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Gauravi Kumari

2026-05-05T19:06:51Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created some biography more to come...

{{Short description|Member of the Jaipur Royal family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gauravi Kumari
| birth_date = {{circa|1999}}
| alma_mater = {{plain list|
* [[New York University]]
* [[Mayo College Girls School]]
}}
| mother = [[Diya Kumari]]
| father = Narendra Singh
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Padmanabh Singh]] (brother)|[[Lakshraj Prakash]] (brother)}}
}}
'''Gauravi Kumari''' (born 1999) is the second child of [[Diya Kumari]] and her former husband Narendra Singh, and a grandchild of [[Bhawani Singh]] and [[Padmini Devi]].<ref name=":5" />

== Early life, family, and education ==
Gauravi was born to [[Diya Kumari]] and Narendra Singh in 1999.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=JAIPUR |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaipur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504002808/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaipur.html |archive-date=2017-05-04 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> She has an older brother, [[Padmanabh Singh]], and a younger brother, [[Lakshraj Prakash]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Verve/smXfAAAAMAAJ |title=Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman |date=2006 |publisher=Indian and Eastern Engineer Limited |pages=224 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taknet |first=D. K. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Jaipur_Gem_of_India/5tCeDAAAQBAJ |title=Jaipur: Gem of India |last2=IntegralDMS |date=2016-07-07 |publisher=IntegralDMS |isbn=978-1-942322-05-4 |pages=185 |language=en}}</ref> She first studied at [[Mayo College Girls School]] in [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-12-20 |title='Princess of Jaipur' Gauravi Kumari’s style era has officially arrived |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/celeb-style/princess-of-jaipur-gauravi-kumaris-style-era-has-officially-arrived/photostory/126090427.cms |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=Jaipur's princess Gauravi Kumari stuns in a series of ‘high-fashion’ looks, from glam gowns to chic blazers. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/jaipur-princess-gauravi-kumari-stuns-in-a-series-of-high-fashion-looks-from-glam-gowns-to-chic-blazers-see-pics-101766206636650.html |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Following that, she went to [[New York University]] and graduated with a degree in media and communication.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She made her debut at the [[Le Bal des Débutantes]] in [[Paris]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-11-27 |title=Jaipur’s royalty graces Paris ball |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/jaipurs-royalty-graces-paris-ball/articleshow/61821974.cms |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodgers |first=Barry |date=2017-11-28 |title=Karan Johar's new heroine makes debut at Le Bal in Paris |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/karan-johar-ananya-pandey-student-year-paris-ball/ |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}</ref> In December 2018, her parents started divorce proceedings, which were finalised that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-01-16 |title=After 21 years, Rajasthan ex-royal Diya Kumari, her hubby separated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/after-21-yrs-raj-ex-royal-diya-her-hubby-separated/articleshow/67548917.cms |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Prakash |date=2023-12-14 |title=A princess who will be Deputy Chief Minister |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/a-princess-who-will-be-the-deputy-chief-minister |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Following her studies at the Mayo, she [[Intern|interned]] at the New York-based [[Paper (magazine)|Paper]] magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Here’s Everything To Know About Gauravi Kumari, The Modern Jaipur Royalty |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/in-other-news/everything-to-know-about-gauravi-kumari-princess-of-jaipur/ |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=ScoopWhoop |language=en}}</ref> Gauravi has been involved in charitable work since 2019, when she joined the [[Princess Diya Kumari Foundation]], an organisation founded by her mother, as its General Secretary.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Assomull |first=Sujata |date=2025-06-03 |title=Beyond Bollywood: The new playbook for Indian brand ambassadors |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/beyond-bollywood-the-new-playbook-for-indian-brand-ambassadors |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Gauravi Kumari On Taking Jaipur’s Heritage And Culture, Global {{!}} Grazia India |url=https://www.grazia.co.in/people/gauravi-kumari-on-taking-jaipurs-heritage-and-culture-global-14157.html |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=www.grazia.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Her charitable work focuses primarily on the empowerment of women and girls in rural [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":2" /> She co-founded the PDKF Store with French designer Claire Deroo in 2021.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The reign makers |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-reign-makers/articleshow/126324901.html |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, she collaborated with [[Anita Dongre]] and presented a fashion show called “Rewild 23” to raise money for nature and elephant conservation.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Rosario |first=Moira Del |date=2025-09-09 |title=Gauravi Kumari: Royal Heritage & Modern Fashion Influence |url=https://mega-asia.com/women/spotlight/gauravi-kumari/ |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=mega-asia.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zamindar |first=Shriya |date=2023-11-06 |title=The Anita Dongre Rewild’23 fundraiser at the City Palace in Jaipur was a tasteful display of fashion for a cause |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/anita-dongres-rewild23-fundraiser-at-the-city-palace-in-jaipur-was-a-tasteful-display-of-fashion-for-a-cause |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> All profits from it were donated to the [[Nature Conservation Foundation]].<ref name=":4" /> She later founded The Palace Atelier at the [[City Palace, Jaipur]], with Deroo in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarda |first=Shalbha |date=2025-01-26 |title=Jaipur Princess Gauravi Kumari’s Palace Atelier Pays Homage to Rajasthan’s Vibrant Cultural Tapestry |url=https://www.admiddleeast.com/story/jaipur-princess-gauravi-kumari-the-palace-atelier-pays-homage-to-rajasthans-vibrant-cultural-tapestry |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=AD Middle East |language=en-AE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crossley |first=Isabelle |date=2024-04-16 |title=The Palace Atelier launches in Jaipur to blend luxury fashion and heritage crafts |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/The-palace-atelier-launches-in-jaipur-to-blend-luxury-fashion-and-heritage-crafts,1624168.html |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=FashionNetwork.com |language=en-IN}}</ref> She is a brand ambassador for brands such as [[Jimmy Choo (fashion house)|Jimmy Choo]] and Kama Ayurveda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sachar |first=Anjan |date=2025-04-11 |title=Kama Ayurveda gets an upgrade and a new brand ambassador, Gauravi Kumari of Jaipur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/kama-ayurveda-gets-an-upgrade-and-a-new-brand-ambassador-gauravi-kumari-of-jaipur/article69426027.ece |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Vogue |date=2024-05-21 |title=Jimmy Choo announces Princess Gauravi Kumari as their new brand ambassador |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/jimmy-choo-pulls-in-princess-gauravi-kumari-as-their-new-brand-ambassador |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kumari attended the 2026 [[Met Gala]] dressed by designer [[Prabal Gurung]]; she wore a gown made from her grandmother [[Gayatri Devi]]'s old [[Chiffon (fabric)|chiffon]] [[Sari|saree]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Vogue |date=2026-05-04 |title=At their Met Gala 2026 debut, Princess Gauravi Kumari channels Maharani Gayatri Devi while Sawai Padmanabh Singh brings the Phulghar coat to the red carpet |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/at-their-met-gala-2026-debut-princess-gauravi-kumari-channels-maharani-gayatri-devi-while-sawai-padmanabh-singh-brings-the-phulghar-coat-to-the-red-carpet |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Awards ==
In 2022, Travel + Leisure India & South Asia awarded her its inaugural T+L Champion award for women empowerment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-19 |title=India’s Best Awards: Here Are The T+L Champions |url=https://www.travelandleisureasia.com/in/tnl/indias-t-l-champions-2022/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Travel and Leisure Asia {{!}} India |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Gauravi}}
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mayo College Girls School alumni]]
[[Category:New York University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Puducherry Makkal Congress

2026-05-03T09:49:55Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created Article!

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more refs|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Puducherry Makkal Congress
| colorcode = {{party color|Puducherry Makkal Congress}}
| leader = [[A Elumalai]]
| merged = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| successor = [[Puducherry Munnetra Congress|PMC]]
| foundation = 2000
| founder = P. Kannan
| split = [[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC(M)]]
| dissolved = 2002
| national = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]&[[DMK-led Alliance|DMK+]]
| country = India
| symbol = [[File:India Election Symbol Temple Bell.jpg|90px]]
}}

The '''Pondicherry Makkal Congress''', or '''Puducherry Makkal Congress''' (Puducherry Popular Congress), was a [[political party]] in the [[India]]n union territory [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] (formerly known as Pondicherry). The PMC was formed as a splinter group of the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]]. It was founded by former member of parliament former speaker P Kannan The leader of the PMC was Abar Elumalai. In the assembly elections of Puducherry in 2001, the PMC won four seat (out of 30).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/PDF/Se2001.PDF |title=Union Territory of Pondicherry Assembly - General Elections - 2001 |date= |author= |access-date= 4 September 2022}}</ref><ref name=election2001>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3436-puducherry-2001/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2001 to the Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> Until 2001, the PMC supported the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]], but then it started to support [[Indian National Congress]]. In August 2002 the PMC merged with the INC.

However, P. Kannan left Congress after that [[Democratic Progressive Alliance]] had allotted the Puducherry seat to [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] ahead of the 2004 [[Lok Sabha]] elections.

During 2005-09, P.Kannan had formed a new party, the [[Puducherry Munnetra Congress]].In 2019 he floated a new political outfit called Makkal Munnetra Congress, later joined [[BJP]] in4 March 2021 and resigned 22 July due Manipur violence & deceased in 6 Nov 2023.

==See also==
*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2004 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2004]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Puducherry]]
[[Category:2002 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2002]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Populist parties]]
[[Category:Recognised state political parties in India]]
[[Category:Social democratic parties in India]]
[[Category:State political parties in Puducherry]]

{{India-party-stub}}

C.C. Ayyappan

2026-05-03T05:52:23Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

[[File:C.C._Ayyappan_(Kerala_MLA).jpg|thumb|C.C. Ayyappan]]'''C.C. Ayyappan''' (1920-1960) was an Indian politician.

