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Kokyet

2023-09-16T11:58:16Z

Abhi911: Created a captivating write-up.

{{Short description|Traditional Meitei men's headdress}}
{{Under construction}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Infobox clothing item
| image_file = A figure of a Maiba (a priest of Traditional Meitei Religion - Sanamahism) playing a Pena (a traditional Meitei musical instrument), wearing a Kokyet (a Meitei headdress) and a Khamen Chatpa (a Meitei loincloth).jpg
| caption = A motif of a {{langnf|mni|[[Maiba]]|priest}} wearing a Kokyet, while playing a [[Pena (musical instrument)]], showcased in the [[Republic Day of India]], in [[New Delhi]]
| designer =
| year = 33 CE
| type = [[headdress]] ([[headgear]])
| material =
| on_display_at = in many occasions and places, including the [[Indian Parliament]]
}}

'''Kokyet''' ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯛꯌꯦꯠ}}|}}),{{efn|"Kok" means head and "Yet" means "to wrap around" in [[Meitei language]]}} sometimes also spelled as '''Koyet, Koyyet, Koiyet''', is a [[Meitei tradition|traditional Meitei]] men's [[headdress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur’s ‘Kokyet’ Part Of New Uniform In Parliament - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipurs-kokyet-part-of-new-uniform-in-parliament/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Colours of India: Parliament Marshals to don Manipur's turban 'Kokyet' |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/parlaiment-special-session-marshals-to-wear-manipuri-turban-kokyet-in-parliament/na20230914071406550550887 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref> It is made in twelve distinct designs. It is used in different [[Meitei culture|Meitei cultural]] ceremonies, [[Meitei festivals|festivals]], occasions, etc. It is used by both the common people as well as the royal people.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parliament marshals to don Manipuri turban, Kokyet |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/parliament-marshals-to-don-manipuri-turban-kokyet/articleshow/103676067.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
Its design is derived from the two horns of [[ancient Meitei deity]] [[Pakhangba]], who could transfigure into many different divine forms. It is also the sacred protective symbolic representation of [[Sidaba Mapu|Sidaba]] of [[traditional Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bora |first=Pallav |title=Strife-Torn Manipur Finds Place Of Pride In Parliament As 'Kokyet' Named Official Headgear |url=https://news.abplive.com/northeast/manipur-turban-kokyet-finds-place-of-pride-in-parliament-official-headgear-of-staff-uniform-1629769 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Origin ==
The existence of Kokyet ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯛꯌꯦꯠ}}|}}) dates back to the era of Meitei king [[Nongda Lairen Pakhangba]] (c. 33 CE) in [[Ancient Kangleipak]] (early [[Manipur]]). He used it as Kokyet Pheiyet ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯛꯌꯦꯠ ꯐꯩꯌꯦꯠ}}|}}), one of the designs of the costume.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parliament marshals to don Manipuri turban, Kokyet |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/parliament-marshals-to-don-manipuri-turban-kokyet/articleshow/103676067.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bora |first=Pallav |title=Strife-Torn Manipur Finds Place Of Pride In Parliament As 'Kokyet' Named Official Headgear |url=https://news.abplive.com/northeast/manipur-turban-kokyet-finds-place-of-pride-in-parliament-official-headgear-of-staff-uniform-1629769 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref>

== In Indian Parliament ==
Since 2023, the Kokyet is used as a uniform item for the [[marshals]] of the [[Indian Parliament]] (both [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur’s ‘Kokyet’ Part Of New Uniform In Parliament - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/manipurs-kokyet-part-of-new-uniform-in-parliament/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amid ethnic mess, people cheerful as Manipuri 'Kokyet' finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1120618 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref>), as chosen by the [[Union Government of India]].
The Kokyet which is used as a uniform is designed by Yumnam Bhumeshwor Singh (Yuva Awardee Sangeet Natak Akademi New Delhi,Government of India) a Nata Sankirtana artiste,Music Composer and Choreographer.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parliament marshals to don Manipuri turban, Kokyet |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/parliament-marshals-to-don-manipuri-turban-kokyet/articleshow/103676067.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref> The newly designed Kokyet drew inspiration from the "Salai Taret Kokyet" ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯣꯛꯌꯦꯠ}}|}}), possessing seven colours representing [[Yek|seven Meitei clans]], combined with another Meitei traditional handicraft "Lamthang Khullak" ({{lang-mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯝꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯜꯂꯛ}}|}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bora |first=Pallav |title=Strife-Torn Manipur Finds Place Of Pride In Parliament As 'Kokyet' Named Official Headgear |url=https://news.abplive.com/northeast/manipur-turban-kokyet-finds-place-of-pride-in-parliament-official-headgear-of-staff-uniform-1629769 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref>

