Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Urdu Transliteration

2026-07-26T11:42:15Z

Adarshatva:

'''Urdu transliteration''', also known as '''Roman Urdu''' refers to the process of converting [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu script]] into Roman alphabet notation, enabling representation of Urdu words and phrases using Latin characters for practical purposes such as digital communication, academic research, and cross-linguistic accessibility. This transliteration serves as a bridge between [[Urdu]]-speaking communities and non-Urdu readers, facilitating the typing and display of Urdu content on devices that lack native Urdu keyboard support, while also supporting linguistic analysis and language learning initiatives. Various standardized transliteration systems exist, including the National Language Authority's system used in Pakistan and multiple academic standards in India, each with its own conventions for representing Urdu's characteristic sounds, diacritics, and grammatical structures. The practice has gained particular significance in the digital age, where social media platforms, messaging applications, and online publishing frequently require Urdu content to be rendered in Latin script alongside or instead of the traditional Perso-Arabic script.

According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani in 2004: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]] lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like [[Jang Group]] have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu)."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-01 |title=1 - Number One News Resource of Pakistan - The News - Jang Group |url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040301145532/http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-date=2004-03-01 |access-date=2022-09-27 }}</ref>

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Urdu Transliteration

2026-07-26T11:41:42Z

Adarshatva:

'''Urdu transliteration''', also known as '''Roman Urdu''' refers to the process of converting [[Urdu Alphabet|Urdu script]] into Roman alphabet notation, enabling representation of Urdu words and phrases using Latin characters for practical purposes such as digital communication, academic research, and cross-linguistic accessibility. This transliteration serves as a bridge between [[Urdu]]-speaking communities and non-Urdu readers, facilitating the typing and display of Urdu content on devices that lack native Urdu keyboard support, while also supporting linguistic analysis and language learning initiatives. Various standardized transliteration systems exist, including the National Language Authority's system used in Pakistan and multiple academic standards in India, each with its own conventions for representing Urdu's characteristic sounds, diacritics, and grammatical structures. The practice has gained particular significance in the digital age, where social media platforms, messaging applications, and online publishing frequently require Urdu content to be rendered in Latin script alongside or instead of the traditional Perso-Arabic script.

According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani in 2004: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]] lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like [[Jang Group]] have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu)."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-01 |title=1 - Number One News Resource of Pakistan - The News - Jang Group |url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040301145532/http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-date=2004-03-01 |access-date=2022-09-27 }}</ref>

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Urdu Transliteration

2026-07-26T11:41:10Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "'''Urdu transliteration''', also known as '''Roman Urdu''' refers to the process of converting Urdu script into Roman alphabet notation, enabling representation of Urdu words and phrases using Latin characters for practical purposes such as digital communication, academic research, and cross-linguistic accessibility. This transliteration serves as a bridge between Urdu-speaking communities and non-Urdu readers, facilitating the typing and display of Urdu content on devic..."

'''Urdu transliteration''', also known as '''Roman Urdu''' refers to the process of converting Urdu script into Roman alphabet notation, enabling representation of Urdu words and phrases using Latin characters for practical purposes such as digital communication, academic research, and cross-linguistic accessibility. This transliteration serves as a bridge between Urdu-speaking communities and non-Urdu readers, facilitating the typing and display of Urdu content on devices that lack native Urdu keyboard support, while also supporting linguistic analysis and language learning initiatives. Various standardized transliteration systems exist, including the National Language Authority's system used in Pakistan and multiple academic standards in India, each with its own conventions for representing Urdu's characteristic sounds, diacritics, and grammatical structures. The practice has gained particular significance in the digital age, where social media platforms, messaging applications, and online publishing frequently require Urdu content to be rendered in Latin script alongside or instead of the traditional Perso-Arabic script.

According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani in 2004: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]] lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like [[Jang Group]] have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu)."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-01 |title=1 - Number One News Resource of Pakistan - The News - Jang Group |url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040301145532/http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2003-daily/08-09-2003/oped/o5.htm |archive-date=2004-03-01 |access-date=2022-09-27 }}</ref>

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Roman Urdu

2026-07-26T11:35:58Z

Adarshatva: Redirected page to Urdu Transliteration

#REDIRECT[[Urdu Transliteration]]

Urdu alphabet

2026-07-26T11:35:10Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Perso-Arabic-based alphabet used for Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Urdu Alphabet
|altname={{font|size=130%|{{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی‎}}}}}} उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी
|type=Abjad
|languages=[[Urdu]], [[Balti language|Balti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balti alphabet and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/balti.htm |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Shina language|Shina]], infrequent use in [[Burushaski]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir |author1-link=Elena Bashir| first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref> others
|region=
* {{IND}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{SAF}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>
|sample=Urdu example.svg
|imagesize=120px
|caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu''
|time=
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam4=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam5=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|fam6=[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf U+0600 to U+06FF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0750.pdf U+0750 to U+077F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf U+FB50 to U+FDFF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE70.pdf U+FE70 to U+FEFF]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

{{Arabic script sidebar|Urdu}}
{{Writing systems worldwide}}
{{Officially used writing systems in India}}

The '''Urdu alphabet'''{{refn|group=A|name=Urdu|{{Lang-ur|{{uninastaliq
|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی}}}} 
Nagarisation: उर्दू हुरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी [[Urdu Transliteration|Romanisation]]: Urdū huruf-e-tahajjī}} is the [[right-to-left]] [[alphabet]] used for [[Urdu]]. It is a modification of the [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39<ref name="book: project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> or 40<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |title=Urdu |website=Omniglot}}</ref> distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the [[calligraphic]] [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʿlīq script]], whereas [[Arabic]] is more commonly written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] (called [[Roman Urdu]]) omit many [[phoneme|phonemic]] elements that have no equivalent in [[English language|English]] or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.

== History ==

The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] and has its origins in 13th century [[Iran]]. It is closely related to the development of the [[Nasta{{Okina}}liq]] style of Perso-Arabic script.

Despite the invention of the [[Urdu keyboard|Urdu typewriter]] in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''[[katib]]s'' or ''[[khush-navees]]'' until the late 1980s. The [[Pakistan]]i [[national newspaper]] ''[[Daily Jang]]'' was the first Urdu [[newspaper]] to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the [[internet]]. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs.

Other than the [[Indian subcontinent]], the Urdu script is also used by [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistan's large diaspora]], including in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and other places.<ref name="omniglot.com"/>

== Nastaliq ==
[[File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Example showing Nastaliq's (Persian) proportion rules.{{cn|date=November 2022}}]]
{{Main|Nastaliq}}

Urdu is written in the [[Nastaliq]] style ({{lang-fa|{{uninastaliq|نستعلیق}}}} Nastaʿlīq). The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style began as a [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] mixture of the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] and [[Ta'liq script|Ta'liq]] scripts. After the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Mughal conquest]], Nasta{{Okina}}liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

In the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written uses more than three general forms for many letters, even in simple non-decorative documents.<ref>{{cite book |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |chapter=*positional chart* |via=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

== Alphabet ==
The Urdu script is an [[abjad]] script derived from the modern [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in [[Semitic languages]] like Arabic and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an [[Indo-European language]], which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/919270|title=Controversy over number of letters in Urdu alphabet|date=15 June 2009|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

{{-}}

=== Letter names and phonemes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Name{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=XV–XVI}}
! colspan="4" | Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan=2 | [[Roman Urdu|Romanization]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! colspan=3 | Order
|-
! Urdu [[Roman Urdu]]
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! style="white-space:nowrap;" | ALA-LC<ref name="LoC">{{cite web | title=Urdu romanization | url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf | publisher=The Library of Congress }}</ref>
! [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]<ref name="Hunterian">Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85.pdf No. 85] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85-ad1.pdf No. 85 Add. 1.]</ref>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| dictionary order<ref name="Colloquial Urdu - order">{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tej K. |last2=Khoul |first2=Ashok |last3=Koul |first3=Ashok |title=Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30471-5 |pages=41–42 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VsVzCgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PT40 |access-date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }}
! style="font-size:110%;" | <ref name="user.uni-hannover"/>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= The far right column was the numbering in the old version of this wiki article. But the Urdu alphabet is very rarely shown with numbering, and the only time I've seen it numbered the order was different to this. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| الف }}}} ''alif''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ا]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـا }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /ʔ/, ''silent''}}{{efn-ua| At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble {{lang|ur| اُردو }} ''"Urdu"''. But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted {{lang|ur| اردو }} like other short vowel diacritcs. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ā'', –
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ā'', –
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بے }}}} ''bē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ب]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـب }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـبـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /b/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''b''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''b''
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پے }}}} ''pē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[پ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /p/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''p''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''p''
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]
| 3
| 3
| 3
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تے }}}} ''tē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ت]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـت }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـتـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''t''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]
| 4
| 4
| 4
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} ''ṭē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ٹ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʈ/ }}
| ''ṭ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
| 5
| 5
| 5
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثے }}}} ''s̱ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ث]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـث }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـثـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''s̱''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]]
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جيم }}}} ''jīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ج]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـج }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـجـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d͡ʒ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''j''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''j''
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]]
| 7
| 7
| 7
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چے }}}} ''cē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[چ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t͡ʃ/ }}
| ''c''
| ''ch''
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} ''baṛī ḥē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ح]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـح }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـحـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| حـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/ }}
| rowspan=2 | ''ḥ''
| rowspan=2 | ''h''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]]
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq|ہٹی حے}}}} ''hutti ḥē''
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خے }}}} ''k͟hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /x/ }}
| ''k͟h''
| ''kh''
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]]
| 10
| 10
| 10
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دال }}}} ''dāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[د]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـد }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''d''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]
| 11
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} ''ḍāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڈ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڈ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɖ/ }}
| ''ḍ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
| 12
| 12
| 12
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ذال }}}} ''ẕāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ذ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـذ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẕ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| 13
| 13
| 13
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| رے }}}} ''rē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ر]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـر }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /r/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''r''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
| 14
| 14
| 14
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} ''ṛē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڑ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڑ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɽ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṛ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| 15
| 15
| 15
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| زے }}}} ''zē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ز]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـز }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''z''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
| 16
| 16
| 16
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ژے }}}} ''zhē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ژ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـژ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʒ/ }} {{efn-ua| Used mainly for [[Persian language|Persian]] loanwords. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''zh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''zh''
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
| 17
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سین }}}} ''sīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[س]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـس }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـسـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''s''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
| 18
| 18
| 18
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شین }}}} ''shīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ش]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـش }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـشـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʃ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''sh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''sh''
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
| 19
| 19
| 19
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صاد }}}} ''ṣwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ص]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـص }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـصـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''ṣ''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} ''ẓwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ض]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـض }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـضـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẓ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| 21
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طوے }}}} ''t̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ط]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـط }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـطـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| ''t̤''
| ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]]
| 22
| 22
| 22
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} ''z̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ظ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''z̤''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| 23
| 23
| 23
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عین }}}} ''{{okina}}ain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ع]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـع }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـعـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, ''silent'' }}
| style="border-right:none;" | {{okina}}
| style="border-left:none;" | {{okina}} {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| 24
| 24
| 24
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غین }}}} ''g͟hain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[غ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɣ/ }}
| ''g͟h''
| ''gh''
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]]
| 25
| 25
| 25
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فے }}}} ''fē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ف]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـف }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـفـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /f/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''f''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''f''
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| 26
| 26
| 26
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قاف }}}} ''qāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـق }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـقـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /q/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''q''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''q''
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
| 27
| 27
| 27
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کاف }}}} ''kāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[Kāf|ک]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـک }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـکـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /k/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''k''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''k''
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06A9]]
| 28
| 28
| 28
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گاف }}}} ''gāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[گ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɡ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''g''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''g''
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]
| 29
| 29
| 29
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لام }}}} ''lām''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ل]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـل }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـلـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /l/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''l''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''l''
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
| 30
| 30
| 30
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| میم }}}} ''mīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[م]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـم }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـمـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| مـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /m/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''m''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''m''
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
| 31
| 31
| 31
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون }}}} ''nūn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ن]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـن }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـنـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''n''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
| 32
| 32
| 32
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون غنّہ }}}} ''nūn g͟hunnā''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ں]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|٘]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـں }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـںـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ںـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| / [[Nasal vowel|◌̃]] / }}  {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṉ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] {{efn-ua| The version shown on the left is [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] , which is used only at the end of words. When it is used in the middle of a word it is a diacritic [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] , which is usually omitted (see [[#Diacritics|below]] for further information on [[#Diacritics|diacritic omission]] in Urdu).}}
| {{efn-ua| Not present in dictionary order because it is not used at the beginning of words. }}
| 32a
| 33
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} ''wā{{hamza}}o''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[و]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـو }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /[[ʋ ]]/, /u[[ː]]/, /[[ʊ ]]/, /o [[ː ]]/, /[[ɔː ]]/ }}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''v'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''w'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
| 33
| 33
| 34
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہے }}}} ''hē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ہ]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/, /ɑː/, /eː/ }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] {{efn-ua| Sometimes ''choṭī hē'' is used to refer to ''hey'' but ''choṭī hē'' can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]] whereas Urdu uses [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] for ''gōl hey''.<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> See also: [[#Unicode|Urdu in Unicode]]. }}
| rowspan=2 | 34
| 34
| rowspan=2 | 35
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چھوٹی ہے }}}} ''choṭī hē''
| 34a
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} ''do-cashmī hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ھ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ھـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʰ/ }} or {{IPA| /ʱ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''h''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''h''
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| 35
| 34b
| 36
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یے }}}} ''yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ی]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـی }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـیـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /j/, /iː/, /ɑː/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
| 36
| 35
| 38
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی یے }}}} ''baṛī yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ے]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـے }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɛː/, /eː/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins| }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| 37
| 35b
| 39
|-
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} ''hamzah''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ئـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʔ/ }} or ''silent'' {{efn-ua|name=hamzah }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| rowspan=2 |
| 35a
| rowspan=2 | 37 {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= Hamzah is more often listed first or last, i can find no source for it being number 37. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ء]] }}}}
|
|
|
| [[:wiktionary: ء|U+0621]]
| 0
|}
:'''Footnotes:'''
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=hamzah| '''Hamzah:''' In [[Urdu]] , ''[[hamzah ]]'' is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as ''hamzah-e-izafat''. The main use of ''hamzah'' in [[Urdu]] is to indicate a vowel cluster.}}
{{efn-ua|name=never_begins| No Urdu word begins with {{lang|ur| ں }}, {{lang|ur| ھ }}, {{lang|ur| ڑ }}, or {{lang|ur| ے }}.{{citation needed| date=May 2020 }} }}
}}

=== Additional characters and variations ===

==== Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah ====
{{anchor|ۃ|ة}}
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered the 40th letter of the Urdu alphabet, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Tāʼ marbūṭah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu tē, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an Urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with Gol hē.

==== Table ====
{| class='wikitable sortable' style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of additional characters and variations
|-
! rowspan=2 | Group
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Letter {{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms}}
! colspan=3 | Name (see: [[#Glossary of key words from letter names|Glossary of key words]])
! rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Unicode <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter | url=https://unicode.org/  | website=unicode.org | access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web | title=Based on ISO 8859-6 | url=https://unicode.org  | website=unicode.org |access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nastaliq]] {{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char}}
! [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] with diacritics
! Roman Urdu or English <ref name="book: project fluency"/><ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
|-
| [[Arabic alphabet#Alif|Alif]]
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| الف مدہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| الِف مَدّه }}}} <ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
| ''alif maddah'' <ref name=user.uni-hannover/>{{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza| Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آزادی|آزادی]]}} - [[:wiktionary: آزادی|"āzādī"]], {{ipa|ɑ:zɑ:d̪i}}, freedom <ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries /> - are distinguished in most contexts. }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0622 ''alef with madda above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|- 
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Hamza]]'' {{efn-ua| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0621 ''[[hamza]]'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| hamza on the line
|- 
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ٔ|ٔ]]}}}} 
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ــٔـ|ــٔـ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| ''hamza diacritic'' {{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza}}{{efn-ua|name=Naskh_2| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0654 ''Hamza Above''
|- 
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0626 ''yeh with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''yē hamza'' / ''alif hamza''
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''baṛī yē hamza''
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06D3 ''yeh barree with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''vāv-e mahmūz'' <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | access-date=29 February 2020 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0624 ''waw with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|‍ۂ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ ـۂ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | U+06C2 ''heh goal with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> or [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] + [[:wiktionary: ٔ|U+0654]]
|-

|-
| rowspan=3 | Arabic {{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|‍ۃ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ ـۃ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="'white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ة|تاء مربوطة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَرْبُوطَة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ marbūṭah'']] "bound ta"
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06C3 ''teh marbuta goal'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة]]}}}} {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|‍ة]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة ـة]]}}}}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0629 ''teh marbuta'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-

|- 
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ت|تاء مفتوحة]]}}}}
| {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَفْتُوحَة]]}}}} 
| style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ maftūḥah '']] "open ta" 
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] ''Teh''
|-

|-
|}

::Footnotes:
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms|Left: Urdu [[Nastaliq]]. Right: Arabic [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] or modern style. }}
{{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char|The [[Nastaliq]] text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.}}
{{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta|see: [[# ة|Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah]] above.}}
}}

==== Hamza in Nastaliq ====
{{anchor| ء in Nastaliq | Hamzah in Nastaliq | Hamza in Nastaliq }}
Hamza can be difficult to recognise in Urdu handwriting and fonts designed to replicate it, closely resembling two dots above as featured in {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ت]]}}}} Té and {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ق]]}}}} Qaf, whereas in Arabic and Geometric fonts it is more distinct and closely resembles the western form of the numeral [[2]] (two).

=== Digraphs ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ The [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] of [[aspirated consonant]]s are as follows.
|-
| No.
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''IPA'''
| Example
|-
| 1
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}
| ''bh''
| {{IPA|[bʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|بھاری}}
|-
| 2
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ''ph''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|پھول}}
|-
| 3
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| ''th''
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تھم}}
|-
| 4
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ''ṭh''
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ٹھنڈا}}
|-
| 5
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}
| ''jh''
| {{IPA|[d͡ʒʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|جھاڑی}}
|-
| 6
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ''ch''
| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|چھتری}}
|-
| 7
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}
| ''dh''
| {{IPA|[dʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دھوبی}}
|-
| 8
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}
| ''ḍh''
| {{IPA|[ɖʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ڈھول}}
|-
| 9
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|رھ}}
| ''rh''
| {{IPA|[rʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تیرھواں}}
|-
| 10
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}
| ''ṛh''
| {{IPA|[ɽʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|اڑھائی}}
|-
| 11
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| ''kh''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|کھانسی}}
|-
| 12
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}
| ''gh''
| {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|گھوڑا}}
|-
| 13
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|لھ}}
| ''lh''
| {{IPA|[lʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دولھا}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|دُلہا}})
|-
| 14
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مھ}}
| ''mh''
| {{IPA|[mʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تمھیں}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|تمہیں}})
|-
| 15
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|نھ}}
| ''nh''
| {{IPA|[nʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ننھا}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|-
| 16
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|وھ}}
| ''wh''
| {{IPA|[ʋʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|وھاب}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|- وھاب
| 17
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|یھ}}
| ''yh''
| {{IPA|[jʱ]}}
| {{example needed|date=May 2020}}
|}

=== Differences from [[Persian alphabet]] ===

Urdu has more letters added to the Perso-Arabic base to represent sounds not present in Persian, which already has additional letters added to the Arabic base itself to represent sounds not present in Arabic. The letters added are shown in the table below:

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers"
! Letter !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ٹ]]}}}} || [[voiceless retroflex stop|/ʈ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڈ]]}}}} || [[voiced retroflex stop|/ɖ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڑ]]}}}} || [[retroflex flap|/ɽ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ں]]}}}} || [[nasal vowel|/◌̃/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ے]]}}}} || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ:/]] or [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e:/]].
|}

A separate do-chashmi-[[He (letter)|he]] letter, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}}}, exists to denote a [[aspirated consonant|/ʰ/]] or a [[murmured voice|/ʱ/]]. This letter is mainly used as part of the multitude of digraphs, detailed in above sub-section. In addition to these letters, [[Shahmukhi]] adds 2 consonants on top of Urdu alphabet to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] further adds 4 more consonants.

=== Retroflex letters ===
[[File:Hindustani Urdu retroflex letter T.svg|right|200px]]
[[Old Hindi|Old]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] used four dots {{lang|ur| ٿ ڐ ڙ }} over three Arabic letters {{lang|ar| ت د ر }} to represent retroflex consonants.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=James Robert|title=A Grammar of the Hindustani Language, with Brief Notices of the Braj and Dakhani Dialects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zalHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA11|year=1842|publisher=Madden & Company|page=11}}</ref> In handwriting those dots were often written as a small vertical line attached to a small triangle. Subsequently, this shape became identical to a small letter {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}} ''t̤oʼē''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berggren|first=Olaf|title=Scripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBDnAAAAMAAJ&q=hindustani+four+dots|year=2002|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|page=108}}</ref> It is commonly and erroneously assumed that ''ṭāʾ'' itself was used to indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.{{citation needed| reason = assumed by who, give examples. |date=November 2020}} In modern Urdu {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}}, called ''to'e'' is always pronounced as a [[dental consonant|dental]], not a [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]].{{citation needed| reason = but the scribes coming up with this were not speaking modern Urdu, so this is irrelevant. Look at the etymology of "tomato", in Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, and a Brazilian Portuguese. Firstly Arabic uses ط while Urdu uses ٹ and secondly, in a very short time the pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese has shifted to a "ch". |date=November 2020}}

== Vowels ==
The Urdu language has ten vowels and ten nasalized vowels. Each vowel has four forms depending on its position: initial, middle, final and isolated. Like in its parent Arabic alphabet, Urdu vowels are represented using a combination of digraphs and diacritics. [[Aleph|Alif]], [[Waw (letter)|Waw]], [[Yodh|Ye]], [[He (letter)|He]] and their variants are used to represent vowels.

=== Vowel chart ===

Urdu does not have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels (''a'', ''i'', ''u'') are represented by optional diacritics (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh'') upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant (''alif'', ''ain'', or ''hamzah'') if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants ''alif'', ''ain'', ''ye'', and ''wa'o'' as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh''), whereas some are not (''madd'', ''hamzah''). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[Romanization]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
!Final
!Middle
!Initial
|-
|a
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}
|-
|ā
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|آ}}
|-
|i
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}
|-
|ī
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِى}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}
|-
|e
| {{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اے}}
|-
|ai
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}
|-
|u
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}
|-
|ū
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}
|-
|-
|o
| {{IPA|/oː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|او}}
|-
|au
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}
|}

=== ''Alif'' ===

''Alif'' is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, ''alif'' can be used to represent any of the short vowels: {{Nastaliq|اب}} ''ab'', {{Nastaliq|اسم}} ''ism'', {{Nastaliq|اردو}} ''Urdū''. For long ''ā'' at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: {{Nastaliq|آپ}} ''āp'', but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: {{Nastaliq|بھاگنا}} ''bhāgnā''.

=== ''Wāʾo'' ===

''Wāʾo'' is used to render the vowels "ū", "o", "u" and "au" ([uː], [oː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] respectively), and it is also used to render the [[labiodental approximant]], [ʋ]. Only when preceded by the consonant ''k͟hē ({{Nastaliq|خ}}''), can ''wāʾo'' render the "u" ([ʊ]) sound (such as in {{Nastaliq|خود}}, "''k͟hud''" - ''myself''), or not pronounced at all (such as in ''{{Nastaliq|خواب}}'', "''k͟haab''" - ''dream''). This is known as the [[Silent vav|silent ''wāʾo'']], and is only present in words loaned from Persian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Urdu Language Management |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Urdu/Urdu.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Language Information Services (LIS)-India}}</ref>

=== ''Ye'' ===

''Ye'' is divided into two variants: ''choṭī ye'' ("little ye") and ''[[baṛī ye]]'' ("big ye").

''Choṭī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}}) is written in all forms exactly as in Persian. It is used for the long vowel "ī" and the consonant "y".

''Baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) is used to render the vowels "e" and "ai" ({{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} respectively). ''Baṛī ye'' is distinguishable in writing from ''choṭī ye'' only when it comes at the end of a word/ligature. Additionally, ''Baṛī ye'' is never used to begin a word/ligature, unlike ''choṭī ye''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|چھوٹی يے}} Choṭī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـی}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|یـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ی}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|بڑی يے}} Baṛī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـے}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ے}}
|}

=== ''The 2 he's'' ===
''He'' is divided into two variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he").

''Gol he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) is written round and zigzagged, and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word. Additionally, at the end of a word, it can be used to render the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}), which also alters its form slightly (on modern digital writing systems, this final form is achieved by writing two ''he's'' consecutively).

''Do-cašmi he'' ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}) is written as in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop), in order to create the aspirate consonants and write Arabic words.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|گول ہے}} Gol he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|دو چشمی ہے}} Do-cašmi he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}
|}

=== ''Ayn'' ===
''Ayn'' in its initial and final position is silent in pronunciation and is replaced by the sound of its preceding or succeeding vowel.

=== ''Nun Ghunnah'' ===
[[Nasal vowel|Vowel nasalization]] is represented by ''nun ghunna'' written after their non-nasalized versions, for example: ''{{Nastaliq|ہَے}}'' when nasalized would become ''{{Nastaliq|ہَیں}}''. In middle form ''nun ghunna'' is written just like ''nun'' and is differentiated by a diacritic called {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} or ''ulta jazm'' which is a [[superscript]] V symbol above the {{Nastaliq|ن٘}}.

Examples:
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|'''Form'''
|'''Urdu'''
| '''Transcription'''
|-
|Orthography
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|ں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''ṉ''}}
|-
|End form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|میں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''maiṉ''}}
|-
|Middle form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|کن٘ول}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''kaṉwal''}}
|}

== Diacritics ==
Urdu uses the same subset of diacritics used in [[Arabic diacritics|Arabic]] based on Persian conventions. Urdu also uses [[Perso-Arabic Script|Persian]] names of the diacritics instead of Arabic names. Commonly used diacritics are ''zabar'' (Arabic ''fatḥah''), ''zer'' (Arabic ''kasrah''), ''pesh'' (Arabic ''dammah'') which are used to clarify the pronunciation of vowels, as shown above. ''Jazam'' ({{Nastaliq|ـْـ}} , Arabic ''sukun'') is used to indicate a [[consonant cluster]] and ''tashdid'' ({{Nastaliq|ـّـ}}, Arabic ''shaddah'') is used to indicate a [[gemination]], although it is never used for verbs, which require double consonants to be spelled out separately. Other diacritics include ''khari zabar'' (Arabic ''dagger alif''), ''do zabar'' (Arabic ''fathatan'') which are found in some common [[Arabic]] loan words. Other Arabic diacritics are also sometimes used though very rarely in loan words from Arabic. ''Zer-e-izafat'' and ''hamzah-e-izafat'' are described in the next section.

Other than common diacritics, Urdu also has special diacritics, which are often found only in dictionaries for the clarification of irregular pronunciation. These diacritics include ''kasrah-e-majhool'', ''fathah-e-majhool'', ''dammah-e-majhool'', {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}}, ''ulta jazam'', ''alif-e-wavi'' and some other very rare diacritics. Among these, only {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} is used commonly in dictionaries and has a Unicode representation at U+0658. Other diacritics are only rarely written in printed form, mainly in some advanced dictionaries.<ref name="diacritics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cle.org.pk/clt09/download/Papers/Paper20.pdf|title=Proposal of Inclusion of Certain Characters in Unicode}}</ref>

== Iẓāfat ==
''Iẓāfat'' is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. [[Ezāfe|This construction]] was borrowed from Persian. A short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ''ʿain'' ({{Nastaliq|ع}}), it may be written as ''zer'' ({{Nastaliq|  ِ }}) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in ''choṭī he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) or ''ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}} or {{Nastaliq|ے}}) then ''hamzā'' ({{Nastaliq|ء}}) is used above the last letter ({{Nastaliq|ۂ}} or {{Nastaliq|ئ}} or {{Nastaliq|ۓ}}). If the first word ends in a long vowel ({{Nastaliq|ا}} or {{Nastaliq|و}}), then a different variation of ''baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) with ''hamzā'' on top ({{Nastaliq|ئے}}, obtained by adding {{Nastaliq|ے}} to {{Nastaliq|ئ}}) is added at the end of the first word.{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=99–100}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Forms||Example||Transliteration||Meaning
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ــِ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|شیرِ پنجاب}}||''sher-'''e'''-Panjāb''||the lion of Punjab
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۂ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ملکۂ دنیا}}
|''malikā-'''e'''-dunyā''
|the queen of the world
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ئ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ولئ کامل}}||''walī-'''e'''-kāmil''||perfect saint
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۓ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مۓ عشق}}
|''mai-'''e'''-ishq''
|the wine of love
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" | {{Nastaliq|ئے}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|روئے زمین}}||''rū-''''e'''-zamīn''|| the surface of the Earth
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|صدائے بلند}}||''sadā-''''e'''-buland''||a high voice
|}

== Computers and the Urdu alphabet ==
In the early days of computers, Urdu was not properly represented on any [[code page]]. One of the earliest code pages to represent Urdu was IBM Code Page 868 which dates back to 1990.<ref name="ibm">[ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CS01248.pdf "IBM 868 code page"]</ref> Other early code pages which represented Urdu alphabets were [[Windows-1256]] and [[MacArabic encoding]] both of which date back to the mid-1990s. In [[Unicode]], Urdu is represented inside the Arabic block. Another code page for Urdu, which is used in India, is [[Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange]]. In Pakistan, the 8-bit code page which is developed by [[National Language Authority]] is called Urdu Zabta Takhti ({{Nastaliq|اردو ضابطہ تختی}}) (UZT)<ref name="uzt">{{cite web|url=http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf|title=Urdu Zabta Takhti}}</ref> which represents Urdu in its most complete form including some of its specialized diacritics, though UZT is not designed to coexist with the Latin alphabet.

=== Encoding Urdu in Unicode ===
{{anchor|Unicode}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"
|+ Confusable glyphs in Urdu and Arabic script
|-
! Characters in Urdu
! Characters in Arabic
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ہ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ہ|(U+06C1)]] <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ھ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ھ|(U+06BE)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ه}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ه|(U+0647)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ی}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ی|(U+06CC)]]
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ى}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ى|(U+0649)]] <big>{{lang|ar|ي}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ي|(U+064A)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ک}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ک|(U+06A9)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ك}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ك|(U+0643)]]
|-
|}

Like other writing systems derived from the Arabic script, Urdu uses the 0600–06FF Unicode range.<ref name="unicode600table">{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf | title=Arabic | publisher=unicode.org | access-date=7 April 2019 }}</ref> Certain glyphs in this range appear visually similar (or identical when presented using particular fonts) even though the underlying encoding is different. This presents problems for information storage and retrieval. For example, the [[University of Chicago]]'s electronic copy of John Shakespear's "A Dictionary, Hindustani, and English"<ref name="shakespearDictionary">{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> includes the word '{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}' (''bhārat'' "India"). Searching for the string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بھارت}}}}" returns no results, whereas querying with the (identical-looking in many fonts) string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}" returns the correct entry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215020523/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> This is because the medial form of the Urdu letter ''do chashmi he'' (U+06BE)—used to form aspirate digraphs in Urdu—is visually identical in its medial form to the Arabic letter [[ه|hāʾ]] (U+0647; phonetic value {{IPA|/h/}}). In Urdu, the {{IPA|/h/}} phoneme is represented by the character U+06C1, called ''gol he'' (round ''he''), or ''chhoti he'' (small ''he'').

In 2003, the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)<ref name="crulp">{{cite web|url=http://www.crulp.org/ |title=Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing |publisher=Crulp.org |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>—a research organisation affiliated with Pakistan's [[National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences]]—produced a proposal for mapping from the 1-byte [[Urdu keyboard#Fourth generation|UZT]] encoding of Urdu characters to the Unicode standard.<ref name="uztunicode">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tremu.gov.pk/tremu1/workingroups/pdfpresentations/UZT%20UNICODE%20MAPPING.pdf |date=* }}</ref> This proposal suggests a preferred Unicode glyph for each character in the Urdu alphabet.

{{-}}

=== Software ===
The ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to be typeset digitally in ''Nasta{{okina}}liq'' by computer. There are efforts underway to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and on the Internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals and periodicals are composed on computers via various Urdu software programmes, the most widespread of which is [[InPage]] Desktop Publishing package. [[Microsoft]] has included Urdu language support in all new versions of Windows and both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Microsoft Office 2007]] are available in Urdu through [[Language Interface Pack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/Browse.aspx?displaylang=ur&productID=38DF6AB1-13D4-409C-966D-CBE61F040027 |title=مائِیکروسافٹ ڈاؤُن لوڈ مَرکَزWindows |publisher=Microsoft.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> support. Most Linux Desktop distributions allow the easy installation of Urdu support and translations as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aasims.wordpress.com/tag/ubuntu-in-urdu/ |title=Ubuntu in Urdu « Aasim's Web Corner |publisher=Aasims.wordpress.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] implemented the Urdu language keyboard across [[Mobile device]]s in its [[iOS 8]] update in September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/776214/e-urdu-how-one-mans-plea-for-nastaleeq-was-heard-by-apple/|title=E-Urdu: How one man's plea for Nastaleeq was heard by Apple|date=16 October 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

== Romanization standards and systems ==
{{main|Roman Urdu}}
There are several romanization standards for writing Urdu with the Latin alphabet, though they are not very popular because most fall short of representing the Urdu language properly. Instead of standard romanization schemes, people on Internet, mobile phones and media often use a non-standard form of romanization which tries to mimic [[English Orthography|English orthography]]. The problem with this kind of romanization is that it can only be read by native speakers, and even for them with great difficulty. Among standardized romanization schemes, the most accurate is [[ALA-LC romanization]], which is also supported by National Language Authority. Other romanization schemes are often rejected because either they are unable to represent sounds in Urdu properly, or they often do not take regard of Urdu orthography, and favor pronunciation over orthography.<ref name="roman">{{cite web|url=http://nlpd.gov.pk/uakhbareurdu/august2011/8.html|title=اردو میں نقل حرفی ۔ ایک ابتدائی تعارف : نبلٰی پیرزادہ|website=nlpd.gov.pk}}</ref>

The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and [[North India]]. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in present-day Pakistan and [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]] in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. Thus Roman Urdu was a common way of writing among Pakistani and Indian Christians in these areas up to the 1960s. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman [[Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu|Urdū Bibles]] that enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, the usage of Roman Urdu is declining with the wider use of Hindi and English in these states.

== Glossary of key words from letter names ==
{{anchor|Glossary|Key words|Words from letter names}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ class=nowrap style=text-align:center| Translations and other uses of key words from Urdu letter names
|-
! colspan=3 | Letter name(s)
! colspan=4 | Urdu word
! colspan=3 | Examples of other uses
|-
! style=width:10% | Isolated form
! [[Urdu]] name
! [[Roman Urdu]]
! [[Urdu]]
! class="unsortable" | [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! [[Roman Urdu]] name
! class="unsortable" | English Translation
! Urdu
! [[Roman Urdu]] or [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! class="unsortable" | Translation
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ح|ح]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }}
| baṛī ħē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| بَڑی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| bəɽi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | baṛī / bari
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | big / elder<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: بڑی آنت|بڑی آنت]]}}
| ''Baṛi ant''
| [[large intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ے|ے]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی يـے }}
| baṛī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنت|آنت]]}}
| rowspan=2 |''Ant''
| rowspan=2 | [[intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ی|ی]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی یے }}
| čhōṭī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tʃʰoːʈi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | choti
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%;" | small / minor / junior<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ہ|ہ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| چھوٹی ہے }}
| čhōṭī hē
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: چھوٹی آنت|چھوٹی آنت]]}}
| 
| [[small intestine]]
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }}
| gōl hē
| {{lang|ur| گول }}
| {{ipa| goːl }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| gōl
| style="font-size:90%" | round / spherical / vague / silly / obese<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries (Urdu to English Translation) | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/ | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: گول گپے|گول گپے]]}}
| ''gol gappay''
| [[panipuri]]
|-
| rowspan=4 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ھ|ھ]]}}
| rowspan=4  | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }}
| rowspan=4  | dō-čašmī hē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| }}
| rowspan=2 | do-cashmī
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | two-eyed {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو چشمی دوربین|دو چشمی دوربین]]}}
| ''do-cashmi''
''dorabīn''
| [[binoculars]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دوربین|دوربین]]}}
| ''dorabīn''
| [[telescope]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| دو }}
|
| do
| style="font-size:90%" | 2 / two
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو ایوانیت|دو ایوانیت]]}}
| ''do ayvanīt''
| [[bicameralism]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| چشم }}
| {{ipa| /tʃəʃm/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries/>
| chashm
| style="font-size:90%" | the eye / hope / expectation<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنکھ|چشم]]}}
| ''cashm''
| [[eye]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ں|ں]]}}
| {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }}
| nūn-e ğunnah
| {{lang|ur| غُنّہ }}
| {{ipa| ɣʊnnɑ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| ğunnah{{nbsp}}/ g͟hunnah
| style="font-size:90%" | nasal sound or twang<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| الِف مَدّه }}
| alif maddah
| {{lang|ur| مَدّه }}
|
| maddah
| style="font-size:90%" | [[Arabic]]:
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}
| vāv-e mahmūz
| {{lang|ur| مَہْمُوز }}
| {{ipa|mæhmuːz}}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| mahmūz
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%" | defective / improper<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|- 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="font-size:75%" | {{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur| ء ا آ ب پ ت ٹ ث ب ج چ خ ح د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ں و ہ ھ ی ے }} }}
| rowspan=3 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: حروف تہجی|حروف تہجی]]}} <ref>{{cite web | title=خلا سے زمین پر انگریزی کےحروف تہجی |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/multimedia/2016/01/160105_nasa_abc_space_pics_zz.amp |website=BBC News اردو |access-date=7 May 2020 |language=ur |date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 | harūf tahajī  ([[alphabet]])
| {{lang|ur| تہجی }}
| {{ipa| }}
| tahajī
| style="font-size:90%" | sequence {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حُرُوف }}
| {{ipa| /hʊruːf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harūf
| style="font-size:85%" | letters (plural)<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018132435/https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2016 | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> (often referred to as "alphabets" in informal Pakistani English) 
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حَرْف }}
| {{ipa| /hərf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harf
| style="font-size:85%" | "letter of the alphabet" / handwriting / statement / blame / stigma<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʻliq script]]
* [[Romanization of Urdu]]
* [[Urdu Braille]]
* [[Urdu Informatics]]
* [[Urdu keyboard]]
* [[Urdu Wikipedia]]

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Beginner's Urdu Script|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007141987X}}
* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Read and write Urdu script|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780071747462|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFrFSAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Urdu romanization|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf|publisher=The Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ishida|first1=Richard|title=Urdu script notes|url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/urdu}}

== External links ==

{{Wikibooks|Urdu}}
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu alphabet]
* [http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html Urdu alphabet with Devanagari equivalents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html |date=11 September 2019 }}
* [http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html Hugo's Urdu Alphabet Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035347/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html |date=16 July 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ calligraphyislamic.com], a resource for Urdu calligraphy and script
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/ Urdu Script Introduction from Columbia University]
* [http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181655/http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html |date=6 March 2018 }}

{{Urdu topics}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Hindustani orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]
[[Category:Officially used writing systems of India]]

Urdu alphabet

2026-07-26T11:33:32Z

Adarshatva: /* Notes and References */

{{Short description|Perso-Arabic-based alphabet used for Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Urdu Alphabet
|altname={{font|size=130%|{{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی‎}}}}}} उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी
|type=Abjad
|languages=[[Urdu]], [[Balti language|Balti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balti alphabet and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/balti.htm |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Shina language|Shina]], infrequent use in [[Burushaski]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir |author1-link=Elena Bashir| first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref> others
|region=
* {{IND}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{SAF}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>
|sample=Urdu example.svg
|imagesize=120px
|caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu''
|time=
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam4=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam5=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|fam6=[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf U+0600 to U+06FF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0750.pdf U+0750 to U+077F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf U+FB50 to U+FDFF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE70.pdf U+FE70 to U+FEFF]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

{{Arabic script sidebar|Urdu}}
{{Writing systems worldwide}}
{{Officially used writing systems in India}}

The '''Urdu alphabet'''{{refn|group=A|name=Urdu|{{Lang-ur|{{uninastaliq
|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی}}}} 
Nagarisation: उर्दू हुरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी [[Romanisation]]: Urdū huruf-e-tahajjī}} is the [[right-to-left]] [[alphabet]] used for [[Urdu]]. It is a modification of the [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39<ref name="book: project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> or 40<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |title=Urdu |website=Omniglot}}</ref> distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the [[calligraphic]] [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʿlīq script]], whereas [[Arabic]] is more commonly written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] (called [[Roman Urdu]]) omit many [[phoneme|phonemic]] elements that have no equivalent in [[English language|English]] or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.