Ayyappan was born in 1920.<ref name=nsa>Niyama Sabha. ''[http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m053.htm Members - C. C. Ayyappan]''</ref> He studied up to Pre-Degree.<ref name=nsa/> He was active in the struggle for social upliftment of [[Dalit]]s.<ref name=nsa/>

He was elected as the [[Cochin Party]] candidate for the [[Scheduled Castes]] reserved seat of the [[Wadakkanchery Assembly constituency|Wadakkanchery constituency]] in the [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=ecitc52>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509012706/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_TRAV-COCH.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF TRAVANCORE COCHIN]''</ref><ref name=mtu>Turlach, Manfred. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Kerala/bi0NAQAAIAAJ Kerala: Politisch-soziale Struktur und Entwicklung eines indischen Bundeslandes]''. Harrassowitz, 1970. p. 120</ref> Ayyappan won the reserved seat, obtaining 11,085 votes - defeating the [[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|socialist]] candidate Karappan by a margin of 282 votes.<ref name=ecitc52/> Ayyappan was the sole winning candidate of the Cochin Party.<ref name=ecitc52/>

In the subsequent [[1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]] he contested the Wadakkanchery reserved seat as a [[Communist Party of India]] candidate.<ref name=mtu/><ref>Fisher, Margaret Welpley, and Bondurant, Joan Valérie. ''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Indian_Experience_with_Democratic_El/wg82AAAAIAAJ The Indian Experience with Democratic Elections]''. University of California, 1956. p. 9</ref> He retained the seat, obtaining 25,487 votes against 21,885 votes for the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Koman.<ref name=ecitc54>Election Commission of India. ''[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1954/StatRep_TravCochin_1954.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1954 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF TRAVANCORE COCHIN]''</ref>

After the creation of the [[Kerala]] state, he was re-elected from the Wadakkanchery constituency in the [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]. He obtained 33,161 votes.<ref name=ecikl57>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424183901/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Kerala_1957.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERALA]''</ref> In the Kerala Legislative Assembly, he was the chairman of the Committee on Petitions for the periods of 1957-1958 and 1958-1959.<ref name=nsa/> He lost the Wadakkanchery seat in the [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], obtaining 44,199 votes.<ref name=ecikl60>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424211750/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1960/StatRep_Kerala_1960.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1960 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERALA]''</ref> C.C. Ayyappan died later the same year.<ref name=nsa/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayyappan}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]

[[Category:Travancore–Cochin MLAs 1952–1954]]
[[Category:Travancore–Cochin MLAs 1954–1956]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1957–1959]]

Amaidhipadai

2026-05-02T20:07:23Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Long plot|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Amaidhipadai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Manivannan]]
| writer = Manivannan
| producer = K. Balachandran [[U. K. Senthil Kumar]] K. N. Ilamurugan
| starring = [[Sathyaraj]] [[Ranjitha]] [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]] [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]]
| cinematography = D. Shankar
| editing = P. Venkateshwara Rao
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = M. R. Films International
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1994|01|13}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Amaidhipadai''''' ({{Translation|Peacekeeping Force}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[political satire]] film, written and directed by [[Manivannan]]. The film stars [[Sathyaraj]] (in a dual role), [[Ranjitha]], [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]] and [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]]. It revolves around a politician who builds his career through unethical means, while his son, an honest law enforcer, seeks to take him down.

''Amaidhipadai'' was released on 13 January 1994. It had a 25-week plus theatrical run and was a [[silver jubilee hit]]. The film has since developed a strong [[Cult film|cult]] following. It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[M. Dharmaraju M.A.]]'' (1994), and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Jallaad]]'' (1995). A [[spiritual successor]], ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' was released in 2013, with Sathyaraj returning.

== Plot ==
In 1968, Amavasai is a lazy and transient, but shrewd man. He gets acquainted with politician Manimaran "Mani", an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Palladam]] constituency belonging to the ruling party. Amavasai helps Mani with some petty tasks during his election campaign. He later becomes Mani's close associate. Meanwhile, Amavasai lusts after a village belle, Thayamma, and manages to entrap her with false promises of love. One day, he drugs and rapes her.

During the prepoll events of the [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], Mani's party refuses to give him the ticket. Mani instructs Amavasai to stand for the MLA election as an independent candidate to teach his party a lesson. Amavasai campaigns hard and also renames himself Nagaraja Cholan (lying about being a [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] descendant) to elevate his social status. Amavasai wins the election by a huge margin, while Mani's party manages to retain power with huge majority. Amavasai rejoins the party immediately and his behaviour also changes as he grows more arrogant much to Mani's shock. After his electoral win, he forces Mani to become his crony.

Amavasai, knowing that a local [[zamindar]] is looking for a groom for his daughter, Sivakami, quickly arranges to be married to her, seeking wealth and respect. He abandons the now pregnant Thayamma. Distraught over this betrayal, Thayamma and her parents call for a [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]], where Amavasai successfully defends himself. Thayamma's family move out of the village to avoid humiliation. Amavasai marries Sivakami and gets her palace as [[Dowry system in India|dowry]]. The same day, Thayamma [[Maternal mortality in India|gives birth to a boy and dies]]. Sivakami vows to be celibate as Amavasai refused to accept Thayamma's infant son.

Over the next 24 years, Amavasai grows into a highly influential and corrupt politician. He builds a strong political network through shortcuts. He has been re-elected to his position as MLA for five elections. To remain in power, he kills anyone who comes in his way. His ultimate goal is to become [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] as he will then be unstoppable.

Raised by his maternal grandparents in a village afar, Thayamma's son, Thangavel becomes a [[Central Reserve Police Force|Reserve Police]] constable. Thangavel is betrothed to a twelfth grade girl, Kuyili. They fall in love, but during their engagement event, a dispute arises as people ask about Thangavel's father's identity, and the wedding is cancelled. An enraged Thangavel asks his grandparents about his father, but they remain silent. He accuses his mother of being characterless to which his grandfather slaps him and tells him about Amavasai. Upon learning the truth about his father and his corruption which led to the betrayal and death of his mother, Thangavel seeks revenge.

Simultaneously, the state assembly is about to be dissolved earlier to hold the general elections. Amavasai realises that even if the party nominates him, the voters will not support him as they are fed up with his corrupted ways. He instigates a caste-based riot in his constituency and pretends to stop it, so that the people will re-elect him. A police inspector, who belongs to the [[Dalit]] caste is burnt alive by Amavasai, and the riot intensifies.

Thangavel is posted as the riot police's head constable where he has to protect Amavasai. Thangavel saves Amavasai from an assassination attempt. Later, he goes to Amavasai's house and reveals his identity. He challenges his father that he will stop all his illegal activities and kill him. Amavasai brushes off his threats.

Thangavel is transferred to regular police and gets posted as a [[Sub-inspector]] in the same area. Thangavel meets Sivakami and realises she is a good woman. He begins to see her as a motherly figure in his life. They decide to plot Amavasai's downfall together. Thangavel informs the CBI of Amavasai's activities while Sivakami plans to testify against Amavasai. Amavasai learns of this and plans to kill both. Thangavel fails to stop Amavasai's henchman from murdering Sivakami. During her funeral, Amavasai feigns grief which provokes Thangavel into beating up Amavasai in public. Thangavel is arrested.

A crooked [[Tantra|tantric]] advises Amavasai to get remarried to a young girl to ensure his re-election. He kidnaps Kuyili and her younger sister. Amavasai forces Kuyili into agreeing to marry him by threatening to kill her sister. He then takes part in a tantric wedding ritual. Thangavel escapes from prison, reaches his father's house, rescues the girls and stops the ritual. After fighting Amavasai and his henchmen, Thangavel holds Amavasai at gunpoint. Amavasai pleads for his life but, remembering all the atrocities committed by his father, including the deaths of his mother and stepmother, Thangavel shoots him. In his dying moments, Amavasai throws flowers on Thangavel and Kuyili, and wishes them well.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
*[[Sathyaraj]] as Thangavel and Amavasai (Nagaraja Cholan)
*[[Ranjitha]] as Kuyil
*[[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]] as Thayamma
*[[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Sivakami
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Thangavel's uncle
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Thayamma's father<ref>{{Cite web |last=கண்ணன் |first=சுரேஷ் |date=3 August 2023 |title=அமைதிப்படை: `சோழர் பரம்பரையில் ஒரு எம்.எல்.ஏ' - அன்றே அலப்பறை கிளப்பிய சத்யராஜ் - மணிவண்ணன் காம்போ! |trans-title=Amaidhipadai: `An MLA from the Chola lineage' - The Sathyaraj - Manivannan combo that caused a stir back in the day! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/amaidhi-padai-a-pathbreaking-political-satire-film-from-sathyaraj-and-manivannan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611233246/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/amaidhi-padai-a-pathbreaking-political-satire-film-from-sathyaraj-and-manivannan |archive-date=11 June 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]] as Kuyili's father

*[[Gandhimathi]] as Thayamma's mother
*[[C. R. Saraswathi]] as Kuyili's mother
*Baby Aarthi as Kuyili's sister


*[[Halwa Vasu|Madurai Vasu]] as Amavasai's assistant<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2017 |title=கிடார் கலைஞன் டு காமெடி நடிகர்... 'அல்வா' வாசுவின் மறுபக்கம்! |trans-title=From Guitarist to comedian... The other side of 'Halwa' Vasu! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/99392-actor-alwa-vasu-cinema-life-and-his-dream |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524041548/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/99392-actor-alwa-vasu-cinema-life-and-his-dream |archive-date=24 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Cinema Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
*[[Manivannan]] as Manimaran

