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=After corporatisation, what changes for ordnance factory workers? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/after-corporatisation-what-changes-for-ordnance-factory-workers-121100100479_1.html |date=2021-10-01 |access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

Training activity in the Kolkata defence manufacturing cluster also includes routine safety exercises and hands-on instruction related to workshop practices.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Factory safety drills and training in Kolkata defence units |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/factory-safety-training-at-kolkata-defence-units/cid/1843291 |date=2021-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-04}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited]] (AVNL), [[Chennai]]
*[[Gliders India Limited]] (GIL), [[Kanpur]]
*[[India Optel Limited]] (IOL), [[Dehradun]]
*[[Munitions India Limited]] (MIL), Pune
*[[Troop Comforts Limited]] (TCL), Kanpur
*[[Yantra India Limited]] (YIL), [[Nagpur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Public Sector Undertakings in India| state = collapsed}}

[[Category:Defence companies of India]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of India]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2021]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kanpur]]
[[Category:Companies based in Uttar Pradesh]]

Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council

2025-12-09T07:24:22Z

Advsunilnshah: Adding!

{{More citations needed|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council
| house_type = Autonomous District Council
| body =
| houses =
| coa_pic = Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council.png
| coa_res =
| leader1_type = Chair
| established = 2005
| leader1 =
| party1 =
| election1 =
| leader2_type = Chief Executive Councillor
| leader2 = Dipu Ranjan Markari
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type =
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| election3 =
| members = 30
| political_groups1 =
| political_groups2 =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 =
| last_election2 =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Dibrugarh]]
| website = https://www.skacassam.in/
}}

The '''Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council''' (SKAC), is an [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India|autonomous district council]] for the [[Sonowal Kachari|Sonowal Kachari people]] in the state of [[Assam]] in India. The SKAC was established in 2005 by the state legislation Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council Act, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://directorwptbc.assam.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/autonomous-councils |title=Autonomous Councils |website=directorwptbc.assam.gov.in |publisher=Department of Welfare of Plain Tribes & Backward Classes, Government of Assam}}</ref>

==Structure==
The General Council consist of 30 (thirty) members out of which 26 (twenty six) are elected members and 4 (four) members are to be nominated by the Government of Assam to give representation of those group/communities of the council area which are not otherwise represented in it. Out of 26 (twenty six) seats, 20
(twenty) shall be reserved for scheduled Tribes and 5 (five) seats shall be reserved for woman, and 1 (one) for general community. The Executive council consists of 12 councillors led by the Chief Executive Councillor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/new-body-of-sonowal-kachari-autonomous-council-sworn-in/ |title=New body of Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council sworn in |work=The Sentinel, Assam}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sonowal Kachari]]
* [[Bodo Kachari]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Autonomous administrative divisions of India}}

[[Category:Autonomous district councils of India]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Tekurpeta

2025-12-05T07:48:46Z

Advsunilnshah: created the page basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date = February 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tekurpeta
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.001105|N|79.034786|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Kadapa
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 516505
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08569
| registration_plate = AP 04
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Tekurpeta''' is a small village in [[Kadapa district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> The nationally famous turmeric variety tekurpeta is planted here . It is located in Porumamilla [[mandal]] of [[List of Revenue Divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Rajampeta revenue division]].

== Education facilities ==
There is an elementary school in Tekuru Peta. Zilla Parishad High School is a high school for studying high school

== Medical facilities ==
The village has a primary health center for healing

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kadapa district]]

List of India Test cricket records

2025-11-26T07:58:01Z

Advsunilnshah: edit

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2013}}
[[File:The cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar at the Oval Maidan in Mumbai During the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge Visit(26271019082).jpg|thumb|[[Sachin Tendulkar]], widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, still holds several records.]]
[[Test cricket]] is the oldest form of [[cricket]] played at [[International cricket|international level]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Matthew|last=Nicholson|year=2007|title=Sport and the Media: Managing the Nexus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lfeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|page=58|isbn=978-0-7506-8109-4|access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> A Test match is scheduled to take place over a period of five days,{{efn|For the first 50 years of Test cricket matches were played over three or four days<ref>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Nicholas|author-link=Mark Nicholas|title=Where are we 140 years later?|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18912187/mark-nicholas-140-years-test-cricket|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=15 March 2017|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> and until the 1930s some [[timeless Test]]s were played.<ref>{{cite news|first=Martin|last=Williamson|title=The Oval grind of 1938|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/901415.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=22 August 2015|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>}}{{efn|In October 2017, the ICC Board approved a trial of four-day Test cricket to run through until the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=Nagraj|last1=Gollapudi|first2=Osman|last2=Samiuddin|title=South Africa to play Zimbabwe in inaugural four-day Test|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21008545/south-africa-play-zimbabwe-inaugural-four-day-test|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=14 October 2017|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref>}} and is played by teams representing [[List of International Cricket Council members#Full members|full member]] nations of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC).<ref>{{cite news|first=Martin|last=Williamson|title=International Cricket Council: A brief history ...|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/209608.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=18 May 2007|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=ICC Classification of Official Cricket|url=https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/16/d64143b5-3fb0-449a-8f8c-f06668433ab3/ICC-Classification-of-Official-Cricket-September-2018.pdf|page=[https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2018/09/16/d64143b5-3fb0-449a-8f8c-f06668433ab3/ICC-Classification-of-Official-Cricket-September-2018.pdf#page=2 2]|publisher=[[International Cricket Council]]|date=9 September 2018}}</ref>

This is a list of [[India national cricket team|Indian Cricket team]]'s [[Test cricket|Test Cricket]] records. It is based on the [[List of Test cricket records]], but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Indian cricket team. India was granted Test status in 1932 to be the sixth nation to play Test cricket.
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Key==
The top five records are listed for each category, except for the [[#Team wins, losses, draws and ties|team wins, losses, draws and ties]] and the [[#Partnership records|partnership records]]. Tied records for fifth place are also included. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate. All records include matches played by [[India national cricket team|India]] only.{{cn|date=May 2025}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
|-
! scope=col | Symbol
! scope=col | Meaning
|-
! scope=row | {{dagger}}
| Player or umpire is currently active in Test cricket
|-
! scope=row | *
| Player remained [[not out]] or partnership remained unbroken
|-
! scope=row style=background:#cee0f2; | ♠
| [[List of Test cricket records|Test cricket record]]
|-
! scope=row | d
| Innings was [[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|declared]] (e.g. 8/758d)
|-
! scope=row | Date
| Starting date of the Test match
|-
! scope=row | Innings
| Number of [[innings]] played
|-
! scope=row | Matches
| Number of matches played
|-
! scope=row | Opposition
| The team India was playing against
|-
! scope=row | Period
| The time period when the player was active in Test cricket
|-
! scope=row | Player
| The player involved in the record
|-
! scope=row | Venue
| [[List of Test cricket grounds|Test cricket ground]] where the match was played
|}

==Team records==
=== Overall Record ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#9cf;"
! scope="col" |Matches
! scope="col" |Won
! scope="col" |Lost
! scope="col" |Drawn
! scope="col" |Tied
! scope="col" |Win %
|-
| 598 || 185 || 188 || 224 || 1 || 30.94
|-
| colspan=6 |''Last Updated: 26 November 2025.<ref name="Test results summary">{{cite web|title=Records / Test matches / Team records / Results summary |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283877.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>''
|}

=== Team wins, losses, draws and ties ===
{{As of|2025|11|26}}, India played 598 Test matches [[result (cricket)|resulting]] in 185 victories and 188 defeats , 224 draws and 1 tie for an overall winning percentage of 30.94<ref name="Test results summary"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" |Opponent
!scope="col" |[[Test cricket|Matches]]
!scope="col" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|Won]]
!scope="col" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|Lost]]
!scope="col" |[[Tied Test|Tied]]
!scope="col" |[[Result (cricket)#Draw|Draw]]
!scope="col" |[[Winning percentage|% Won]]
!scope="col" |% Lost
!scope="col" |% Drawn
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|Afghanistan|2013}}
| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 100.00 || 0.00 || 0.00
|-
! scope="row" |{{cr|Australia}}
| 112 || 33 || 48 || 1 || 30 || 29.46|| 42.85|| 26.78
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|Bangladesh}}
| 15 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 86.66 || 0.00 || 13.33
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|England}}
| 141 || 37 || 53 || 0 || 51 || 26.24 || 37.58 || 36.17
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|New Zealand}}
| 65 || 22 || 16 || 0 || 27 || 33.84 || 24.61 || 41.53
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|Pakistan}}
| 59 || 9 || 12 || 0 || 38 || 15.25 || 20.33 || 64.40
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|South Africa}}
| 46 || 16 || 20 || 0 || 10 || 34.78 || 43.47 || 21.73
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|Sri Lanka}}
| 46 || 22 || 7 || 0 || 17 || 47.82 || 15.21 || 36.95
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|West Indies}}
| 102 || 25 || 30 || 0 || 47 || 24.51 || 29.41 || 46.08
|-
!scope="row" |{{cr|Zimbabwe}}
| 11 || 7 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 63.63 || 18.18 || 18.18
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" |Total
|'''598'''||'''185'''||'''188'''||'''1'''||'''224'''||'''30.94'''||'''31.44'''||'''37.46'''
|-
|colspan=11|''Statistics are correct as of {{cr|IND}} v {{cr|SA}} at [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati|Assam Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Guwahati]], 2nd Test, 22 November - 26 November 2025.''<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / India / Test matches / Result summary|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2025-01-05}}</ref>
|}

=== First Test series wins ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=align:center;
! Opponent !! Year of first Home win !! Year of first Away win
|-
| {{cr|AFG|2013}} || [[Afghanistan cricket team in India in 2018|2018]] || YTP
|-
| {{cr|AUS}} || [[Australian cricket team in India in 1979–80|1979]] || [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|2018]]
|-
| {{cr|BAN}} ||[[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2016–17|2017]]|| [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2000–01|2000]]
|-
| {{cr|ENG}} || [[English cricket team in India in 1961-62|1961]] || [[Indian cricket team in England in 1971|1971]]
|-
| {{cr|IRE}} || colspan=2|YTP
|-
| {{cr|NZL}} || [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 1955–56|1955]] || [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 1967–68|1968]]
|-
| {{cr|PAK}} || [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1952–53|1952]] || [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04|2004]]
|-
| {{cr|SA}} || [[South African cricket team in India in 1996–97|1996]] || -
|-
| {{cr|SRI}} || [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 1986-87|1986]] || [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1993|1993]]
|-
| {{cr|WIN}} || [[West Indian cricket team in India and Sri Lanka in 1978–79|1978]]|| [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1970–71|1971]]
|-
| {{cr|ZIM}} || [[Zimbabwean cricket team in India in 1992–93|1993]]|| [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2005|2005]]
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=3 | Last updated: 15 January 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / India / Test matches / Series summary|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/series_results.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== First Test match wins ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" | Opponent !! colspan="2" | Home !! colspan="2" | Away
|-
! Venue !! Year !! Venue !! Year
|-
| {{cr|AFG|2013}} || [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]] || [[Afghanistan cricket team in India in 2018#Only Test|2018]] || colspan=2| YTP
|-
| {{cr|AUS}} || [[Green Park, Kanpur|Kanpur]] || [[Australian cricket team in India in 1959–60#2nd Test|1959]] || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|Melbourne]] || [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1977–78#Third Test|1978]]
|-
| {{cr|BAN}} ||[[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium|Hyderabad]]|| [[Bangladeshi cricket team in India in 2016–17#Only Test|2017]] || [[Bangabandhu National Stadium|Dhaka]] || [[Indian cricket team in Bangladesh in 2000–01#Only Test|2000]]
|-
| {{cr|ENG}} || [[M.A. Chidambaram Stadium|Madras]] || [[English cricket team in India in 1951–52#Fifth Test|1952]] || [[The Oval]] || [[Indian cricket team in England in 1971#Third Test|1971]]
|-
| {{cr|IRE}} || colspan=4| YTP
|-
| {{cr|NZL}} || [[Brabourne Stadium|Bombay]] || [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 1955–56#2nd Test|1955]] || [[Carisbrook|Dunedin]] || [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 1967–68#1st Test|1968]]
|-
| {{cr|PAK}} || [[Arun Jaitley Stadium|Delhi]] || [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1952–53#1st Test|1952]] || [[Multan Cricket Stadium|Multan]] || [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04#1st Test|2004]]
|-
| {{cr|RSA}}|| [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Ahmedabad]] || [[South African cricket team in India in 1996–97#1st Test|1996]] || [[New Wanderers Stadium|Johannesburg]] || [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2006–07#1st Test|2006]]
|-
| {{cr|SRI}} || [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground|Nagpur]] || [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 1986-87#2nd Test|1986]] || [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground|Colombo (SSC)]] || [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1993#2nd Test|1993]]
|-
| {{cr|WIN}} || [[Eden Gardens|Calcutta]] || [[West Indian cricket team in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 1974–75#3rd Test|1974]] || [[Queen's Park Oval|Port of Spain]] || [[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1970–71#2nd Test|1971]]
|-
| {{cr|ZIM}} || [[Arun Jaitley Stadium|Delhi]] || [[Zimbabwean cricket team in India in 1992–93#Only Test|1993]] || [[Queens Sports Club|Bulawayo]] || [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2001#1st Test|2001]]
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=Records / India / Test matches / Test Records|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;result=1;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=team;view=results|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

===Team scoring records===

====Most runs in an innings====
The highest innings total scored in Test cricket came in the series between [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] and [[India national cricket team|India]] in [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1997|August 1997]]. Playing in the first Test at [[R. Premadasa Stadium]] in [[Colombo]], the hosts posted a first innings total of 6/952d. This broke the longstanding record of 7/903d which [[England cricket team|England]] set against Australia in the final Test of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1938|1938 Ashes series]] at [[The Oval]]. The fifth and last Test of the [[English cricket team in India in 2016–17|2016–17 series]] against [[England cricket team|England]] saw India set their highest innings total of 759/7d.<ref>{{cite web|title=5th Test, England tour of India at Chennai, Dec 16-20 2016| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034817/india-vs-england-5th-test-england-tour-of-india-2016-17|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Highest Totals">{{cite news|title=Test records – Highest innings totals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283966.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104034703/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283966.html|archive-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|759/7d}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|December|16}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|729/6d}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|SRI}}
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|December|2}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|707}}
| [[Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|July|26}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|705/7d}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|January|2}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|687/6d}}
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2017|February|9}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest innings totals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

====Highest successful run chases====
India's highest fourth-innings total is 445 all out in an unsuccessful run chase against Australia at Adelaide in January 1978. Australia had set a target of 493. India's second-highest fourth-innings total of 429/8 came against England at The Oval in 1979. Having been set a target of 438 runs, India required 9 runs to win with 2 wickets in hand when the fifth day's play ended resulting in a draw. India's highest successful run chase occurred against the West Indies at Port of Spain in 1976 and is also their third-highest fourth-innings total. West Indies had set India a target of 403.<ref>{{cite web |title=India highest fourth-innings totals |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;innings_number=4;orderby=team_score;team=6;template=results;type=team;view=innings |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Target
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|406/4}}
| align=center | 403
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad and Tobago
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1976|April|7}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|387/4}}
| align=center | 387
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2008|December|11}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|329/7}}
| align=center | 328
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|January|15}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|276/5}}
| align=center | 276
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2011|November|11}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|264/3}}
| align=center | 264
| {{cr|SRI}}
| [[Asgiriya Stadium]], [[Kandy]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|August|22}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 19 January 2021<ref name="India Test records – Highest successful run chases">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest successful run chases|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;innings_number=4;orderby=target;result=1;size=5;team=6;template=results;type=team;view=innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref>
|}

====Fewest runs in an innings====
The lowest score in Test history for India is 36 scored in their second innings against Australia in the first Test of the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2020–21#1st Test|2020 Australian tour]].<ref name="India Test records – Lowest Totals"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 36
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2020|December|17}}
|-
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 42
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Lord's]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1974|June|20}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 46
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|October|16}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 58
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1947|November|28}}
|-
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]], [[Manchester]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1952|July|17}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 17 October 2024<ref name="India Test records – Lowest Totals">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Lowest innings totals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

====Most runs conceded in an innings====
The highest innings total scored against India is by [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] when they scored 952/6d in the first Test of the [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1997|Indian's tour of Sri Lanka in 1997]] at [[R. Premadasa Stadium]].<ref name="Highest Totals" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|751|952/6d}} ♠
| {{cr|SL}}
| [[R. Premadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1997|August|2}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|751|760/7d}}
| {{cr|SL}}
| [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|November|16}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|710|710/7d}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2011|August|10}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|699|699/5}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1989|December|1}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|680|680/8d}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2014|February|14}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 23 August 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest innings totals Conceded |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 August 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509110950/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|archive-date=9 May 2017}}</ref>
|}

====Fewest runs conceded in an innings====
The lowest innings total scored against India is 55 in the second test of [[Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2023–24|India's tour of South Africa in 2023-24]]<ref name="Smallest Totals">{{cite news|title=Test records – Lowest innings totals|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/145832.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104034851/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/145832.html|archive-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Score
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 55
| {{cr|SA}}
| [[Newlands Cricket Ground]], [[Cape Town]], South Africa
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|January|3}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 62
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|December|3}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 79
| {{cr|SA}}
| [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2015|November|25}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 81
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|February|24}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 82
| {{cr|SL}}
| [[Sector 16 Stadium]], [[Chandigarh]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1990|November|23}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 25 February 2021<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Lowest innings totals conceded|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509105908/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/lowest_innings_totals.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|archive-date=9 May 2017}}</ref>
|}

===Result records===
A Test match is [[result (cricket)|won]] when one side has scored more [[run (cricket)|runs]] than the total runs scored by the opposing side during their two [[innings]]. If both sides have completed both their allocated innings and the side that fielded last has the higher aggregate of runs, it is known as a win by runs. This indicates the number of runs that they had scored more than the opposing side. If one side scores more runs in a single innings than the total runs scored by the other side in both their innings, it is known as a win by innings and runs. If the side batting last wins the match, it is known as a win by [[Wicket#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]], indicating the number of wickets that were still to fall.<ref name="result">{{cite web|title=Law 16 – The Result|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-result|publisher=[[Marylebone Cricket Club]]|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229231840/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-result|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>

====Greatest win margins (by innings)====
The fifth Test of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1938|1938 Ashes series]] at [[The Oval]] saw England win by an innings and 579 runs, the largest victory by an innings in Test cricket history. The largest victory for India, which is the 12th largest, is their win against West Indies in the first Test of the [[West Indies cricket team in India in 2018–19|2018–19 tour]] at the [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], where the hosts won by an innings and 272 runs.<ref name="Test records – Largest margin of victory (by an innings)">{{cite news|title=Test records – Largest margin of victory (by an innings)|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/210099.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 272 runs
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|October|4}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 262 runs
| {{cr|AFG|2013}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|June|14}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center rowspan=2| Innings and 239 runs
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2007|May|25}}
|-
| rowspan=2|{{cr|SRI}}
| [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2017|November|24}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 222 runs
| [[Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium|I.S Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2022|March|4}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| Colspan=5 | Last updated: 6 March 2022<ref name="Largest victories">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Largest victories|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/largest_margins.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

[[File:Virat Kohli fielding at Trent Bridge 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|In 2018, [[Virat Kohli]] led India to their greatest winning margin by an innings.<ref name="Largest victories"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Deivarayan|last=Muthu|title=Prithvi Shaw's punchy debut hundred headlines India's dominance|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18902/report/1157752/india-vs-west-indies-1st-test-west-indies-in-india-2018-19|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=4 October 2018|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Karthik|last=Krishnaswamy|title=India break blockathon to win series 3-0|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11287/report/903609/india-vs-south-africa-4th-test-south-africa-tour-of-india-2015-16|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 December 2015|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>]]

====Greatest win margins (by runs)====
The largest victory recorded by India, the 8th largest overall, is the third Test of [[English cricket team in India in 2023–24|England's 2024 tour of India]] by 434 runs.<ref name="Test records – Largest margin of victory (by runs)">{{cite news|title=Test records – Largest margin of victory (by runs)|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283901.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 434 runs
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|February|15}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 372 runs
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|December|3}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 337 runs
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2015|December|3}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 336 runs
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2025|July|6}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 321 runs
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]], [[Indore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|October|8}}
|-
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 25 February 2021<ref name="Largest victories"/>
|}

====Greatest win margins (by 10 wickets)====
India have won a Test match by a margin of 10 wickets on 9 occasions.<ref name="Largest victories"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Number of Victories
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Most Recent Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center rowspan=3 | 1
| align=center rowspan=3 | 2
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[M.A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1980|January|15}}
|-
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Seddon Park]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|March|18}}
|-
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|February|24}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=3 | 4
| align=center rowspan=3 | 1
| {{cr|ZIM}}
| [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]], Zimbabwe
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2005|September|20}}
|-
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Shere Bangla National Stadium]], [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|January|24}}
|-
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|October|12}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 25 February 2021<ref name="Largest victories"/>
|}

====Narrowest win margins (by runs)====
India's narrowest win by runs was against England in the fifth Test of the [[2025 Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy]] at [[The Oval]]. Set 374 runs for victory in the final innings, England were bowled all out for 367 to give victory to India by six runs. This was the equal eight-narrowest win in Test cricket, with the narrowest being the West Indies' one-run win over Australia [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 1992–93|in 1993]] and New Zealand over England [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 2022–23|in 2023]].<ref name="Test records – Smallest margin of victory (by runs)">{{cite news|title=Test records – Smallest margin of victory (by runs)|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/215342.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align="center" |1
! style="text-align: center;" | {{sort|1|6 runs}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[The Oval]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2025|July|31}}
|-
| align="center" | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|2|13 runs}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|November|3}}
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|3|28 runs}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1972|December|30}}
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|4|31 runs}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|December|6}}
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | {{sort|5|37 runs}}
|{{cr|WIN}}
| [[Queen's Park Oval]], [[Port of Spain]], Trinidad
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2002|April|19}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 4 August 2025<ref name="India Test Records - Smallest victories">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Smallest victories|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/smallest_margins.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

====Narrowest win margins (by wickets)====
[[File:VVSLaxman.jpg|thumb|[[VVS Laxman]] played a leading role in India's narrowest victory by wickets against Australia in October 2010.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/13112/report/464526/india-vs-australia-1st-test-australia-tour-of-india-sep-oct-2010-2010-11 |title=Magical Laxman seals thrilling one-wicket win|first=Brydon| last=Coverdale| access-date=20 June 2020| publisher=ESPNcricinfo| date=1 October 2010}}</ref>]]
India's narrowest win by wickets came in the first Test of the [[Australian cricket team in India in 2010-11|Border-Gavaskar Trophy]] in October 2010. Played at the [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|PCA Stadium]], the hosts won the match by a margin of one wicket, one of only fourteen one-wicket victories in Test cricket.<ref name="Test records – Smallest margin of victory (by wickets)">{{cite news|title=Test records – Smallest margin of victory (by wickets)|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/255926.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! 1 wicket
| rowspan=3|{{cr|AUS}}
| [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium|Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|October|1}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2 | 2
! rowspan=2| 2 wickets
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1964|October|10}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[M.A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|18}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 4
! rowspan=3| 3 wickets
| {{cr|WIN}}
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1979|January|12}}
|-
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2021|January|15}}
|-
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2022|December|22}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 22 December 2022<ref name="India Test Records - Smallest victories"/>
|}

====Greatest loss margins (by innings)====
[[The Oval]] in London played host the greatest defeat by an innings in Test cricket.<ref name="Test records – Largest margin of victory (by an innings)"/> The final Test of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1938|1938 Ashes]] saw England defeat the tourists by an innings and 579 runs, to the draw the series at one match all.<ref>{{cite news|title=1938 Ashes series|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/60332.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> India's biggest defeat came at home during the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 1958-59|West Indies tour]] in 1958 when they lost by an innings and 336 runs at [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]].<ref name="Largest defeats">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Largest defeats|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/largest_margins.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | Innings and 336 runs
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1958|December|31}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 285 runs
| rowspan=3|{{cr|ENG}}
| [[Lord's]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1974|June|20}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 244 runs
| [[The Oval]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2014|August|15}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 242 runs
| [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]], [[Birmingham]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2011|August|10}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | Innings and 239 runs
| {{cr|SRI}}
| [[Sinhalese Sports Club Ground]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2008|July|23}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="Largest defeats" />
|}

====Greatest loss margins (by runs)====
The first Test of the [[English cricket team in Australia in 1928–29|1928–29 Ashes series]] saw Australia defeated by England by 675 runs, the greatest losing margin by runs in Test cricket.<ref name="Test records – Largest margin of victory (by runs)"/> India's biggest defeat by runs was against South Africa in the second Test of the [[South African cricket team in India in 2025–26]] at the [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati|Assam Cricket Association Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 November 2025 |title=IND vs SA: India records its worst loss in Test history |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian/india-worst-test-loss-408-runs-record-south-africa-ind-sa-series/article70324954.ece |publisher=Sportstar}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 408 runs
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[Assam Cricket Association Stadium, Guwahati|Assam Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Guwahati]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2025|November|22}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 342 runs
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Nagpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|October|26}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 341 runs
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2006|January|29}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 337 runs
| rowspan=2|{{cr|AUS}}
| [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2007|December|26}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 333 runs
| [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2017|February|23}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref name="Largest defeats"/>
|}

====Greatest loss margins (by 10 wickets)====
India have lost a Test match by a margin of 10 wickets on 18 occasions with most recent being during the 2nd test of the [[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2019-20|India's tour of New Zealand in 2020]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Defeats
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Most recent venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 1
| align=center rowspan=3| 4
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Kensington Oval]], [[Bridgetown]], West Indies
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2002|May|2}}
|-
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2012|November|23}}
|-
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|December|8}}
|-
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 3
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2020|February|21}}
|-
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 2
| {{cr|SRI}}
| [[Galle International Stadium]], [[Galle]], Sri Lanka
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|July|18}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 6
| align=center rowspan=2| 1
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|January|3}}
|-
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]], South Africa
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2013|December|26}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="Largest defeats"/>
|}

====Narrowest loss margins (by runs)====
The narrowest loss of India in terms of runs is by 12 runs against [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] in the first test of the [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1998-99|Pakistan's tour of India in 1999]].<ref name="Smallest defeats">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Smallest defeats|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/smallest_margins.html?class=1;id=6;type=opposition|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 12 runs
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1999|January|28}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center rowspan=2| 16 runs
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1977|December|2}}
|-
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1987|March|13}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 22 runs
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Lord's]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2025|July|14}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 25 runs
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|November|1}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 30 July 2025<ref name="Smallest defeats"/>
|}

====Narrowest loss margins (by wickets)====
The narrowest loss of India in terms of wickets is by 2 wickets against [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] in the second test of [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 1977–78|India's tour of Australia in 1978-79]].<ref name="Smallest defeats"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Margin
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center | 2 wicket
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1977|December|16}}
|-
| rowspan=6|2
! scope=row style=text-align:center rowspan=6| 4 wickets
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], Jamaica
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|February|23}}
|-
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1998|December|26}}
|-
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2000|February|24}}
|-
| {{cr|ZIM}}
| [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]], Zimbabwe
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|June|15}}
|-
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Seddon Park]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2002|December|19}}
|-
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2014|December|17}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="Smallest defeats"/>
|}

==== Tied matches ====
A [[Result (cricket)#Tie|tie]] can occur when the scores of both teams are equal at the conclusion of play, provided that the side batting last has completed their innings.<ref name="result"/> Only two matches have [[Tied Test|ended in a tie]] in Test cricket history, both of which involved Australia.<ref name="Test results summary"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|- bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; | {{cr|AUS}} ♠
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1986|September|18}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=3 | Last updated: 3 December 2017<ref name="Smallest defeats"/>
|}

==Batting records==
=== Most career runs ===
A [[run (cricket)|run]] is the basic means of [[scoring (cricket)|scoring]] in cricket. A run is scored when the batsman hits the [[cricket ball|ball]] with his [[cricket bat|bat]] and with his partner runs the length of {{convert|22|yards|metres}} of the [[cricket pitch|pitch]]. Alternatively, a player can score multiple runs by hitting the aforementioned ball out of the boundary rope for 4 or 6 runs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Law 18 – Scoring runs|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring-runs|publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232041/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring-runs|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>
India's [[Sachin Tendulkar]] has scored the most runs in Test cricket with 15,921. Second is [[Ricky Ponting]] of Australia with 13,378 ahead of [[Jacques Kallis]] from South Africa in third with 13,289. [[Rahul Dravid]] and [[Sunil Gavaskar]] are the only other Indian batsmen who have scored more than [[List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket|10,000 runs in Test cricket]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/223646.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | 100
! scope=col | 50
! scope=col | Period
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 15,921
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 200
| align=center | 329
| align=center | 53.78
| align=center | 51
| align=center | 68
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 13,265
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 163
| align=center | 284
| align=center | 52.63
| align=center | 36
| align=center | 63
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 10,122
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 125
| align=center | 214
| align=center | 51.12
| align=center | 34
| align=center | 45
| 1971–1987
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 9,230
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align=center | 123
| align=center | 210
| align=center | 46.85
| align=center | 30
| align=center | 31
| 2011–2025
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 8,781
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| align=center | 134
| align=center | 225
| align=center | 45.97
| align=center | 17
| align=center | 56
| 1996–2012
|-
| align="center" |6
! style="text-align: center;" |8,503
|[[Virender Sehwag]]
| align="center" |103
| align="center" |178
| align="center" |49.43
| align="center" |23
| align="center" |31
|2001–2013
|-
| align="center" |7
! style="text-align: center;" |7,212
|[[Sourav Ganguly]]
| align="center" |113
| align="center" |188
| align="center" |42.17
| align="center" |16
| align="center" |35
|1996–2008
|-
| align="center" |8
! style="text-align: center;" |7,195
|[[Cheteshwar Pujara]]
| align="center" |103
| align="center" |176
| align="center" |43.60
| align="center" |19
| align="center" |35
|2010–2023
|-
| align="center" |9
! style="text-align: center;" |6,868
|[[Dilip Vengsarkar]]
| align="center" |116
| align="center" |185
| align="center" |42.13
| align="center" |17
| align="center" |35
|1976–1992
|-
| align="center" |10
! style="text-align: center;" |6,215
|[[Mohammad Azharuddin]]
| align="center" |99
| align="center" |147
| align="center" |45.03
| align="center" |22
| align="center" |21
|1984–2000
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=9 | Last updated: 5 January 2025<ref name="India Test records – Most career runs">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