== History ==

The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] and has its origins in 13th century [[Iran]]. It is closely related to the development of the [[Nasta{{Okina}}liq]] style of Perso-Arabic script.

Despite the invention of the [[Urdu keyboard|Urdu typewriter]] in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''[[katib]]s'' or ''[[khush-navees]]'' until the late 1980s. The [[Pakistan]]i [[national newspaper]] ''[[Daily Jang]]'' was the first Urdu [[newspaper]] to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the [[internet]]. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs.

Other than the [[Indian subcontinent]], the Urdu script is also used by [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistan's large diaspora]], including in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and other places.<ref name="omniglot.com"/>

== Nastaliq ==
[[File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Example showing Nastaliq's (Persian) proportion rules.{{cn|date=November 2022}}]]
{{Main|Nastaliq}}

Urdu is written in the [[Nastaliq]] style ({{lang-fa|{{uninastaliq|نستعلیق}}}} Nastaʿlīq). The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style began as a [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] mixture of the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] and [[Ta'liq script|Ta'liq]] scripts. After the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Mughal conquest]], Nasta{{Okina}}liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

In the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written uses more than three general forms for many letters, even in simple non-decorative documents.<ref>{{cite book |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |chapter=*positional chart* |via=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

== Alphabet ==
The Urdu script is an [[abjad]] script derived from the modern [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in [[Semitic languages]] like Arabic and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an [[Indo-European language]], which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/919270|title=Controversy over number of letters in Urdu alphabet|date=15 June 2009|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

{{-}}

=== Letter names and phonemes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Name{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=XV–XVI}}
! colspan="4" | Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan=2 | [[Roman Urdu|Romanization]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! colspan=3 | Order
|-
! Urdu [[Roman Urdu]]
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! style="white-space:nowrap;" | ALA-LC<ref name="LoC">{{cite web | title=Urdu romanization | url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf | publisher=The Library of Congress }}</ref>
! [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]<ref name="Hunterian">Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85.pdf No. 85] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85-ad1.pdf No. 85 Add. 1.]</ref>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| dictionary order<ref name="Colloquial Urdu - order">{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tej K. |last2=Khoul |first2=Ashok |last3=Koul |first3=Ashok |title=Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30471-5 |pages=41–42 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VsVzCgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PT40 |access-date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }}
! style="font-size:110%;" | <ref name="user.uni-hannover"/>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= The far right column was the numbering in the old version of this wiki article. But the Urdu alphabet is very rarely shown with numbering, and the only time I've seen it numbered the order was different to this. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| الف }}}} ''alif''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ا]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـا }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /ʔ/, ''silent''}}{{efn-ua| At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble {{lang|ur| اُردو }} ''"Urdu"''. But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted {{lang|ur| اردو }} like other short vowel diacritcs. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ā'', –
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ā'', –
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بے }}}} ''bē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ب]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـب }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـبـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /b/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''b''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''b''
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پے }}}} ''pē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[پ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /p/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''p''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''p''
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]
| 3
| 3
| 3
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تے }}}} ''tē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ت]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـت }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـتـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''t''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]
| 4
| 4
| 4
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} ''ṭē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ٹ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʈ/ }}
| ''ṭ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
| 5
| 5
| 5
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثے }}}} ''s̱ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ث]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـث }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـثـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''s̱''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]]
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جيم }}}} ''jīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ج]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـج }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـجـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d͡ʒ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''j''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''j''
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]]
| 7
| 7
| 7
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چے }}}} ''cē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[چ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t͡ʃ/ }}
| ''c''
| ''ch''
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} ''baṛī ḥē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ح]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـح }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـحـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| حـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/ }}
| rowspan=2 | ''ḥ''
| rowspan=2 | ''h''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]]
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq|ہٹی حے}}}} ''hutti ḥē''
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خے }}}} ''k͟hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /x/ }}
| ''k͟h''
| ''kh''
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]]
| 10
| 10
| 10
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دال }}}} ''dāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[د]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـد }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''d''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]
| 11
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} ''ḍāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڈ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڈ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɖ/ }}
| ''ḍ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
| 12
| 12
| 12
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ذال }}}} ''ẕāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ذ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـذ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẕ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| 13
| 13
| 13
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| رے }}}} ''rē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ر]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـر }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /r/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''r''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
| 14
| 14
| 14
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} ''ṛē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڑ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڑ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɽ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṛ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| 15
| 15
| 15
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| زے }}}} ''zē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ز]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـز }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''z''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
| 16
| 16
| 16
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ژے }}}} ''zhē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ژ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـژ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʒ/ }} {{efn-ua| Used mainly for [[Persian language|Persian]] loanwords. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''zh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''zh''
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
| 17
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سین }}}} ''sīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[س]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـس }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـسـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''s''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
| 18
| 18
| 18
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شین }}}} ''shīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ش]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـش }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـشـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʃ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''sh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''sh''
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
| 19
| 19
| 19
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صاد }}}} ''ṣwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ص]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـص }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـصـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''ṣ''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} ''ẓwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ض]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـض }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـضـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẓ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| 21
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طوے }}}} ''t̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ط]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـط }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـطـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| ''t̤''
| ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]]
| 22
| 22
| 22
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} ''z̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ظ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''z̤''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| 23
| 23
| 23
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عین }}}} ''{{okina}}ain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ع]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـع }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـعـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, ''silent'' }}
| style="border-right:none;" | {{okina}}
| style="border-left:none;" | {{okina}} {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| 24
| 24
| 24
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غین }}}} ''g͟hain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[غ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɣ/ }}
| ''g͟h''
| ''gh''
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]]
| 25
| 25
| 25
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فے }}}} ''fē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ف]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـف }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـفـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /f/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''f''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''f''
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| 26
| 26
| 26
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قاف }}}} ''qāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـق }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـقـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /q/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''q''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''q''
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
| 27
| 27
| 27
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کاف }}}} ''kāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[Kāf|ک]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـک }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـکـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /k/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''k''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''k''
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06A9]]
| 28
| 28
| 28
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گاف }}}} ''gāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[گ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɡ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''g''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''g''
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]
| 29
| 29
| 29
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لام }}}} ''lām''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ل]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـل }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـلـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /l/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''l''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''l''
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
| 30
| 30
| 30
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| میم }}}} ''mīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[م]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـم }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـمـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| مـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /m/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''m''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''m''
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
| 31
| 31
| 31
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون }}}} ''nūn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ن]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـن }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـنـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''n''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
| 32
| 32
| 32
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون غنّہ }}}} ''nūn g͟hunnā''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ں]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|٘]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـں }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـںـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ںـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| / [[Nasal vowel|◌̃]] / }}  {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṉ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] {{efn-ua| The version shown on the left is [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] , which is used only at the end of words. When it is used in the middle of a word it is a diacritic [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] , which is usually omitted (see [[#Diacritics|below]] for further information on [[#Diacritics|diacritic omission]] in Urdu).}}
| {{efn-ua| Not present in dictionary order because it is not used at the beginning of words. }}
| 32a
| 33
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} ''wā{{hamza}}o''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[و]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـو }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /[[ʋ ]]/, /u[[ː]]/, /[[ʊ ]]/, /o [[ː ]]/, /[[ɔː ]]/ }}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''v'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''w'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
| 33
| 33
| 34
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہے }}}} ''hē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ہ]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/, /ɑː/, /eː/ }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] {{efn-ua| Sometimes ''choṭī hē'' is used to refer to ''hey'' but ''choṭī hē'' can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]] whereas Urdu uses [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] for ''gōl hey''.<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> See also: [[#Unicode|Urdu in Unicode]]. }}
| rowspan=2 | 34
| 34
| rowspan=2 | 35
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چھوٹی ہے }}}} ''choṭī hē''
| 34a
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} ''do-cashmī hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ھ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ھـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʰ/ }} or {{IPA| /ʱ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''h''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''h''
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| 35
| 34b
| 36
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یے }}}} ''yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ی]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـی }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـیـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /j/, /iː/, /ɑː/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
| 36
| 35
| 38
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی یے }}}} ''baṛī yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ے]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـے }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɛː/, /eː/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins| }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| 37
| 35b
| 39
|-
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} ''hamzah''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ئـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʔ/ }} or ''silent'' {{efn-ua|name=hamzah }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| rowspan=2 |
| 35a
| rowspan=2 | 37 {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= Hamzah is more often listed first or last, i can find no source for it being number 37. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ء]] }}}}
|
|
|
| [[:wiktionary: ء|U+0621]]
| 0
|}
:'''Footnotes:'''
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=hamzah| '''Hamzah:''' In [[Urdu]] , ''[[hamzah ]]'' is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as ''hamzah-e-izafat''. The main use of ''hamzah'' in [[Urdu]] is to indicate a vowel cluster.}}
{{efn-ua|name=never_begins| No Urdu word begins with {{lang|ur| ں }}, {{lang|ur| ھ }}, {{lang|ur| ڑ }}, or {{lang|ur| ے }}.{{citation needed| date=May 2020 }} }}
}}

=== Additional characters and variations ===

==== Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah ====
{{anchor|ۃ|ة}}
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered the 40th letter of the Urdu alphabet, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Tāʼ marbūṭah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu tē, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an Urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with Gol hē.

==== Table ====
{| class='wikitable sortable' style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of additional characters and variations
|-
! rowspan=2 | Group
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Letter {{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms}}
! colspan=3 | Name (see: [[#Glossary of key words from letter names|Glossary of key words]])
! rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Unicode <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter | url=https://unicode.org/  | website=unicode.org | access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web | title=Based on ISO 8859-6 | url=https://unicode.org  | website=unicode.org |access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nastaliq]] {{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char}}
! [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] with diacritics
! Roman Urdu or English <ref name="book: project fluency"/><ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
|-
| [[Arabic alphabet#Alif|Alif]]
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| الف مدہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| الِف مَدّه }}}} <ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
| ''alif maddah'' <ref name=user.uni-hannover/>{{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza| Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آزادی|آزادی]]}} - [[:wiktionary: آزادی|"āzādī"]], {{ipa|ɑ:zɑ:d̪i}}, freedom <ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries /> - are distinguished in most contexts. }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0622 ''alef with madda above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|- 
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Hamza]]'' {{efn-ua| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0621 ''[[hamza]]'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| hamza on the line
|- 
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ٔ|ٔ]]}}}} 
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ــٔـ|ــٔـ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| ''hamza diacritic'' {{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza}}{{efn-ua|name=Naskh_2| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0654 ''Hamza Above''
|- 
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0626 ''yeh with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''yē hamza'' / ''alif hamza''
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''baṛī yē hamza''
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06D3 ''yeh barree with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''vāv-e mahmūz'' <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | access-date=29 February 2020 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0624 ''waw with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|‍ۂ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ ـۂ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | U+06C2 ''heh goal with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> or [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] + [[:wiktionary: ٔ|U+0654]]
|-

|-
| rowspan=3 | Arabic {{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|‍ۃ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ ـۃ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="'white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ة|تاء مربوطة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَرْبُوطَة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ marbūṭah'']] "bound ta"
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06C3 ''teh marbuta goal'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة]]}}}} {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|‍ة]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة ـة]]}}}}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0629 ''teh marbuta'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-

|- 
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ت|تاء مفتوحة]]}}}}
| {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَفْتُوحَة]]}}}} 
| style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ maftūḥah '']] "open ta" 
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] ''Teh''
|-

|-
|}

::Footnotes:
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms|Left: Urdu [[Nastaliq]]. Right: Arabic [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] or modern style. }}
{{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char|The [[Nastaliq]] text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.}}
{{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta|see: [[# ة|Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah]] above.}}
}}

==== Hamza in Nastaliq ====
{{anchor| ء in Nastaliq | Hamzah in Nastaliq | Hamza in Nastaliq }}
Hamza can be difficult to recognise in Urdu handwriting and fonts designed to replicate it, closely resembling two dots above as featured in {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ت]]}}}} Té and {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ق]]}}}} Qaf, whereas in Arabic and Geometric fonts it is more distinct and closely resembles the western form of the numeral [[2]] (two).

=== Digraphs ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ The [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] of [[aspirated consonant]]s are as follows.
|-
| No.
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''IPA'''
| Example
|-
| 1
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}
| ''bh''
| {{IPA|[bʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|بھاری}}
|-
| 2
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ''ph''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|پھول}}
|-
| 3
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| ''th''
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تھم}}
|-
| 4
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ''ṭh''
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ٹھنڈا}}
|-
| 5
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}
| ''jh''
| {{IPA|[d͡ʒʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|جھاڑی}}
|-
| 6
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ''ch''
| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|چھتری}}
|-
| 7
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}
| ''dh''
| {{IPA|[dʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دھوبی}}
|-
| 8
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}
| ''ḍh''
| {{IPA|[ɖʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ڈھول}}
|-
| 9
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|رھ}}
| ''rh''
| {{IPA|[rʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تیرھواں}}
|-
| 10
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}
| ''ṛh''
| {{IPA|[ɽʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|اڑھائی}}
|-
| 11
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| ''kh''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|کھانسی}}
|-
| 12
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}
| ''gh''
| {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|گھوڑا}}
|-
| 13
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|لھ}}
| ''lh''
| {{IPA|[lʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دولھا}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|دُلہا}})
|-
| 14
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مھ}}
| ''mh''
| {{IPA|[mʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تمھیں}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|تمہیں}})
|-
| 15
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|نھ}}
| ''nh''
| {{IPA|[nʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ننھا}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|-
| 16
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|وھ}}
| ''wh''
| {{IPA|[ʋʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|وھاب}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|- وھاب
| 17
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|یھ}}
| ''yh''
| {{IPA|[jʱ]}}
| {{example needed|date=May 2020}}
|}

=== Differences from [[Persian alphabet]] ===

Urdu has more letters added to the Perso-Arabic base to represent sounds not present in Persian, which already has additional letters added to the Arabic base itself to represent sounds not present in Arabic. The letters added are shown in the table below:

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers"
! Letter !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ٹ]]}}}} || [[voiceless retroflex stop|/ʈ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڈ]]}}}} || [[voiced retroflex stop|/ɖ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڑ]]}}}} || [[retroflex flap|/ɽ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ں]]}}}} || [[nasal vowel|/◌̃/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ے]]}}}} || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ:/]] or [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e:/]].
|}

A separate do-chashmi-[[He (letter)|he]] letter, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}}}, exists to denote a [[aspirated consonant|/ʰ/]] or a [[murmured voice|/ʱ/]]. This letter is mainly used as part of the multitude of digraphs, detailed in above sub-section. In addition to these letters, [[Shahmukhi]] adds 2 consonants on top of Urdu alphabet to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] further adds 4 more consonants.

=== Retroflex letters ===
[[File:Hindustani Urdu retroflex letter T.svg|right|200px]]
[[Old Hindi|Old]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] used four dots {{lang|ur| ٿ ڐ ڙ }} over three Arabic letters {{lang|ar| ت د ر }} to represent retroflex consonants.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=James Robert|title=A Grammar of the Hindustani Language, with Brief Notices of the Braj and Dakhani Dialects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zalHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA11|year=1842|publisher=Madden & Company|page=11}}</ref> In handwriting those dots were often written as a small vertical line attached to a small triangle. Subsequently, this shape became identical to a small letter {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}} ''t̤oʼē''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berggren|first=Olaf|title=Scripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBDnAAAAMAAJ&q=hindustani+four+dots|year=2002|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|page=108}}</ref> It is commonly and erroneously assumed that ''ṭāʾ'' itself was used to indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.{{citation needed| reason = assumed by who, give examples. |date=November 2020}} In modern Urdu {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}}, called ''to'e'' is always pronounced as a [[dental consonant|dental]], not a [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]].{{citation needed| reason = but the scribes coming up with this were not speaking modern Urdu, so this is irrelevant. Look at the etymology of "tomato", in Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, and a Brazilian Portuguese. Firstly Arabic uses ط while Urdu uses ٹ and secondly, in a very short time the pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese has shifted to a "ch". |date=November 2020}}

== Vowels ==
The Urdu language has ten vowels and ten nasalized vowels. Each vowel has four forms depending on its position: initial, middle, final and isolated. Like in its parent Arabic alphabet, Urdu vowels are represented using a combination of digraphs and diacritics. [[Aleph|Alif]], [[Waw (letter)|Waw]], [[Yodh|Ye]], [[He (letter)|He]] and their variants are used to represent vowels.

=== Vowel chart ===

Urdu does not have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels (''a'', ''i'', ''u'') are represented by optional diacritics (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh'') upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant (''alif'', ''ain'', or ''hamzah'') if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants ''alif'', ''ain'', ''ye'', and ''wa'o'' as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh''), whereas some are not (''madd'', ''hamzah''). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[Romanization]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
!Final
!Middle
!Initial
|-
|a
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}
|-
|ā
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|آ}}
|-
|i
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}
|-
|ī
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِى}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}
|-
|e
| {{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اے}}
|-
|ai
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}
|-
|u
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}
|-
|ū
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}
|-
|-
|o
| {{IPA|/oː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|او}}
|-
|au
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}
|}

=== ''Alif'' ===

''Alif'' is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, ''alif'' can be used to represent any of the short vowels: {{Nastaliq|اب}} ''ab'', {{Nastaliq|اسم}} ''ism'', {{Nastaliq|اردو}} ''Urdū''. For long ''ā'' at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: {{Nastaliq|آپ}} ''āp'', but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: {{Nastaliq|بھاگنا}} ''bhāgnā''.

=== ''Wāʾo'' ===

''Wāʾo'' is used to render the vowels "ū", "o", "u" and "au" ([uː], [oː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] respectively), and it is also used to render the [[labiodental approximant]], [ʋ]. Only when preceded by the consonant ''k͟hē ({{Nastaliq|خ}}''), can ''wāʾo'' render the "u" ([ʊ]) sound (such as in {{Nastaliq|خود}}, "''k͟hud''" - ''myself''), or not pronounced at all (such as in ''{{Nastaliq|خواب}}'', "''k͟haab''" - ''dream''). This is known as the [[Silent vav|silent ''wāʾo'']], and is only present in words loaned from Persian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Urdu Language Management |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Urdu/Urdu.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Language Information Services (LIS)-India}}</ref>

=== ''Ye'' ===

''Ye'' is divided into two variants: ''choṭī ye'' ("little ye") and ''[[baṛī ye]]'' ("big ye").

''Choṭī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}}) is written in all forms exactly as in Persian. It is used for the long vowel "ī" and the consonant "y".

''Baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) is used to render the vowels "e" and "ai" ({{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} respectively). ''Baṛī ye'' is distinguishable in writing from ''choṭī ye'' only when it comes at the end of a word/ligature. Additionally, ''Baṛī ye'' is never used to begin a word/ligature, unlike ''choṭī ye''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|چھوٹی يے}} Choṭī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـی}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|یـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ی}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|بڑی يے}} Baṛī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـے}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ے}}
|}

=== ''The 2 he's'' ===
''He'' is divided into two variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he").

''Gol he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) is written round and zigzagged, and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word. Additionally, at the end of a word, it can be used to render the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}), which also alters its form slightly (on modern digital writing systems, this final form is achieved by writing two ''he's'' consecutively).

''Do-cašmi he'' ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}) is written as in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop), in order to create the aspirate consonants and write Arabic words.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|گول ہے}} Gol he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|دو چشمی ہے}} Do-cašmi he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}
|}

=== ''Ayn'' ===
''Ayn'' in its initial and final position is silent in pronunciation and is replaced by the sound of its preceding or succeeding vowel.

=== ''Nun Ghunnah'' ===
[[Nasal vowel|Vowel nasalization]] is represented by ''nun ghunna'' written after their non-nasalized versions, for example: ''{{Nastaliq|ہَے}}'' when nasalized would become ''{{Nastaliq|ہَیں}}''. In middle form ''nun ghunna'' is written just like ''nun'' and is differentiated by a diacritic called {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} or ''ulta jazm'' which is a [[superscript]] V symbol above the {{Nastaliq|ن٘}}.

Examples:
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|'''Form'''
|'''Urdu'''
| '''Transcription'''
|-
|Orthography
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|ں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''ṉ''}}
|-
|End form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|میں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''maiṉ''}}
|-
|Middle form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|کن٘ول}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''kaṉwal''}}
|}

== Diacritics ==
Urdu uses the same subset of diacritics used in [[Arabic diacritics|Arabic]] based on Persian conventions. Urdu also uses [[Perso-Arabic Script|Persian]] names of the diacritics instead of Arabic names. Commonly used diacritics are ''zabar'' (Arabic ''fatḥah''), ''zer'' (Arabic ''kasrah''), ''pesh'' (Arabic ''dammah'') which are used to clarify the pronunciation of vowels, as shown above. ''Jazam'' ({{Nastaliq|ـْـ}} , Arabic ''sukun'') is used to indicate a [[consonant cluster]] and ''tashdid'' ({{Nastaliq|ـّـ}}, Arabic ''shaddah'') is used to indicate a [[gemination]], although it is never used for verbs, which require double consonants to be spelled out separately. Other diacritics include ''khari zabar'' (Arabic ''dagger alif''), ''do zabar'' (Arabic ''fathatan'') which are found in some common [[Arabic]] loan words. Other Arabic diacritics are also sometimes used though very rarely in loan words from Arabic. ''Zer-e-izafat'' and ''hamzah-e-izafat'' are described in the next section.

Other than common diacritics, Urdu also has special diacritics, which are often found only in dictionaries for the clarification of irregular pronunciation. These diacritics include ''kasrah-e-majhool'', ''fathah-e-majhool'', ''dammah-e-majhool'', {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}}, ''ulta jazam'', ''alif-e-wavi'' and some other very rare diacritics. Among these, only {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} is used commonly in dictionaries and has a Unicode representation at U+0658. Other diacritics are only rarely written in printed form, mainly in some advanced dictionaries.<ref name="diacritics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cle.org.pk/clt09/download/Papers/Paper20.pdf|title=Proposal of Inclusion of Certain Characters in Unicode}}</ref>

== Iẓāfat ==
''Iẓāfat'' is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. [[Ezāfe|This construction]] was borrowed from Persian. A short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ''ʿain'' ({{Nastaliq|ع}}), it may be written as ''zer'' ({{Nastaliq|  ِ }}) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in ''choṭī he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) or ''ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}} or {{Nastaliq|ے}}) then ''hamzā'' ({{Nastaliq|ء}}) is used above the last letter ({{Nastaliq|ۂ}} or {{Nastaliq|ئ}} or {{Nastaliq|ۓ}}). If the first word ends in a long vowel ({{Nastaliq|ا}} or {{Nastaliq|و}}), then a different variation of ''baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) with ''hamzā'' on top ({{Nastaliq|ئے}}, obtained by adding {{Nastaliq|ے}} to {{Nastaliq|ئ}}) is added at the end of the first word.{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=99–100}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Forms||Example||Transliteration||Meaning
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ــِ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|شیرِ پنجاب}}||''sher-'''e'''-Panjāb''||the lion of Punjab
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۂ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ملکۂ دنیا}}
|''malikā-'''e'''-dunyā''
|the queen of the world
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ئ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ولئ کامل}}||''walī-'''e'''-kāmil''||perfect saint
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۓ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مۓ عشق}}
|''mai-'''e'''-ishq''
|the wine of love
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" | {{Nastaliq|ئے}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|روئے زمین}}||''rū-''''e'''-zamīn''|| the surface of the Earth
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|صدائے بلند}}||''sadā-''''e'''-buland''||a high voice
|}

== Computers and the Urdu alphabet ==
In the early days of computers, Urdu was not properly represented on any [[code page]]. One of the earliest code pages to represent Urdu was IBM Code Page 868 which dates back to 1990.<ref name="ibm">[ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CS01248.pdf "IBM 868 code page"]</ref> Other early code pages which represented Urdu alphabets were [[Windows-1256]] and [[MacArabic encoding]] both of which date back to the mid-1990s. In [[Unicode]], Urdu is represented inside the Arabic block. Another code page for Urdu, which is used in India, is [[Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange]]. In Pakistan, the 8-bit code page which is developed by [[National Language Authority]] is called Urdu Zabta Takhti ({{Nastaliq|اردو ضابطہ تختی}}) (UZT)<ref name="uzt">{{cite web|url=http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf|title=Urdu Zabta Takhti}}</ref> which represents Urdu in its most complete form including some of its specialized diacritics, though UZT is not designed to coexist with the Latin alphabet.

=== Encoding Urdu in Unicode ===
{{anchor|Unicode}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"
|+ Confusable glyphs in Urdu and Arabic script
|-
! Characters in Urdu
! Characters in Arabic
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ہ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ہ|(U+06C1)]] <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ھ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ھ|(U+06BE)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ه}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ه|(U+0647)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ی}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ی|(U+06CC)]]
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ى}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ى|(U+0649)]] <big>{{lang|ar|ي}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ي|(U+064A)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ک}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ک|(U+06A9)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ك}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ك|(U+0643)]]
|-
|}

Like other writing systems derived from the Arabic script, Urdu uses the 0600–06FF Unicode range.<ref name="unicode600table">{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf | title=Arabic | publisher=unicode.org | access-date=7 April 2019 }}</ref> Certain glyphs in this range appear visually similar (or identical when presented using particular fonts) even though the underlying encoding is different. This presents problems for information storage and retrieval. For example, the [[University of Chicago]]'s electronic copy of John Shakespear's "A Dictionary, Hindustani, and English"<ref name="shakespearDictionary">{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> includes the word '{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}' (''bhārat'' "India"). Searching for the string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بھارت}}}}" returns no results, whereas querying with the (identical-looking in many fonts) string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}" returns the correct entry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215020523/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> This is because the medial form of the Urdu letter ''do chashmi he'' (U+06BE)—used to form aspirate digraphs in Urdu—is visually identical in its medial form to the Arabic letter [[ه|hāʾ]] (U+0647; phonetic value {{IPA|/h/}}). In Urdu, the {{IPA|/h/}} phoneme is represented by the character U+06C1, called ''gol he'' (round ''he''), or ''chhoti he'' (small ''he'').

In 2003, the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)<ref name="crulp">{{cite web|url=http://www.crulp.org/ |title=Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing |publisher=Crulp.org |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>—a research organisation affiliated with Pakistan's [[National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences]]—produced a proposal for mapping from the 1-byte [[Urdu keyboard#Fourth generation|UZT]] encoding of Urdu characters to the Unicode standard.<ref name="uztunicode">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tremu.gov.pk/tremu1/workingroups/pdfpresentations/UZT%20UNICODE%20MAPPING.pdf |date=* }}</ref> This proposal suggests a preferred Unicode glyph for each character in the Urdu alphabet.

{{-}}

=== Software ===
The ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to be typeset digitally in ''Nasta{{okina}}liq'' by computer. There are efforts underway to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and on the Internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals and periodicals are composed on computers via various Urdu software programmes, the most widespread of which is [[InPage]] Desktop Publishing package. [[Microsoft]] has included Urdu language support in all new versions of Windows and both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Microsoft Office 2007]] are available in Urdu through [[Language Interface Pack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/Browse.aspx?displaylang=ur&productID=38DF6AB1-13D4-409C-966D-CBE61F040027 |title=مائِیکروسافٹ ڈاؤُن لوڈ مَرکَزWindows |publisher=Microsoft.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> support. Most Linux Desktop distributions allow the easy installation of Urdu support and translations as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aasims.wordpress.com/tag/ubuntu-in-urdu/ |title=Ubuntu in Urdu « Aasim's Web Corner |publisher=Aasims.wordpress.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] implemented the Urdu language keyboard across [[Mobile device]]s in its [[iOS 8]] update in September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/776214/e-urdu-how-one-mans-plea-for-nastaleeq-was-heard-by-apple/|title=E-Urdu: How one man's plea for Nastaleeq was heard by Apple|date=16 October 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

== Romanization standards and systems ==
{{main|Roman Urdu}}
There are several romanization standards for writing Urdu with the Latin alphabet, though they are not very popular because most fall short of representing the Urdu language properly. Instead of standard romanization schemes, people on Internet, mobile phones and media often use a non-standard form of romanization which tries to mimic [[English Orthography|English orthography]]. The problem with this kind of romanization is that it can only be read by native speakers, and even for them with great difficulty. Among standardized romanization schemes, the most accurate is [[ALA-LC romanization]], which is also supported by National Language Authority. Other romanization schemes are often rejected because either they are unable to represent sounds in Urdu properly, or they often do not take regard of Urdu orthography, and favor pronunciation over orthography.<ref name="roman">{{cite web|url=http://nlpd.gov.pk/uakhbareurdu/august2011/8.html|title=اردو میں نقل حرفی ۔ ایک ابتدائی تعارف : نبلٰی پیرزادہ|website=nlpd.gov.pk}}</ref>

The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and [[North India]]. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in present-day Pakistan and [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]] in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. Thus Roman Urdu was a common way of writing among Pakistani and Indian Christians in these areas up to the 1960s. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman [[Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu|Urdū Bibles]] that enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, the usage of Roman Urdu is declining with the wider use of Hindi and English in these states.

== Glossary of key words from letter names ==
{{anchor|Glossary|Key words|Words from letter names}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ class=nowrap style=text-align:center| Translations and other uses of key words from Urdu letter names
|-
! colspan=3 | Letter name(s)
! colspan=4 | Urdu word
! colspan=3 | Examples of other uses
|-
! style=width:10% | Isolated form
! [[Urdu]] name
! [[Roman Urdu]]
! [[Urdu]]
! class="unsortable" | [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! [[Roman Urdu]] name
! class="unsortable" | English Translation
! Urdu
! [[Roman Urdu]] or [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! class="unsortable" | Translation
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ح|ح]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }}
| baṛī ħē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| بَڑی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| bəɽi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | baṛī / bari
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | big / elder<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: بڑی آنت|بڑی آنت]]}}
| ''Baṛi ant''
| [[large intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ے|ے]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی يـے }}
| baṛī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنت|آنت]]}}
| rowspan=2 |''Ant''
| rowspan=2 | [[intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ی|ی]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی یے }}
| čhōṭī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tʃʰoːʈi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | choti
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%;" | small / minor / junior<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ہ|ہ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| چھوٹی ہے }}
| čhōṭī hē
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: چھوٹی آنت|چھوٹی آنت]]}}
| 
| [[small intestine]]
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }}
| gōl hē
| {{lang|ur| گول }}
| {{ipa| goːl }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| gōl
| style="font-size:90%" | round / spherical / vague / silly / obese<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries (Urdu to English Translation) | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/ | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: گول گپے|گول گپے]]}}
| ''gol gappay''
| [[panipuri]]
|-
| rowspan=4 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ھ|ھ]]}}
| rowspan=4  | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }}
| rowspan=4  | dō-čašmī hē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| }}
| rowspan=2 | do-cashmī
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | two-eyed {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو چشمی دوربین|دو چشمی دوربین]]}}
| ''do-cashmi''
''dorabīn''
| [[binoculars]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دوربین|دوربین]]}}
| ''dorabīn''
| [[telescope]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| دو }}
|
| do
| style="font-size:90%" | 2 / two
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو ایوانیت|دو ایوانیت]]}}
| ''do ayvanīt''
| [[bicameralism]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| چشم }}
| {{ipa| /tʃəʃm/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries/>
| chashm
| style="font-size:90%" | the eye / hope / expectation<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنکھ|چشم]]}}
| ''cashm''
| [[eye]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ں|ں]]}}
| {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }}
| nūn-e ğunnah
| {{lang|ur| غُنّہ }}
| {{ipa| ɣʊnnɑ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| ğunnah{{nbsp}}/ g͟hunnah
| style="font-size:90%" | nasal sound or twang<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| الِف مَدّه }}
| alif maddah
| {{lang|ur| مَدّه }}
|
| maddah
| style="font-size:90%" | [[Arabic]]:
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}
| vāv-e mahmūz
| {{lang|ur| مَہْمُوز }}
| {{ipa|mæhmuːz}}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| mahmūz
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%" | defective / improper<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|- 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="font-size:75%" | {{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur| ء ا آ ب پ ت ٹ ث ب ج چ خ ح د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ں و ہ ھ ی ے }} }}
| rowspan=3 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: حروف تہجی|حروف تہجی]]}} <ref>{{cite web | title=خلا سے زمین پر انگریزی کےحروف تہجی |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/multimedia/2016/01/160105_nasa_abc_space_pics_zz.amp |website=BBC News اردو |access-date=7 May 2020 |language=ur |date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 | harūf tahajī  ([[alphabet]])
| {{lang|ur| تہجی }}
| {{ipa| }}
| tahajī
| style="font-size:90%" | sequence {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حُرُوف }}
| {{ipa| /hʊruːf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harūf
| style="font-size:85%" | letters (plural)<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018132435/https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2016 | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> (often referred to as "alphabets" in informal Pakistani English) 
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حَرْف }}
| {{ipa| /hərf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harf
| style="font-size:85%" | "letter of the alphabet" / handwriting / statement / blame / stigma<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʻliq script]]
* [[Romanization of Urdu]]
* [[Urdu Braille]]
* [[Urdu Informatics]]
* [[Urdu keyboard]]
* [[Urdu Wikipedia]]

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Beginner's Urdu Script|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007141987X}}
* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Read and write Urdu script|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780071747462|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFrFSAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Urdu romanization|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf|publisher=The Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ishida|first1=Richard|title=Urdu script notes|url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/urdu}}

== External links ==

{{Wikibooks|Urdu}}
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu alphabet]
* [http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html Urdu alphabet with Devanagari equivalents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html |date=11 September 2019 }}
* [http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html Hugo's Urdu Alphabet Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035347/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html |date=16 July 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ calligraphyislamic.com], a resource for Urdu calligraphy and script
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/ Urdu Script Introduction from Columbia University]
* [http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181655/http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html |date=6 March 2018 }}

{{Urdu topics}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Hindustani orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]
[[Category:Officially used writing systems of India]]

Urdu alphabet

2026-07-26T11:32:06Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Perso-Arabic-based alphabet used for Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Urdu Alphabet
|altname={{font|size=130%|{{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی‎}}}}}} उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी
|type=Abjad
|languages=[[Urdu]], [[Balti language|Balti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balti alphabet and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/balti.htm |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Shina language|Shina]], infrequent use in [[Burushaski]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir |author1-link=Elena Bashir| first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref> others
|region=
* {{IND}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{SAF}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>
|sample=Urdu example.svg
|imagesize=120px
|caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu''
|time=
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam4=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam5=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|fam6=[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf U+0600 to U+06FF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0750.pdf U+0750 to U+077F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf U+FB50 to U+FDFF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE70.pdf U+FE70 to U+FEFF]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

{{Arabic script sidebar|Urdu}}
{{Writing systems worldwide}}
{{Officially used writing systems in India}}

The '''Urdu alphabet'''{{refn|group=A|name=Urdu|{{Lang-ur|{{uninastaliq
|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی}}}} 
Nagarisation: उर्दू हुरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी [[Romanisation]]: Urdū huruf-e-tahajjī}} is the [[right-to-left]] [[alphabet]] used for [[Urdu]]. It is a modification of the [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39<ref name="book: project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> or 40<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |title=Urdu |website=Omniglot}}</ref> distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the [[calligraphic]] [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʿlīq script]], whereas [[Arabic]] is more commonly written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] (called [[Roman Urdu]]) omit many [[phoneme|phonemic]] elements that have no equivalent in [[English language|English]] or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.

== History ==

The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] and has its origins in 13th century [[Iran]]. It is closely related to the development of the [[Nasta{{Okina}}liq]] style of Perso-Arabic script.

Despite the invention of the [[Urdu keyboard|Urdu typewriter]] in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''[[katib]]s'' or ''[[khush-navees]]'' until the late 1980s. The [[Pakistan]]i [[national newspaper]] ''[[Daily Jang]]'' was the first Urdu [[newspaper]] to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the [[internet]]. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs.