;Uncredited
*[[Meesai Murugesan]] as Sivakami's father
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]] as the astrologer
*[[Seeman]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=அமைதி படை படத்தில் சீமான் நடித்த காட்சியை பார்த்துள்ளீர்களா. இதோ வீடீயோவை பாருங்க. |trans-title=Have you seen the scene where Seeman acted in the film ''Amaidhipadai''? Watch the video here |url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/actor-seeman-scene-in-sathyarajs-superhit-movie-amaithipadi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712132726/https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/actor-seeman-scene-in-sathyarajs-superhit-movie-amaithipadi/ |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Behind Talkies |language=ta}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
[[Sathyaraj]] was enjoying good success as a lead actor, when his friend, director [[Manivannan]] narrated the script of ''Amaidhipadai'' to him. He initially considered rejecting the script as he was not interested in playing a negative role. But after being impressed by the narration, he accepted to do the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 December 2013 |title=மணிவண்ணனின் 'அமைதிப்படை' மீண்டும் வில்லனா?: நடிக்க மறுத்தார், சத்யராஜ் |trans-title=Manivannan's ''Amaidhipadai'' a villain again? Sathyaraj initially refused to act |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/08/09225609/manivannan-film-amaithipadai-s.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207142716/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/08/09225609/manivannan-film-amaithipadai-s.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |access-date=19 November 2013 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha |date=4 May 2013 |title=Many Shades of grey |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/many-shades-of-grey/article4683478.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911090548/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/many-shades-of-grey/article4683478.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=17 February 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=இளங்கோவன் |date=13 March 1994 |title=வில்லன் நடிப்பிலும் ஹீரோதான்! |trans-title=Even while playing a villain I'm a hero! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1994-03-13/kalki1994-03-13.pdf |access-date=23 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=4–6 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> While filming the scene where Amavasai (Sathyaraj) rapes Thayamma ([[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]]), Sathyaraj acted carefully to prioritise the actress' comfort; the scene took four hours to shoot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2023 |title='அமைதிப்படை' அல்வா சீனில் அத்துமீறினாரா சத்யராஜ்..? சர்ச்சை பதிவுக்கு கஸ்தூரி கொடுத்த பரபரப்பு விளக்கம் |trans-title=Did Sathyaraj misbehave in the ''Amaidhipadai'' halwa scene? Kasthuri's explanation |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/kasthuri-says-about-acting-with-sathyaraj-in-amaidhipadai-halwa-scene-gan-s4pnxf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305052859/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/kasthuri-says-about-acting-with-sathyaraj-in-amaidhipadai-halwa-scene-gan-s4pnxf |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film, according to [[Ashish Rajadhyaksha]] and [[Paul Willemen]], indirectly criticises the real-life political party [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]'s (DMK) penchant for [[Nepotism#Nepotism in Indian politics|nepotism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=516–517 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaidhi Padai |url=https://gaana.com/album/amaidhi-padai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730090606/https://gaana.com/album/amaidhi-padai |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> The song "Anjugajam Kanchipattu" which features in Manivannan's later film ''[[Raasamahan]]'' (1994) was originally composed for this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=arunachalam |first=Abiram |date=27 August 2023 |title=சீமான் எழுதிய கதை- பிரசாந்தின் ராசாமகன் உருவான கதை |url=https://cinemakaaramcoffee.com/rasa-magan-film-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307052559/https://cinemakaaramcoffee.com/rasa-magan-film-history/ |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=Cinemakaaramcoffee |language=ta}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Artist(s) !! Lyrics
|-
| "Sollividu Velli Nilave"
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
| "Enakku Unnai Ninaicha"
| Swarnalatha
|[[Pulamaipithan]]
|-
| "Ada Naan Aatchu"
| Mano
|Pulamaipithan
|-
| "Muthumani Ther Irukku"
| Mano, [[S. Janaki]]
|Vaali
|-
| "Vetri Varuthu"
| Mano, [[S. N. Surendar]], [[Deepan Chakravarthy]]
|[[Ponnadiyan]]
|-
| "Amma Thaaye"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|
|}

== Release ==
''Amaidhipadai'' was released on 13 January 1994, the week of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shivakumar |first=Vivek |date=13 January 2019 |title=25 Years Of Amaidhi Padai: The {{as written|Polit|ican [sic]}} As The 'Anti Hero' |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/25-years-of-amaidhi-padai-the-politican-as-the-anti-hero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730090716/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/25-years-of-amaidhi-padai-the-politican-as-the-anti-hero/ |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> Despite facing competition from other Pongal releases like ''[[Mahanadhi (1994 film)|Mahanadhi]]'', ''[[Sethupathi IPS]]'' and ''[[Veetla Visheshanga]]'', it emerged a major success,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=17 January 2020 |title=94-ல், பொங்கலுக்கு கமல், விஜயகாந்த், சத்யராஜ், பிரபு, பாக்யராஜ்; 'மகாநதி', 'அமைதிப்படை', 'சேதுபதி ஐபிஎஸ்' செம ஹிட்டு! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/535280-94-pongal-release.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303055738/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/535280-94-pongal-release.html |archive-date=3 March 2020 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> running for over 25 weeks in theatres, thus becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=25 years of Amaidhi Padai: Everything you need to know about the Tamil political satire film; see pics |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/25-years-of-amaidhi-padai-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-tamil-political-satire-film-see-pics/348516 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116213916/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/photo-gallery/25-years-of-amaidhi-padai-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-tamil-political-satire-film-see-pics/348516 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=செல்வராஜ் |first=என். |date=20 March 2017 |title=வெள்ளி விழா கண்ட தமிழ் திரைப்படங்கள் |trans-title=Tamil films that completed silver jubilees |url=http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330010659/http://puthu.thinnai.com/?p=34587 |archive-date=30 March 2017 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=Thinnai |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded Sathyaraj's performance as Amavasai, adding, "The scenes of the steady rise of the sly cunning man have been well built up by Manivannan. The dialogues are provocative and delivered in his inimitable way by Sathyaraj".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=28 January 1994 |title=Best as villain |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940128&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote "A pretty much straight-forward story but it is Manivannan's super handling and interesting dialogues that place this movie above the average".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=12 February 1994 |title=Sathyaraj plays double role in political movie |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8TpOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1xMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3501%2C339287 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418034533/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8TpOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1xMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3501%2C339287 |archive-date=18 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=13 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Thulasi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt the film's story was similar to ''[[Mr. Bharath]]'' (1986), only the screenplay and dialogues were different, praised the performances of Sathyaraj and Manivannan but felt Sundarrajan and Ranjitha were underutilised and found stunts as childish and also there were too many songs but the background music was superb.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=துளசி |date=13 February 1994 |title=அமைதிப்படை |url=https://ibb.co/jbGR8K4 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712130859/https://ibb.co/jbGR8K4 |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=16 |language=Ta}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
''Amaidhipadai'' attained [[Cult film|cult status]] in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2012 |title=A sequel to Amaidhi Padai? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/A-sequel-to-Amaidhi-Padai/articleshow/15306219.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260319081808/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/A-sequel-to-Amaidhi-Padai/articleshow/15306219.cms |archive-date=19 March 2026 |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Following Manivannan's death in June 2013, ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that this film "set the standards for political satire" in the industry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Karthik |date=15 June 2013 |title=Master of character roles Manivannan passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/master-of-character-roles-manivannan-passes-away/article4817104.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509102355/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/master-of-character-roles-manivannan-passes-away/article4817104.ece |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[M. Dharmaraju M.A.]]'' (1994), and in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Jallaad]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2012 |title=Director Manivannan returns with 'Amaidhipadai' sequel |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/oct/12/director-manivannan-returns-with-amaidhipadai-sequel-414681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521144243/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2012/oct/12/director-manivannan-returns-with-amaidhipadai-sequel-414681.html |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=25 April 2020 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Manivannan directed a [[spiritual successor]] titled ''[[Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA]]'' (2013) with Sathyaraj reprising the role of Amavasai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha |date=11 May 2013 |title=Fifty and counting |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fifty-and-counting/article4706162.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911090024/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fifty-and-counting/article4706162.ece |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=17 February 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Sathyaraj again reprised the role in ''[[Tughlaq Durbar]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrikrishna |first=Aditya |date=11 September 2021 |title=Tughlaq Durbar Review: A Fun, Laidback Political Satire |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/tughlaq-durbar-review-tamil-movies-vijay-sethupathi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102162017/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/tughlaq-durbar-review-tamil-movies-vijay-sethupathi |archive-date=2 November 2021 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref> Sathyaraj played Amavasai's son, MLA Pournami, in ''[[Love Marriage (2025 film)|Love Marriage]]'' (2025).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Love Marriage |type=Motion picture |language=Ta |publisher=Assure Films and Rise East Entertainment |year=2025 |time=1:10:19}}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]]-remastered version of the film with [[Dolby]] sound was released on 10 April 2026, two weeks before the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2026 |title=‘Amaidhipadai’: Sathyaraj’s cult classic political satire to re-release in theatres soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amaidhipadai-re-release-sathyaraj-manivannan-political-satire-tn-elections-2026/article70815601.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404082221/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amaidhipadai-re-release-sathyaraj-manivannan-political-satire-tn-elections-2026/article70815601.ece |archive-date=4 April 2026 |access-date=4 April 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=K.C. Vijaya |date=11 April 2026 |title=Amaidhipadai re-release: a political film that still hits hard |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/amaidhipadai-re-release-a-political-film-that-still-hits-hard/article70850305.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424040947/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/amaidhipadai-re-release-a-political-film-that-still-hits-hard/article70850305.ece/amp/ |archive-date=24 April 2026 |access-date=24 April 2026 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Manivannan}}

{{Improve categories|date=April 2024}}
[[Category:1990s police films]]
[[Category:1990s political satire films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about elections]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about patricide]]
[[Category:Films directed by Manivannan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films set in 1968]]
[[Category:Films set in 1971]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian political satire films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language political satire films]]

Geetha Kailasam

2026-04-29T07:11:53Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian film actress and producer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Geetha Kailasam
| image =
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| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1996-2004 2018-present
| spouse = [[Bala Kailasam]]
| domestic_partner =
| children =
| parents = [[K. Balachander]] (father-in-law)
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}}
'''Geetha Kailasam''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] film producer and actress who has been predominantly working on [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] films. Her father-in-law [[K. Balachander]] was a veteran film director and her husband [[Bala Kailasam]] was also a filmmaker.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2019-12-11 |title=KB sir never asked if I wanted to act: Geetha Kailasam |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2019/12/10/kb-sir-never-asked-if-i-wanted-to-act-geetha-kailasam |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> She produced films under the production banner Minbimbangal.