Upon the reception of the Meitei traditional dress in the national level, Sunzu Bachaspatimaym, the then secretary of Manipur State Film Development Society (MSFDS),<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parliament marshals to don Manipuri turban, Kokyet |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/parliament-marshals-to-don-manipuri-turban-kokyet/articleshow/103676067.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref> commented:
{{Quote|I have mixed emotions at the news. While I'm thrilled to know that our cultural heritage is being recognised and has duly found a space in the Parliament, I'm also sceptical as Meitei fabric heritage is steeped in hierarchy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parliament marshals to don Manipuri turban, Kokyet |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/imphal/parliament-marshals-to-don-manipuri-turban-kokyet/articleshow/103676067.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bora |first=Pallav |title=Strife-Torn Manipur Finds Place Of Pride In Parliament As 'Kokyet' Named Official Headgear |url=https://news.abplive.com/northeast/manipur-turban-kokyet-finds-place-of-pride-in-parliament-official-headgear-of-staff-uniform-1629769 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website= |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Kokyet finds space in Indian Parliament |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-kokyet-finds-space-in-indian-parliament |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref>}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:The Prime Minister of Manipur preparing for the coronation of the new Maharaja Bodh Chandra Singh in 1944.jpg|In royal court
File:Moibung Khongba (ꯃꯣꯏꯕꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯕ), the classical Meitei musical performing art of blowing Moibung (conch shell) of Kangleipak (Manipur).jpg|In religious ceremonies
File:Stamp of India - 2014 - Colnect 510569 - Sagol Kangjei.jpeg|In sports
File:Manipuri Wedding.jpg|In wedding
File:Manipuri Dance Poubi Lai snake.JPG|In theatrical performance
File:Classical manipuri dance.jpg|In dance
File:Pung-Kartal Cholom (Pung Cholom + Kartal performance), a classical Meitei ritualistic musical & dancing performing art form of Manipur (Kangleipak).jpg|In group musical performances
File:Pung cholom performer, Manipur.jpg|In solo musical performance
File:Traditional Polo in Manipur India.jpg|In horse riding events
File:Colorful cultural performance by artistes, on the occasion of the 12th South Asian Games-2016, at Indira Gandhi Athletics Stadium, in Guwahati, Assam on February 05, 2016 (1).jpg|In stage performances
File:Plate 13-2 Folk-Lore, vol. 24.jpg|In [[Arambai]] dart throwing war tactical events
File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing the gathering at the launch of the Development Projects, in Manipur on March 16, 2018.jpg|In politics
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Kajenglei]]
* [[Khamenchatpa]]
* [[Pheijom]]
* [[Khudei]]
* [[Phanek]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* [https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/manipuri-kokyet-to-be-part-of-new-uniform-of-parliament-marshals Manipuri Kokyet to be part of new uniform of Parliament Marshals]
== External links ==
* {{Cite web |title=Dictionary (Definition of "Kokyet") |url=http://www.xobdo.org/dic/kokyet |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.xobdo.org}}
* {{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0&matchtype=default |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]]}}

[[Category:Headgear]]
[[Category:Helmets]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

2011 Zee Cine Awards

2023-09-12T06:49:46Z

Abhi911:

{{short description|Sher Ka Punjabi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Zee Cine Awards 2011''' was held in [[India]]

==Hosts==
*[[Akshay Kumar]]
*[[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]
*[[Neha Dhupia]]

==Performances==
*[[Priyanka Chopra]] Dance and Presentation of Best Film Nominees
*[[Arjun Rampal]]
* Kids from [[Dance India Dance]] in honour of Super Jodi [[Rishi Kapoor]] & [[Neetu Singh]]
*[[Aishwarya Rai]]
*[[Deepika Padukone]]
*[[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] Dance on Song ''Noor-E-Khuda'' and Honouring [[Hritik Roshan]] & Suzanne (Khan) Roshan

==Awards==
The official Winners are listed Below.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2011|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1768|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924141554/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/1768|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=2015-06-30}}</ref>

===Viewer's choice===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="60%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]] || [[Arbaaz Khan]]|| ''[[Dabangg]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]] || [[Karan Johar]]|| rowspan="2" | ''[[My Name Is Khan]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor]] || [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress]] || [[Vidya Balan]]|| ''[[Ishqiya]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]] || [[Munni Badnaam Hui]]|| ''Dabangg''
|}

===Jury's choice===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="60%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]] || [[Anurag Kashyap]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Udaan (2010 film)|''Udaan'']]
|-
| Best Director (Critics) || [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] || [[Hrithik Roshan]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Guzaarish (2010 film)|''Guzaarish'']]
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] || [[Aishwarya Rai]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Arjun Rampal]]|| ''[[Raajneeti]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Supporting Actress]] || [[Prachi Desai]]|| ''[[Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Villain]] || [[Ronit Roy]]|| ''Udaan''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] || [[Boman Irani]]|| ''[[Well Done Abba]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Most Promising Director|Most Promising Director]] || [[Abhinav Kashyap]]|| ''[[Dabangg]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] || [[Ranveer Singh]]|| ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] || [[Sonakshi Sinha]]|| ''Dabangg''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Male|Best Male Playback Singer]] || [[Mohit Chauhan]] for "Pee Loon" || ''Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Female Playback Singer]] || [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] for "Sajda" || ''[[My Name is Khan]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] || [[Sajid–Wajid]]|| ''Dabangg''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] || [[Gulzar]] for "Dil To Bachcha Hai Ji" || ''[[Ishqiya]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement|Lifetime Achievement]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]]|| Contribution to Hindi Cinema
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| International Icon – Male || [[Ranbir Kapoor]]||
|-
| International Icon - Female || [[Deepika Padukone]]||
|}

===Technical Awards===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="60%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]] || Sandeep Shirodkar || ''[[Dabangg]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] || [[Rajat Arora]]|| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Story|Best Story]] || [[Shibani Bathija]]|| ''[[My Name Is Khan]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] || [[Abhinav Kashyap]] & Dileep Shukla || ''Dabangg''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] || [[Ayananka Bose]]|| [[Kites (film)|''Kites'']]
|-
| | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] || Pranav V Dhiwar || ''Dabangg''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| Best Choreography || [[Farah Khan]] for "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]" || [[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|''Tees Maar Khan'']]
|-
| Best Action || [[Vijayan Master]]|| ''Dabangg''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| Best Art Direction || Rajneesh Basu || [[Guzaarish (2010 film)|''Guzaarish'']]
|-
| Best Sound Design || Dileep Subramaniam || ''My Name Is Khan''
|}

==See also==
* [[Zee Cine Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.zeecineawards.com/ Zee Cine Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140006/https://www.zeecineawards.com/ |date=1 March 2019 }}

{{Zee Cine Awards|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Zee Cine Awards]]
[[Category:2011 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:2011 in Singapore]]

[[de:Zee Cine Award/Bester Liedtext]]

Putlur (disambiguation)

2023-09-11T07:48:03Z

Abhi911: Published an influential piece.