Other than the [[Indian subcontinent]], the Urdu script is also used by [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistan's large diaspora]], including in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and other places.<ref name="omniglot.com"/>

== Nastaliq ==
[[File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Example showing Nastaliq's (Persian) proportion rules.{{cn|date=November 2022}}]]
{{Main|Nastaliq}}

Urdu is written in the [[Nastaliq]] style ({{lang-fa|{{uninastaliq|نستعلیق}}}} Nastaʿlīq). The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style began as a [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] mixture of the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] and [[Ta'liq script|Ta'liq]] scripts. After the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Mughal conquest]], Nasta{{Okina}}liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

In the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written uses more than three general forms for many letters, even in simple non-decorative documents.<ref>{{cite book |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |chapter=*positional chart* |via=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

== Alphabet ==
The Urdu script is an [[abjad]] script derived from the modern [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in [[Semitic languages]] like Arabic and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an [[Indo-European language]], which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/919270|title=Controversy over number of letters in Urdu alphabet|date=15 June 2009|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

{{-}}

=== Letter names and phonemes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Name{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=XV–XVI}}
! colspan="4" | Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan=2 | [[Roman Urdu|Romanization]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! colspan=3 | Order
|-
! Urdu [[Roman Urdu]]
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! style="white-space:nowrap;" | ALA-LC<ref name="LoC">{{cite web | title=Urdu romanization | url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf | publisher=The Library of Congress }}</ref>
! [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]<ref name="Hunterian">Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85.pdf No. 85] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85-ad1.pdf No. 85 Add. 1.]</ref>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| dictionary order<ref name="Colloquial Urdu - order">{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tej K. |last2=Khoul |first2=Ashok |last3=Koul |first3=Ashok |title=Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30471-5 |pages=41–42 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VsVzCgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PT40 |access-date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }}
! style="font-size:110%;" | <ref name="user.uni-hannover"/>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= The far right column was the numbering in the old version of this wiki article. But the Urdu alphabet is very rarely shown with numbering, and the only time I've seen it numbered the order was different to this. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| الف }}}} ''alif''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ا]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـا }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /ʔ/, ''silent''}}{{efn-ua| At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble {{lang|ur| اُردو }} ''"Urdu"''. But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted {{lang|ur| اردو }} like other short vowel diacritcs. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ā'', –
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ā'', –
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بے }}}} ''bē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ب]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـب }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـبـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /b/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''b''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''b''
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پے }}}} ''pē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[پ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /p/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''p''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''p''
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]
| 3
| 3
| 3
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تے }}}} ''tē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ت]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـت }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـتـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''t''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]
| 4
| 4
| 4
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} ''ṭē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ٹ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʈ/ }}
| ''ṭ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
| 5
| 5
| 5
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثے }}}} ''s̱ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ث]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـث }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـثـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''s̱''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]]
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جيم }}}} ''jīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ج]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـج }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـجـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d͡ʒ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''j''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''j''
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]]
| 7
| 7
| 7
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چے }}}} ''cē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[چ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t͡ʃ/ }}
| ''c''
| ''ch''
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} ''baṛī ḥē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ح]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـح }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـحـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| حـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/ }}
| rowspan=2 | ''ḥ''
| rowspan=2 | ''h''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]]
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq|ہٹی حے}}}} ''hutti ḥē''
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خے }}}} ''k͟hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /x/ }}
| ''k͟h''
| ''kh''
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]]
| 10
| 10
| 10
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دال }}}} ''dāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[د]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـد }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''d''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]
| 11
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} ''ḍāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڈ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڈ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɖ/ }}
| ''ḍ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
| 12
| 12
| 12
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ذال }}}} ''ẕāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ذ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـذ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẕ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| 13
| 13
| 13
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| رے }}}} ''rē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ر]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـر }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /r/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''r''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
| 14
| 14
| 14
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} ''ṛē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڑ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڑ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɽ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṛ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| 15
| 15
| 15
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| زے }}}} ''zē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ز]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـز }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''z''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
| 16
| 16
| 16
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ژے }}}} ''zhē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ژ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـژ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʒ/ }} {{efn-ua| Used mainly for [[Persian language|Persian]] loanwords. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''zh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''zh''
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
| 17
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سین }}}} ''sīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[س]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـس }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـسـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''s''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
| 18
| 18
| 18
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شین }}}} ''shīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ش]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـش }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـشـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʃ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''sh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''sh''
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
| 19
| 19
| 19
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صاد }}}} ''ṣwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ص]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـص }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـصـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''ṣ''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} ''ẓwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ض]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـض }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـضـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẓ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| 21
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طوے }}}} ''t̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ط]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـط }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـطـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| ''t̤''
| ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]]
| 22
| 22
| 22
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} ''z̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ظ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''z̤''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| 23
| 23
| 23
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عین }}}} ''{{okina}}ain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ع]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـع }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـعـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, ''silent'' }}
| style="border-right:none;" | {{okina}}
| style="border-left:none;" | {{okina}} {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| 24
| 24
| 24
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غین }}}} ''g͟hain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[غ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɣ/ }}
| ''g͟h''
| ''gh''
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]]
| 25
| 25
| 25
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فے }}}} ''fē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ف]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـف }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـفـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /f/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''f''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''f''
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| 26
| 26
| 26
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قاف }}}} ''qāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـق }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـقـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /q/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''q''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''q''
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
| 27
| 27
| 27
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کاف }}}} ''kāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[Kāf|ک]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـک }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـکـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /k/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''k''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''k''
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06A9]]
| 28
| 28
| 28
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گاف }}}} ''gāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[گ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɡ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''g''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''g''
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]
| 29
| 29
| 29
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لام }}}} ''lām''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ل]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـل }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـلـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /l/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''l''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''l''
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
| 30
| 30
| 30
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| میم }}}} ''mīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[م]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـم }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـمـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| مـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /m/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''m''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''m''
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
| 31
| 31
| 31
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون }}}} ''nūn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ن]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـن }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـنـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''n''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
| 32
| 32
| 32
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون غنّہ }}}} ''nūn g͟hunnā''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ں]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|٘]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـں }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـںـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ںـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| / [[Nasal vowel|◌̃]] / }}  {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṉ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] {{efn-ua| The version shown on the left is [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] , which is used only at the end of words. When it is used in the middle of a word it is a diacritic [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] , which is usually omitted (see [[#Diacritics|below]] for further information on [[#Diacritics|diacritic omission]] in Urdu).}}
| {{efn-ua| Not present in dictionary order because it is not used at the beginning of words. }}
| 32a
| 33
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} ''wā{{hamza}}o''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[و]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـو }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /[[ʋ ]]/, /u[[ː]]/, /[[ʊ ]]/, /o [[ː ]]/, /[[ɔː ]]/ }}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''v'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''w'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
| 33
| 33
| 34
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہے }}}} ''hē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ہ]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/, /ɑː/, /eː/ }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] {{efn-ua| Sometimes ''choṭī hē'' is used to refer to ''hey'' but ''choṭī hē'' can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]] whereas Urdu uses [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] for ''gōl hey''.<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> See also: [[#Unicode|Urdu in Unicode]]. }}
| rowspan=2 | 34
| 34
| rowspan=2 | 35
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چھوٹی ہے }}}} ''choṭī hē''
| 34a
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} ''do-cashmī hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ھ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ھـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʰ/ }} or {{IPA| /ʱ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''h''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''h''
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| 35
| 34b
| 36
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یے }}}} ''yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ی]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـی }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـیـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /j/, /iː/, /ɑː/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
| 36
| 35
| 38
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی یے }}}} ''baṛī yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ے]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـے }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɛː/, /eː/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins| }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| 37
| 35b
| 39
|-
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} ''hamzah''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ئـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʔ/ }} or ''silent'' {{efn-ua|name=hamzah }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| rowspan=2 |
| 35a
| rowspan=2 | 37 {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= Hamzah is more often listed first or last, i can find no source for it being number 37. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ء]] }}}}
|
|
|
| [[:wiktionary: ء|U+0621]]
| 0
|}
:'''Footnotes:'''
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=hamzah| '''Hamzah:''' In [[Urdu]] , ''[[hamzah ]]'' is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as ''hamzah-e-izafat''. The main use of ''hamzah'' in [[Urdu]] is to indicate a vowel cluster.}}
{{efn-ua|name=never_begins| No Urdu word begins with {{lang|ur| ں }}, {{lang|ur| ھ }}, {{lang|ur| ڑ }}, or {{lang|ur| ے }}.{{citation needed| date=May 2020 }} }}
}}

=== Additional characters and variations ===

==== Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah ====
{{anchor|ۃ|ة}}
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered the 40th letter of the Urdu alphabet, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Tāʼ marbūṭah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu tē, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an Urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with Gol hē.

==== Table ====
{| class='wikitable sortable' style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of additional characters and variations
|-
! rowspan=2 | Group
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Letter {{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms}}
! colspan=3 | Name (see: [[#Glossary of key words from letter names|Glossary of key words]])
! rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Unicode <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter | url=https://unicode.org/  | website=unicode.org | access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web | title=Based on ISO 8859-6 | url=https://unicode.org  | website=unicode.org |access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nastaliq]] {{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char}}
! [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] with diacritics
! Roman Urdu or English <ref name="book: project fluency"/><ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
|-
| [[Arabic alphabet#Alif|Alif]]
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| الف مدہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| الِف مَدّه }}}} <ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
| ''alif maddah'' <ref name=user.uni-hannover/>{{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza| Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آزادی|آزادی]]}} - [[:wiktionary: آزادی|"āzādī"]], {{ipa|ɑ:zɑ:d̪i}}, freedom <ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries /> - are distinguished in most contexts. }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0622 ''alef with madda above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|- 
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Hamza]]'' {{efn-ua| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0621 ''[[hamza]]'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| hamza on the line
|- 
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ٔ|ٔ]]}}}} 
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ــٔـ|ــٔـ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| ''hamza diacritic'' {{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza}}{{efn-ua|name=Naskh_2| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0654 ''Hamza Above''
|- 
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0626 ''yeh with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''yē hamza'' / ''alif hamza''
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''baṛī yē hamza''
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06D3 ''yeh barree with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''vāv-e mahmūz'' <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | access-date=29 February 2020 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0624 ''waw with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|‍ۂ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ ـۂ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | U+06C2 ''heh goal with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> or [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] + [[:wiktionary: ٔ|U+0654]]
|-

|-
| rowspan=3 | Arabic {{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|‍ۃ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ ـۃ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="'white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ة|تاء مربوطة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَرْبُوطَة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ marbūṭah'']] "bound ta"
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06C3 ''teh marbuta goal'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة]]}}}} {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|‍ة]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة ـة]]}}}}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0629 ''teh marbuta'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-

|- 
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ت|تاء مفتوحة]]}}}}
| {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَفْتُوحَة]]}}}} 
| style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ maftūḥah '']] "open ta" 
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] ''Teh''
|-

|-
|}

::Footnotes:
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms|Left: Urdu [[Nastaliq]]. Right: Arabic [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] or modern style. }}
{{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char|The [[Nastaliq]] text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.}}
{{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta|see: [[# ة|Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah]] above.}}
}}

==== Hamza in Nastaliq ====
{{anchor| ء in Nastaliq | Hamzah in Nastaliq | Hamza in Nastaliq }}
Hamza can be difficult to recognise in Urdu handwriting and fonts designed to replicate it, closely resembling two dots above as featured in {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ت]]}}}} Té and {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ق]]}}}} Qaf, whereas in Arabic and Geometric fonts it is more distinct and closely resembles the western form of the numeral [[2]] (two).

=== Digraphs ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ The [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] of [[aspirated consonant]]s are as follows.
|-
| No.
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''IPA'''
| Example
|-
| 1
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}
| ''bh''
| {{IPA|[bʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|بھاری}}
|-
| 2
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ''ph''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|پھول}}
|-
| 3
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| ''th''
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تھم}}
|-
| 4
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ''ṭh''
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ٹھنڈا}}
|-
| 5
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}
| ''jh''
| {{IPA|[d͡ʒʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|جھاڑی}}
|-
| 6
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ''ch''
| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|چھتری}}
|-
| 7
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}
| ''dh''
| {{IPA|[dʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دھوبی}}
|-
| 8
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}
| ''ḍh''
| {{IPA|[ɖʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ڈھول}}
|-
| 9
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|رھ}}
| ''rh''
| {{IPA|[rʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تیرھواں}}
|-
| 10
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}
| ''ṛh''
| {{IPA|[ɽʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|اڑھائی}}
|-
| 11
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| ''kh''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|کھانسی}}
|-
| 12
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}
| ''gh''
| {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|گھوڑا}}
|-
| 13
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|لھ}}
| ''lh''
| {{IPA|[lʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دولھا}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|دُلہا}})
|-
| 14
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مھ}}
| ''mh''
| {{IPA|[mʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تمھیں}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|تمہیں}})
|-
| 15
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|نھ}}
| ''nh''
| {{IPA|[nʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ننھا}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|-
| 16
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|وھ}}
| ''wh''
| {{IPA|[ʋʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|وھاب}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|- وھاب
| 17
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|یھ}}
| ''yh''
| {{IPA|[jʱ]}}
| {{example needed|date=May 2020}}
|}

=== Differences from [[Persian alphabet]] ===

Urdu has more letters added to the Perso-Arabic base to represent sounds not present in Persian, which already has additional letters added to the Arabic base itself to represent sounds not present in Arabic. The letters added are shown in the table below:

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers"
! Letter !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ٹ]]}}}} || [[voiceless retroflex stop|/ʈ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڈ]]}}}} || [[voiced retroflex stop|/ɖ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڑ]]}}}} || [[retroflex flap|/ɽ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ں]]}}}} || [[nasal vowel|/◌̃/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ے]]}}}} || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ:/]] or [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e:/]].
|}

A separate do-chashmi-[[He (letter)|he]] letter, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}}}, exists to denote a [[aspirated consonant|/ʰ/]] or a [[murmured voice|/ʱ/]]. This letter is mainly used as part of the multitude of digraphs, detailed in above sub-section. In addition to these letters, [[Shahmukhi]] adds 2 consonants on top of Urdu alphabet to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] further adds 4 more consonants.

=== Retroflex letters ===
[[File:Hindustani Urdu retroflex letter T.svg|right|200px]]
[[Old Hindi|Old]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] used four dots {{lang|ur| ٿ ڐ ڙ }} over three Arabic letters {{lang|ar| ت د ر }} to represent retroflex consonants.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=James Robert|title=A Grammar of the Hindustani Language, with Brief Notices of the Braj and Dakhani Dialects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zalHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA11|year=1842|publisher=Madden & Company|page=11}}</ref> In handwriting those dots were often written as a small vertical line attached to a small triangle. Subsequently, this shape became identical to a small letter {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}} ''t̤oʼē''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berggren|first=Olaf|title=Scripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBDnAAAAMAAJ&q=hindustani+four+dots|year=2002|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|page=108}}</ref> It is commonly and erroneously assumed that ''ṭāʾ'' itself was used to indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.{{citation needed| reason = assumed by who, give examples. |date=November 2020}} In modern Urdu {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}}, called ''to'e'' is always pronounced as a [[dental consonant|dental]], not a [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]].{{citation needed| reason = but the scribes coming up with this were not speaking modern Urdu, so this is irrelevant. Look at the etymology of "tomato", in Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, and a Brazilian Portuguese. Firstly Arabic uses ط while Urdu uses ٹ and secondly, in a very short time the pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese has shifted to a "ch". |date=November 2020}}

== Vowels ==
The Urdu language has ten vowels and ten nasalized vowels. Each vowel has four forms depending on its position: initial, middle, final and isolated. Like in its parent Arabic alphabet, Urdu vowels are represented using a combination of digraphs and diacritics. [[Aleph|Alif]], [[Waw (letter)|Waw]], [[Yodh|Ye]], [[He (letter)|He]] and their variants are used to represent vowels.

=== Vowel chart ===

Urdu does not have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels (''a'', ''i'', ''u'') are represented by optional diacritics (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh'') upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant (''alif'', ''ain'', or ''hamzah'') if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants ''alif'', ''ain'', ''ye'', and ''wa'o'' as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh''), whereas some are not (''madd'', ''hamzah''). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[Romanization]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
!Final
!Middle
!Initial
|-
|a
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}
|-
|ā
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|آ}}
|-
|i
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}
|-
|ī
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِى}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}
|-
|e
| {{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اے}}
|-
|ai
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}
|-
|u
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}
|-
|ū
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}
|-
|-
|o
| {{IPA|/oː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|او}}
|-
|au
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}
|}

=== ''Alif'' ===

''Alif'' is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, ''alif'' can be used to represent any of the short vowels: {{Nastaliq|اب}} ''ab'', {{Nastaliq|اسم}} ''ism'', {{Nastaliq|اردو}} ''Urdū''. For long ''ā'' at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: {{Nastaliq|آپ}} ''āp'', but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: {{Nastaliq|بھاگنا}} ''bhāgnā''.

=== ''Wāʾo'' ===

''Wāʾo'' is used to render the vowels "ū", "o", "u" and "au" ([uː], [oː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] respectively), and it is also used to render the [[labiodental approximant]], [ʋ]. Only when preceded by the consonant ''k͟hē ({{Nastaliq|خ}}''), can ''wāʾo'' render the "u" ([ʊ]) sound (such as in {{Nastaliq|خود}}, "''k͟hud''" - ''myself''), or not pronounced at all (such as in ''{{Nastaliq|خواب}}'', "''k͟haab''" - ''dream''). This is known as the [[Silent vav|silent ''wāʾo'']], and is only present in words loaned from Persian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Urdu Language Management |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Urdu/Urdu.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Language Information Services (LIS)-India}}</ref>

=== ''Ye'' ===

''Ye'' is divided into two variants: ''choṭī ye'' ("little ye") and ''[[baṛī ye]]'' ("big ye").

''Choṭī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}}) is written in all forms exactly as in Persian. It is used for the long vowel "ī" and the consonant "y".

''Baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) is used to render the vowels "e" and "ai" ({{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} respectively). ''Baṛī ye'' is distinguishable in writing from ''choṭī ye'' only when it comes at the end of a word/ligature. Additionally, ''Baṛī ye'' is never used to begin a word/ligature, unlike ''choṭī ye''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|چھوٹی يے}} Choṭī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـی}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|یـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ی}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|بڑی يے}} Baṛī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـے}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ے}}
|}

=== ''The 2 he's'' ===
''He'' is divided into two variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he").

''Gol he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) is written round and zigzagged, and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word. Additionally, at the end of a word, it can be used to render the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}), which also alters its form slightly (on modern digital writing systems, this final form is achieved by writing two ''he's'' consecutively).

''Do-cašmi he'' ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}) is written as in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop), in order to create the aspirate consonants and write Arabic words.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|گول ہے}} Gol he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|دو چشمی ہے}} Do-cašmi he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}
|}

=== ''Ayn'' ===
''Ayn'' in its initial and final position is silent in pronunciation and is replaced by the sound of its preceding or succeeding vowel.

=== ''Nun Ghunnah'' ===
[[Nasal vowel|Vowel nasalization]] is represented by ''nun ghunna'' written after their non-nasalized versions, for example: ''{{Nastaliq|ہَے}}'' when nasalized would become ''{{Nastaliq|ہَیں}}''. In middle form ''nun ghunna'' is written just like ''nun'' and is differentiated by a diacritic called {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} or ''ulta jazm'' which is a [[superscript]] V symbol above the {{Nastaliq|ن٘}}.

Examples:
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|'''Form'''
|'''Urdu'''
| '''Transcription'''
|-
|Orthography
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|ں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''ṉ''}}
|-
|End form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|میں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''maiṉ''}}
|-
|Middle form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|کن٘ول}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''kaṉwal''}}
|}

== Diacritics ==
Urdu uses the same subset of diacritics used in [[Arabic diacritics|Arabic]] based on Persian conventions. Urdu also uses [[Perso-Arabic Script|Persian]] names of the diacritics instead of Arabic names. Commonly used diacritics are ''zabar'' (Arabic ''fatḥah''), ''zer'' (Arabic ''kasrah''), ''pesh'' (Arabic ''dammah'') which are used to clarify the pronunciation of vowels, as shown above. ''Jazam'' ({{Nastaliq|ـْـ}} , Arabic ''sukun'') is used to indicate a [[consonant cluster]] and ''tashdid'' ({{Nastaliq|ـّـ}}, Arabic ''shaddah'') is used to indicate a [[gemination]], although it is never used for verbs, which require double consonants to be spelled out separately. Other diacritics include ''khari zabar'' (Arabic ''dagger alif''), ''do zabar'' (Arabic ''fathatan'') which are found in some common [[Arabic]] loan words. Other Arabic diacritics are also sometimes used though very rarely in loan words from Arabic. ''Zer-e-izafat'' and ''hamzah-e-izafat'' are described in the next section.

Other than common diacritics, Urdu also has special diacritics, which are often found only in dictionaries for the clarification of irregular pronunciation. These diacritics include ''kasrah-e-majhool'', ''fathah-e-majhool'', ''dammah-e-majhool'', {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}}, ''ulta jazam'', ''alif-e-wavi'' and some other very rare diacritics. Among these, only {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} is used commonly in dictionaries and has a Unicode representation at U+0658. Other diacritics are only rarely written in printed form, mainly in some advanced dictionaries.<ref name="diacritics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cle.org.pk/clt09/download/Papers/Paper20.pdf|title=Proposal of Inclusion of Certain Characters in Unicode}}</ref>

== Iẓāfat ==
''Iẓāfat'' is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. [[Ezāfe|This construction]] was borrowed from Persian. A short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ''ʿain'' ({{Nastaliq|ع}}), it may be written as ''zer'' ({{Nastaliq|  ِ }}) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in ''choṭī he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) or ''ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}} or {{Nastaliq|ے}}) then ''hamzā'' ({{Nastaliq|ء}}) is used above the last letter ({{Nastaliq|ۂ}} or {{Nastaliq|ئ}} or {{Nastaliq|ۓ}}). If the first word ends in a long vowel ({{Nastaliq|ا}} or {{Nastaliq|و}}), then a different variation of ''baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) with ''hamzā'' on top ({{Nastaliq|ئے}}, obtained by adding {{Nastaliq|ے}} to {{Nastaliq|ئ}}) is added at the end of the first word.{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=99–100}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Forms||Example||Transliteration||Meaning
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ــِ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|شیرِ پنجاب}}||''sher-'''e'''-Panjāb''||the lion of Punjab
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۂ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ملکۂ دنیا}}
|''malikā-'''e'''-dunyā''
|the queen of the world
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ئ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ولئ کامل}}||''walī-'''e'''-kāmil''||perfect saint
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۓ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مۓ عشق}}
|''mai-'''e'''-ishq''
|the wine of love
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" | {{Nastaliq|ئے}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|روئے زمین}}||''rū-''''e'''-zamīn''|| the surface of the Earth
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|صدائے بلند}}||''sadā-''''e'''-buland''||a high voice
|}

== Computers and the Urdu alphabet ==
In the early days of computers, Urdu was not properly represented on any [[code page]]. One of the earliest code pages to represent Urdu was IBM Code Page 868 which dates back to 1990.<ref name="ibm">[ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CS01248.pdf "IBM 868 code page"]</ref> Other early code pages which represented Urdu alphabets were [[Windows-1256]] and [[MacArabic encoding]] both of which date back to the mid-1990s. In [[Unicode]], Urdu is represented inside the Arabic block. Another code page for Urdu, which is used in India, is [[Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange]]. In Pakistan, the 8-bit code page which is developed by [[National Language Authority]] is called Urdu Zabta Takhti ({{Nastaliq|اردو ضابطہ تختی}}) (UZT)<ref name="uzt">{{cite web|url=http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf|title=Urdu Zabta Takhti}}</ref> which represents Urdu in its most complete form including some of its specialized diacritics, though UZT is not designed to coexist with the Latin alphabet.

=== Encoding Urdu in Unicode ===
{{anchor|Unicode}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"
|+ Confusable glyphs in Urdu and Arabic script
|-
! Characters in Urdu
! Characters in Arabic
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ہ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ہ|(U+06C1)]] <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ھ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ھ|(U+06BE)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ه}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ه|(U+0647)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ی}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ی|(U+06CC)]]
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ى}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ى|(U+0649)]] <big>{{lang|ar|ي}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ي|(U+064A)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ک}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ک|(U+06A9)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ك}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ك|(U+0643)]]
|-
|}

Like other writing systems derived from the Arabic script, Urdu uses the 0600–06FF Unicode range.<ref name="unicode600table">{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf | title=Arabic | publisher=unicode.org | access-date=7 April 2019 }}</ref> Certain glyphs in this range appear visually similar (or identical when presented using particular fonts) even though the underlying encoding is different. This presents problems for information storage and retrieval. For example, the [[University of Chicago]]'s electronic copy of John Shakespear's "A Dictionary, Hindustani, and English"<ref name="shakespearDictionary">{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> includes the word '{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}' (''bhārat'' "India"). Searching for the string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بھارت}}}}" returns no results, whereas querying with the (identical-looking in many fonts) string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}" returns the correct entry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215020523/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> This is because the medial form of the Urdu letter ''do chashmi he'' (U+06BE)—used to form aspirate digraphs in Urdu—is visually identical in its medial form to the Arabic letter [[ه|hāʾ]] (U+0647; phonetic value {{IPA|/h/}}). In Urdu, the {{IPA|/h/}} phoneme is represented by the character U+06C1, called ''gol he'' (round ''he''), or ''chhoti he'' (small ''he'').

In 2003, the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)<ref name="crulp">{{cite web|url=http://www.crulp.org/ |title=Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing |publisher=Crulp.org |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>—a research organisation affiliated with Pakistan's [[National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences]]—produced a proposal for mapping from the 1-byte [[Urdu keyboard#Fourth generation|UZT]] encoding of Urdu characters to the Unicode standard.<ref name="uztunicode">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tremu.gov.pk/tremu1/workingroups/pdfpresentations/UZT%20UNICODE%20MAPPING.pdf |date=* }}</ref> This proposal suggests a preferred Unicode glyph for each character in the Urdu alphabet.

{{-}}

=== Software ===
The ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to be typeset digitally in ''Nasta{{okina}}liq'' by computer. There are efforts underway to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and on the Internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals and periodicals are composed on computers via various Urdu software programmes, the most widespread of which is [[InPage]] Desktop Publishing package. [[Microsoft]] has included Urdu language support in all new versions of Windows and both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Microsoft Office 2007]] are available in Urdu through [[Language Interface Pack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/Browse.aspx?displaylang=ur&productID=38DF6AB1-13D4-409C-966D-CBE61F040027 |title=مائِیکروسافٹ ڈاؤُن لوڈ مَرکَزWindows |publisher=Microsoft.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> support. Most Linux Desktop distributions allow the easy installation of Urdu support and translations as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aasims.wordpress.com/tag/ubuntu-in-urdu/ |title=Ubuntu in Urdu « Aasim's Web Corner |publisher=Aasims.wordpress.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] implemented the Urdu language keyboard across [[Mobile device]]s in its [[iOS 8]] update in September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/776214/e-urdu-how-one-mans-plea-for-nastaleeq-was-heard-by-apple/|title=E-Urdu: How one man's plea for Nastaleeq was heard by Apple|date=16 October 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

== Romanization standards and systems ==
{{main|Roman Urdu}}
There are several romanization standards for writing Urdu with the Latin alphabet, though they are not very popular because most fall short of representing the Urdu language properly. Instead of standard romanization schemes, people on Internet, mobile phones and media often use a non-standard form of romanization which tries to mimic [[English Orthography|English orthography]]. The problem with this kind of romanization is that it can only be read by native speakers, and even for them with great difficulty. Among standardized romanization schemes, the most accurate is [[ALA-LC romanization]], which is also supported by National Language Authority. Other romanization schemes are often rejected because either they are unable to represent sounds in Urdu properly, or they often do not take regard of Urdu orthography, and favor pronunciation over orthography.<ref name="roman">{{cite web|url=http://nlpd.gov.pk/uakhbareurdu/august2011/8.html|title=اردو میں نقل حرفی ۔ ایک ابتدائی تعارف : نبلٰی پیرزادہ|website=nlpd.gov.pk}}</ref>

The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and [[North India]]. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in present-day Pakistan and [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]] in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. Thus Roman Urdu was a common way of writing among Pakistani and Indian Christians in these areas up to the 1960s. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman [[Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu|Urdū Bibles]] that enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, the usage of Roman Urdu is declining with the wider use of Hindi and English in these states.

== Glossary of key words from letter names ==
{{anchor|Glossary|Key words|Words from letter names}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ class=nowrap style=text-align:center| Translations and other uses of key words from Urdu letter names
|-
! colspan=3 | Letter name(s)
! colspan=4 | Urdu word
! colspan=3 | Examples of other uses
|-
! style=width:10% | Isolated form
! [[Urdu]] name
! [[Roman Urdu]]
! [[Urdu]]
! class="unsortable" | [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! [[Roman Urdu]] name
! class="unsortable" | English Translation
! Urdu
! [[Roman Urdu]] or [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! class="unsortable" | Translation
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ح|ح]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }}
| baṛī ħē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| بَڑی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| bəɽi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | baṛī / bari
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | big / elder<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: بڑی آنت|بڑی آنت]]}}
| ''Baṛi ant''
| [[large intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ے|ے]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی يـے }}
| baṛī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنت|آنت]]}}
| rowspan=2 |''Ant''
| rowspan=2 | [[intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ی|ی]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی یے }}
| čhōṭī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tʃʰoːʈi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | choti
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%;" | small / minor / junior<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ہ|ہ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| چھوٹی ہے }}
| čhōṭī hē
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: چھوٹی آنت|چھوٹی آنت]]}}
| 
| [[small intestine]]
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }}
| gōl hē
| {{lang|ur| گول }}
| {{ipa| goːl }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| gōl
| style="font-size:90%" | round / spherical / vague / silly / obese<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries (Urdu to English Translation) | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/ | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: گول گپے|گول گپے]]}}
| ''gol gappay''
| [[panipuri]]
|-
| rowspan=4 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ھ|ھ]]}}
| rowspan=4  | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }}
| rowspan=4  | dō-čašmī hē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| }}
| rowspan=2 | do-cashmī
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | two-eyed {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو چشمی دوربین|دو چشمی دوربین]]}}
| ''do-cashmi''
''dorabīn''
| [[binoculars]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دوربین|دوربین]]}}
| ''dorabīn''
| [[telescope]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| دو }}
|
| do
| style="font-size:90%" | 2 / two
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو ایوانیت|دو ایوانیت]]}}
| ''do ayvanīt''
| [[bicameralism]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| چشم }}
| {{ipa| /tʃəʃm/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries/>
| chashm
| style="font-size:90%" | the eye / hope / expectation<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنکھ|چشم]]}}
| ''cashm''
| [[eye]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ں|ں]]}}
| {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }}
| nūn-e ğunnah
| {{lang|ur| غُنّہ }}
| {{ipa| ɣʊnnɑ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| ğunnah{{nbsp}}/ g͟hunnah
| style="font-size:90%" | nasal sound or twang<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| الِف مَدّه }}
| alif maddah
| {{lang|ur| مَدّه }}
|
| maddah
| style="font-size:90%" | [[Arabic]]:
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}
| vāv-e mahmūz
| {{lang|ur| مَہْمُوز }}
| {{ipa|mæhmuːz}}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| mahmūz
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%" | defective / improper<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|- 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="font-size:75%" | {{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur| ء ا آ ب پ ت ٹ ث ب ج چ خ ح د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ں و ہ ھ ی ے }} }}
| rowspan=3 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: حروف تہجی|حروف تہجی]]}} <ref>{{cite web | title=خلا سے زمین پر انگریزی کےحروف تہجی |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/multimedia/2016/01/160105_nasa_abc_space_pics_zz.amp |website=BBC News اردو |access-date=7 May 2020 |language=ur |date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 | harūf tahajī  ([[alphabet]])
| {{lang|ur| تہجی }}
| {{ipa| }}
| tahajī
| style="font-size:90%" | sequence {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حُرُوف }}
| {{ipa| /hʊruːf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harūf
| style="font-size:85%" | letters (plural)<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018132435/https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2016 | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> (often referred to as "alphabets" in informal Pakistani English) 
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حَرْف }}
| {{ipa| /hərf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harf
| style="font-size:85%" | "letter of the alphabet" / handwriting / statement / blame / stigma<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʻliq script]]
* [[Romanization of Urdu]]
* [[Urdu Braille]]
* [[Urdu Informatics]]
* [[Urdu keyboard]]
* [[Urdu Wikipedia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Beginner's Urdu Script|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007141987X}}
* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Read and write Urdu script|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780071747462|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFrFSAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Urdu romanization|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf|publisher=The Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ishida|first1=Richard|title=Urdu script notes|url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/urdu}}

== External links ==

{{Wikibooks|Urdu}}
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu alphabet]
* [http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html Urdu alphabet with Devanagari equivalents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html |date=11 September 2019 }}
* [http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html Hugo's Urdu Alphabet Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035347/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html |date=16 July 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ calligraphyislamic.com], a resource for Urdu calligraphy and script
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/ Urdu Script Introduction from Columbia University]
* [http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181655/http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html |date=6 March 2018 }}

{{Urdu topics}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Hindustani orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]
[[Category:Officially used writing systems of India]]

Urdu alphabet

2026-07-26T11:28:32Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Perso-Arabic-based alphabet used for Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Urdu Alphabet
|altname={{font|size=130%|{{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur|حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی اردو}}}}}} उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी
|type=Abjad
|languages=[[Urdu]], [[Balti language|Balti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balti alphabet and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/balti.htm |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Shina language|Shina]], infrequent use in [[Burushaski]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir |author1-link=Elena Bashir| first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref> others
|region=
* {{IND}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{SAF}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>
|sample=Urdu example.svg
|imagesize=120px
|caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu''
|time=
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam4=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam5=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|fam6=[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf U+0600 to U+06FF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0750.pdf U+0750 to U+077F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf U+FB50 to U+FDFF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE70.pdf U+FE70 to U+FEFF]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

{{Arabic script sidebar|Urdu}}
{{Writing systems worldwide}}
{{Officially used writing systems in India}}

The '''Urdu alphabet''' ({{Lang-ur|{{uninastaliq
|اردو حُرُوفِ تَہَجّی}}|translit=urdū harūf-e-tahajjī|label=}} ''उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी''{{spaces|1}}), is the [[right-to-left]] [[alphabet]] used for [[Urdu]]. It is a modification of the [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39<ref name="book: project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> or 40<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |title=Urdu |website=Omniglot}}</ref> distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the [[calligraphic]] [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʿlīq script]], whereas [[Arabic]] is more commonly written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] (called [[Roman Urdu]]) omit many [[phoneme|phonemic]] elements that have no equivalent in [[English language|English]] or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.

== History ==

The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] and has its origins in 13th century [[Iran]]. It is closely related to the development of the [[Nasta{{Okina}}liq]] style of Perso-Arabic script.

Despite the invention of the [[Urdu keyboard|Urdu typewriter]] in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''[[katib]]s'' or ''[[khush-navees]]'' until the late 1980s. The [[Pakistan]]i [[national newspaper]] ''[[Daily Jang]]'' was the first Urdu [[newspaper]] to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the [[internet]]. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs.

Other than the [[Indian subcontinent]], the Urdu script is also used by [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistan's large diaspora]], including in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and other places.<ref name="omniglot.com"/>

== Nastaliq ==
[[File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Example showing Nastaliq's (Persian) proportion rules.{{cn|date=November 2022}}]]
{{Main|Nastaliq}}

Urdu is written in the [[Nastaliq]] style ({{lang-fa|{{uninastaliq|نستعلیق}}}} Nastaʿlīq). The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style began as a [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] mixture of the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] and [[Ta'liq script|Ta'liq]] scripts. After the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Mughal conquest]], Nasta{{Okina}}liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

In the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written uses more than three general forms for many letters, even in simple non-decorative documents.<ref>{{cite book |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |chapter=*positional chart* |via=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

== Alphabet ==
The Urdu script is an [[abjad]] script derived from the modern [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in [[Semitic languages]] like Arabic and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an [[Indo-European language]], which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/919270|title=Controversy over number of letters in Urdu alphabet|date=15 June 2009|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

{{-}}

=== Letter names and phonemes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Name{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=XV–XVI}}
! colspan="4" | Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan=2 | [[Roman Urdu|Romanization]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! colspan=3 | Order
|-
! Urdu [[Roman Urdu]]
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! style="white-space:nowrap;" | ALA-LC<ref name="LoC">{{cite web | title=Urdu romanization | url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf | publisher=The Library of Congress }}</ref>
! [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]<ref name="Hunterian">Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85.pdf No. 85] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85-ad1.pdf No. 85 Add. 1.]</ref>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| dictionary order<ref name="Colloquial Urdu - order">{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tej K. |last2=Khoul |first2=Ashok |last3=Koul |first3=Ashok |title=Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30471-5 |pages=41–42 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VsVzCgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PT40 |access-date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }}
! style="font-size:110%;" | <ref name="user.uni-hannover"/>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= The far right column was the numbering in the old version of this wiki article. But the Urdu alphabet is very rarely shown with numbering, and the only time I've seen it numbered the order was different to this. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| الف }}}} ''alif''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ا]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـا }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /ʔ/, ''silent''}}{{efn-ua| At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble {{lang|ur| اُردو }} ''"Urdu"''. But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted {{lang|ur| اردو }} like other short vowel diacritcs. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ā'', –
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ā'', –
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بے }}}} ''bē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ب]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـب }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـبـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /b/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''b''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''b''
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پے }}}} ''pē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[پ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /p/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''p''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''p''
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]
| 3
| 3
| 3
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تے }}}} ''tē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ت]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـت }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـتـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''t''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]
| 4
| 4
| 4
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} ''ṭē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ٹ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʈ/ }}
| ''ṭ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
| 5
| 5
| 5
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثے }}}} ''s̱ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ث]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـث }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـثـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''s̱''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]]
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جيم }}}} ''jīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ج]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـج }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـجـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d͡ʒ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''j''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''j''
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]]
| 7
| 7
| 7
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چے }}}} ''cē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[چ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t͡ʃ/ }}
| ''c''
| ''ch''
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} ''baṛī ḥē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ح]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـح }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـحـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| حـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/ }}
| rowspan=2 | ''ḥ''
| rowspan=2 | ''h''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]]
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq|ہٹی حے}}}} ''hutti ḥē''
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خے }}}} ''k͟hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /x/ }}
| ''k͟h''
| ''kh''
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]]
| 10
| 10
| 10
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دال }}}} ''dāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[د]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـد }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''d''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]
| 11
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} ''ḍāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڈ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڈ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɖ/ }}
| ''ḍ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
| 12
| 12
| 12
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ذال }}}} ''ẕāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ذ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـذ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẕ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| 13
| 13
| 13
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| رے }}}} ''rē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ر]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـر }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /r/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''r''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
| 14
| 14
| 14
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} ''ṛē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڑ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڑ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɽ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṛ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| 15
| 15
| 15
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| زے }}}} ''zē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ز]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـز }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''z''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
| 16
| 16
| 16
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ژے }}}} ''zhē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ژ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـژ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʒ/ }} {{efn-ua| Used mainly for [[Persian language|Persian]] loanwords. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''zh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''zh''
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
| 17
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سین }}}} ''sīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[س]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـس }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـسـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''s''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
| 18
| 18
| 18
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شین }}}} ''shīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ش]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـش }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـشـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʃ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''sh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''sh''
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
| 19
| 19
| 19
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صاد }}}} ''ṣwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ص]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـص }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـصـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''ṣ''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} ''ẓwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ض]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـض }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـضـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẓ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| 21
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طوے }}}} ''t̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ط]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـط }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـطـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| ''t̤''
| ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]]
| 22
| 22
| 22
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} ''z̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ظ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''z̤''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| 23
| 23
| 23
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عین }}}} ''{{okina}}ain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ع]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـع }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـعـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, ''silent'' }}
| style="border-right:none;" | {{okina}}
| style="border-left:none;" | {{okina}} {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| 24
| 24
| 24
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غین }}}} ''g͟hain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[غ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɣ/ }}
| ''g͟h''
| ''gh''
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]]
| 25
| 25
| 25
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فے }}}} ''fē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ف]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـف }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـفـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /f/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''f''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''f''
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| 26
| 26
| 26
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قاف }}}} ''qāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـق }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـقـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /q/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''q''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''q''
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
| 27
| 27
| 27
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کاف }}}} ''kāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[Kāf|ک]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـک }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـکـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /k/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''k''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''k''
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06A9]]
| 28
| 28
| 28
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گاف }}}} ''gāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[گ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɡ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''g''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''g''
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]
| 29
| 29
| 29
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لام }}}} ''lām''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ل]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـل }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـلـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /l/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''l''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''l''
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
| 30
| 30
| 30
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| میم }}}} ''mīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[م]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـم }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـمـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| مـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /m/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''m''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''m''
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
| 31
| 31
| 31
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون }}}} ''nūn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ن]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـن }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـنـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''n''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
| 32
| 32
| 32
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون غنّہ }}}} ''nūn g͟hunnā''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ں]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|٘]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـں }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـںـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ںـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| / [[Nasal vowel|◌̃]] / }}  {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṉ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] {{efn-ua| The version shown on the left is [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] , which is used only at the end of words. When it is used in the middle of a word it is a diacritic [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] , which is usually omitted (see [[#Diacritics|below]] for further information on [[#Diacritics|diacritic omission]] in Urdu).}}
| {{efn-ua| Not present in dictionary order because it is not used at the beginning of words. }}
| 32a
| 33
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} ''wā{{hamza}}o''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[و]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـو }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /[[ʋ ]]/, /u[[ː]]/, /[[ʊ ]]/, /o [[ː ]]/, /[[ɔː ]]/ }}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''v'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''w'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
| 33
| 33
| 34
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہے }}}} ''hē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ہ]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/, /ɑː/, /eː/ }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] {{efn-ua| Sometimes ''choṭī hē'' is used to refer to ''hey'' but ''choṭī hē'' can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]] whereas Urdu uses [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] for ''gōl hey''.<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> See also: [[#Unicode|Urdu in Unicode]]. }}
| rowspan=2 | 34
| 34
| rowspan=2 | 35
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چھوٹی ہے }}}} ''choṭī hē''
| 34a
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} ''do-cashmī hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ھ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ھـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʰ/ }} or {{IPA| /ʱ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''h''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''h''
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| 35
| 34b
| 36
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یے }}}} ''yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ی]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـی }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـیـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /j/, /iː/, /ɑː/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
| 36
| 35
| 38
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی یے }}}} ''baṛī yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ے]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـے }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɛː/, /eː/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins| }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| 37
| 35b
| 39
|-
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} ''hamzah''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ئـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʔ/ }} or ''silent'' {{efn-ua|name=hamzah }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| rowspan=2 |
| 35a
| rowspan=2 | 37 {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= Hamzah is more often listed first or last, i can find no source for it being number 37. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ء]] }}}}
|
|
|
| [[:wiktionary: ء|U+0621]]
| 0
|}
:'''Footnotes:'''
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=hamzah| '''Hamzah:''' In [[Urdu]] , ''[[hamzah ]]'' is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as ''hamzah-e-izafat''. The main use of ''hamzah'' in [[Urdu]] is to indicate a vowel cluster.}}
{{efn-ua|name=never_begins| No Urdu word begins with {{lang|ur| ں }}, {{lang|ur| ھ }}, {{lang|ur| ڑ }}, or {{lang|ur| ے }}.{{citation needed| date=May 2020 }} }}
}}

=== Additional characters and variations ===

==== Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah ====
{{anchor|ۃ|ة}}
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered the 40th letter of the Urdu alphabet, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Tāʼ marbūṭah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu tē, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an Urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with Gol hē.