== Career ==
She pursued her career as a [[chartered accountant]], although she initially developed a firm interest and passion towards pursuing her career in acting.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-27 |title=`கணவரின் இழப்பு; 50 வயதில் சினிமா வாய்ப்புக்கான ஓட்டம்...' - நடிகை கீதா கைலாசம் ஷேரிங்ஸ் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actress-geetha-kailasam-shares-about-her-film-experiences |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Vikatan |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title="நடிக்கணும்ங்கிறது இருபது வயசுல இருந்தே எனக்குக் கனவு!" |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/actress-geetha-kailasam-interview |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Vikatan}}</ref> Following her marriage with K. Balachander's son, [[Bala Kailasam]], she took over the control of the Minbimbangal film production banner by auditing financial statements and later gradually began concentrating on producing commercial feature films, while also balancing her career aspirations as a chartered accountant.<ref name=":0" /> She encouraged young female artists to utilise their skills effectively in order to stay relevant in the film industry, as such artists were under the watchful eyes of her during film shooting sessions funded by her film production company Minbimbangal.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=கீதா கைலாசம் நேர்காணல்: யாருக்காகவும் காத்திருக்காதீர்கள்! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/641508-interview-with-geeta-kailash.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref>

She produced television soap operas like [[Anni (TV series)|''Anni'']] and [[Sahana (TV series)|''Sahana'']], which were under the helm of her father-in-law K. Balachander's direction, as he also handled the story and screenplay of such television soap operas.<ref name=":0" /> In April 2018, she directed her debut theatre play titled ''Oru Sila Pala Nimidamum Pechum'' as a tribute to K. Balachander and the play was based on the struggles women face in daily life.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Muralidharan |first=Kavitha |date=2018-04-20 |title='Oru Sila Pala Nimidam': Writer Geetha Kailasam's first play is on a woman's struggle |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/oru-sila-pala-nimidam-writer-geetha-kailasams-first-play-womans-struggle-79903 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2018-04-20 |title=KB daughter-in-law dedicates her first play to him |url=https://www.dtnext.in/lifestyletopnews/2018/04/20/kb-daughterinlaw-dedicates-her-first-play-to-him |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref> Following her husband's death in 2014, she made the decision to act in films to look after her family as a [[Breadwinner model|breadwinner]] and asked for [[Call sheets|callsheets]] from filmmakers to cast her in films.<ref name=":1" />

In 2019, she was signed up to play a role in Ganesh Babu's directorial venture ''[[Kattil]]'', after being approached with the script narrated by Ganesh Babu to her, and upon listening to the script, she felt that there is a scope for her in terms of showcasing her acting potential.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-04 |title=KB’s daughter-in-law is making a debut in filmdom |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kbs-daughter-in-law-is-making-a-debut-in-filmdom/articleshow/72349696.cms |access-date=2024-11-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She began playing supporting roles in films, primarily in characterisation of motherhood roles including ''[[Maamannan]]'' (2023), [[Star (2024 film)|''Star'']] (2024), ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' (2024), [[Amaran (2024 film)|''Amaran'']] (2024) and ''[[Angammal]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-06 |title=Kavin's Star gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Apr/18/kavins-star-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lubber Pandhu Review: Harish Kalyan's Tamil Sports Drama 'A Good Family Watch' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/lubber-pandhu-review-harish-kalyans-tamil-sports-drama-a-good-family-watch-9064120.html |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-11-12 |title=The adamant mother |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/Nov/12/the-adamant-mother |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WebDesk |title=இவரைப் பற்றி பேச்சே இல்லையே... மாமன்னனில் வடிவேலு மனைவியாக நடித்த கீதா கைலாசம் யார் தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-director-k-balachandar-daughter-in-law-geetha-kailasam-in-mamannan-movie-712491/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=tamil.indianexpress.com |language=ta}}</ref> In ''Amaran'', she played Major [[Mukund Varadarajan]] ([[Sivakarthikeyan]])'s mother, which showcased a paradoxical mother-son relationship due to the creative differences that erupt between them over the military.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Gopinath |date=2024-10-31 |title=‘Amaran’ movie review: Sivakarthikeyan and Sai Pallavi march into our hearts with this soul-stirring action film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amaran-movie-review-sivakarthikeyan-and-sai-pallavi-march-into-our-hearts-with-this-soul-stirring-action-film/article68817647.ece |access-date=2024-12-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaran - Problematic propaganda {{!}} Tamil Guardian |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/amaran-problematic-propaganda |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.tamilguardian.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== As an actress ===
==== Films ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Sarpatta Parambarai]]'' || Rangan’s wife ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2022
| ''[[Veetla Vishesham]]'' || Nurse ||
|-
| ''[[Natchathiram Nagargiradhu]]'' || Arjun's mother||
|-
| ''[[Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu]]'' || Selvi ||
|-
| ''[[Anel Meley Pani Thuli]]'' || Anitha’s mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
| ''[[Kattil]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maamannan]]'' || Veerayi ||
|-
| ''[[License (film)|License]]'' || Judge ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2024
| ''[[Lover (2024 film)|Lover]]'' || Arun’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Star (2024 film)|Star]]'' || Kamala Pandian ||
|-
| ''[[Lubber Pandhu]]'' || Poomalai’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Neela Nira Sooriyan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dear (film)|Dear]]'' || Vasanthi ||
|-
| ''[[Raayan]]'' || Durai’s wife ||
|-
| ''[[Amaran (2024 film)|Amaran]]'' || Geetha Varadarajan ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2025
| ''[[Madraskaaran]]'' || Sathya’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Tharunam]]'' || Rohit’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Yamakaathaghi]]'' || Leela’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Maaman]]'' || Inba and Girija’s mother ||
|-
| ''[[Madras Matinee]]'' || “Pachondi” Prema ||
|-
| ''[[Peranbum Perungobamum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oho Enthan Baby]]'' || Raji ||
|-
| ''[[Idli Kadai]]'' || Kasthuri ||
|-
| ''[[Angammal]]'' || Angammal ||
|-
| ''[[Aaryan (film)|Aaryan]]'' || Raziya’s mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2026
| ''[[Mayilaa]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oh Butterfly]]'' || Soda Buddi Kezhavi || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/oh-butterfly-movie-review-nivedhithaa-sathish-starrer-is-a-messy-but-watchable-triangular-hate-story|title='Oh Butterfly' Movie Review: A Messy But Watchable Triangular Hate Story|website=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Happy Raj]]'' || Gomathi Kathamuthu || <ref>{{cite news |title=ஜி.வி.பிரகாஷின் “ஹேப்பி ராஜ்” - சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/movie-review/gv-prakashs-happy-raj-cinema-review |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |date=26 March 2026 |language=ta}}</ref>
|}

==== Television series ====
*[[Navarasa (TV series)|''Navarasa'']] (2023) as Chitra Amma
*''[[Inspector Rishi]]'' (2024) as Faria

=== As a producer ===
==== Television series ====
*''[[Marmadesam]]''
*''[[Ramany vs Ramany]]''
*''Veetukku Veedu Looty''
*[[Anni (TV series)|''Anni'']]
*[[Sahana (TV series)|''Sahana'']]

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category !! Work
!Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
|2025
|[[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]] || Best Actor (Female) || ''[[Angammal]]'' || {{won}} || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Aug/15/indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-iffm-awards-geetha-kailasam-nimisha-sajayan-abhishek-bachchan-and-homebound-among-winners|title=Indian Film Festival of Melbourne (IFFM) Awards: Geetha Kailasam, Nimisha Sajayan, Abhishek Bachchan and Homebound among winners|first=Sreejith|last=Mullappilly|date=15 August 2025|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|10549240}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kailasam, Geetha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Narayan Swaroop Sharma

2026-04-20T05:39:35Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Added a bio nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Narayan Swaroop Sharma
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1930|02|14}}
| birth_place = Deoband,[[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]],[[British Raj|British India]] (present-day  [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term = 1967-1971
| predecessor = [[Kripa Shanker]]
| successor = [[Keshav Dev Malviya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
| spouse = Urmila Goel
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1960.htm
}}
'''Narayan Swaroop Sharma''' was an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Domariyaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariyaganj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]].<ref name="India. Parliament. Lok Sabha 2003 p. ">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Indian Parliamentary Companion: Who's who of Members of Lok Sabha | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat | year=2003 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLZVAAAAYAAJ | access-date=19 Mar 2023 | page=524}}</ref><ref name="Reference India 1969 p. ">{{cite book | title=Reference India | publisher=Tradesman and Men India | year=1969 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rMZAAAAYAAJ | access-date=19 Mar 2023 | page=171}}</ref><ref name="India. Parliament. Lok Sabha 1970 p. ">{{cite book | author=India. Parliament. Lok Sabha | title=Parliamentary Committee: Summary of Work | publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat. | year=1970 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hr62AAAAIAAJ | access-date=19 Mar 2023 | page=74}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/1960.htm Official Biographical Sketch in Lok Sabha Website]

[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Jana Sangh politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

Motor Vehicle Insurance (India)

2026-04-19T16:20:45Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Added first stub nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Short description|Automobile Insurance in India}}
'''[[Vehicle insurance|Motor Vehicle Insurance]]''' in India protects the [[motor vehicle]] owner against (a) the loss of or damage to the vehicle due to an insured risk, [[loss of use]], theft, etc., and (b) indemnification if the vehicle owner is liable to any third party by law. Third-party insurance is a legal requirement. The vehicle's owner is legally responsible for any injury, danger, or damage to life or property of a third party caused or arising from the use of the vehicle in a public place. Driving without insurance in a public place is a punishable offence under the Motor Vehicles Act of 1988.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://irdai.gov.in/documents/37343/369581/Motor%2BInsurance%2BHandbook%2B%28English%29.pdf/44f2a216-f063-9acd-b062-70b6aca97c0f?version=1.0&t=1631528776152 |title=Motor Insurance Handbook|page=2 |author= |date= |publisher=[[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India]]|location=[[Hyderabad]]|access-date=16 January 2024|quote=}}</ref>

== The legal framework ==
The provisions of the following legal framework govern motor vehicle [[insurance in India]]. Important among these are:

* [[Motor Vehicles Act|Motor Vehicles Act, 1988]] (as amended up to 2019)
* [[Insurance Act, 1938]] (as amended up to 2019)
* [[Indian Contract Act, 1872]] (as amended up to 2018)
* [[Transfer of Property Act 1882|Transfer of Property Act, 1882]] (as amended up to 2019)
* Other Acts like the Road Goods Movement Act, Road Transport Corporations Act, etc.

The Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 mandates that every motor vehicle plying on the road is insured. Also, a copy/proof of the same should be kept in the vehicle. The Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways said amendments have been brought in under Section 139 of the Central Motor Vehicle Act, 1989, so digital documents like driving licences and registration certificates are considered valid and at par with the original hard copy.<ref>{{cite news|title=FACT CHECK: Digilocker - What is valid and what is not?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/times-fact-check/news/fact-check-digilocker-what-is-valid-and-what-is-not/articleshow/67054234.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=30 January 2024|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2018-12-12}}</ref>

== Types of Motor Vehicle Insurance ==
Generally, there are two types of motor vehicle insurance policies.

* A document covering only the insurance liability for injury, property damage, death, etc., caused by the vehicle to a third party (commonly known as ''third-party liability'' or an ''Act liability insurance'' is a legal requirement).
* Motor Insurance Package Policy (which covers risks including damage to the owner's vehicle and the third-party liability) is popularly known as a ''Motor Comprehensive Policy''.

One who buys the ''Act liability'' motor insurance should remember that the policy only covers statutory third-party liability and does not cover risks, including damage to the owner's vehicle. Therefore, purchasing a package insurance policy that provides comprehensive coverage, including coverage for your vehicle, would be prudent.

==Act liability insurance==
A motor vehicle in a public place is potentially a dangerous and lethal instrument. Even when it is without its engine or petrol if it is moved down on an incline, even unintentionally, it can cause considerable damage and human injury; hence, unlike other properties which may be insured or not at the option of the owner, a motor vehicle is required by law to be insured in respect of the user's liability for death, bodily injury or damage to property of third party. These insurance contracts are based on [[indemnity]] and only cover the damage; the whole insurance amount is not given every time.<ref>{{cite book|title=Principles of Insurance Law|publisher=Wadhwa and company Nagpur|pages=263}}</ref>

As sometimes the driver of the vehicle is often a person of small means and the injured person goes without adequate compensation, insurance of motor vehicle covering the third-party risk is made compulsory in India, and the [[Motor Vehicles Act]] provides that vehicle should not be used in a public place without having insurance policy covering third party risks.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/Mvact1988.pdf |title=The Motor Vehicles Act 1988 |pages=Section 146 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224211/http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/Mvact1988.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref> Third-party risk means risk covered for bodily injury, death and damage of the property of third party. A third party is anyone except the owner or passenger in the private vehicle. So pillion riders of the [[Motorcycle|motor cycle]], passengers in private [[car]]s, jeeps, etc., are not third parties.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pillion rider not entitled to third party insurance|title=Pillion rider not entitled to third-party insurance: SC - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/pillion-rider-not-entitled-to-thirdparty-insurance-sc/311398/|accessdate=20 February 2014|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=2008-05-19}}</ref> However, passengers in public vehicle such as bus, contract carriage vehicle, [[Taxicab|taxi]] etc. are also third party and hence covered by third party or statutory policy.

The Act policy does not cover the occupants of private vehicles and pillion riders. However, they can be covered by paying additional [[Insurance|premium]]. If an additional premium is not paid to cover the risk of occupants of private vehicles and pillion riders, the insurance company will not be liable to compensate such victims. However, [[Supreme court]] held that if the policy is a package/comprehensive, then the occupants of private vehicles and pillion riders are covered, even if such person's additional coverage premium is not paid.<ref>{{cite news|title=Comprehensive insurance covers car occupants and pillion riders|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pf/comprehensive-insurance-covers-car-occupants-and-pillion-riders-111082500019_1.html|accessdate=21 February 2014|newspaper=Business standered|date=2014-02-21}}</ref>

== Comprehensive motor insurance coverage ==
[[File:Vehicle Insurance Certificate in India.pdf |thumb |right |A motor insurance certificate in India]]
A comprehensive motor insurance policy provides coverage for losses, including damage to the insured vehicles due to the following perils:

* [[Fire]], [[Explosion]], [[Spontaneous combustion]], [[Lightning]]
* [[Burglary]], [[Housebreaking]], [[Theft]]
* [[Riot]], [[Strike action|Strike]]
* [[Earthquake]]
* [[Flood]], [[Storm]], [[Cyclone]], [[Tropical cyclone|Hurricane]], Tempest, [[Inundation]], [[Hailstorm]], [[Frost]]
* Accidental external means
* Malicious Act
* [[Terrorism]] acts
* While travelling by [[Rail transport|Rail]], [[Road]], [[Inland waterways]], Lift, [[Elevator]], or Air
* [[Landslide]], [[Rockslide]]

== General exclusions ==
According to the general exclusions clause in the motor insurance policies, a claim may be denied in the following circumstances.

* The driver does not have a valid licence
* Intoxicating [[liquor]]/[[Drug|drugs]] as a [[proximate cause]]
* An [[accident]] occurring beyond geographical limits
* Using the vehicle for illegal purposes
* Electrical/mechanical breakdown

=== Valid driving licence ===
The driver not having a valid licence is one of the general exclusions; it is useful to know some of the legalities related to driving licenses.

* No person shall drive a vehicle in any public place without an unexpired driver's licence authorizing him/her to drive a motor vehicle.
* No person under eighteen may drive a motor vehicle in a public place. But, as an exception, a person may drive in a public place after age sixteen with a turbine engine capacity not exceeding 50 cubic meters (cc) without gear.
* No person under twenty shall drive a transport vehicle in a public place.
* A driver's licence can be issued to any person subject to the prescribed age limit for the particular type of vehicle.
* Vehicle owners shall not permit others to drive vehicles in violation of driving licence rules.
* Holders of driving licences or learner's licenses should not allow anyone else to use them.
* No person shall be issued a learner's licence to drive a transport vehicle unless he has held a licence to drive a light motor vehicle for at least one year.

=== Vehicle types ===
The Motor Vehicles Act classifies vehicles into various types. Even driving licences are issued keeping in mind the nature and types of vehicles. Some of these are as follows:

* Omnibus (designed to carry more than six persons)
* Light motor vehicle (GVW not exceeding 7500 Kgs)
* Trailer (type of vehicle towed by a motor vehicle)
* Tractor
* Contract Carriage
* Heavy goods vehicle (over 12,000 kg)
* Heavy passenger motor vehicle
* Goods carriage
* Tourist vehicle
* Private Service Vehicle
* Medium goods vehicle
* Medium passenger motor vehicle
* Invalid Carriage
* Passenger bus
* Public service vehicle

It should also be remembered that the motor vehicle laws covering such a wide range of vehicles are carefully considered while determining the settlement of claims by the motor insurance companies.

== Motor Vehicles: Period of Insurance ==
Generally, a vehicle insurance policy is valid for one year. However, long-term third-party vehicle insurance has been made mandatory for two-wheelers and four-wheelers as per the Supreme Court order. While the long-term insurance policy is 3 years for four-wheelers, it is 5 years for two-wheelers. The following guidelines are issued to implement the Supreme Court guidelines via a circular issued to insurers under Section 14(2) of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Agency of India Act, 1999, effective September 1, 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://irdai.gov.in/document-detail?documentId=389068|title=Implementation of the guidelines of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India |date=2018-08-28 |publisher=IRDAI |access-date=2024-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122032600/https://irdai.gov.in/document-detail?documentId=389068 |archive-date=2024-01-22}}</ref>

* Provide only three-year third-party vehicle insurance policies for new cars and five-year third-party vehicle insurance policies for new two-wheelers;
* At the time of the sale of insurance, the premium is to be received for the entire term (three years or five years), but it is calculated annually. That is, only the premium for the year will be counted as income, and the premium for the remaining years paid will be treated as ''deposit premium'' or ''advance premium'';
* No third-party insurance can be cancelled by the insurer or the insured except for the following reasons:
**Double insurance
**The vehicle is no longer in use due to total loss or constructive total loss
**The vehicle is sold and/or transferred

Further, about the comprehensive insurance policies, the circular states:-

Currently, a comprehensive insurance policy, an insurance package, covers risks, including damage to the owner's vehicle and liability (third-party insurance). After the introduction of long-term third-party motor insurance for new cars and new two-wheelers, the insured may be given the following two options:
* Long-term package insurance that provides both third-party vehicle insurance and coverage for perils, including damage to the owner's vehicle for three years or five years; Or
* Package insurance with a term of three or five years (as applicable) for third-party components and one year for perils, including damage to the owner's vehicle.

== Premium ==
It is necessary to renew the insurance policy by paying the insurance premium annually before the due date.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Nithin |date=17 June 2023 |title=When and how to renew your motor insurance – Details here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/insurance-when-and-how-to-renew-your-motor-insurance-details-here-3129419/ |work=The Financial Express |location= |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>

Insurance companies generally do not provide any grace period on the due date to pay insurance premiums. No insurer shall accept any risk in any insurance business in India until the premium due has been received or advanced in the manner prescribed under section 64VB of the Insurance Act, 1938.