{{wikt|Putlur}}
'''Putlur''' may refer to:

* [[Putlur (Anantapur district)]], a village in [[Anantapur district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
* [[Putlur (Tiruvallur district)]], a village in [[Tiruvallur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India

{{geodis}}

Bihar State Haj Committee

2023-09-10T09:36:03Z

Abhi911: Shared a valuable publication.

{{Infobox government agency
| name = Bihar State Haj Committee
| native_name_a = {{lang|hi|बिहार राज्य हज कमेटी}}
| type = Statutory body
| formed = 2007
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Bihar]]
| headquarters = 34, Ali Imam Path, Harding Road, Patna, Bihar
| minister1_name = [[Mohd Zama Khan]]
| minister1_pfo = Minority Affairs
| chief1_name = Alhaj Abdul Haque
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| chief2_name = [[Mohd Zama Khan]]
| chief2_position = Minister of Minority Welfare
| chief3_name = Amir Subhani
| chief3_position = Chief Secretary
| chief4_name = Dr. Safina A. N.
| chief4_position = Principle secretary
| chief5_name = Mohammad Rashid Hussain
| chief5_position = Executive officer
| parent_department = [[Government of Bihar]]
| parent_agency = [[Haj Committee of India]]
}}

The '''Bihar State Haj Committee''' is a statutory body for Haj pilgrimage under the Ministry of Minority Welfare in [[Government of Bihar]]. It is located at the Ali Imam Path on the Harding Road, [[Patna]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. It is built and managed under the Hajj Committee of India, and recognised under the Haj Committee Act, 2002. The committee runs a Haj House at Patna, the State capital named Patna Haj Bhawan. It is chaired by the Alhaj Abdul Haque as the chairman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haj Bhavan Patna: 'देश सुरक्षित रहे, इसके लिए आप सभी वहां दुआ कीजियेगा'- हज यात्रियों से बोले CM नीतीश |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/cm-nitish-kumar-participated-in-duaiya-majlis-at-haj-bhavan-patna/bh20230607090835358358185 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हज यात्रा 2022 : बिहार राज्य हज कमेटी पटना ने दिए निर्देश, यहां करें प्रशिक्षण, तभी जा सकेंगे हज करने - Haj Yatra 2022: Bihar State Haj Committee Patna gave instructions, do training here, only then you will be able to go to Haj |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-haj-yatra-2022-bihar-state-haj-committee-patna-gave-instructions-do-training-here-only-then-you-will-be-able-to-go-to-haj-22805392.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अब्दुल हक बिहार राज्य हज समिति के निर्विरोध अध्यक्ष निर्वाचित |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/patna/story-abdul-haq-elected-unopposed-chairman-of-bihar-state-haj-committee-6541742.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref> The committee looks over the Haj pilgrimage in the state of Bihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 3,000 pilgrims from Bihar to go for haj from Gaya airport today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/over-3k-to-go-for-haj-from-gaya-today/articleshow/100805762.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Patna Haj Bhawan was inaugurated by [[Nitish Kumar]], Chief Minister of Bihar on 17 October 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |title=Haj Bhawan inaugurated in Patna |url=https://twocircles.net/2007oct18/haj_bhawan_inaugurated_patna.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Events ==

* The Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar attends the Farewell ceremony of the Haj travelers every year since the inauguration of the Haj House in Patna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nitish Kumar reaches Haj Bhawan in Patna leaves for Haj pilgrims {{!}} पटना में हज भवन पहुंचे नीतीश कुमार, हज यात्रियों को किया यात्रा पर रवाना {{!}} Hindi News, Bihar |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/bihar/nitish-kumar-reaches-haj-bhawan-in-patna-leaves-for-haj-pilgrims/1217624/amp |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>
* The Daawat-e-Iftar is organised every year in the holy month of Ramadan, which is largely attended by the Chief Minister, Deputy Chief Minister and other ministers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JDU Iftar party: मुख्यमंत्री नीतीश कुमार ने हज भवन में रोजेदारों के साथ किया इफ्तार |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/jdu-iftar-party-at-haj-bhavan-patna/bh20230408213111497497885 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hindi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iftar Time : हज भवन में JDU की इफ्तार पार्टी, नीतीश और तेजस्वी मौजूद, भाजपा ने फिर किया बहिष्कार |url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/iftar-time-jdu-gave-iftar-party-at-haj-bhavan-nitish-tejashwi-present-bjp-leaders-did-not-reach-2023-04-08 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iftar Politics: नीतीश कुमार के बाद आज जदयू का दावत-ए-इफ्तार, अब क्या कहेगी बीजेपी? |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-iftar-politics-after-nitish-kumar-jdu-organizes-dawat-e-iftar-today-what-will-bjp-say-now-8006735.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

== Coaching ==
The Bihar State Haj Committee provides free coaching and education to poor Muslim students for the competitive exams like Bihar Public Service Commission exams since 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Bihar Haj committee announces free coaching classes for BPSC |url=https://muslimmirror.com/eng/bihar-haj-committee-announces-free-coaching-classes-for-bpsc/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Muslim Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हज भवन में बीपीएससी पीटी की मुफ्त आवासीय कोचिंग, 1 सितंबर से आवेदन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/patna/story-free-residential-coaching-of-bpsc-pt-in-haj-bhawan-2118540.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

* In the 2017 Bihar Public service commission result, 50 students of Haj Bhawan Patna coaching Centre passed out.<ref>{{Cite web |title=101 Muslims clear BPSC; 50 coached by Haj Bhawan |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/youth-news/muslims-clear-bpsc-coached-by-haj-bhawan-2988.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=www.awazthevoice.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hajj pilgrimage from India]]
[[Category:Government organizations related to the Hajj]]

Savadiyur, Dharmapuri district

2023-07-16T01:43:53Z

Abhi911: Shaped a unique article.