==== Table ====
{| class='wikitable sortable' style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of additional characters and variations
|-
! rowspan=2 | Group
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Letter {{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms}}
! colspan=3 | Name (see: [[#Glossary of key words from letter names|Glossary of key words]])
! rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Unicode <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter | url=https://unicode.org/  | website=unicode.org | access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web | title=Based on ISO 8859-6 | url=https://unicode.org  | website=unicode.org |access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nastaliq]] {{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char}}
! [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] with diacritics
! Roman Urdu or English <ref name="book: project fluency"/><ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
|-
| [[Arabic alphabet#Alif|Alif]]
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| الف مدہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| الِف مَدّه }}}} <ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
| ''alif maddah'' <ref name=user.uni-hannover/>{{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza| Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آزادی|آزادی]]}} - [[:wiktionary: آزادی|"āzādī"]], {{ipa|ɑ:zɑ:d̪i}}, freedom <ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries /> - are distinguished in most contexts. }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0622 ''alef with madda above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|- 
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Hamza]]'' {{efn-ua| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0621 ''[[hamza]]'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| hamza on the line
|- 
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ٔ|ٔ]]}}}} 
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ــٔـ|ــٔـ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| ''hamza diacritic'' {{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza}}{{efn-ua|name=Naskh_2| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0654 ''Hamza Above''
|- 
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0626 ''yeh with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''yē hamza'' / ''alif hamza''
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''baṛī yē hamza''
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06D3 ''yeh barree with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''vāv-e mahmūz'' <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | access-date=29 February 2020 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0624 ''waw with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|‍ۂ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ ـۂ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | U+06C2 ''heh goal with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> or [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] + [[:wiktionary: ٔ|U+0654]]
|-

|-
| rowspan=3 | Arabic {{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|‍ۃ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ ـۃ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="'white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ة|تاء مربوطة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَرْبُوطَة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ marbūṭah'']] "bound ta"
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06C3 ''teh marbuta goal'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة]]}}}} {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|‍ة]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة ـة]]}}}}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0629 ''teh marbuta'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-

|- 
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ت|تاء مفتوحة]]}}}}
| {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَفْتُوحَة]]}}}} 
| style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ maftūḥah '']] "open ta" 
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] ''Teh''
|-

|-
|}

::Footnotes:
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms|Left: Urdu [[Nastaliq]]. Right: Arabic [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] or modern style. }}
{{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char|The [[Nastaliq]] text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.}}
{{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta|see: [[# ة|Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah]] above.}}
}}

==== Hamza in Nastaliq ====
{{anchor| ء in Nastaliq | Hamzah in Nastaliq | Hamza in Nastaliq }}
Hamza can be difficult to recognise in Urdu handwriting and fonts designed to replicate it, closely resembling two dots above as featured in {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ت]]}}}} Té and {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ق]]}}}} Qaf, whereas in Arabic and Geometric fonts it is more distinct and closely resembles the western form of the numeral [[2]] (two).

=== Digraphs ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ The [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] of [[aspirated consonant]]s are as follows.
|-
| No.
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''IPA'''
| Example
|-
| 1
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}
| ''bh''
| {{IPA|[bʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|بھاری}}
|-
| 2
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ''ph''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|پھول}}
|-
| 3
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| ''th''
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تھم}}
|-
| 4
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ''ṭh''
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ٹھنڈا}}
|-
| 5
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}
| ''jh''
| {{IPA|[d͡ʒʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|جھاڑی}}
|-
| 6
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ''ch''
| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|چھتری}}
|-
| 7
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}
| ''dh''
| {{IPA|[dʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دھوبی}}
|-
| 8
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}
| ''ḍh''
| {{IPA|[ɖʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ڈھول}}
|-
| 9
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|رھ}}
| ''rh''
| {{IPA|[rʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تیرھواں}}
|-
| 10
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}
| ''ṛh''
| {{IPA|[ɽʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|اڑھائی}}
|-
| 11
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| ''kh''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|کھانسی}}
|-
| 12
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}
| ''gh''
| {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|گھوڑا}}
|-
| 13
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|لھ}}
| ''lh''
| {{IPA|[lʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دولھا}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|دُلہا}})
|-
| 14
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مھ}}
| ''mh''
| {{IPA|[mʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تمھیں}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|تمہیں}})
|-
| 15
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|نھ}}
| ''nh''
| {{IPA|[nʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ننھا}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|-
| 16
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|وھ}}
| ''wh''
| {{IPA|[ʋʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|وھاب}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|- وھاب
| 17
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|یھ}}
| ''yh''
| {{IPA|[jʱ]}}
| {{example needed|date=May 2020}}
|}

=== Differences from [[Persian alphabet]] ===

Urdu has more letters added to the Perso-Arabic base to represent sounds not present in Persian, which already has additional letters added to the Arabic base itself to represent sounds not present in Arabic. The letters added are shown in the table below:

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers"
! Letter !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ٹ]]}}}} || [[voiceless retroflex stop|/ʈ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڈ]]}}}} || [[voiced retroflex stop|/ɖ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڑ]]}}}} || [[retroflex flap|/ɽ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ں]]}}}} || [[nasal vowel|/◌̃/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ے]]}}}} || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ:/]] or [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e:/]].
|}

A separate do-chashmi-[[He (letter)|he]] letter, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}}}, exists to denote a [[aspirated consonant|/ʰ/]] or a [[murmured voice|/ʱ/]]. This letter is mainly used as part of the multitude of digraphs, detailed in above sub-section. In addition to these letters, [[Shahmukhi]] adds 2 consonants on top of Urdu alphabet to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] further adds 4 more consonants.

=== Retroflex letters ===
[[File:Hindustani Urdu retroflex letter T.svg|right|200px]]
[[Old Hindi|Old]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] used four dots {{lang|ur| ٿ ڐ ڙ }} over three Arabic letters {{lang|ar| ت د ر }} to represent retroflex consonants.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=James Robert|title=A Grammar of the Hindustani Language, with Brief Notices of the Braj and Dakhani Dialects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zalHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA11|year=1842|publisher=Madden & Company|page=11}}</ref> In handwriting those dots were often written as a small vertical line attached to a small triangle. Subsequently, this shape became identical to a small letter {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}} ''t̤oʼē''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berggren|first=Olaf|title=Scripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBDnAAAAMAAJ&q=hindustani+four+dots|year=2002|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|page=108}}</ref> It is commonly and erroneously assumed that ''ṭāʾ'' itself was used to indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.{{citation needed| reason = assumed by who, give examples. |date=November 2020}} In modern Urdu {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}}, called ''to'e'' is always pronounced as a [[dental consonant|dental]], not a [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]].{{citation needed| reason = but the scribes coming up with this were not speaking modern Urdu, so this is irrelevant. Look at the etymology of "tomato", in Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, and a Brazilian Portuguese. Firstly Arabic uses ط while Urdu uses ٹ and secondly, in a very short time the pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese has shifted to a "ch". |date=November 2020}}

== Vowels ==
The Urdu language has ten vowels and ten nasalized vowels. Each vowel has four forms depending on its position: initial, middle, final and isolated. Like in its parent Arabic alphabet, Urdu vowels are represented using a combination of digraphs and diacritics. [[Aleph|Alif]], [[Waw (letter)|Waw]], [[Yodh|Ye]], [[He (letter)|He]] and their variants are used to represent vowels.

=== Vowel chart ===

Urdu does not have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels (''a'', ''i'', ''u'') are represented by optional diacritics (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh'') upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant (''alif'', ''ain'', or ''hamzah'') if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants ''alif'', ''ain'', ''ye'', and ''wa'o'' as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh''), whereas some are not (''madd'', ''hamzah''). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[Romanization]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
!Final
!Middle
!Initial
|-
|a
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}
|-
|ā
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|آ}}
|-
|i
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}
|-
|ī
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِى}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}
|-
|e
| {{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اے}}
|-
|ai
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}
|-
|u
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}
|-
|ū
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}
|-
|-
|o
| {{IPA|/oː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|او}}
|-
|au
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}
|}

=== ''Alif'' ===

''Alif'' is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, ''alif'' can be used to represent any of the short vowels: {{Nastaliq|اب}} ''ab'', {{Nastaliq|اسم}} ''ism'', {{Nastaliq|اردو}} ''Urdū''. For long ''ā'' at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: {{Nastaliq|آپ}} ''āp'', but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: {{Nastaliq|بھاگنا}} ''bhāgnā''.

=== ''Wāʾo'' ===

''Wāʾo'' is used to render the vowels "ū", "o", "u" and "au" ([uː], [oː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] respectively), and it is also used to render the [[labiodental approximant]], [ʋ]. Only when preceded by the consonant ''k͟hē ({{Nastaliq|خ}}''), can ''wāʾo'' render the "u" ([ʊ]) sound (such as in {{Nastaliq|خود}}, "''k͟hud''" - ''myself''), or not pronounced at all (such as in ''{{Nastaliq|خواب}}'', "''k͟haab''" - ''dream''). This is known as the [[Silent vav|silent ''wāʾo'']], and is only present in words loaned from Persian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Urdu Language Management |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Urdu/Urdu.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Language Information Services (LIS)-India}}</ref>

=== ''Ye'' ===

''Ye'' is divided into two variants: ''choṭī ye'' ("little ye") and ''[[baṛī ye]]'' ("big ye").

''Choṭī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}}) is written in all forms exactly as in Persian. It is used for the long vowel "ī" and the consonant "y".

''Baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) is used to render the vowels "e" and "ai" ({{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} respectively). ''Baṛī ye'' is distinguishable in writing from ''choṭī ye'' only when it comes at the end of a word/ligature. Additionally, ''Baṛī ye'' is never used to begin a word/ligature, unlike ''choṭī ye''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|چھوٹی يے}} Choṭī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـی}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|یـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ی}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|بڑی يے}} Baṛī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـے}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ے}}
|}

=== ''The 2 he's'' ===
''He'' is divided into two variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he").

''Gol he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) is written round and zigzagged, and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word. Additionally, at the end of a word, it can be used to render the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}), which also alters its form slightly (on modern digital writing systems, this final form is achieved by writing two ''he's'' consecutively).

''Do-cašmi he'' ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}) is written as in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop), in order to create the aspirate consonants and write Arabic words.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|گول ہے}} Gol he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|دو چشمی ہے}} Do-cašmi he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}
|}

=== ''Ayn'' ===
''Ayn'' in its initial and final position is silent in pronunciation and is replaced by the sound of its preceding or succeeding vowel.

=== ''Nun Ghunnah'' ===
[[Nasal vowel|Vowel nasalization]] is represented by ''nun ghunna'' written after their non-nasalized versions, for example: ''{{Nastaliq|ہَے}}'' when nasalized would become ''{{Nastaliq|ہَیں}}''. In middle form ''nun ghunna'' is written just like ''nun'' and is differentiated by a diacritic called {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} or ''ulta jazm'' which is a [[superscript]] V symbol above the {{Nastaliq|ن٘}}.

Examples:
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|'''Form'''
|'''Urdu'''
| '''Transcription'''
|-
|Orthography
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|ں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''ṉ''}}
|-
|End form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|میں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''maiṉ''}}
|-
|Middle form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|کن٘ول}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''kaṉwal''}}
|}

== Diacritics ==
Urdu uses the same subset of diacritics used in [[Arabic diacritics|Arabic]] based on Persian conventions. Urdu also uses [[Perso-Arabic Script|Persian]] names of the diacritics instead of Arabic names. Commonly used diacritics are ''zabar'' (Arabic ''fatḥah''), ''zer'' (Arabic ''kasrah''), ''pesh'' (Arabic ''dammah'') which are used to clarify the pronunciation of vowels, as shown above. ''Jazam'' ({{Nastaliq|ـْـ}} , Arabic ''sukun'') is used to indicate a [[consonant cluster]] and ''tashdid'' ({{Nastaliq|ـّـ}}, Arabic ''shaddah'') is used to indicate a [[gemination]], although it is never used for verbs, which require double consonants to be spelled out separately. Other diacritics include ''khari zabar'' (Arabic ''dagger alif''), ''do zabar'' (Arabic ''fathatan'') which are found in some common [[Arabic]] loan words. Other Arabic diacritics are also sometimes used though very rarely in loan words from Arabic. ''Zer-e-izafat'' and ''hamzah-e-izafat'' are described in the next section.

Other than common diacritics, Urdu also has special diacritics, which are often found only in dictionaries for the clarification of irregular pronunciation. These diacritics include ''kasrah-e-majhool'', ''fathah-e-majhool'', ''dammah-e-majhool'', {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}}, ''ulta jazam'', ''alif-e-wavi'' and some other very rare diacritics. Among these, only {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} is used commonly in dictionaries and has a Unicode representation at U+0658. Other diacritics are only rarely written in printed form, mainly in some advanced dictionaries.<ref name="diacritics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cle.org.pk/clt09/download/Papers/Paper20.pdf|title=Proposal of Inclusion of Certain Characters in Unicode}}</ref>

== Iẓāfat ==
''Iẓāfat'' is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. [[Ezāfe|This construction]] was borrowed from Persian. A short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ''ʿain'' ({{Nastaliq|ع}}), it may be written as ''zer'' ({{Nastaliq|  ِ }}) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in ''choṭī he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) or ''ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}} or {{Nastaliq|ے}}) then ''hamzā'' ({{Nastaliq|ء}}) is used above the last letter ({{Nastaliq|ۂ}} or {{Nastaliq|ئ}} or {{Nastaliq|ۓ}}). If the first word ends in a long vowel ({{Nastaliq|ا}} or {{Nastaliq|و}}), then a different variation of ''baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) with ''hamzā'' on top ({{Nastaliq|ئے}}, obtained by adding {{Nastaliq|ے}} to {{Nastaliq|ئ}}) is added at the end of the first word.{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=99–100}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Forms||Example||Transliteration||Meaning
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ــِ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|شیرِ پنجاب}}||''sher-'''e'''-Panjāb''||the lion of Punjab
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۂ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ملکۂ دنیا}}
|''malikā-'''e'''-dunyā''
|the queen of the world
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ئ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ولئ کامل}}||''walī-'''e'''-kāmil''||perfect saint
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۓ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مۓ عشق}}
|''mai-'''e'''-ishq''
|the wine of love
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" | {{Nastaliq|ئے}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|روئے زمین}}||''rū-''''e'''-zamīn''|| the surface of the Earth
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|صدائے بلند}}||''sadā-''''e'''-buland''||a high voice
|}

== Computers and the Urdu alphabet ==
In the early days of computers, Urdu was not properly represented on any [[code page]]. One of the earliest code pages to represent Urdu was IBM Code Page 868 which dates back to 1990.<ref name="ibm">[ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CS01248.pdf "IBM 868 code page"]</ref> Other early code pages which represented Urdu alphabets were [[Windows-1256]] and [[MacArabic encoding]] both of which date back to the mid-1990s. In [[Unicode]], Urdu is represented inside the Arabic block. Another code page for Urdu, which is used in India, is [[Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange]]. In Pakistan, the 8-bit code page which is developed by [[National Language Authority]] is called Urdu Zabta Takhti ({{Nastaliq|اردو ضابطہ تختی}}) (UZT)<ref name="uzt">{{cite web|url=http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf|title=Urdu Zabta Takhti}}</ref> which represents Urdu in its most complete form including some of its specialized diacritics, though UZT is not designed to coexist with the Latin alphabet.

=== Encoding Urdu in Unicode ===
{{anchor|Unicode}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"
|+ Confusable glyphs in Urdu and Arabic script
|-
! Characters in Urdu
! Characters in Arabic
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ہ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ہ|(U+06C1)]] <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ھ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ھ|(U+06BE)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ه}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ه|(U+0647)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ی}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ی|(U+06CC)]]
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ى}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ى|(U+0649)]] <big>{{lang|ar|ي}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ي|(U+064A)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ک}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ک|(U+06A9)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ك}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ك|(U+0643)]]
|-
|}

Like other writing systems derived from the Arabic script, Urdu uses the 0600–06FF Unicode range.<ref name="unicode600table">{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf | title=Arabic | publisher=unicode.org | access-date=7 April 2019 }}</ref> Certain glyphs in this range appear visually similar (or identical when presented using particular fonts) even though the underlying encoding is different. This presents problems for information storage and retrieval. For example, the [[University of Chicago]]'s electronic copy of John Shakespear's "A Dictionary, Hindustani, and English"<ref name="shakespearDictionary">{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> includes the word '{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}' (''bhārat'' "India"). Searching for the string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بھارت}}}}" returns no results, whereas querying with the (identical-looking in many fonts) string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}" returns the correct entry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215020523/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> This is because the medial form of the Urdu letter ''do chashmi he'' (U+06BE)—used to form aspirate digraphs in Urdu—is visually identical in its medial form to the Arabic letter [[ه|hāʾ]] (U+0647; phonetic value {{IPA|/h/}}). In Urdu, the {{IPA|/h/}} phoneme is represented by the character U+06C1, called ''gol he'' (round ''he''), or ''chhoti he'' (small ''he'').

In 2003, the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)<ref name="crulp">{{cite web|url=http://www.crulp.org/ |title=Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing |publisher=Crulp.org |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>—a research organisation affiliated with Pakistan's [[National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences]]—produced a proposal for mapping from the 1-byte [[Urdu keyboard#Fourth generation|UZT]] encoding of Urdu characters to the Unicode standard.<ref name="uztunicode">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tremu.gov.pk/tremu1/workingroups/pdfpresentations/UZT%20UNICODE%20MAPPING.pdf |date=* }}</ref> This proposal suggests a preferred Unicode glyph for each character in the Urdu alphabet.

{{-}}

=== Software ===
The ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to be typeset digitally in ''Nasta{{okina}}liq'' by computer. There are efforts underway to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and on the Internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals and periodicals are composed on computers via various Urdu software programmes, the most widespread of which is [[InPage]] Desktop Publishing package. [[Microsoft]] has included Urdu language support in all new versions of Windows and both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Microsoft Office 2007]] are available in Urdu through [[Language Interface Pack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/Browse.aspx?displaylang=ur&productID=38DF6AB1-13D4-409C-966D-CBE61F040027 |title=مائِیکروسافٹ ڈاؤُن لوڈ مَرکَزWindows |publisher=Microsoft.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> support. Most Linux Desktop distributions allow the easy installation of Urdu support and translations as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aasims.wordpress.com/tag/ubuntu-in-urdu/ |title=Ubuntu in Urdu « Aasim's Web Corner |publisher=Aasims.wordpress.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] implemented the Urdu language keyboard across [[Mobile device]]s in its [[iOS 8]] update in September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/776214/e-urdu-how-one-mans-plea-for-nastaleeq-was-heard-by-apple/|title=E-Urdu: How one man's plea for Nastaleeq was heard by Apple|date=16 October 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

== Romanization standards and systems ==
{{main|Roman Urdu}}
There are several romanization standards for writing Urdu with the Latin alphabet, though they are not very popular because most fall short of representing the Urdu language properly. Instead of standard romanization schemes, people on Internet, mobile phones and media often use a non-standard form of romanization which tries to mimic [[English Orthography|English orthography]]. The problem with this kind of romanization is that it can only be read by native speakers, and even for them with great difficulty. Among standardized romanization schemes, the most accurate is [[ALA-LC romanization]], which is also supported by National Language Authority. Other romanization schemes are often rejected because either they are unable to represent sounds in Urdu properly, or they often do not take regard of Urdu orthography, and favor pronunciation over orthography.<ref name="roman">{{cite web|url=http://nlpd.gov.pk/uakhbareurdu/august2011/8.html|title=اردو میں نقل حرفی ۔ ایک ابتدائی تعارف : نبلٰی پیرزادہ|website=nlpd.gov.pk}}</ref>

The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and [[North India]]. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in present-day Pakistan and [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]] in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. Thus Roman Urdu was a common way of writing among Pakistani and Indian Christians in these areas up to the 1960s. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman [[Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu|Urdū Bibles]] that enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, the usage of Roman Urdu is declining with the wider use of Hindi and English in these states.

== Glossary of key words from letter names ==
{{anchor|Glossary|Key words|Words from letter names}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ class=nowrap style=text-align:center| Translations and other uses of key words from Urdu letter names
|-
! colspan=3 | Letter name(s)
! colspan=4 | Urdu word
! colspan=3 | Examples of other uses
|-
! style=width:10% | Isolated form
! [[Urdu]] name
! [[Roman Urdu]]
! [[Urdu]]
! class="unsortable" | [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! [[Roman Urdu]] name
! class="unsortable" | English Translation
! Urdu
! [[Roman Urdu]] or [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! class="unsortable" | Translation
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ح|ح]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }}
| baṛī ħē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| بَڑی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| bəɽi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | baṛī / bari
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | big / elder<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: بڑی آنت|بڑی آنت]]}}
| ''Baṛi ant''
| [[large intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ے|ے]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی يـے }}
| baṛī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنت|آنت]]}}
| rowspan=2 |''Ant''
| rowspan=2 | [[intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ی|ی]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی یے }}
| čhōṭī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tʃʰoːʈi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | choti
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%;" | small / minor / junior<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ہ|ہ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| چھوٹی ہے }}
| čhōṭī hē
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: چھوٹی آنت|چھوٹی آنت]]}}
| 
| [[small intestine]]
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }}
| gōl hē
| {{lang|ur| گول }}
| {{ipa| goːl }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| gōl
| style="font-size:90%" | round / spherical / vague / silly / obese<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries (Urdu to English Translation) | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/ | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: گول گپے|گول گپے]]}}
| ''gol gappay''
| [[panipuri]]
|-
| rowspan=4 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ھ|ھ]]}}
| rowspan=4  | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }}
| rowspan=4  | dō-čašmī hē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| }}
| rowspan=2 | do-cashmī
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | two-eyed {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو چشمی دوربین|دو چشمی دوربین]]}}
| ''do-cashmi''
''dorabīn''
| [[binoculars]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دوربین|دوربین]]}}
| ''dorabīn''
| [[telescope]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| دو }}
|
| do
| style="font-size:90%" | 2 / two
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو ایوانیت|دو ایوانیت]]}}
| ''do ayvanīt''
| [[bicameralism]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| چشم }}
| {{ipa| /tʃəʃm/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries/>
| chashm
| style="font-size:90%" | the eye / hope / expectation<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنکھ|چشم]]}}
| ''cashm''
| [[eye]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ں|ں]]}}
| {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }}
| nūn-e ğunnah
| {{lang|ur| غُنّہ }}
| {{ipa| ɣʊnnɑ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| ğunnah{{nbsp}}/ g͟hunnah
| style="font-size:90%" | nasal sound or twang<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| الِف مَدّه }}
| alif maddah
| {{lang|ur| مَدّه }}
|
| maddah
| style="font-size:90%" | [[Arabic]]:
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}
| vāv-e mahmūz
| {{lang|ur| مَہْمُوز }}
| {{ipa|mæhmuːz}}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| mahmūz
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%" | defective / improper<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|- 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="font-size:75%" | {{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur| ء ا آ ب پ ت ٹ ث ب ج چ خ ح د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ں و ہ ھ ی ے }} }}
| rowspan=3 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: حروف تہجی|حروف تہجی]]}} <ref>{{cite web | title=خلا سے زمین پر انگریزی کےحروف تہجی |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/multimedia/2016/01/160105_nasa_abc_space_pics_zz.amp |website=BBC News اردو |access-date=7 May 2020 |language=ur |date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 | harūf tahajī  ([[alphabet]])
| {{lang|ur| تہجی }}
| {{ipa| }}
| tahajī
| style="font-size:90%" | sequence {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حُرُوف }}
| {{ipa| /hʊruːf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harūf
| style="font-size:85%" | letters (plural)<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018132435/https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2016 | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> (often referred to as "alphabets" in informal Pakistani English) 
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حَرْف }}
| {{ipa| /hərf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harf
| style="font-size:85%" | "letter of the alphabet" / handwriting / statement / blame / stigma<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʻliq script]]
* [[Romanization of Urdu]]
* [[Urdu Braille]]
* [[Urdu Informatics]]
* [[Urdu keyboard]]
* [[Urdu Wikipedia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Beginner's Urdu Script|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007141987X}}
* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Read and write Urdu script|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780071747462|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFrFSAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Urdu romanization|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf|publisher=The Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ishida|first1=Richard|title=Urdu script notes|url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/urdu}}

== External links ==

{{Wikibooks|Urdu}}
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu alphabet]
* [http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html Urdu alphabet with Devanagari equivalents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html |date=11 September 2019 }}
* [http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html Hugo's Urdu Alphabet Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035347/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html |date=16 July 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ calligraphyislamic.com], a resource for Urdu calligraphy and script
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/ Urdu Script Introduction from Columbia University]
* [http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181655/http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html |date=6 March 2018 }}

{{Urdu topics}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Hindustani orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]
[[Category:Officially used writing systems of India]]

Urdu alphabet

2026-07-26T11:24:56Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Perso-Arabic-based alphabet used for Urdu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox writing system
|name=Urdu Alphabet
|altname={{font|size=130%|{{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur|اُردُو‌ حُرُوفِ ‌تَہَجِّی}}}}}} उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी
|type=Abjad
|languages=[[Urdu]], [[Balti language|Balti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balti alphabet and pronunciation |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/balti.htm |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref> [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Shina language|Shina]], infrequent use in [[Burushaski]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir |author1-link=Elena Bashir| first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref> others
|region=
* {{IND}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{SAF}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|website=www.gov.za|access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>
|sample=Urdu example.svg
|imagesize=120px
|caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu''
|time=
|fam1=[[Proto-Sinaitic alphabet|Proto-Sinaitic]]
|fam2=[[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]]
|fam3=[[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]]
|fam4=[[Nabataean alphabet|Nabataean]]
|fam5=[[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
|fam6=[[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
|unicode=[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf U+0600 to U+06FF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0750.pdf U+0750 to U+077F] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf U+FB50 to U+FDFF] 
[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFE70.pdf U+FE70 to U+FEFF]
}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}

{{Arabic script sidebar|Urdu}}
{{Writing systems worldwide}}
{{Officially used writing systems in India}}

The '''Urdu alphabet''' ({{Lang-ur|{{uninastaliq|اردو حروفِ تہجی}}|translit=urdū harūf-e-tahajjī|label=}} ''उर्दू हरूफ़-ए-तहज्जी''{{spaces|1}}), is the [[right-to-left]] [[alphabet]] used for [[Urdu]]. It is a modification of the [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39<ref name="book: project fluency" >{{cite book |last1=Project Fluency |title=Urdu: The Complete Urdu Learning Course for Beginners: Start Speaking Basic Urdu Immediately |page=Kindle Locations 66–67 |edition=Kindle |isbn=978-1539047803 |date=7 October 2016 }}</ref> or 40<ref name="omniglot.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm |title=Urdu |website=Omniglot}}</ref> distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the [[calligraphic]] [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʿlīq script]], whereas [[Arabic]] is more commonly written in the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the [[Latin script|Latin alphabet]] (called [[Roman Urdu]]) omit many [[phoneme|phonemic]] elements that have no equivalent in [[English language|English]] or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.

== History ==

The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the [[Perso-Arabic script]] and has its origins in 13th century [[Iran]]. It is closely related to the development of the [[Nasta{{Okina}}liq]] style of Perso-Arabic script.

Despite the invention of the [[Urdu keyboard|Urdu typewriter]] in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''[[katib]]s'' or ''[[khush-navees]]'' until the late 1980s. The [[Pakistan]]i [[national newspaper]] ''[[Daily Jang]]'' was the first Urdu [[newspaper]] to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the [[internet]]. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs.

Other than the [[Indian subcontinent]], the Urdu script is also used by [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistan's large diaspora]], including in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and other places.<ref name="omniglot.com"/>

== Nastaliq ==
[[File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Example showing Nastaliq's (Persian) proportion rules.{{cn|date=November 2022}}]]
{{Main|Nastaliq}}

Urdu is written in the [[Nastaliq]] style ({{lang-fa|{{uninastaliq|نستعلیق}}}} Nastaʿlīq). The Nastaliq calligraphic writing style began as a [[Persian alphabet|Persian]] mixture of the [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] and [[Ta'liq script|Ta'liq]] scripts. After the [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Mughal conquest]], Nasta{{Okina}}liq became the preferred writing style for Urdu. It is the dominant style in Pakistan and many Urdu writers elsewhere in the world use it. Nastaʿlīq is more cursive and flowing than its Naskh counterpart.

In the [[Arabic alphabet]], and many others derived from it, letters are regarded as having two or three general forms each, based on their position in the word (though [[Arabic calligraphy]] can add a great deal of complexity). But the Nastaliq style in which Urdu is written uses more than three general forms for many letters, even in simple non-decorative documents.<ref>{{cite book |title=Urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/index.html |chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/graphics/naimchart.gif |chapter=*positional chart* |via=www.columbia.edu |access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref>

== Alphabet ==
The Urdu script is an [[abjad]] script derived from the modern [[Persian alphabet|Persian script]], which is itself a derivative of the [[Arabic script]]. As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in [[Semitic languages]] like Arabic and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an [[Indo-European language]], which requires more precision in vowel sound pronunciation, hence necessitating more memorisation. The number of letters in the Urdu alphabet is somewhat ambiguous and debated.<ref name="Dawn Newspaper">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/919270|title=Controversy over number of letters in Urdu alphabet|date=15 June 2009|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

{{-}}

=== Letter names and phonemes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Name{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=XV–XVI}}
! colspan="4" | Forms
! rowspan=2 | [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! colspan=2 | [[Roman Urdu|Romanization]]
! rowspan=2 | [[Arabic script in Unicode|Unicode]]
! colspan=3 | Order
|-
! Urdu [[Roman Urdu]]
! Isolated
! Final
! Medial
! Initial
! style="white-space:nowrap;" | ALA-LC<ref name="LoC">{{cite web | title=Urdu romanization | url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf | publisher=The Library of Congress }}</ref>
! [[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]<ref name="Hunterian">Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85.pdf No. 85] and [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/18th-gegn-docs/18th_gegn_WP85-ad1.pdf No. 85 Add. 1.]</ref>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| dictionary order<ref name="Colloquial Urdu - order">{{cite book |last1=Bhatia |first1=Tej K. |last2=Khoul |first2=Ashok |last3=Koul |first3=Ashok |title=Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30471-5 |pages=41–42 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=VsVzCgAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PT40 |access-date=30 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> }}
! style="font-size:110%;" | <ref name="user.uni-hannover"/>
! style="font-size:110%;" | {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= The far right column was the numbering in the old version of this wiki article. But the Urdu alphabet is very rarely shown with numbering, and the only time I've seen it numbered the order was different to this. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| الف }}}} ''alif''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ا]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـا }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /ʔ/, ''silent''}}{{efn-ua| At the beginning of a word it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for examble {{lang|ur| اُردو }} ''"Urdu"''. But the diacritic indicating which vowel is often omitted {{lang|ur| اردو }} like other short vowel diacritcs. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ā'', –
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ā'', –
| [[:wiktionary: ا|U+0627]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بے }}}} ''bē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ب]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـب }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـبـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /b/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''b''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''b''
| [[:wiktionary: ب|U+0628]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پے }}}} ''pē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[پ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـپـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| پـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /p/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''p''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''p''
| [[:wiktionary: پ|U+067E]]
| 3
| 3
| 3
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تے }}}} ''tē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ت]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـت }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـتـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| تـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''t''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]]
| 4
| 4
| 4
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹے }}}} ''ṭē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ٹ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـٹـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ٹـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʈ/ }}
| ''ṭ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ٹ|U+0679]]
| 5
| 5
| 5
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثے }}}} ''s̱ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ث]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـث }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـثـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ثـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''s̱''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ث|U+062B]]
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جيم }}}} ''jīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ج]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـج }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـجـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| جـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d͡ʒ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''j''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''j''
| [[:wiktionary: ج|U+062C]]
| 7
| 7
| 7
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چے }}}} ''cē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[چ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـچـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t͡ʃ/ }}
| ''c''
| ''ch''
| [[:wiktionary: چ|U+0686]]
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی حے }}}} ''baṛī ḥē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ح]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـح }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـحـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| حـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/ }}
| rowspan=2 | ''ḥ''
| rowspan=2 | ''h''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ح|U+062D]]
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | 9
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq|ہٹی حے}}}} ''hutti ḥē''
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خے }}}} ''k͟hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[خ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـخـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| خـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /x/ }}
| ''k͟h''
| ''kh''
| [[:wiktionary: خ|U+062E]]
| 10
| 10
| 10
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دال }}}} ''dāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[د]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـد }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /d/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''d''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: د|U+062F]]
| 11
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڈال }}}} ''ḍāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڈ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڈ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɖ/ }}
| ''ḍ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''d''
| [[:wiktionary: ڈ|U+0688]]
| 12
| 12
| 12
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ذال }}}} ''ẕāl''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ذ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـذ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẕ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ذ|U+0630]]
| 13
| 13
| 13
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| رے }}}} ''rē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ر]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـر }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /r/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''r''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ر|U+0631]]
| 14
| 14
| 14
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ڑے }}}} ''ṛē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ڑ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـڑ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɽ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṛ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''r''
| [[:wiktionary: ڑ|U+0691]]
| 15
| 15
| 15
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| زے }}}} ''zē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ز]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـز }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''z''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ز|U+0632]]
| 16
| 16
| 16
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ژے }}}} ''zhē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ژ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـژ }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʒ/ }} {{efn-ua| Used mainly for [[Persian language|Persian]] loanwords. }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''zh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''zh''
| [[:wiktionary: ژ|U+0698]]
| 17
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سین }}}} ''sīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[س]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـس }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـسـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| سـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''s''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: س|U+0633]]
| 18
| 18
| 18
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شین }}}} ''shīn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ش]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـش }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـشـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| شـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʃ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''sh''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''sh''
| [[:wiktionary: ش|U+0634]]
| 19
| 19
| 19
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صاد }}}} ''ṣwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ص]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـص }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـصـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| صـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /s/ }}
| ''ṣ''
| ''s''
| [[:wiktionary: ص|U+0635]]
| 20
| 20
| 20
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضاد }}}} ''ẓwād''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ض]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـض }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـضـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ضـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''ẓ''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ض|U+0636]]
| 21
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طوے }}}} ''t̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ط]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـط }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـطـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| طـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /t/ }}
| ''t̤''
| ''t''
| [[:wiktionary: ط|U+0637]]
| 22
| 22
| 22
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظوے }}}} ''z̤o{{hamza}}ē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ظ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـظـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ظـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /z/ }}
| ''z̤''
| ''z''
| [[:wiktionary: ظ|U+0638]]
| 23
| 23
| 23
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عین }}}} ''{{okina}}ain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ع]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـع }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـعـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| عـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɑː/, /oː/, /eː/, /ʔ/, /ʕ/, ''silent'' }}
| style="border-right:none;" | {{okina}}
| style="border-left:none;" | {{okina}} {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| [[:wiktionary: ع|U+0639]]
| 24
| 24
| 24
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غین }}}} ''g͟hain''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[غ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـغـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| غـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɣ/ }}
| ''g͟h''
| ''gh''
| [[:wiktionary: غ|U+063A]]
| 25
| 25
| 25
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فے }}}} ''fē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ف]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـف }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـفـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| فـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /f/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''f''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''f''
| [[:wiktionary: ف|U+0641]]
| 26
| 26
| 26
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قاف }}}} ''qāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ق]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـق }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـقـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| قـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /q/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''q''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''q''
| [[:wiktionary: ق|U+0642]]
| 27
| 27
| 27
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کاف }}}} ''kāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[Kāf|ک]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـک }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـکـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| کـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /k/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''k''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''k''
| [[:wiktionary: ک|U+06A9]]
| 28
| 28
| 28
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گاف }}}} ''gāf''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[گ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـگـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| گـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɡ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''g''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''g''
| [[:wiktionary: گ|U+06AF]]
| 29
| 29
| 29
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لام }}}} ''lām''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ل]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـل }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـلـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| لـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /l/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''l''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''l''
| [[:wiktionary: ل|U+0644]]
| 30
| 30
| 30
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| میم }}}} ''mīm''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[م]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـم }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـمـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| مـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /m/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''m''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''m''
| [[:wiktionary: م|U+0645]]
| 31
| 31
| 31
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون }}}} ''nūn''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ن]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـن }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـنـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /n/, /ɲ/, /ɳ/, /ŋ/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''n''
| style="border-left:none;border-bottom:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ن|U+0646]]
| 32
| 32
| 32
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| نون غنّہ }}}} ''nūn g͟hunnā''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ں]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|٘]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـں }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـںـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ںـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| / [[Nasal vowel|◌̃]] / }}  {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| ''ṉ''
| style="border-top:none;" | ''n''
| [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] {{efn-ua| The version shown on the left is [[:wiktionary: ں|U+06BA]] , which is used only at the end of words. When it is used in the middle of a word it is a diacritic [[:wiktionary: ٘|U+0658]] , which is usually omitted (see [[#Diacritics|below]] for further information on [[#Diacritics|diacritic omission]] in Urdu).}}
| {{efn-ua| Not present in dictionary order because it is not used at the beginning of words. }}
| 32a
| 33
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| واؤ }}}} ''wā{{hamza}}o''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[و]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـو }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /[[ʋ ]]/, /u[[ː]]/, /[[ʊ ]]/, /o [[ː ]]/, /[[ɔː ]]/ }}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''v'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | ''w'', ''ū'', ''u'', ''o'', ''au''
| [[:wiktionary: و|U+0648]]
| 33
| 33
| 34
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہے }}}} ''hē''
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ہ]] }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـہـ }}}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɦ/, /ɑː/, /eː/ }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | ''h'', ''ā'', ''e''
| rowspan=2 | [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] {{efn-ua| Sometimes ''choṭī hē'' is used to refer to ''hey'' but ''choṭī hē'' can also refer to the Arabic / Persian variant, a stylistic variation representing an equivalent letter, but Persian and Arabic usually use [[:wiktionary: ه|U+0647]] whereas Urdu uses [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] for ''gōl hey''.<ref name="user.uni-hannover"/> See also: [[#Unicode|Urdu in Unicode]]. }}
| rowspan=2 | 34
| 34
| rowspan=2 | 35
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| چھوٹی ہے }}}} ''choṭī hē''
| 34a
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| دو چشمی ہے }}}} ''do-cashmī hē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ھ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـھـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ھـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʰ/ }} or {{IPA| /ʱ/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins}}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''h''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''h''
| [[:wiktionary: ھ|U+06BE]]
| 35
| 34b
| 36
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یے }}}} ''yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ی]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـی }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـیـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| یـ }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /j/, /iː/, /ɑː/ }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''y'', ''ī'', ''á''
| [[:wiktionary: ی|U+06CC]]
| 36
| 35
| 38
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| بڑی یے }}}} ''baṛī yē''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ے]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـے }}}}
|
|
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ɛː/, /eː/ }} {{efn-ua|name=never_begins| }}
| style="border-right:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| style="border-left:none;" | ''ai'', ''e''
| [[:wiktionary: ے|U+06D2]]
| 37
| 35b
| 39
|-
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}} ''hamzah''
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]] }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ـئـ }}}}
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| ئـ }}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{IPA| /ʔ/ }} or ''silent'' {{efn-ua|name=hamzah }}
| rowspan=2 style="border-right:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| rowspan=2 style="border-left:none;" | {{hamza}}, –, ''yi''
| [[:wiktionary: ئ|U+0626]]
| rowspan=2 |
| 35a
| rowspan=2 | 37 {{efn-ua| {{citation needed |reason= Hamzah is more often listed first or last, i can find no source for it being number 37. |date=June 2020}} }}
|-
| style="font-size:160%;" | {{lang|ur|{{Uninastaliq| [[ء]] }}}}
|
|
|
| [[:wiktionary: ء|U+0621]]
| 0
|}
:'''Footnotes:'''
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=hamzah| '''Hamzah:''' In [[Urdu]] , ''[[hamzah ]]'' is silent in all its forms except for when it is used as ''hamzah-e-izafat''. The main use of ''hamzah'' in [[Urdu]] is to indicate a vowel cluster.}}
{{efn-ua|name=never_begins| No Urdu word begins with {{lang|ur| ں }}, {{lang|ur| ھ }}, {{lang|ur| ڑ }}, or {{lang|ur| ے }}.{{citation needed| date=May 2020 }} }}
}}

=== Additional characters and variations ===

==== Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah ====
{{anchor|ۃ|ة}}
Tāʼ marbūṭah is also sometimes considered the 40th letter of the Urdu alphabet, though it is rarely used except for in certain loan words from Arabic. Tāʼ marbūṭah is regarded as a form of tā, the Arabic version of Urdu tē, But it is not pronounced as such, and when replaced with an Urdu letter in naturalised loan words it is usually replaced with Gol hē.