[[File:Master Blaster at work.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] holds the world record for most Test runs (15,921) and the most centuries (51).<ref name="India Test records – Most career runs"/><ref name="India Test records – Most centuries"/>]]

=== Most career runs as captain ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | 100
! scope=col | 50
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center;" | 5,864
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align=center | 68
| align=center | 113
| align=center | 54.80
| align=center | 20
| align=center | 18
| 2014–2022
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 3,454
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align=center | 60
| align=center | 96
| align=center | 40.63
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 24
| 2008–2014
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 3,449
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 47
| align=center | 74
| align=center | 50.72
| align=center | 11
| align=center | 14
| 1976–1985
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2,856
| {{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}
| align=center | 47
| align=center | 68
| align=center | 43.93
| align=center | 9
| align=center | 9
| 1990–1999
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2,561
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 75
| align=center | 37.66
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 13
| 2000–2005
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=9 | Last updated: 14 January 2022<ref name="India Test records – Most career runs as captan">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career runs as captain|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|work=Statsguru|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
|}

=== Fastest runs getter ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Runs
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Batsman
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Match
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Innings
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Record Date
! scope="col" |Reference
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|1000
|{{sortname|Vinod|Kambli}}
|12
|14
|18 November 1994
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283173.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 1000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|2000
|{{sortname|Yashasvi|Jaiswal}}
|21
|40
|5 July 2025
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283152.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 2000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|3000
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
|34
|55
|24 March 2005
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283177.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 3000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|4000
|48
|79
|22 June 2006
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283179.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 4000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|5000
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
|52
|95
|19 September 1979
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283181.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 5000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|6000
|65
|117
|23 January 1981
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283183.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 6000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|7000
|{{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
|79
|134
|3 August 2010
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283185.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 7000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|8000
|{{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
|96
|154
|18 May 2002
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283187.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 8000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|9000
|{{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
|104
|176
|30 June 2006
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283189.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 9000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|10000
|rowspan=6|{{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
|122
|195
|16 March 2005
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283191.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 10000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|11000
|139
|223
|27 July 2007
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/306127.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 11000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|12000
|152
|247
|17 October 2008
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/374815.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 12000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" |13000
|163 ♠
|266 ♠
|17 January 2010
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/444566.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 13000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" |14000
|171 ♠
|279 ♠
|9 October 2010
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/480810.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 14000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" |15000
|182 ♠
|300 ♠
|6 November 2011
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/539785.html|title=Records. Test matches. Batting records. Fastest to 15000 runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020
|}

=== Most runs in each batting position ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center;
|-
! scope="col" |Batting position
! scope="col" |Batsman
! scope="col" |Innings
! scope="col" |Runs
! scope="col" |Average
! scope="col" |Test Career Span
! scope="col" |Ref
|-
! scope="row" | Opener
|{{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}|| 203 || 9,607 || 50.30 || 1971–1987
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionmin1=1;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Opener |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 3
|{{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} || 219 || 10,524 || 52.88 || 1996–2012
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=3;batting_positionmin1=3;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 3{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope="row" | Number 4
|{{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}|| 275 || 13,492 || 54.40 || 1989–2013
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=4;batting_positionmin1=4;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 4{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 5
|{{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}|| 94 || 4,346 || 48.83 || 1984–2000
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=5;batting_positionmin1=5;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 5{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 6
|{{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}|| 67 || 2,760 || 50.18 || 1996–2012
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=6;batting_positionmin1=6;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 6{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 7
|{{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}|| 103 || 2,871 || 30.54 || 2005–2014
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=7;batting_positionmin1=7;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 7{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 8
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] || 85 || 2,006||25.71
|| 2011–2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=8;batting_positionmin1=8;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 8{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 9
|{{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}|| 55 || 703 || 14.06 || 1998–2015
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=9;batting_positionmin1=9;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 9{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 10
|{{sortname|Bishen|Bedi}}|| 69 || 470 || 9.04 || 1966–1979
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=10;batting_positionmin1=10;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 10{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 11
|{{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}|| 22 || 209 || 16.08 || 2000–2014
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=11;batting_positionmin1=11;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Number 11{{!}} ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 6 February 2024.
|}

=== Most runs against each team ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
! scope=col | Ref
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AFG|2013}}
! 107
| {{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 1
| 2018
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=40;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against Australia |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AUS}}
! 3,630
| rowspan=3|{{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 39
| align=center | 74
| 1991–2013
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=2;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against Australia |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|BAN}}
! 820
| align=center | 7
| align=center | 9
| 2000–2010
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=25;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against Bangladesh |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ENG}}
! 2,535
| align=center | 32
| align=center | 53
| 1990–2012
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;opposition=1;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against England |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|IRE}}
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" colspan=6| ''Yet to play''
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|NZ}}
! 1,659
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 15
| align=center | 28
| 1998–2010
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=5;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against New Zealand |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|PAK}}
! 2,089
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 24
| align=center | 41
| 1978–1987
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Batting records. Test matches. ESPNcricinfo |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=7;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|access-date=2021-12-26|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SA}}
! 1,741
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 25
| align=center | 45
| 1992–2011
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Batting records. Test matches. ESPNcricinfo |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=3;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting|access-date=2021-12-26|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SL}}
! 1,995
| align=center | 25
| align=center | 36
| 1990–2010
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=8;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|WIN}}
! 2,749
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 27
| align=center | 48
| 1971–1983
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=4;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against West Indies |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ZIM}}
! 979
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 9
| align=center | 13
| 1998–2005
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=9;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Most Runs. Against Zimbabwe |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 8 February 2021.
|}

=== Highest individual score ===
The first test of the [[South African cricket team in India in 2007–08|South Africa's tour of India in 2008]] saw [[Virender Sehwag]] score his second [[century (cricket)|triple century]] and record India's highest Individual score.<ref name="India Test records – Highest individual score">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest individual score|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Sehwag waits at the bowler's end.jpg|thumb|right|[[Virender Sehwag]] holds the top two highest individual score for India.<ref name="India Test records – Highest individual score"/>]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 319
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| {{cr|RSA}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2008|March|26}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 309
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Multan Cricket Stadium]], [[Multan]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|March|28}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 303*
| {{sortname|Karun|Nair}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|December|16}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 293
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| {{cr|SRI}}
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|December|2}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 281
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|11}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="India Test records – Highest individual score"/>
|}

=== Highest individual score – progression of record ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col |Runs
! scope=col |Player
! scope=col |Opponent
! scope=col |Venue
! scope=col |Season
|-
! 118
| {{sortname|Lala|Amarnath}} ||rowspan=2|{{cr|ENG}}||[[Bombay Gymkhana]], [[Mumbai]], India || 1933–34
|-
! 128
| {{sortname|Vijay|Merchant}} || [[Kennington Oval]], [[London]], England || 1946
|-
! 145
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Vijay|Hazare}} ||{{cr|AUS}}||[[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia || 1947–48
|-
! 164*
|rowspan=2|{{cr|ENG}}||[[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]], India || 1951–52
|-
! 184
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}|| [[Lord's]], [[London]], England || 1952
|-
! 223
| {{sortname|Polly|Umrigar}}||rowspan=2|{{cr|NZ}}||[[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], India ||rowspan=2|1955–56
|-
! 231
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
|-
! 236*
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}||{{cr|WIN}}||[[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], Chennai, India || 1983–84
|-
! 281
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}||{{cr|AUS}}||[[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India || 2000–01
|-
! 309
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}||{{cr|PAK}}||[[Multan Cricket Stadium]], [[Multan]], Pakistan || 2003–04
|-
! 319
|{{cr|RSA}}|| [[MA Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India || 2007–08
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="India Test records – Highest individual score"/>
|}

=== Highest individual score against each team ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
! scope=col | Ref
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AFG|2013}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 107
| {{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|June|14}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=40;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Afghanistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AUS}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 281
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|11}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=2;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Australia |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|BAN}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 248*
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|December|10}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=25;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Bangladesh |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ENG}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 303*
| {{sortname|Karun|Nair}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|December|16}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=1;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against England |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|IRE}}
! style=text-align:center; colspan=5|YTP
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|NZ}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 231
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Nehru Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1956|January|6}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=5;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against New Zealand |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|PAK}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 309
| rowspan=3|{{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| [[Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium]], [[Rawalpindi]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|March|28}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=7;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Pakistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SA}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 319
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2008|March|26}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=3;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against South Africa |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SL}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 293
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|December|2}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=8;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|WIN}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 236*
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|December|24}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=4;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting;view=innings |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against West Indies |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ZIM}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 227
| {{sortname|Vinod|Kambli}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1993|March|13}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=9;orderby=runs;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Individual Score. Against Zimbabwe |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020
|}

=== Highest career average ===
A batsman's [[batting average (cricket)|batting average]] is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been dismissed.<ref>{{cite book|first=M. A.|last=Pervez|title=A Dictionary of Cricket|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|page=7|isbn=978-81-7370-184-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwYsHe-F-IUC&pg=PA7}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Not out
! scope=col | 100
! scope=col | 50
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align="center" | 1
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 54.20
| {{sortname|Vinod|Kambli}}
| align="center" | 21
| align="center" | 1,084
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | 4
| align="center" | 3
| 1993–1995
|-
| align="center" | 2
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 53.78
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align="center" | 329
| align="center" | 15,921
| align="center" | 33
| align="center" | 51
| align="center" | 68
| 1996-2012
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 52.63
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align="center" | 284
| align="center" | 13,265
| align="center" | 32
| align="center" | 36
| align="center" | 63
| 1996–2012
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 51.12
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align="center" | 214
| align="center" | 10,122
| align="center" | 16
| align="center" | 34
| align="center" | 45
| 1971–1987
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 49.43
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align="center" | 178
| align="center" | 8,503
| align="center" | 6
| align="center" | 23
| align="center" | 31
| 2001–2013
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="9" | Qualification: 20 innings. Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest career average|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Highest average in each batting position ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Batting position
! scope="col" |Batsman
! scope="col" |Innings
! scope="col" |Runs
! scope="col" |Average
! scope="col" |Career Span
! scope="col" |Ref
|-
! scope="row" | Opener
| [[Sunil Gavaskar]] || 203 || 9,607
! 50.29
| 1971–1987
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=2;batting_positionmin1=1;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Opener |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 3
|{{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}|| 217 || 10,501
! 53.30
| 1996–2012
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=3;batting_positionmin1=3;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 3 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 4
|{{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}} || 20 || 1,188
! 66.00
| 1996–2008
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=4;batting_positionmin1=4;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 4 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 5
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || 29 || 1,552
! 59.69
| 1993–2012
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=5;batting_positionmin1=5;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 5 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 6
| [[MS Dhoni]] || 25 || 1,218
! 55.36
| 2006–2014
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=6;batting_positionmin1=6;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 6 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 7
| rowspan="2" |[[Ravindra Jadeja]]{{dagger}}|| 50 || 1,578
! 37.57
| 2012–2025
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=7;batting_positionmin1=7;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 7 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 8
| 32 || 924
! 34.22
|| 2013–2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=8;batting_positionmin1=8;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 8 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 9
|{{sortname|Karsan|Ghavri}}|| 22 || 377
! 31.41
| 1975–1981
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=9;batting_positionmin1=9;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 9 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 10
|{{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}|| 22 || 235
! 15.66
| 1990–2008
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=10;batting_positionmin1=10;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 10 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | Number 11
|{{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}} || 21 || 210
! 17.50
| 2000–2014
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?batting_positionmax1=11;batting_positionmin1=11;batting_positionval1=batting_position;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_average;qualmin1=20;qualval1=innings;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=batting |title=Statistics. Highest Average. Number 11 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| colspan=7 | Qualification'': Min 20 innings batted at position'' Last updated: 26 November 2025
|}

=== Most half-centuries ===
A half-century is a score of between 50 and 99 runs. Statistically, once a batsman's score reaches 100, it is no longer considered a half-century but a century.

[[Sachin Tendulkar]] of India has scored the most half-centuries in Test cricket with 68. He is followed by the West Indies' [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] on 66, India's [[Rahul Dravid]] and [[Allan Border]] of Australia on 63 and in fifth with 62 fifties to his name, Australia's [[Ricky Ponting]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most half-centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283032.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Half centuries
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Period
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 68 ♠
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 329
| align=center | 15,921
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center;| 63
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 284
| align=center | 13,625
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center;| 56
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| align=center | 225
| align=center | 8,781
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 45
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 214
| align=center | 10,122
| 1971–1987
|-
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 5
! rowspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 35
| {{sortname|Gundappa|Viswanath}}
| align=center | 155
| align=center | 6,080
| 1969–1983
|-
|[[Cheteshwar Pujara]]
| align=center | 176
| align=center | 7,195
|2010–2023
|-
| {{sortname|Dilip|Vengsarkar}}
| align=center | 185
| align=center | 6,868
| 1976–1992
|-
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| align=center | 188
| align=center | 7,212
| 1996–2008
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 12 June 2023<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most half-centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_fifties_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most centuries ===
A [[century (cricket)|century]] is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings.

Tendulkar has also scored the most centuries in Test cricket with 51. South Africa's [[Jacques Kallis]] is next on 45 and Ricky Ponting with 41 hundreds is in third.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007020339/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/227046.html|archive-date=7 October 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Centuries
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Period
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 51
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 329
| align=center | 15,921
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 36
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 284
| align=center | 13,265
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 34
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 214
| align=center | 10,122
| 1971–1987
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 30
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align=center | 210
| align=center | 9,230
| 2011–2025
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 23
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 178
| align=center | 8,503
| 2001–2013
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 24 November 2024<ref name="India Test records – Most centuries">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most double centuries ===
A [[century (cricket)|double century]] is a score of 200 or more runs in a single innings.

For the most double centuries, Don Bradman holds the Test record scored with twelve, one ahead of Sri Lanka's [[Kumar Sangakkara]] who finished his career with eleven. In third is [[Brian Lara]] of the West Indies with nine. India's [[Virat Kohli]] is one of three cricketers who reached the mark on seven occasions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most Double Hundreds|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/230344.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Double centuries
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align=center | 210
| align=center | 9,230
| 2011–2025
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 6
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 178
| align=center | 8,503
| 2001–2013
|-
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 329
| align=center | 15,921
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 284
| align=center | 13,265
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 214
| align=center | 10,122
| 1971–1987
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 12 June 2023<ref name="India Test records – Most double centuries">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most double centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_double_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=5 December 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most triple centuries ===
A [[century (cricket)|triple century]] is a score of 300 or more runs in a single innings.

Sehwag holds the equal Test record for the most [[List of Test cricket triple centuries|triple centuries scored]] with two, along with Australia's [[Don Bradman]] and West Indians [[Chris Gayle]] and [[Brian Lara]].<ref name="Most triple centuries">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most triple centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282944.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> [[Karun Nair]] is the only other Indian who has scored a single Test triple century {{as of|2020|01|lc=yes}}.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Triple centuries
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Period
|- bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | {{sort|1|2 ♠}}
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 178
| align=center | 8,503
| 2001–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{sortname|Karun|Nair}}
| align=center | 12
| align=center | 491
| 2016–2025
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 3 July 2025<ref name="India Test records – Most triple centuries">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most triple centuries|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_triple_hundreds_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most Sixes ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Sixes
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 94
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}{{dagger}}
| align="center" | 86
| 2018–2025
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 90
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 178
| 2001–2013
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 88
| {{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| align="center" | 116
| 2013–2024
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 82
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 133
| 2012–2025
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 78
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align="center" | 144
| 2005–2014
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="5" | Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most sixes|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=sixes;team=6;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most Fours ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Fours
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Period
|- bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 2,058+ ♠
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 329
| align=center | 15,921
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,651
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 284
| align=center | 13,265
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,219
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 178
| align=center | 8,503
| 2001–2013
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,135
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| align=center | 225
| align=center | 8,781
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1,027
| [[Virat Kohli]]
| align=center | 210
| align=center | 9,230
| 2011-2025
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" | Last updated: 5 January 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most fours|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=fours;team=6;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Highest batting strike rate ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Strike Rate
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Balls
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 82.18
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| align=center | 8,503
| align=center | 10,346
| 2001–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 80.91
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 5,248
| align=center | 5,538+
| 1978–1994
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 74.62
| [[Mohammed Shami]]{{dagger}}
| align="center" | 750
| align="center" | 1,005
| 2018–2023
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 74.24
| [[Rishabh Pant]]{{dagger}}
| align="center" | 3,476
| align="center" | 4,682
| 2013–2025
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 66.94
| [[Shikhar Dhawan]]
| align="center" | 2,315
| align="center" | 3,458
| 2013–2018
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" | Qualification: 1,000 balls. Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest Strike Rate|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=batting_strike_rate;qualmin1=1000;qualval1=balls_faced;team=6;template=results;type=batting|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most runs in a series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Series
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 774
|{{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 8
| {{sort|1|[[Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1970–71]]}}
|-
| align="center" |2
! style="text-align: center;" |754
|{{sortname|Shubman|Gill}}
| align="center" |5
| align="center" |10
| {{sort|2|[[Indian cricket team in England in 2025|Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy 2025]]}}
|-
| align="center" | 3
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 732
|{{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align="center" | 6
| align="center" | 9
| {{sort|3|[[West Indian cricket team in India and Sri Lanka in 1978–79|West Indies in India in 1978]]}}
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 712
|{{sortname|Yashasvi|Jaiswal}}
| align="center" | 5
| align="center" | 9
| {{sort|4|[[English cricket team in India in 2023–24|Anthony de Mello Trophy 2024]]}}
|-
| align="center" | 5
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 692
|{{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align="center" | 4
| align="center" | 8
| {{sort|5|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2014–15|Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2014]]}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 4 August 2025<ref>{{cite news |title=India Test records – Most runs in a series |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/team/batting-most-runs-series/india-6/test-matches-1 |access-date=27 July 2025 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

=== Most career ducks ===
A [[duck (cricket)|duck]] refers to a batsman being dismissed without scoring a run.<ref name="glossary">{{cite news|first=Martin|last=Williamson|title=A glossary of cricket terms|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Ducks
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 34
| {{sortname|Ishant|Sharma}}
| align=center | 105
| align=center | 142
| 2007–2021
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 29
| {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}
| align=center | 92
| align=center | 127
| 2000–2014
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 28
| [[Jasprit Bumrah]]{{dagger}}
| align="center" | 48
| align="center" | 74
| 2018–2025
|-
| align="center" | 4
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 23
| {{sortname|B. S. |Chandrasekhar}}
| align="center" | 58
| align="center" | 80
| 1964–1979
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 20
| {{sortname|Bishan|Bedi}}
| align=center | 67
| align=center | 101
| 1966–1979
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 27 October 2024<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most ducks|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_ducks_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

==Bowling records==

[[File:Kumble edited.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Anil Kumble]] has taken the most Test wickets (619), second most five-wicket hauls (35) and the most ten-wicket hauls (8) for India.<ref name="India Test records – Most career wickets"/><ref name="India Test records – Most five-wicket hauls in an innings"/><ref name="India Test records – Most ten-wicket hauls in a match"/>]]

=== Most career wickets ===
A [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]] takes the [[wicket#dismissing a batsman|wicket]] of a batsman when the form of dismissal is [[bowled]], [[caught]], [[leg before wicket]], [[stumped]] or [[hit wicket]]. If the batsman is dismissed by [[run out]], [[obstructing the field]], [[handled the ball|handling the ball]], [[hit the ball twice|hitting the ball twice]] or [[timed out]] the bowler does not receive credit.

[[Shane Warne]] held the record for the most Test wickets with 708 until December 2007 when [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lankan]] bowler [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] passed Warne's milestone.<ref name="Murali breaks Warne's record">{{cite news|title=Murali breaks Warne's record|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/slveng/content/story/323457.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=3 December 2007|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> Muralitharan, who continued to play until 2010, finished with 800 wickets to his name. [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] of England is third on the list taking 700 wickets holds the record for most wickets by a [[fast bowling|fast bowler]] in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/93276.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Most career wickets taken by a fast bowler">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career wickets taken by a fast bowler|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_pacespin=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
India's [[Anil Kumble]] is fourth on the list and the highest ranked Indian bowler taking 619 wickets.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 619
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 132
| align=center | 236
| align=center | 29.65
| 1990–2008
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 537
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 106
| align=center | 200
| align=center | 24.00
| 2011–2024
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 434
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 131
| align=center | 227
| align=center | 29.64
| 1978–1994
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 417
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center | 103
| align=center | 190
| align=center | 32.46
| 1998–2015
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 337
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 87
| align=center | 162
| align=center | 24.98
| 2012–2025
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |6
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |311
|[[Ishant Sharma]]
| align="center" |105
| align="center" |188
| align="center" |32.40
|2007–2021
|-
|[[Zaheer Khan]]
| align="center" |92
| align="center" |165
| align="center" |32.94
|2000–2014
|-
| align="center" |8
! style="text-align: center;" |266
|[[Bishan Singh Bedi]]
| align="center" |67
| align="center" |118
| align="center" |28.71
|1966–1979
|-
| align="center" |9
! style="text-align: center;" |242
|[[B. S. Chandrasekhar|B.S. Chandrashekhar]]
| align="center" |58
| align="center" |97
| align="center" |29.74
|1964–1979
|-
| align="center" |10
! style="text-align: center;" |236
|[[Javagal Srinath]]
| align="center" |67
| align="center" |121
| align="center" |30.49
|1991–2002
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="10" | Last updated: 12 October 2025<ref name="India Test records – Most career wickets">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most wickets against each team ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | Period
! scope=col | Ref
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AFG|2013}}
! 6
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 5.83
| 2018–2018
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=40;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Afghanistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AUS}}
! 115
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| align=center | 23
| align=center | 43
| align=center | 28.58
| 2011–2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=2;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Australia |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|BAN}}
! 31
| {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}
| align=center | 7
| align=center | 14
| align=center | 24.25
| 2000–2010
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=25;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Bangladesh |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ENG}}
! 114
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| align=center | 24
| align=center | 45
| align=center | 27.72
| 2012–2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=1;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against England |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|IRE}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; colspan=7| YTP
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|NZ}}
! 75
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 12
| align=center | 23
| align=center | 18.53
| 2012–2024
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=5;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against New Zealand |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|PAK}}
! 99
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 29
| align=center | 45
| align=center | 30.12
| 1978–1989
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=7;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Pakistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SA}}
! 84
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 21
| align=center | 40
| align=center | 31.79
| 1992–2008
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=3;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against South Africa |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SL}}
! 74
| align=center | 18
| align=center | 28
| align=center | 31.20
| 1993–2008
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=8;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|WIN}}
! 89
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 25
| align=center | 41
| align=center | 24.89
| 1978–1989
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=4;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against West Indies |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ZIM}}
! 38
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 7
| align=center | 14
| align=center | 22.60
| 1992–2005
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=9;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling |title=Statistics. Most Wickets. Against Zimbabwe |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=8 | Last updated: 6 March 2024
|}

=== Fastest wicket taker ===
[[File:R Ashwin bowling at Trent Bridge 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Ravichandran Ashwin]] holds world record for quickest to reach 250, 300 and 350 test wickets.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Wickets
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Bowler
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Match
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Record Date
! scope="col" style="text-align:center;"|Reference
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|50
|rowspan=10|{{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
|9
|15 November 2012
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283528.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 50 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|100
|18
|14 November 2013
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283530.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 100 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|150
|29
|5 November 2015
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283532.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 150 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|200
|37
|22 September 2016
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283534.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 200 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;"|250
|45 ♠
|9 February 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283536.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 250 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;"|300
|54 ♠
|24 November 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283538.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 300 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;"|350
|66 ♠
|2 October 2019
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283540.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 350 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|400
|77
|24 February 2021
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283542.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 400 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|450
|89
|9 February 2023
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283544.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 450 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|500
| 98
|16 February 2024
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283546.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 500 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|600
|{{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
|124
|16 January 2008
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/468455.html|title=Records. Test matches. Bowling records. Fastest to 600 wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 June 2020
|}

=== Best figures in an innings ===
[[File:Anil Kumble.jpg|thumb|[[Anil Kumble]] is one of three players to have taken 10 wickets in an innings.]]
[[Bowling analysis|Bowling figures]] refers to the number of the wickets a bowler has taken and the number of runs conceded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition: bowling analysis|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bowling%20analysis|work=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904012227/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bowling%20analysis|archive-date=4 September 2017}}</ref>
There have been three occasions in Test cricket where a bowler has taken all ten wickets in a single innings – [[Jim Laker]] of England took 10/53 against Australia [[Australian cricket team in England in 1956|in 1956]], [[India national cricket team|India]]'s [[Anil Kumble]] in 1999 returned figures of 10/74 [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1998–99|against Pakistan]], [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]]'s [[Ajaz Patel]] in 2021 obtained figures of 10/119 [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 2021-22|against India]]. [[Subhash Gupte]], [[Jasu Patel]] and [[Kapil Dev]] are three Indian bowlers of 15 bowlers who have taken nine wickets in a Test match innings.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Best bowling figures in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283203.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729235538/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283203.html|archive-date=29 July 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Figures
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|10/74}}
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1999|February|4}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|9/69}}
| {{sortname|Jasu|Patel}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Green Park, Kanpur|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1959|December|19}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|9/83}}
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|WIN}}
| [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|November|12}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|9/102}}
| {{sortname|Subhash|Gupte}}
| [[Green Park, Kanpur|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1958|December|12}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|8/52}}
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1952|October|16}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Best bowling figures in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Best bowling figures against each team ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Figures
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
! scope=col | Ref
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AFG|2013}}
! 4/17
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}
| [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|June|14}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=40;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Afghanistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|AUS}}
! 9/69
| {{sortname|Jasu|Patel}}
| [[Green Park, Kanpur|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1959|December|19}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=2;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Australia |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|BAN}}
! 7/87
| {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}
| [[Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium]], [[Mirpur Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|January|24}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=25;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Bangladesh |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ENG}}
! 8/55
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1952|February|6}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=1;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against England |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|IRE}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; colspan=5| YTP
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|NZ}}
! 8/72
| {{sortname|Srinivasaraghavan|Venkataraghavan}}
| rowspan=2|[[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1965|March|19}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=5;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against New Zealand |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|PAK}}
! 10/74
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1999|February|4}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=7;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Pakistan |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SA}}
! 7/61
| {{sortname|Shardul|Thakur}}
| [[Wanderers Stadium]], [[Johannesburg]], South Africa
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2022|January|3}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=3;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against South Africa |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|SL}}
! 7/51
| {{sortname|Maninder|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]], [[Nagpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1986|December|27}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=8;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Sri Lanka |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|WIN}}
! 9/83
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|November|12}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=4;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against West Indies |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| style=text-align:left; |{{cr|ZIM}}
! 7/59
| {{sortname|Irfan|Pathan}}
| [[Harare Sports Club]], [[Harare]], Zimbabwe
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2005|September|20}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=9;orderby=wickets;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |title=Statistics. Best Bowling Figures. Against Zimbabwe |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 7 January 2022
|}

=== Best figures in a match ===
A bowler's bowling figures in a match is the sum of the wickets taken and the runs conceded over both innings.