#REDIRECT [[Savadiyur, Dharmapuri]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

2013 Zee Cine Awards

2023-07-03T22:20:32Z

Abhi911: Making the page and giving the Details

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
The '''[[Zee Cine Awards]] 2013'''; one of the most coveted awards in Bollywood, were made in January 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=WINNERS 2013-Find out who stole the limelight at the Zee Cine Awards 2013 |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/winners2013.php |publisher=Zee Cine |date=29 December 2012 |accessdate=4 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506132336/http://www.zeecineawards.com/winners2013.php |archivedate=6 May 2013 }}</ref>

It was held in [[Mumbai]], [[India]] after 10 years (2003)

==Sponsors==
2012 – Pan Bahar Zee Cine Awards

==Awards==

The winners are listed below.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2013|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4376/Winners+of+Zee+Cine+Awards+2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227090929/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4376/Winners+of+Zee+Cine+Awards+2013|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2013|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-directors-worth-rs100-crore-1790618 |title=Directors worth Rs100 crore! |publisher=DNAIndia.com |date=3 September 2013 |accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/zee-cine-awards-2013-the-100-crore-club-box-office-award/ |title=Zee Cine Awards 2013: The 100 Crore Club Box Office Award |publisher=[[Koimoi]] |date= |accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2013/zee-cine-awards-2013-the-ones-who-shone-this-year_126604.html |title=Zee Cine Awards 2013: The ones who shone this year! |publisher=Zee TV |date= |accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?edorsup=Sup&wintype=popup&queryed=1310009&querypage=1&boxid=55852&id=19819&eddate=2013-1-20&ed_date=2013-1-20&ed_code=1310009 |title=Directors worth '100 crore! |publisher=DNA India |accessdate=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227172408/http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?edorsup=Sup&wintype=popup&queryed=1310009&querypage=1&boxid=55852&id=19819&eddate=2013-1-20&ed_date=2013-1-20&ed_code=1310009 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[File:Anurag Basu.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Best Director, winner]]
[[File: Salman Khan 2015.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Viewers' Best Actor, winner]]
[[File:Priyanka_Chopra_at_TOIFA_2013.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Viewers' choice for Best Actress, winner]]
[[File:Ranbir BSE11.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Best Actor - Critics, winner]]
[[File:Vidya_Balan_Savvy_Cropped.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Best Actress - Critics, winner]]

===Viewer's choice===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Winner
!style="width:30%;"| Film
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]] || [[UTV Motion Pictures]] || rowspan="2"|''[[Barfi!]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]] || [[Anurag Basu]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor]] || [[Salman Khan]] || ''[[Dabangg 2]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress]] || [[Priyanka Chopra]] || ''Barfi''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]] || "Radha" || ''[[Student of the Year (film)|Student of the Year]]''
|}

===Jury's choice===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:98%;"
|- style="background:#bebebe;"
!style="width:10%;"| Year
!style="width:30%;"| Winner
!style="width:30%;"| Film
|-bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sujoy Ghosh]] || rowspan="2"|''[[Kahaani]]''
|-
| Best Director (Critics)
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] || [[Ranbir Kapoor]] || ''[[Barfi!]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] || [[Vidya Balan]] || ''Kahaani''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] || ''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Supporting Actress]] || [[Anushka Sharma]] ||''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Villain]] || [[Rishi Kapoor]] || ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] ||[[Abhishek Bachchan]] || ''[[Bol Bachchan]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Most Promising Director|Most Promising Director]] || [[Gauri Shinde]]|| ''[[English Vinglish]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] || [[Arjun Kapoor]] [[Ayushmann Khurana]] || ''[[Ishaqzaade]] [[Vicky Donor]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] || [[Ileana D'Cruz]] [[Yami Gautam]] || ''Barfi!'' ''Vicky Donor''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Male|Best Male Playback Singer]] || [[Sonu Nigam]]|| ''Abhi Mujhme Kahin'' - ''Agneepath''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Female Playback Singer]] || [[Shreya Ghoshal]] || ''Saans'' - ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] || [[Pritam Chakraborty]] || ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] || Kausar Munir || ''Pareshaan'' - ''Ishaqzaade''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement|Lifetime Achievement]] || || Contribution to Hindi Cinema
|}

===Technical awards===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="60%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]] || [[Ajay–Atul]] || ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] ||[[Tigmanshu Dhulia]] & Sanjay Chauhan || ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Story|Best Story]] || [[Sujoy Ghosh]] & Advaita Kala || ''[[Kahaani]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] || [[Anurag Basu]] || rowspan="2" | ''[[Barfi!]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] || [[Ravi Varman]]
|-
| | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] || [[Namrata Rao]] ||''Kahaani''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| Best Choreography || Ganesh Acharya for "Chikni Chameli" || ''Agneepath''
|}

===Other awards===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="60%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| International Icon Male || [[Shah Rukh Khan]]|| ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''
| International Icon Female || [[Katrina Kaif]]|| ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''
|Zee Cine Award for Best Use of Social Media || [[Salman Khan]]|| ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'' and ''[[Dabangg 2]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| The Power Club Box Office (100 crore club award) || [[Yash Chopra]], [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Karan Malhotra]], [[Anurag Basu]], [[Ashwni Dhir]], [[Rohit Shetty]] and [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]|| ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', ''[[Ek Tha Tiger]]'', ''[[Dabangg 2]]'', ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'', ''[[Agneepath (2012 film)|Agneepath]]'', ''[[Barfi (film)|Barfi]]'', ''[[Son of Sardar]]'', ''[[Bol Bachchan]]'' and ''[[Housefull 2]]''
|}

==See also==
* [[Zee Cine Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Zee Cine Awards]]

[[de:Zee Cine Award/Bester Liedtext]]