If the insurance policy lapses without payment of the insurance premium within the due date, vehicle inspection is mandatory. Also, allowing a comprehensive insurance policy to lapse beyond 90 days may result in loss of accrued no-claim bonus benefits.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dhawan |first=Sunil |date=11 September 2019 |title=Policy Lapsed? Purchase a new policy within 90 days of expiry or lose this |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/insurance-policy-lapsed-purchase-a-new-policy-within-90-days-of-expiry-or-lose-this-benefit-1702971/|work=The Financial Express |location= |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>

== Complaints and grievances ==
A Grievance is any communication expressing dissatisfaction with an action or inaction about the quality of service/deficiency in service of an insurance company and/or any intermediary or seeks remedial action. Every insurer must ensure a grievance redressal mechanism to provide excellent customer service, an important tool for business growth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://irdai.gov.in/grievance-redressal-mechanism1|title=Grievance Redressal Mechanism|publisher=IRDAI |date= |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gicouncil.in/insurance-education/complaint-channels/complaints-and-grievances/#:~:text=IRDAI%20guidelines%20on%20grievance%20redressal&text=(a).,will%20deal%20with%20the%20grievance. |title=Complaints and Grievances|publisher=General Insurance Council |date= |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>

Under the ''Public Grievance Redressal Rules'', the ''Governing Body of the Insurance Council (GBIC)'' established the ''Insurance Ombudsman'' in India on November 11, 1998. Following this, India's [[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority]] enacted certain regulations. Accordingly, every insurer shall ensure that the following measures are taken:

* Ensure that the management team approves a grievance redressal policy document
* All complaints should be logged through the ''Integrated Grievance Management System (IGMS)'' portal of the authority
* Every insurer should have a [[Grievance redressal|Grievance Redressal]] Officer. His contact details must be provided in all communications with insurance carriers
* The insurer must adhere to the grievance redressal guidelines prescribed by the authority
* Regular reporting of all types of complaints and reconciliation of pending complaints is a day-to-day activity
* The type of complaint, intermediary involved, action taken, and [[root cause analysis]] should be presented to the policyholders' welfare committee at every meeting for discussion and guidance.

=== Insurance Ombudsman ===
There are Insurance Ombudsmen at various locations. Any person having a grievance against an Insurer, either himself or through his legal heirs, nominee or assignee, may make a written complaint to the Insurance Ombudsman.

Complaints should be made to the Insurance Ombudsman within whose territorial jurisdiction the insurer's office is located at the address in the insurance policy or the insurer's communication. The Insurance Ombudsman can be approached in the following situations.

# Delay in settlement of claims beyond the time specified in the regulations made under the ''Insurance Regulatory and Development Agency of India Act, 1999.''
# Any dispute regarding the amount of insurance premium paid or payable under the insurance policy
# Misrepresenting the terms and conditions of the document at any time in the insurance policy or insurance contract
# Legal material interpretation of the insurance policy of the existence of a dispute about a claim
# Complaints relating to service of documents against insurers and their agents and intermediaries
# Issuance of insurance policy not following the proposal form submitted by the proposer.
# Non-issue of insurance policy after receipt of insurance premium
# Other insurance legal, regulatory/procedural issues

The Insurance Ombudsman will act as Mediator. And he:

* He will make a reasonable recommendation based on the facts of the dispute
* If you accept this as a complete and final solution
* The Insurance Ombudsman will issue a recommendation within 15 days to the insurance company to comply with the norms

==== The Award ====
If redress through referral is not effective, the Insurance Ombudsman will pass an award restraining the insurance company within 3 months of receiving all the requirements from the complainant. The insurer concerned shall comply with the judgment within 30 days of receipt and report the same to the Insurance Ombudsman. There is no appellate authority against the decision of the Insurance Ombudsman. The judgment is final and binding on the insurer.

==See also==
*[[Vehicle insurance]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/Mvact1988.pdf The Motor Vehicles Act 1988]
*[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1012693/ Yashpal Luthra and Anr Vs United India Insurance Co. Hon'ble Delhi HC coverage of pillion rider &occupants in private car]
*[http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=39733 Oriental Insurance Co Vs Surendranadh Loomba and others, Supreme court of India]

[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Insurance law]]
[[Category:Vehicle insurance]]
[[Category:General insurance in India]]

E. Padmanabhan

2026-04-19T06:27:22Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created some stub with sources

{{Short description|Indian politician (1934–1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = E. Padmanabhan
| image =
| office1 = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1982
| term_end1 = 1987
| predecessor1 = [[K. Sankaranarayanan]]
| successor1 = [[P. Balan]]
| constituency1 = [[Sreekrishnapuram Assembly constituency|Sreekrishnapuram]]
| spouse = C. Rajamma
| children = 4
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1934|3|31}}
| birth_place = Kozhikode, [[Malabar district]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1990|9|18|1934|3|31}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India
}}
'''E. Padmanabhan''' (31 March 1934 - 18 September 1990) was a politician from [[Kerala]], India, who represented Sreekrishnapuram constituency in the 7th Kerala Legislative Assembly. One of the founding leaders and long term general secretary of the Kerala NGO Union, he was also known as NGO Padmanabhan.

==Biography==
E. Padmanabhan was born on March 31, 1934, in Edappal in present-day Malappuram district as the second son of Ramanunni Nair.<ref name="niyamasabha">{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf|title=Legislators of Kerala |page=180}}</ref> He studied till 10th class.<ref name="niyamasabha"/>

===Personal life and death===
Padmanabhan and his wife C. Rajamma have four children.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He died of a heart attack on September 18, 1990, while attending an anti-communal convention in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/news-17-09-2019/822402|title=ഇ പത്മനാഭൻ അനുസ്‌മരണം നാളെ|access-date=2022-05-11|language=ml}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Electoral politics===
Padmanabhan represented [[Sreekrishnapuram Assembly constituency]] in 7th [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] as a candidate of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref name="niyamasabha"/>

===Service organization activism===
Padmanabhan who was one of the founders of Kerala Non Gazetted Officers Union, served as the general secretary of the union from 1965 to 1982.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/> He was also known as NGO Padmanabhan.<ref name="kwaeucitu"/> He was also served as the general secretary of the FSETO (Federation of State Employees & Teachers' Organizations) from 1973 to 1982 and the zonal secretary of the AISGEF (All India State Government Employees Federation) in 1965.<ref name="niyamasabha"/> He led several strikes by government employees in Kerala. Padmanabhan was the founding president of the Kerala Water Authority Employees Union (CITU) also.<ref name="kwaeucitu">{{Cite web |title=KERALA WATER AUTHORITY EMPLOYEES UNION CITU |url=http://kwaeucitu.in/our_leaders.php |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=kwaeucitu.in |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311221814/http://kwaeucitu.in/our_leaders.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padmanabhan, E.}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1982–1987]]
[[Category:Politicians from Malappuram district]]

Ishanchandranagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:31:00Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: stub...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ishanchandranagar
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1971
| abolished = 1976
| electors = 10,682
| mla = Naresh Chandra Roy
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Ishanchandranagar''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Naresh Chandra Roy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Ishanchandranagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Chandra Roy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,349 |percentage=46.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mati Lal Sarkar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,328 |percentage=46.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhirendra Kumar Sarkar |party=Independent politician |votes=406 |percentage=5.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Labani Mohan Paul |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=100 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,183 |percentage=69.56% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,682 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
{{coord|23.78|91.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 disestablishments in India]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Anshul Kamboj

2026-04-16T00:38:25Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: starting basic post and citations!

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2000)}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Anshul Kamboj
| image =
| country = India
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|12|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Karnal]], [[Haryana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 1.87 m <ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana seamer Anshul Kamboj scripts history, picks 10 wickets in an innings
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/anshul-kamboj-haryana-history-10-wickets-in-innings-9671944/ |quote=...My height is six feet two inches and because of that, I generate the extra bounce as well |work=Indian Express}}</ref>
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
| role = [[All-rounder|Bowling all-rounder]]

| international = true
| onetest = true
| testdebutdate = 23 July
| testdebutyear = 2025
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 318
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttestagainst =

| club1 = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| year1 = 2021/22–present
| club2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year2 = 2024
| club3 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| year3 = 2025–present

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 0
| bat avg1 = 0.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 0
| deliveries1 = 108
| wickets1 = 1
| bowl avg1 = 89.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/89
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

| column2 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches2 = 33
| runs2 = 592
| bat avg2 = 14.09
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 51[[Not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 4,858
| wickets2 = 104
| bowl avg2 = 23.86
| fivefor2 = 2
| tenfor2 = 1
| best bowling2 = 10/49
| catches/stumpings2 = 11/–

| column3 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches3 = 32
| runs3 = 82
| bat avg3 = 8.20
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 19[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 1,554
| wickets3 = 54
| bowl avg3 = 21.27
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/22
| catches/stumpings3 = 11/-

| column4 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches4 = 46
| runs4 = 121
| bat avg4 = 15.12
| 100s/50s4 = 0/0
| top score4 = 19[[not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 889
| wickets4 = 65
| bowl avg4 = 19.21
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 4/23
| catches/stumpings4 = 14/–
| date = 15 April 2026
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175428.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Anshul Kamboj''' (born 6 December 2000) is an Indian international [[Cricket|cricketer]] who plays for [[India national cricket team]] as a right-handed [[medium pace]] [[bowling all-rounder]] and plays for [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] in domestic cricket and made his [[Indian Premier League]] debut for [[Mumbai Indians]] in [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024]] and currently plays for [[Chennai Super Kings]].<ref name="Who is Anshul Kamboj, the Mumbai Indians debutant, who cleaned up Mayank Agarwal and almost got rid of Travis Head?">{{cite news |title=Who is Anshul Kamboj, the Mumbai Indians debutant, who cleaned up Mayank Agarwal and almost got rid of Travis Head? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/anshul-kamboj-mumbai-indians-debut-mi-vs-srh-9311961/ |access-date=23 March 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323095418/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/anshul-kamboj-mumbai-indians-debut-mi-vs-srh-9311961/ |archive-date=23 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175428.html |title=Anshul Kamboj |accessdate=18 February 2022 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He made his International [[Test cricket|Test]] debut against [[England cricket team|England]] during the fourth test of [[2025 Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]] at [[Old Trafford Cricket Ground]] .<ref name="Bio" />