No bowler in the history of Test cricket has taken all 20 wickets in a match. The closest to do so was English [[spin bowling|spin bowler]] [[Jim Laker]]. During the fourth Test of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 1956|1956 Ashes series]], Laker took 9/37 in the first innings and 10/53 in the second to finish with match figures of 19/90.
[[Narendra Hirwani]]'s figures of 16/136, taken in his debut test, during the fourth match of the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 1987–88|West Indies tour of India in 1987]], is the third-best in Test cricket history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Best bowling figures in a match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283211.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Figures
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|16/136}}
| {{sortname|Narendra|Hirwani}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| rowspan=2|[[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1988|January|11}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|15/217}}
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|AUS}}
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|18}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|14/124}}
| {{sortname|Jasu|Patel}}
| [[Green Park, Kanpur|Green Park]], [[Kanpur]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1959|December|19}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|14/149}}
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|PAK}}
| rowspan=2|[[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1999|February|4}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|13/131}}
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1952|October|16}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Best bowling figures in a match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_match.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Best career average ===
A bowler's [[bowling average]] is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of wickets they have taken. 19th-century English medium pacer [[George Lohmann]] holds the record for the best career average in Test cricket with 10.75.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Best career average|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283256.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728224334/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283256.html|archive-date=28 July 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Balls
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 19.66
| [[Axar Patel]]{{dagger}}
| align=center | 57
| align=center | 1,121
| align=center | 2,660
| 2021–2025
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 19.79
| {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 234
| align=center | 4,631
| align=center | 10,031
| 2018–2025
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 22.42
| {{sortname|Kuldeep|Yadav}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 76
| align=center | 1,704
| align=center | 2,893
| 2017–2025
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 24.00
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 537
| align=center | 12,891
| align=center | 27,246
| 2011–2024
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 25.11
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 348
| align=center | 8,741
| align=center | 20,241
| 2012–2025
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" | Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref name="India Test records – Best career average">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Best career average|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_bowling_average.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Best career economy rate ===
A bowler's [[economy rate (cricket)|economy rate]] is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of [[over (cricket)|overs]] they have bowled.<ref name="glossary"/>
English bowler [[William Attewell]], who played 10 matches for England between 1884 and 1892, holds the Test record for the best career economy rate with 1.31. India's [[Bapu Nadkarni]], with a rate of 1.67 runs per over conceded over his 41-match Test career, is fourth on the list.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Best career economy rate|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283265.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Economy rate
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Balls
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1.67
| {{sortname|Bapu|Nadkarni}}
| align=center | 88
| align=center | 2,559
| align=center | 9,165
| 1955–1968
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1.87
| {{sortname|Polly|Umrigar}}
| align=center | 35
| align=center | 1,473
| align=center | 4,725
| 1948–1962
|-
|align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2.09
| {{sortname|Lala|Amarnath}}
| align=center | 45
| align=center | 1,481
| align=center | 4,241
| 1933–1952
|-
|align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2.13
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| align=center | 162
| align=center | 5,236
| align=center | 14,686
| 1946–1959
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2.14
| {{sortname|Bishan|Singh Bedi}}
| align=center | 266
| align=center | 7,637
| align=center | 21,364
| 1966–1979
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Best career economy rate|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_economy_rate.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Best career strike rate ===
A bowler's [[strike rate]] is the total number of [[delivery (cricket)|balls]] they have bowled divided by the number of wickets they have taken.<ref name="glossary"/>
As with the career average above, the top bowler with the best Test career strike rate is [[George Lohmann]] with strike rate of 34.1 balls per wicket. India's [[Kuldeep Yadav]] is the highest-ranked Indian bowler on this list.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Best career strike rate|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283274.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Strike rate
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Balls
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 38.06
| {{sortname|Kuldeep|Yadav}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 76
| align=center | 1,704
| align=center | 2,893
| 2017–2025
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 42.86
| {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 234
| align=center | 4,631
| align=center | 10,031
| 2018–2025
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 46.66
| [[Axar Patel]]{{dagger}}
| align=center | 57
| align=center | 1,121
| align=center | 2,660
| 2021–2025
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 50.28
| {{sortname|Mohammed|Shami}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 229
| align=center | 6,346
| align=center | 11,515
| 2013–2023
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 50.41
| {{sortname|Mohammed|Siraj}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 139
| align=center | 4,124
| align=center | 7,007
| 2020–2025
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" | Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 26 November 2025<ref name="India Test records – Best career strike rate">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Best career strike rate|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_career_strike_rate.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most five-wicket hauls in an innings ===
A [[five-wicket haul]] refers to a bowler taking five wickets in a single innings.<ref>{{cite book|first=M. A.|last=Pervez|title=A Dictionary of Cricket|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|page=31|isbn=978-81-7370-184-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwYsHe-F-IUC&pg=PA31}}</ref> [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] is fourth on the list of most five-wicket hauls behind Sri Lanka's [[Muttiah Muralitharan]], Australia's [[Shane Warne]] and New Zealand's [[Richard Hadlee]] in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most Five-Wicket Hauls in a Career|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283354.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Five-wicket hauls
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Match
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 37
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 105
| align=center | 199
| align=center | 536
| 2011–2024
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 35
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 132
| align=center | 236
| align=center | 619
| 1990–2008
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 25
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center | 103
| align=center | 190
| align=center | 417
| 1998–2015
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 23
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 131
| align=center | 227
| align=center | 434
| 1978–1994
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 16
| {{sortname|B. S.|Chandrasekhar}}
| align=center | 58
| align=center | 97
| align=center | 242
| 1964–1979
|-
| {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}
| align=center | 52
| align=center | 99
| align=center | 234
| 2018–2025
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 25 November 2025<ref name="India Test records – Most five-wicket hauls in an innings">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most five-wicket hauls in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_5wi_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most ten-wicket hauls in a match ===
A [[ten-wicket haul]] refers to a bowler taking ten or more wickets in a match over two innings.
As with the five-wicket hauls above, [[Anil Kumble]] is not only behind Muralitharan, Warne and Hadlee, he is also behind [[Rangana Herath]] of Sri Lanka in taking the most ten-wicket hauls in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most Ten-Wicket Hauls in a Match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283370.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Ten-wicket hauls
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 8
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 105
| align=center | 199
| align=center | 536
| 2011–2024
|-
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 132
| align=center | 236
| align=center | 619
| 1990–2008
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 5
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center | 103
| align=center | 190
| align=center | 417
| 1998–2015
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 3
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]]{{dagger}}
| align=center | 85
| align=center | 159
| align=center | 330
| 2012–2025
|-
| align=center rowspan=6| 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=6| 2
| {{sortname|Irfan|Pathan}}
| align=center | 29
| align=center | 54
| align=center | 100
| 2003–2008
|-
| {{sortname|Maninder|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| align=center | 35
| align=center | 52
| align=center | 88
| 1982–1993
|-
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| align=center | 44
| align=center | 70
| align=center | 162
| 1946–1959
|-
| {{sortname|E. A. S. |Prasanna}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 86
| align=center | 189
| 1962–1978
|-
| {{sortname|B. S. |Chandrasekhar}}
| align=center | 58
| align=center | 97
| align=center | 242
| 1964–1979
|-
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 131
| align=center | 227
| align=center | 434
| 1978–1994
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 1 November 2024<ref name="India Test records – Most ten-wicket hauls in a match">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most ten-wicket hauls in a match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_10wm_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Worst figures in an innings ===
The worst figures in a single innings in Test cricket came in the [[Pakistani cricket team in the West Indies in 1957–58|third Test]] between the West Indies at home to Pakistan in 1958. Pakistan's [[Khan Mohammad]] returned figures of 0/259 from his 54 overs in the second innings of the match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Worst bowling figures in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=1;ballsval1=balls;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=conceded;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmax1=0;wicketsval1=wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=3rd Test, Pakistan tour of West Indies at Kingston, Feb 26-Mar 4 1958|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17399/scorecard/62837/West-Indies-vs-Pakistan-3rd-Test-pakistan-tour-of-west-indies-1957-58/|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> The worst figures by an Indian is 0/187 that came off the bowling of [[E. A. S. Prasanna]] in the [[Indian cricket team in England in 1967|first test]] of the India's tour of England in 1967.<ref name="Indian Worst Figure">{{cite news|title=1st Test, India tour of England at Leeds, Jun 8-13 1967|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17304/scorecard/63004/england-vs-india-1st-test-india-tour-of-england-1967|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Figures
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Overs
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|0/187}}
| {{sortname|E. A. S. |Prasanna}}
| align=center | 59
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1967|June|8}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|0/182}}
| {{sortname|Arshad|Ayub}}
| align=center | 49
| rowspan=2|{{cr|PAK}}
| rowspan=2|[[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1989|December|1}}
|-
| align=center |3
! scope=row style=text-align:center;|{{sort|3|0/176}}
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center | 34
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2006|January|13}}
|-
| align=center |4
! scope=row style=text-align:center;|{{sort|4|0/173}}
| {{sortname|Dattu|Phadkar}}
| align=center | 43
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1958|December|31}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|0/170}}
| {{sortname|Amit|Mishra}}
| align=center | 38
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[The Oval]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2011|August|18}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Worst bowling figures in an innings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=1;ballsval1=balls;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=conceded;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmax1=0;wicketsval1=wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Worst figures in a match ===
The worst figures in a match in Test cricket were taken by South Africa's [[Imran Tahir]] in the second Test against Australia at the [[Adelaide Oval]] in [[South African cricket team in Australia in 2012–13|November 2012]]. He returned figures of 0/180 from his 23 overs in the first innings and 0/80 off 14 in the third innings for a total of 0/260 from 37 overs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Worst bowling figures in a match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=1;ballsval1=balls;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=conceded;template=results;type=bowling;view=match;wicketsmax1=0;wicketsval1=wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> He claimed the record in his final over when two runs came from it – enough for him to pass the previous record of 0/259, set 54 years prior.<ref>{{cite news|title=2nd Test, South Africa tour of Australia at Adelaide, Nov 22-26 2012|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12276/scorecard/573008/Australia-vs-South-Africa-2nd-Test-south-africa-tour-of-australia-2012-13/|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

The worst figures by an Indian is by [[E. A. S. Prasanna]] in the [[Indian cricket team in England in 1967|first test]] of the India's tour of England in 1967.<ref name="Indian Worst Figure" />

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Figures
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Overs
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|0/187}}
| {{sortname|E. A. S. |Prasanna}}
| align=center | 59
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Headingley Cricket Ground|Headingley]], [[Leeds]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1967|June|8}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|0/182}}
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Arshad|Ayub}}
| align=center | 49
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1989|December|1}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|0/180}}
| align=center | 60
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1987|December|26}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| {{sort|4|0/179}}
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center rowspan=2| 47
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Iqbal Stadium]], [[Faisalabad]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2006|January|21}}
|-
| {{sortname|Pankaj|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Rose Bowl (cricket ground)|Rose Bowl]], [[Southampton]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2014|July|27}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated:20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Worst bowling figures in a match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?ballsmin1=1;ballsval1=balls;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=conceded;team=6;template=results;type=bowling;view=match;wicketsmax1=0;wicketsval1=wickets|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most wickets in a series ===
[[English cricket team in South Africa in 1913–14|England's seventh Test tour of South Africa]] in 1913–14 saw the record set for the most wickets taken by a bowler in a Test series. English [[pace bowling|paceman]] [[Sydney Barnes]] played in four of the five matches and achieved a total of 49 wickets to his name. India's [[B. S. Chandrasekhar]] is joint 18th with his 35 wickets taken against England during the [[English cricket team in India in 1972–73|1972–73 tour]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most wickets in a series|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/122207.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Series
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 35
| {{sortname|B. S. |Chandrasekhar}}
| align=center rowspan=3| 5
| {{sort|1|[[English cricket team in India in 1972–73]]}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 34
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{sort|2|[[English cricket team in India in 1951–52]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Subhash|Gupte}}
| {{sort|3|[[New Zealand cricket team in India in 1955–56]]}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=4| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=4| 32
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 6
| {{sort|4|[[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1979–80]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
| align=center | 3
| {{sort|5|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2000–01|Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2001]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center | 4
| {{sort|6|[[English cricket team in India in 2020-21|Anthony de Mello Trophy in 2020-21]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}
| align=center | 5
| {{sort|6|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024-25|Border Gavaskar Trophy in 2024-25]]}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 12 May 2025<ref name="India Test records – Most wickets in a series">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most wickets in a series|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_series.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Hat-trick ===
In [[cricket]], a '''hat-trick''' occurs when a bowler [[Dismissal (cricket)|takes three wickets]] with consecutive [[Delivery (cricket)|deliveries]]. The deliveries may be interrupted by an [[over (cricket)|over]] bowled by another bowler from the other end of the [[Cricket pitch|pitch]] or the other team's [[innings]], but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler in the same match. Only [[wickets#Dismissing a batsman|wickets]] attributed to the bowler count towards a hat-trick; run outs do not count.

3 Indians have taken hat-tricks in Test cricket, [[Harbhajan Singh]], [[Irfan Pathan]], and [[Jasprit Bumrah]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%"
|-
! scope="col"|No.
! scope="col"|Bowler
! scope="col"|Against
! scope="col"|Inn.
! scope="col"|Test
! scope="col"|Dismissals
! scope="col"|Venue
! scope="col"|Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-
|| 1
! scope="row" | [[Harbhajan Singh]]
| {{cr|AUS}}
|| 1 || 2/3 ||
* [[Ricky Ponting]] ([[leg before wicket|lbw]])
* [[Adam Gilchrist]] ([[leg before wicket|lbw]])
* [[Shane Warne]] ([[caught|c]] [[Sadagoppan Ramesh]])
|| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India || 11 March 2001 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63920.html|title=Australia tour of India, 2000/01 – 2nd Test|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|| 2
! scope="row" | [[Irfan Pathan]]
|| {{cr|PAK}}
|| 1 || 3/3 ||
* [[Salman Butt]] ([[caught|c]] [[Rahul Dravid]])
* [[Younis Khan]] ([[leg before wicket|lbw]])
* [[Mohammad Yousuf (cricketer, born 1974)|Mohammad Yousuf]] ([[bowled|b]])
|| {{flagicon|PAK}} [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan || 29 January 2006 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/234783.html|title=India tour of Pakistan, 2005/06 – 3rd Test|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}
|| {{cr|WIN}} || 1 || 2/2 ||
* [[Darren Bravo]] ([[caught|c]] [[KL Rahul]])
* [[Shamarh Brooks]] ([[leg before wicket|lbw]])
* [[Roston Chase]] ([[leg before wicket|lbw]])
|| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Sabina Park]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], Jamaica || 31 August 2019 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/19430/game/1188629/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-test-icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021|title=India tour of West Indies, 2nd Test|date=30 August 2019 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=31 August 2019}}</ref>
|}

==Wicket-keeping records==
The [[wicket-keeper]] is a specialist [[fielding (cricket)|fielder]] who stands behind the [[stump (cricket)|stumps]] being guarded by the batsman on [[strike (cricket)|strike]] and is the only member of the fielding side allowed to wear gloves and leg pads.<ref>{{cite web|title=Law 27 – The wicket-keeper|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-wicket-keeper|publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232954/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-wicket-keeper|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>

=== Most career dismissals ===
A wicket-keeper can be credited with the dismissal of a batsman in two ways, [[caught]] or [[stumped]]. A fair catch is taken when the [[cricket ball|ball]] is caught fully within the field of play without it bouncing after the ball has touched the striker's [[cricket bat|bat]] or glove holding the bat,<ref name="Law 33">{{cite web|title=Law 33 – Caught|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/caught|publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229233205/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/caught|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Law 5">{{cite web|title=Law 5 – The Bat|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-bat|publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229233752/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the-bat|archive-date=29 December 2018}} Laws 5.6.2.2 and 5.6.2.3 state that the hand or the glove holding the bat shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat.</ref> while a stumping occurs when the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket while the batsman is out of his [[crease (cricket)|ground]] and not attempting a run.<ref>{{cite web|title=Law 39 – Stumped|url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/stumped|publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club|access-date=29 December 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229233857/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/stumped|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>
India's [[MS Dhoni]] is fifth in taking most dismissals in Test cricket as a designated wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most wicket-keeper dismissals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283791.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Dismissals
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Catches
! scope=col | Stumping
! scope=col | Dis/Inn
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 294
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align=center | 90
| align=center | 166
| align=center | 256
| align=center | 38
| align=center | 1.771
| 2005–2014
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 198
| {{sortname|Syed|Kirmani}}
| align=center | 88
| align=center | 151
| align=center | 160
| align=center | 38
| align=center | 1.311
| 1976–1986
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 176
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 96
| align=center | 160
| align=center | 16
| align=center | 1.833
| 2018–2025
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 130
| {{sortname|Kiran|More}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 90
| align=center | 110
| align=center | 20
| align=center | 1.444
| 1986–1993
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 107
| {{sortname|Nayan|Mongia}}
| align=center | 44
| align=center | 77
| align=center | 99
| align=center | 8
| align=center | 1.389
| 1994–2001
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=9 | Last updated: 25 November 2025<ref name="wicket-keeper">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most wicket-keeper career dismissals|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

[[File:Dhoni behind Stumps.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]] holds the Indian record for most dismissals among wicket keepers.<ref name="wicket-keeper"/><ref name="Indian Test Records - Wicket-keeper Catches"/>]]

=== Most career catches ===
Dhoni is seventh in taking most catches in Test cricket as a designated wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most wicket-keeper catches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283365.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Catches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 256
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align=center | 90
| align=center | 166
| 2005–2014
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 160
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 96
| 2018–2025
|-
| {{sortname|Syed|Kirmani}}
| align=center | 88
| align=center | 151
| 1976–1986
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 110
| {{sortname|Kiran|More}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 90
| 1986–1993
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 99
| {{sortname|Nayan|Mongia}}
| align=center | 44
| align=center | 77
| 1994–2001
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 25 November 2025<ref name="Indian Test Records - Wicket-keeper Catches">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most wicket-keeper career catches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_catches_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Most career stumpings ===
[[Bert Oldfield]], Australia's fifth-most capped wicket-keeper, holds the record for the most [[stumped|stumpings]] in Test cricket with 52. Indian glovemen [[Syed Kirmani]] and [[MS Dhoni]] are both equal third on 38.<ref name="Test records – Most wicket-keeper career stumpings">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most wicket-keeper career stumpings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283340.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Stumpings
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 38
| {{sortname|Syed|Kirmani}}
| align=center | 88
| align=center | 151
| 1976–1986
|-
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align=center | 90
| align=center | 166
| 2005–2014
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 20
| {{sortname|Kiran|More}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 90
| 1986–1993
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=3| 16
| {{sortname|Naren|Tamhane}}
| align=center | 21
| align=center | 35
| 1955–1961
|-
| {{sortname|Farokh|Engineer}}
| align=center | 46
| align=center | 83
| 1961–1975
|-
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 49
| align=center | 96
| 2018–2025
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 25 November 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most wicket-keeper career stumpings|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_stumpings_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most dismissals in an innings ===
Four wicket-keepers have taken seven dismissals in a single innings in a Test match—[[Wasim Bari]] of Pakistan in 1979, Englishman [[Bob Taylor (cricketer)|Bob Taylor]] in 1980, New Zealand's [[Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)|Ian Smith]] in 1991 and most recently West Indian gloveman [[Ridley Jacobs]] against Australia in 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283802.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

The feat of taking 6 dismissals in an innings has been achieved by 24 wicket-keepers on 32 occasions including 4 Indians.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wicket-keepers who have taken six wickets in an innings in a Test match|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;keeper=1;orderby=player;qualmax1=6;qualmin1=6;qualval1=fielded_dismissals;template=results;type=fielding;view=innings|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Dismissals
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center rowspan=4 | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=4 | 6
| {{sortname|Syed|Kirmani}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|NZ}}
| [[Lancaster Park|AMI Stadium]], [[Christchurch]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1976|February|5}}
|-
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]], New Zealand
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2009|April|3}}
|-
| {{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Sir Vivian Richards Stadium]], [[North Sound]], Antigua
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|July|21}}
|-
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|December|6}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_innings.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most dismissals in a match ===
Three wicket-keepers have made 11 dismissals in a Test match, Englishman [[Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963)|Jack Russell]] in 1995, South African [[AB de Villiers]] in 2013 and most recently India's [[Rishabh Pant]] against Australia in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most dismissals in a match by a wicket-keeper|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283810.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102062809/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283810.html|archive-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

The feat of making 10 dismissals in a match has been achieved by 4 wicket-keepers on 4 occasions with Wriddhiman Saha being the only Indian.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wicket-keepers who have made 10 dismissals in a Test match|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;keeper=1;orderby=dismissals;qualmax2=10;qualmin2=10;qualval2=dismissals;size=200;template=results;type=fielding;view=match|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102062607/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;keeper=1;orderby=dismissals;qualmax2=10;qualmin2=10;qualval2=dismissals;size=200;template=results;type=fielding;view=match|archive-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Dismissals
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center|1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; |11 ♠
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Adelaide Oval]], [[Adelaide]], Australia || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|December|6}}
|-
| align=center|2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; |10
| {{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}} || {{cr|RSA}} || [[Newlands Cricket Ground|Newlands]], [[Cape Town]], South Africa || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2018|January|5}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2|3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2|9
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], [[Melbourne]], Australia || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2014|December|26}}
|-
| {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[The Gabba]], [[Brisbane]], Australia || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2024|December|14}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=5|5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=5|8
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Nayan|Mongia}} || {{cr|RSA}} || [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Kingsmead]], [[Durban]], South Africa || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1996|December|26}}
|-
|| {{cr|PAK}} || [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1999|February|16}}
|-
| rowspan=3|{{sortname|MS|Dhoni}} || {{cr|AUS}} || [[WACA Ground]], [[Perth]], Australia || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2008|January|16}}
|-
|| {{cr|BAN}} || [[Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium]], [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]], Bangladesh || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2010|January|24}}
|-
|| {{cr|WIN}} || [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India || {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2011|November|22}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 19 December 2024<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most dismissals in a match by a wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_match.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 August 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most dismissals in a series ===
[[Brad Haddin]] holds the Test cricket record for the most dismissals taken by a wicket-keeper in a series. He took 29 catches during the [[2013 Ashes series]]. Indian record is held by [[Rishabh Pant]] when he made 20 dismissals during the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|Border Gavaskar Trophy in Australia in 2018]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283369.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Dismissals
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Series
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 25
|rowspan=2|{{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 10
| {{sort|2|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2024-25|Border-Gavaskar Trophy in 2024-25]]}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 20
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 8
| {{sort|2|[[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2018–19|Border Gavaskar Trophy in Australia in 2018]]}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 19
| {{sortname|Naren|Tamhane}}
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 9
| {{sort|3|[[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1954-55]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Syed|Kirmani}}
| align=center | 6
| align=center | 11
| {{sort|3|[[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1979–80]]}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 18
| [[Rishabh Pant]]
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 9
| {{sort|5|[[Indian cricket team in England in 2021|Pataudi Trophy in 2021-2022]]}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 12 May 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_series.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

==Fielding records==

=== Most career catches ===
[[File:Rahul Dravid at GQ Men Of The Year 2012 AWARD.jpg|thumb|[[Rahul Dravid]] holds the world record most catches by a fielder in Test cricket.<ref name="Most career catches by a non wicket-keeper"/>]]

[[Caught]] is one of the nine methods a batsman can be [[dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] in cricket.{{efn|In 2017, ''The Laws of Cricket'' were amended, reducing the methods of dismissals from ten to nine, with [[handled the ball]] now covered as part of [[obstructing the field]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The new cricket rule changes coming into effect from 28 September|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/20822607/the-new-cricket-rule-changes-coming-effect-september-28|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=26 September 2017|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>}} The majority of catches are caught in the [[slip (cricket)|slips]], located behind the batsman, next to the wicket-keeper, on the [[off side]] of the field. Most slip fielders are [[Batting order (cricket)|top order]] batsmen.<ref>{{cite book|first1=S.|last1=Giridhar|first2=V. J.|last2= Raghunath|year=2014|title=Mid-Wicket Tales: From Trumper to Tendulkar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPwjBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|page=2|isbn=978-81-321-1738-4|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|first=Mike|last=Selvey|author-link=Mike Selvey|title=The greatest slip catcher|url=http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/863595/the-greatest-slip-catcher|magazine=The Cricket Monthly|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=May 2015|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

England's [[Joe Root]] holds the record for the most catches in Test cricket by a non-wicket-keeper with 213, followed by Rahul Dravid of India at 209 and [[Mahela Jayawardene]] of Sri Lanka on 205. [[Jacques Kallis]] is the highest ranked South African in fourth, securing 200 catches in his Test career.<ref name="Most career catches by a non wicket-keeper">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career catches by a non wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283548.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Catches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Ct/Inn
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 209
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 163
| align=center | 299
| align=center | 0.698
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 135
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| align=center | 134
| align=center | 248
| align=center | 0.544
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 121
| [[Virat Kohli]]
| align=center | 123
| align=center | 236
| align=center | 0.512
| 2011–2025
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 115
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 200
| align=center | 366
| align=center | 0.314
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 108
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 125
| align=center | 216
| align=center | 0.500
| 1971–1987
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 5 January 2025<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career catches by a non wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most catches in a series ===
The [[English cricket team in Australia in 1920–21|1920–21 Ashes series]], in which Australia [[whitewash (sport)|whitewashed]] England 5–0 for the first time,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ashes series whitewashes|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;opposition=1;orderby=start;qualmin1=5;qualval1=won;size=100;team=2;template=results;type=team;view=series|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> saw the record set for the most catches taken by a non-wicket-keeper in a Test series. Australian [[all-rounder]] [[Jack Gregory (cricketer)|Jack Gregory]] took 15 catches in the series as well as 23 wickets.<ref>{{cite news|title=1920–21 Ashes series records – Most wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=42;type=series|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> [[Greg Chappell]], a fellow Australian all-rounder, and India's [[KL Rahul]] are equal second behind Gregory with 14 catches taken during the [[1974–75 Ashes series]] and during the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|2018 Indian tour of England]] respectively. Four players have taken 13 catches in a series on six occasions with both [[Bob Simpson (cricketer)|Bob Simpson]] and [[Brian Lara]] having done so twice and [[Rahul Dravid]] and [[Alastair Cook]] once.<ref name="Test records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket-keeper">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283632.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Catches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Series
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 14
| {{sortname|KL|Rahul}}{{dagger}}
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 9
| {{sort|1|[[Indian cricket team in England in 2018|Pataudi Trophy in 2018]]}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 13
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 8
| {{sort|2|[[Australian cricket team in India in 2004-05]]}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" | 12
| {{sortname|Eknath|Solkar}}
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 9
| {{sort|3|[[English cricket team in India in 1972-73]]}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=6| 4
! scope=row style="text-align:center;" rowspan=6| 10
| {{sortname|Ajit|Wadekar}}
| align=center rowspan=2| 4
| align=center rowspan=2| 8
| {{sort|4|[[Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 1967–68]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Eknath|Solkar}}
| {{sort|5|[[Australian cricket team in Ceylon and India in 1969–70|Australian cricket team in India in 1969–70]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 6
| {{sort|6|[[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 1993-94]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 7
| {{sort|7|[[Indian cricket team in England in 2002]]}}
|-
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Ajinkya|Rahane}}
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 6
| {{sort|8|[[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2015]]}}
|-
| align=center | 4
| align=center | 7
| {{sort|9|[[South African cricket team in India in 2015-16]]}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket-keeper|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most_catches_series.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

==All-round Records==
=== 1000 runs and 100 wickets ===
A total of 71 players have achieved the double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in their Test career.<ref>{{cite web |title=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282786.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Average Difference
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Bat Avg
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Bowl Avg
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
| {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 13.15
| align=center | 89 || align="center" | 4,095 || align="center" | 38.27 || align="center" | 348 || align="center" | 25.11 || 2012–2025
|-
| align=center | 2
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1.75
| align=center | 106 || align="center" | 3,503 || align="center" | 25.75|| align="center" | 537|| align="center" | 24.00|| 2011–2024
|-
| align=center | 3
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1.40
| align=center | 131 || align=center | 5,248 || align=center | 31.05 || align=center | 434 || align=center | 29.64 || 1978–1994
|-
| align=center | 4
| {{sortname|Irfan|Pathan}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -0.68
| align=center | 29 || align=center | 1,105 || align=center | 31.57 || align=center | 100 || align=center | 32.26 || 2003–2008
|-
| align=center | 5
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -0.84
| align=center | 44 || align=center | 2,109 || align=center | 31.47 || align=center | 162 || align=center | 32.32 || 1946–1959
|-
| align=center | 6
| {{sortname|Ravi|Shastri}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -5.16
| align=center | 80 || align=center | 3,830 || align=center | 35.79 || align=center | 151 || align=center | 40.96 || 1981–1992
|-
| align=center | 7
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -11.87
| align=center | 132 || align=center | 2,506 || align=center | 17.77 || align=center | 619 || align=center | 29.65 || 1990–2008
|-
| align=center | 8
| {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -14.23
| align=center | 103 || align=center | 2,224 || align=center | 18.22 || align=center | 417 || align=center | 32.46 || 1998–2015
|-
| align=center | 9
| {{sortname|Javagal|Srinath}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -16.28
| align=center | 67 || align=center | 1,009 || align=center | 14.21 || align=center | 236 || align=center | 30.49 || 1991–2002
|-
| align=center | 10
| {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | -20.99
| align=center | 92 || align=center | 1,231 || align=center | 11.95 || align=center | 311 || align=center | 32.94 || 2000–2014
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=9 | Last updated: 25 November 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=allround_average;qualmin1=100;qualmin2=1000;qualval1=wickets;qualval2=runs;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=allround |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Kapil dev cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Kapil Dev]] is considered the greatest [[all-rounder]] for India.]]