2012 Zee Cine Awards

2023-07-03T22:20:31Z

Abhi911: initiating the new site for lux Zee cine Awards 2012

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''Zee Cine Awards 2012''' was held at the [[CotaiArena]] in [[Macao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2012-to-be-held-in-macau_100787.htm|title = Zee Cine Awards 2012 to be held in Macau|date = 23 November 2011}}</ref>

==Sponsors==
Pan Bahar Zee Cine Awards

==Awards==
The official Winners are listed Below.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131082055/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/3007|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 January 2012|title=Winners of Zee Cine Awards 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=23 January 2012|accessdate=15 May 2012}}</ref>

[[File: Ranbir Kapoor.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Best Actor, winner]]
[[File:Vidya Balan Screen Awards 2012 cropped.jpg|right|thumb|150 px|Best Actress, winner]]
===Viewer's choice===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]] || [[Excel Entertainment]]|| ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]] || [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Rockstar (2011 film)|''Rockstar'']]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Male|Best Actor]] || [[Ranbir Kapoor]]
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress]] || [[Vidya Balan]]|| ''[[The Dirty Picture]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Best Track of the Year]] || [[Chammak Challo]]|| ''[[Ra.One]]''
|}

===Jury's choice===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Film|Best Film (Critics)]] || [[Ekta Kapoor]] || ''[[The Dirty Picture]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actor|Best Actor (Critics)]] || [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]|| ''[[Don 2]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award – Critics' Choice Best Actress|Best Actress (Critics)]] || [[Vidya Balan]]|| ''The Dirty Picture''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male|Best Supporting Actor]] || [[Farhan Akhtar]]|| ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female|Best Supporting Actress]] || [[Swara Bhaskar]]|| ''[[Tanu Weds Manu]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role|Best Villain]] || [[Prakash Raj]]|| [[Singham (2011 film)|''Singham'']]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] || Divyendu Sharma || ''[[Pyaar Ka Punchnama]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Most Promising Director|Most Promising Director]] || [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]]|| [[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|''Bodyguard'']]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]] || [[Rana Daggubati]]|| [[Dum Maaro Dum (film)|''Dum Maro Dum'']]
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]] || [[Parineeti Chopra]]|| ''[[Ladies VS Ricky Bahl]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Male|Best Male Playback Singer]] || [[Mohit Chauhan]]|| ''Jo Bhi Main – [[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Female Playback Singer]] || [[Shreya Ghoshal]]|| ''Saibo – [[Shor in the City]]''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] || [[A. R. Rahman]]|| rowspan="2" | ''Rockstar''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] || [[Irshad Kamil]]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Lifetime Achievement|Lifetime Achievement]] || [[Jeetendra]]|| Contribution to Hindi Cinema
|}

===Technical Awards===
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="50%"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Category || Winner || Work
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Story|Best Story]] || [[Zoya Akhtar]] & [[Reema Kagti]]|| ''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]''
|-
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] || [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]|| [[Rockstar (2011 film)|''Rockstar'']]
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] || Carlos Catalan || ''Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara''
|-
| | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] || Aarthi Bajaj || ''Rockstar''
|- bgcolor=#edf3fe
| Best Choreography || [[Pony Verma|Pony Prakash Raj]]|| ''[[Ooh La La (Shreya Ghoshal and Bappi Lahiri song)|Ooh La La]] – [[The Dirty Picture]]''
|}

==See also==
* [[Zee Cine Awards]]
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Zee Cine Awards|state=expanded}}
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards]]
[[Category:2012 in Macau]]
[[Category:2012 Indian film awards]]

[[de:Zee Cine Award/Bester Liedtext]]

Indian cricket team in England in 1932

2023-01-07T15:13:08Z

Abhi911: Edit

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
[[File:1932 Indian Test Cricket team.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The touring Indian team]]
The '''[[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]]''' toured England in the [[1932 English cricket season|1932 season]] under the title of "All-India".<ref name=WA>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155211.html The All India team in England 1932]</ref> They were captained by the [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji|Maharaja of Porbandar]]. It was the national team's second tour of England following the [[Indian cricket team in England in 1911|one in 1911]]. India had just been granted the status of [[International Cricket Council|ICC Full Member]] and they played their inaugural [[Test cricket|Test match]] at [[Lord's]] in June. It was the only Test arranged on this tour and [[England cricket team|England]] won by 158 runs after scoring 259 and 275/8[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] in the two innings while India were bowled out for 189 and 187.<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/14/14312.html England v India, Lord's, 1932 – scorecard]</ref>

India played 37 matches on the tour, including 26 [[first-class cricket|first-class]] fixtures. Because of bad weather, two of their minor fixtures were abandoned without a ball being bowled.<ref name=fixtures>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/0/India_in_British_Isles_1932.html India in British Isles 1932]</ref> The team won nine first-class matches, drew nine and lost eight. The schedule was heavy with the team rarely out of action from the first match on 29 April to the last on 10 September. ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' (''Wisden'') commented on this factor as something Indian cricketers of the time were simply not used to. As a result, the team suffered badly with muscle and tendon injuries which meant they became less effective as a team in their later matches.<ref name=WA/>

India's outstanding batsman was the right-handed [[C. K. Nayudu]], who played in all the first-class matches, scoring 1,618 runs at an average of 40.45, including five centuries and a highest score of 162.<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/0/India_in_British_Isles_1932/f_Indians_Batting.html Indian batting records 1932]</ref> In the 1933 edition of ''Wisden'', Nayudu was selected as one of the five [[Wisden Cricketers of the Year|Cricketers of the Year]] for 1932. India had a fine pair of opening bowlers in [[Amar Singh (cricketer)|Amar Singh]] (111 wickets in first-class matches at 20.37) and [[Mohammad Nissar]] (71 wickets at 18.09). Amar Singh took [[ten wickets in a match]] three times and had a best innings return of 8/90.<ref>[http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Events/0/India_in_British_Isles_1932/f_Indians_Bowling.html Indian bowling records 1932]</ref>