==== Table ====
{| class='wikitable sortable' style="text-align:center;"
|+ Table of additional characters and variations
|-
! rowspan=2 | Group
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Letter {{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms}}
! colspan=3 | Name (see: [[#Glossary of key words from letter names|Glossary of key words]])
! rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Unicode <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic">{{cite web |title=Extended Arabic Letter | url=https://unicode.org/  | website=unicode.org | access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref><ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6">{{cite web | title=Based on ISO 8859-6 | url=https://unicode.org  | website=unicode.org |access-date= 6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nastaliq]] {{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char}}
! [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] with diacritics
! Roman Urdu or English <ref name="book: project fluency"/><ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
|-
| [[Arabic alphabet#Alif|Alif]]
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| الف مدہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| الِف مَدّه }}}} <ref name="user.uni-hannover" />
| ''alif maddah'' <ref name=user.uni-hannover/>{{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza| Most vowel diacritics are omitted in most Urdu writing, but Urdu writing usually does distinguish alif mad, and include hamza over bari ye, gol he, and wow. For example, alif mad and bare alif in {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آزادی|آزادی]]}} - [[:wiktionary: آزادی|"āzādī"]], {{ipa|ɑ:zɑ:d̪i}}, freedom <ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries /> - are distinguished in most contexts. }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0622 ''alef with madda above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|- 
| rowspan=8 | ''[[Hamza]]'' {{efn-ua| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ء|ء]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0621 ''[[hamza]]'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| hamza on the line
|- 
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ٔ|ٔ]]}}}} 
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ــٔـ|ــٔـ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| ''hamza diacritic'' {{efn-ua|name=mad_hamza}}{{efn-ua|name=Naskh_2| See: [[#Hamzah in Nastaliq|Hamzah in Nastaliq.]] }}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0654 ''Hamza Above''
|- 
| rowspan=2 style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ئ|ئ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ہمزہ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| ہَمْزه }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''[[hamzah]]''
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0626 ''yeh with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''yē hamza'' / ''alif hamza''
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۓ|ۓ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | ''baṛī yē hamza''
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06D3 ''yeh barree with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-
| style=font-size:140%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:120%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninaskh| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}}} <ref name=user.uni-hannover />
| ''vāv-e mahmūz'' <ref name="user.uni-hannover" >{{cite web | title=Urdu Alphabet | url=http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | website=www.user.uni-hannover.de | access-date=29 February 2020 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0624 ''waw with hamza above'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|‍ۂ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۂ|ۂ ـۂ]]}}}}
| style=font-size:120%; | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| ___ }}}}
| {{lang|ur|___}}
|
| style="text-align:left;" | U+06C2 ''heh goal with hamza above'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/> or [[:wiktionary: ہ|U+06C1]] + [[:wiktionary: ٔ|U+0654]]
|-

|-
| rowspan=3 | Arabic {{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta}}
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ]]}}}} {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|‍ۃ]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ۃ|ۃ ـۃ]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="'white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ة|تاء مربوطة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 | {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَرْبُوطَة]]}}}}
| rowspan=2 style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ marbūṭah'']] "bound ta"
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+06C3 ''teh marbuta goal'' <ref name="Unicode Extended Arabic"/>
|-

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة]]}}}} {{lang|ar|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ة|‍ة]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ة|ة ـة]]}}}}
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | U+0629 ''teh marbuta'' <ref name="unicode ISO 8859-6"/>
|-

|- 
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:140%;" | {{lang|ur|{{uninastaliq| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style="font-size:130%;white-space:nowrap;" | {{lang|ar|{{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: ت|ت]]}}}}
| style=white-space:nowrap; | {{lang-ar| {{uninastaliq| [[:ar: ت|تاء مفتوحة]]}}}}
| {{lang-ar| {{uninaskh| [[:wiktionary: تاء مربوطة|تَاء مَفْتُوحَة]]}}}} 
| style=white-space:nowrap; | [[Taw#Tāʼ marbūṭah|''tāʼ maftūḥah '']] "open ta" 
| style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;" | [[:wiktionary: ت|U+062A]] ''Teh''
|-

|-
|}

::Footnotes:
{{notelist-ua|refs=
{{efn-ua|name=U_A_forms|Left: Urdu [[Nastaliq]]. Right: Arabic [[Naskh (script)|Naskh]] or modern style. }}
{{efn-ua|name=fonts_add_char|The [[Nastaliq]] text will display in a different style if there is not an appropriate font installed on the machine.}}
{{efn-ua|name=arabic_ta_marbuta|see: [[# ة|Arabic Tāʼ marbūṭah]] above.}}
}}

==== Hamza in Nastaliq ====
{{anchor| ء in Nastaliq | Hamzah in Nastaliq | Hamza in Nastaliq }}
Hamza can be difficult to recognise in Urdu handwriting and fonts designed to replicate it, closely resembling two dots above as featured in {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ت]]}}}} Té and {{lang|ur|{{font|size=100%|[[ق]]}}}} Qaf, whereas in Arabic and Geometric fonts it is more distinct and closely resembles the western form of the numeral [[2]] (two).

=== Digraphs ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ The [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] of [[aspirated consonant]]s are as follows.
|-
| No.
| '''Digraph'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''Transcription'''<ref name="LoC"/>
| '''IPA'''
| Example
|-
| 1
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|بھ}}
| ''bh''
| {{IPA|[bʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|بھاری}}
|-
| 2
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|پھ}}
| ''ph''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|پھول}}
|-
| 3
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|تھ}}
| ''th''
| {{IPA|[tʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تھم}}
|-
| 4
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ٹھ}}
| ''ṭh''
| {{IPA|[ʈʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ٹھنڈا}}
|-
| 5
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|جھ}}
| ''jh''
| {{IPA|[d͡ʒʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|جھاڑی}}
|-
| 6
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|چھ}}
| ''ch''
| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|چھتری}}
|-
| 7
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|دھ}}
| ''dh''
| {{IPA|[dʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دھوبی}}
|-
| 8
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڈھ}}
| ''ḍh''
| {{IPA|[ɖʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ڈھول}}
|-
| 9
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|رھ}}
| ''rh''
| {{IPA|[rʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تیرھواں}}
|-
| 10
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ڑھ}}
| ''ṛh''
| {{IPA|[ɽʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|اڑھائی}}
|-
| 11
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|کھ}}
| ''kh''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|کھانسی}}
|-
| 12
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|گھ}}
| ''gh''
| {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|گھوڑا}}
|-
| 13
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|لھ}}
| ''lh''
| {{IPA|[lʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|دولھا}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|دُلہا}})
|-
| 14
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مھ}}
| ''mh''
| {{IPA|[mʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|تمھیں}} (alternative of {{Nastaliq|تمہیں}})
|-
| 15
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|نھ}}
| ''nh''
| {{IPA|[nʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|ننھا}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|-
| 16
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|وھ}}
| ''wh''
| {{IPA|[ʋʱ]}}
| {{Nastaliq|وھاب}} (though arguably just a consonant cluster)
|- وھاب
| 17
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|یھ}}
| ''yh''
| {{IPA|[jʱ]}}
| {{example needed|date=May 2020}}
|}

=== Differences from [[Persian alphabet]] ===

Urdu has more letters added to the Perso-Arabic base to represent sounds not present in Persian, which already has additional letters added to the Arabic base itself to represent sounds not present in Arabic. The letters added are shown in the table below:

{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers"
! Letter !! IPA
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ٹ]]}}}} || [[voiceless retroflex stop|/ʈ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڈ]]}}}} || [[voiced retroflex stop|/ɖ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ڑ]]}}}} || [[retroflex flap|/ɽ/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ں]]}}}} || [[nasal vowel|/◌̃/]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|[[ے]]}}}} || [[open-mid front unrounded vowel|/ɛ:/]] or [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|/e:/]].
|}

A separate do-chashmi-[[He (letter)|he]] letter, {{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}}}, exists to denote a [[aspirated consonant|/ʰ/]] or a [[murmured voice|/ʱ/]]. This letter is mainly used as part of the multitude of digraphs, detailed in above sub-section. In addition to these letters, [[Shahmukhi]] adds 2 consonants on top of Urdu alphabet to write [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] further adds 4 more consonants.

=== Retroflex letters ===
[[File:Hindustani Urdu retroflex letter T.svg|right|200px]]
[[Old Hindi|Old]] [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] used four dots {{lang|ur| ٿ ڐ ڙ }} over three Arabic letters {{lang|ar| ت د ر }} to represent retroflex consonants.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ballantyne|first=James Robert|title=A Grammar of the Hindustani Language, with Brief Notices of the Braj and Dakhani Dialects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zalHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA11|year=1842|publisher=Madden & Company|page=11}}</ref> In handwriting those dots were often written as a small vertical line attached to a small triangle. Subsequently, this shape became identical to a small letter {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}} ''t̤oʼē''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Berggren|first=Olaf|title=Scripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBDnAAAAMAAJ&q=hindustani+four+dots|year=2002|publisher=Bibliotheca Alexandrina|page=108}}</ref> It is commonly and erroneously assumed that ''ṭāʾ'' itself was used to indicate retroflex consonants because of it being an emphatic alveolar consonant that Arabic scribes thought approximated the Hindustani retroflexes.{{citation needed| reason = assumed by who, give examples. |date=November 2020}} In modern Urdu {{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|[[ط]]}}}}, called ''to'e'' is always pronounced as a [[dental consonant|dental]], not a [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]].{{citation needed| reason = but the scribes coming up with this were not speaking modern Urdu, so this is irrelevant. Look at the etymology of "tomato", in Urdu, Arabic, Portuguese, and a Brazilian Portuguese. Firstly Arabic uses ط while Urdu uses ٹ and secondly, in a very short time the pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese has shifted to a "ch". |date=November 2020}}

== Vowels ==
The Urdu language has ten vowels and ten nasalized vowels. Each vowel has four forms depending on its position: initial, middle, final and isolated. Like in its parent Arabic alphabet, Urdu vowels are represented using a combination of digraphs and diacritics. [[Aleph|Alif]], [[Waw (letter)|Waw]], [[Yodh|Ye]], [[He (letter)|He]] and their variants are used to represent vowels.

=== Vowel chart ===

Urdu does not have standalone vowel letters. Short vowels (''a'', ''i'', ''u'') are represented by optional diacritics (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh'') upon the preceding consonant or a placeholder consonant (''alif'', ''ain'', or ''hamzah'') if the syllable begins with the vowel, and long vowels by consonants ''alif'', ''ain'', ''ye'', and ''wa'o'' as matres lectionis, with disambiguating diacritics, some of which are optional (''zabar'', ''zer'', ''pesh''), whereas some are not (''madd'', ''hamzah''). Urdu does not have short vowels at the end of words. This is a table of Urdu vowels:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
![[Romanization]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
!Final
!Middle
!Initial
|-
|a
| {{IPA|/ə/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَ}}
|-
|ā
| {{IPA|/aː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا، ـَی، ـَہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَا}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|آ}}
|-
|i
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِ}}
|-
|ī
| {{IPA|/iː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِى}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـِیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اِی}}
|-
|e
| {{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اے}}
|-
|ai
| {{IPA|/ɛː/}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَے‬}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَیـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَے}}
|-
|u
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|N/A
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُ}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُ}}
|-
|ū
| {{IPA|/uː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـُو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اُو}}
|-
|-
|o
| {{IPA|/oː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|او}}
|-
|au
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}}
| colspan=2 style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ـَو}}
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|اَو}}
|}

=== ''Alif'' ===

''Alif'' is the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, and it is used exclusively as a vowel. At the beginning of a word, ''alif'' can be used to represent any of the short vowels: {{Nastaliq|اب}} ''ab'', {{Nastaliq|اسم}} ''ism'', {{Nastaliq|اردو}} ''Urdū''. For long ''ā'' at the beginning of words alif-mad is used: {{Nastaliq|آپ}} ''āp'', but a plain alif in the middle and at the end: {{Nastaliq|بھاگنا}} ''bhāgnā''.

=== ''Wāʾo'' ===

''Wāʾo'' is used to render the vowels "ū", "o", "u" and "au" ([uː], [oː], [ʊ] and [ɔː] respectively), and it is also used to render the [[labiodental approximant]], [ʋ]. Only when preceded by the consonant ''k͟hē ({{Nastaliq|خ}}''), can ''wāʾo'' render the "u" ([ʊ]) sound (such as in {{Nastaliq|خود}}, "''k͟hud''" - ''myself''), or not pronounced at all (such as in ''{{Nastaliq|خواب}}'', "''k͟haab''" - ''dream''). This is known as the [[Silent vav|silent ''wāʾo'']], and is only present in words loaned from Persian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Urdu Language Management |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Urdu/Urdu.html |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Language Information Services (LIS)-India}}</ref>

=== ''Ye'' ===

''Ye'' is divided into two variants: ''choṭī ye'' ("little ye") and ''[[baṛī ye]]'' ("big ye").

''Choṭī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}}) is written in all forms exactly as in Persian. It is used for the long vowel "ī" and the consonant "y".

''Baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) is used to render the vowels "e" and "ai" ({{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} respectively). ''Baṛī ye'' is distinguishable in writing from ''choṭī ye'' only when it comes at the end of a word/ligature. Additionally, ''Baṛī ye'' is never used to begin a word/ligature, unlike ''choṭī ye''.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|چھوٹی يے}} Choṭī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـی}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـیـ}}
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|یـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ی}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|بڑی يے}} Baṛī ye
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـے}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ے}}
|}

=== ''The 2 he's'' ===
''He'' is divided into two variants: ''[[gol he]]'' ("round he") and ''do-cašmi he'' ("two-eyed he").

''Gol he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) is written round and zigzagged, and can impart the "h" ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}) sound anywhere in a word. Additionally, at the end of a word, it can be used to render the long "a" or the "e" vowels ({{IPA|/ɑː/}} or {{IPA|/eː/}}), which also alters its form slightly (on modern digital writing systems, this final form is achieved by writing two ''he's'' consecutively).

''Do-cašmi he'' ({{Nastaliq|ھ}}) is written as in Arabic Naskh style (as a loop), in order to create the aspirate consonants and write Arabic words.

{| class="wikitable"
!Letter's name
!Final Form
!Middle Form
!Initial Form
!Isolated Form
|-
|{{Nastaliq|گول ہے}} Gol he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ہ}}
|-
|{{Nastaliq|دو چشمی ہے}} Do-cašmi he
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ـھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھـ}}
| style="font-size: 150%" align=center|{{Nastaliq|ھ}}
|}

=== ''Ayn'' ===
''Ayn'' in its initial and final position is silent in pronunciation and is replaced by the sound of its preceding or succeeding vowel.

=== ''Nun Ghunnah'' ===
[[Nasal vowel|Vowel nasalization]] is represented by ''nun ghunna'' written after their non-nasalized versions, for example: ''{{Nastaliq|ہَے}}'' when nasalized would become ''{{Nastaliq|ہَیں}}''. In middle form ''nun ghunna'' is written just like ''nun'' and is differentiated by a diacritic called {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} or ''ulta jazm'' which is a [[superscript]] V symbol above the {{Nastaliq|ن٘}}.

Examples:
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|'''Form'''
|'''Urdu'''
| '''Transcription'''
|-
|Orthography
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|ں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''ṉ''}}
|-
|End form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|میں}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''maiṉ''}}
|-
|Middle form
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{lang|ur|{{Nq|کن٘ول}}}}
| {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|''kaṉwal''}}
|}

== Diacritics ==
Urdu uses the same subset of diacritics used in [[Arabic diacritics|Arabic]] based on Persian conventions. Urdu also uses [[Perso-Arabic Script|Persian]] names of the diacritics instead of Arabic names. Commonly used diacritics are ''zabar'' (Arabic ''fatḥah''), ''zer'' (Arabic ''kasrah''), ''pesh'' (Arabic ''dammah'') which are used to clarify the pronunciation of vowels, as shown above. ''Jazam'' ({{Nastaliq|ـْـ}} , Arabic ''sukun'') is used to indicate a [[consonant cluster]] and ''tashdid'' ({{Nastaliq|ـّـ}}, Arabic ''shaddah'') is used to indicate a [[gemination]], although it is never used for verbs, which require double consonants to be spelled out separately. Other diacritics include ''khari zabar'' (Arabic ''dagger alif''), ''do zabar'' (Arabic ''fathatan'') which are found in some common [[Arabic]] loan words. Other Arabic diacritics are also sometimes used though very rarely in loan words from Arabic. ''Zer-e-izafat'' and ''hamzah-e-izafat'' are described in the next section.

Other than common diacritics, Urdu also has special diacritics, which are often found only in dictionaries for the clarification of irregular pronunciation. These diacritics include ''kasrah-e-majhool'', ''fathah-e-majhool'', ''dammah-e-majhool'', {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}}, ''ulta jazam'', ''alif-e-wavi'' and some other very rare diacritics. Among these, only {{Lang|ur-latn|maghnoona}} is used commonly in dictionaries and has a Unicode representation at U+0658. Other diacritics are only rarely written in printed form, mainly in some advanced dictionaries.<ref name="diacritics">{{cite web|url=http://www.cle.org.pk/clt09/download/Papers/Paper20.pdf|title=Proposal of Inclusion of Certain Characters in Unicode}}</ref>

== Iẓāfat ==
''Iẓāfat'' is a syntactical construction of two nouns, where the first component is a determined noun, and the second is a determiner. [[Ezāfe|This construction]] was borrowed from Persian. A short vowel "i" is used to connect these two words, and when pronouncing the newly formed word the short vowel is connected to the first word. If the first word ends in a consonant or an ''ʿain'' ({{Nastaliq|ع}}), it may be written as ''zer'' ({{Nastaliq|  ِ }}) at the end of the first word, but usually is not written at all. If the first word ends in ''choṭī he'' ({{Nastaliq|ہ}}) or ''ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ی}} or {{Nastaliq|ے}}) then ''hamzā'' ({{Nastaliq|ء}}) is used above the last letter ({{Nastaliq|ۂ}} or {{Nastaliq|ئ}} or {{Nastaliq|ۓ}}). If the first word ends in a long vowel ({{Nastaliq|ا}} or {{Nastaliq|و}}), then a different variation of ''baṛī ye'' ({{Nastaliq|ے}}) with ''hamzā'' on top ({{Nastaliq|ئے}}, obtained by adding {{Nastaliq|ے}} to {{Nastaliq|ئ}}) is added at the end of the first word.{{sfn|Delacy|2003|pp=99–100}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Forms||Example||Transliteration||Meaning
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ــِ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|شیرِ پنجاب}}||''sher-'''e'''-Panjāb''||the lion of Punjab
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۂ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ملکۂ دنیا}}
|''malikā-'''e'''-dunyā''
|the queen of the world
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ئ}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ولئ کامل}}||''walī-'''e'''-kāmil''||perfect saint
|-
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|ۓ}}
|style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|مۓ عشق}}
|''mai-'''e'''-ishq''
|the wine of love
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size: 150%" | {{Nastaliq|ئے}}|| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|روئے زمین}}||''rū-''''e'''-zamīn''|| the surface of the Earth
|-
| style="font-size: 150%"|{{Nastaliq|صدائے بلند}}||''sadā-''''e'''-buland''||a high voice
|}

== Computers and the Urdu alphabet ==
In the early days of computers, Urdu was not properly represented on any [[code page]]. One of the earliest code pages to represent Urdu was IBM Code Page 868 which dates back to 1990.<ref name="ibm">[ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CS01248.pdf "IBM 868 code page"]</ref> Other early code pages which represented Urdu alphabets were [[Windows-1256]] and [[MacArabic encoding]] both of which date back to the mid-1990s. In [[Unicode]], Urdu is represented inside the Arabic block. Another code page for Urdu, which is used in India, is [[Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange]]. In Pakistan, the 8-bit code page which is developed by [[National Language Authority]] is called Urdu Zabta Takhti ({{Nastaliq|اردو ضابطہ تختی}}) (UZT)<ref name="uzt">{{cite web|url=http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf|title=Urdu Zabta Takhti}}</ref> which represents Urdu in its most complete form including some of its specialized diacritics, though UZT is not designed to coexist with the Latin alphabet.

=== Encoding Urdu in Unicode ===
{{anchor|Unicode}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"
|+ Confusable glyphs in Urdu and Arabic script
|-
! Characters in Urdu
! Characters in Arabic
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ہ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ہ|(U+06C1)]] <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ھ}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ھ|(U+06BE)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ه}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ه|(U+0647)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ی}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ی|(U+06CC)]]
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ى}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ى|(U+0649)]] <big>{{lang|ar|ي}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ي|(U+064A)]]
|-
| <big>{{nq|{{lang|ur|ک}}}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ک|(U+06A9)]]
| <big>{{lang|ar|ك}}</big> [[:wiktionary: ك|(U+0643)]]
|-
|}

Like other writing systems derived from the Arabic script, Urdu uses the 0600–06FF Unicode range.<ref name="unicode600table">{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0600.pdf | title=Arabic | publisher=unicode.org | access-date=7 April 2019 }}</ref> Certain glyphs in this range appear visually similar (or identical when presented using particular fonts) even though the underlying encoding is different. This presents problems for information storage and retrieval. For example, the [[University of Chicago]]'s electronic copy of John Shakespear's "A Dictionary, Hindustani, and English"<ref name="shakespearDictionary">{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=29 September 2009 |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> includes the word '{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}' (''bhārat'' "India"). Searching for the string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بھارت}}}}" returns no results, whereas querying with the (identical-looking in many fonts) string "{{Nastaliq|{{lang|ur|بهارت}}}}" returns the correct entry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215020523/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4746.shakespear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 December 2012 |title=A dictionary, Hindustani and English |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> This is because the medial form of the Urdu letter ''do chashmi he'' (U+06BE)—used to form aspirate digraphs in Urdu—is visually identical in its medial form to the Arabic letter [[ه|hāʾ]] (U+0647; phonetic value {{IPA|/h/}}). In Urdu, the {{IPA|/h/}} phoneme is represented by the character U+06C1, called ''gol he'' (round ''he''), or ''chhoti he'' (small ''he'').

In 2003, the Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing (CRULP)<ref name="crulp">{{cite web|url=http://www.crulp.org/ |title=Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing |publisher=Crulp.org |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>—a research organisation affiliated with Pakistan's [[National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences]]—produced a proposal for mapping from the 1-byte [[Urdu keyboard#Fourth generation|UZT]] encoding of Urdu characters to the Unicode standard.<ref name="uztunicode">{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.tremu.gov.pk/tremu1/workingroups/pdfpresentations/UZT%20UNICODE%20MAPPING.pdf |date=* }}</ref> This proposal suggests a preferred Unicode glyph for each character in the Urdu alphabet.

{{-}}

=== Software ===
The ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to be typeset digitally in ''Nasta{{okina}}liq'' by computer. There are efforts underway to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and on the Internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals and periodicals are composed on computers via various Urdu software programmes, the most widespread of which is [[InPage]] Desktop Publishing package. [[Microsoft]] has included Urdu language support in all new versions of Windows and both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Microsoft Office 2007]] are available in Urdu through [[Language Interface Pack]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/Browse.aspx?displaylang=ur&productID=38DF6AB1-13D4-409C-966D-CBE61F040027 |title=مائِیکروسافٹ ڈاؤُن لوڈ مَرکَزWindows |publisher=Microsoft.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> support. Most Linux Desktop distributions allow the easy installation of Urdu support and translations as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aasims.wordpress.com/tag/ubuntu-in-urdu/ |title=Ubuntu in Urdu « Aasim's Web Corner |publisher=Aasims.wordpress.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref> [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] implemented the Urdu language keyboard across [[Mobile device]]s in its [[iOS 8]] update in September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/776214/e-urdu-how-one-mans-plea-for-nastaleeq-was-heard-by-apple/|title=E-Urdu: How one man's plea for Nastaleeq was heard by Apple|date=16 October 2014|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

== Romanization standards and systems ==
{{main|Roman Urdu}}
There are several romanization standards for writing Urdu with the Latin alphabet, though they are not very popular because most fall short of representing the Urdu language properly. Instead of standard romanization schemes, people on Internet, mobile phones and media often use a non-standard form of romanization which tries to mimic [[English Orthography|English orthography]]. The problem with this kind of romanization is that it can only be read by native speakers, and even for them with great difficulty. Among standardized romanization schemes, the most accurate is [[ALA-LC romanization]], which is also supported by National Language Authority. Other romanization schemes are often rejected because either they are unable to represent sounds in Urdu properly, or they often do not take regard of Urdu orthography, and favor pronunciation over orthography.<ref name="roman">{{cite web|url=http://nlpd.gov.pk/uakhbareurdu/august2011/8.html|title=اردو میں نقل حرفی ۔ ایک ابتدائی تعارف : نبلٰی پیرزادہ|website=nlpd.gov.pk}}</ref>

The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

Roman Urdu also holds significance among the Christians of Pakistan and [[North India]]. Urdu was the dominant native language among Christians of [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in present-day Pakistan and [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Rajasthan]] in India, during the early part of the 19th and 20th century, and is still used by Christians in these places. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. Thus Roman Urdu was a common way of writing among Pakistani and Indian Christians in these areas up to the 1960s. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman [[Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu|Urdū Bibles]] that enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, the usage of Roman Urdu is declining with the wider use of Hindi and English in these states.

== Glossary of key words from letter names ==
{{anchor|Glossary|Key words|Words from letter names}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
|+ class=nowrap style=text-align:center| Translations and other uses of key words from Urdu letter names
|-
! colspan=3 | Letter name(s)
! colspan=4 | Urdu word
! colspan=3 | Examples of other uses
|-
! style=width:10% | Isolated form
! [[Urdu]] name
! [[Roman Urdu]]
! [[Urdu]]
! class="unsortable" | [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! [[Roman Urdu]] name
! class="unsortable" | English Translation
! Urdu
! [[Roman Urdu]] or [[international phonetic alphabet|IPA]]
! class="unsortable" | Translation
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ح|ح]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی حے }}
| baṛī ħē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| بَڑی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| bəɽi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | baṛī / bari
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | big / elder<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: بڑی آنت|بڑی آنت]]}}
| ''Baṛi ant''
| [[large intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ے|ے]]}}
| {{lang|ur| بَڑی يـے }}
| baṛī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنت|آنت]]}}
| rowspan=2 |''Ant''
| rowspan=2 | [[intestine]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ی|ی]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی یے }}
| čhōṭī yē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| چھوٹی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tʃʰoːʈi }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| rowspan=2 | choti
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%;" | small / minor / junior<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
|-
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ہ|ہ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| چھوٹی ہے }}
| čhōṭī hē
| style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: چھوٹی آنت|چھوٹی آنت]]}}
| 
| [[small intestine]]
|-
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| گول ہـے }}
| gōl hē
| {{lang|ur| گول }}
| {{ipa| goːl }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| gōl
| style="font-size:90%" | round / spherical / vague / silly / obese<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries (Urdu to English Translation) | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/translate/urdu-english/ | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: گول گپے|گول گپے]]}}
| ''gol gappay''
| [[panipuri]]
|-
| rowspan=4 style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ھ|ھ]]}}
| rowspan=4  | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی ہے }}
| rowspan=4  | dō-čašmī hē
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|ur| دوچَشْمی }}
| rowspan=2 | {{ipa| }}
| rowspan=2 | do-cashmī
| rowspan=2 style="font-size:90%" | two-eyed {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو چشمی دوربین|دو چشمی دوربین]]}}
| ''do-cashmi''
''dorabīn''
| [[binoculars]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دوربین|دوربین]]}}
| ''dorabīn''
| [[telescope]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| دو }}
|
| do
| style="font-size:90%" | 2 / two
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: دو ایوانیت|دو ایوانیت]]}}
| ''do ayvanīt''
| [[bicameralism]]
|-
| {{lang|ur| چشم }}
| {{ipa| /tʃəʃm/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries/>
| chashm
| style="font-size:90%" | the eye / hope / expectation<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries_Translation />
| {{lang|ur| [[:ur: آنکھ|چشم]]}}
| ''cashm''
| [[eye]]
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ں|ں]]}}
| {{lang|ur| نُونِ غُنّہ }}
| nūn-e ğunnah
| {{lang|ur| غُنّہ }}
| {{ipa| ɣʊnnɑ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| ğunnah{{nbsp}}/ g͟hunnah
| style="font-size:90%" | nasal sound or twang<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: آ|آ]]}}
| {{lang|ur| الِف مَدّه }}
| alif maddah
| {{lang|ur| مَدّه }}
|
| maddah
| style="font-size:90%" | [[Arabic]]:
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| style="font-size:150%" | {{lang|ur| [[:wiktionary: ؤ|ؤ]]}}
| style="white-space: nowrap" | {{lang|ur| واوِ مَہْمُوز }}
| vāv-e mahmūz
| {{lang|ur| مَہْمُوز }}
| {{ipa|mæhmuːz}}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| mahmūz
| style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:90%" | defective / improper<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|- 
|-
| rowspan=3 style="font-size:75%" | {{uninastaliq|{{lang|ur| ء ا آ ب پ ت ٹ ث ب ج چ خ ح د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ں و ہ ھ ی ے }} }}
| rowspan=3 | {{lang|ur| [[:ur: حروف تہجی|حروف تہجی]]}} <ref>{{cite web | title=خلا سے زمین پر انگریزی کےحروف تہجی |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/multimedia/2016/01/160105_nasa_abc_space_pics_zz.amp |website=BBC News اردو |access-date=7 May 2020 |language=ur |date=5 January 2016}}</ref>
| rowspan=3 | harūf tahajī  ([[alphabet]])
| {{lang|ur| تہجی }}
| {{ipa| }}
| tahajī
| style="font-size:90%" | sequence {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حُرُوف }}
| {{ipa| /hʊruːf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harūf
| style="font-size:85%" | letters (plural)<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries>{{cite web | title= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | url=https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018132435/https://ur.oxforddictionaries.com/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 October 2016 | website= Urdu: Oxford Living Dictionaries | access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> (often referred to as "alphabets" in informal Pakistani English) 
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
| {{lang|ur| حَرْف }}
| {{ipa| /hərf/ }}<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| harf
| style="font-size:85%" | "letter of the alphabet" / handwriting / statement / blame / stigma<ref name=Oxford_Dictionaries />
| {{lang|ur|[[:ur: | ]]}} {{example needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Nastaʿlīq|Nastaʻliq script]]
* [[Romanization of Urdu]]
* [[Urdu Braille]]
* [[Urdu Informatics]]
* [[Urdu keyboard]]
* [[Urdu Wikipedia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Beginner's Urdu Script|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007141987X}}
* {{cite book|last1=Delacy|first1=Richard|title=Read and write Urdu script|date=2010|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=9780071747462|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFrFSAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Urdu romanization|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/urdu.pdf|publisher=The Library of Congress}}
* {{cite web|last1=Ishida|first1=Richard|title=Urdu script notes|url=https://r12a.github.io/scripts/arabic/urdu}}

== External links ==

{{Wikibooks|Urdu}}
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm Urdu alphabet]
* [http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html Urdu alphabet with Devanagari equivalents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911052959/http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/urdu-alphabet.html |date=11 September 2019 }}
* [http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html Hugo's Urdu Alphabet Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035347/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/newurdu/newurdu.html |date=16 July 2020 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608004825/http://www.calligraphyislamic.com/ calligraphyislamic.com], a resource for Urdu calligraphy and script
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/urduscript/ Urdu Script Introduction from Columbia University]
* [http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306181655/http://urducouncil.nic.in/welcome.html |date=6 March 2018 }}

{{Urdu topics}}
{{Arabic alphabets}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urdu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Hindustani orthography]]
[[Category:Urdu]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets]]
[[Category:Arabic alphabets for South Asian languages]]
[[Category:Officially used writing systems of India]]

Template:Arabic script sidebar/doc

2026-07-26T11:16:47Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}}  == Usage == Add an unnamed first parameter <code>Balochi</code>, <code>Burushaski</code>, <code>Kashmiri</code>, <code>Khowar</code>, <code>Kurdish</code>, <code>Pashto</code>, <code>Persian</code>, <code>Punjabi</code>, <code>Saraiki</code>, <code>Sindhi</code>, <code>Shina</code>, <code>Urdu</code> or <code>Uyghur</code> (case-insensitive) to display..."

{{Documentation subpage}}

== Usage ==
Add an unnamed first parameter <code>Balochi</code>, <code>Burushaski</code>, <code>Kashmiri</code>, <code>Khowar</code>, <code>Kurdish</code>, <code>Pashto</code>, <code>Persian</code>, <code>Punjabi</code>, <code>Saraiki</code>, <code>Sindhi</code>, <code>Shina</code>, <code>Urdu</code> or <code>Uyghur</code> (case-insensitive) to display that alphabet instead, e.g. {{tlx|Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}} will output: {{clear}}{{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}}

<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

[[Category:Writing system templates]]

}}</includeonly>

Template:Arabic script sidebar

2026-07-26T11:16:11Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{#invoke:sidebar|sidebar |title = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}} |balochi = Balochi Standard Alphabet |punjabi = Shahmukhi alphabet |pashto = Pashto alphabet |persian = Persian alphabet |urdu = Urdu alphabet |burushaski = Burushaski alphabet |saraiki = Saraiki alphabet |sindhi = Sindhi alphabet |kashmiri = Kashmiri alphabet |uyghur = Uyghur alphabet |shina = Shina language#W..."

{{#invoke:sidebar|sidebar
|title = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
|balochi = [[Balochi Standard Alphabet]]
|punjabi = [[Shahmukhi alphabet]]
|pashto = [[Pashto alphabet]]
|persian = [[Persian alphabet]]
|urdu = [[Urdu alphabet]]
|burushaski = [[Burushaski#Writing system|Burushaski alphabet]]
|saraiki = [[Saraiki alphabet]]
|sindhi = [[Sindhi alphabet]]
|kashmiri = [[Kashmiri alphabet]]
|uyghur = [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Uyghur alphabet]]
|shina = [[Shina language#Writing|Shina alphabet]]
|khowar = [[Khowar alphabet]]
|kurdish = [[Kurdish alphabets]]
|[[Arabic alphabet]]
}}

|content1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
|balochi = {{Lang|1=bal|2= {{Nq| [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ر]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[و]] [[ۏ]] [[ہ]] ([[ھ]]) [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ے]] ([[ݔ]]) }} }}
|punjabi = {{Lang|1=pnb|2= {{Nq| [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ل]] [[ࣇ]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ݨ]] ([[ں]]) [[و]] [[ه]] ([[ھ]]) [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ے]] }} }}
|pashto = {{Lang|1=ps|2=[[ﺍ]] [[ﺏ]] [[پ]] [[ﺕ]] [[ټ]] [[ﺙ]] [[ﺝ]] [[چ]] [[ﺡ]] [[ﺥ]] [[څ]] [[ځ]] [[ﺩ]] [[ډ]] [[ﺫ]] [[ﺭ]] [[ړ]] [[ﺯ]] [[ژ]] [[ږ]] [[ﺱ]] [[ﺵ]] [[ښ]] [[ﺹ]] [[ﺽ]] [[ﻁ]] [[ﻅ]] [[ﻉ]] [[ﻍ]] [[ﻑ]] [[ﻕ]] [[ک]] [[ګ]] [[ﻝ]] [[ﻡ]] [[ﻥ]] [[ڼ]] [[ﻭ]] [[ه]] [[ۀ]] [[ي]] [[ې]] [[ی]] [[ۍ]] [[ئ]] }}
|persian = {{Lang|1=fa|2= {{Nastaliq| [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[و]] [[ه]] [[ی]] |fa}} }}
|urdu = {{Lang|1=ur|2= {{Nastaliq| [[ا]] ([[آ]]) [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] ([[ں]]) [[و]] [[ہ]] ([[ھ]]) [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ے]] }} }}
|burushaski = {{Lang|1=bsk|2=[[ا]] [[ݳ]] [[ݴ]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[ݘ]] [[ݼ]] [[څ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڎ]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ݽ]] [[ص]] [[ڞ]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ݣ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ں]] [[و]] [[ݸ]] [[ݹ]] [[ه]] [[ھ]] [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ݶ]] [[ݷ]] [[ݺ]] }}
|saraiki = {{Lang|1=skr|2= [[آ]] [[ا]] [[ب]] [[ٻ]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[ڄ]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ݙ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[Gueh|ڳ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] ([[ں]]) [[ݨ]] [[و]] [[ہ]] [[ھ]] [[ی]] [[ے]] }}
|sindhi = {{Lang|1=sd|2= [[ا]] [[ب]] [[ٻ]] [[ڀ]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٿ]] [[ٽ]] [[ٺ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[ڄ]] [[جهہ]] [[ڃ]] [[چ]] [[ڇ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڌ]] [[ڏ]] [[ڊ]] [[ڍ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڙ]] [[ز]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ڦ]] [[ق]] [[ڪ]] [[khē|ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[Gueh|ڳ]] [[گهہ]] [[ڱ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ڻ]] [[و]] [[ھ]] [[ء]] [[ي]] }}
|kashmiri = {{Lang|1=ks|2= {{Nq| [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] ([[ں]]) [[و]] [[ۆ]] [[ۄ]] [[ھ]] [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ؠ]] [[ے]] }} }}
|uyghur = {{Lang|1=ug|2= [[ا|ئا]] [[ە|ئە]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ر]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ك]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[ڭ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ھ]] [[و|ئو]] [[ۇ|ئۇ]] [[ۆ|ئۆ]] [[ۈ|ئۈ]] [[ۋ]] [[ې|ئې]] [[ى|ئى]] [[ي]] }}
|shina = {{Lang|1=scl|2= [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[څ]] [[ځ]] [[ڇ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[ڙ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ݜ]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ڠ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ݨ]] [[ں]] [[و]] [[ہ]] ([[ھ]]) [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ے]] }}
|khowar = {{Lang|1=khw|2= {{Nq| [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[ݯ]] [[ݮ]] [[څ]] [[ځ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[ݱ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ݰ]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[Gaf|گ]] [[ل]] [[ڵ]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ں]] [[و]] [[ہ]] [[ھ]] [[ء]] [[ی]] [[ے]] }} }}
|kurdish = {{Lang|1=ckb|2= [[ئ]] [[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ر]] [[ڕ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ڤ]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ل]] [[ڵ]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ھ]] [[ە]] [[و]] [[وو]] [[ۆ]] [[ی]] [[ێ]] }}
|{{Lang|1=ar|2= [[ا]] [[ب]] [[ت]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ز]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ك]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[ه]] [[و]] [[ي]] }}
}}

|heading2 = <hr>{{#ifeq:{{{nav|}}}|no||{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
|balochi = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|pashto = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|persian = [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|urdu = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|burushaski = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|saraiki = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|punjabi = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|sindhi = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|uyghur = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|shina = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|kashmiri = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|khowar = Extended [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]]
|kurdish = Extended [[Kurdish alphabets#Kurdo-Arabic alphabet|Kurdo-Arabic alphabet]]
|[[Arabic script]]
}}}}
|content2 = {{#ifeq:{{{nav|}}}|no||{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
|pashto =
*[[Pashto alphabet#History|History]]
|persian =
*[[Romanization of Persian|Transliteration]]
|kurdish =
*[[Kurdish alphabets#History|History]]
*[[Kurdish typography|Typography]]
*[[Romanization of Kurdish|Transliteration]]
*[[Kurdish grammar|Grammar]] ([[Sorani grammar|Sorani]])
|urdu =
*[[Urdu alphabet#History|History]]
|uyghur =
*[[Uyghur alphabets#History|History]]
*[[Uyghur Latin alphabet|Transliteration]]
|
*[[History of the Arabic alphabet|History]]
*[[Romanization of Arabic|Transliteration]]
}}
* [[Arabic diacritics|Diacritics]]
** [[Hamza]]
* [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Numerals]]
* [[Abjad numerals|Numeration]]
}}
|contentclass = hlist
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

The Odyssey (2026 film)

2026-07-17T05:28:40Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Short description|Film by Christopher Nolan}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2026}} {{Infobox film | image = The Odyssey (2026 film) poster.jpg | alt = Film poster showing Odysseus (Matt Damon) standing in a battle position, with the Trojan Horse behind him, engulfed in ash and smoke. | caption = Theatrical release poster | director..."