=== 250 runs and 20 wickets in a series ===
A total of 18 players on 24 occasions have achieved the double of 250 runs and 20 wickets in a series.<ref>{{cite web |title=250 Runs and 20 Wickets in a series |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282789.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 August 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Wickets
! scope=col | Series
|-
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center rowspan=2|6 || align=center |278 || align=center |32 || {{sort|1979|[[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1979-80|Pakistan in India in 1979-80]]}}
|-
| align=center |318 || align=center |22 || {{sort|1981|[[English cricket team in India in 1981-82|Anthony de Mello Trophy in 1981-82]]}}
|-
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| align=center |5 || align=center |306 || align=center |28 || {{sort|2016|[[English cricket team in India in 2016-17|Anthony de Mello Trophy in 2016]]}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 22 August 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=250 Runs and 20 Wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=start;qualmin1=250;qualmin2=20;qualval1=runs;qualval2=wickets;size=200;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=series |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref>
|}

==Other records==
=== Most career matches ===
{{see also|List of cricketers who have played 100 Tests}}
[[File:Tendulkar batting against Australia, October 2010 (1), cropped.jpg|thumb|Tendulkar has played the [[List of cricketers who have played 100 Tests|Most Test Matches]] (200) Highest by any player.]]
India's [[Sachin Tendulkar]] holds the record for the most Test matches played with 200, with [[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]] at second with 188 matches and former captains [[Ricky Ponting]] and [[Steve Waugh]] being joint-third with each having represented Australia on 168 occasions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career matches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283683.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Wkts
! scope=col | Period
|- bgcolor=#cee0f2
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 200
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}} ♠
| align=center | 15,921
| align=center | 46
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 163
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| align=center | 13,265
| align=center | 1
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 134
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| align=center | 8,781
| align=center | 2
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 132
| {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}}
| align=center | 2,506
| align=center | 619
| 1990–2008
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 131
| {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}}
| align=center | 5,248
| align=center | 434
| 1978–1994
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=6 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career matches|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

=== Most consecutive career matches ===
Former [[List of England cricket captains|English captain]] [[Alastair Cook]] holds the record for the most consecutive Test matches played with 159. He broke [[Allan Border]]'s long standing record of 153 matches in [[Pakistani cricket team in England in 2018|June 2018]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardner |first1=Ben |date=31 May 2018 |title='We'll be looking for other employment' – Cook |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/well-looking-employment-cook |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|wisden.com]]}}</ref> [[Sunil Gavaskar]], the Indian [[batting order (cricket)|opener]] played 106 consecutive Test matches, is fourth. The recently retired New Zealand wicket-keeper-batsman [[Brendon McCullum]], who is fifth on the list with 101 matches, is the highest ranked cricketer who never missed a Test match during his playing career. [[Rahul Dravid]], in ninth on 93, is the highest ranked Indian player to achieve the feat.<ref name="Most consecutive career matches">{{cite news|title=Most Consecutive Test matches| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283652.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 106
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| 1975–1987
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 93
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| 1996–2005
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 87
| {{sortname|Gundappa|Viswanath}}
| 1971–1983
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 84
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| 1989–2001
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 69
| {{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}
| 1989–1999
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=4 | Last updated: 3 June 2018<ref name="Most consecutive career matches"/>
|}

=== Most matches as captain ===
{{see also|List of India national cricket captains}}
[[Graeme Smith]], who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in Test cricket with 109. [[Virat Kohli]] who led the side for seven years from 2014 to 2022 is sixth on the list with 68 matches.<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most matches as captain|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283746.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Won
! scope=col | Lost
! scope=col | Tied
! scope=col | Draw
! scope=col | %Won
! scope=col | %Lost
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 68
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| align=center | 40
| align=center | 17
| align=center | 0
| align=center | 11
| align=center | 58.82
| align=center | 25
| 2014–2022
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 60
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| align=center | 27
| align=center | 18
| align=center | 0
| align=center | 15
| align=center | 45
| align=center | 30
| 2008–2014
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 49
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| align=center | 21
| align=center | 13
| align=center | 0
| align=center | 15
| align=center | 42.85
| align=center | 26.53
| 2000–2005
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 47
| {{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}
| align=center | 14
| align=center | 14
| align=center | 0
| align=center | 19
| align=center | 29.78
| align=center | 29.78
| 1990–1999
|-
| {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}}
| align=center | 9
| align=center | 8
| align=center | 0
| align=center | 30
| align=center | 19.14
| align=center | 17.02
| 1976–1985
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=10 | Last updated: 14 January 2022<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most matches as captain|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_as_captain.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
|}

=== Most wins as captain ===
{{see also|List of India national cricket captains}}
[[Graeme Smith]], who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most wins as captain in Test cricket with 53.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Wins
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 40
| align=center | 68
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| 2014–2022
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 27
| align=center | 60
| {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| 2008–2014
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 21
| align=center | 49
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}}
| 2000–2005
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 14
| align=center | 47
| {{sortname|Mohammad|Azharuddin}}
| 1990–1999
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 12
| align=center | 24
| [[Rohit Sharma]]
| 2022–2024
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="5" | Last updated: 22 September 2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=India Test records – Most wins as captain |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;groupby=captains;orderby=won;team=6;template=results;type=team |access-date=17 August 2021|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|}

====Most man of the match awards====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | M.O.M. Awards
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 14
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 200
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 11
| [[Ravindra Jadeja]]{{dagger}}
| align=center | 86
| 2012–2025
|-
| [[Rahul Dravid]]
| align=center | 163
| 1996–2012
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=3| 10
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| align=center | 106
| 2011–2024
|-
| [[Virat Kohli]]
| align=center | 123 || 2011–2025
|-
| [[Anil Kumble]]
| align=center | 132
| 1990–2008
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 4 October 2025<ref>{{cite news |title=India Test Records – Most man of the match awards |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=awards_match;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=awards |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
|}

====Most man of the series awards====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | M.O.S. Awards
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 11
| [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
| align=center | 106
| 2011–2024
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 5
| [[Virender Sehwag]]
| align=center | 103
| 2001–2013
|-
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| align=center | 200
| 1989–2013
|-
| align=center rowspan=4| 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=4| 4
| [[Harbhajan Singh]]
| align=center | 103
| 1998–2015
|-
| [[Kapil Dev]]
| align=center | 131
| 1978–1994
|-
| [[Anil Kumble]]
| align=center | 132
| 1990–2008
|-
| [[Rahul Dravid]]
| align=center | 163
| 1996–2012
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=5 | Last updated: 20 December 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=India Test Records – Most man of the series awards |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=awards_series;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=awards |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
|}

=== Youngest players on Debut ===
The youngest player to play in a Test match is claimed to be [[Hasan Raza (cricketer, born 1982)|Hasan Raza]] at the age of 14 years and 227 days. Making his debut for Pakistan [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Pakistan in 1996–97|against Zimbabwe]] on 24 October 1996, there is some doubt as to the validity of Raza's age at the time.<ref>{{cite news|title=A late starter|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149397.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> The youngest Indian to play Test cricket was [[Sachin Tendulkar]] who at the age of 16 years and 205 days debuted in the [[Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 1989–90|first Test of the series]] against Pakistan in November 1989.<ref name="Test Matches Youngest Debutant">{{cite news|title=Test records – Youngest players|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/209994.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Age
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|16 years and 205 days}}
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1989|November|15}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|17 years and 75 days}}
| {{sortname|Piyush|Chawla}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Punjab Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Mohali]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2006|March|9}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|17 years and 118 days}}
| {{sortname|Laxman|Sivaramakrishnan}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|WIN}}
| [[Antigua Recreation Ground]], [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]], Antigua
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1983|April|28}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|17 years and 152 days}}
| {{sortname|Parthiv|Patel}}
| [[Trent Bridge]], [[Nottingham]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2002|August|8}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|17 years and 193 days}}
| {{sortname|Maninder|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1982|December|23}}
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 3 December 2017<ref name="Test Matches Youngest Debutant" /><ref>{{cite web| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;debut_or_last=1;filter=advanced;orderby=age;orderbyad=reverse;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=match | publisher=ESPNcricinfo| access-date= 28 January 2021 | title= india - Youngest Players on Debut}}</ref>
|}

=== Oldest players on Debut ===
England left-arm slow bowler [[James Southerton]] is the oldest player to appear in a Test match. Playing in the [[English cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1876–77|very first inaugural test]] against Australia in 1876 at [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]], in [[Melbourne]], Australia, he was aged 49 years and 119 days. [[Rustomji Jamshedji]] is the oldest Indian Test debutant when he played his only game during the first Test of the [[English cricket team in India in 1933–34|1933–34 series]] at the [[Bombay Gymkhana]].<ref name="Oldest debutant">{{cite news|title=Test records – Oldest debutants|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283716.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Age
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|41 years and 27 days}}
| {{sortname|Rustomji|Jamshedji}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|ENG}}
| [[Bombay Gymkhana]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1933|December|15}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|40 years and 39 days}}
| {{sortname|Cotah|Ramaswami}}
| [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]], [[Manchester]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1936|July|25}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|39 years and 102 days}}
| {{sortname|Amir|Elahi}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Sydney Cricket Ground]], [[Sydney]], Australia
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1947|December|12}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|37 years and 329 days}}
| {{sortname|Keki|Tarapore}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|WIN}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1948|November|10}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|37 years and 124 days}}
| {{sortname|Shute|Banerjee}}
| [[Bombay Gymkhana]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1949|February|4}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref name="Oldest debutant"/><ref>{{cite web| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;debut_or_last=1;filter=advanced;orderby=age;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=match | publisher=ESPNcricinfo| access-date= 28 January 2021 | title= India - Oldest Players on Debut}}</ref>
|}

=== Oldest players ===
England all-rounder [[Wilfred Rhodes]] is the oldest player to appear in a Test match. Playing in the [[English cricket team in the West Indies in 1929–30|fourth Test]] against the West Indies in 1930 at [[Sabina Park]], in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], Jamaica, he was aged 52 years and 165 days on the final day's play. The oldest Indian Test player is [[Vinoo Mankad]] who was aged 41years and 300 days when he represented India for the final time in the fifth Test of the [[West Indian cricket team in India in 1958–59|1959 tour by West Indies]] at the [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], then known as Feroze Shah Kotla Stadium.<ref name="Oldest players">{{cite web|title=Test records – Oldest players|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283722.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Age
! scope=col | Player
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|1|41 years and 300 days}}
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Arun Jaitley Stadium]], [[Delhi]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1959|February|6}}
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|2|41 years and 92 days}}
| {{sortname|Lala|Amarnath}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1952|December|12}}
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|3|41 years and 27 days}}
| {{sortname|Rustomji|Jamshedji}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|ENG}}
| [[Bombay Gymkhana]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1933|December|15}}
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|4|40 years and 289 days}}
| {{sortname|CK|Nayudu}}
| [[The Oval]], [[London]], England
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1936|August|15}}
|-
| align=center | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|5|40 years and 204 days}}
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2013|November|14}}
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=7 | Last updated: 28 January 2021<ref name="Oldest players" /><ref>{{cite web| url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;debut_or_last=2;filter=advanced;orderby=age;team=6;template=results;type=allround;view=match | publisher=ESPNcricinfo| access-date= 28 January 2021 | title= India - Oldest Players}}</ref>
|}

==Partnership records==
In cricket, two batsmen are always present at the [[Crease (cricket)|crease]] batting together in a partnership. This partnership will continue until one of them is [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]], [[Substitute (cricket)#Retired hurt (or not out)|retires]] or the innings comes to a close.

===Highest partnerships by wicket===
A wicket partnership describes the number of runs scored before each wicket falls. The first wicket partnership is between the opening batsmen and continues until the first wicket falls. The second wicket partnership then commences between the [[not out]] batsman and the number three batsman. This partnership continues until the second wicket falls. The third wicket partnership then commences between the not out batsman and the new batsman. This continues down to the tenth wicket partnership. When the tenth wicket has fallen, there is no batsman left to partner so the innings is closed.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Wicket
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | First batsman
! scope=col | Second batsman
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
! scope=col | Scorecard
|-
! align=center | {{sort|01|1st wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 413
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{sortname|Pankaj|Roy}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1956|January|6}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17421/scorecard/62806/India-vs-New-Zealand-5th-Test-new-zealand-tour-of-india/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|02|2nd wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 370
| {{sortname|Murali|Vijay}}
| {{sortname|Cheteshwar|Pujara}}
| {{cr|AUS}}
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2013|March|2}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12214/scorecard/598813/India-vs-Australia-2nd-Test-australia-tour-of-india-2012-13/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|03|3rd wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 336
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Multan Cricket Stadium]], [[Multan]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|March|28}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15062/scorecard/64081/Pakistan-vs-India-1st-Test-india-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|04|4th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 365
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| {{sortname|Ajinkya|Rahane}}
| {{cr|NZ}}
| [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]], [[Indore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|October|8}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10716/scorecard/1030217/India-vs-New-Zealand-3rd-Test-nz-tour-of-india-2016-17/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|05|5th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 376
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|AUS}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|11}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15565/scorecard/63920/India-vs-Australia-2nd-Test-australia-tour-of-india-2000-01/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|06|6th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 298*
| {{sortname|Dilip|Vengsarkar}}
| {{sortname|Ravi|Shastri}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1986|October|15}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/16783/scorecard/63440/India-vs-Australia-3rd-Test-australia-tour-of-india-1986-87/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|07|7th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 280
| {{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| {{cr|WIN}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2013|November|6}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/11897/scorecard/676525/India-vs-West-Indies-1st-Test-west-indies-tour-of-india/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|08|8th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 241
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| {{sortname|Jayant|Yadav}}
| {{cr|ENG}}
| [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|December|8}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10732/scorecard/1034815/India-vs-England-4th-Test-england-tour-of-india-2016-17/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|09|9th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 149
| {{sortname|Nana|Joshi}}
| {{sortname|Ramakant|Desai}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1960|December|2}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17372/scorecard/62883/India-vs-Pakistan-1st-Test-pakistan-tour-of-india-1960-61/ Scorecard]
|-
! align=center | {{sort|10|10th wicket}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 133
| {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}}
| {{cr|BAN}}
| [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2004|December|10}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14923/scorecard/64111/Bangladesh-vs-India-1st-Test-india-tour-of-bangladesh-2004-05/ Scorecard]
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=8 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/India/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|title=India/Records/Test matches/Highest partnerships by wicket|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

===Highest partnerships by runs===
The highest Test partnership by runs for any wicket is held by the Sri Lankan pairing of [[Kumar Sangakkara]] and [[Mahela Jayawardene]] who put together a third wicket partnership of 624 runs during the [[South African cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2006|first Test]] against South Africa in July 2006. This broke the record of 576 runs set by their compatriots [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] and [[Roshan Mahanama]] against India [[Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 1997|in 1997]]. India's [[Vinoo Mankad]] and [[Pankaj Roy]] hold the 12th highest Test partnership with 413 made in 1956 [[New Zealand cricket team in India in 1955–56|against New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Highest partnerships by runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283573.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Wicket
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | First batsman
! scope=col | Second batsman
! scope=col | Opposition
! scope=col | Venue
! scope=col | Date
! scope=col | Scorecard
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| {{sort|01|1st wicket}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|01|413}}
| {{sortname|Vinoo|Mankad}}
| {{sortname|Pankaj|Roy}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Chennai]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|1956|January|6}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17421/scorecard/62806/India-vs-New-Zealand-5th-Test-new-zealand-tour-of-india/ Scorecard]
|-
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|02|410}}
| {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| rowspan=2|{{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}}
| {{cr|PAK}}
| [[Gaddafi Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2006|January|13}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/14710/scorecard/232615/Pakistan-vs-India-1st-Test-india-tour-of-pakistan-2005-06/ Scorecard]
|-
| align=center | {{sort|05|5th wicket}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|03|376}}
| {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| rowspan=2|{{cr|AUS}}
| [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2001|March|11}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/15565/scorecard/63920/India-vs-Australia-2nd-Test-australia-tour-of-india-2000-01/ Scorecard]
|-
| align=center | {{sort|02|2nd wicket}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|04|370}}
| {{sortname|Murali|Vijay}}
| {{sortname|Cheteshwar|Pujara}}
| [[Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2013|March|2}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/12214/scorecard/598813/India-vs-Australia-2nd-Test-australia-tour-of-india-2012-13/ Scorecard]
|-
| align=center | {{sort|04|4th wicket}}
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | {{sort|05|365}}
| {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| {{sortname|Ajinkya|Rahane}}
| {{cr|NZL}}
| [[Holkar Cricket Stadium]], [[Indore]], India
| {{dts|nowrap=off|format=dmy|2016|October|8}}
| [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/10716/scorecard/1030217/India-vs-New-Zealand-3rd-Test-nz-tour-of-india-2016-17/ Scorecard]
|-
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=8 | Last updated: 20 June 2020<ref>{{cite news|title=India Test records – Highest partnerships by runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_for_any_wicket.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>
|}

===Highest overall partnership runs by a pair===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Runs
! scope=col | Innings
! scope=col | Players
! scope=col | Highest
! scope=col | Average
! scope=col | 100
! scope=col | 50
! scope=col | Span
|-
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 6,920
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 143
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} & {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 249
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 50.51
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 20
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 29
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1996–2012
|-
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,412
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 87
| {{sortname|Gautam|Gambhir}} & {{sortname|Virender|Sehwag}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 233
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 52.52
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 11
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 25
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2004–2012
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,173
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 71
| {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}} & {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 281
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 61.36
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 12
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 16
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 1996–2008
|-
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,065
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 86
| {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} & {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}}
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 376
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 51.45
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 12
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 14
| scope=row style=text-align:center; |1996–2012
|-
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 3,661
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 67
| [[Virat Kohli]] & [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 365
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 56.32
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 10
| scope=row style=text-align:center; | 17
| scope=row style=text-align:center; |2013–2023
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
| scope="row" colspan=10 | ''An asterisk (*) signifies an unbroken partnership (i.e. neither of the batsmen was dismissed before either the end of the allotted overs or the required score being reached).'' Last updated: 21 July 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=fow_runs;team=6;template=results;type=fow|title=Records–Test Matches–Partnership records–Highest overall partnership runs by a pair–ESPNcricinfo|publisher=ESPN| work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Umpiring records==
===Most matches umpired===
An [[umpire (cricket)|umpire]] in cricket is a person who officiates the match according to the ''[[Laws of Cricket]]''. Two umpires adjudicate the match on the field, whilst a [[third umpire]] has access to video replays, and a [[fourth umpire]] looks after the match balls and other duties. The records below are only for on-field umpires.

[[Aleem Dar]] of Pakistan holds the record for the most Test matches umpired with 130. The current active Dar set the record in [[New Zealand cricket team in Australia in 2019–20|December 2019]] overtaking [[Steve Bucknor]] from the West Indies mark of 128 matches.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aleem Dar set to break record for most Tests as umpire|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1526681|publisher=International Cricket Council|date=11 December 2019|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> They are followed by South Africa's [[Rudi Koertzen]] who officiated in 108. The most experienced Indian is [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]] who is tenth on the list with 73 Test matches umpired.<ref name="umpires">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most matches umpired|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283783.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Rank
! scope=col | Matches
! scope=col | Umpire
! scope=col | Period
|-
| align=center | 1
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 73
| {{sortname|Srinivas|Venkataraghavan}}
| 1993–2004
|-
| align=center | 2
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 33
| {{sortname|Sundaram|Ravi}}
| 2013–2019
|-
| align=center | 3
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 30
| {{sortname|Nitin|Menon}}{{dagger}}
| 2019–2025
|-
| align=center | 4
! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 26
| {{sortname|V. K. |Ramaswamy|dab=umpire}}
| 1985–1999
|-
| align=center rowspan=2| 5
! scope=row style=text-align:center; rowspan=2| 17
| {{sortname|B. |Satyaji Rao}}
| 1961–1979
|-
| {{sortname|Swaroop|Kishen}}
| 1978–1984
|- class=sortbottom
| colspan=4 | Last updated: 12 June 2023<ref name="umpires"/>
|}

==See also==

*[[List of Test cricket records]]
*[[List of India One Day International cricket records]]
*[[List of India Twenty20 International records]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Cricket|Sports|World|1930s}}
{{India national cricket team}}
{{Cricket in India}}
{{Cricket records}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India Test cricket records}}
[[Category:Test cricket records|India]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian cricket records and statistics|Test cricket records]]

T. Mohandas Pai

2025-11-25T04:54:06Z

Advsunilnshah: created some info v1

{{Short description|Indian business executive (1933–2022)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tonse Mohandas Pai
| birth_name = Tonse Mohandas Pai
| birth_date = 20 June 1933
| death_date = 31 July 2022 (aged 89)
| death_place = [[Udupi]], [[Karnataka]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Pune]]
| occupation = Business executive and philanthropist
| mother = Sharada Pai
| father = [[T. M. A. Pai]]
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Ramdas Pai]] (brother)
* [[T. A. Pai]] (cousin)
* [[Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai|Ramesh Pai]] (cousin)}}
}}

'''Tonse Mohandas Pai''' (20 June 1933{{Spnd}}31 July 2022) was an Indian business executive who was the founder of the [[Kannada]]-language daily ''[[Udayavani]]''. He has been referred to as the 'architect of modern [[Manipal]]' for his contributions to the development of the South Indian city.

== Early life ==
Pai was the eldest son of [[T. M. A. Pai]], [[Padma Shri]] awardee and founder of the [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal group of institutions]]. He was born on 20 June 1933 into the family with ten siblings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=Head of Kannada daily Udayavani T Mohandas Pai passes away at 89 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/head-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away-at-89-8069100/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803180056/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/head-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away-at-89-8069100/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=31 July 2022 |title=T. Mohandas Pai, architect of modern Manipal, passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/t-mohandas-pai-architect-of-modern-manipal-passes-away/article65708540.ece |access-date=6 August 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802161932/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/t-mohandas-pai-architect-of-modern-manipal-passes-away/article65708540.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |title=India: Manipal businessman T Mohandas Pai passes away at 89 |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/asia/india-manipal-businessman-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away-at-89 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802063932/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/asia/india-manipal-businessman-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away-at-89 |url-status=live }}</ref> He completed his schooling in the southern Indian city of [[Udupi]] from the Udupi Board School, and followed this with his intermediate level education from the [[Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College|MGM college]] in Udupi. He later went to [[Kolhapur]], in present day [[Maharashtra]], to obtain a degree in law from the [[University of Pune]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yamini C S |date=1 August 2022 |title=T Mohandas Pai, founder of Kannada daily 'Udayavani', passes away at 89 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/t-mohandas-pai-founder-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-passes-away-at-89-101659333560121.html |access-date=6 August 2022 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804164923/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/t-mohandas-pai-founder-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-passes-away-at-89-101659333560121.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He is a [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]].

== Career ==
Pai returned to [[Manipal]] in 1953 after his studies and started with some of the organizations that his father had set up. He started as the general manager with Canara Land Investments, which was run by his family. He also took on leadership of the Manipal Power Press as its managing partner. He is credited with introduction of automatic typesetting and contributing to the press's modernization in the 1960s.<ref name=":3" /> He later set up ''[[Udayavani]]'', a Kannada-language daily.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> He was also noted to have introduced modern printing machinery and advancing the Manipal Media Network.<ref name=":2" />

As a patron of the arts, he set up institutions in coastal Karnataka, including MGM [[Yakshagana]] Kendra, Regional Resources Centre for Folk Performing Arts, and the Rashtrakavi Govindapai Research Centre.<ref name=":0" /> Pai was also the chairman and director of ICDS limited, a [[Non-banking financial companies|non-banking financial company]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kannada daily 'Udayavani' founder T Mohandas Pai passes away at 89 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/founder-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away/articleshow/93264419.cms |access-date=6 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803062706/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/founder-of-kannada-daily-udayavani-t-mohandas-pai-passes-away/articleshow/93264419.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Udupi: Dr TMA Pai's legacy, Udayavani founder T Mohandas M Pai passes away at 89 |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=984815 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806183204/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=984815 |url-status=live }}</ref> For his contributions to the development of the city of Manipal, he has been referred to as the 'architect of modern Manipal'.<ref name=":1" /> Building on his father's initial efforts in setting up Manipal as an education, medicine, and finance hub, Pai contributed to the city's sustained growth.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title='Dr T M A Pai, Dr T A Pai brought changes in lives of many' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/614902/dr-t-m-pai-dr.html |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He partnered with entrepreneur Vijayanath Shenoy to set up a heritage village in Manipal.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hasta Shilpa Kala Village – Indian Rich Heritage Story and Culture |url=https://www.karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/manipal-museum-of-anatomy-and-pathology/ |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=Karnataka Tourism |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pai was also the president of the [[T. M. A. Pai|T. M. A. Pai foundation]] focused on promoting [[Konkani literature]] and community growth initiatives in the Manipal region.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. TMA Pai Foundation Manipal – Best Konkani Book Award |url=https://drtmapaifoundation.com/ |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=drtmapaifoundation.com}}</ref>

== Death ==
Pai died in [[Udupi]] on 31 July 2022, at the age of 89.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pai, T. Mohandas}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian business executives]]

Chejerla, Palnadu district

2025-11-22T03:06:25Z

Advsunilnshah: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chejerla
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption = 
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|16|18|59|N|79|50|58|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nekarikallu
| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archivedate=18 August 2017 |page=110 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Chejarla [[Grama panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = 
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Palnadu |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_Palnadu.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=7 May 2019 |pages=14,300 }}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 1656
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668197 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 4094
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 522xxx
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Chejarla''' is a village in [[Palnadu district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Nekarikallu mandal of [[Narasaraopet revenue division]].<ref name=census />

== History ==

[[File:Amvar chejarla temple Guntur.jpg|thumb|250px|Amvar chejarla temple [[Guntur district]]]]
The village of Chejerla stands in the plains, surrounded by rocky hills, and covered by scrub jungle. The temple here is dedicated to Lord Siva, known as Kapotheswara, and dates back to the 4th or 5th century AD.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CeEmpfmbxKEC |title=Indian Hist (Opt)| year=2006 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-063577-7 }}</ref> The legend behind the deity reflects a powerful story of charity and sacrifice.
King Sibhi Chakravarthi, renowned for his charity (dāna), planned to perform a Siva Homam at this site. To test his resolve, the Trimurti—Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu, and Lord Shiva—appeared in different forms: Brahma as a willow, Vishnu as a dove (kapotham), and Shiva as a hunter (boya). The dove, seeking refuge from the hunter, pleaded for protection from King Sibhi. The hunter demanded the king give exactly the dove's weight in flesh from his own body in exchange for sparing its life. True to his promise, Sibhi began offering his flesh, and just as he was about to cut the final piece, the Trimurti revealed themselves in their divine forms, deeply impressed by Sibhi's compassion and charity. Chejerla’s Kapotheswara Swamy Temple is considered unique, possibly the only temple in India dedicated to Lord Siva in this form. The deity here is a rare representation of Siva as Kapotheswara, Lord Sibhi, embodying self-sacrifice. The temple is significant not only for its religious importance but also for its unique architectural style.<ref>{{Cite book| last1=Rao| first1=Dr. P. Purnachandra| title=Chronicle of Guntur District Tourism| year=2023| publisher=[[Acharya Nagarjuna University]]| edition= 1| location=Guntur| page=31}}</ref>

Moved by his selflessness, they offered Sibhi a boon. The king requested that they stay at this place in the form of a Linga. Thus, the Linga at the Kapotheswara Temple is said to represent Sibhi’s headless body, with wounds on the Linga symbolizing the places from which he cut off his own flesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/india/andhrapradesh/guntur/history |title=Guntur Culture |publisher=World66.com |date=2007-02-27 |accessdate=2016-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005032957/http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/india/andhrapradesh/guntur/history |archive-date=5 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
It is said that if the Linga is not cleaned regularly with water, it emits the smell of flesh (referred to as "neesu smell"), a phenomenon believed by devotees to be proof that Kapotheswara Swamy’s body remains alive in the form of the Linga. Beyond this, Chejerla hosts several other notable shrines, including the Kshetra Palaka Hanuman Temple and a temple dedicated to Kumaraswamy. Visitors interested in historical and powerful temples are encouraged to visit, though the temple is currently in need of more recognition and support for its upkeep.<ref>{{Cite book| last1=Rao| first1=Dr. P. Purnachandra| title=Chronicle of Guntur District Tourism| year=2023| publisher=[[Acharya Nagarjuna University]]| edition= 1| location=Guntur| page=32}}</ref> This story is significant not only in Hindu mythology but also in the Buddhist [[Jataka tales]], which recount the previous lives of [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha]], the Buddha. The story of Sibi Chakravarti, known as the Sibi Jataka, is revered in both traditions as a symbol of supreme 'Raja Dharma'—the duty of a king to protect a refugee at any cost. Historical evidence suggests that the site once hosted a Buddhist monastery, later converted into a Hindu shrine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/selectandhratemp023040mbp |title=Select Andhra Temples : Dr.M.R.Rao : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |date= 1970|publisher=Govt of A.p. |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref>

[[File:Amvar Chejerla Kapoteswara temple in guntur district.jpg|thumb|Amvar Chejerla Kapoteswara temple in guntur district]]
The Kapotheswara Temple is built in an unusual apsidal (Hasti prasta) style, an architectural form originally associated with Buddhist chaityas. The apsidal end of the temple houses a white marble Linga in its center. Historical evidence indicates that the temple was constructed during a period of religious harmony between Hinduism and Buddhism, with influences from both traditions reflected in its architecture.<ref>{{cite web|author=whatisindia.com |url=http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_16/stones_51_to_75.html |title=South Indian Inscriptions Volume_16 – Telugu Inscriptions of the Vijayanagara Dynasty @ |publisher=Whatisindia.com |date=2007-03-06 |accessdate=2016-01-16}}</ref> Another example of this apsidal style is the [[Trivikrama Temple]] at [[Ter, Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahir |first1=D. C. |title=Buddhism in South India |date=1992 |publisher=South Asia Books |isbn=9788170303329 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WH0EAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}</ref>

== Governance ==

Chejerla [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 3 [[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]]/[[Mandal Parishad Primary School|MPP schools]].<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls# |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |accessdate=7 May 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416174708/https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]
[[Category:Buddhism in India]]
[[Category:Articles expanded in Collaboration with ANU, Guntur]]

Karsha Monastery

2025-11-07T03:40:56Z

Advsunilnshah: Started initial stub from scratch

{{Short description|Tibetan Buddhist monastery at Pensi-la, Ladakh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{redirect|Kursha|the legendary Georgian hunting dog|Q'ursha}}
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name = Karsha Monastery
|image =Karsha Gompa Full View Zanskar Ladakh Oct22 A7C 04024.jpg

|alt =
|caption = Karsha Gompa in the Padum Valley
|map_type = India Ladakh
|coordinates = {{coord|33|32|3.78|N|76|54|25.35|E|type:landmark_region:IN-JK|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location within India
|location= Pensi La, [[Padum Valley]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]]
|founded_by = [[Phagspa Shesrab]]
|founded =
|sect =[[Gelug]]
|dedicated_to =
|head_lama =
|architecture =
|festivals= Karsha Gostor
|footnotes =
}}

'''Karsha Monastery''' or '''Karsha Gompa''' is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monastery in the Padum Valley of the [[Zanskar]] region of the union territory of [[Ladakh]] in northern [[India]]. The [[Doda River]] flows past the monastery from its source at the [[Drang Drung Glacier]] of the [[Pensi La]] ({{convert|14500|ft|m}}). It was founded by the translator Phagspa Shesrab.<ref name=Kharsha>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhist-temples.com/buddhist-monastery/ladakh/karsha.html|title=Karsha Monastery|publisher=Buddhist-temples.com|access-date=20 November 2009}}</ref><ref name=Handa>{{Cite book|last=Handa|first= Omacanda|title= Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|work=Kursha Monastery|page=63|access-date=2009-11-19|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC&pg=PA238 |publisher= Indus Publishing|year=2001|isbn=9788173871245}}</ref><ref name=human>{{cite web|url=http://princetourskashmir.com/zanskar.aspx|title=Zanskar|access-date=2009-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319074314/http://www.princetourskashmir.com/Zanskar.aspx|archive-date=19 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rs?|date=February 2023}} The monastery, also known by the name Karsha Chamspaling, was founded by Phagspa Shesrab, under the Gelugpa Order or Yellow Hats.<ref name=Kharsha/><ref name=advent>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventurestrek.com/culture_tour.html|title=Culture tour Ladakh and Zanskar|access-date=2009-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707090257/http://www.adventurestrek.com/culture_tour.html|archive-date=7 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rs?|date=February 2023}} It is 11 km north of [[Padum]] in [[Zanskar River]] valley.