==Indian tour squad==
{{Div col}}
* [[Natwarsinhji Bhavsinhji|Maharaja of Porbandar]] (captain)
* [[Ghanshyamsinhji Daulatsinhji Jhala|K. S. G. Limbdi]] (vice-captain)
* [[C. K. Nayudu]] (Test captain)
* [[Amar Singh (cricketer)|Amar Singh]]
* [[Sorabji Colah]]
* [[Ghulam Mohammad (cricketer, born 1898)|Ghulam Mohammad]]
* [[Shankarrao Godambe]]
* [[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|M. Jahangir Khan]]
* [[Joginder Singh (cricketer, born 1904)|Joginder Singh]]
* [[Bahadur Kapadia]] (wk)
* [[Lall Singh]]
* [[Nariman Marshall]]
* [[Mohammad Nissar]]
* [[Naoomal Jeoomal]]
* [[Janardan Navle]] (wk)
* [[Nazir Ali (cricketer)|S. Nazir Ali]]
* [[Phiroze Palia]]
* [[Wazir Ali|S. Wazir Ali]]
{{Div col end}}
[[Ramachandra Guha]], commenting on the selection, said that it "nicely reflected the balance of communal interests".<ref name=RG194>{{cite book |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |author-link=Ramachandra Guha |title=A Corner of a Foreign Field – The Indian History of a British Sport |page=194 |year=2002 |publisher=Picador |location=London |isbn=0-330-49117-2}}</ref> There were seven Hindus, four Muslims, four Parsees and two Sikhs. A number of players, including [[Vijay Merchant]], refused to participate because of unrest at home and in support of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] who had been arrested in January 1932.<ref>Guha, p. 193.</ref> Porbandar was the nominal captain but he played little and Nayudu was the ''de facto'' captain.<ref name=RG194/> In the times when only Royals used to be Captains, the Maharja of Porbandar official Captain and the official vice-captain Raja of Limbdi both stood down, in rare gesture of sportsmanship and cause of India for the Test match so that more talented Nayudu could lead the team.<ref name=k/> Thus due to their sacrifice of posts, the 1st Captain to lead India in Test series is recorded as C K Nayudu<ref name=k>Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas : A brief history & glory: Section: History of Rajput Surnames, their origin and myths : sub-section : History of Jethwas : by Raja Pawan Jethwa (2007). pp 81–82.</ref>

==Test series==
===Only Test===
{{Test match
| date = 25–28 June 1932
| team1 = {{cr-rt|England}}
| team2 = {{cr|British India}}

| score-team1-inns1 = 259 (105.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Douglas Jardine|D. R. Jardine]] 79
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Mohammad Nissar]] 5/93 (26 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 189 (93 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[C. K. Nayudu]] 40
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Bill Bowes|W. E. Bowes]] 4/49 (30 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 275/8[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (110 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Douglas Jardine|D. R. Jardine]] 85
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|M. Jahangir Khan]] 4/60 (30 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 187 (59.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Amar Singh (cricketer)|L. Amar Singh]] 51
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Wally Hammond|W. R. Hammond]] 3/9 (5.3 overs)

| result = England won by 158 runs
| venue = [[Lord's]]
| umpires = [[Frank Chester (umpire)|F. Chester]] (Eng) and [[Joe Hardstaff Sr|J. Hardstaff Sr]] (Eng)
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14312.html Scorecard] 
[http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/151765.html ''Wisden'' summary]
| toss = England won the toss and decided to bat
| rain = 3-day Test
}}

===Teams in batting order===
England: [[Percy Holmes|P. Holmes]], [[Herbert Sutcliffe|H. Sutcliffe]], [[Frank Woolley|F. E. Woolley]], [[Wally Hammond|W. R. Hammond]], [[Douglas Jardine|D. R. Jardine]] (captain), [[Eddie Paynter|E. Paynter]], [[Les Ames|L. E. G. Ames]] (wk), [[Walter Robins|R. W. V. Robins]], [[Freddie Brown (cricketer)|F. R. Brown]], [[Bill Voce|W. Voce]], [[Bill Bowes|W. E. Bowes]].

India: [[Janardan Navle|J. G. Navle]] (wk), [[Naoomal Jeoomal]], [[Wazir Ali|S. Wazir Ali]], [[C. K. Nayudu]] (captain), [[Sorabji Colah|S. H. M. Colah]], [[Nazir Ali (cricketer)|S. Nazir Ali]], [[Phiroze Palia|P. E. Palia]], [[Lall Singh]], [[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|M. Jahangir Khan]], [[Amar Singh (cricketer)|L. Amar Singh]], [[Mohammad Nissar]].

==First-class matches==
In addition to the Lord's Test, India played in 25 first-class matches. They visited all 17 County Championship teams for 19 matches ([[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] and [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] twice). Their other six first-class opponents were [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC), [[Cambridge University Cricket Club|Cambridge University]], [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Scotland national cricket team|Scotland]] (at [[Forthill]], [[Dundee]]), [[Non-international England cricket teams|an England XI]] (at [[Cheriton Road]], [[Folkestone]]) and [[H. D. G. Leveson Gower|H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI]] (at [[North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough]] in the [[Scarborough Festival]]).<ref name=fixtures/>

Two Indian players who were unavailable for India played against them. These were [[Duleepsinhji]] and [[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi]] who were both England players. They represented their counties, [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] and [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] respectively.<ref name=RG194/> The third and final day of the match against MCC in May was lost to the weather and the result was a draw, but Nayudu had shown his quality with an innings of 118 [[not out]], scoring more than half of his team's runs.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14223.html MCC v Indians – scorecard]</ref> Guha said it was his best innings of the tour and he hit a six which sent the ball so far that it "was last seen leaving the Home of Cricket in an easterly direction".<ref name=RG194/>