{{Short description|Film by Christopher Nolan}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = The Odyssey (2026 film) poster.jpg
| alt = Film poster showing Odysseus (Matt Damon) standing in a battle position, with the Trojan Horse behind him, engulfed in ash and smoke.
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Christopher Nolan]]
| screenplay = Christopher Nolan
| based_on = [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]''
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Emma Thomas]]
* Christopher Nolan
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Matt Damon]]
* [[Tom Holland]]
* [[Anne Hathaway]]
* [[Robert Pattinson]]
* [[Lupita Nyong'o]]
* [[Samantha Morton]]
* [[Zendaya]]
* [[Charlize Theron]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Hoyte van Hoytema]]
| editing = [[Jennifer Lame]]
| music = [[Ludwig Göransson]]
| studio = [[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]]<ref name="VarietyReview" /><ref name="THRReview" />
| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]<ref name="VarietyReview" /><ref name="THRReview" />
| released = {{Film date|2026|7|6|[[Odeon Luxe Leicester Square]]|2026|7|17|United States and United Kingdom}}
| runtime = 173 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2026 |title=''The Odyssey'' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-odyssey-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdmxmdy2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260707184002/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-odyssey-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdmxmdy2 |archive-date=July 7, 2026 |access-date=July 7, 2026 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = {{Plainlist|
* United States
* United Kingdom
}}
| language = English
| budget = $250 million<ref name="TeaserLeakTHR" />
| gross =
}}

'''The Odyssey''' is a 2026 epic fantasy action film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, serving as an adaptation of [[Homer]]'s [[Ancient Greek|ancient Greek]] epic poem [[Odyssey]]. The film stars [[Matt Damon]] as [[Odysseus]], the Greek king of [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]], and chronicles his arduous and hazardous journey home following the [[Trojan War]], alongside his encounters with mythical beings as he strives to reunite with his wife, Penelope, portrayed by Anne Hathaway. The supporting cast features [[Tom Holland]], [[Robert Pattinson]], [[Lupita Nyong'o]], [[Samantha Morton]], [[Zendaya]], and [[Charlize Theron]]. Nolan and his wife Emma Thomas produced the film through their production company, [[Syncopy Inc.|Syncopy]].

Nolan commenced writing The Odyssey in March 2024, secured the project with Universal Pictures by October of that year, and the film was officially announced in December. The casting process extended from late 2024 through early 2025, with Matt Damon's confirmation for the lead role occurring in February 2025. Nolan studied multiple [[Translations of the Odyssey|translations of The Odyssey]] to inform his approach. He developed a realistic interpretation of Greek mythology, drawing inspiration from the epic historical films ''Andrei Rublev'' (1966) and ''Ran'' (1985), as well as the works of special effects artist Ray Harryhausen. Principal photography took place from February to August 2025 across various international locations including [[Morocco]], [[Greece]], [[Italy]], [[Scotland]], [[Iceland]], [[Western Sahara]], and [[Malta]], supplemented by filming at the [[Universal Studios Lot]] in Los Angeles. With an estimated budget of 25 crore USD, the film ranks among the most expensive productions of Nolan's career and marks the first to be shot exclusively on [[IMAX]]'s [[70 mm film]] cameras. In the period leading up to the film's release, the costume design, production aesthetics, accents, dialogue, and casting decisions generated significant critical discussion and debate concerning historical accuracy to the source material and the depicted setting.

The film premiered on July 6, 2026, at the Odeon Luxe Leicester Square in London, preceding its theatrical release by Universal Pictures on 17 July in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The release was presented in IMAX and multiple premium large formats. The Odyssey received critical acclaim, with particular praise directed toward Nolan's direction.

== Cast ==
{{Multiple image
| total_width = 300
| image1 = MattDamon-byPhilipRomano.jpg
| alt1 = Picture of actor Matt Damon in 2026
| image2 = Head Odysseus MAR Sperlonga.jpg
| alt2 = The head of Odysseus from a Roman period Hellenistic marble group, representing Odysseus blinding Polyphemus
| footer = [[Matt Damon]] (left) portrays [[Odysseus]] (right; one of the [[Sperlonga sculptures]]).
}}

* [[Matt Damon]] as [[Odysseus]]: The legendary [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] king of [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]].<ref name="DamonOdysseusFirstLook" /> Director [[Christopher Nolan]] described Odysseus as complicated, "an amazing strategist, [and] a very wily person". He was interested in his cleverness and inventiveness, particularly citing Odysseus's characterization in [[Odyssey (Emily Wilson translation)|the 2017 translation of the ''Odyssey'']] by British-American classicist [[Emily Wilson (classicist)|Emily Wilson]].<ref name="CharacterFirstLooks" /> To prepare for the role, Damon underwent an extensive training regimen and a strict diet to become "lean but strong", which included no longer consuming gluten and reducing his weight to {{convert|167|lb|kg|abbr=off}}.<ref name="DamonWorkout" /> He also grew a full beard for a year, after Nolan declined to use artificial facial hair because he wanted to capture "the physicality of real hair".<ref name="DamonBeard" /><ref name="DamonWorkout" />
* [[Tom Holland]] as [[Telemachus]], Odysseus and Penelope's son and the prince of Ithaca, who is determined to find his father<ref name="TeaserTrailer" /><ref name="EmpireCoverStoryJan2026" />{{rp|55}}
* [[Anne Hathaway]] as [[Penelope]], Odysseus's wife, Telemachus's mother, and the queen of Ithaca, who fends off [[Suitors of Penelope|many suitors]] in her husband's absence<ref name="EWDec2025" />
* [[Robert Pattinson]] as [[Antinous of Ithaca|Antinous]], a suitor of Penelope,<ref name="EWDec2025" /> whom Pattinson described as sleazy and likened to [[James Woods]]'s character Lester Diamond from the 1995 film ''[[Casino (1995 film)|Casino]]''<ref name="GQCoverStory" />
* [[Lupita Nyong'o]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** [[Helen of Troy]], Menelaus's wife, described as the most beautiful woman in the world, whose abduction triggers the [[Trojan War]]<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
** [[Clytemnestra]], Helen's sister and Agamemnon's wife, whose marriage is acrimonious<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[Samantha Morton]] as [[Circe]], a witch and goddess from the island of [[Aeaea]]<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[John Leguizamo]] as [[Eumaeus]], Odysseus's faithful servant and blind [[swineherd]]<ref name="EmpireCoverStoryJan2026" />{{rp|55}}<ref name="NolanNYTJun2026" />
* [[Zendaya]] as [[Athena]], the goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft, who protects Odysseus on his journey. She also portrays the young Trojan priestess of Athena killed during the assault on Troy that Athena later takes the form of<ref name="EmpireCoverStoryJan2026" />{{rp|50}}<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[Charlize Theron]] as [[Calypso (mythology)|Calypso]], a [[nymph]] from the island of [[Ogygia]] who tries to keep Odysseus as her immortal husband<ref name="TimeCoverStory" /><ref name="NolanCinemaConApr2026" />

* [[Jon Bernthal]] as [[Menelaus]], the Greek king of [[Sparta]], Helen's husband, and Agamemnon's younger brother<ref name="EmpireCoverStoryJan2026" />{{rp|50}}
* [[Himesh Patel]] as [[Eurylochus]], Odysseus's second-in-command and incompetent brother-in-law<ref name="SupportingCastRoles" /><ref name="EWDec2025" />
* [[Bill Irwin]] as [[Polyphemus]], a Cyclops and son of [[Poseidon]]<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[Elliot Page]] as [[Sinon]], a Greek soldier and the son of a servant of Antinous, who was recruited as a child to be brought up as a soldier that would reach adulthood upon the Greeks' arrival at Troy<ref name="SupportingCastRoles" /><ref name="IntoFilmCast" />
* [[Benny Safdie]] as [[Agamemnon]], the Greek king of [[Mycenae]], Clytemnestra's husband, Menelaus's older brother, and the commander of the [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaeans]] during the Trojan War<ref name="PrologueCommentaryTelegraph" /><ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[Will Yun Lee]] as [[Anchialos (mythology)|Anchialus]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="EmpireCoverStoryJan2026" />{{rp|59}}
* [[Corey Hawkins]] as [[Polybus (Odyssey)|Polybus]], an Ithacan suitor of Penelope<ref name="IntoFilmCast" />
* [[Mia Goth]] as [[Melantho (Odyssey)|Melantho]], a disloyal [[maidservant]] of Odysseus and Penelope<ref name="CharacterFirstLooks" /><ref name="SupportingCastRoles" />
* [[Logan Marshall-Green]] as [[Melanthius (Odyssey)|Melanthius]], Melantho's twin brother and Odysseus's dishonest [[goatherd]]<ref name="CastHB" /><ref name="SupportingCastRoles" />
* Jimmy Gonzales as [[Cepheus (Odyssey)|Cepheus]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="EWDec2025" />
* [[Andrew Howard]] as [[Polites (friend of Odysseus)|Polites]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="Howard" />{{Independent source inline|date=June 2026}}
* [[Travis Scott]] as a [[bard]], whom Nolan included because he wanted to allude to how the ''Odyssey'' had been retold through [[oral poetry]], which he analogized to [[rapping]], Scott's profession<ref name="TimeCoverStory" />
* [[James Remar]] as [[Tiresias]], a blind [[prophet]] of the [[Greek underworld]]<ref name="SupportingCastRoles" />
* [[Elyes Gabel]] as [[Elatus]], a warrior<ref name="SupportingCastRoles" />
* [[Ryan Hurst]] as [[Mentor (Odyssey)|Mentor]], Telemachus' guide and mentor<ref name="Hurst" />
* [[Jovan Adepo]] as [[Elpenor]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="IcelandFilming" />
* [[Jesse Garcia]] as [[Menetus (mythology)|Menetus]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="GarciaLee" />
* [[Josh Stewart]] as [[Antiphates]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="Stewart" />
* [[Sean Avery]] as [[Laodamas]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="ScotlandFilmingContinued" />
* Anthony Molinari as [[Perimedes]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=2077355700712308811 |user=BastienDrucker |title=Carton de doublage du film "L'odyssée" de Christopher Nolan dirigé par Michel Derain Avec le retour de notre @damienboisseau sur Matt Damon |first=Bastien D. |last=Fry |date=July 15, 2026 |access-date=July 16, 2026}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2026}}
* Ian Casselberry as [[Dolius|Dolios]], one of Odysseus's shipmates<ref name="Casselberry" />
* Kate Fuglei as [[Eurycleia (nurse of Odysseus)|Eurycleia]], a loyal handmaiden and nurse of Odysseus and Penelope
* [[Iddo Goldberg]] as [[Amphimedon]], a suitor of Penelope<ref name="VlamisGoldberg" />
* [[Rafi Gavron]] and [[Shiloh Fernandez]] as Trojans who kill Sinon and encounter the Trojan horse<ref name="GavronFernandez" />
* [[Nick E. Tarabay]] as an unnamed pilot
* [[Maurice Compte]] as Steward of Menelaus<ref name="TarabayGonzalesCompte" />
* [[Michael Vlamis]] as Bandit / Priest in Pylos
* [[Brian Vernel]] as [[Arnaeus|Irus]], a beggar of Ithaca
* Stephen Murphy as [[Phemius]]

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

2026-07-17T05:16:41Z

Adarshatva: /* Notes and References */

{{Short description|2003 film by Gore Verbinski}}
{{About|the film|the video game based on the movie|Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (video game){{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'' (video game)|the soundtrack|Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (soundtrack){{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'' (soundtrack)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
| image = Pirates of the Caribbean - The Curse of the Black Pearl.png
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Gore Verbinski]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]]
* [[Terry Rossio]]
}}
| story = {{Plainlist|
* Ted Elliott
* Terry Rossio
* [[Stuart Beattie]]
* [[Jay Wolpert]]
}}
| based_on = {{Based on|[[Walt Disney]]'s [[Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]}}
| producer = [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Johnny Depp]]
* [[Geoffrey Rush]]
* [[Orlando Bloom]]
* [[Keira Knightley]]
* [[Jonathan Pryce]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Dariusz Wolski]]
| editing = {{Plain list|
* [[Craig Wood (film editor)|Craig Wood]]
* [[Stephen Rivkin]]
* [[Arthur Schmidt (film editor)|Arthur Schmidt]]
}}
| music = [[Klaus Badelt]] 
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Walt Disney Pictures]]
* [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]
}}
| distributor = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]]
| released = {{Film date|2003|6|28|[[Disneyland Resort]]|2003|7|9|United States}}
| runtime = 143 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=Pirates of the Caribbean - The Curse of the Black Pearl |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/pirates-of-the-caribbean-the-curse-of-the-black-pearl-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnzgymzu2 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=July 10, 2003 |access-date=February 7, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018064950/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/pirates-caribbean-curse-black-pearl-2003-0 |archive-date=October 18, 2015 }}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $140 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|title=Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=piratesofthecaribbean.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 21, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509222948/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=piratesofthecaribbean.htm |archive-date=May 9, 2013 }}</ref>
| gross = $654.3 million<ref name="BOM"/>
}}

'''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'''{{efn|Originally titled and marketed as '''''Pirates of the Caribbean'''''<ref name="FilmForce">{{cite web |author=Brian Linder |author-link=Brian Linder |title=FilmForce: A Pirates Life |url=http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/368/368712p1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020826155527/http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/368/368712p1.html |archive-date=August 26, 2002 |access-date=August 22, 2002 |work=[[IGN]]}}</ref><ref name="Greg">{{cite web |author=Greg Dean Schmitz |author-link=Greg Dean Schmitz |title=Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Greg's Preview |url=https://movies.yahoo.com/shop?d=hp&cf=prev&id=1808405416&gpt=ch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050713090935/http://movies.yahoo.com/shop?d=hp&cf=prev&id=1808405416&gpt=ch |archive-date=July 13, 2005 |access-date=August 9, 2008 |work=[[Yahoo!]]}}</ref>}} is a 2003 American fantasy swashbuckler film directed by Gore Verbinski. Produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures under the Walt Disney Pictures label, the film draws its inspiration from the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction at Disney theme parks and serves as the inaugural installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean series. The film features Johnny Depp, Geoffrey Rush, Orlando Bloom, and Keira Knightley in lead roles, following the adventures of pirate captain Jack Sparrow (Depp) and blacksmith Will Turner (Bloom) as they endeavour to rescue the abducted Elizabeth Swann (Knightley). The protagonists encounter Captain Hector Barbossa (Rush) and the crew of the Black Pearl, who are suffering from a supernatural curse.

The development of *The Curse of the Black Pearl* commenced in 2000 when executives at Walt Disney Studios drafted an initial treatment for the project. A script was developed by Jay Wolpert in 2001, subsequently rewritten by Stuart Beattie in early 2002. Around this period, producer Jerry Bruckheimer became involved and enlisted screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, who had previously drafted a premise in the 1990s. Elliott and Rossio incorporated the curse element into the script to better align the film's narrative with the theme park ride experience. Verbinski was eventually appointed as the film's director. Principal photography took place from October 2002 to March 2003, with filming conducted in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and on studio sets in Los Angeles, California.

The film held its world premiere at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, on June 28, 2003, before its theatrical release in the United States on July 9. Despite modest initial expectations, ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' achieved tremendous box-office success, grossing $654.3 million worldwide and ranking as the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2003. Critics generally responded positively to the film, with Johnny Depp receiving particular acclaim for his performance. He won a Screen Actors Guild Award and garnered nominations from the Academy Awards, BAFTAs, and Golden Globes. The film itself received additional Academy Award and BAFTA nominations. The cinematic saga continued with four subsequent sequels: ''Dead Man's Chest'' (2006), ''At World's End'' (2007), ''On Stranger Tides'' (2011), and ''Dead Men Tell No Tales'' (2017).

==Cast==
{{main|List of Pirates of the Caribbean cast members|l1 = List of ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' cast members|List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters|l2 = List of ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' characters}}

* [[Johnny Depp]] as [[Jack Sparrow|Captain Jack Sparrow]]: A notorious pirate characterized by his slightly drunken swagger, slurred speech and flailing hand gestures. He is determined to reacquire the ''Black Pearl''.
* [[Geoffrey Rush]] as [[Hector Barbossa|Captain Barbossa]]: The captain of the ''Black Pearl''. He was Jack's first mate before he led a mutiny. Barbossa and his crew stole cursed Aztec gold and became immortal zombies.
* [[Orlando Bloom]] as [[Will Turner]]: A blacksmith's apprentice working in Port Royal who is in love with Elizabeth Swann. Will struggles with the fact that his father was a pirate.
* [[Keira Knightley]] as [[Elizabeth Swann]]: The daughter of Governor Weatherby Swann. She has been fascinated with pirates since childhood and is in love with Will.
**[[Lucinda Dryzek]] as young Elizabeth Swann
* [[Jack Davenport]] as [[James Norrington|Norrington]]: An officer in the Royal Navy who seeks to marry Elizabeth.
* [[Kevin McNally|Kevin R. McNally]] as [[Joshamee Gibbs]]: Jack's loyal first mate who once served in the Royal Navy.
* [[Zoe Saldaña]] as [[List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Anamaria|Anamaria]]: A pirate who wants to confront Jack for stealing her ship. One of the film's screenwriters, Terry Rossio, stated that the name "AnaMaria" was chosen because it is the middle name of his daughter.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.wordplayer.com/forums/moviesarc07/index.cgi?read=86647 |title=Wordplay Forums: Re: Just a small question for T. and T. |first=Terry |last=Rossio |author-link=Terry Rossio |date=August 9, 2006 |access-date=December 30, 2018 |work=Wordplayer}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wordplayer.com/archives/rossio09.Ends.Earth.html |title=Wordplayer.com: WORDPLAY/Archives/"Ends of the Earth" |first=Terry |last=Rossio |author-link=Terry Rossio |access-date=December 30, 2018 |date=September 6, 2006 |work=Word Player}}</ref>
* [[Jonathan Pryce]] as [[Weatherby Swann|Governor Weatherby Swann]]: The father of Elizabeth and the governor of Port Royal.
* [[Treva Etienne]] as Koehler: A lieutenant in Barbossa's cursed crew who is killed by Norrington.
* [[David Bailie]] as [[List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Cotton|Cotton]]: A member of Jack's crew. His parrot talks for him because his tongue was cut out.
* [[Lee Arenberg]] as [[Pintel and Ragetti|Pintel]]: A dimwitted member of the cursed crew.
* [[Mackenzie Crook]] as [[Pintel and Ragetti|Ragetti]]: A member of the cursed crew who has a wooden eye.
* [[Isaac C. Singleton Jr.]] as Bo'sun, Barbossa's first mate
* [[Martin Klebba]] as Marty, a dwarf pirate who joins Sparrow's crew on the Interceptor
* [[Damian O'Hare]] as Lieutenant Gillette, Norrington's Second-in-Command
* Vince Lozano as Jacoby, a member of the cursed crew with a knack for explosives

Supporting characters include the cursed pirates Grapple ([[Trevor Goddard]]), Mallott (Brye Cooper), and Twigg ([[Michael Berry Jr.]]), and [[List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters#Theodore Groves|British Officer]] ([[Greg Ellis (actor)|Greg Ellis]]). The soldiers [[Murtogg and Mullroy]] are portrayed by Giles New and [[Angus Barnett]], respectively.

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
* [[The Odyssey (2026 film)]]

Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

2026-07-15T07:53:50Z

Adarshatva:

Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

2026-07-15T07:53:10Z

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

2026-07-15T07:52:44Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Short description|2003 film by Gore Verbinski}} {{About|the film|the video game based on the movie|Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (video game){{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'' (video game)|the soundtrack|Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (soundtrack){{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'' (soundtrack)}} {{Good article}} {{Use American English|date=February 2023}} {{Use md..."

Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)

2026-07-15T07:41:47Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Film series}}
{{About|the film series|the franchise as a whole|Pirates of the Caribbean{{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean''}}
{{Good article}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pirates of the Caribbean
| image = [[File:Pirates of the Caribbean logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| director = [[Gore Verbinski]] (1–3) [[Rob Marshall]] (4) [[Joachim Rønning]] (5) [[Espen Sandberg]] (5)
| producer = [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
| screenplay = [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] (1–4) [[Terry Rossio]] (1–4) [[Jeff Nathanson]] (5)
| story = [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] (1–4) [[Terry Rossio]] (1–5) [[Stuart Beattie]] (1) [[Jay Wolpert]] (1) [[Jeff Nathanson]] (5)
| based_on = [[Walt Disney]]'s [[Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)|Pirates of the Caribbean]] ''[[On Stranger Tides]]'' by [[Tim Powers]] (4)
| starring = [[Johnny Depp]] (1–5) [[Geoffrey Rush]] (1-5) [[Kevin McNally]] (1–5) [[Orlando Bloom]] (1–3, 5) [[Keira Knightley]] (1–3, 5) ([[#Cast and crew|See below]])
| music = [[Klaus Badelt]] (1) [[Hans Zimmer]] (2–4) [[Geoff Zanelli]] (5)
| studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| runtime = 726 minutes (1–5)
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = '''Total (5 films):''' $1.274–1.364 billion
| gross = '''Total (5 films):''' $4.524 billion
}}

'''Pirates of the Caribbean'' is an American film series produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and adapted from Disney's theme park attraction of the same name. The film series constitutes a major component of the broader Pirates of the Caribbean media franchise and is set primarily in the Caribbean, depicting a fictionalised version of the Golden Age of Piracy (approximately 1650–1726), while also extending into a mid-1700s timeframe.

The series has been directed by several filmmakers: Gore Verbinski (films 1–3), Rob Marshall (4), and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg (5). The screenplay is primarily credited to Ted Elliott (films 1–4) and Terry Rossio (films 1–5), with additional contributions from Stuart Beattie (1), Jay Wolpert (1), and Jeff Nathanson (5).

The narrative follows the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow, portrayed by Johnny Depp, alongside various supporting characters including his former first mate Hector Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush) and first mate Joshamee Gibbs (Kevin McNally) throughout the course of the films.

The franchise commenced in 2003 with ''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'', which received positive reception from both audiences and film critics, grossing $654 million worldwide at the box office. Following the first film's success, Walt Disney Pictures confirmed plans for an extended series. The second installment, ''Dead Man's Chest'' (2006), shattered financial records during its premiere day and became the highest-grossing film of 2006, earning nearly $1.1 billion globally. The third film, ''At World's End'' (2007), followed with $962 million in worldwide box office revenue. Disney released the fourth film, ''On Stranger Tides'' (2011), in conventional 2D, Digital 3-D, and IMAX 3D formats, becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in cinema history to surpass $1 billion at the time of its release. The fifth and final film, ''Dead Men Tell No Tales'' (2017), earned $796 million worldwide.

The entire franchise has accumulated over $4.5 billion in worldwide box office revenue, ranking it as the 17th-highest-grossing film series of all time. It holds the distinction of being the first film franchise to produce two or more films that have grossed over $1 billion each.

==Films==
{{multiple image|perrow = 3
|total_width=300
| align =
| direction =
| width =
| image1 = Johnny Depp 2, 2011.jpg
| alt1 = Johnny Depp at a film premiere.
| caption1 =
| image2 = GeoffreyRushTIFFSept2011.jpg
| alt2 = Rush at a festival.
| image3 = Kevin McNally January 2015.jpg
| alt3 = McNally at a festival.
| caption3 =
| caption2 =
| image4 = Orlando Bloom Cannes 2013.jpg
| alt4 = Bloom at a festival.
| caption4 =
| image5 = KeiraKnightleyByAndreaRaffin2011 (cropped).jpg
| alt5 = Knightley at a festival.
| caption5 =
| image6 = Martin Klebba (cropped).JPG
| alt6 = Martin Klebba at the premiere of Pirates of the Caribbean 3
| caption6 =
| footer = Johnny Depp, Geoffrey Rush, Kevin McNally, Orlando Bloom, Keira Knightley, and Martin Klebba appeared in at least four films. Only Depp, Rush, and McNally reprised their roles in all five films.
}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
! Film
! U.S. release date
! Director(s)
! Screenwriter(s)
! Story by
! Producer
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2003|07|09}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Gore Verbinski]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] & [[Terry Rossio]]
| Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio, [[Jay Wolpert]] & [[Stuart Beattie]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2006|07|07}}
| rowspan="3" | Ted Elliott & Terry Rossio
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2007|05|25}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2011|05|20}}
| [[Rob Marshall]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2017|05|26}}
| [[Espen Sandberg]] & [[Joachim Rønning]]
| [[Jeff Nathanson]]
| Jeff Nathanson & Terry Rossio
|}

==Cast and crew==
===Cast===
{{Main|List of Pirates of the Caribbean characters|l1 = List of ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' characters|List of Pirates of the Caribbean film actors|l2 = List of ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' film actors}}

===Additional crew===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Occupation
! colspan="5" | Films
|-
! ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl| The Curse of the Black Pearl]]''
! ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest|Dead Man's Chest]]''
! ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End|At World's End]]''
! ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides|On Stranger Tides]]''
! ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales|Dead Men Tell No Tales]]''
|-
! Composer
| [[Klaus Badelt]]
| colspan="3" | [[Hans Zimmer]]
| [[Geoff Zanelli]]
|-
! Editor(s)
| [[Craig Wood (film editor)|Craig Wood]], [[Arthur Schmidt (film editor)|Arthur Schmidt]] & [[Stephen Rivkin]]
| colspan="2" | Craig Wood & Stephen Rivkin
| Wyatt Smith & [[David Brenner (film editor)|David Brenner]]
| [[Roger Barton (film editor)|Roger Barton]] & Leigh Folsom Boyd
|-
! Cinematographer
| colspan="4" | [[Dariusz Wolski]]
| [[Paul Cameron (cinematographer)|Paul Cameron]]
|-
! Production companies
| colspan="5" | [[Walt Disney Pictures]] & [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]
|-
! Distributor
| colspan="3" | [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]]
| colspan="2" | [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
|}

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)

2026-07-15T07:40:15Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Film series}}
{{About|the film series|the franchise as a whole|Pirates of the Caribbean{{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean''}}
{{Good article}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pirates of the Caribbean
| image = [[File:Pirates of the Caribbean logo.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| director = [[Gore Verbinski]] (1–3) [[Rob Marshall]] (4) [[Joachim Rønning]] (5) [[Espen Sandberg]] (5)
| producer = [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
| screenplay = [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] (1–4) [[Terry Rossio]] (1–4) [[Jeff Nathanson]] (5)
| story = [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] (1–4) [[Terry Rossio]] (1–5) [[Stuart Beattie]] (1) [[Jay Wolpert]] (1) [[Jeff Nathanson]] (5)
| based_on = [[Walt Disney]]'s [[Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)|Pirates of the Caribbean]] ''[[On Stranger Tides]]'' by [[Tim Powers]] (4)
| starring = [[Johnny Depp]] (1–5) [[Geoffrey Rush]] (1-5) [[Kevin McNally]] (1–5) [[Orlando Bloom]] (1–3, 5) [[Keira Knightley]] (1–3, 5) ([[#Cast and crew|See below]])
| music = [[Klaus Badelt]] (1) [[Hans Zimmer]] (2–4) [[Geoff Zanelli]] (5)
| studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]
| distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
| runtime = 726 minutes (1–5)
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = '''Total (5 films):''' $1.274–1.364 billion
| gross = '''Total (5 films):''' $4.524 billion
}}

'''Pirates of the Caribbean'' is an American film series produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and adapted from Disney's theme park attraction of the same name. The film series constitutes a major component of the broader Pirates of the Caribbean media franchise and is set primarily in the Caribbean, depicting a fictionalised version of the Golden Age of Piracy (approximately 1650–1726), while also extending into a mid-1700s timeframe.

The series has been directed by several filmmakers: Gore Verbinski (films 1–3), Rob Marshall (4), and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg (5). The screenplay is primarily credited to Ted Elliott (films 1–4) and Terry Rossio (films 1–5), with additional contributions from Stuart Beattie (1), Jay Wolpert (1), and Jeff Nathanson (5).

The narrative follows the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow, portrayed by Johnny Depp, alongside various supporting characters including his former first mate Hector Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush) and first mate Joshamee Gibbs (Kevin McNally) throughout the course of the films.

The franchise commenced in 2003 with ''Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl'', which received positive reception from both audiences and film critics, grossing $654 million worldwide at the box office. Following the first film's success, Walt Disney Pictures confirmed plans for an extended series. The second installment, ''Dead Man's Chest'' (2006), shattered financial records during its premiere day and became the highest-grossing film of 2006, earning nearly $1.1 billion globally. The third film, ''At World's End'' (2007), followed with $962 million in worldwide box office revenue. Disney released the fourth film, ''On Stranger Tides'' (2011), in conventional 2D, Digital 3-D, and IMAX 3D formats, becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in cinema history to surpass $1 billion at the time of its release. The fifth and final film, ''Dead Men Tell No Tales'' (2017), earned $796 million worldwide.

The entire franchise has accumulated over $4.5 billion in worldwide box office revenue, ranking it as the 17th-highest-grossing film series of all time. It holds the distinction of being the first film franchise to produce two or more films that have grossed over $1 billion each.

==Films==
{{multiple image|perrow = 3
|total_width=300
| align =
| direction =
| width =
| image1 = Johnny Depp 2, 2011.jpg
| alt1 = Johnny Depp at a film premiere.
| caption1 =
| image2 = GeoffreyRushTIFFSept2011.jpg
| alt2 = Rush at a festival.
| image3 = Kevin McNally January 2015.jpg
| alt3 = McNally at a festival.
| caption3 =
| caption2 =
| image4 = Orlando Bloom Cannes 2013.jpg
| alt4 = Bloom at a festival.
| caption4 =
| image5 = KeiraKnightleyByAndreaRaffin2011 (cropped).jpg
| alt5 = Knightley at a festival.
| caption5 =
| image6 = Martin Klebba (cropped).JPG
| alt6 = Martin Klebba at the premiere of Pirates of the Caribbean 3
| caption6 =
| footer = Johnny Depp, Geoffrey Rush, Kevin McNally, Orlando Bloom, Keira Knightley, and Martin Klebba appeared in at least four films. Only Depp, Rush, and McNally reprised their roles in all five films.
}}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
! Film
! U.S. release date
! Director(s)
! Screenwriter(s)
! Story by
! Producer
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2003|07|09}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Gore Verbinski]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] & [[Terry Rossio]]
| Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio, [[Jay Wolpert]] & [[Stuart Beattie]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2006|07|07}}
| rowspan="3" | Ted Elliott & Terry Rossio
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2007|05|25}}
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2011|05|20}}
| [[Rob Marshall]]
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales]]''
| style="text-align:left" | {{Start date|2017|05|26}}
| [[Espen Sandberg]] & [[Joachim Rønning]]
| [[Jeff Nathanson]]
| Jeff Nathanson & Terry Rossio
|}

== Notes and References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)

2026-07-15T07:38:27Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Short description|Film series}} {{About|the film series|the franchise as a whole|Pirates of the Caribbean{{!}}''Pirates of the Caribbean''}} {{Good article}} {{pp-pc|small=yes}} {{Use American English|date=February 2023}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox film | name = Pirates of the Caribbean | image = class=skin-invert | director = Gore Verbinski (1–3) Rob Marshall (4) Joachim Rønning..."

Digger (2026 film)

2026-07-15T07:23:35Z

Adarshatva:

{{Under construction}}

{{Infobox film
| budget = 12.5 crore USD
| cinematography = Emmanuel Lubezki
| country = United States of America
| director = Alejandro G. Iñárritu
| distributor = Warner Bros. Pictures
| editing = {{Plainlist|
*Stephen Mirrione
*Conor O'Neill
}}
| name = Digger
| language = English
| music = Cosmo Sheldrake
| film_name = Digger (2026 film)
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Alejandro G. Iñárritu
*Tom Cruise
*Mary Parent
*Michael Sharp
}}
| released = 2026-10-02
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*Tom Cruise
*Riz Ahmed
*John Goodman
*Sandra Hüller
*Michael Stuhlbarg
*Jesse Plemons
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
*Alejandro G. Iñárritu
*Sabina Berman
}}
}}

'''Digger''' is a 2026 American English-language film.

It was directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu and produced by Alejandro G. Iñárritu, Tom Cruise, Mary Parent, Michael Sharp. The cast includes Tom Cruise, Riz Ahmed, John Goodman, Sandra Hüller, Michael Stuhlbarg, Jesse Plemons.

==Cast==
* [[Tom Cruise]] as Digger Rockwell, a wealthy oil tycoon<ref>{{cite tweet |number=2001684088269476230 |title=Tom Cruise is Digger Rockwell |user=WarnerBros. |date=December 18, 2025 |access-date=December 18, 2025}}</ref>
* [[Riz Ahmed]] as Ganesh
* [[John Goodman]] as the President of the United States<ref name="WBCinemaCon2026">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/digger-tom-cruise-alejandro-inarritu-cinemacon-1236860361/ |title=Tom Cruise in the House! Alejandro G. Iñárritu Touts Star's Transformative 'Digger' Turn at CinemaCon: 'Another Kind of Fearless' |last=Grobar |first=Matt |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=April 14, 2026 |access-date=April 15, 2026}}</ref>
* [[Sandra Hüller]]
* [[Michael Stuhlbarg]]
* [[Jesse Plemons]]
* [[Robert John Burke]]
* [[Emma D'Arcy]]
* [[Burn Gorman]]
* [[Sophie Wilde]]
* [[Pip Torrens]]
* Mercedes Hernández as Digger's [[Housekeeper (domestic worker)|housekeeper]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mercedes Hernández, del Ariel al set con Tom Cruise |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/mercedes-hernandez-del-ariel-al-set-con-tom-cruise/ |access-date=2026-04-26 |website=El Universal |language=es|date=April 25, 2026|last=Ortiz|first=César Huerta}}</ref>

== Notes and References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

Digger (2026 film)

2026-07-15T07:20:43Z

Adarshatva:

Digger (2026 film)

2026-07-15T07:18:30Z

Adarshatva: Added content

Digger (2026 film)

2026-07-15T07:14:01Z

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Template:Portal/doc

2026-07-14T09:10:06Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{#ifeq: {{{type|}}} | module || {{documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} {{lua|Module:Portal}}  This {{{type|template}}} produces a box with links to a portal or to multiple portals. It is most often used in the "See also" section of an article. '''If a portal does not exist, then it will not be displayed'''. As..."

{{#ifeq: {{{type|}}} | module ||
{{documentation subpage}}
{{high-use}}
{{lua|Module:Portal}}

This {{{type|template}}} produces a box with links to a [[Portal:Contents/Portals|portal]] or to multiple portals. It is most often used in the "See also" section of an article. '''If a portal does not exist, then it will not be displayed'''. As of December 11, 2021 (UTC), this portal template is now mobile-friendly, meaning that the portal links will appear on mobile devices.
}}
== Usage ==
{{Portal{{\sandbox}} |Canada | Biography |History |Science}}

'''Basic usage'''
<div style="overflow:auto">
{{{{#ifeq: {{{type|}}} | module | #invoke:Portal|portal | Portal }} |''Portal 1'' |''Portal 2'' |''Portal 3'' |... }}
</div>

== Location ==
Within articles, {{#ifeq: {{{type|}}} | module | the output of the portal function | this template }} is meant to be placed at the top of the article's ''See also'' section. If there is no ''See also'' section, you may put it in the ''External links'' section instead, if other external links are in the article. Do not create an "External links" section [[WP:LAYOUTEL|just for this box]]: if there is no ''External links'' section, consider using {{tl|Portal bar}} at the end of the article. If using {{tl|Portal bar}}, considering combining it with links to [[WP:SISTER|sister projects]] via {{tl|Subject bar}}.

There are no particular rules about the placement of portals on other kinds of pages.

== Image ==
The portal image names are stored in subpages of [[Module:Portal/images]], organised by the first letter of the portal name. For example, the first letter of [[Portal:Feminism]] is "F", so the image name is stored at [[Module:Portal/images/f]]. If there is an entry for a portal on the correct page then the corresponding image will be shown next to the portal link. If no image is found then [[:File:Portal-puzzle.svg]] will be shown instead.

It is also possible to specify aliases for portal images. For example, the code {{tlx|Portal|Detroit}} produces the same image as the code {{tlx|Portal|Metro Detroit}}. The "Detroit" alias is found on the page [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]].

The image-detection algorithm is case-insensitive. For example, the code {{tlx|Portal|Detroit}} will produce the same image as the code {{tlx|Portal|detroit}} (although the portal links will be different). Portal names are stored in lower case in the image subpages, and input is converted to lower case before being checked.

To add new images to the list, please [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Portal&action=edit&preload=Template:Edit_protected/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=edit%20template-protected&preloadparams%5b%5d=&editintro=Template:Edit_protected/editintro&preloadtitle=Image+edit+request+on+{{CURRENTDAY}}+{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}+{{CURRENTYEAR}}&section=new make a protected edit request at Template talk:Portal] to get an administrator to edit the correct subpage for you. Portal images must be either in the public domain or available under a [[WP:ICTIC|free license]] that allows commercial reuse and derivative works; [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|fair-use]] images are not acceptable. The template {{tl|Portal icon demonstration}} may be of use when deciding whether an image is suitable for use as a portal icon; it formats an image using the same size and style that the {{tl|Portal}} template uses by default.

A list of portals and aliases of portals without icons can be found at [[:Category:Portal templates with default image]].

{{Collapse top|List of image subpages}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Page !! Description
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/a]] || For portal names starting with "A".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/b]] || For portal names starting with "B".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/c]] || For portal names starting with "C".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/d]] || For portal names starting with "D".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/e]] || For portal names starting with "E".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/f]] || For portal names starting with "F".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/g]] || For portal names starting with "G".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/h]] || For portal names starting with "H".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/i]] || For portal names starting with "I".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/j]] || For portal names starting with "J".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/k]] || For portal names starting with "K".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/l]] || For portal names starting with "L".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/m]] || For portal names starting with "M".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/n]] || For portal names starting with "N".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/o]] || For portal names starting with "O".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/p]] || For portal names starting with "P".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/q]] || For portal names starting with "Q".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/r]] || For portal names starting with "R".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/s]] || For portal names starting with "S".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/t]] || For portal names starting with "T".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/u]] || For portal names starting with "U".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/v]] || For portal names starting with "V".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/w]] || For portal names starting with "W".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/x]] || For portal names starting with "X".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/y]] || For portal names starting with "Y".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/z]] || For portal names starting with "Z".
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/other]] || For portal names starting with any other letters. This includes numbers, letters with diacritics, and letters in non-Latin alphabets.
|-
| [[Module:Portal/images/aliases]] || For adding aliases for existing portal names. Use this page for variations in spelling and diacritics, etc., no matter what letter the portal begins with.
|}
{{Collapse bottom}}

== Example ==
The box on the right format with small text can incorporate multiple portals.

'''Box'''

{{Portal{{\sandbox}}|Canada}}
{{tlx|Portal|Canada}}

{{Portal{{\sandbox}}|Canada|Example|tracking=no}}
{{tlx|Portal|Canada|Example}}

{{-}}
Inline format for the left side with normal sized text; See [[Template:Portal-inline]] for a listing of parameters.

'''Inline '''
* {{tlx|Portal-inline|Canada}}
* {{Portal-inline|Canada}}

Inline format for the right side with normal sized text: See [[Template:Portal]] for more information.
{{Portal{{\sandbox}}|border=no|Canada}}
* {{tlx|Portal|border{{=}}no|Canada}}

{{-}}
'''Bar'''

The bar format is normally used for multiple portals. This template does not belong in the "See also" section. Per [[MOS:SECTIONORDER]], this template is bottom matter and goes below standard navigation templates.