==History==
[[File:Mural Karsha Gompa Oct22 A7C 03980.jpg|thumb|left|Mural inside the gompa]]
[[File:Prayer Wheel Detail Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03960.jpg|thumb|left|Detail on prayer wheel]]
Karsha is the largest and most important monastery in [[Zanskar]]. It is attributed to [[Padmasambhava]], and there are ancient rock-carvings at the site. The oldest remaining structure, an [[Avalokiteshvara]] temple, Chuk-shik-jal, contains wall paintings which seem to associate it with the era of [[Rinchen Zangpo]] (958–1055).<ref>Rizvi (1998), p. 254.</ref>

The monastery is under the control of the younger brother of the Dalai Lama. Behind his seat in the chapel is a statue of Lhaso Cho Rinpoche, brought from Lhasa in the 1960s, with a golden crown decorated with carnelian and turquoise.<ref>Schettler (1981), pp. 173-174.</ref> The most important festival, known as the Karsha Gustor, is held with masked cham dances on the 26th to the 29th day of the 11th Tibetan month, which is usually in January.<ref>Schettler (1981), p. 174.</ref>

Mons of the Khesa race were dominant in the past in the region of western [[Himalayas]]. The Mons have been [[Buddhist]] in the region from the time of the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan dynasty]], established by [[Emperor Kanishka]]. Mons, the dominant population in the Zanskar valley, and are said to belong to an [[Aryan race]] linked to Kaniskha’s period as their features do not match those of the local tribes or the [[Mongols|Mongolian]]s. Mons are credited with building 30 monasteries, chortens and temples, including the Kursha Monastery in the main Zanskar valley; some of the other monasteries they built are: Teta, Muni, Phugtal, Pune, Burdal, Togrimo, Padum, Pipting, Tondhe, Zangla, Linshot and Sumda.<ref>Handa p.64</ref> Gelugpa monastery is another important monastery in Khursha village, which has an excellent display of mural arts.<ref name=human/>

==Structure==
[[File:Multilevel Buildings Car Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03966.jpg|thumb|Multiple tiers of buildings]]
[[File:Facade Main Building Karsha Gompa Oct22 A7C 03972.jpg|thumb|South facade of main building at the top]]
[[File:Trident Roof Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 04004.jpg|thumb|Trident on roof at the top]]
The monastery, the largest monastery of Zanskar, has a number of shrines and has been embellished with exquisite paintings by the Lama [[Rechung Dorje Drakpa|Dzadpa Dorje]].<ref name=Kharsha/> It also houses the relics of Dorje Rinchen. 100 monks reside in this monastery. The popular festival held in the monastery precincts is called the Gustor festival, celebrated between the 26th and 29th day of the sixth month of the Tibetan calendar, when events such as the sacred masked cham dance take place.<ref name=Kharsha/> The monastery also has bone relics of Dorje Rinchen and serves as the residence of approximately 100 monks.<ref name=Kharsha/>

Other temples built close to the monastery are Thugsjechhenpoi Lhakhang and the Lhakhang Karpo.<ref name=Kharsha/> Other Monasteries in the vicinity are the Khagsar Monastery, Purang Monastery and Phagspa Monastery.<ref name=Kharsha/> Dorjee Zong Nunnery, founded in the 14th century and one of the oldest monastic centres in Zanskar, is located at the top of the valley.<ref name=tnp>{{cite web|url=https://tnp.org/tag/dorjee-zong-nunnery/|title=Dorjee Zong Nunnery|publisher=Tibetan Nuns Project|access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> In the nunnery, a sacred image of 11-headed [[Avalokiteśvara|Avaloketeshvara]] is deified.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

In the Karsha monastery there is a cloth painting, unfolded by the Lamas, which is intricately embroidered in gold and colourful threads on an orange cloth, which depicts Buddha surrounded by his tutelary deities.<ref name=Oliver>{{Cite book|last =Oliver|first=Paul|title=Shelter, sign, & symbol|work=Kharsha Monastery|page=70|access-date=2009-11-20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_xOAAAAMAAJ&q=Kharsha+Monastery|publisher=Overlook Press|year=1977|isbn=9780879510688}}</ref>

:"It [Karsha] was built against the craggy hillside like a massive white fortress, with deep-set, black-edged windows. From a distance, village, ''gompa'' and mountainside were fused together, ... It was a medieval world. Lamas of all ages gossiped and giggled, lounging on the steps in front of heavy wooden doors with iron studs. In the evening sun the angles of the roof and squared lintels cast black-and-white shadows in geometrical patterns. Mastiffs still sheltering from the day's heat stretched out in shady corners squalid with ''gompa'' debris - old bones, pieces of cloth, and the odd tattered boot. Despite the midsummer warmth the old lamas' maroon cloaks were of heavy tweed. The cheeky, shaven-headed boys wore their cotton cloaks slipped off one shoulder and their yellow hats at a rakish angle. A bearskin hung above the door into the main shrine, its massive head loured from above as though it might at any minute bare its fangs.
:Lamas wearing red and yellow robes and brocade hats sat in lines to chant the evening prayers. Serving lamas, two to each heavy copper kettle, moved up and down pouring salt tea. Ibex heads looked down from the ceiling, and there was a banner depicting running deer, yaks and a leopard, partially hidden by dust and cobwebs. Murals illuminating scenes from the life of the Buddha glowed with rich pigments, and multicoloured ''tsampa'' and ''ghi'' offerings were displayed like exotic wedding cakes. The last rays of the sun glinted off the gold brocade in the altar cloth and off the rows of ''thankas''. Images of the Buddha, three times the size of man, stood above the altar, dominating the theatrical scene. Trumpets blasted, cymbals clashed and conch shells were blown through cupped hands, the sound escaped through the closed windows and curtained doorways into the courtyards and out across the valley."<ref>Noble (1991), pp. 101-102.</ref>

===Chorten===
[[File:Zanskar padum Padum.jpg|thumb|left|The chorten, near Padum, on the Doda plain on way to Kursha gompa, Zanskar valley]]

A [[chorten]] in the precincts of Kursha monastery houses the mummified body of an incarnate lama called the Rinchen Zangpo, sealed in a silver-lined wooden box. During the Indo-Pakistan war, the silver sheet covering of the chorten was ransacked, which resulted in exposure of the wooden frame work of the reliquary. It was later refurbished and painted.<ref name=advent/><ref name=handa>{{Cite book|last=Handa|first=O. C.|title= Buddhist Monasteries of Himachal|work=Kusha Monastery|pages=231–232|access-date=2009-11-19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbeRDnz8h7oC&pg=PA231|publisher= Indus Publishing|year=2004|isbn= 9788173871702}}</ref>

[[Chortens]] not only represent various stages of the spiritual attainments of [[Sakyamuni Buddha]], as a memorial structure but also intern the physical body of ([[Buddha]] [[kapala]]). In the dome of the chorten, in addition to the mortal remains of saints and lamas, their spiritual elements are also said to be infused. Chorten are identified with a perfect human body.<ref name=handa/>

==Geography==
[[File:Karsha Village Padum Valley Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03956.jpg|thumb|300px|Gompa overlooks tri-armed valley, Karsha village in foreground. View to the south.]]
Karsha is at the confluence of the Lungtsi river, which raises from the Lingti peak of Doda basin that forms the [[Zanskar River]]. Zanskar takes a turn at Karsha and flows in a northwesterly direction to eventually join the [[Indus River]] near Nimmu in [[Ladakh]]. Below the Khlangpu peak ({{convert|5160|m|ft}}) of the Zanskar hill range, the river flows in deep ravines near Karsha monastery. It is in this stretch of the Zanskar river in the Lungti and the Doda valleys that there is a maximum concentration of villages.<ref name=Handa/>

==Visitor information==
It is a highly revered monastery in Khurshan village, which is {{convert|14|km|mi}}) from Padum village. The village has a market, school, a dispensary, and post and telegraph offices.<ref name=human/> Interesting information for visitors to the village is of the facilities available for river rafting in the Zanskar river; it is a five hours ride on a very rough river, in the gorge portion of the Zanskar river called the "Grand Canyon" of Asia, in freezing cold conditions. The rafting starts from Remala and ends in Karsha village near Padum ({{convert|30|km|mi}}) rafting in the river in ‘Rapids of Class II category’ considered suitable for beginners); after completing the rafting, a short walk from the camp would lead to the Karsha monastery for an evening prayer.<ref name=human/> Zanskar valley is closed from November to May due to heavy snow conditions.

[[Leh]] is the nearest airport; while [[Srinagar]] is also another airport that could be used.<ref name=jamyang>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamyang.org/docs/Zangskar.pdf |title=Zangskar |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=Jamyang Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050223031356/http://jamyang.org/docs/Zangskar.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2005 }}</ref> Kargil ({{convert|6|km|mi}}) from Pakistan border) is at a distance of a {{convert|240|km|mi}}) from Padum, which is a further {{convert|14|km|mi}}) away from the monastery.<ref name=jamyang/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pensi_La|title=Pensi La}}</ref> Karsha is now accessible directly from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] via the new [[Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road]] that goes over the [[Shingo La]] pass separating [[Lahaul]] and [[Zanskar]].

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Entrance Karsha Gompa Mountains Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03954.jpg|Entrance arch at top of staircase
File:Buddha Karsha Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03928.jpg|Buddha statue near Karsha
File:Plaque Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03974.jpg|Information plaque (ZDA)
File:Prayer Wheel Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03959.jpg|Prayer wheel
File:Roof Detail Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03977.jpg|Roof made of willow branches
File:Prayer Hall Karsha Gompa Zanskar Oct22 A7C 03981.jpg|Main prayer hall
</gallery>

== See also==

* [[All Ladakh Gonpa Association#List|List of buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
* [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
* Handa, O. C. (1987). ''Buddhist Monasteries in Himachal Pradesh''. Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-85182-03-5}}. New Edition 1996. {{ISBN|978-81-85182-03-2}}.
* Handa, O. C. (2005). ''Buddhist Monasteries of Himachal.'' Indus Publishing Co., New Delhi. {{ISBN|978-81-7387-170-2}}.
*Noble, Christina. (1991). ''At Home in the Himalayas''. Fontana, London. {{ISBN|0-00-637499-9}}.
* Rizvi, Janet. 1998. ''Ladakh, Crossroads of High Asia''. Oxford University Press. 1st edition 1963. 2nd revised edition 1996. 3rd impression 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
* Osada, Yukiyasu, Gavin Allwright and Atushi Kanamaru. (2000). ''Mapping the Tibetan World''. Reprint 2004. Kotan Publishing. Tokyo, Japan. {{ISBN|0-9701716-0-9}}.
* Schettler, Margaret & Rolf (1981). ''Kashmir, Ladakh & Zanskar''. Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. {{ISBN|0-908086-21-0}}.
{{Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh}}

[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Gelug monasteries and temples]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and temples in India]]

Khandrawali

2025-10-05T08:52:28Z

Advsunilnshah: Started basic bio nd citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khandrawali
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29|23|19.68|N|77|16|45.48|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shamli district|Shamli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 242
| population_total = 8871
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = Auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 247775
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0-1392
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP]] 19
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Khandrawali''' is a large village located in [[Shamli|Kairana]] tehsil of [[Shamli district]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

== Geography ==
Nearby settlement include [[Shamli]] (7 km), [[Kairana]] (7 km), [[Kandhla]] (7km), [[Panipat]] (30 km), [[Karnal]] (45 km), [[Meerut]] (60 km), [[Delhi]] Border (75 km), [[Muzaffarnagar]] (45 km), [[Saharanpur]] (75 km) and [[Baraut]] (35 km).

Most of the population are from dominant '''Chauhan Gurjar''' khap consisting of 84 villages popularly known as "Chourasi ke Chauhan".

It is situated between two canals. East Yamuna Canal lies to the east and Chhoti Nahar canal lies to the west. Nearby villages include Keri salha, Alipur, [[Jahazpur|Jahanpur]], Aldi, Gujjarpur, [[Fatehpur Sikri|Fatehpur]], [[Malakpur]], Erti, [[Kandela]], Lilon, Braham Kheda, [[Lohanipur torso|Loharipur]], Beenra, Meemla Garhi, [[Rasoolpur, Shamli|Rasoolpur]], Gujran Balwa, Jasala, Panjokhra, Kiwana, Matlnawli,

== Demographics ==
As of census 2011, Khandrawali had population of 8,871 of which 4,764 are males while 4,107 are females. Children aged 0-6 number 1540, 17.36% of the total. The average sex ratio is 862, lower than the state average of 912. The child sex ratio is 925, higher than Uttar Pradesh average of 902. In 2011, the literacy rate was 69.96% compared to 67.68% for Uttar Pradesh. Male literacy stands at 78.94% while female literacy rate was 52.87%.

== Economy ==
The main occupation is agriculture led by sugarcane.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khandrawali Village in Kairana (shamli) Uttar Pradesh {{!}} villageinfo.in|url=https://villageinfo.in/uttar-pradesh/shamli/kairana/khandrawali.html|website=villageinfo.in|accessdate=14 January 2017}}</ref>

There are six mosques and four temples in the village.
The village has a police chowki of Kandhla police station to secure of security of village people and daily passengers. [[Police chowki khandrawali|Police chowki Khandrawali]] is situated nearby [[khandrawali Bus stand]] and [[Khandrawali railway station]].

== Transport ==
A railway station sits on the [[Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line|Delhi-Shamli-Saharanpur line.]]

The [[National Highway 709B (India)|Delhi-Saharanpur National Highway 709B]] runs nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Shamli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Shamli district]]

K. Kalyanasundaramier

2025-09-13T22:19:02Z

Advsunilnshah: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

'''K. Kalyanasundaramier''' (also spelt '''Kalyanasundaram Iyer''') was a leading advocate, philanthropist and Indian politician from [[Thanjavur|Tanjore]] who served as a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] from the Municipalities seat from 1892 to 1897.<ref name="madrasp231">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QztuAAAAMAAJ | title=Madras district gazetteers, Volume 1 | publisher=Superintendent, Government Press | author=Hemingway, F. R. | year=1907 | pages=231}}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born somewhere in the 1840s. He lost his father at a very young age and was brought up by his mother, Alamelu, in his native village of [[Kathiramangalam]]. It is believed{{by whom|date=September 2018}} his initial K. stands for his native village.

Through sheer hard work he ended up completing law studies and, though a late entrant to the law practice, went on to become a leading advocate in Tanjore becoming not only successful and wealthy but also a well-respected [[nobleman]] in that region, especially in Tanjore and in the villages of Kathiramangalam and [[Nannilam]].

In 1891, he donated land in Tanjore for a new school, which was subsequently named after him, the Kalyanasundaram Higher Secondary School (KHSS) which is still in operation. He was an admirer and good friend of [[U. V. Swaminatha Iyer|Dr. U. V. Swaminatha Iyer]]; Dr. Swaminatha Iyer’s autobiography ''En Sarithiram'', refers to this bond and to his 1892 visit to Kathiramangalam to attend the [[Grihapravesha|gruhapravesam]] of Kalyanasundarmier's newly built home.

== Political career ==
In 1892, Kalyanasundaramier was nominated to the [[Madras Legislative Council]] from the Municipalities seat ahead of [[S. A. Saminatha Iyer|Rao Bahadur S.A. Saminatha Iyer]]. He would go on to be nominated from the same seat for the next 3 terms, serving the council until 1897.

In 1893, he succeeded Rao Bahadur S.A. Saminatha Iyer as the Chairman of the Tanjore municipal council.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} In 1896, he is credited with having introduced an individual bill in the Madras Legislative Council.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} In 1897, he built a hall ([[mandapam]]) for the ''dakshina thirupathi venkatesa perumal koil'' in Kathiramangalam in the name of his mother. He is reputed{{how|date=September 2018}} to have dug a few wells in Kathiramangalam and built a road from the village to the main Kumbakonam-[[Mayiladuthurai]] road, all out of his own pockets.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

== Personal life ==
He had at least two sons, K. Ramaratnam Aiyer, B.A. and K. Balasubramaniam Aiyer. K. Ramaratnam Aiyer was a Tamil scholar who, amongst others, wrote an early modern day commentary on [[Kuruntokai]] which was edited and published in Kalanilayam weekly between April–December 1930 by T.N. Seshachalam Iyer.

Kalyanasundaramier died sometime in the late 1890s at the age of 54.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | title=Madras Legislative Council; Its constitution and working between 1861 and 1909| author=K. C. Markandan| year=1964| publisher=S. Chand & CO|pages=51}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalyanasundaramier, K.}}
[[Category:1840s births]]
[[Category:1890s deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Politicians from Thanjavur district]]

Raj Ratna

2025-08-31T15:08:11Z

Advsunilnshah: starting a stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
'''Raj Ratna''' (also '''Raj Ratan''' or '''Rajya Ratna''';literally ''Gem of the [[:wikt:raj|Raj]]'') was a title of high honour, a [[civilian award]], which was prevalent in the [[princely state]]s of India during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="j"/><ref name="McClenaghan1996"/>

==History==

''Raj Ratna'' awards were given by rulers of the mostly [[Hindu]] [[princely states]] of India to distinguished citizens of their kingdoms. The title was bestowed with a gold coin medallion.<ref name="a"/><ref name="j"/><ref name="kirtimandir"/>

The second-highest civilian award was the [[Raj Bhushan]] (literally ''Ornament of the [[:wikt:raj|Raj]]''), which was given with a silver coin medallion.<ref name="a"/>

The titles and awards of ''Raj Ratna'' and ''Raj Bhushan'' came to an end around 1949, with the amalgamation of almost all of the princely states into the [[Dominion of India]]. The highest civilian award in modern India is the [[Bharat Ratna]], followed by the [[Padma Vibhushan]], [[Padma Bhushan]], and [[Padma Shri]].

==Notable people awarded the title of Raj Ratna==
[[File:Nanji Kalidas Mehta Marg - Junagadh - Gujarat - DSC0001.jpg|thumb|Raja Ratna Shri Nanji Kalidas Mehta Marg in [[Junagadh]], [[Gujarat]] mentioning title Raj Ratna in prefix on a road named after him.]]

*[[Nanji Kalidas Mehta]], [[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire|M.B.E.]] – awarded by [[Porbandar State]]<ref name="c"/>
* [[Dinshaw Ratanji Daboo]], member of the Baroda Legislative Council – awarded by [[Baroda State]], 1936<ref name="a"/>
* [[Jagannath Bhandari]], lawyer and [[Dewan]] of [[Idar State|Idar]] – awarded by [[Idar State]], 1933<ref name="j"/><ref name="WorldBio1948"/>

== See also ==

* [[Navaratnas]]

== References ==

<references>
<ref name="a">{{cite book |title=The Indian Co-operative Review |volume=8 |year=1942 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9c9AAAAYAAJ&q=raj+ratna |page=169 |quote=Rattanji Daboo, Dinshaw, Raj Ratna, B.A., Zamindar; b. 25th September, 1835; [...] Awarded 'Raj Bhusan' and a silver medal 1927; title of 'Raj Ratna' with a gold medal and 'Poshak' by the Baroda Government, 1936.}}</ref>

<ref name="c">{{cite web |url=http://www.mehtagroup.com/founder_profile.html |title=Founder profile |quote=Nanjibhai was honoured during his lifetime by the British Government with the title of M.B.E. for his work in Uganda. His Highness Maharana Shri Natvarsinghji of Porbandar conferred on him the title of Raj Ratna. |website=mehtagroup.com |accessdate=2015-09-08}}</ref>

<ref name="j">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xacSAAAAIAAJ&q=Raj.Ratan |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's Who |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company |year=1945 |volume=32 |page=1065 |accessdate=2020-01-24}}</ref>

<ref name="kirtimandir">{{cite web |url=http://www.kirtimandir.org/aboutkirtimandir.html |title=【お悩み】人工芝、継ぎ目がみえないように敷く方法がわかりません！ | 人工芝の「困ったあるある」解決サイト！【シバシバパニック】 | ...efforts of the late Maharaja of Porbandar, Shri Natavarsinhji, and Rajaratna Shri Manjibhai Kalidas Mehta and.. |publisher=kirtimandir.org |accessdate=2015-09-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103163201/http://www.kirtimandir.org/aboutkirtimandir.html |archivedate=2015-01-03}}</ref>

<ref name="McClenaghan1996">{{cite book |author=Tony McClenaghan |title=Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States |date=1996 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=9781897829196 |pages=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQdZlHJ2WTAC&pg=PA61 |accessdate=2017-08-23}}</ref>

<ref name="WorldBio1948">Jagannath Bhandari...Resumed law practice, 1922; appointed Dewan of Idar State, 1931. Given title of Ral Bahadur by Government in June 1933, and Raj Ratna by the Maharaja Sahib Bahadur, August 1933. World biography, Volume 1, 1948</ref>

</references>

[[Category:Civil awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Awards disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of British India]]
[[Category:Men's social titles]]
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Honorifics]]
[[Category:Prefixes]]

2018 Punjab provincial election

2025-08-14T16:10:38Z

Advsunilnshah: Created The Article More To Come...

{{Short description|none}}
{{for|List of elected members of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|List of members of the 17th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2018 Punjab provincial election
| country = Punjab, Pakistan
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2013 Punjab provincial election
| previous_year = 2013
| next_election = 2024 Punjab provincial election
| next_year = 2024
| seats_for_election = 297 out of 371 seats in the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Punjab Assembly]]{{efn|name=seats|66 seats are reserved for women and 8 are reserved for non-Muslims filled through [[Proportional representation|PR]]}}
| majority_seats = 186
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the Pakistani general election, 2018#Punjab
| elected_mps = List of members of the 17th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
| election_date = 25 July 2018
| turnout = 56.44% ({{decrease}}1.78%)
| reporting =
| last_update =
| time_zone =
| image2 = [[File:Hamza Shahbaz (cropped).png|150x150px]]
| leader2 = [[Hamza Shahbaz]]
| party2 = Pakistan Muslim League (N)
| color2 =
| leaders_seat2 = [[Constituency PP-159 (Lahore-XXIII)|Lahore-XXIII]]
| last_election2 = '''313 seats, 40.77%'''
| popular_vote2 = 10,550,406
| percentage2 = 31.88%
| seats2 = 164
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 149
| swing2 = {{decrease}}8.89[[Percentage point|pp]]
| leader1 = [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]]
| party1 = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
| leaders_seat1 = [[PP-217 Multan-VII|Multan-VII]] (''lost'')
| last_election1 = 30 seats, 17.76%
| popular_vote1 = '''11,157,945'''
| percentage1 = '''33.72%'''
| seats1 = '''184'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 154
| swing1 = {{increase}}15.96[[Percentage point|pp]]

| title = [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle = Elected Chief Minister
| before_election = [[Shehbaz Sharif]]
| before_party = Pakistan Muslim League (N)
| after_election = [[Usman Buzdar]]
| after_party = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
| map_image = File:2018 Punjab provincial election.svg
| map_caption = Map of Punjab showing assembly constituencies and winning parties
| image1 = [[File:Shah Mahmood Qureshi in 2020 (cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
}}

Provincial elections were held in the [[Pakistani province]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] on to elect the members of the 17th [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] on 25 July 2018, alongside nationwide [[2018 Pakistani general election|general elections]] and three other provincial elections in [[2018 Sindh provincial election|Sindh]], [[2018 Balochistan provincial election|Balochistan]] and [[2018 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir|AJK]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.<ref name="july2018">{{Cite web|url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/440663-General-polls-2018-would-be-held-on-July-25-sources|title=General polls 2018 would be held on July 25: sources|date=22 May 2018|website=Dunya News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Govt to complete its term; elections to be held in July 2018: PM|author=Samaa Web Desk|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/12/govt-complete-term-elections-held-july-2018-pm/}}</ref>

After the elections, [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] was able to form the government in Punjab, with [[Sardar Usman Buzdar]] as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister of Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1784399/1-punjab-assembly-pick-20th-chief-minister/|title=PTI's Usman Buzdar becomes new Punjab chief minister|last=Yasif|first=Rana|date=19 August 2018|website=The Express Tribune|access-date=2 December 2018}}</ref>

==Background==
In the 2013 elections, the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] came out with well above a [[supermajority]] in the assembly with a landslide haul of 313 seats, and were comfortably able to form a government. They were followed by the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]], which held only 30 seats.