In October 2024, he was also part of India A team's squad for the [[2024 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1455841.html |title=India A team Squad |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=17 October 2024}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 17 February 2022, for [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]] in the [[2021–22 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1280419.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group F: Haryana v Tripura at Palam, Delhi, February 17-20, 2022 |accessdate=18 February 2022 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 22 October 2022, for Haryana in the [[2022–23 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333037.html |title=Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Group C: Karnataka v Haryana at Mohali, October 22, 2022 |accessdate=22 October 2022 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket]] debut on 15 November 2022, for Haryana in the [[2022–23 Vijay Hazare Trophy]].<ref name="List A cricket">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1333104.html |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy, Group C: Bihar v Haryana at Alur, Nov 15, 2022 |accessdate=15 November 2022 |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> He was sold to Chennai Super Kings for 3.4 crore in the IPL 2025 Mega Auction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-11-25 |title=IPL 2025 Auction: Anshul Kamboj sold to Chennai Super Kings for Rs 3.4 crore |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/anshul-kamboj-sold-signed-chennai-super-kings-rs-34-crore-ipl-mega-auction-2025-price-bid-update-players-list-news/article68905177.ece |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Domestic career ==
Kamboj made his debut for Haryana in February 2022 versus [[Tripura]] in the [[Ranji Trophy]]. However, he has shown prowess in limited overs cricket, with 7 wickets in 7 matches in the [[2022–23 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]], and 17 wickets in 10 matches for Haryana in the [[2023–24 Vijay Hazare Trophy]], with him playing a big role in Haryana lifting the title. These performances helped him get bought by the [[Mumbai Indians]] in the [[2024 Indian Premier League]] Auction. He also attracted attention in the first class circuit, getting selected for the [[2024–25 Duleep Trophy]]. He represented India C, taking 16 wickets in 3 matches at an average of 17.12 and was adjudged Player of the Tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/duleep-trophy-2024-25-1445823/india-b-vs-india-c-4th-match-1445835/match-report |title=Kamboj takes career-best eight-for, Gaikwad hits fifty as India C eke out draw |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> In November 2024, Kamboj became the third bowler to take all ten wickets in an innings in the [[Ranji Trophy]], doing so for Haryana against Kerala.<ref name="Who is Anshul Kamboj? Haryana pacer etches name in history with 10 wickets in an innings vs Kerala in Ranji Trophy">{{cite news |title=Who is Anshul Kamboj? Haryana pacer etches name in history with 10 wickets in an innings vs Kerala in Ranji Trophy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/who-is-anshul-kamboj-haryana-pacer-etches-name-in-history-with-10-wickets-in-an-innings-vs-kerala-in-ranji-trophy-101731650588743.html |access-date=23 March 2025 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=15 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323095451/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/who-is-anshul-kamboj-haryana-pacer-etches-name-in-history-with-10-wickets-in-an-innings-vs-kerala-in-ranji-trophy-101731650588743.html |archive-date=23 March 2025 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ranji-trophy-2024-25-haryana-s-anshul-kamboj-becomes-third-to-take-ten-wickets-1459750|title=Anshul Kamboj becomes third bowler to take all ten wickets in an innings in Ranji Trophy|work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Anshul Kamboj gets 3.40 crore deal after historic 10-wicket haul in Ranji Trophy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/cricket-anshul-kamboj-ipl-2025-mega-auction-chennai-super-kings-ranji-trophy-10-wicket-haul-2639825-2024-11-25 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== International career ==
Kamboj was added to the Indian squad and playing 11 ahead of the fourth Test of the [[Indian cricket team in England in 2025#Test series|2025 Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy]], due to the injuries of other players.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2025 |title=England bowl, India hand debut to Kamboj among three changes |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/eng-vs-ind-england-bowl-anshul-kamboj-sai-sudharsan-shardul-thakur-in-for-india-1496357 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> And he got his first [[Test cricket|Test International]] wicket of [[Ben Duckett]] in this match.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/1175428.html Anshul Kamboj] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]

{{Chennai Super Kings squad}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamboj, Anshul}}
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]
[[Category:Haryana cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Karnal]]
[[Category:People from Haryana]]
[[Category:Chennai Super Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:India Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an innings]]

Kolasla Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:43:31Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: article...

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kolasla
| type = SLA
| state = Uttar Pradesh
| district = [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
| reservation =
| established = 1952
| abolished = 2012
}}
'''Kolasla''' was one of the 425 [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. It was a part of the [[Varanasi district]] and one of the assembly constituencies in the [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency]]. Kolasla Assembly constituency came into existence in 1962 and ceased to exist in 2012 as a result of "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 7 October 2017|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=" Delimitation Order: 53-55 ">{{cite news|title=Delimitation Order: 53-55|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date= 7 October 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DC-FINAL%20ORDER-53-55.pdf}}</ref><ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 ">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=7 October 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Maniram-in-Uttar-pradesh | title=Maniram assembly election results in Uttar Pradesh | publisher=traceall.in | access-date=28 June 2018 }}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==

* 1952: Sri Devmurti Sharma, Congress
* 1962: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India]]
* 1967: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1969: [[Amar Nath Dubey]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1974: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1977: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1980: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1985: [[Ramkaran Patel]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1989: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1991: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1993: [[Udal (CPI-M politician)|Udal]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
* 1996: [[Ajay Rai]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* 2002: [[Ajay Rai]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* 2007: [[Ajay Rai]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Ajay Rai]],
* 2009 (By Polls): [[Ajay Rai]], Independent

==See also==

* [[Varanasi]]
* [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coords|25.41|82.80|display=title}}

[[Category:Politics of Varanasi district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Varanasi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]

Poona City Central Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:32:22Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created Location!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Poona City Central
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 56,117
| mla = Sathe Vinayak Krishna
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Poona City Central Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Sathe Vinayak Krishna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Poona City Central <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sathe Vinayak Krishna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,584 |percentage = 57.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abyankar Narhar Govind |party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 9,557 |percentage = 27.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Wadke Ramchandra Pandharinath |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 2,755 |percentage = 8.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mhote Pandharinath Mahadeo |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 2,319 |percentage = 6.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,027 |percentage = 29.31% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,215 |percentage = 60.97% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,215}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,117 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Satish Kumar (pastor)

2026-03-30T18:31:03Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Sources exist|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian past and temple founder}}
{{infobox person
| name =Satish Kumar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| alma_mater =
| employer = Founder of Calvary Temple
| occupation = Pastor
| years_active =
| spouse =
| children =
| callsign =
| website =
| footnotes =
| awards =
| signature =
}}

'''Satish Kumar''' is an Indian pastor who is the founder of Calvary Temple. He founded the Calvary Temple in 2005.<ref name="c565">{{cite web | last=Thomas | first=George | title=300,000-Member Indian Church to Plant 40 More Megachurches | website=CBN | date=2024-06-28 | url=https://www2.cbn.com/news/world/300000-member-indian-church-plant-40-more-megachurches-whats-their-secret | access-date=2024-08-13}}</ref>

==Life==

Satish was born in a non-Christian family . One day Satish heard a street evangelist preaching that [[Jesus Christ]] could transform lives. Intrigued by the message, Satish began preaching at age 18, and he established Calvary Youth Mission when he was 21. Satish was ordained in 1998 in [[London, England]].<ref name="c530">{{cite web | last=Pandey | first=Ashish | title=Church in Hyderabad converted into Covid isolation centre for underprivileged amid surge in cases | website=India Today | date=2021-05-09 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/hyderabad/story/church-hyderabad-covid-isolation-centre-underprivileged-1800373-2021-05-09 | access-date=2024-08-13}}</ref> Later, he was elected as the Bishop of the International Ministerial Council of Great Britain. In 2003, he also started preaching over television, with one program being telecast. Presently his sermons are broadcast with over 600 programs per month, airing in 16 languages and attracting almost 300 million viewers.<ref name="l333">{{cite web | last=Sood | first=Anusha Ravi | title=ON THE ROAD: Amorphous Christian community vote and its value in a tight bipolar contest in Telangana | website=The South First | date=2023-11-23 | url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/on-the-road-amorphous-christian-community-vote-and-its-value-in-a-tight-bipolar-contest-in-telangana/ | access-date=2024-08-13}}</ref> Satish Kumar founded Calvary Temple with 25 people in 2005. Within 15 years, it grew to 300,000 members on 10 campuses. Presently, Calvary Temple is the second largest church in the world.<ref name="l858">{{cite web | last=Cooke | first=Phil | title=One of the Largest Churches in the World Doesn’t Worry About Church Growth Programs, Yet Keeps Growing | website=ChurchLeaders | date=2020-06-08 | url=https://churchleaders.com/outreach-missions/outreach-missions-articles/376895-one-of-the-largest-churches-in-the-world-doesnt-worry-about-outreach-programs-yet-keeps-growing.html | access-date=2024-08-13}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Satish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sovideva

2026-03-29T13:25:54Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made a post

{{Short description|King of the Kalyana Kalachuris}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title =
| succession = King of [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Southern Kalachuris]]
| reign = {{circa|1167|1176 CE}}
| predecessor = [[Bijjala II]] {{circa|1130|1167 CE}}
| successor = Sankama II {{circa|1176|1180 CE}}
| father = [[Bijjala II]]
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
}}