Apart from England, India's strongest opponents were county champions [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]. The Indians met them at [[St George's Road Cricket Ground, Harrogate|St George's Road, Harrogate]] from 16 to 19 July and were defeated by a six-wicket margin. Yorkshire didn't field their strongest team (for example, Herbert Sutcliffe didn't play) and they were reduced to ten batsmen by a first day injury to [[Maurice Leyland]]. Yorkshire won the toss and decided to field. India, with a top score of 48 by Naoomal Jaoomal, were all out for 160 on the Saturday, [[Hedley Verity]] taking five for 65. Yorkshire were 14 for two at the close and declared at 161 for eight on Monday. India were then taken apart by [[George Macaulay]] and Verity. Macaulay achieved a career-best eight for 21. India's second innings lasted only 25 overs and they were all out for 66. Remarkably, that total included a [[century (cricket)|half-century]] as Nazir Ali scored 52; the next best score was 5 – the number of [[Extra (cricket)|extras]]. Yorkshire with 68 for four rounded things off on the Tuesday morning.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14377.html Yorkshire v Indians – scorecard]</ref>

Far from being demoralised by their experience in Harrogate, the Indians went straight down to Lord's for the match against [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] from 20 to 22 July. It ended in a draw but the Indians opened with 409 for seven declared and forced Middlesex to [[follow on]]. Jaoomal and Nayudu both scored centuries.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14382.html Middlesex v Indians – scorecard]</ref> India's injury problems took their toll as the tour neared completion. At Folkestone in September, they lost to the England XI, which was by no means a Test-standard team, by an innings and 40 runs. Their last match in England was the Scarborough Festival game against Leveson Gower's XI and they were again struggling but this time saved by the weather, the match ending as a draw after the whole of the second day's play was lost.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14488.html Leveson Gower's XI v Indians – scorecard]</ref>

==Other matches==
India played in thirteen minor matches against a variety of opponents, travelling as far north as [[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]] for one match. Fifteen minor matches were scheduled but two, in [[Aldershot]] and [[Sunderland]], were completely lost to bad weather. The latter of those was a match against [[Durham County Cricket Club|Durham]], then a member of the [[Minor Counties Cricket Championship]]. India played against four other minor counties.<ref name=fixtures/>

They lost only one of the minor matches, conceding a surprisingly heavy defeat at [[West Park, West Bridgford]] in a two-day match against [[Julien Cahn|Sir Julien Cahn's XI]] by an innings and 26 runs. Apart from Cahn himself, his team was near enough county strength. It included Walter Robins, [[Denijs Morkel]], [[Len Richmond]] and [[George Heane]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/105/105836.html Sir Julien Cahn's XI v Indians – scorecard]</ref>

==Aftermath==
''Wisden'' summarised the tour as one of "immense value to the Indians themselves who, about the middle of the summer, were fifty per cent better than when they arrived, and the lessons they learned will no doubt be passed on to the Indian cricketers of the future".<ref name=WA/> India's next Test match in December 1933, their first at home, was against England to commence [[English cricket team in India in 1933–34|a three-match series]] which England won 2–0. Nayudu and Jardine were again the team captains.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Annual reviews==
* {{cite book |last=Wisden |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, 70th edition |edition=1948 |editor-last=Caine |editor-first=C. Stewart |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd |location=London}}

==Further reading==
* [[Bill Frindall]], ''The Wisden Book of Test Cricket 1877-1978'', Wisden, 1979

{{Indian cricket tours of England}}
{{International cricket tours of England}}

[[Category:1932 in English cricket]]
[[Category:1932 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:English cricket seasons in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Indian cricket tours of England|1932]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1918–19 to 1945]]

Water table

2022-02-04T00:13:16Z

Abhi911: Just completed a new chapter.

{{Short description|Top of a saturated aquifer, or where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure}}
{{For|the architectural feature|Water table (architecture)}}
[[File:Water table.svg|thumb|350px|Cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table]]
[[Image:Vadose zone.gif|thumb|250px|Cross-section of a hillslope depicting the [[vadose zone]], [[capillary fringe]], water table, and the [[phreatic]] or saturated zone. ''(Source: [[United States Geological Survey]].)'']]
The '''water table''' is the upper surface of the [[Phreatic zone|zone of saturation]]. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/hydr/concepts/gwater/wattable.htm|title=What is the Water Table?|website=imnh.isu.edu|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> It can also be simply explained as the depth below which the ground is saturated.

The water table is the surface where the water [[Hydraulic head|pressure head]] is equal to the [[atmospheric pressure]] (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with [[groundwater]] in a given vicinity.<ref name="groundwater">{{cite book |last1=Freeze |first1=R. Allan |first2=John A. |last2=Cherry |year=1979 |title=Groundwater |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=9780133653120 |oclc=252025686}}{{page needed}}</ref>

The groundwater may be from [[precipitation]] or from groundwater flowing into the aquifer. In areas with sufficient precipitation, water infiltrates through pore spaces in the soil, passing through the unsaturated zone. At increasing depths, water fills in more of the pore spaces in the soils, until a zone of saturation is reached. Below the water table, in the [[phreatic zone]] (zone of saturation), layers of permeable rock that yield groundwater are called [[aquifer|aquifers.]] In less permeable soils, such as tight bedrock formations and historic lakebed deposits, the water table may be more difficult to define.