The election was notable for the downfall of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]], which, before the elections, held 106 and 79 seats respectively but were reduced to merely 8 seats each, due to the rise of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] and [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML (N)]], although the sheer numbers that the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML (N)]] held in the assembly shocked many analysts.<ref>{{cite news|last=From the Newspaper|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1027198|title=The election score|work=Dawn News}}</ref>

[[Shehbaz Sharif]], brother of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML (N)]] chairman and two-time [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]], [[Nawaz Sharif]], became [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)|Chief Minister]] for the third time in his life, securing over 300 votes in the assembly.<ref>{{cite news|last=Web Desk|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/559678/shahbaz-sharif-elected-punjab-chief-minister/|title=Shahbaz Sharif takes oath as Punjab chief minister|work=The Express Tribune}}</ref>

===''Janoobi Punjab Sooba Mahaz''===
On April 10, 2018, 10 of the ruling PML-N's prominent elected candidates from South Punjab, parted ways from the party and announced a movement for the creation of [[Bahawalpur South Punjab|South Punjab province]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/302560-10-pml-n-mps-ditch-their-party|title=10 PML-N MPs ditch their party|date=10 April 2018|website=The News International}}</ref> The movement was titled ''Janoobi Punjab Sooba Mahaz'' (lit. Front for South Punjab Province). In the coming weeks, the movement garnered widespread support and dissident [[Member of parliament|MPs]] from the ruling coalition, as well as independents, started joining it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2018/04/40-pml-ns-lawmakers-ready-to-join-janoobi-punjab-sooba-mahaz-cheema/|title=40 PML-N's lawmakers ready to join Janoobi Punjab Sooba Mahaz: Cheema|last=Khan|first=Zahid|date=18 April 2018|website=Samaa TV}}</ref> At its peak, the movement had the backing of 42 MPs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2018/04/pml-n-loses-4-more-lawmakers-to-junoobi-punjab-sooba-mahaz/|title=PML-N loses 4 more lawmakers to Junoobi Punjab Sooba Mahaz|last=Iqbal|first=Aamir|date=26 April 2018|website=Samaa TV}}</ref> On May 8, 2018, the movement announced its merger with [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]], the opposition party in the province, after PTI assured JPSM's leaders that creating the South Punjab province is a priority item in their manifesto for the [[2018 Pakistani general election|2018 elections]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1406603|title=PTI absorbs Junoobi Punjab Suba Mahaz after promising new province in south Punjab|date=9 May 2018|website=Dawn}}</ref>

==Results==

{| style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}; width:49.72%;" | '''184'''
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}; width:44.32%;" | '''164'''
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}; width:2.70%;" | '''10'''
| style="background:{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}; width:1.88%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:#ffef14; width:1.88%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:#a6caf0; width:1.35%;" | '''3'''
|-
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}|'''PTI'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}|'''PML-N'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}|'''PML-Q'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}|'''PPP'''}}
| {{color|#ffef14|'''PRHP'''}}
| {{color|#a6caf0|'''IND'''}}
|}
{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share of different parties in the election.'''
|value1=33.72
|label1=[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|color1={{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}
|value2=31.88
|label2=[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML-N]]
|color2={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}
|value3=5.72
|label3=[[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|TLP]]
|color3=#00ca00
|value4=5.38
|label4=[[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]]
|color4={{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}
|value5=1.19
|label5=[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|color5={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}
|value6=18.57
|label6=[[Independent politician|IND]]
|color6=#a6caf0
|value7=3.54
|label7=Other Parties
|color7=Silver}}
{{Pie chart|caption='''Seat Share of different parties in the election.'''
|value1=49.60
|label1=[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|color1={{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}
|value2=44.21
|label2=[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML-N]]
|color2={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}
|value3=2.70
|label3=[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|color3={{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}
|value4=1.89
|label4=[[Pakistan Peoples Party|PPP]]
|color4={{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}
|value5=0.27
|label5=[[Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party|PRHP]]
|color5=#ffef14
|value6=1.35
|label6=[[Independent politician|IND]]
|color6=#a6caf0}}
The results showed a virtual tie between the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI) and the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML(N)). With 24 independents joining the party, the PTI came up just short of an absolute majority. The PTI and the [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] (PML(Q)) formed a coalition government in Punjab Assembly.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Party
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Votes
! colspan="8" |Seats
|-
! colspan="4" |General
! rowspan="2" |Women
! rowspan="2" |Non-Muslims
! rowspan="2" |Total
! rowspan="2" |'''+/−'''
|-
!No.
!%
!Contested
!Won
!Independents joined
!Total
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
|11,157,945
|33.72
|284
|123
|24
|'''147'''
|'''33'''
|'''4'''
|'''184'''
|{{Increase}}154
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]
|10,550,406
|31.88
|270
|129
|1
|130
|30
|4
|164
|{{Decrease}}149
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]]
|392,419
|1.19
|7
|7
|1
|8
|2
|0
|10
|{{Increase}}2
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Peoples Party}}" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party]]
|1,781,330
|5.38
|239
|6
|0
|6
|1
|0
|7
|{{Decrease}}1
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#00ca00" |
|[[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan]]
|1,893,453
|5.72
|264
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|{{Steady}}
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#ffef14" |
|[[Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party]]
|0
|0.00
|0
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
|1
|{{Increase}}1
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|Independents
|6,146,632
|18.57
|2,255
|30
|{{Decrease}}27
|3
|
|
|3
|{{Decrease}}4
|- class="sortbottom"
| bgcolor="{{party color|None of the Above}}" |
|Valid Votes
|33,093,912
|97.40
|3,975
|296
|
|296
|66
|8
|369
|
|-
| colspan="12" |
|-
|
|Rejected votes
|882,575
|2.60
| colspan="8" rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|Total Votes Polled
|33,976,487
|100
|-
|
|Registered voters/Turnout
|60,197,876
|56.44
| colspan="8" |Election was postponed in PP-87 Mianwali-III and PP-103 Faisalabad-VII<ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=2018-07-21 |title=ECP postpones polls in NA-103, PP-103 after independent commits suicide |url=http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/1489777 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Samaa |language=en}}</ref>
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="12" |Source: [[Election Commission of Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Election Commission of Pakistan (OFFICIAL) on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/ecp_pakistan/status/1547948009685598208/photo/3 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Results - Election Pakistan - Elections in Pakistan |url=https://electionpakistan.com/election-results/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Election Pakistan |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Registered voters and total votes polled |url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/documents/genderaffairs/Provincial%20Assemblies.pdf |access-date=2022-08-01 |archive-date=2022-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626081348/https://www.ecp.gov.pk/documents/genderaffairs/Provincial%20Assemblies.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

=== Region-wise results ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Region
!Seats
| style="background:#E70A0A;" |[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|'''PTI''']]
| style="background:#228b22;" |[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|'''PML(N)''']]
| style="background:#00ff00;" |[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|'''PML(Q)''']]
| style="background:#000000;" |[[Pakistan People's Party|'''PPP''']]
| style="background:#ffef14;" |[[Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party Party|'''PRHP''']]
| style="background:#a6caf0;" |[[Independent politician|'''IND''']]
!Election Postponed
|-
! [[North Punjab]]!! 27
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''23'''
|2
|1|| 0 || 0
|1
|0
|-
! Central Punjab!! 175
| 66
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''99'''
| 5|| 1 || 1
|1
|2
|-
! [[South Punjab Province|South Punjab]]!! 95
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''58'''
|29
| 2|| 5 || 0
|1
|0
|-
! Total !! 297
! 147
!130
! 8!! 6!! 3
!1
!2
|}

=== Division-wise results ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Division
!Seats
| style="background:#E70A0A;"|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|'''PTI''']]
| style="background:#228b22;"|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|'''PML(N)''']]
| style="background:#00ff00;"|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|'''PML(Q)''']]
|style="background:#000000;"|[[Pakistan People's Party|'''PPP''']]
| style="background:#ffef14;" |[[Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party Party|'''PRHP''']]
| style="background:#a6caf0;"|[[Independent politician|'''IND''']]
!Election Postponed
|-
! [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]!! 27
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''23'''
|2
|1|| 0 || | 0 || 1
|0
|-
! [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]!! 44
| 10
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''29'''
| 5|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]!! 21
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''14'''
|6
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|1
|-
! [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]!! 38
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''21'''
|14
| 0|| 1 || 1 || 0
|1
|-
! [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]!! 52
| 16
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''36'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]!! 20
| 5
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''14'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 1
|0
|-
! [[Multan Division|Multan]]!! 34
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''20'''
|13
| 0|| 1 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]!! 31
| 12
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''13'''
| 2|| 4 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|D.G Khan]]!! 30
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''26'''
|3
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 1
|0
|-
! Total !! 297
! 147
!130
! 8!! 6!! 1!! 3
!2
|}

=== District-wise results ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50%;"
|- bgcolor="#cccccc"
![[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Division]]
! [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|District]]!! Total seats !! style="background:#E70A0A;"|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|'''PTI''']]
!style="background:#228b22;"|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|'''PML(N)''']]
!style="background:#00ff00;"|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|'''PML(Q)''']]!!style="background:#000000;"|[[Pakistan People's Party|'''PPP''']]!!style="background:#ffef14;" |[[Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party Party|'''PRHP''']] !! style="background:#a6caf0;"|[[Independent politician|'''IND''']]
!Election Postponed
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
! [[Attock District|Attock]]!! 5
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''4'''
|1
|0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]!! 15
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''14'''
|0
|0|| 0 || 0 ||1
|0
|-
! [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]!! 4
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''2'''
|1
|1|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]!! 3
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''3'''
|0
|0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
! [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]!! 7
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''4'''
|0
|3|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]!! 11
| 1
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''9'''
| 1|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Narowal District|Narowal]]!! 5
| 1
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''4'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]!! 14
| 0
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''14'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]!! 4
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''2'''
|1
|1|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]!! 3
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''2'''
|1
|0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
! [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]!! 10
| bgcolor="#ed9f9f" | '''5'''
|bgcolor="#8dcc8d" | '''5'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Khushab District|Khushab]]!! 3
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''2'''
|1
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]!! 4
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''3'''
|0
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|1
|-
! [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]!! 4
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''4'''
|0
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
! [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]!! 4
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''2'''
|1
| 0|| 1 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]!! 21
| bgcolor="#ed9f9f" | '''10'''
|bgcolor="#8dcc8d" | '''10'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|1
|-
! [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]!! 6
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''3'''
|3
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Jhang District|Jhang]]!! 7
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''6'''
|0
| 0|| 0 || 1 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
! [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]!! 4
| 1
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''3'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]!! 9
| 4
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''5'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Lahore District|Lahore]]!! 30
| 8
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''22'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Kasur District|Kasur]]!! 9
| 3
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''6'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
! [[Okara District|Okara]]!! 8
| 0
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''7'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 1
|0
|-
! [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]!! 7
| 2
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''5'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]!! 5
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''3'''
|2
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]
! [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]!! 8
| bgcolor="#ed9f9f" | '''4'''
|bgcolor="#8dcc8d" | '''4'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Multan District|Multan]]!! 13
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''10'''
|2
| 0|| 1 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]!! 5
| 2
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''3'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! [[Vehari District|Vehari]]!! 8
| bgcolor="#ed9f9f" | '''4'''
|bgcolor="#8dcc8d" | '''4'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
![[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]!! 8
| 2
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''6'''
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]!! 10
| 3
|bgcolor="#228b22" | '''5'''
| 2|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]!! 13
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''7'''
|2
| 0|| 4 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
![[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]!! 12
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''10'''
|2
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Layyah District|Layyah]]!! 5
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''3'''
|1
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 1
|0
|-
![[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]!! 8
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''8'''
|0
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
![[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]!! 5
| bgcolor="#E70A0A" | '''5'''
|0
| 0|| 0 || 0 || 0
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total!! 297
! 147
!130
! 8!! 6!! 1!! 3
!2
|}