{{Tlx|Portal bar|Canada|Example|<nowiki>border=no</nowiki>}}

{{Portal bar|Canada|Example|border=no|tracking=no}}

== Parameters ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Value !! Description
|-
| <code>'''1'''</code>, <code>'''2'''</code>, <code>'''3'''</code> ... || The portal name, e.g. <code>Literature</code> || The positional parameters specify the portals to be displayed.
|-
| <code>'''left'''</code> || <code>yes</code> || If set to <code>yes</code>, the portal appears on the left side of the page instead of the right.
|-
| <code>'''margin'''</code> || CSS margin value, e.g. <code>1.2em 3em 0.5em 1em</code> || This allows you to set a custom margin. All valid CSS margin values are accepted.
|-
| <code>'''break'''</code> || <code>yes</code> || If set to <code>yes</code>, a line break is inserted after the portal name and before the word ''portal''.
|-
| <code>'''redlinks'''</code> || Any of the following values: <code>yes</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>true</code>, or <code>include</code> || Redlinks will be displayed. The default is to suppress redlinks.
|-
| <code>'''nominimum'''</code> || Any of the following values: <code>yes</code>, <code>y</code>, or <code>true</code> || Suppresses the warning if no parameters are supplied. This can be useful when Template:Portal is called by another template.
|-
| <code>'''border'''</code> || Any of the following values: <code>no</code>, <code>n</code>, or <code>false</code> || Turn off border and background
|-
| <code>'''tracking'''</code> || Any of the following values: <code>no</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>false</code> || Tracking categories will be suppressed. The default is to use tracking categories, except on certain namespaces and on pagenames which contain "/archive", "/doc" or "/test".
|}

== Error tracking ==
If the {{{type|template}}} is used incorrectly, the page will be added to a tracking category.

The tracking categories are not applied if any of the following is true:
# Tracking is specially disabled for that usage. This is done by setting the optional parameter {{para|tracking}} to any the following values: <code><nowiki>no</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>n</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>false</nowiki></code>
# the template is used on a page in any of these namespaces: Talk, User, User talk, Wikipedia talk, File talk, Template talk, Category talk, Portal talk, Draft, Draft talk, Module talk
# The title page on which the template is used includes any of the following case-insensitive strings: "/archive", "/doc", "/test"
* {{clc|Portal templates with too few portals}}
* {{clc|Portal templates with too many portals}}
* {{clc|Portal templates with redlinked portals}}
* {{clc|Pages with empty portal template}}
* {{clc|Portal templates with default image}}
:{{Purge page|''Purge page to update totals''}}

{{#ifeq: {{{type|}}} | module ||

== See also ==

* [[Wikipedia:Contents/Portals|List of portals]]
* {{Tl|Subject bar}}
{{Portal template list}}

==TemplateData==
{{Collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}}
{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}
<TemplateData>
{
"description": "A template to create a list of portals",
"params": {
"1": {
"label": "Portal (1)",
"description": "Inserts the portal image and text. Further portals can be added to the template by increasing the number",
"type": "string",
"required": true
},
"2": {
"label": "Portal (2)",
"description": "Inserts the portal image and text",
"type": "string"
},
"3": {
"label": "Portal (3)",
"inherits": "2"
},
"4": {
"label": "Portal (4)",
"inherits": "3"
},
"5": {
"label": "Portal (5)",
"inherits": "4"
},
"6": {
"label": "Portal (6)",
"inherits": "5"
},
"left": {
"label": "Side",
"description": "If set to yes, the portal appears on the left side of the page instead of the right.",
"type": "string",
"default": "no"
},
"margin": {
"label": "Margin size",
"description": "Alters the margin size. Any valid CSS margin is accepted",
"type": "number"
},
"break": {
"label": "Line break",
"description": "If set to yes, a line break is inserted after the portal name and before the word portal",
"type": "string"
},
"redlink": {
"description": "Allow links to non-existent portals",
"type": "string",
"default": "false"
},
"nominimum": {
"description": "Do not check for at least one portal",
"type": "string",
"default": "false"
},
"border": {
"description": "Put border around portal links",
"type": "string",
"default": "true"
},
"tracking": {
"description": "In case of warning, add to tracking category",
"type": "string",
"default": "true"
},
"type": {}
},
"format": "block"
}
</TemplateData>
{{Collapse bottom}}
*For help with this template, please post a comment on the [[Template_talk:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|template talk page]] with a {{tl2|reply to}} one or more of the {{history||previous editors}}.
<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Internal link templates]]
[[Category:Wikipedia Portal navflags]]
}}</includeonly> <noinclude>
[[Category:Record production portal|Templates]]</noinclude>

}}

Federally Administered Tribal Areas

2026-07-14T09:08:43Z

Adarshatva: /* Notes and References */

{{Short description|1947–2018 semi-autonomous region in Pakistan}}
{{Redirect|FATA}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|وفاق کے زیر انتظام قبائلی علاقہ جات}}}} {{lang|ps|فدرالي قبايلي سيمې}}}}
| conventional_long_name = Federally Administered Tribal Areas
| nation = Pakistan
| subdivision = [[Former administrative units of Pakistan|Former Territory]]
| image_flag = Flag of FATA.svg
| image_coat = File:Coat of arms of FATA.svg
| image_map = Federally Administered Tribal Areas in Pakistan (claims hatched).svg
| image_map_caption = Former Location of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas
| event_start = [[Independence of Pakistan|Established]]
| year_start = 1947
| date_start = 14 August
| year_end = 2018
| date_end = 31 May
| event_end = [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Merged]] into [[Khyber Pakthunkhwa]]
| flag_s1 = Flag of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.svg
| s1 = Merger of tribal areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa{{!}}Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| flag_p1 = Flag of United Kingdom.svg
| p1 = Frontier Crimes Regulation{{!}}British Administrated Tribal Areas
| stat_year1 = 2017
| stat_area1 = 27,220
| stat_pop1 =
| today = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| common_name = FATA
Human Development Index
0.456
}}

'''Federally Administered Tribal Areas''' ('''FATA''') was a [[Autonomous administrative division|semi-autonomous tribal region]] situated in north-western [[Pakistan]], which existed from 1947 until its merger with the neighbouring province of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] in 2018 through the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Twenty-fifth amendment]] to [[Constitution of Pakistan|Pakistan's constitution]]. FATA comprised seven tribal agencies (functioning as districts) and six frontier regions, and was administered directly by the federal government through a special legal framework known as the [[Frontier Crimes Regulations]].

On 24 May 2018, the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] voted in favour of a constitutional amendment to merge FATA with [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], which received [[Senate of Pakistan|Senate]] approval the following day. As this merger would affect the provincial boundaries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the amendment was subsequently presented to and passed by the [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly]] on 27 May 2018 with a majority vote. On 28 May 2018, the [[President of Pakistan]] signed the FATA Interim Governance Regulation, establishing interim administrative arrangements for FATA to govern the territory until its full integration with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa within a two-year timeframe. The [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|25th Amendment]] received final assent from President [[Mamnoon Hussain]] on 31 May 2018, thereby officially merging FATA with [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]].
== Notes and References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

==Read also==
{{Portal|Geography|Asia|Indian subcontinent|Pakistan|}}
*[[Administrative System of the FATA]]
*[[Economy of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas]]
* [[Frontier Regions]]
*[[Provincially Administered Tribal Areas]] (PATA)
*[[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan]]

Federally Administered Tribal Areas

2026-07-14T09:07:15Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Short description|1947–2018 semi-autonomous region in Pakistan}} {{Redirect|FATA}} {{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}} {{Infobox former subdivision | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|وفاق کے زیر انتظام قبائلی علاقہ جات}}}} {{lang|ps|فدرالي قبايلي سيمې}}}} | conventional_long_name = Federally Administered Tribal Areas | nation = Pakistan | subdivisio..."

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:59:02Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = {{flag|Islamic Republic of Pakistan}}
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}
{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of Balochistan Province]]
{{Main|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="width:95%; text-align:center; border:1px solid black"
!Division<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Table 12: Literacy Rate, Enrolment And Out Of School Population By Sex And Rural/Urban 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref>
!Districts<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial cabinet approves three new districts |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/08-Jun-2022/provincial-cabinet-approves-three-new-districts%3fversion=amp |website=www.nation.com|access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>
!Area<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Map
!Capital
|-
! [[Khuzdar Division]]
|
*[[Khuzdar District]]
*[[Kalat District]]
*[[Wadh]] [[District]]
*[[Surab District]]
|{{convert|41,208|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,547,812
|37.5/km2
|39.39%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Khuzdar]]
|-
! [[Lasbela Division]]
|
*[[Awaran District]]
*[[Hub District]]
*[[Lasbela District]]
|{{convert|44,463|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|859,935
|19.3/km2
|39.05%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Lasbela]]
|-
![[Loralai Division]]
|
*[[Loralai District]]
*[[Ziarat District]]
*[[Musakhail District]]
*[[Duki District]]
|{{convert|17,047|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,073,686
|62.98/km2
|43.89%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
! [[Zhob Division]]
|
*[[Zhob District]]
*[[Killa Saifullah District]]
*[[Sherani District]]
|{{convert|27,128|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|957,579
|34.19/km2
|34.33%
|[[File:Zhob Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Zhob]]
|-
! [[Makran Division|Makuran Division]]
|
*[[Gwadar District]]
*[[Kech District]]
*[[Panjgur District]]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tump,_Balochistan&oldid=1342111038 Tump District]
|{{convert|52,067|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,875,872
|36.03/km2
|47.69%
|[[File:Makran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Turbat]]
|-
! [[Naseerabad Division]]
|
*[[Jaffarabad District]]
*[[Jhal Magsi District]]
*[[Nasirabad District]]
*[[Sohbatpur District]]
*[[Usta Muhammad District]]
|{{convert|9,447|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,601,347
|169.5/km2
|34.23%
|[[File:Nasirabad Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
! [[Quetta Division]]
|
*[[Quetta District|Quetta East District]]
*[[Quetta District|Quetta West District]]
*[[Mastung District]]
|{{convert|9,434|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|2,908,763
|308.3/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Quetta]]
|-
! [[Pishin Division]]
|
*[[Killa Abdullah District]]
*[[Pishin District]]
*[[Barshore District]]
*[[Chaman District]]
|{{convert|11,112|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,663,671
|292.55/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]]
|-
! [[Rakhshan Division]]
|
*[[Chagai District]]
*[[Washuk District]]
*[[Nushki District]]
*[[Kharan District]]
|{{convert|98,596|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|940,001
|10.55/km2
|36.84%
|[[File:Rakhshan Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
! [[ Koh-e-Sulaiman Division]]
|
*[[Upper Dera Bugti district|Upper Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Kohlu District]]
*[[Barkhan District]]
|{{convert|14,963|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|635,552
|42.47/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Rakhni]]
|-
! [[Sibi Division|Sevi Division]]
|
*[[Sibi District]]
*[[Kachhi District]]
*[[Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Harnai District]]
|{{convert|15,934|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,046,548
|34.0/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Sibi]]
|}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Template:Country data Islamic Republic of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:58:12Z

Adarshatva: Redirected page to Template:Country data Pakistan

#REDIRECT[[Template:Country data Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:57:24Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = {{flag|Islamic Republic of Pakistan}}
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of Balochistan Province]]
{{Main|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="width:95%; text-align:center; border:1px solid black"
!Division<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Table 12: Literacy Rate, Enrolment And Out Of School Population By Sex And Rural/Urban 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref>
!Districts<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial cabinet approves three new districts |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/08-Jun-2022/provincial-cabinet-approves-three-new-districts%3fversion=amp |website=www.nation.com|access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>
!Area<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Map
!Capital
|-
! [[Khuzdar Division]]
|
*[[Khuzdar District]]
*[[Kalat District]]
*[[Wadh]] [[District]]
*[[Surab District]]
|{{convert|41,208|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,547,812
|37.5/km2
|39.39%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Khuzdar]]
|-
! [[Lasbela Division]]
|
*[[Awaran District]]
*[[Hub District]]
*[[Lasbela District]]
|{{convert|44,463|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|859,935
|19.3/km2
|39.05%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Lasbela]]
|-
![[Loralai Division]]
|
*[[Loralai District]]
*[[Ziarat District]]
*[[Musakhail District]]
*[[Duki District]]
|{{convert|17,047|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,073,686
|62.98/km2
|43.89%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
! [[Zhob Division]]
|
*[[Zhob District]]
*[[Killa Saifullah District]]
*[[Sherani District]]
|{{convert|27,128|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|957,579
|34.19/km2
|34.33%
|[[File:Zhob Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Zhob]]
|-
! [[Makran Division|Makuran Division]]
|
*[[Gwadar District]]
*[[Kech District]]
*[[Panjgur District]]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tump,_Balochistan&oldid=1342111038 Tump District]
|{{convert|52,067|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,875,872
|36.03/km2
|47.69%
|[[File:Makran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Turbat]]
|-
! [[Naseerabad Division]]
|
*[[Jaffarabad District]]
*[[Jhal Magsi District]]
*[[Nasirabad District]]
*[[Sohbatpur District]]
*[[Usta Muhammad District]]
|{{convert|9,447|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,601,347
|169.5/km2
|34.23%
|[[File:Nasirabad Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
! [[Quetta Division]]
|
*[[Quetta District|Quetta East District]]
*[[Quetta District|Quetta West District]]
*[[Mastung District]]
|{{convert|9,434|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|2,908,763
|308.3/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Quetta]]
|-
! [[Pishin Division]]
|
*[[Killa Abdullah District]]
*[[Pishin District]]
*[[Barshore District]]
*[[Chaman District]]
|{{convert|11,112|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,663,671
|292.55/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]]
|-
! [[Rakhshan Division]]
|
*[[Chagai District]]
*[[Washuk District]]
*[[Nushki District]]
*[[Kharan District]]
|{{convert|98,596|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|940,001
|10.55/km2
|36.84%
|[[File:Rakhshan Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
! [[ Koh-e-Sulaiman Division]]
|
*[[Upper Dera Bugti district|Upper Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Kohlu District]]
*[[Barkhan District]]
|{{convert|14,963|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|635,552
|42.47/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Rakhni]]
|-
! [[Sibi Division|Sevi Division]]
|
*[[Sibi District]]
*[[Kachhi District]]
*[[Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Harnai District]]
|{{convert|15,934|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,046,548
|34.0/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Sibi]]
|}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:55:42Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
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| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
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| exofficio3 =
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| population_range =
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| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of Balochistan Province]]
{{Main|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="width:95%; text-align:center; border:1px solid black"
!Division<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Table 12: Literacy Rate, Enrolment And Out Of School Population By Sex And Rural/Urban 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref>
!Districts<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial cabinet approves three new districts |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/08-Jun-2022/provincial-cabinet-approves-three-new-districts%3fversion=amp |website=www.nation.com|access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>
!Area<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Map
!Capital
|-
! [[Khuzdar Division]]
|
*[[Khuzdar District]]
*[[Kalat District]]
*[[Wadh]] [[District]]
*[[Surab District]]
|{{convert|41,208|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,547,812
|37.5/km2
|39.39%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Khuzdar]]
|-
! [[Lasbela Division]]
|
*[[Awaran District]]
*[[Hub District]]
*[[Lasbela District]]
|{{convert|44,463|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|859,935
|19.3/km2
|39.05%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Lasbela]]
|-
![[Loralai Division]]
|
*[[Loralai District]]
*[[Ziarat District]]
*[[Musakhail District]]
*[[Duki District]]
|{{convert|17,047|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,073,686
|62.98/km2
|43.89%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
! [[Zhob Division]]
|
*[[Zhob District]]
*[[Killa Saifullah District]]
*[[Sherani District]]
|{{convert|27,128|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|957,579
|34.19/km2
|34.33%
|[[File:Zhob Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Zhob]]
|-
! [[Makran Division|Makuran Division]]
|
*[[Gwadar District]]
*[[Kech District]]
*[[Panjgur District]]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tump,_Balochistan&oldid=1342111038 Tump District]
|{{convert|52,067|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,875,872
|36.03/km2
|47.69%
|[[File:Makran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Turbat]]
|-
! [[Naseerabad Division]]
|
*[[Jaffarabad District]]
*[[Jhal Magsi District]]
*[[Nasirabad District]]
*[[Sohbatpur District]]
*[[Usta Muhammad District]]
|{{convert|9,447|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,601,347
|169.5/km2
|34.23%
|[[File:Nasirabad Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
! [[Quetta Division]]
|
*[[Quetta District|Quetta East District]]
*[[Quetta District|Quetta West District]]
*[[Mastung District]]
|{{convert|9,434|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|2,908,763
|308.3/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Quetta]]
|-
! [[Pishin Division]]
|
*[[Killa Abdullah District]]
*[[Pishin District]]
*[[Barshore District]]
*[[Chaman District]]
|{{convert|11,112|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,663,671
|292.55/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]]
|-
! [[Rakhshan Division]]
|
*[[Chagai District]]
*[[Washuk District]]
*[[Nushki District]]
*[[Kharan District]]
|{{convert|98,596|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|940,001
|10.55/km2
|36.84%
|[[File:Rakhshan Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
! [[ Koh-e-Sulaiman Division]]
|
*[[Upper Dera Bugti district|Upper Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Kohlu District]]
*[[Barkhan District]]
|{{convert|14,963|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|635,552
|42.47/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Rakhni]]
|-
! [[Sibi Division|Sevi Division]]
|
*[[Sibi District]]
*[[Kachhi District]]
*[[Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Harnai District]]
|{{convert|15,934|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,046,548
|34.0/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Sibi]]
|}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:55:09Z

Adarshatva: /* Balochistan */

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of Balochistan Province]]
{{Main|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Balochistan

2026-07-14T08:54:23Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}} {{Infobox subdivision type | name = Divisions of Balochistan बलोचिस्तान के मण्डल | alt_name = | alt_name1 = | alt_name2 = | alt_name3 = | map = File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg | caption = Colors correspond to divisions of Balochistan | category = Second-level administrative subdivisions | territory = Pakistan | upper_unit = Balochistan, Pakistan|Baloc..."

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Balochistan बलोचिस्तान के मण्डल
| alt_name =
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg
| caption = Colors correspond to divisions of Balochistan
| category = Second-level administrative subdivisions
| territory = [[Pakistan]]
| upper_unit = [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = 10
| number_date = 2026
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range = Greatest: [[Quetta Division|Quetta]] — 4,259,163 (2023 census) Least: [[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]] — 9,40,001 (2023 census)
| area_range = Largest: [[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]] — {{convert|98,596|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} Smallest: [[Quetta Division|Quetta]] —{{convert|14,559|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| government = Divisional Administration
| subdivision = [[Districts of Balochistan|Districts]]
| subdivision1 = [[List of tehsils of Balochistan|Tehsils]]
| subdivision2 = [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

The '''divisions of Balochistan''' are the first-order [[administrative divisions|administrative bodies]] of the [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] province of Pakistan. In total, there are 11 divisions, which are further divided into districts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1632216|title=New division, two districts created in Balochistan|website=www.dawn.com|date=30 June 2021 |access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>

==List of divisions==
In Pakistan, the [[Divisions of Pakistan|division]] is the administrative unit, which is higher in hierarchy than a district, but lower in hierarchy than a [[Administrative units of Pakistan|province]].

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="width:95%; text-align:center; border:1px solid black"
!Division<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Table 12: Literacy Rate, Enrolment And Out Of School Population By Sex And Rural/Urban 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref>
!Districts<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial cabinet approves three new districts |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/08-Jun-2022/provincial-cabinet-approves-three-new-districts%3fversion=amp |website=www.nation.com|access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>
!Area<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Map
!Capital
|-
! [[Khuzdar Division]]
|
*[[Khuzdar District]]
*[[Kalat District]]
*[[Wadh]] [[District]]
*[[Surab District]]
|{{convert|41,208|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,547,812
|37.5/km2
|39.39%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Khuzdar]]
|-
! [[Lasbela Division]]
|
*[[Awaran District]]
*[[Hub District]]
*[[Lasbela District]]
|{{convert|44,463|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|859,935
|19.3/km2
|39.05%
|[[File:Qalat Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Lasbela]]
|-
![[Loralai Division]]
|
*[[Loralai District]]
*[[Ziarat District]]
*[[Musakhail District]]
*[[Duki District]]
|{{convert|17,047|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,073,686
|62.98/km2
|43.89%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
! [[Zhob Division]]
|
*[[Zhob District]]
*[[Killa Saifullah District]]
*[[Sherani District]]
|{{convert|27,128|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|957,579
|34.19/km2
|34.33%
|[[File:Zhob Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Zhob]]
|-
! [[Makran Division|Makuran Division]]
|
*[[Gwadar District]]
*[[Kech District]]
*[[Panjgur District]]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tump,_Balochistan&oldid=1342111038 Tump District]
|{{convert|52,067|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,875,872
|36.03/km2
|47.69%
|[[File:Makran Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Turbat]]
|-
! [[Naseerabad Division]]
|
*[[Jaffarabad District]]
*[[Jhal Magsi District]]
*[[Nasirabad District]]
*[[Sohbatpur District]]
*[[Usta Muhammad District]]
|{{convert|9,447|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,601,347
|169.5/km2
|34.23%
|[[File:Nasirabad Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
! [[Quetta Division]]
|
*[[Quetta District|Quetta East District]]
*[[Quetta District|Quetta West District]]
*[[Mastung District]]
|{{convert|9,434|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|2,908,763
|308.3/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Quetta]]
|-
! [[Pishin Division]]
|
*[[Killa Abdullah District]]
*[[Pishin District]]
*[[Barshore District]]
*[[Chaman District]]
|{{convert|11,112|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,663,671
|292.55/km2
|51.68%
|[[File:Quetta Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Pishin, Pakistan|Pishin]]
|-
! [[Rakhshan Division]]
|
*[[Chagai District]]
*[[Washuk District]]
*[[Nushki District]]
*[[Kharan District]]
|{{convert|98,596|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|940,001
|10.55/km2
|36.84%
|[[File:Rakhshan Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
! [[ Koh-e-Sulaiman Division]]
|
*[[Upper Dera Bugti district|Upper Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Kohlu District]]
*[[Barkhan District]]
|{{convert|14,963|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|635,552
|42.47/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Rakhni]]
|-
! [[Sibi Division|Sevi Division]]
|
*[[Sibi District]]
*[[Kachhi District]]
*[[Dera Bugti District]]
*[[Harnai District]]
|{{convert|15,934|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|1,046,548
|34.0/km2
|34.70%
|[[File:Sibi Division, Balochistan, Pakistan.png|200px|center]]
|[[Sibi]]
|}

==List of divisions by population over the years==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+
!Division
!Pop.
2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/balochistan/pcr/table_1.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Pop.
2017
!Pop.
1998
!Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
|-
|[[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|2,721,018
|2,509,230
|1,443,727
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|1,152,400
|898,209
|309,748
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Makran Division|Makran]]
|1,875,872
|1,489,015
|832,753
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Nasirabad Division|Naseerabad]]
|2,044,021
|1,591,144
|988,109
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|4,259,163
|4,174,562
|1,713,952
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|9,40,001
|737,162
|409,473
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|1,156,748
|1,038,010
|630,901
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|957,579
|806,238
|468,695
|361,647
|171,989
|...
|...
|}

== Proposed Division ==
* Chaghi Division

== Notes and References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

===References ===
{{Reflist}}
== Read also==
* [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan]]
* [[List of tehsils of Balochistan|Tehsils of Balochistan]]
* [[Divisions of Pakistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]

{{Pakistan topics}}
[[Category:Divisions of Pakistan|B]]
[[Category:Divisions of Balochistan, Pakistan|*]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:51:49Z

Adarshatva: /* Balochistan */

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of the Province of Balochistan]]
{{Main|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:51:06Z

Adarshatva: /* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa */

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of the Province of Balochistan]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Main|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:50:34Z

Adarshatva: /* Sindh */

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of the Province of Balochistan]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Main|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Template:Excerpt/doc

2026-07-14T08:47:38Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "{{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{never subst}} {{Lua|Module:Excerpt}} This template is used for reusing parts of pages in other pages. This practice has various advantages and disadvantages. This template extends the capabilities of the built-in normal transclusion and labeled section transclusion. == Usage == * <code><nowiki>{{Excerpt|Page title}}</nowiki></code> –..."

{{High-use}}
{{Documentation subpage}}
{{never subst}}
{{Lua|Module:Excerpt}}
This template is used for reusing parts of pages in other pages. This practice has various [[#Advantages and disadvantages|advantages and disadvantages]].

This template extends the capabilities of the built-in [[Help:Transclusion|normal transclusion]] and [[Help:Labeled section transclusion|labeled section transclusion]].

== Usage ==

* <code><nowiki>{{Excerpt|Page title}}</nowiki></code> – Transclude the lead section ([[Africa#Architecture|example]])
* <code><nowiki>{{Excerpt|Page title|Section title}}</nowiki></code> – Transclude a specific section, excluding any subsections ([[Eating#Mammals|example]])

== Parameters ==

There is one required parameter, and numerous optional ones for configuring the excerpt:

=== Summary ===

'''Source identification'''

* {{para|1}} – Name of the article or page to transclude. '''Required.''' Aliases: {{para|article}} or {{para|page}}.
* {{para|2}} – Name of the section or tag to transclude. Optional; if omitted, transcludes the lead section (content above the first section header). Aliases: {{para|section}} or {{para|fragment}}.

'''Transclusion config'''

Transcludable content is defined as one of several ''element types'': {{pval|file}}, {{pval|list}}, {{pval|paragraph}}, {{pval|reference}}, {{pval|subsection}}, {{pval|table}}, or {{pval|template}}.
Config parameters specify which ''element type'' to transclude, and in some cases, ''how many'' and ''which'' items of that type to transclude. All config parameters are optional; if omitted, all items of all element types are transcluded from the source page identified by the two unnamed parameters. Some element types support conditional item transclusion by specifying an item number range (1-3) or comma series (1, 2, 5); these types include: files, lists, paragraphs, and tables.

There are ten optional transclusion configuration parameters:

* {{para|only}} – Element types to transclude. Values: {{pval|file(s)}}, {{pval|list(s)}}, {{pval|table(s)}}, {{pval|template(s)}}, {{pval|paragraph(s)}}. Default: all element types.
* {{para|files}} – [[WP:FILE|Files]] to transclude. Default: all files. Same basic syntax as {{para|paragraphs}}, but see {{slink||Details}}.
** {{para|onlyfreefiles|no}} – Enables transclusion of [[WP:Non-free content|non-free files]]. Default: exclude non-free content.
* {{para|lists}} – Lists ([[MOS:LIST#Bulleted lists|bulleted]], [[MOS:LIST#Numbered lists|numbered]]) to transclude. Default: all lists. Same syntax as for {{para|paragraphs}}.
* {{para|paragraphs}} – [[H:PARAGRAPH|Paragraphs]] to transclude. Default: all paragraphs.
* {{para|references|no}} – Exclude all [[WP:REF|references]] between <code><nowiki><ref>...</ref></nowiki></code> tags.
* {{para|subsections|yes}} – Include [[MOS:SECTIONS|subsections]] of the transcluded section. Default: only content above the first subsection header.
* {{para|tables}} – [[Help:Table|Tables]] to transclude. Default: all tables. Same basic syntax as {{para|paragraphs}}, but see {{slink||Details}}.
* {{para|templates}} – [[Help:Template|Templates]] to transclude. By default all templates are transcluded, except those blacklisted at [[Module:Excerpt/config]]. See {{slink||Details}} for how to specify a specific template or templates for inclusion or exclusion.

'''Style and extra features'''

These optional parameters alter the way transcluded items are displayed:

* {{para|bold|yes}} – Preserve '''bold''' text.
* {{para|briefdates|yes}} – Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format
* {{para|displaytitle}} – Change the text of the link in the hatnote. For example, [[WP:ITHAT|add italics]], subscripts, etc.
* {{para|hat|no}} – Hide the [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] "This section is an excerpt from..."
* {{para|inline|yes}} – Remove the <code><nowiki><div></nowiki></code> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text, or to add references or other content after it [[#Suppress line breaks between paragraphs|with no paragraph break]] between them. Also hides the hatnote; to reestablish it, use {{tl|transclusion notice}} above the Excerpt invocation.
* {{para|links|no}} – Unlink all [[H:WIKILINK|wikilinks]] and render as plain text.
* {{para|quote|yes}} – Wrap the excerpt with <code><nowiki><blockquote></nowiki></code> tags.
* {{para|this}} – Change the initial text of the hatnote. For example, if the transcluded content is a gallery, you can set {{para|this|This gallery is}} so that the hatnote reads "This gallery is an excerpt from..."

=== Details ===

* {{para|1}} or {{para|article}} or {{para|page}}
*: By default the lead section is transcluded ([[Africa#Water|example]]). If the page contains an infobox, the image and caption of the infobox will be transcluded (unless {{para|files|0}} is set). Also, templates listed at [[Module:Excerpt/config]] will not be transcluded (unless requested explicitly with {{para|templates}}, see below).
* {{para|2}} or {{para|section}} or {{para|fragment}}
*: Name of the section to transclude ([[Eating#Mammals|example]]) or of the <code><nowiki><section></nowiki></code> tag to transclude ([[Axiom Space#Ax-1|example]]). In the case of a section tag, the section must be marked with <code><nowiki><section begin="Name of the fragment" /></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><section end="Name of the fragment" /></nowiki></code> in the page to be transcluded. Notice that this template provides other ways of targeting specific fragments of a page without having to resort to section tags.
* {{para|only}}
*: The ''element type'' to transclude, excluding all other types. By default all element types are transcluded. Param {{para|only}} is an exclusionary param, and excludes all other types of elements, except the one you name, so that for example, specifying {{para|only|paragraphs}} excludes all lists, tables, templates, and so on. Param values can be in the singular (e.g., {{para|only|paragraph}}) or plural (e.g., {{para|only|paragraphs}}) and mean different things: in the singular, only the first item of that element type is transcluded; in the plural, all items are.
*:* {{para|only|file}} – Transclude only the first file (but no lists, paragraphs, tables, etc.)
*:* {{para|only|files}} – Transclude all files (but nothing else)
*:* {{para|only|filename}} – Transclude only the file name (Example.jpg) of the first file (and nothing else). If no file is found, "Noimage.png" will be returned.
*:* {{para|only|list}} – Transclude only the first list, exclude all other element types
*:* {{para|only|lists}} – Transclude all lists (but nothing else)
*:* {{para|only|table}} – Transclude only the first table, exclude all other element types. Does not transclude table templates, use {{para|templates}} for that.
*:* {{para|only|tables}} – Transclude all tables (but nothing else) ([[JKT48#Singles|example]])
*:* {{para|only|template}} – Transclude only the first template (excluding templates blacklisted at [[Module:Excerpt/config]], as well as all other element types)
*:* {{para|only|templates}} – Transclude all templates (excluding blacklisted templates) (but nothing else)
*:* {{para|only|paragraph}} – Transclude only the first paragraph, exclude all other element types
*:* {{para|only|paragraphs}} – Transclude all paragraphs (but nothing else)
* {{para|files}}
*: An ''element item'' param, defining which files, such as images and other media, to transclude. Default: all files.
*:* {{para|files|0}} – Transclude no files
*:* {{para|files|A.jpg}} – Transclude the file named 'A.jpg'
*:* {{para|files|A.jpg, B.png, C.gif}} – Transclude the files named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
*:* {{para|files|.+%.png}} – Transclude all PNG files
*:* {{para|files|-A.jpg}} – Transclude all files except the one named 'A.jpg'
*:* {{para|files|-A.jpg, B.png, C.gif}} – Transclude all files except the ones named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
*:* {{para|files|-.+%.png}} – Transclude all non-PNG files
* {{para|paragraphs}}
*: An ''element item'' param, defining which paragraphs to transclude. By default all paragraphs are transcluded.
*:* {{para|paragraphs|0}} – Transclude no paragraphs
*:* {{para|paragraphs|1}} – Transclude the first paragraph
*:* {{para|paragraphs|2}} – Transclude the second paragraph
*:* {{para|paragraphs|1,3}} – Transclude the first and third paragraphs
*:* {{para|paragraphs|1-3}} – Transclude the first, second and third paragraphs
*:* {{para|paragraphs|1-3,5}} – Transclude the first, second, third and fifth paragraphs
*:* {{para|paragraphs|-1}} – Transclude all paragraphs except the first
*:* {{para|paragraphs|-2}} – Transclude all paragraphs except the second
*:* {{para|paragraphs|-1,3}} – Transclude all paragraphs except the first and third
*:* {{para|paragraphs|-1-3}} – Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second and third
*:* {{para|paragraphs|-1-3,5}} – Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second, third and fifth
* {{para|subsections|yes}}
*: An ''element item'' param, defining which subsections of the source to transclude. Default: only the portion of the source lying above the first subsection header. Notice that if the transclusion is done from a section level 3 in the transcluding page, and the transcluded subsections are also level 3, then transcluded subsections will show with the same hierarchy as the transcluding section, which may not be the desired outcome, so use with caution.
* {{para|tables}}
*: An ''element item'' param, defining which tables to transclude. Default: all tables. Does not transclude table templates just above the tables. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
*:* {{para|tables|Stats2020}} – Transclude the table with id 'Stats2020'
*:* {{para|tables|Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018}} – Transclude the tables with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
*:* {{para|tables|-Stats2020}} – Transclude all tables except the one with id 'Stats2020'
*:* {{para|tables|-Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018}} – Transclude all tables except the ones with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
* {{para|templates}}
*: An ''element item'' param, defining which templates to transclude. Default: all templates except those blacklisted at [[Module:Excerpt/config]]. Using a hyphen (minus sign) before a comma-delimited list of templates excludes those templates from transclusion.
*:* {{para|templates|-Ocean}} – Add the template 'Ocean' to the blacklist
*:* {{para|templates|-Ocean, Nature}} – Add the templates 'Ocean' and 'Nature' to the blacklist
*:* {{para|templates|Infobox person}} – Ignore the blacklist and transclude the template 'Infobox person'
*:* {{para|templates|Infobox person, Ocean}} – Ignore the blacklist and transclude the templates 'Infobox person' and 'Ocean'
*:* {{para|templates|.*}} – Ignore the blacklist and transclude all templates

== Tips and how-to ==

=== Compared to #section ===

{{Further|Help:Transclusion#Standard section transclusion}}

For simple cases of transcluding sections of articles, the {{pf|section}}, {{pf|section-x}}, and {{pf|section-h}} (abbreviated {{pf|lst}}, {{pf|lstx}}, and {{pf|lsth}})) parser functions can be used instead of this template. {{pf|lsth|''article''|''fragmentname''}} will transclude the section of "''article''" with the header "''fragmentname''", and {{pf|lsth|''article''}} will transclude the lead section of "''article''". Excerpting only specific paragraphs can be done by marking up the source article with <code><nowiki><section begin=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/>...<section end=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/></nowiki></code> tags and using {{pf|lst|''article''|''fragmentname''}} to transclude those fragments, which is equivalent to using the {{para|fragment|''fragmentname''}} parameter with this template. {{pf|lsth|''article''|''fragmentname''}} can also be used to transclude everything ''but'' those fragments.

The text will not be trimmed of excess whitespace, there will not be a header (equivalent to {{para|hat|no}}), and all files, templates, tables, references, and subsections will be included unless the source article is marked up with <code><nowiki><section begin=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/>...<section end=</nowiki>''<nowiki>fragmentname</nowiki>''<nowiki>/></nowiki></code>, {{tag|noinclude}}, or {{tag|onlyinclude}} tags. [[Help:Self link|Self links]] will appear in bold.

=== Citations ===

==== Differing styles ====

{{Further|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Variation in citation methods}}

It can happen that the source you want to excerpt contains footnotes in a [[WP:CITEVAR|different citation style]] than your article, and excerpting the source would cause a citation style mismatch, which is contrary to the guideline on [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing sources]]. Sometimes, excerpt can still be used, while avoiding a mismatch in style, by the use of params {{para|references|no}} and {{para|inline|yes}}.

If the source you want to excerpt has multiple ref-tags interspersed throughout the source, and they need to display exactly in those locations in order to maintain full [[WP:V|verifiability]], then this source might not be a good candidate for transclusion via the {{tl|excerpt}} template, and [[WP:CWW|copying the content]] from the source into the article might be a better choice.

However, you can still use the Excerpt template, if the source page you want to excerpt meets '''either''' of these conditions:
* references are found mostly or all at the end of the text to be excerpted; or
* references are scattered throughout, but could legitimately be regrouped at the end of the excerpt without adversely affecting [[WP:V|verifiability]].
In either case, use params {{para|references|no}} to strip the ref-tags from the transcluded content, and {{para|inline|yes}} to define the excerpt as an [[HTML element#Inline elements|inline display element]] in order to {{slink||Suppress line breaks between paragraphs}}, and then manually append a copy of all the citations in the source immediately after the excerpt tag ending curly braces in the target article, with no intervening line breaks, white space, or other characters between the tag and the appended references. The copied references will have to be manually converted from [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Short and full citations|short footnote-style to full, inline citation-style]], or vice-versa, to match the citation style of the target. '''Note:''' citations are not creative content, and [[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia#Where attribution is not needed|attribution is not needed]] for copying them.

==== Another approach ====

It is advised to seek consensus before attempting this layout change.

If there are few shortened footnotes, a new subsection can be added to the "References" section to allow {{tl|sfn}} to link to the correct citations. Here is one approach, where the {{tl|sfn}} citations list in the excerpted article "SCBA" is titled "Works cited":

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" highlight="7-8">
== Transcluded section ==
{{excerpt|SCBA}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== From SCBA ===
{{excerpt|SCBA|Works cited|hat=0}}
</syntaxhighlight>

{{tl|sfn}} footnotes will now link to the citations created in the excerpted subsection.

==== Ref name collision ====

To prevent the possibility of collisions between [[WP:NAMEDREFS|named references]] in the transcluding and excerpted pages which would otherwise generate a [[Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key|duplicate key error]], all ref names in the excerpted content are altered by prefixing the name with the pagename of the excerpted page. Thus, if the ref on page {{kbd|MyArticle}} looks like <code><nowiki><ref name="Jones-2024"></nowiki></code>, then when excerpted by {{kbd|TargetPage}} it will be changed to <code><nowiki><ref name="MyArticle Jones-2024"></nowiki></code>, in order to avoid a collision with a possible "Jones-2024" ref already on the target page.

=== Excerpt trees ===

[[File:Excerpt tree.png|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Visual representation of an imaginary excerpt tree.]]

When a very general article uses excerpts from more specific articles, which in turn use excerpts from even more specific articles, then a [[tree structure]] emerges, called an "Excerpt tree".

Here you can navigate the main excerpt trees on the English Wikipedia. It's useful for editors interested in expanding or improving them. To navigate the trees, click the following button<abbr title="{{Int:gadgets-sister}}">(S)</abbr>:

{{Clickable button|url={{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}#Excerpt trees|withJS=MediaWiki:ExcerptTree.js}} |2=See the excerpt trees}}

<div class="ExcerptTree" style="display: none;">

* [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]]
* [[Algae]]
* [[Africa]]
* [[Aquatic ecosystem]]
* [[Bangladesh]]
* [[Campanology]]
* [[Climate change in Africa]]
* [[Climate change in South Asia]]
* [[Climate justice]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic]]
* [[Ecosystem]]
** [[Aquatic ecosystem]]
* [[Effects of climate change on humans]]
* [[Environmental impact of agriculture]]
* [[Eutrophication]]
* [[Fishing industry]]
* [[Food]]
* [[God]]
** [[Existence of God]]
* [[Hygiene]]
* [[List of carillons]]
* [[List of LGBT-related cases in the United States Supreme Court]]
* [[Marine debris]]
* [[Middle East]]
* [[Ocean]]
* [[Plastic pollution]]
* [[Public health]]
* [[Sanitation]]
* [[Sewage]]
* [[Sustainable Development Goals]]
* [[Tourism]]
* [[Wastewater treatment]]
* [[Water resources]]

</div>

=== Refinement using inclusion control ===

{{Further|Help:Template#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude}}

Sometimes, a passage will almost fit for a transclusion, but not quite. In these cases, you can edit the source page to add <code><nowiki><noinclude>...</noinclude></nowiki></code> tags around content you don't want in the excerpt and <code><nowiki><includeonly>...</includeonly></nowiki></code> tags around content you want only in the excerpt.

For instance, the page [[COVID-19 misinformation]] begins with "The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has resulted in [[misinformation]]...". However, when excerpting this lead to the misinformation section of [[COVID-19 pandemic]], we don't need to specify which pandemic we're referring to. Therefore, the code <code><nowiki>The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]]</nowiki></code> can be used at the misinformation page, so that it will appear at the pandemic page as "The pandemic has resulted in [[misinformation]]...".