The water table should not be confused with the [[water level]] in a deeper well. If a deeper aquifer has a lower permeable unit that confines the upward flow, then the water level in this aquifer may rise to a level that is greater or less than the elevation of the actual water table. The elevation of the water in this deeper well is dependent upon the pressure in the deeper aquifer and is referred to as the [[potentiometric surface]], not the water table.<ref name="groundwater" />

== Form ==
The water table may vary due to seasonal changes such as [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] and [[evapotranspiration]]. In undeveloped regions with permeable soils that receive sufficient amounts of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], the water table typically slopes toward rivers that act to drain the groundwater away and release the pressure in the aquifer. [[Spring (hydrology)|Spring]]s, [[river]]s, [[lake]]s and [[oasis|oases]] occur when the water table reaches the surface. Groundwater entering rivers and lakes accounts for the base-flow water levels in water bodies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1139/pdf/part1bb.pdf|title=Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource - U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139|last1=Winter|first1=Thomas C|last2=Harvey|first2=Judson W|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

=== Surface topography ===
Within an aquifer, the water table is rarely horizontal, but reflects the surface relief due to the capillary effect ([[capillary fringe]]) in [[soil]]s, [[sediment]]s and other [[porous media]]. In the aquifer, groundwater flows from points of higher pressure to points of lower pressure, and the direction of groundwater flow typically has both a horizontal and a vertical component. The slope of the water table is known as the hydraulic gradient, which depends on the rate at which water is added to and removed from the aquifer and the permeability of the material. The water table does not always mimic the topography due to variations in the underlying geological structure (e.g., folded, faulted, fractured bedrock).

=== Perched water tables ===
A perched water table (or perched aquifer) is an aquifer that occurs above the regional water table. This occurs when there is an impermeable layer of rock or sediment ([[aquiclude]]) or relatively impermeable layer ([[aquitard]]) above the main water table/aquifer but below the land surface. If a perched aquifer's flow intersects the surface, at a valley wall, for example, the water is discharged as a [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]].

== Fluctuations ==
[[File:Water table-season fluctuation.svg|thumb|350px|Seasonal fluctuations in the water table-during the dry season, river beds may dry up.]]

=== Tidal fluctuations ===
On low-lying [[Island#Oceanic islands|oceanic islands]] with porous soil, [[freshwater]] tends to collect in [[Lens (geology)|lenticular]] pools on top of the denser [[seawater]] intruding from the sides of the islands. Such an island's freshwater lens, and thus the water table, rises and falls with the tides.

=== Seasonal fluctuations ===
In some regions, for example, [[Great Britain]] or [[California]], [[winter]] [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is often higher than [[summer]] precipitation and so the groundwater storage is not fully recharged in summer. Consequently, the water table is lower during the summer. This disparity between the level of the winter and summer water table is known as the "zone of intermittent saturation", wherein the water table will fluctuate in response to climatic conditions.

=== Long-term fluctuations ===
[[Fossil water]] is groundwater that has remained in an aquifer for several millennia and occurs mainly in [[desert]]s. It is non-renewable by present-day [[rainfall]] due to its depth below the surface, and any extraction causes a permanent change in the water table in such regions.

==Effects on crop yield==
[[File: Rudd PartReg.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Yield of sugarcane versus depth of the water table, Australia. The critical depth is 0.6 m.<ref>Rudd, A.V. and C.W Chardon 1977. ''The effects of drainage on cane yields as measured by water table height in the Machnade Mill area.'' In: Proceedings of the 44th Conference of the Queensland Society of Sugar Cane Technology, Australia.</ref><ref>[https://www.waterlog.info/partreg.htm Software for partial regression with horizontal segment]</ref>]]

Most crops need a water table at a minimum depth.<ref>''Crop Yield versus Depth of the Ground Water Table, Statistical Analysis of Data Measured in Farm Lands Aiming at the Formulation of Drainage Needs.'' International Journal of Agriculural Science, 6, 174-187. Online: [https://www.iaras.org/iaras/filedownloads/ijas/2021/014-0023(2021).pdf] or [https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/Crop%20yield%20and%20depth%20of%20water%20table.pdf]</ref> For some important food and fiber crops a classification was made<ref>Nijland, H.J. and S. El Guindy 1984.''Crop yields, soil salinity and water table depth in the Nile Delta''. In: ILRI Annual Report 1983, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 19–29. Online: [https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/egypt.pdf]</ref> because at shallower depths the crop suffers a yield decline.<ref>K.J.Lenselink et al. ''Crop tolerance to shallow water tables''. Online: [https://www.waterlog.info/cropwat.htm]</ref> For some important food and fiber crops a classification was made:<ref>Nijland, H.J. and S. El Guindy 1984.''Crop yields, soil salinity and water table depth in the Nile Delta''. In: ILRI Annual Report 1983, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 19–29. Online: [https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/egypt.pdf]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Crop and location || DWT tolerance || Classification || Explanation
|-
| Wheat, Nile Delta, Egypt || 45 || Very tolerant || Resists shallow water tables
|-
| Sugar cane, Australia || 60 || Tolerant || The water table should be deeper than 60 cm
|-
| Banana, Surinam || 70 || Slightly sensitive || Yield declines at water tables < 70 cm deep
|-
| Cotton, Nile Delta || 90 || Sensitive || Cotton needs dry feet, water table should be deep
|}
:(Where DWT = depth to water table in centimetres)

== Effects on construction ==
[[File:Elvis in Berlin.jpg|thumb|Blue pipes to remove groundwater in [[Berlin]]]]

When the water table is close to the surface, groundwater must be removed during construction. This is conspicuous in [[Berlin]], which is built on sandy, marshy ground, and the water table is generally 2 meters below the surface. Pink and blue pipes can often be seen carrying groundwater from construction sites into the [[Spree (river)|Spree]] river (or canals).{{citation needed|date = June 2023}}

== See also ==
* {{annotated link|Artesian aquifer}}
* {{annotated link|Groundwater recharge}}
* {{annotated link|Hydrogeology}}
* {{annotated link|Watertable control}}

==References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Agricultural water management}}

[[Category:Aquifers]]
[[Category:Hydrology]]
[[Category:Hydrogeology]]
[[Category:Irrigation]]
[[Category:Water supply]]
[[Category:Water and the environment]]
[[Category:Karst]]