=== Constituency-wise results ===
{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style="text-align:left"
! rowspan="2" |District
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
%
|-
!No.
!Name
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!'''%'''
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!'''%'''
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Attock District|Attock]]
|PP-1
|[[PP-3 Attock-III#2018 Elections|Attock-I]]
|[[Syed Yawer Abbas Bukhari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,667
|34.38
|Hameed Akbar
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|24,192
|20.97
|15,475
|54.43
|-
|PP-2
|[[PP-1 Attock-I#2018 Elections|Attock-II]]
|[[Jahangir Khanzada]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,002
|38.38
|[[Qazi Ahmed Akbar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,922
|35.81
|3,080
|49.79
|-
|PP-3
|[[PP-2 Attock-II#2018 Elections|Attock-III]]
|[[Tahir Sadiq Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|62,391
|45.46
|Asif Ali Malik
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31,089
|22.65
|31,302
|62.48
|-
|PP-4
|[[PP-4 Attock-IV#2018 Elections|Attock-IV]]
|[[Malik Muhammad Anwar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|49,823
|31.42
|[[Chaudhry Sher Ali Khan|Sher Ali Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,535
|25.57
|9,288
|66.91
|-
|PP-5
|[[PP-5 Attock-V#2018 Elections|Attock-V]]
|[[Malik Jamshed Altaf]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|57,333
|36.94
|Malik Bahadur Yar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,155
|23.29
|21,178
|58.97
|-
| rowspan="15" |[[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
|PP-6
|[[PP-6 Murree#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-I]]
|[[Muhammad Latasab Satti|Muhamamd Latasab Satti]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|64,642
|42.03
|[[Raja Ashfaq Sarwar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,772
|36.91
|7,870
|57.55
|-
|PP-7
|[[PP-7 Rawalpindi-I#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-II]]
|[[Raja Sagheer Ahmed]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|44,363
|28.78
|Raja Muhammad Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,459
|27.54
|1,904
|53.52
|-
|PP-8
|[[PP-8 Rawalpindi-II#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-III]]
|[[Javed Kausar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|48,221
|33.87
|Khurram Pervez Raja
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|42,196
|29.63
|6,025
|51.04
|-
|PP-9
|[[PP-9 Rawalpindi-III#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-IV]]
|[[Chaudhary Sajid Mehmood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,686
|34.82
|Chaudhry Sarfaraz Ahmad Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|29,319
|19.75
|22,367
|58.08
|-
|PP-10
|[[PP-10 Rawalpindi-IV#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-V]]
|[[Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|53,212
|33.35
|Naseer Ul Husnain Shah
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|22,271
|13.96
|30,941
|61.12
|-
|PP-11
|[[PP-19 Rawalpindi-XIII#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-VI]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Adnan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,892
|57.87
|Raja Arshad Mehmood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|23,838
|32.16
|19,054
|46.71
|-
|PP-12
|[[PP-11 Rawalpindi-V#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-VII]]
|[[Wasiq Qayyum Abbasi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,415
|46.56
|[[Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|11,110
|18.87
|16,305
|52.58
|-
|PP-13
|[[PP-13 Rawalpindi-VIII#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-VIII]]
|[[Amjad Mehmood Chaudhry]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,943
|57.50
|Chaudhry Sarfraz Afzal
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|12,512
|18.01
|27,431
|53.64
|-
|PP-14
|[[PP-15 Rawalpindi-IX#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-IX]]
|[[Muhammad Basharat Raja]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|54,211
|52.33
|Usama Chaudary
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|32,855
|31.72
|21,356
|51.34
|-
|PP-15
|[[PP-14 Rawalpindi-VIII#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-X]]
|[[Umer Tanveer]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,584
|54.04
|[[Malik Iftikhar Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|22,316
|31.26
|16,268
|52.11
|-
|PP-16
|[[PP-18 Rawalpindi-XII#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-XI]]
|[[Raja Rashid Hafeez]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|64,695
|53.04
|Arslan Hafeez
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,559
|36.53
|20,136
|50.99
|-
|PP-17
|[[PP-16 Rawalpindi-X#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-XII]]
|[[Fayyaz ul Hassan Chohan|Fayaz Ul Hasan Chohan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,984
|48.56
|[[Raja Abdul Hanif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,359
|35.97
|10,625
|51.91
|-
|PP-18
|[[PP-17 Rawalpindi-XI#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-XIII]]
|[[Ejaz Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,054
|43.93
|[[Malik Shakeel Awan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|33,129
|33.03
|10,925
|52.28
|-
|PP-19
|[[PP-12 Rawalpindi-VI#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-XIV]]
|[[Ammar Siddique Khan|Ammar Saddique Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|59,568
|50.23
|[[Malik Umar Farooq|Malik Umer Farooq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,424
|25.66
|29,144
|63.46
|-
|PP-20
|[[PP-13 Rawalpindi-VII#2018 Elections|Rawalpindi-XV]]
|[[Malik Taimoor Masood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,367
|42.92
|Faisal Iqbal
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,163
|27.64
|14,204
|54.02
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
|PP-21
|[[PP-21 Chakwal-I#2018 Elections|Chakwal-I]]
|[[Raja Yassir Humayun|Raja Yasir Humayun]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|77,528
|50.76
|Sultan Haider Ali Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|65,500
|42.89
|12,028
|58.69
|-
|PP-22
|[[PP-22 Chakwal-II#2018 Elections|Chakwal-II]]
|[[Tanveer Aslam Malik]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|73,523
|45.44
|Tariq Mehmood Afzal
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|70,883
|43.81
|2,640
|58.10
|-
|PP-23
|[[PP-23 Chakwal-cum-Talagang#2018 Elections|Chakwal-III]]
|[[Sardar Aftab Akbar Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|78,310
|53.60
|Mushtaq Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,516
|31.15
|32,794
|56.73
|-
|PP-24
|[[PP-24 Talagang#2018 Elections|Chakwal-IV]]
|[[Hafiz Ammar Yasir|Ammar Yasir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|81,510
|50.03
|Shehryar Malik
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|63,063
|38.70
|18,447
|58.45
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
|PP-25
|[[PP-25 Jhelum-I#2018 Elections|Jhelum-I]]
|[[Raja Yawar Kamal Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|59,885
|35.02
|[[Mahar Muhammad Fayyaz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,505
|33.04
|3,380
|54.58
|-
|PP-26
|[[PP-26 Jhelum-II#2018 Elections|Jhelum-II]]
|[[Chaudhry Zafar Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|64,227
|44.55
|[[Chaudhry Lal Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,679
|28.91
|22,548
|47.67
|-
|PP-27
|[[PP-27 Jhelum-III#2018 Elections|Jhelum-III]]
|[[Fawad Chaudhry]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|67,444
|41.14
|[[Nasir Mehmood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|65,501
|39.95
|1,943
|54.07
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|PP-28
|[[PP-31 Gujrat-IV#2018 Elections|Gujrat-I]]
|[[Shujaat Nawaz|Shujahat Nawaz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|56,484
|41.03
|[[Nawabzada Haider Mehdi|Nawabzada Haider Mahdi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,470
|30.13
|15,014
|54.97
|-
|PP-29
|[[PP-32 Gujrat-V#2018 Elections|Gujrat-II]]
|[[Muhammad Abdullah Warraich|Abdullah Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|45,380
|34.98
|[[Moin Nawaz Warraich|Moeen Nawaz Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,239
|23.31
|15,141
|50.64
|-
|PP-30
|[[PP-34 Gujrat-VII#2018 Elections|Gujrat-III]]
|[[Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi|Chaudhry Parvez Elahi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|75,808
|54.71
|Zulfiqar Ali Warraich
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|29,186
|21.07
|46,622
|48.46
|-
|PP-31
|[[PP-33 Gujrat-VI#2018 Elections|Gujrat-IV]]
|[[Saleem Sarwar Jaura]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,131
|48.50
|[[Imran Zafar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|20,513
|19.46
|30,618
|45.16
|-
|PP-32
|[[PP-30 Gujrat-III|Gujrat-V]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Akhtar Hayat|Mian Akhtar Hayat]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,264
|33.11
|[[Mian Tariq Mehmood (politician, born 1955)|Mian Tariq Mehmood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,569
|29.43
|4,695
|47.35
|-
|PP-33
|[[PP-29 Gujrat-II#2018 Elections|Gujrat-VI]]
|[[Chaudhry Liaqat Ali]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,139
|36.78
|Shabbir Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,697
|35.02
|2,442
|51.12
|-
|PP-34
|[[PP-28 Gujrat-I#2018 Elections|Gujrat-VII]]
|[[Muhammad Arshad Chaudhry|Arshad Chaudhary]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|58,211
|37.78
|[[Raja Muhammad Aslam Khan|Raja Aslam Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,632
|32.86
|7,579
|52.57
|-
| rowspan="11" |[[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
|PP-35
|[[PP-35 Sialkot-I#2018 Elections|Sialkot-I]]
|[[Rana Muhammad Arif Iqbal Harnah|Arif Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,370
|37.98
|Mirza Dilawar Baig
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,887
|27.76
|12,483
|57.08
|-
|PP-36
|[[PP-37 Sialkot-III#2018 Elections|Sialkot-II]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Akhlaq|Muhammad Akhlaq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,496
|46.91
|Muhammad Akram
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,499
|38.71
|8,997
|51.80
|-
|PP-37
|[[PP-38 Sialkot-IV#2018 Elections|Sialkot-III]]
|[[Muhammad Mansha Ullah Butt|Khuwaja Mansha Ullah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,890
|45.08
|Muhammad Ashiq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,552
|41.24
|4,338
|51.00
|-
|PP-38
|[[PP-39 Sialkot-V#2018 Elections|Sialkot-IV]]
|[[Choudhary Khush Akhtar Subhani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|57,636
|47.69
|Saeed Ahmad Bhalli
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,575
|33.57
|17,061
|59.39
|-
|PP-39
|[[PP-36 Sialkot-II#2018 Elections|Sialkot-V]]
|[[Rana Liaqat Ali]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|30,891
|26.39
|Mirza Altaf Hussain
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,770
|26.29
|121
|55.36
|-
|PP-40
|[[PP-40 Sialkot-VI#2018 Elections|Sialkot-VI]]
|[[Rana Muhammad Afzal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|52,577
|44.12
|Chaudhry Amjad Ali Bajwa
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,209
|30.38
|16,368
|55.77
|-
|PP-41
|[[PP-41 Sialkot-VII#2018 Elections|Sialkot-VII]]
|[[Bao Muhammad Rizwan|Muhammad Rizwan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|32,833
|28.74
|Syed Atta Ul Hassan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,902
|23.55
|5,931
|56.31
|-
|PP-42
|[[PP-42 Sialkot-VIII#2018 Elections|Sialkot-VIII]]
|[[Zeeshan Rafiq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|52,630
|46.75
|Chaudhry Sadaqat Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,185
|26.81
|22,445
|55.02
|-
|PP-43
|[[PP-43 Sialkot-IX#2018 Elections|Sialkot-IX]]
|[[Chaudhry Naveed Ashraf]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,555
|47.00
|Nasir Mehmood Cheema
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,287
|31.55
|18,268
|58.10
|-
|PP-44
|[[PP-44 Sialkot-X#2018 Elections|Sialkot-X]]
|[[Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|58,041
|51.34
|Chaudhry Azeem Ghumman
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,818
|40.53
|12,223
|57.80
|-
|PP-45
|[[PP-45 Sialkot-XI#2018 Elections|Sialkot-XI]]
|[[Rana Abdul Sattar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,767
|50.89
|Malik Jamshed Ghias
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,946
|34.02
|17,821
|57.37
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Narowal District|Narowal]]
|PP-46
|[[PP-46 Narowal-I#2018 Elections|Narowal-I]]
|[[Syed Saeed ul Hassan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|37,388
|35.95
|Awais Qasim
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,160
|29.00
|7,228
|56.14
|-
|PP-47
|[[PP-47 Narowal-II#2018 Elections|Narowal-II]]
|[[Abu Hafs Muhammad Ghiyas-ud-Din|Muhammad Ghayas Uddin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|18,484
|17.77
|Naimat Ali Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|13,338
|12.82
|5,146
|53.37
|-
|PP-48
|[[PP-48 Narowal-III#2018 Elections|Narowal-III]]
|[[Rana Mannan Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,255
|44.67
|Muhammad Arif Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,378
|28.71
|16,877
|51.58
|-
|PP-49
|[[PP-50 Narowal-V#2018 Elections|Narowal-IV]]
|[[Bilal Akbar Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,192
|41.55
|Riffat Javaid
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|17,137
|16.11
|27,055
|57.67
|-
|PP-50
|[[PP-49 Narowal-IV#2018 Elections|Narowal-V]]
|[[Khawaja Muhammad Waseem]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|61,507
|50.07
|Muhammad Sajjad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,031
|35.85
|17,476
|56.81
|-
| rowspan="14" |[[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
|PP-51
|[[PP-51 Wazirabad-I#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-I]]
|[[Shaukat Manzoor Cheema]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|59,343
|48.52
|Muhammad Shabir Akram
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,516
|22.50
|31,827
|53.70
|-
|PP-52
|[[PP-52 Wazirabad-II#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-II]]
|[[Chaudhary Aadil Bakhsh Chattha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,195
|43.52
|[[Muhammad Ahmed Chattha|Muhammad Ahmad Chattha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|54,097
|42.69
|1,098
|55.83
|-
|PP-53
|[[PP-53 Gujranwala-I#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-III]]
|[[Bilal Farooq Tarar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,337
|47.19
|Jamal Nasir Cheema
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,045
|34.93
|12,292
|52.97
|-
|PP-54
|[[PP-60 Gujranwala-VIII#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-IV]]
|[[Imran Khalid Butt]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,987
|45.74
|Rizwan Ullah Butt
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|49,635
|44.53
|1,352
|52.57
|-
|PP-55
|[[PP-61 Gujranwala-IX#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-V]]
|[[Muhammad Nawaz Chohan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,882
|46.94
|[[Mian Arqam Khan|Muhammad Arqam Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|22,594
|28.76
|14,288
|54.27
|-
|PP-56
|[[PP-62 Gujranwala-X#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-VI]]
|[[Muhammad Taufeeq Butt|Muhammad Toufeeq Butt]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,387
|52.96
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Tariq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,113
|32.54
|18,274
|51.65
|-
|PP-57
|[[PP-63 Gujranwala-XI#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-VII]]
|[[Chaudhry Ashraf Ali Ansari|Chaudhary Ashraf Ali]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,512
|46.41
|Asad Ullah
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,720
|33.44
|15,792
|50.33
|-
|PP-58
|[[PP-64 Gujranwala-XII#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-VIII]]
|[[Abdul Rauf Mughal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,237
|45.97
|S A Hameed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|28,528
|29.65
|15,709
|49.18
|-
|PP-59
|[[PP-59 Gujranwala-VII#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-IX]]
|[[Chaudhry Waqar Ahmad Cheema]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,062
|44.47
|Sohail Zafar Cheema
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|20,532
|22.79
|19,530
|53.26
|-
|PP-60
|[[PP-58 Gujranwala-VI#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-X]]
|[[Qaiser Iqbal Sindhu|Qaiser Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|39,828
|36.05
|Chaudhry Zafarullah Cheema
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,022
|27.18
|9,806
|56.90
|-
|PP-61
|[[PP-57 Gujranwala-V#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-XI]]
|[[Chaudhry Akhtar Ali Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,936
|47.14
|[[Chaudhary Ahsaanullah Virk|Ehsan Ullah Virk]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,319
|30.76
|15,617
|54.25
|-
|PP-62
|[[PP-54 Gujranwala-II#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-XII]]
|[[Aman Ullah Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,927
|47.78
|Shazia Bano Mazhar Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|25,924
|26.40
|21,003
|55.59
|-
|PP-63
|[[PP-56 Gujranwala-IV#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-XIII]]
|[[Muhammad Iqbal Gujjar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,477
|31.14
|Rana Umar Nazir Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|23,881
|24.40
|6,596
|58.44
|-
|PP-64
|[[PP-55 Gujranwala-III#2018 Elections|Gujranwala-XIV]]
|[[Irfan Bashir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,756
|40.37
|Khalid Pervaz Virk
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,163
|33.81
|7,593
|57.09
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
|PP-65
|[[PP-65 Mandi Bahauddin-I#2018 Elections|Mandi Bahauddin-I]]
|[[Hameeda Waheeduddin|Hameeda Mian]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|72,447
|54.60
|Arshad Mahmood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,356
|34.94
|26,091
|50.63
|-
|PP-66
|[[PP-66 Mandi Bahauddin-II#2018 Elections|Mandi Bahauddin-II]]
|[[Muhammad Tariq Tarar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,148
|36.88
|Syed Tariq Yaqoob
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|39,822
|31.15
|7,326
|54.57
|-
|PP-67
|[[PP-67 Mandi Bahauddin-III#2018 Elections|Mandi Bahauddin-III]]
|[[Sajid Ahmad Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|60,233
|46.30
|Shahid Naseem Tahir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|25,531
|19.63
|34,702
|56.66
|-
|PP-68
|[[PP-68 Mandi Bahauddin-IV#2018 Elections|Mandi Bahauddin-IV]]
|[[Gulraiz Afzal Gondal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,982
|28.57
|Qamar Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|35,791
|26.93
|2,191
|53.69
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
|PP-69
|[[PP-69 Hafizabad-I#2018 Elections|Hafizabad-I]]
|[[Mamoon Jaffar Tarar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|58,421
|42.34
|Mian Shahid Hussain Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,708
|37.48
|6,713
|62.70
|-
|PP-70
|[[PP-70 Hafizabad-II#2018 Elections|Hafizabad-II]]
|[[Muzaffar Ali Sheikh|Muzaffer Ali Sheikh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|49,116
|38.53
|Malik Fayaz Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,118
|36.18
|2,998
|55.20
|-
|PP-71
|[[PP-71 Hafizabad-III#2018 Elections|Hafizabad-III]]
|[[Muhammad Ahsan Jahangir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,892
|37.01
|Syed Shoaib Shahnawaz
| style="color:inherit;background:#00ca00" |
|[[Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan|TLP]]
|31,058
|24.00
|16,834
|60.02
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
|PP-72
|[[PP-72 Sargodha-I#2018 Elections|Sargodha-I]]
|[[Sohaib Ahmad Malik]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|64,908
|46.29
|Hassan Inam Piracha
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|56,989
|40.64
|7,919
|58.78
|-
|PP-73
|[[PP-73 Sargodha-II#2018 Elections|Sargodha-II]]
|[[Yasir Zafar Sindhu|Yasir Zafar Sandhu]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,778
|33.90
|Khaliq Dad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,087
|22.28
|15,691
|55.99
|-
|PP-74
|[[PP-74 Sargodha-III#2018 Elections|Sargodha-III]]
|[[Mian Manazir Hussain Ranjha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,526
|42.45
|[[Muhammad Ansar Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|50,382
|41.51
|1,144
|57.18
|-
|PP-75
|[[PP-75 Sargodha-IV#2018 Elections|Sargodha-IV]]
|[[Muhammad Muneeb Sultan Cheema]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|63,356
|47.30
|Muhammad Umar Kalyar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,477
|37.68
|12,879
|60.92
|-
|PP-76
|[[PP-78 Sargodha-VII#2018 Elections|Sargodha-V]]
|[[Chaudhry Faisal Farooq Cheema]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|60,707
|44.20
|Kamil Shameel
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,463
|38.93
|7,244
|58.69
|-
|PP-77
|[[PP-76 Sargodha-V#2018 Elections|Sargodha-VI]]
|[[Liaquat Ali Khan (Sargodha politician)|Liaqat Ali Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|58,405
|50.55
|Muhammad Iqbal
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,878
|32.78
|20,527
|52.53
|-
|PP-78
|[[PP-77 Sargodha-VI#2018 Elections|Sargodha-VII]]
|[[Ansar Majeed Khan Niazi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,146
|43.98
|Ammara Rizwan Gill
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,135
|41.11
|3,011
|53.80
|-
|PP-79
|[[PP-79 Sargodha-VIII#2018 Elections|Sargodha-VIII]]
|[[Rana Munawar Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|54,323
|42.22
|Faisal Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,075
|30.37
|15,248
|60.42
|-
|PP-80
|[[PP-80 Sargodha-IX#2018 Elections|Sargodha-IX]]
|[[Ghulam Ali Asghar Khan Lahry|Ghulam Ali Asghar Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|60,723
|48.06
|Taimur Ali Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|39,711
|31.43
|21,012
|57.16
|-
|PP-81
|[[PP-81 Sargodha-X#2018 Elections|Sargodha-X]]
|[[Chaudhry Iftikhar Hussain (politician)|Chaudhry Iftikhar Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,633
|32.36
|Syed Javaid Hasnain
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,752
|31.67
|881
|56.93
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Khushab District|Khushab]]
|PP-82
|[[PP-82 Khushab-I#2018 Elections|Khushab-I]]
|[[Fateh Khaliq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|71,925
|46.94
|[[Karam Elahi Bandial]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,244
|28.22
|28,681
|58.29
|-
|PP-83
|[[PP-83 Khushab-II#2018 Elections|Khushab-II]]
|[[Malik Ghulam Rasool Sangha|Ghulam Rasool Sangha]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|69,036
|44.41
|[[Muhammad Asif Malik]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,764
|30.72
|21,272
|56.04
|-
|PP-84
|[[PP-84 Khushab-III#2018 Elections|Khushab-III]]
|[[Muhammad Waris Shad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|66,775
|41.90
|Shujah Muhammad Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|60,288
|37.83
|6,487
|61.86
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
|PP-85
|[[PP-85 Mianwali-I#2018 Elections|Mianwali-I]]
|[[Abdul Rehman Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|76,122
|61.52
|[[Amanat Ullah Khan Shadi Khel|Amanat Ullah Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|35,370
|28.59
|40,752
|54.86
|-
|PP-86
|[[PP-86 Mianwali-II#2018 Elections|Mianwali-II]]
|[[Amin Ullah Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|59,248
|48.58
|Adil Abdullah Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|27,673
|22.69
|31,575
|54.75
|-
|PP-87
|[[PP-87 Mianwali-III#2018 Elections|Mianwali-III]]
| colspan="12" |Election postponed
|-
|PP-88
|[[PP-88 Mianwali-IV#2018 Elections|Mianwali-IV]]
|[[Sibtain Khan|Muhammad Sibtain Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|56,016
|42.98
|Muhammad Feroze Joiya
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|38,046
|29.19
|17,970
|60.82
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
|PP-89
|[[PP-89 Bhakkar-I#2018 Elections|Bhakkar-I]]
|[[Ameer Muhammad Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|63,414
|44.49
|Farooq Azam Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|32,658
|22.91
|30,756
|66.21
|-
|PP-90
|[[PP-92 Bhakkar-IV#2018 Elections|Bhakkar-II]]
|[[Saeed Akbar Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|59,490
|43.92
|[[Irfan Ullah Khan Niazi|Irfan Ullah Khan NIazi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,026
|33.24
|14,464
|66.14
|-
|PP-91
|[[PP-90 Bhakkar-II#2018 Elections|Bhakkar-III]]
|[[Ghazanfar Abbas Cheena|Ghazanfer Abbas]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|75,581
|48.93
|[[Saeed Akbar Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|74,022
|47.92
|1,559
|71.42
|-
|PP-92
|[[PP-91 Bhakkar-III#2018 Elections|Bhakkar-IV]]
|[[Amir Inayat Khan Shahani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|61,819
|46.55
|Malik Zaheer Ahmad
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|53,406
|39.44
|8,413
|65.32
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
|PP-93
|[[PP-93 Chiniot-I#2018 Elections|Chiniot-I]]
|[[Taimoor Ali Lali]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|46,733
|48.59
|Muhammad Haider Lali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,819
|42.41
|5,914
|49.74
|-
|PP-94
|[[PP-94 Chiniot-II#2018 Elections|Chiniot-II]]
|[[Ilyas Chinioti]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|52,745
|49.25
|Ali Hassan Raza Qazi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|22,366
|20.89
|30,379
|60.17
|-
|PP-95
|[[PP-95 Chiniot-III#2018 Elections|Chiniot-III]]
|[[Syed Hassan Murtaza]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|38,115
|34.77
|[[Maulana Muhammad Rehmat Ullah|Muhammad Rehmat Ullah]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|34,144
|31.35
|4,011
|63.47
|-
|PP-96
|[[PP-96 Chiniot-IV#2018 Elections|Chiniot-IV]]
|[[Saleem Bibi Bharwana]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,738
|26.90
|Muhammad Saqlain Anwar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,474
|23.95
|3,264
|61.94
|-
| rowspan="21" |[[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
|PP-97
|[[PP-97 Faisalabad-I#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-I]]
|[[Muhammad Ajmal Cheema]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|42,405
|34.33
|[[Ali Afzal Sahi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,973
|30.74
|4,432
|58.22
|-
|PP-98
|[[PP-98 Faisalabad-II#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-II]]
|[[Rana Shoaib Adrees Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,727
|44.24
|[[Muhammad Afzal Sahi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,993
|35.72
|10,734
|59.01
|-
|PP-99
|[[PP-99 Faisalabad-III#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-III]]
|[[Chaudhry Ali Akhter Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|49,260
|45.79
|Akbar Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,765
|40.69
|5,495
|57.30
|-
|PP-100
|[[PP-100 Faisalabad-IV#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-IV]]
|[[Chaudhry Zaheer Ud Din]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,357
|35.63
|[[Iffat Miraj Awan|Iffat Mairaj Awan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|25,113
|21.64
|16,244
|53.66
|-
|PP-101
|[[PP-101 Faisalabad-V#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-V]]
|[[Rai Haider Ali Khan|Rai Haidar Ali Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,097
|36.97
|Ghulam Haider Bari
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,308
|35.54
|1,789
|54.92
|-
|PP-102
|[[PP-104 Faisalabad-VIII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-VI]]
|[[Adil Pervaiz Gujjar|Adil Pervaiz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,121
|31.12
|Sikandar Hayyat Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,960
|30.17
|1,161
|56.83
|-
|PP-103
|[[PP-103 Faisalabad-VII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-VII]]
| colspan="12" |Election postponed<ref>{{Cite web |author=Web Desk |date=2018-07-21 |title=ECP postpones polls in NA-103, PP-103 after independent commits suicide |url=http://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/1489777 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Samaa |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|PP-104
|[[PP-102 Faisalabad-VI#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-VIII]]
|[[Muhammad Safdar Shakir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,756
|34.56
|Shahid Khalil Noor
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,400
|27.00
|9,356
|55.84
|-
|PP-105
|[[PP-105 Faisalabad-IX#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-IX]]
|[[Hafiz Mumtaz Ahmed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|50,267
|37.15
|Kashif Raheem Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,492
|31.40
|7,775
|55.79
|-
|PP-106
|[[PP-106 Faisalabad-X#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-X]]
|[[Umar Farooq Mushtaq|Umar Farooq]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|49,996
|39.73
|Sardar Dilnawaz Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,413
|32.12
|9,583
|56.40
|-
|PP-107
|[[PP-107 Faisalabad-XI#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XI]]
|[[Shafiq Ahmad Gujjar|Shafiq Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,901
|41.35
|Khalid Rafi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,511
|37.55
|3,390
|54.77
|-
|PP-108
|[[PP-108 Faisalabad-XII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XII]]
|[[Muhammad Ajmal Asif|Muhammad Ajmal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,055
|42.13
|[[Rana Aftab Ahmad Khan|Aftab Ahmad Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,471
|39.77
|2,584
|59.04
|-
|PP-109
|[[PP-109 Faisalabad-XIII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XIII]]
|[[Chaudhry Zafar Iqbal Nagra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,100
|47.69
|Nadeem Aftab Sindhu
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,129
|41.43
|6,971
|58.98
|-
|PP-110
|[[PP-117 Faisalabad-XXI#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XIV]]
|[[Khayal Ahmad Kastro|Khayal Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|69,509
|51.28
|[[Malik Muhammad Nawaz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|58,444
|43.12
|11,065
|60.43
|-
|PP-111
|[[PP-111 Faisalabad-XV#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XV]]
|[[Shakeel Shahid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|57,539
|40.52
|Asrar Ahmed Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,654
|36.38
|5,885
|57.08
|-
|PP-112
|[[PP-116 Faisalabad-XX#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XVI]]
|[[Muhammad Tahir Pervaiz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|49,455
|46.96
|Adnan Anwar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,769
|44.41
|2,686
|55.17
|-
|PP-113
|[[PP-115 Faisalabad-XIX#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XVII]]
|[[Muhammad Waris Aziz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|61,094
|47.37
|[[Rana Sanaullah|Rana Sana Ullah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,079
|43.49
|5,015
|58.22
|-
|PP-114
|[[PP-114 Faisalabad-XVIII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XVIII]]
|[[Chaudhry Latif Nazar Gujjar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|59,501
|48.61
|[[Sheikh Ijaz Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,343
|40.99
|9,158
|56.59
|-
|PP-115
|[[PP-113 Faisalabad-XVII#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XIX]]
|[[Rana Ali Abbas Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,271
|45.33
|Asad Muazzam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|52,736
|44.83
|535
|58.08
|-
|PP-116
|[[PP-112 Faisalabad-XVI#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XX]]
|[[Chaudhry Faqeer Hussain Dogar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,619
|47.41
|Mahboob Alam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,014
|41.94
|5,605
|57.63
|-
|PP-117
|[[PP-110 Faisalabad-XIV#2018 Elections|Faisalabad-XXI]]
|[[Mehar Hamid Rashid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,757
|46.99
|Hassan Masood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,584
|40.08
|7,173
|57.31
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
|PP-118
|[[PP-118 Toba Tek Singh-I#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-I]]
|[[Chaudhary Khalid Javed|Chaudhary Khalid Javed Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,256
|34.01
|Asad Zaman
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,820
|33.67
|436
|59.69
|-
|PP-119
|[[PP-119 Toba Tek Singh-II#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-II]]
|[[Abdul Qadeer Alvi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,776
|38.96
|Muhammad Khalid Bashir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,210
|27.66
|13,566
|57.34
|-
|PP-120
|[[PP-121 Toba Tek Singh-IV#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-III]]
|[[Sardar Muhammad Ayub Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|71,527
|50.55
|Javed Akram
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|55,357
|39.12
|16,170
|59.73
|-
|PP-121
|[[PP-120 Toba Tek Singh-III#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-IV]]
|[[Saeed Ahmad Saeedi|Saeed Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|62,028
|47.02
|Amjad Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,522
|42.85
|5,506
|59.06
|-
|PP-122
|[[PP-122 Toba Tek Singh-V#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-V]]
|[[Ashifa Riaz Fatyana]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|63,924
|50.08
|Nazia Raheel
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,739
|35.05
|19,185
|59.41
|-
|PP-123
|[[PP-123 Toba Tek Singh-VI#2018 Elections|Toba Tek Singh-VI]]
|[[Syed Qutab Ali Shah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,122
|41.45
|[[Syeda Sonia Ali Raza Shah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|53,105
|41.43
|17
|61.01
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Jhang District|Jhang]]
|PP-124
|[[PP-124 Jhang-I#2018 Elections|Jhang-I]]
|[[Rai Taimoor Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|32,143
|27.73
|Syed Ali Akbar
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|24,255
|20.92
|7,888
|59.71
|-
|PP-125
|[[PP-130 Jhang-VII#2018 Elections|Jhang-II]]
|[[Faisal Hayat Jabboana|Faisal Hayat]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|51,050
|42.47
|[[Mian Muhammad Azam Cheela]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,699
|32.19
|12,351
|63.54
|-
|PP-126
|[[PP-126 Jhang-III#2018 Elections|Jhang-III]]
|[[Moavia Azam Tariq]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|65,646
|50.87
|Sheikh Sheraz Akram
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|32,934
|25.52
|32,712
|54.3
|-
|PP-127
|[[PP-125 Jhang-II#2018 Elections|Jhang-IV]]
|[[Mehar Muhammad Aslam Bharwana|Mehar Muhammad Aslam]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|27,535
|24.06
|[[Mehar Muhammad Nawaz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,765
|23.39
|770
|61.48
|-
|PP-128
|[[PP-127 Jhang-IV#2018 Elections|Jhang-V]]
|[[Ghazanfar Abbas Shah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|50,198
|40.16
|Khalid Mahmood
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|47,072
|37.66
|3,126
|62.50
|-
|PP-129
|[[PP-128 Jhang-V#2018 Elections|Jhang-VI]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Asif Kathia|Mian Muhammad Asif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|23,434
|20.66
|Madhulal Hussain
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|22,431
|19.78
|1,003
|63.10
|-
|PP-130
|[[PP-129 Jhang-VI#2018 Elections|Jhang-VII]]
|[[Rana Shahbaz Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|63,684
|54.30
|Muhammad Aoun Abbas
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|48,449
|41.31
|15,235
|64.32
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
|PP-131
|[[PP-131 Nankana Sahib-I#2018 Elections|Nankana Sahib-I]]
|[[Mian Ijaz Hussain Bhatti]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,118
|30.57
|Shazia Cheema
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|35,886
|29.56
|1,232
|59.65
|-
|PP-132
|[[PP-132 Nankana Sahib-II#2018 Elections|Nankana Sahib-II]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Atif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|48,672
|42.84
|[[Rana Muhammad Arshad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,482
|36.51
|7,190
|56.00
|-
|PP-133
|[[PP-133 Nankana Sahib-III#2018 Elections|Nankana Sahib-III]]
|[[Mahr Muhammad Kashif|Muhammad Kashif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,458
|25.62
|Shahid Manzoor Gill
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|24,169
|23.40
|2,289
|59.05
|-
|PP-134
|[[PP-134 Nankana Sahib-IV#2018 Elections|Nankana Sahib-IV]]
|[[Agha Ali Haidar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|28,478
|26.52
|Muhammad Aslam Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,240
|24.43
|2,238
|58.85
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
|PP-135
|[[PP-135 Sheikhupura-I#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-I]]
|[[Umar Aftab Dhillon]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,169
|49.26
|Muhammad Hassan Riaz
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,033
|39.50
|10,136
|57.19
|-
|PP-136
|[[PP-136 Sheikhupura-II#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-II]]
|[[Khurram Ijaz Chattah|Khurram Ijaz]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|52,604
|50.81
|Chaudhry Mushtaq Ahmed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|33,633
|32.48
|18,971
|55.48
|-
|PP-137
|[[PP-137 Sheikhupura-III#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-III]]
|[[Pir Muhammad Ashraf Rasool]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,959
|45.70
|Ali Abbas
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|31,513
|37.94
|6,446
|56.24
|-
|PP-138
|[[PP-138 Sheikhupura-IV#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-IV]]
|[[Mian Abdul Rauf]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|34,478
|42.12
|Muhammad Ashfaq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|21,101
|25.78
|13,377
|59.14
|-
|PP-139
|[[PP-139 Sheikhupura-V#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-V]]
|[[Mian Jaleel Ahmed|Jaleel Ahmed Sharaqpuri]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31,010
|28.15
|Rao Jahanzaib
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,153
|24.65
|3,857
|58.92
|-
|PP-140
|[[PP-140 Sheikhupura-VI#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-VI]]
|[[Mian Khalid Mehmood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,965
|30.68
|Yasir Iqbal
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|26,046
|24.24
|6,919
|54.46
|-
|PP-141
|[[PP-141 Sheikhupura-VII#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-VII]]
|[[Mahmood ul Haq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,443
|33.01
|Abid Hussain Chattha
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,719
|24.44
|9,724
|59.61
|-
|PP-142
|[[PP-142 Sheikhupura-VIII#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-VIII]]
|[[Sher Akbar Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,185
|25.01
|Ishtiaq Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|22,272
|20.49
|4,913
|58.62
|-
|PP-143
|[[PP-143 Sheikhupura-IX#2018 Elections|Sheikhupura-IX]]
|[[Sajjad Haider Nadeem]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31,247
|23.07
|Muhammad Sarfraz
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|31,082
|22.95
|165
|57.17
|-
| rowspan="30" |[[Lahore District|Lahore]]
|PP-144
|[[PP-144 Lahore-I#2018 Elections|Lahore-I]]
|[[Sami Ullah Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,538
|47.25
|Chaudhry Khalid Mehmood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,029
|38.42
|8,509
|51.19
|-
|PP-145
|[[PP-145 Lahore-II#2018 Elections|Lahore-II]]
|[[Ghazali Saleem Butt]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,345
|49.10
|Muhammad Asif Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,915
|29.85
|19,430
|51.33
|-
|PP-146
|[[PP-146 Lahore-III#2018 Elections|Lahore-III]]
|[[Hamza Shahbaz|Hamza Shehbaz Sharif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|71,393
|54.67
|Zaman Naseeb
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,433
|33.26
|27,960
|48.71
|-
|PP-147
|[[PP-147 Lahore-IV#2018 Elections|Lahore-IV]]
|[[Mian Mujtaba Shuja-ur-Rehman]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|63,301
|57.02
|Muhammad Tariq Saadat
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|28,903
|26.03
|34,398
|47.77
|-
|PP-148
|[[PP-148 Lahore-V#2018 Elections|Lahore-V]]
|[[Chaudhry Shahbaz Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|60,160
|49.78
|Muhammad Ajasam Sharif
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,223
|35.50
|16,937
|51.88
|-
|PP-149
|[[PP-172 Lahore-XXIX#2018 Elections|Lahore-VI]]
|[[Mian Marghoob Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|66,960
|46.56
|Zubair Khan Niazi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|61,278
|42.61
|5,682
|52.75
|-
|PP-150
|[[PP-173 Lahore-XXX#2018 Elections|Lahore-VII]]
|[[Bilal Yasin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|56,038
|51.97
|Chaudhry Muhammad Asghar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,316
|34.61
|18,722
|51.90
|-
|PP-151
|[[PP-170 Lahore-XXVII#2018 Elections|Lahore-VIII]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Aslam Iqbal|Muhammad Aslam Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|65,863
|50.95
|Baqir Hussain
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,980
|40.21
|13,883
|52.29
|-
|PP-152
|[[PP-171 Lahore-XXVIII#2018 Elections|Lahore-IX]]
|[[Rana Mashhood Ahmad Khan|Rana Mashood Ahmad Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,670
|44.17
|Muhammad Irshad Dogar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,166
|37.59
|6,504
|52.17
|-
|PP-153
|[[PP-149 Lahore-VI#2018 Elections|Lahore-X]]
|[[Khawaja Imran Nazir|Khawaja Imran Nazeer]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,557
|58.50
|Chaudhry Khalid Mehmood Ghurki
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|19,647
|25.79
|24,910
|48.18
|-
|PP-154
|[[PP-151 Lahore-VIII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XI]]
|[[Bao Chaudhry Akhtar Ali]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|53,530
|55.43
|Hafiz Mansab Awan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,047
|31.11
|23,483
|54.12
|-
|PP-155
|[[PP-150 Lahore-VII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XII]]
|[[Malik Ghulam Habib Awan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|39,515
|45.97
|Javed Anwar Awan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|18,597
|21.63
|20,918
|55.92
|-
|PP-156
|[[PP-152 Lahore-IX#2018 Elections|Lahore-XIII]]
|[[Malik Muhammad Waheed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|52,742
|51.57
|Mian Muhammad Iftikhar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,937
|36.12
|15,805
|54.84
|-
|PP-157
|[[PP-154 Lahore-XI#2018 Elections|Lahore-XIV]]
|[[Khawaja Salman Rafique]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,125
|46.96
|[[Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,415
|41.45
|4,710
|52.86
|-
|PP-158
|[[PP-169 Lahore-XXVI#2018 Elections|Lahore-XV]]
|[[Aleem Khan (politician)|Abdul Aleem Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|52,319
|49.47
|Rana Ahsan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,229
|42.77
|7,090
|54.97
|-
|PP-159
|[[PP-155 Lahore-XII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XVI]]
|[[Murad Raas]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|55,184
|49.24
|Muhammad Numan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,476
|41.47
|8,708
|52.32
|-
|PP-160
|[[PP-168 Lahore-XXV#2018 Elections|Lahore-XVII]]
|[[Mehmood-ur-Rasheed|Mian Mahmood ur Rashid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|63,136
|51.04
|Touseef Hussain Shah
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,579
|40.89
|12,584
|53.29
|-
|PP-161
|[[PP-167 Lahore-XXIV#2018 Elections|Lahore-XVIII]]
|[[Malik Nadeem Abbas]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,040
|47.68
|Faisal Ayub
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,994
|42.18
|4,046
|51.68
|-
|PP-162
|[[PP-156 Lahore-XIII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XIX]]
|[[Chaudhry Yasin Sohal|Muhammad Yasin Amir]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,757
|43.34
|[[Aleem Khan (politician)|Abdul Aleem Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,032
|42.59
|725
|52.52
|-
|PP-163
|[[PP-157 Lahore-XIV#2018 Elections|Lahore-XX]]
|[[Mian Naseer Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|32,442
|46.99
|Bilal Aslam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,414
|44.06
|2,028
|52.05
|-
|PP-164
|[[PP-153 Lahore-X#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXI]]
|[[Shehbaz Sharif|Shebaz Sharif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,086
|48.43
|Tahir Majeed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|19,218
|23.22
|20,868
|61.65
|-
|PP-165
|[[PP-163 Lahore-XX#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXII]]
|[[Shehbaz Sharif|Shebaz Sharif]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,322
|53.72
|Muhammad Yousaf
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|22,961
|28.47
|20,361
|62.85
|-
|PP-166
|[[PP-160 Lahore-XVII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXIII]]
|[[Ramzan Siddique Bhatti]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,070
|44.58
|Abdul Karim Kalwar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|34,012
|36.04
|8,058
|50.82
|-
|PP-167
|[[PP-161 Lahore-XVIII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXIV]]
|[[Nazir Ahmad Chohan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,680
|43.66
|Mian Muhammad Saleem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|38,444
|41.26
|2,236
|54.19
|-
|PP-168
|[[PP-159 Lahore-XVI#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXV]]
|[[Khawaja Saad Rafique]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|34,119
|54.37
|Muhammad Fiaz Bhatti
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|14,950
|23.82
|19,169
|50.32
|-
|PP-169
|[[PP-158 Lahore-XV#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXVI]]
|[[Akhtar Hussain Badshah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31.460
|54.17
|Nakash Saleem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|13,236
|22.79
|18,224
|53.46
|-
|PP-170
|[[PP-162 Lahore-XIX#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXVII]]
|[[Muhammad Amin Zulqernain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|25,215
|47.16
|Imran Javaid
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|20,765
|38.83
|4,450
|54.47
|-
|PP-171
|[[PP-165 Lahore-XXII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXVIII]]
|[[Rana Muhammad Tariq|Rana Muhamamd Tariq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,664
|42.12
|Javaid Umar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|18,345
|25.20
|12,319
|54.64
|-
|PP-172
|[[PP-164 Lahore-XXI#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXIX]]
|[[Muhammad Mirza Javed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|24,382
|30.38
|Abdul Rasheed Bhatti
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|18,710
|23.31
|5,672
|57.92
|-
|PP-173
|[[PP-166 Lahore-XXIII#2018 Elections|Lahore-XXX]]
|[[Sarfraz Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,731
|45.10
|Irfan Shafi Khokhar
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|27,640
|41.93
|2,091
|55.51
|-
| rowspan="9" |[[Kasur District|Kasur]]
|PP-174
|[[PP-176 Kasur-III#2018 Elections|Kasur-I]]
|[[Muhammad Naeem Safdar Ansari|Muhammad Naeem Safdar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,485
|50.90
|Muhammad Maqsood Sabir Ansari
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|24,852
|22.80
|30,633
|56.64
|-
|PP-175
|[[PP-175 Kasur-II#2018 Elections|Kasur-II]]
|[[Malik Ahmad Saeed Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,140
|34.17
|Muzammil Masood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|28,063
|22.76
|14,077
|61.04
|-
|PP-176
|[[PP-177 Kasur-IV#2018 Elections|Kasur-III]]
|[[Malik Ahmad Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,339
|41.10
|Sardar Muhammad Hussain
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|31,486
|25.71
|18,853
|62.81
|-
|PP-177
|[[PP-179 Kasur-VI#2018 Elections|Kasur-IV]]
|[[Muhammad Hashim Dogar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,606
|32.82
|Ahsan Raza Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|39,936
|31.51
|1,670
|60.03
|-
|PP-178
|[[PP-178 Kasur-V#2018 Elections|Kasur-V]]
|[[Sheikh Allauddin|Sheikh Alla Uddin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,404
|30.67
|[[Mian Humble Sana Kareemi|Humble Sanaa Kareemi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|28,727
|23.55
|8,677
|60.51
|-
|PP-179
|[[PP-180 Kasur-VII#2018 Elections|Kasur-VI]]
|[[Malik Mukhtar Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,330
|23.66
|[[Mehmood Anwar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|25,621
|20.66
|3,709
|59.62
|-
|PP-180
|[[PP-181 Kasur-VIII#2018 Elections|Kasur-VII]]
|[[Sardar Asif Nakai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|54,092
|45.59
|[[Rana Muhammad Hayat|Rana Muhammad Hayat Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,177
|38.92
|7,915
|61.35
|-
|PP-181
|[[PP-182 Kasur-IX#2018 Elections|Kasur-VIII]]
|[[Rana Muhammad Iqbal Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,600
|38.88
|Rana Muhammad Aslam Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,524
|36.20
|3,076
|61.04
|-
|PP-182
|[[PP-174 Kasur-I#2018 Elections|Kasur-IX]]
|[[Muhammad Ilyas Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,038
|35.14
|Muhammad Dawar Hayat
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|18,611
|15.20
|24,427
|61.43
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Okara District|Okara]]
|PP-183
|[[PP-183 Okara-I#2018 Elections|Okara-I]]
|[[Javaid Alla-ud-Din Sajid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,493
|33.24
|Muhammad Javed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,812
|23.32
|12,681
|59.92
|-
|PP-184
|[[PP-187 Okara-V#2018 Elections|Okara-II]]
|[[Jugnu Mohsin|Syeda Maimanat Mohsin]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|63,226
|48.49
|[[Syed Raza Ali Gillani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|41,621
|31.92
|21,605
|58.65
|-
|PP-185
|[[PP-189 Okara-VII#2018 Elections|Okara-III]]
|[[Chaudry Iftikhar Hussain Chachar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,921
|41.34
|Rubina Shaheen Wattoo
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,641
|36.03
|6,280
|57.85
|-
|PP-186
|[[PP-190 Okara-VIII#2018 Elections|Okara-IV]]
|[[Noor Ul Amin Wattoo]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|57,463
|46.88
|Khurrum Jahangir Watto
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|50,399
|41.06
|7,064
|57.00
|-
|PP-187
|[[PP-188 Okara-VI#2018 Elections|Okara-V]]
|[[Malik Ali Abbas Khokhar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,524
|38.38
|Chaudhry Tariq Irshad Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|37,013
|31.90
|7,511
|57.87
|-
|PP-188
|[[PP-186 Okara-IV#2018 Elections|Okara-VI]]
|[[Mian Yawar Zaman]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|54,806
|47.80
|Ch M Abdullah Tahir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|52,246
|45.57
|2,560
|60.69
|-
|PP-189
|[[PP-185 Okara-III#2018 Elections|Okara-VII]]
|[[Muneeb-ul-Haq|Muneeb ul Haq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|69,561
|57.45
|Muhammad Saleem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,580
|33.52
|28,981
|53.72
|-
|PP-190
|[[PP-184 Okara-II#2018 Elections|Okara-VIII]]
|[[Ghulam Raza]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,164
|31.08
|Hamad Aslam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,241
|30.40
|923
|60.86
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
|PP-191
|[[PP-192 Pakpattan-II#2018 Elections|Pakpattan-I]]
|[[Muhammad Farrukh Mumtaz Maneka]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|29,388
|27.75
|[[Farooq Ahmad Khan Maneka|Farooq Ahmad Maneka]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|29,277
|27.65
|111
|57.45
|-
|PP-192
|[[PP-193 Pakpattan-III#2018 Elections|Pakpattan-II]]
|[[Mian Naveed Ali]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,016
|42.64
|Azmat Muhammad Chishti
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,526
|32.22
|11,490
|57.41
|-
|PP-193
|[[PP-191 Pakpattan-I#2018 Elections|Pakpattan-III]]
|[[Ahmad Shah Khagga|Ahmad Shah Khaga]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,147
|39.86
|[[Sardar Mansab Ali Dogar|Sardar Mansib Ali Dogar]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|31,914
|28.18
|13,233
|58.06
|-
|PP-194
|[[PP-195 Pakpattan-V#2018 Elections|Pakpattan-IV]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Naeem Ibrahim]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|61,573
|47.61
|[[Farrukh Javed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|54,374
|42.04
|7,199
|60.71
|-
|PP-195
|[[PP-194 Pakpattan-IV#2018 Elections|Pakpattan-V]]
|[[Pir Kashif Ali Chishty|Kashif Ali Chishty]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,670
|40.78
|Khan Ameer Hamza Rath
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,221
|32.02
|10,449
|59.52
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
|PP-196
|[[PP-196 Sahiwal-I#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-I]]
|[[Peer Khizer Hayat Shah Khagga]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|50,412
|44.12
|Muzaffar Shah Khagga
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,680
|26.85
|19,732
|56.53
|-
|PP-197
|[[PP-197 Sahiwal-II#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-II]]
|[[Malik Nadeem Kamran]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|63,252
|52.03
|Sheikh Muhammad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|40,970
|33.70
|22,282
|54.75
|-
|PP-198
|[[PP-199 Sahiwal-IV#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-III]]
|[[Muhammad Arshad Malik]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,301
|39.68
|Malik Faisal Ahmad Dhakoo
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|31,225
|26.76
|15,076
|59.43
|-
|PP-199
|[[PP-198 Sahiwal-III#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-IV]]
|[[Naveed Aslam Khan Lodhi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,707
|40.07
|Irshad Hussain
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|28,187
|27.08
|13,520
|56.04
|-
|PP-200
|[[PP-200 Sahiwal-V#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-V]]
|[[Rana Riaz Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,989
|42.86
|Waheed Asghar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,967
|34.09
|10,022
|53.98
|-
|PP-201
|[[PP-202 Sahiwal-VII#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-VI]]
|[[Rai Muhammad Murtaza Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|66,551
|51.72
|Muhammad Hanif
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,979
|38.07
|17,572
|56.47
|-
|PP-202
|[[PP-201 Sahiwal-VI#2018 Elections|Sahiwal-VII]]
|[[Nauman Ahmad Langrial]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|57,540
|50.83
|Shahid Munir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,349
|39.18
|13,191
|58.71
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
|PP-203
|[[PP-203 Khanewal-I#2018 Elections|Khanewal-I]]
|[[Syed Khawar Ali Shah]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|48,672
|43.95
|[[Muhammad Akbar Hayat Hiraj]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,267
|42.68
|1,405
|62.15
|-
|PP-204
|[[PP-204 Khanewal-II#2018 Elections|Khanewal-II]]
|[[Syed Hussain Jahania Gardezi|Hussain Jahania Gardezi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|51,074
|45.91
|Abbas Zafar Hiraj
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,042
|29.70
|18,032
|57.79
|-
|PP-205
|[[PP-205 Khanewal-III#2018 Elections|Khanewal-III]]
|[[Hamid Yar Hiraj]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|57,203
|48.02
|Chaudhry Fazal Ur Rehman
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|54,290
|45.58
|2,913
|60.28
|-
|PP-206
|[[PP-206 Khanewal-IV#2018 Elections|Khanewal-IV]]
|[[Nishat Khan Daha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,478
|45.02
|Rana Muhammad Saleem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,917
|41.91
|3,561
|57.18
|-
|PP-207
|[[PP-207 Khanewal-V#2018 Elections|Khanewal-V]]
|[[Syed Abbas Ali Shah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,227
|38.26
|[[Amir Hayat Hiraj]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,341
|35.71
|2,886
|58.60
|-
|PP-208
|[[PP-208 Khanewal-VI#2018 Elections|Khanewal-VI]]
|[[Rana Babar Hussain Abid|Babar Hussain Abid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,067
|46.46
|Muhammad Jamshaid Shoukat
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|52,690
|44.45
|2,377
|59.08
|-
|PP-209
|[[PP-209 Khanewal-VII#2018 Elections|Khanewal-VII]]
|[[Muhammad Faisal Khan Niazi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|55,273
|43.63
|Abdul Razzaq Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,064
|30.83
|16,209
|61.28
|-
|PP-210
|[[PP-210 Khanewal-VIII#2018 Elections|Khanewal-VIII]]
|[[Haji Atta Ur Rehman]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,923
|40.26
|[[Khalid Javed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,651
|37.57
|3,272
|61.72
|-
| rowspan="13" |[[Multan District|Multan]]
|PP-211
|[[PP-211 Multan-I#2018 Elections|Multan-I]]
|[[Ali Haider Gillani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|39,534
|37.00
|Chaudhry Khalid Javed Warraich
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,909
|26.12
|11,625
|59.95
|-
|PP-212
|[[PP-212 Multan-II#2018 Elections|Multan-II]]
|[[Muhammad Saleem Akhtar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,066
|27.16
|Nazim Ali
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|21,875
|22.79
|4,191
|55.60
|-
|PP-213
|[[PP-213 Multan-III#2018 Elections|Multan-III]]
|[[Nawabzada Waseem Khan Badozai|Waseem Khan Badozai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,592
|48.26
|Malik Muhammad Ali
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|27,814
|28.81
|18,778
|49.38
|-
|PP-214
|[[PP-214 Multan-IV#2018 Elections|Multan-IV]]
|[[Muhammad Zaheer ud Din Khan Alizai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,258
|49.33
|Malik Asif Rafique Rajwana
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|25,218
|26.32
|20,040
|48.35
|-
|PP-215
|[[PP-215 Multan-V#2018 Elections|Multan-V]]
|[[Javed Akhtar Ansari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|51,703
|53.03
|Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31,151
|31.95
|20,552
|48.85
|-
|PP-216
|[[PP-216 Multan-VI#2018 Elections|Multan-VI]]
|[[Muhammad Nadeem Qureshi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|56,872
|45.76
|[[Ehsan ud Din Qureshi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|44,524
|35.82
|12,348
|50.53
|-
|PP-217
|[[PP-217 Multan-VII#2018 Elections|Multan-VII]]
|[[Muhammad Salman Naeem]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|35,300
|37.78
|[[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|31,734
|33.96
|3,566
|51.37
|-
|PP-218
|[[PP-218 Multan-VIII#2018 Elections|Multan-VIII]]
|[[Malik Mazhar Abbas Raan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,872
|39.70
|Malik Muhammad Abbas
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|37,530
|32.48
|8,342
|59.11
|-
|PP-219
|[[PP-219 Multan-IX#2018 Elections|Multan-IX]]
|[[Muhammad Akhtar Malik|Muhammad Akhtar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,109
|39.88
|[[Muhammad Iqbal (Pakistani politician)|Muhammad Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|25,021
|25.51
|14,088
|57.12
|-
|PP-220
|[[PP-220 Multan-X#2018 Elections|Multan-X]]
|[[Mian Tariq Abdullah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,628
|31.30
|[[Mian Kamran Muhammad Abdullah|Kamran Muhammad Abdullah]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|32,875
|30.60
|753
|57.76
|-
|PP-221
|[[PP-221 Multan-XI#2018 Elections|Multan-XI]]
|[[Rana Ijaz Ahmad Noon]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,077
|44.59
|Sohail Ahmad Noon
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,609
|30.25
|15,468
|55.79
|-
|PP-222
|[[PP-222 Multan-XII#2018 Elections|Multan-XII]]
|[[Malik Ghulam Abbas]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,521
|42.77
|[[Mehdi Abbas Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,017
|32.41
|11,504
|58.64
|-
|PP-223
|[[PP-223 Multan-XIII#2018 Elections|Multan-XIII]]
|[[Naghma Mushtaq]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,935
|43.97
|Malik Muhammad Akram Kahon
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,588
|41.77
|2,347
|54.71
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
|PP-224
|[[PP-224 Lodhran-I#2018 Elections|Lodhran-I]]
|[[Zawar Hussain Warraich]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|60,872
|50.85
|[[Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Shah]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,253
|40.31
|12,619
|62.11
|-
|PP-225
|[[PP-225 Lodhran-II#2018 Elections|Lodhran-II]]
|[[Pirzada Muhammad Jahangir Sultan|Muhammad Jahangir Bhutta]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,316
|36.69
|Tahir Hussain Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,767
|35.28
|1,549
|61.79
|-
|PP-226
|[[PP-226 Lodhran-III#2018 Elections|Lodhran-III]]
|[[Shah Muhammad Joya]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,835
|41.51
|[[Rana Muhammad Faraz Noon]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,347
|39.04
|2,488
|58.15
|-
|PP-227
|[[PP-227 Lodhran-IV#2018 Elections|Lodhran-IV]]
|[[Siddique Khan Baloch|Muhammad Sidique Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,086
|49.86
|Nawab Aman Ullah Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,068
|42.47
|7,018
|55.42
|-
|PP-228
|[[PP-228 Lodhran-V#2018 Elections|Lodhran-V]]
|[[Nazir Ahmad Khan (Pakistani politician)|Nazir Ahmad Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|43,256
|41.78
|[[Syed Rafi Uddin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|39,869
|38.51
|3,387
|57.34
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Vehari District|Vehari]]
|PP-229
|[[PP-229 Vehari-I#2018 Elections|Vehari-I]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Yousaf Kaselya]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,434
|33.45
|Humayon Iftikhar Chishti
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,321
|21.78
|14,113
|57.69
|-
|PP-230
|[[PP-231 Vehari-III#2018 Elections|Vehari-II]]
|[[Khalid Mehmood Dogar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,929
|33.59
|Khalid Zubair Nisar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,945
|29.97
|3,984
|54.17
|-
|PP-231
|[[PP-230 Vehari-II#2018 Elections|Vehari-III]]
|[[Mian Irfan Aqeel Daultana|Mian Irfan Aqueel Daultana]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|17,125
|16.15
|[[Ishaq Khan Khakwani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|16,229
|15.31
|896
|56.76
|-
|PP-232
|[[PP-232 Vehari-IV#2018 Elections|Vehari-IV]]
|[[Muhammad Ejaz Hussain]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,346
|25.90
|[[Bilal Akbar Bhatti]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|25,515
|24.17
|1,831
|59.14
|-
|PP-233
|[[PP-233 Vehari-V#2018 Elections|Vehari-V]]
|[[Rai Zahoor Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|35,127
|31.27
|Saeed Ahmad Khan Manais
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|24,977
|22.24
|10,150
|60.21
|-
|PP-234
|[[PP-234 Vehari-VI#2018 Elections|Vehari-VI]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Saqib Khurshid|Muhammad Saqib Khurshid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,992
|32.29
|Zahid Iqbal Chaudhry
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|34,562
|29.38
|3,430
|55.68
|-
|PP-235
|[[PP-236 Vehari-VIII#2018 Elections|Vehari-VII]]
|[[Muhammad Ali Raza Khan Khakwani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|49,759
|44.25
|Asif Saeed
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,963
|39.01
|5,796
|58.96
|-
|PP-236
|[[PP-235 Vehari-VII#2018 Elections|Vehari-VIII]]
|[[Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan Khichi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,033
|37.48
|Azhar Ahmad Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|20,490
|20.19
|17,543
|53.87
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
|PP-237
|[[PP-237 Bahawalnagar-I#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-I]]
|[[Mian Fida Hussain Wattoo]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|56,862
|47.74
|Muhammad Tariq Usman
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|47,763
|40.10
|9,099
|65.03
|-
|PP-238
|[[PP-238 Bahawalnagar-II#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-II]]
|[[Shoukat Ali Laleka]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|47,242
|47.13
|Nazar Muhammad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,946
|39.85
|7,296
|60.72
|-
|PP-239
|[[PP-239 Bahawalnagar-III#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-III]]
|[[Rana Abdul Rauf]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,573
|38.99
|Ehtesham ul Haq Laleka
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|25,813
|23.64
|16,760
|56.53
|-
|PP-240
|[[PP-240 Bahawalnagar-IV#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-IV]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Jameel]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|23,681
|23.74
|[[Mumtaz Ahmad Maharwi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|17,841
|13.83
|5,840
|57.43
|-
|PP-241
|[[PP-244 Bahawalnagar-VIII#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-V]]
|[[Chaudhry Kashif Mahmood]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|49,005
|44.87
|Malik Muhammad Muzaffar Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,737
|40.96
|4,268
|56.17
|-
|PP-242
|[[PP-243 Bahawalnagar-VII#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-VI]]
|[[Chaudhry Zahid Akram]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|41,179
|34.90
|Muhammad Abdullah Vains
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,995
|31.35
|4,184
|59.47
|-
|PP-243
|[[PP-241 Bahawalnagar-V#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-VII]]
|[[Chaudhry Mazhar Iqbal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,138
|36.79
|Ghulam Murtaza
| style="color:inherit;background:#87c001" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Z)|PML(Z)]]
|39,388
|31.40
|6,750
|60.07
|-
|PP-244
|[[PP-242 Bahawalnagar-VI#2018 Elections|Bahawalnagar-VIII]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Arshad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,163
|34.28
|Kashif Naveed
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|31,485
|26.87
|8,678
|60.85
|-
| rowspan="10" |[[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
|PP-245
|[[PP-253 Bahawalpur-IX#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-I]]
|[[Zaheer Iqbal Channar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,200
|50.74
|Muhammad Asgher
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,246
|45.41
|4,954
|54.57
|-
|PP-246
|[[PP-254 Bahawalpur-X#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-II]]
|[[Sami Ullah Chaudhary]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,260
|50.03
|Rana Tariq Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|36,868
|39.87
|9,392
|50.21
|-
|PP-247
|[[PP-245 Bahawalpur-I#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-III]]
|[[Kazim Ali Pirzada]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|51,497
|45.18
|Muhammad Nawaz
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|29,917
|26.25
|21,580
|60.79
|-
|PP-248
|[[PP-246 Bahawalpur-II#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-IV]]
|[[Muhammad Afzal Gill]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|48,983
|40.39
|Khalil Ahmad
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|34,778
|28.68
|14,205
|59.41
|-
|PP-249
|[[PP-247 Bahawalpur-III#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-V]]
|[[Ehsan-ul-Haque Chaudhry]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|48,433
|41.45
|[[Chaudhry Khalid Mehmood Jajja]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,868
|40.97
|565
|62.51
|-
|PP-250
|[[PP-248 Bahawalpur-IV#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-VI]]
|[[Muhammad Afzal (politician)|Muhammad Afzal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML(Q)]]
|51,311
|47.62
|Saad Masood
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|47,797
|44.53
|3,514
|66.04
|-
|PP-251
|[[PP-251 Bahawalpur-VII#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-VII]]
|[[Malik Khalid Mehmood Babar|Khalid Mehmood Babar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|43,058
|42.06
|Malik Jahanzaib Waron
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|21,806
|21.30
|21,252
|55.79
|-
|PP-252
|[[PP-252 Bahawalpur-VIII#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-VIII]]
|[[Mian Muhammad Shoaib Awaisi|Muhammad Shoaib Awaisi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|45,467
|42.18
|Ahmed Usman Nawaz
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,406
|24.50
|19,061
|56.25
|-
|PP-253
|[[PP-249 Bahawalpur-V#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-IX]]
|[[Sahibzada Gazain Abbasi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,420
|40.38
|[[Qazi Adnan Fareed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|31,364
|34.77
|5,056
|51.72
|-
|PP-254
|[[PP-250 Bahawalpur-VI#2018 Elections|Bahawalpur-X]]
|[[Makhdoom Syed Iftikhar Hassan Gillani|Syed Iftikhar Hassan Gillani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,665
|37.52
|Syed Aamir Ali Shah
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|27,408
|28.04
|9,257
|53.75
|-
| rowspan="13" |[[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
|PP-255
|[[PP-255 Rahim Yar Khan-I#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-I]]
|[[Sardar Ghaznafar Ali Khan]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|40,314
|40.22
|Muhammad Masood Alam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|39,077
|38.98
|1,237
|57.72
|-
|PP-256
|[[PP-256 Rahim Yar Khan-II#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-II]]
|[[Muhammad Aamir Nawaz Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,468
|36.09
|[[Qazi Ahmad Saeed]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|31,552
|31.23
|4,916
|55.01
|-
|PP-257
|[[PP-257 Rahim Yar Khan-III#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-III]]
|[[Chaudhry Masood Ahmad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,914
|39.47
|Muhammad Islam Aslam
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,962
|28.83
|9,952
|58.79
|-
|PP-258
|[[PP-259 Rahim Yar Khan-V#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-IV]]
|[[Mian Shafi Muhammad]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,496
|39.36
|Mian Muhammad Aslam
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|31,478
|29.15
|11,018
|54.34
|-
|PP-259
|[[PP-260 Rahim Yar Khan-VI#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-V]]
|[[Hashim Jawan Bakht]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,582
|45.25
|Makhdoom Irtaza Hashmi
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|26,012
|25.27
|20,570
|53.80
|-
|PP-260
|[[PP-258 Rahim Yar Khan-IV#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-VI]]
|[[Muhammad Arshad Javed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|35,811
|33.39
|Abdul Majid
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,695
|25.83
|8,116
|53.32
|-
|PP-261
|[[PP-261 Rahim Yar Khan-VII#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-VII]]
|[[Hashim Jawan Bakht]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|38,051
|36.83
|Hassan Raza Hashmi
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|28,664
|27.75
|9,387
|57.68
|-
|PP-262
|[[PP-262 Rahim Yar Khan-VIII#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-VIII]]
|[[Chaudhry Asif Majeed|Asif Majeed]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|48,799
|43.62
|[[Muhammad Omar Jaffar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|33,708
|30.13
|15,091
|53.64
|-
|PP-263
|[[PP-263 Rahim Yar Khan-IX#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-IX]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Shafique]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|46,481
|39.76
|Mehmood Ul Hassan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,023
|35.95
|4,458
|61.30
|-
|PP-264
|[[PP-264 Rahim Yar Khan-X#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-X]]
|[[Syed Usman Mehmood]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|51,458
|52.50
|Muhammad Tariq
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|21,905
|22.35
|29,553
|54.74
|-
|PP-265
|[[PP-267 Rahim Yar Khan-XIII#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-XI]]
|[[Rais Nabeel Ahmad]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|39,823
|43.19
|Muhammad Safdar Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|26,856
|29.13
|12,967
|56.27
|-
|PP-266
|[[PP-266 Rahim Yar Khan-XII#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-XII]]
|[[Mumtaz Ali Khan Chang]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|35,370
|37.95
|Shaukat Daud
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|20,886
|22.41
|14,484
|59.26
|-
|PP-267
|[[PP-265 Rahim Yar Khan-XI#2018 Elections|Rahim Yar Khan-XIII]]
|[[Chaudhry Muhammad Shafiq Anwar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|42,422
|41.65
|Sajjad Ahmad
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,029
|41.26
|393
|59.57
|-
| rowspan="12" |[[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
|PP-268
|[[PP-269 Kot Addu-I#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-I]]
|[[Malik Ghulam Qasim Hanjra]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,492
|31.05
|Rana Aurang Zaib
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|29,278
|29.81
|1,214
|62.65
|-
|PP-269
|[[PP-268 Kot Addu-cum-Muzaffargarh#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-II]]
|[[Azhar Abbas Chandia]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|28,310
|27.28
|Ghulam Murtaza Raheem
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|24,035
|23.16
|4,275
|62.80
|-
|PP-270
|[[PP-272 Muzaffargarh-I#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-III]]
|[[Abdul Hayi Dasti]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|17,717
|18.88
|Muhammad Ajmal Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#ff47d4" |
|[[Awami Raj Party|ARP]]
|17,700
|18.87
|17
|59.15
|-
|PP-271
|[[PP-275 Muzaffargarh-IV#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-IV]]
|[[Nawabzada Mansoor Ahmed Khan|Mansoor Ahmed Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|26,051
|24.95
|Muhammad Aamir Karamat
| style="color:inherit;background:#ff47d4" |
|[[Awami Raj Party|ARP]]
|18,554
|17.77
|7,497
|55.24
|-
|PP-272
|[[PP-276 Muzaffargarh-V#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-V]]
|[[Syed Basit Sultan Bukhari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|23,649
|26.37
|Muhammad Zia Ullah Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|18,227
|20.32
|5,422
|56.88
|-
|PP-273
|[[PP-278 Muzaffargarh-VII#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-VI]]
|[[Syed Muhammad Sibtain Raza|Muhammad Sibtain Raza]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|36,369
|34.39
|Rasool Baksh Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|24,572
|23.23
|11,797
|60.23
|-
|PP-274
|[[PP-279 Muzaffargarh-VIII#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-VII]]
|[[Muhammad Raza Hussain Bukhari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,858
|32.36
|Muhammad Nawab Khan Gopang
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|26,181
|30.41
|1,677
|60.90
|-
|PP-275
|[[PP-277 Muzaffargarh-VI#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-VIII]]
|[[Khurrum Sohail Khan Laghari]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|48,957
|46.40
|[[Abdul Qayyum Khan Jatoi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|33,954
|32.18
|15,003
|59.22
|-
|PP-276
|[[PP-274 Muzaffargarh-III#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-IX]]
|[[Muhammad Aoon Hamid|Muhammad Aown Hamid]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,154
|33.81
|Muhammad Jamil Ahmed Shah
| style="color:inherit;background:#000000" |
|[[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]]
|24,885
|26.17
|7,269
|59.98
|-
|PP-277
|[[PP-273 Muzaffargarh-II#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-X]]
|[[Mian Alamdar Abbas Qureshi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|34,314
|32.95
|Muhammad Iqbal Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|30,798
|29.57
|3,516
|64.59
|-
|PP-278
|[[PP-271 Kot Addu-III#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-XI]]
|[[Niaz Hussain Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|28,341
|28.09
|Muhammad Zeeshan Gurmani
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|23,040
|22.84
|5,301
|61.95
|-
|PP-279
|[[PP-270 Kot Addu-II#2018 Elections|Muzaffargarh-XII]]
|[[Muhammad Ashraf Khan Rind|Muhammad Ashraf khan Rind]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,606
|42.68
|Ahmad Yar
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|24,729
|24.77
|17,877
|62.49
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Layyah District|Layyah]]
|PP-280
|[[PP-280 Layyah-I#2018 Elections|Layyah-I]]
|[[Malik Ahmad Ali Aulakh]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|37,840
|31.05
|Muhammad Athar Maqbool
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,259
|26.47
|5,581
|62.50
|-
|PP-281
|[[PP-281 Layyah-II#2018 Elections|Layyah-II]]
|[[Sardar Shahab-ud-Din Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|33,203
|30.91
|Malik Abdul Shakoor
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|30,209
|28.12
|2,994
|62.31
|-
|PP-282
|[[PP-282 Layyah-III#2018 Elections|Layyah-III]]
|[[Muhammad Tahir Randhawa]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|37,774
|35.99
|[[Qaisar Abbas Khan Magsi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,179
|25.89
|10,595
|64.36
|-
|PP-283
|[[PP-284 Layyah-V#2018 Elections|Layyah-IV]]
|[[Mahar Ijaz Ahmad Achlana]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|46,405
|41.13
|Sajjad Hussain Khan
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|44,180
|39.16
|2,225
|67.16
|-
|PP-284
|[[PP-283 Layyah-IV#2018 Elections|Layyah-V]]
|[[Syed Rafaqat Ali Gillani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|33,062
|29.32
|Hashim Hussain
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|19,654
|17.43
|13,408
|63.59
|-
| rowspan="8" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|PP-285
|[[PP-285 Taunsa-I#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-I]]
|[[Khawaja Muhammad Dawood Sulemani]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,884
|30.86
|Sardar Meer Badshah Khan
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|26,172
|28.97
|1,712
|52.05
|-
|PP-286
|[[PP-286 Taunsa-II#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-II]]
|[[Usman Buzdar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|27,027
|35.33
|Nizam ul Mahmood
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|18,686
|24.43
|8,341
|53.25
|-
|PP-287
|[[PP-287 Taunsa-cum-Dera Ghazi Khan#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-III]]
|[[Javed Akhtar Khan Lund]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,847
|52.91
|[[Mohsin Atta Khan Khosa]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|33,716
|41.63
|9,131
|53.87
|-
|PP-288
|[[PP-288 Dera Ghazi Khan-I#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-IV]]
|[[Mohsin Atta Khan Khosa]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|39,490
|51.14
|[[Muhammad Saif-ud-Din Khosa]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|30,164
|39.06
|9,326
|49.76
|-
|PP-289
|[[PP-289 Dera Ghazi Khan-II#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-V]]
|[[Hanif Khan Pitafi]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|35,419
|37.28
|[[Shaheena Karim]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|18,536
|19.51
|16,883
|49.28
|-
|PP-290
|[[PP-290 Dera Ghazi Khan-III#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-VI]]
|[[Jamal Leghari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,105
|35.63
|Ahmad Khan Leghari
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|28,470
|31.60
|3,635
|52.18
|-
|PP-291
|[[PP-291 Dera Ghazi Khan-IV#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-VII]]
|[[Sardar Muhammad Mohiuddin Khosa|Muhammad Mohiuddin Khosa]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,161
|46.29
|[[Mehmood Qadir Khan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|40,040
|43.97
|2,121
|58.45
|-
|PP-292
|[[PP-292 Dera Ghazi Khan-V#2018 Elections|Dera Ghazi Khan-VIII]]
|[[Sardar Muhammad Khan Laghari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|32,316
|46.87
|[[Awais Leghari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|32,104
|46.56
|212
|50.82
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
|PP-293
|[[PP-293 Jampur-I#2018 Elections|Rajanpur-I]]
|[[Muhammad Mohsin Khan Leghari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|45,146
|44.23
|[[Sardar Sher Ali Gorchani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|33,505
|32.83
|11,641
|55.20
|-
|PP-294
|[[PP-294 Jampur-II#2018 Elections|Rajanpur-II]]
|[[Sardar Hasnain Bahadar Dreshak|Hasnain Bahadar Dreshak]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|41,618
|42.25
|[[Akhtar Hassan Khan Gorchani|Akhtar Hassan Gorchani]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|26,539
|26.94
|15,079
|56.48
|-
|PP-295
|[[PP-295 Rajanpur-I#2018 Elections|Rajanpur-III]]
|[[Sardar Farooq Amanullah Dreshak|Farooq Amanullah Dreshak]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|49,427
|47.23
|Parvez Iqbal Gorchani
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|37,766
|36.08
|11,661
|62.40
|-
|PP-296
|[[PP-296 Rajanpur-II#2018 Elections|Rajanpur-IV]]
|Muhammad Tariq Dreshak
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|42,190
|39.44
|Sardar Muhammad Yousuf
| style="color:inherit;background:#a6caf0" |
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|27,174
|25.40
|15,016
|62.72
|-
|PP-297
|[[PP-297 Rajanpur-III#2018 Elections|Rajanpur-V]]
|[[Dost Muhammad Mazari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
|[[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]]
|56,579
|57.97
|[[Sardar Atif Hussain Khan Mazari|Sardar Atif Khan Mazari]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
|[[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PML(N)]]
|37,468
|38.39
|19,111
|62.64
|}