For pages with a high volume of edits, it may be a good idea to leave a hidden comment explaining why the tags are there, so that no one will be [[WP:FENCE|tempted]] to remove them, like so: <code><nowiki>The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]]</nowiki></code>

Please note that when the <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> tag is wrapped into a new line, a character next to it would be interpreted as a line beginning. This can lead to some formatting problems. For example, when a <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> at line beginning is succeeded by a [[whitespace character]], the page engine would translate this as a [[Help:Wikitext#Limiting formatting / escaping wiki markup|leading space]] that renders the subsequent paragraph in [[code block]] and [[monospaced font]] with preserved formatting. For this reason, no spaces should separate the <code><nowiki></noinclude></nowiki></code> tag from the text it precedes.

=== Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article ===

[[File:How to excerpt.webm|thumb|How to replace a section with an excerpt.]]

A section is often a [[WP:Summary style|summary]] in a [[WP:G#Parent article|parent article]] of a more detailed page about a subtopic located in a [[WP:G#child page|child page]]; these are generally linked with [[Template:Main]] in the parent. Sometimes it's convenient to replace the content of such a summary section in the parent with an excerpt of the child page lead (after merging any valuable content of the section into the child page). In such cases, an efficient way to proceed is:

# Open the parent section for editing in one tab, and the child article in another.
# Copy the text of the parent section and append it to the lead section of the child page.
# Consolidate and adjust the combined lead using common sense.
# Save the changes in the child article with an [[WP:ES|edit summary]] like: "{{xt|<nowiki>Copied content from [[Page]]. See that article's history for attribution."</nowiki>}}
# Back in the parent page section, delete all content except the section header and replace it with an excerpt of the child page.
# Save the changes in the section; proposed edit summary: "{{xt|Moved section content to <nowiki>[[Child page title]]</nowiki> and replaced with excerpt.}}"

'''IMPORTANT!''' In step four, include the '''full''' edit summary as shown to comply with Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia|copyright policy]]. If you forget to do this at the time of the original edit, follow the instructions on [[Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia#Repairing insufficient attribution|Repairing insufficient attribution]] to create a dummy edit with the required edit summary.

=== Suppress line breaks between paragraphs ===

If you want to merge two excerpted paragraphs from a source into one longer one in your article, use two excerpts instead of one, and change the display mode to [[HTML element#Inline elements|inline]]. So, for example, instead of this :
: {{tlc|excerpt|Ocean color|paragraphs{{=}}2-3|file{{=}}no}} // (example taken from [[Ocean#Color]])
you could code:
: {{tlc|excerpt|Ocean color|paragraphs{{=}}2|file{{=}}no|inline{{=}}yes}}
: {{tlc|excerpt|Ocean color|paragraphs{{=}}3|file{{=}}no|inline{{=}}yes}}
and this will remove the [[Help:Line-break handling#Newlines|line break]] between the two paragraphs, so they will render as one paragraph.

By default, an {{tl|excerpt}} generates an HTML [[div and span#Differences and default behaviour|div-tag]], which is a [[HTML element#Block elements|block-level display element]], so contiguous excerpts are normally separate block elements with line breaks between them. This can be overridden through use of param {{para|inline|yes}}, which suppresses the div-tag, and results in an [[HTML element#Inline elements|inline display element]] instead. In this case, just as with running text on adjacent lines of [[wikicode]], no line break is generated between them.
This technique can also be adapted to [[#Differing citation styles|§ change citation style]] or use different references.

=== Mitigating side effects of unexpected source file changes ===

{{anchor|HIDDENEXCERPTADVICE}}{{tsh|TM:HIDDENEXCERPTADVICE}}

Excerpting content from a source page section into a target may cause [[WP:Link|link rot]] and other undesirable effects in the target if the heading or source content changes unexpectedly. Editors of the source page are generally unaware that editing the source can have side effects elsewhere. This situation can be mitigated by adding a [[WP:Hidden|hidden text]] message at the source page section being excerpted:
: <code><nowiki></nowiki></code>
This alerts editors of the source file that part or all of the content in the area below the message is excerpted onto another page, so the editor can take target page side effects into account during their edit. Changing the heading is analogous to [[MOS:HIDDENLINKADVICE]], which describes how to avoid undesirable side effects when a section heading change may lead to a broken redirect.

'''What to do'''

If you are about to edit a section that contains a hidden excerpt advice message, what should you do?

* If your prospective changes are typos, grammar, or wording adjustments '''without changing the section heading''', most likely you don't need to do anything
* If you are changing the section heading, then this will likely break the {{t|excerpt}} and leave an error message at the target page. Have a look at the indicated source page and find the {{t|excerpt}} template. If it contains a pointer to the old section heading name on the source page section (see [[Template:Excerpt#Parameters|positional parameter 2]]), then you should update that parameter to the new section name.
* If you are making a substantial change to excerpted content at the source in a way that may adversely affect the target page, you could:
*# raise a discussion at the target Talk page, to advise editors about changes to the source; you could link [[TM:HIDDENEXCERPTADVICE]] in the discussion or in the edit summary
*# replace the {{t|excerpt}} template in the target with content [[WP:CWW|copied]] from the version of the source before you changed it. (Don't forget to provide [[WP:CWW|copy attribution]] in the edit summary). This is a permanent solution for that excerpt, and you should remove the hidden link from the source page after completing it.

== Advantages and disadvantages ==

The use of {{tl|Excerpt}} has the following advantages:

* '''Reduces maintenance''' by avoiding duplicate content that must be updated multiple times
* '''Improves content quality''' by encouraging editors to merge related content, rather than having multiple versions in various stages of development (see [[#Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article]])
* '''Fosters collaboration''' by channeling contributors into one place, rather than working in parallel
* '''Promotes rapid development''' of articles, especially those written in [[WP:Summary style|summary style]]

It also has the following disadvantages:

* '''Impediment to editing''' as you have to go to the sub article to make changes to the main article (though excerpts include a hatnote with an [edit] button to edit the excerpted article in one click)
* '''Reduces accuracy''' as an excerpt of one article is not always a perfect fit into a new article (but see [[#Refinement using inclusion control]])
* '''Decreases visibility''' as changes to the sub article will not appear on the watchlist of editors of the main article (see [[phab:T55525]])
* '''Risk of linkrot''' as pages or sections are blanked, moved, or deleted; this may result in the appearance of [[#Error messages|§ error messages]] on the page (but see {{slink||Mitigating side effects of unexpected source file changes}} above; additionally, broken excerpts are automatically tracked at [[:Category:Articles with broken excerpts]] and regularly fixed).

==Incompatibilities==

{{Replace | {{excerpt|Template:R/doc|Incompatibilities |hat=no}} | this template | template {{tl|R}} }}

== Error messages ==

If an error is detected, an error message will appear in the article in place of the expected transcluded content:

* No page given – No page was passed to the template 
* Title X is not valid – The title passed is not valid (contains [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Forbidden characters|forbidden characters]] such as < or >) 
* Page X not found – The page passed does not exist, or the page is a redirect and the target page was not found 
* Lead section is empty – The page exists, but cannot excerpt from non-existent lead 
* Section X not found – The page exists, but cannot excerpt the desired section because either:
** The given section does not exist.  This may occur if the source page section is removed or renamed. To help mitigate this, see [[MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS]].
** The given section exists, but is excluded from transclusion by one of the [[Help:Template#Inclusion control: noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude|inclusion control]] tags.
* Section X is empty – The given section exists, but is empty 
* Template loop detected – The excerpted section contains itself an excerpt. While this is not strictly a template loop, the software considers it so. To fix it, skip the intermediate excerpt ([[Special:Diff/1184292340|example]]).

== See also ==

* [[Module:Excerpt]]
* [[Module:Excerpt/config]]
* [[Module:WikitextParser]]
* [[c:Data:I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab]]
* [[Help:Transclusion#Drawbacks]]
* [[:Category:Articles with excerpts]], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AExcerpt&namespace=0 Articles that link to "Template:Excerpt"] (unsorted)
* [[:Category:Articles with broken excerpts]]
* [[Help:Labeled section transclusion]] – A more efficient method for simple section transclusions
* [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Selective transclusion]] – How to transclude one or more sections of an article or project page into another
* [[Wikipedia:Summary style#Synchronization]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Introductions]]
* {{tl|Transclude lead excerpt}} and {{tl|Transclude linked excerpt}} – Templates designed for excerpt transclusion in portals
* {{tl|Transcluded section}} – Creates hatnote but ''does not transclude'' the section
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3ATranscluded+section&namespace=0 Pages that link to "Template:Transcluded section" (articles)] (unsorted)
* {{tl|Transcluding article}} – Transcludes one or more entire pages
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3ATranscluding+article&namespace=0 Pages that link to "Template:Transcluding article" (articles)] (unsorted)
* {{tl|Template parameter value}} – Extracts the value of a parameter passed to a template
* [[meta:Grants:Project/Rapid/Sophivorus/Excerpts]] - Grant to spread excerpts to various Wikipedias
* [[meta:Concise Wikipedia]] - Perennial new project proposal (see the [[meta:Concise Wikipedia#A summary of existing short-options, using an example|comparison table]] at the bottom in particular)
* [[Single source of truth]]
* [[Wikimania:2021:Submissions/Excerpts: Modular and Reusable Content within Wikipedia|Excerpts: Modular and Reusable Content within Wikipedia]] - Video presentation about excerpts for Wikimania 2021

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<includeonly>{{sandbox other||

[[Category:Wikipedia page-section templates]]
[[Category:Transclude page content templates]]
}}</includeonly>

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:44:34Z

Adarshatva: /* Read also */

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of the Province of Balochistan]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Sindh

2026-07-14T08:43:53Z

Adarshatva: Redirected page to Divisions of Sindh, Pakistan

#REDIRECT[[Divisions of Sindh, Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:41:15Z

Adarshatva: /* List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. */Section - List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Pakistan पाकिस्तान के प्रभाग
| alt_name = {{Nastaliq|پاکستان کے ڈویژن}}{{refn|group = A |name = Nagarisation| पाकिस्तान के डिवीज़न् }}
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map = File:Blank Divisions of Pakistan.svg
| caption = Map of divisions of Pakistan
| alt =
| category = Second-level [[administrative division]]
| territory = [[Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan]]
| upper_unit =
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = [[#Current divisions|37]]
| number_date = 2024
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| type3 =
| type4 =
| status =
| status1 =
| status2 =
| status3 =
| status4 =
| exofficio =
| exofficio1 =
| exofficio2 =
| exofficio3 =
| exofficio4 =
| population_range =
| area_range =
| government = Divisional government
| subdivision = [[Districts of Pakistan|Districts]] [[List of tehsils in Pakistan|Tehsils]] [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

{{Politics of Pakistan}}

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.

==History==
The administrative divisions constituted an integral tier of government from colonial times, with the Governor's provinces of British India being subdivided into divisions, which were further divided into districts. At the time of creation in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two geographically separated wings – [[East Pakistan|eastern]] and [[West Pakistan|western]]. Three of Pakistan's provinces were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, [[East Bengal]], comprised four divisions – [[Chittagong Division|Chittagong]], [[Dhaka Division|Dacca]], [[Khulna Division|Khulna]] and [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]. [[West Punjab]] province contained four divisions – [[Lahore Division|Lahore]], [[Multan Division|Multan]], [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]], and [[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]. The [[North-West Frontier Province]] (as it was then known) had two divisions – [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]. Most of the former [[Sind Province (1936-1955|Sind Province]] became [[Hyderabad Division]]. The majority of divisions were named after their respective divisional capitals, though some exceptions existed.

From 1955 to 1970, the [[One Unit Scheme|One Unit policy]] consolidated the administrative structure into only two provinces – [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]]. [[East Pakistan]] retained the same divisions as [[East Bengal]] previously possessed, while [[West Pakistan]] progressively gained seven new divisions to supplement the original six divisions. The [[Baluchistan States Union]] was reorganised into [[Kalat Division]], while the former [[Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)|Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province]] became [[Quetta Division]]. The princely State of [[Khairpur (princely state)|Khairpur]], combined with portions of [[Hyderabad division]], formed [[Sukkur Division|Khairpur Division]]. The former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|princely state of Bahawalpur]] was established as [[Bahawalpur Division]], thereby joining [[West Punjab]]. In 1959, the [[Federal Capital Territory (Pakistan)|Federal Capital Territory]] was absorbed into [[West Pakistan]], and in 1960, it was merged with the district of [[Lasbela (princely state)|Las Bela]] to create the [[Karachi Division|Karachi-Bela Division]]. In 1969, the princely states of [[Kingdom of Chitral|Chitral]], [[Dir (princely state)|Dir]] and [[Swat (princely state)|Swat]] were incorporated into [[West Pakistan]] as the [[Malakand Division]], with Saidu serving as the divisional headquarters. Khairpur division was abolished in 1975 and replaced with [[Sukkur Division]]. In 1980, Sukkur division was bifurcated to establish [[Larkana division]]. [[Mirpurkhas division]] was created in 1990 through the bifurcation of [[Hyderabad division]].
== Current divisions by administrative units ==
The current administrative structure of Pakistan comprises 37 divisions in total, distributed across five provinces and two Pakistan-administered regions of Kashmir. Within the four provinces, there are 31 divisions: [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] contains 8 divisions, [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] has 7 divisions, [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] features 10 divisions, and [[Sindh]] encompasses 6 divisions. These divisions are accompanied by their respective population figures as recorded in the Census of Pakistan 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Balochistan.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]] |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Punjab.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/KP.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Households, Populations, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate {{!}} Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdf |website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau Statistics |access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref>
The 6 divisions located in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].

=== Provinces ===

==== Balochistan ====
[[File:Divisions of Balochistan.jpg|thumb|Eight divisions of the Province of Balochistan]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Balochistan#List of divisions}}

==== Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ====
[[File:Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with district names- in 2022 by Vijay Kumar.jpg|thumb|Colours correspond to Divisions of the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#List of divisions}}

==== Punjab ====
This section is an excerpt from [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan § List of divisions by population over the years.]]

{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Name
! Headquarters
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Literacy Rate, Enrollment, and Out of School Population by Sex and Rural/Urban: Census 2023 - Punjab Province |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930200632/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-30 |access-date= |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref>
!Population Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy
rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_bwp|title=TMA Bahawalpur Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Bahawalpur District|Bahawalpur]]
* [[Bahawalnagar District|Bahawalnagar]]
* [[Rahim Yar Khan District|Rahim Yar Khan]]
| 45,588
|13,400,009
| 293.94/km2
|52.13%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Bahawalpur_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_dgkhan|title=TMA Dera Ghazi Khan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
* [[Layyah District|Layyah]]
* [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargarh]]
* [[Rajanpur District|Rajanpur]]
* [[Taunsa District|Taunsa]]
* [[Kot Addu District|Kot Addu]]
| 38,778
|12,892,465
| 332.47/km2
|48.00%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Dera_Ghazi_Khan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_faisalabad|title=TMA Faisalabad Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Faisalabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Faisalabad District|Faisalabad]]
* [[Chiniot District|Chiniot]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang District|Jhang]]
| 17,918
|16,228,526
| 905.71/km2
|68.80%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Faisalabad_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujranwala_Division|title=Gujranwala Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujranwala]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]]
* [[Narowal District|Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]]
| 7,779
|11,416,686
| 937.11/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujranwala (division) (2022).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Gujrat_Division|title=Gujrat Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
* [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]]
* [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]]
* [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]]
| 9,438
|7,362,182
|670/km2
|76.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Punjab - Gujrat (division).png|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore Division|Lahore]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|title=Lahore Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185319/https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Lahore_Division|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Lahore]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Lahore District|Lahore]]
* [[Kasur District|Kasur]]
* [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]]
* [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]]
| 11,727
|22,772,710
| 1941.90/km2
|73.63%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Lahore_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan Division|Multan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Multan_Division|title=Multan Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Multan]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Multan District|Multan]]
* [[Lodhran District|Lodhran]]
* [[Khanewal District|Khanewal]]
* [[Vehari District|Vehari]]
| 15,211
|14,085,102
| 925.98/km2
|59.43%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Multan_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/tma_rawalpindi|title=TMA Rawalpindi Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]]
* [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
* [[Chakwal District|Chakwal]]
* [[Attock District|Attock]]
* [[Murree District|Murree]]
* [[Talagang District|Talagang]]
| 18,823
|10,804,250
| 574.50
|79.9%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Rawalpindi_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sahiwal_Division|title=Sahiwal Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sahiwal]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sahiwal District|Sahiwal]]
* [[Pakpattan District|Pakpattan]]
* [[Okara District|Okara]]
| 10,302
|8,533,471
| 828.33/km2
|61.02%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Sahiwal_(division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgcd.punjab.gov.pk/Sargodha_Division|title=Sargodha Division {{!}} Local Government and Community Development|website=lgcd.punjab.gov.pk|access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sargodha]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Sargodha District|Sargodha]]
* [[Bhakkar District|Bhakkar]]
* [[Khushab District|Khushab]]
* [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]]
| 26,360
|9,591,275
| 263.86/km2
|63.19%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Sargodha division as 2023.jpg|center|234x234px]]
|}

==== Sindh ====
{{Excerpt|Divisions of Sindh#List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc.}}

=== Pakistan-oocupied Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Azad Kashmir|Azad Jammu & Kashmir]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]||align="right"|4,388||align="right"|1,198,249||align="right"|1,651,018
|N/A||[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]||align="right"|6,117||align="right"|745,733||align="right"|1,072,150
|N/A||[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]||align="right"|2,792||align="right"|1,028,541||align="right"|1,322,198
|N/A||[[Rawalakot]]
|-
! colspan="6" | Divisions of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
!Division||Area (km2)||Population 1998 Census||Population 2017 Census
!Population 2023 Census||Capital
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A|| [[Gilgit]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]||-|| N/A|| N/A
|N/A||[[Chilas]]
|}
== List of all divisions by population over the years ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+Data from 2023, 2017, 1998, 1981, 1972 censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Info |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/other/pocket_book2006/2.pdf |website=www.pbs.gov.pk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Divisions |url=http://www.statoids.com/ypk.html |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref>
! Division
!Pop.
2023
! Pop.
2017
! Pop.
1998
! Pop.
1981
!Pop.
1972
!Pop.
1961
!Pop.
1951
! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|20,06,572
|8,05,235
|3,40,286
|–
|–
|–
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|1,14,64,031
|76,35,591
|40,68,636
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|1,93,98,081
|1,20,15,649
|71,83,097
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|1,10,14,398
|65,03,590
|37,46,837
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|1,41,77,081
|98,85,685
|66,67,425
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|1,22,65,161
|84,47,557
|54,08,561
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|1,00,07,821
|66,59,528
|44,32,729
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|81,81,499
|56,79,766
|39,30,628
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|53,62,866
|42,71,247
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|97,83,183
|61,01,052
|39,34,861
|32,18,873
|25,87,061
|18,35,178
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|63,37,678
|46,85,773
|32,64,764
|27,13,675
|18,72,505
|16,26,496
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|42,28,683
|25,85,417
|15,01,882
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|1,05,92,635
|68,29,537
|46,78,290
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|1,60,51,521
|98,56,318
|54,37,984
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|61,92,380
|42,10,650
|27,46,201
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|52,82,277
|35,10,036
|25,60,448
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|55,38,555
|34,47,935
|21,03,861
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|20,19,017
|10,91,211
|6,35,494
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|20,44,074
|11,65,692
|7,10,786
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|22,18,971
|13,07,969
|7,58,772
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|53,25,121
|35,05,581
|27,01,257
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|75,14,694
|42,62,700
|24,66,767
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|39,97,677
|24,86,904
|15,06,500
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|74,03,817
|39,23,588
|22,81,752
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Kalat Division|Kalat]]
|27,21,018
|25,09,230
|14,57,722
|10,44,174
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|5,91,144
|10,76,708
|6,99,669
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|14,89,015
|8,32,753
|6,52,602
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|41,74,562
|16,99,957
|8,80,618
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|10,38,010
|6,30,901
|3,05,768
|–
|–
|–
|-
| [[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|8,06,238
|4,68,695
|3,61,647
|1,71,989
|–
|–
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|7,36,209
|4,87,748
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|7,37,162
|4,09,473
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|16,51,018
|11,98,249
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|10,72,150
|7,45,733
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|13,22,198
|10,28,541
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|}
== List of all divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
|+List of the divisions by population, area, density, literacy rate etc.
! Division
!Population
(2023)
! Area (km2) !! Density/ (km2)
(2017)
!Literacy
rate
(2023)

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of KPK |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_kp_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_punjab_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Balochistan |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_balcohistan_province.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of the districts of Sindh |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf}}</ref>
! Capital !! Province
|-
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|23,63,863
|906
|2214.76
|83.97%
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]
|-
| [[Dera Ismail Khan Division|Dera Ismail Khan]]
|31,88,779
|9,005
|224.21
|41.73%
| [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]]
|-
| [[Bannu Division|Bannu]]
|30,92,078
|4,391
|465.51
|42.11%
| [[Bannu District|Bannu]]
|-
|[[Kohat Division|Kohat]]
|37,52,436
|7,012
|316.45
|50.89%
|[[Kohat]]
|-
|[[Hazara Division|Hazara]]
|61,88,736
|17,194
|309.7
|60.95%
|[[Abbottabad]]
|-
|[[Malakand Division|Malakand]]
|99,59,399
|29,872
|251.56
|47.51%
|Saidu
|-
|[[Mardan Division|Mardan]]
|46,39,498
|3,046
|1312.43
|56.90%
|[[Mardan]]
|-
|[[Peshawar Division|Peshawar]]
|1,00,35,171
|4,001
|1850.49
|51.32%
|[[Peshawar]]
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Division|Dera Ghazi Khan]]
|1,28,92,465
|38,778
|284.04
|48.00%
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]]
| rowspan="10" | [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
|-
| [[Lahore Division|Lahore]]
|2,27,72,710
|11,727
|1654.14
|73.63%
| [[Lahore]]
|-
| [[Faisalabad Division|Faisalabad]]
|1,62,28,526
|17,917
|791.26
|68.80%
| [[Faisalabad]]
|-
| [[Bahawalpur Division|Bahawalpur]]
|1,34,00,009
|45,588
|251.47
|52.13%
| [[Bahawalpur]]
|-
| [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]]
|1,14,16,686
|7,779
|937.11
|76.41%
| [[Gujranwala]]
|-
|[[Gujrat Division|Gujrat]]
|73,62,182
|9,438
|780.05
|75.30%
|[[Gujrat District|Gujrat]]
|-
| [[Multan Division|Multan]]
|1,40,85,102
|17,935
|683.87
|59.43%
| [[Multan]]
|-
|[[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
|1,08,04,250
|18,823
|574.5
|79.90%
|[[Rawalpindi]]
|-
|[[Sargodha Division|Sargodha]]
|95,91,275
|26,360
|310.38
|63.19%
|[[Sargodha]]
|-
| [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
|85,33,471
|10,302
|520.57
|61.02%
| [[Sahiwal]]
|-
| [[Karachi Division|Karachi]]
|2,03,82,881
|3,528
|4549.75
|75.11%
| [[Karachi]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]]
|46,19,624
|28,171
|150.11
|40.41%
| [[Mirpur Khas]]
|-
| [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]]
|1,16,59,246
|64,963
|163.06
|45.38%
| [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]]
|-
| [[Larkana Division|Larkana]]
|70,93,706
|15,543
|398.4
|44.53%
| [[Larkana]]
|-
| [[Shaheed Benazirabad Division|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|59,30,649
|18,175
|290.63
|49.91%
| [[Nawabshah|Shaheed Benazirabad]]
|-
|[[Sukkur Division|Sukkur]]
|60,10,041
|34,752
|159.37
|49.72%
|[[Sukkur]]
|-
| [[Makran Division|Makran]]
|18,75,872
|52,067
|28.6
|47.69%
| [[Turbat]]
| rowspan="8" | [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
|-
| [[Nasirabad Division|Nasirabad]]
|20,44,021
|16,946
|34.88
|32.59%
| [[Dera Murad Jamali]]
|-
| [[Quetta Division|Quetta]]
|42,59,163
|64,310
|64.91
|51.68%
| [[Quetta]]
|-
| [[Khuzdar Division|Khuzdar]]
|27,21,018
|91,767
|17.85
|38.72%
| [[Khuzdar]]
|-
| [[Sibi Division|Sibi]]
|11,56,748
|27,055
|38.37
|34.70%
| [[Sibi]]
|-
|[[Rakhshan Division|Rakhshan]]
|10,40,001
|98,596
|–
|36.84%
|[[Kharan, Pakistan|Kharan]]
|-
|[[Zhob Division|Zhob]]
|9,27,579
|27,128
|34.2
|32.33%
|[[Zhob]]
|-
|[[Loralai Division|Loralai]]
|8,70,000
|17,260
|50.4
|39.89%
|[[Loralai District|Loralai]]
|-
|[[Mirpur Division|Mirpur]]
|–
|4,388
|–
|–
|[[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Azad Kashmir|AJK]]
|-
|[[Muzaffarabad Division|Muzaffarabad]]
|–
|6,117
|–
|–
|[[Muzaffarabad, Pakistan|Muzaffarabad]]
|-
|[[Poonch Division|Poonch]]
|–
|2,792
|–
|–
|[[Rawalakot]]
|-
|[[Gilgit Division|Gilgit]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Gilgit]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gilgit-Baltistan]]
|-
|[[Baltistan Division|Baltistan]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Skardu]]
|-
|[[Diamer Division|Diamer]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|[[Chilas]]
|}
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
<references group="A"/>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

== Read also ==
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan|Divisions of Punjab]]
** [[Divisions of Sindh]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of districts in Sindh|Districts of Sindh, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan|Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Balochistan|Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Azad Kashmir|Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of districts in Gilgit-Baltistan|Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Former administrative units of Pakistan]]
* [[Local government in Pakistan]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:32:26Z

Adarshatva: /* Notes and References */

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:31:31Z

Adarshatva: /* List of all divisions by population over the years */Section - List of all divisions by population over the years

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:21:57Z

Adarshatva: /* Current divisions by administrative units */

Mirpurkhas division

2026-07-14T08:09:49Z

Adarshatva: Redirected page to Mirpur Khas Division

#REDIRECT[[Mirpur Khas Division]]

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T08:09:24Z

Adarshatva:

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T07:54:22Z

Adarshatva: /* Notes */

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T07:53:59Z

Adarshatva:

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T07:52:25Z

Adarshatva:

Divisions of Pakistan

2026-07-14T07:41:55Z

Adarshatva: Created page with "The administrative units of Pakistan comprise four provinces, two territories in the Kashmir region, and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into districts, tehsils, and finally union councils. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subseque..."

The [[Administrative units of Pakistan|administrative units of Pakistan]] comprise four provinces, two territories in the [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir|Kashmir region]], and a capital territory. The provinces and territories are further subdivided into 37 divisions, which are subsequently divided into [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]], [[Tehsil|tehsils]], and finally [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]. The division system was abolished in 2000 but was subsequently restored in 2008.

These divisions do not encompass the [[Islamabad Capital Territory]]. The formerly [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA), which previously held the same administrative status as provinces, were merged into [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province and incorporated into neighbouring divisions within that province in 2018.
==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
===References===
{{Reflist}}

Divisions of Sindh, Pakistan

2026-07-13T12:13:57Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Sindh सिन्ध के मण्डल
| alt_name =
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map =
| caption =
| alt =
| category = First-level [[administrative division|administrative body]]
| territory = {{PAK}}
| upper_unit = {{flag|Sindh}}
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = 6
| number_date = 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mcqtimes.com/clearing-the-confusion-is-bhambhore-sindhs-seventh-division/|title=Clearing the Confusion: Is Bhambhore Sindh's Seventh Division?|website=mcqtimes.com|access-date=2024-05-21}}</ref>
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| population_range = ''Greatest:'' [[Karachi Division|Karachi]] —2,03,82,881 ([[2023 Pakistani census|2023 census]]) ''Least:'' [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]] — 46,19,624 ([[2023 Pakistani census|2023 census]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdfaccess-date=2024-05-21|title=2023 population}}</ref>
| area_range = ''Largest:'' [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]] — {{convert|48,670|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} ''Smallest:'' [[Karachi Division|Karachi]] —{{convert|3,528|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| government = Division Administration
| subdivision = [[Districts of Sindh|Districts]]
| subdivision1 = [[List of tehsils of Sindh|Tehsils]]
| subdivision2 = [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

The divisions of Sindh constitute the primary administrative units within the Pakistani province of Sindh. In aggregate, six divisions comprise the province, each of which is subdivided into districts contingent upon territorial extent. Administrative oversight of divisions is vested in Commissioners, whereas districts fall under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioners.

==History==
Administrative divisions constituted a fundamental tier of government from the colonial period onwards. The Governor's provinces of British India were subdivided into divisions, which were themselves further partitioned into districts.

On 1 April 1936, the Sind Division was separated from the Bombay Presidency and established as a province.

The greater portion of the former Sind Province became Hyderabad Division. In 1955, the One Unit policy resulted in the consolidation of provinces into merely two entities—East and West Pakistan. East Pakistan retained the same divisions as East Bengal had previously maintained, whereas West Pakistan gradually acquired seven new divisions in addition to the original six. The princely state of Khairpur, along with certain territories of Hyderabad Division, coalesced to form Khairpur Division. Upon dissolution of West Pakistan, these divisions were regrouped under four new provinces.

Over the late 1970s, additional divisions were progressively established. In 1975, Khairpur Division was abolished, and Sukkur Division was created; concurrently, the Divisional Headquarters were transferred from Khairpur to Sukkur. Larkana Division was also established through bifurcation of Sukkur Division.

In 1990, Mirpurkhas Division was carved out of Hyderabad Division.

In August 2000, local government reforms abolished the "Division" as an administrative tier and introduced a system of local government councils, with the inaugural elections held in 2001. This initiative precipitated radical restructuring of the local government apparatus to implement "the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level". Consequently, numerous functions previously administered at provincial and divisional levels were devolved to districts and tehsils. At the time of abolition, Sindh contained five divisions.

In 2008, following public elections, the new government resolved to restore divisions across all provinces. In Sindh, upon expiration of the Local Government Bodies' terms in 2010, the Divisional Commissioners system was slated for restoration. In July 2011, the Government of Sindh formally decided to reinstate the commissioner system within the province. As a consequence, the five divisions of Sindh were restored, namely, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas, and Larkana, with their respective districts. In 2014, the Sindh Government resolved to create an additional division: Shaheed Benazirabad Division.

Karachi District was demerged into its five original constituent districts—Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South, and Malir. Subsequently, Korangi District and Keamari District were carved out of the original five Karachi districts.[CORRECTION: "Kemari" corrected to standard spelling "Keamari"] These seven districts now constitute Karachi Division.

== List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

== List of the Divisions by Population & Density over the years{{static row numbers}} ==
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!'''Name'''
!Population (1998)
!Pop. Density (1998)
!Population (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/sindh/Table01p.pdf|title=TABLE - 1 : AREA, POPULATION ... (Census-2017) - Sindh|website=pbs.gov.pk|publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2017)
!Population (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_1_sindh_districts.pdf|title=TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, POPULATION DENSITY (Census-2023) - Sindh|website=pbs.gov.pk|publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)
|-
|[[Hyderabad Division]]
|46,10,071
|137.503/km2
|70,26,335
|209.572/km2
|1,16,59,246
|252.1/km2
|-
|[[Karachi Division]]
|98,56,318
|2,793.741/km2
|1,60,51,521
|4,549.751/km2
|2,03,82,881
|5,536.3/km2
|-
|[[Larkana Division]]
|N/A
|N/A
|61,90,926
|406.950/km2
|70,93,706
|408.8/km2
|-
|[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
|25,85,417
|91.776/km2
|42,28,683
|150.108/km2
|46,19,624
|164.3/km2
|-
|[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
|35,10,036
|193.124/km2
|52,82,277
|290.634/km2
|59,30,649
|331.5/km2
|-
|[[Sukkur Division]]
|34,47,935
|140.703/km2
|55,38,555
|226.017/km2
|60,10,041
|232.5/km2
|}

==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
===References===
{{Reflist}}
== Read also ==

* [[Divisions of Pakistan]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit Baltistan|Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[Districts of Sindh]]
** [[Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[List of tehsils of Pakistan|Tehsils of Pakistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan|Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Sindh|Tehsils of Sindh]]
** [[List of tehsils of Balochistan|Tehsils of Balochistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of tehsils of Azad Kashmir|Tehsils of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of tehsils of Gilgit-Baltistan|Tehsils of Gilgit-Baltistan]]

Divisions of Sindh, Pakistan

2026-07-13T12:12:44Z

Adarshatva:

{{Short description|Second-level administrative regions of Pakistan}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Divisions of Sindh
| alt_name =
| alt_name1 =
| alt_name2 =
| alt_name3 =
| map =
| caption =
| alt =
| category = First-level [[administrative division|administrative body]]
| territory = {{PAK}}
| upper_unit = {{flag|Sindh}}
| start_date =
| start_date1 =
| start_date2 =
| legislation_begin =
| legislation_begin1 =
| legislation_begin2 =
| legislation_end =
| legislation_end1 =
| legislation_end2 =
| end_date =
| end_date1 =
| end_date2 =
| current_number = 6
| number_date = 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mcqtimes.com/clearing-the-confusion-is-bhambhore-sindhs-seventh-division/|title=Clearing the Confusion: Is Bhambhore Sindh's Seventh Division?|website=mcqtimes.com|access-date=2024-05-21}}</ref>
| type =
| type1 =
| type2 =
| population_range = ''Greatest:'' [[Karachi Division|Karachi]] —2,03,82,881 ([[2023 Pakistani census|2023 census]]) ''Least:'' [[Mirpur Khas Division|Mirpur Khas]] — 46,19,624 ([[2023 Pakistani census|2023 census]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Sindh.pdfaccess-date=2024-05-21|title=2023 population}}</ref>
| area_range = ''Largest:'' [[Hyderabad Division|Hyderabad]] — {{convert|48,670|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} ''Smallest:'' [[Karachi Division|Karachi]] —{{convert|3,528|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| government = Division Administration
| subdivision = [[Districts of Sindh|Districts]]
| subdivision1 = [[List of tehsils of Sindh|Tehsils]]
| subdivision2 = [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union councils]]
}}

The divisions of Sindh constitute the primary administrative units within the Pakistani province of Sindh. In aggregate, six divisions comprise the province, each of which is subdivided into districts contingent upon territorial extent. Administrative oversight of divisions is vested in Commissioners, whereas districts fall under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioners.

==History==
Administrative divisions constituted a fundamental tier of government from the colonial period onwards. The Governor's provinces of British India were subdivided into divisions, which were themselves further partitioned into districts.

On 1 April 1936, the Sind Division was separated from the Bombay Presidency and established as a province.

The greater portion of the former Sind Province became Hyderabad Division. In 1955, the One Unit policy resulted in the consolidation of provinces into merely two entities—East and West Pakistan. East Pakistan retained the same divisions as East Bengal had previously maintained, whereas West Pakistan gradually acquired seven new divisions in addition to the original six. The princely state of Khairpur, along with certain territories of Hyderabad Division, coalesced to form Khairpur Division. Upon dissolution of West Pakistan, these divisions were regrouped under four new provinces.

Over the late 1970s, additional divisions were progressively established. In 1975, Khairpur Division was abolished, and Sukkur Division was created; concurrently, the Divisional Headquarters were transferred from Khairpur to Sukkur. Larkana Division was also established through bifurcation of Sukkur Division.

In 1990, Mirpurkhas Division was carved out of Hyderabad Division.

In August 2000, local government reforms abolished the "Division" as an administrative tier and introduced a system of local government councils, with the inaugural elections held in 2001. This initiative precipitated radical restructuring of the local government apparatus to implement "the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level". Consequently, numerous functions previously administered at provincial and divisional levels were devolved to districts and tehsils. At the time of abolition, Sindh contained five divisions.

In 2008, following public elections, the new government resolved to restore divisions across all provinces. In Sindh, upon expiration of the Local Government Bodies' terms in 2010, the Divisional Commissioners system was slated for restoration. In July 2011, the Government of Sindh formally decided to reinstate the commissioner system within the province. As a consequence, the five divisions of Sindh were restored, namely, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas, and Larkana, with their respective districts. In 2014, the Sindh Government resolved to create an additional division: Shaheed Benazirabad Division.

Karachi District was demerged into its five original constituent districts—Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South, and Malir. Subsequently, Korangi District and Keamari District were carved out of the original five Karachi districts.[CORRECTION: "Kemari" corrected to standard spelling "Keamari"] These seven districts now constitute Karachi Division.

== List of the Divisions by area, population, density, literacy rate etc. ==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Name
! Headquarter
! Districts
! Area
(km2)<ref name=":0" />
!Population (2023)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_12_sindh_province.pdf|title=Population 2023 tables sindh}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)<ref name=":0" />
!Literacy rate (2023)<ref name=":0" />
! Map
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Dadu District]]
* [[Hyderabad District, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
* [[Jamshoro District]]
* [[Matiari District]]
* [[Tando Allahyar District]]
* [[Tando Muhammad Khan District]]
* [[Badin District]]
* [[Sujawal District]]
* [[Thatta District]]
| 48,670
| 1,16,59,246
| 239.56/km2
|45.38%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Hyderabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Karachi]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Karachi Central District|Central]]
* [[Karachi East District|East]]
* [[Karachi South District|South]]
* [[Karachi West District|West]]
* [[Korangi District|Korangi]]
* [[Malir District|Malir]]
* [[Keamari District|Kemari]]
| 3,527
| 2,03,82,881
| 5,779.10/km2
|75.11%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Karachi (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Larkana]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Jacobabad District]]
* [[Kashmore District]]
* [[Larkana District]]
* [[Qambar Shahdadkot District]]
* [[Shikarpur District]]
| 15,213
| 70,93,706
| 466.29/km2
|44.53%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Larkana (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Mirpur Khas]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Mirpur Khas District]]
* [[Tharparkar District]]
* [[Umerkot District]]
| 28,170
| 46,19,624
| 153.99/km2
|40.41%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Mirpur Khas (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Nawabshah]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Naushahro Feroze District]]
* [[Shaheed Benazir Abad District]]
* [[Sanghar District]]
| 18,176
| 59,30,649
| 326.29/km2
|49.91%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Shaheed Benazirabad (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur Division]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[Sukkur]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
* [[Ghotki District]]
* [[Khairpur District]]
* [[Sukkur District]]
| 27,158
| 60,10,041
| 221.30/km2
|59.72%
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Pakistan - Sindh - Sukkur (division).svg|center|234x234px]]
|-
|}

== List of the Divisions by Population & Density over the years{{static row numbers}} ==
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!'''Name'''
!Population (1998)
!Pop. Density (1998)
!Population (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/sindh/Table01p.pdf|title=TABLE - 1 : AREA, POPULATION ... (Census-2017) - Sindh|website=pbs.gov.pk|publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2017)
!Population (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_1_sindh_districts.pdf|title=TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, POPULATION DENSITY (Census-2023) - Sindh|website=pbs.gov.pk|publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref>
!Pop. Density (2023)
|-
|[[Hyderabad Division]]
|46,10,071
|137.503/km2
|70,26,335
|209.572/km2
|1,16,59,246
|252.1/km2
|-
|[[Karachi Division]]
|98,56,318
|2,793.741/km2
|1,60,51,521
|4,549.751/km2
|2,03,82,881
|5,536.3/km2
|-
|[[Larkana Division]]
|N/A
|N/A
|61,90,926
|406.950/km2
|70,93,706
|408.8/km2
|-
|[[Mirpur Khas Division]]
|25,85,417
|91.776/km2
|42,28,683
|150.108/km2
|46,19,624
|164.3/km2
|-
|[[Shaheed Benazirabad Division]]
|35,10,036
|193.124/km2
|52,82,277
|290.634/km2
|59,30,649
|331.5/km2
|-
|[[Sukkur Division]]
|34,47,935
|140.703/km2
|55,38,555
|226.017/km2
|60,10,041
|232.5/km2
|}

==Notes and References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
===References===
{{Reflist}}
== Read also ==

* [[Divisions of Pakistan]]
** [[Divisions of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Divisions of Balochistan]]
** [[Divisions of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Divisions of Gilgit Baltistan|Divisions of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Districts of Pakistan]]
** [[Districts of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[Districts of Sindh]]
** [[Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan]]
** [[List of districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[Districts of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[List of tehsils of Pakistan|Tehsils of Pakistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan|Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Sindh|Tehsils of Sindh]]
** [[List of tehsils of Balochistan|Tehsils of Balochistan]]
** [[List of tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[List of tehsils of Azad Kashmir|Tehsils of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[List of tehsils of Gilgit-Baltistan|Tehsils of Gilgit-Baltistan]]