=== Members elected on Reserved seats ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%;"
! class="unsortable" | '''Reserved Seats'''
! colspan="2" | Party
! Member
|-
| rowspan="66" |For Women
| rowspan="33" style="background-color:{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
| rowspan="33" | [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
|[[Yasmin Rashid]]
|-
|[[Sadiqa Sahibdad]]
|-
|[[Shamsa Ali]]
|-
|[[Nasrin Tariq]]
|-
|[[Shawana Bashir]]
|-
|[[Shamim Aftab]]
|-
|[[Firdous Rahna]]
|-
|[[Shahida Ahmed]]
|-
|[[Sumaira Ahmed]]
|-
|[[Syeda Zehra Naqvi]]
|-
|[[Ayesha Iqbal]]
|-
|[[Neelum Hayat Malik]]
|-
|[[Umul Banin Ali]]
|-
|[[Uzma Kardar]]
|-
|[[Musarrat Jamshed]]
|-
|[[Saadia Sohail Rana]]
|-
|[[Rashida Khanum]]
|-
|[[Farhat Farooq]]
|-
|[[Shaheen Raza]]
|-
|[[Talat Fatemeh Naqvi]]
|-
|[[Shaheena Karim]]
|-
|[[Asia Amjad]]
|-
|[[Seemabia Tahir]]
|-
|[[Momina Waheed]]
|-
|[[Aisha Nawaz]]
|-
|[[Zainab Umair]]
|-
|[[Farah Agha]]
|-
|[[Syed Farah Azmi]]
|-
|[[Sajida Begum]]
|-
|[[Sajida Yousaf]]
|-
|[[Shabeen Gul Khan]]
|-
|[[Sabrina Javaid]]
|-
|[[Abida Bibi]]
|-
| rowspan="30" style="background-color:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
| rowspan="30" | [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]
| [[Zakia Shahnawaz Khan]]
|-
| [[Mehwish Sultana]]
|-
| [[Azma Zahid Bukhari]]
|-
| [[Begum Ishrat Ashraf]]
|-
| [[Sadia Nadeem Malik]]
|-
| [[Hina Pervaiz Butt]]
|-
| [[Sania Ashiq]]
|-
| [[Tahia Noon]]
|-
| [[Uswah Aftab]]
|-
| [[Saba Sadiq]]
|-
| [[Kanwal Pervaiz]]
|-
| [[Gulnaz Shahzadi]]
|-
| [[Rabia Nusrat]]
|-
| [[Haseena Begum]]
|-
| [[Rahat Afza]]
|-
| [[Munira Yamin Satti]]
|-
| [[Rukhsana Kausar (politician)|Rukhsana Kausar]]
|-
| [[Salma Saadia Taimoor]]
|-
| [[Khalida Mansoor]]
|-
| [[Rabia Ahmed Butt]]
|-
| [[Rabia Naseem Farooqi]]
|-
| [[Faiza Mushtaq]]
|-
| [[Bushra Anjum Butt]]
|-
| [[Uzma Qadri]]
|-
| [[Sumera Komal]]
|-
| [[Raheela Naeem]]
|-
| [[Sumbal Malik Hussain]]
|-
| [[Aneeza Fatima]]
|-
| [[Nafisa Ameen]]
|-
| [[Zaib un Nisa Awan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (Q)}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]]
| [[Basma Riaz Choudhry]]
|-
| [[Khadija Umar]]
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Pakistan People's Party}} |
| [[Pakistan People's Party|Pakistan Peoples Party]]
| [[Shazia Abid]]
|-
| rowspan="8" | For Non-Muslims
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf}}" |
| rowspan="4" | [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| [[Haroon Imran Gill]]
|-
| [[Ijaz Masih]]
|-
| [[Mahindar Pall Singh]]
|-
| [[Peter Gill (politician)|Peter Gill]]
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League (N)}}" |
| rowspan="4" | [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]
| [[Khalil Tahir Sandhu]]
|-
| [[Joyce Rofin Julius]]
|-
| [[Munir Masih Khokhar]]
|-
| [[Tariq Masih Gill]]
|}

==See also==
*[[2022 Punjab provincial by-election]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
<references />

{{Pakistani general election, 2018}}
{{Punjab, Pakistan elections}}
{{Constituencies of Punjab Assembly}}

[[Category:2018 elections in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Elections in Punjab, Pakistan|2018]]

Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan)

2025-08-13T18:20:29Z

Advsunilnshah: Started basic article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian political party in Goa formed in 2002}}
{{More sources needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan)''' was a group of politicians from [[Goa]] which broke away from the Opposition [[Indian National Congress]] on 17 August 2002.

This group was led by the former Speaker of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa assembly]], Haji [[Sheikh Hassan Haroon]]. Five members of the legislative assembly joined the split.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3f5tAAAAMAAJ |title=Data India |date=2000 |publisher=Press Institute of India |pages=604 |language=en}}</ref> The new party declared its support to the then [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)-[[Goa People's Congress]] government. However, four of the MLAs quickly deserted Sheikh Hassan and joined the BJP, the dominant partner of the then ruling coalition, which came to power in [[Goa]] mainly by splitting up the Congress and other political parties.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

In October 2002 INC(SH) was included in the [[Government of Goa]]. Sheikh Hassan was appointed Minister of Industry and Handicraft and his party colleague [[Prakash Velip]] was appointed minister of cooperation, official languages, among other portfolios.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

In the state elections 2002 Sheikh Hassan Haroon stood as a BJP candidate, and lost. Later, following the anti-Muslim communal riots in [[Curchorem]], Sheikh Hassan moved away from the BJP which was out of power by this time, in early 2006 and cited the [[Curchorem]] violence as the reason for doing so. The current status of INC(SH) is unclear.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

He died on 7 May 2021 in Goa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-07 |title=Sheikh Hassan Haroon, Goa's first Muslim minister, passes away at 84 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/sheikh-hassan-haroon-goas-first-muslim-minister-passes-away-at-84/articleshow/82443308.cms |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Goa]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Goa]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2002]]

Madpur, Punjab

2025-07-28T04:16:20Z

Advsunilnshah: created stub!

{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
'''Madpur Village''' is situated in [[Ludhiana district]], in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It is 48 km from the district [[headquarters]] in Ludhiana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madpur, Samrala Village information {{!}} Soki.In |url=https://soki.in/madpur-samrala-ludhiana |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=soki.in }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Madpur also has [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]]. Madpur Village's population is 2,168 people, of which the male population is 1,132 and the female population is 1,052.{{fact|date=June 2023}}

Madpur Village's [[Postal Index Number|Pin code]] is 141114.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MADPUR Pin Code - 141114, Ludhiana All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search LUDHIANA Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/punjab/ludhiana/madpur-pincode-141114.html |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|30|49|23|N|76|07|29|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Ludhiana district]]

{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}