'''Rayamurari Sovideva'''<ref name="mudiraja">{{cite web |title=43. Rayamurari Sovideva |url=http://mudiraja.weebly.com/-43-rayamurari-sovideva.html |website=Great History Of Mudiraja Caste |language=en}}</ref> was a king of the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalyana Kalachuris]] or [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Southern Kalachuris]], who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. Sovideva's rule was a "reign of terror", persecuted insurgents and the followers of [[Basavanna]].<ref name="move">{{cite book |last1=Hosamani |first1=Dr Ratnakar D. |title=A Study of Historical Monuments in Bidar District (1st Century-17th Century CE) |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-0-359-77997-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfehDwAAQBAJ&dq=Sovideva&pg=PA33 |language=en}}</ref>
==Ascension to the throne==
Rayamurari Sovideva was the younger son of the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalachuri]] king [[Bijjala II]].<ref name="company"/>
[[Bijjala II]] abdicated the throne and nominated Sovideva as his successor<ref name="company">{{cite book |last1=Rickmers |first1=Christian Mabel |title=The Chronology of India, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning Os the Sixteenth Century |date=1899 |publisher=A. Constable & Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4UfAAAAYAAJ&dq=Sovideva&pg=PA158 |language=en}}</ref> in about 1167 CE. He also persuaded [[Channabasavanna]], the nephew of the late [[Basavanna]], to become prime minister for the purpose of pacifying the followers of the sharana movement. However, Bijalla had become so unpopular with the statesman [[Basavanna]]'s followers that he was assassinated by them.<ref name="sen">{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |date=15 March 2013 |publisher=Midpoint Trade Books Incorporated |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |page=52-53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UdW6lAEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref> This occurred three months after the death of [[Basavanna]].<ref name="move"/>
Sovideva was the father-in-law of [[Malidevaraju]], a prince of [[Battle of Palnadu|Palnadu kingdom]] who fought for the throne unsuccessfully.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bommareddi |first1=Aruna |title=Narrative Traditions of a Telugu Epic: Paln?tiv?rula Katha |date=29 October 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64678-733-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMW5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Malidevaraju&pg=PT20 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mudiraja"/>

==Reign==
Sovideva's succession was fiercely resisted by Mailugi, a younger brother of [[Bijjala II]] and Karna, a grandson of [[Bijjala II|Bijalla]]. They claimed independence from Sovideva but were crushed by Sovideva, assisted by a general named Madhava.{{fact|date=June 2024}}

Sovideva persecuted followers of the ''sharana'' movement and his troops chased the insurgents. According to Dr. Ratnakar D. Hosamani- "Chaos and confusion reigned supreme, insurrections and street fights became common". He was succeeded by his younger brother Sankama II.<ref name="move"/><ref name="company"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovideva}}

[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]

Shree Ganesh

2026-03-20T15:00:06Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made article

{{short description|Indian mythological television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Shreeganesh.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Mythology]]
| based_on = {{plainlist|
* [[Lord Ganesh]]
}}
| creator = Vikas Kapoor
| writer = Vikas Kapoor/Lt. Darshan Laad
| director = [[Dheeraj Kumar]]
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 144
| list_episodes =
| producer = Zuby Kochhar
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime = 45 min
| company = [[Creative Eye Limited]]
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2000|10|01}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2003|06|29|df=y}}
}}

'''''Shree Ganesh''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language mythological television series that aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]] from 1 October 2000 and ended on 29 June 2003.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The five most memorable representations of Lord Ganesha on television|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/the-five-most-memorable-representations-of-lord-ganesha-on-television/story-EMHxIWzZ58uQ4GjTf7VsxI.html|newspaper=Hindustan Times|first=Rukmini|last=Chopra|date=5 September 2016|accessdate=27 June 2022}}</ref> Directed by [[Dheeraj Kumar]], it follows the story of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Ganesha]], portrayed by Jagesh Mukati.

== Plot ==
The show follows the story of Lord [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]]'s son Ganesha, who is considered as the remover of obstacles.

== Cast ==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
*Jagesh Mukati as Sarvashaktimaan Vishwa Ko Vardaan Denewale Paramdev Shree Mahaganesh
*Gayatri Jayaraman as Devi Adishakti / (Devi Shakti)
*Sunil Sharma as Mahadev Bhagwan Bholenath Shivashankar
*Priyanka Puthran as Shakti Swaroopa Devi Parvati / Nav Durga
*Sandeep Mohan as Shristi Ke Palanhar Jagatpalak Bhagwan Shree Hari Vishnu
*Pallavi Nayak as Vishnupriya Mahadevi Devi Lakshmi
*Shital Thakkar as Vishnupriya Mahadevi Devi Lakshmi
* Arup Pal as Shristi Ke Rachnakar Parampita Brahmadeva
*Shailey Chowdhary as Devi Saraswati
*Surbhi Tiwari as Shakti Swaroopa Devi Sati (Sati)
*Sunil Nagar as Prithvi Samrat Prajapati Maharaj Daksha (Daksh) / Maharaj Bheemsena husband of Maharani Kamala, and mother of unknown son
*Sameer Dharmadhikari as Swarg Samrat Swargaadipati Devraj Indra
*Shilpa Kataria as Maharani Devi Shachi, who is the wife of Devraj Indra
*Sanjay Swaraj as Devrishi Narada
*Radhakrishna Dutta as Prajapati Maharishi Kashyapa, who is the husband of both Devi Aditi and Devi Diti
*Kirti Singh as Dakshputri Daittyamata Devi Diti, first wife of Kashyapa, mother of Daityaraj Vajranga
*Shweta Rastogi as Dakshputri Devmata Devi Aditi, second wife of Kashyapa, mother of devraj indra and grahpati suryadeva
*Nimai Bali as Swayambhu Samrat Assurraj Mahabali Tārakāsura
*Raman Khatri as Assurraj Bhayasura who turned to Bhaktraj Dayasura
*Rajesh Shringarpore as Maharaj Nala / Rajkumar Kishan
*Swati Anand as Maharani Damayanti / Villager woman Dhanno
*Firdaus Mevawala as Daittyaguru Shukracharya
*Deepak Jethi as Daityaraj Vajranga / Assurraj Tarakaksha
*Rakesh Pandey (actor) | Rakesh Pandey as Maharaja Mahipati
*Kishori Shahane Vij as Prithvi Maharani Devi Verni
*Veena Sharma as Varāṅgī, the wife of Vajranga
*Hansa Singh as Devi Shambhuki
*Vaquar Shaikh as Maharaj Chitrāngada
*Seema Pandey as Maharani Indumati
*Vinod Kapoor as Maharaj Bheema
*Sujata Thakkar as Maharani Indumati's Dasi (personal servant)
*Qasim Ali as Pushpaka / Amar Vardaani Assuraj Sindhu Daittya
*[[Amit Pachori]] as Swarg Samrat Swargaadipati Devraj Indra
*Brownie Parashar as Daittyaraj Kamalasura / Maharaj Jaysena
*Shraddha Sharma as Devi Keerti, the first wife of Sashivahana, and souten of Devi Sashiprabha
*Santosh Kumar Shukla as Chandarketu / Veerasura is also a twin brother, husband of Vijaya and husband of Phulmati
*Sanjeev Siddharth as Daittya Senapati Pralambhasura of Tarakasura
*Kulraj Bedi as Daittya Senapati Krambhasura / Vignasura who turned to Bhaktraj Vignasura later
*Ashok Kumar Balkrishnan as Gauriputra Mangalmurti Bhagwan Shree Mahaganesh and other avatar incarnations
*Gajendra Chauhan as Maharaj Parvatraj Himalaya
*Surekha as Maharani Mainavati
*Sandeep Mehta as Devrishi Narada
*Yashodhan Rana as Kamadeva
*Navneet Chaddha as Maharishi Parashara / Villager man Premgana / Sudharma
*Madhu Bharti as Mata Prithvi
*Annapurna Vittal Bhairi as Maharani Sashiprabha / Maharani Ugra
*Santosh as Udhava (servant) of Daityaraj Narantak and Devantak
*Lavnish as Uddhara (servant) of Daityaraj Narantaka and Devantaka
*Nachiketa as Rakshashni Virja (servant) of Daityaraj Narantaka and Devantaka
*Adi Irani as Maharishi Bhagiratha, childhood friend of Villager man Sadashiva
*Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat as Daityaraj Krodhasura turned to Bhaktraj Bodhasura
*Anuradha Sawant as Maharishi Parashar's wife Vatshala / Villager woman Rewa / Devi Dratichi
*Anil Yadhav as Maharishi Parshurama
*Mahendra Ghule as Daityaraj Devantaka / Madhu
*Govind Khatri as Daityaraj Narantaka / Daityaraj Lobhasura turned Ganesh Das
*Mulraj Rajda as Villager man Sadashiva
*Maleeka R Ghai as Rajkumari Mallika
*Navneen Bawa as Villager man Somnatha
*Shweta Shinde as Devi Nilima
*Mitul Bhattacharya as Maharani Sushma / Ganesh Bhakt Kaveri; later, her husband Premraj calls her "Premraj Ki Prema"
*Bhakti Narula as Devi Vihanga, the second wife of Daittyaraj Sindhu also known as Sindhu Daittya by Daittyaguru Shukracharya
*Alka as Villager girl Mandakini (Manda)
*Sunil Bob as Varundeva
*Manoj Verma as Maharaj Ripudaman, who is the husband of Maharani Vasundhara and father of Chakradhara
*Sunila Karambekar as Maharani Vasundhara, the wife of Maharaj Ripudaman and mother of Chakradhara
*Shailendra Srivastav (TV actor) / Shailendra Srivastav as Daittyaraj Tripurasura, who was later killed by Bhagwan Shivashankar
*Unknown actor as Devguru Brihaspati
*Kshama Raj as Maharani Shrimaya / Villager woman Anandi, who is the mother of Bhaktraj Balal Bhagat
*Ayush Pandey as Maharishi Griashamartha, son of Maharishi Rukshmangada and Devi Mukunda
*Jaya Mathur as Devi Mukunda, the wife of Maharishi Rukshmangada and mother of Maharishi Griashamartha
*Meenakshi Gupta as Villager woman Sulochana,daughter of Villager woman Shrikala and Villager man Sadashiva, wife of Premgana and niece of ganesh bhakt kaveri and sister of Shivadutta who is the divya avataar of Bhagwan Ganesha

== Production ==
{{blockquote|We did a lot of research, stuck to the scriptures, and made the show with a lot of passion. We worked closely with the research scholars from various states of India. We spent almost two years on the research before Zuby and I decided to make a show.|[[Dheeraj Kumar]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=As 'Shree Ganesh' returns to TV, producer Dheeraj Kumar says that mythology is here to stay|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/as-shree-ganesh-returns-to-tv-producer-dheeraj-kumar-says-that-mythology-is-here-to-stay/articleshow/76141156.cms}}</ref>}}

Speaking about the series, director [[Dheeraj Kumar]] said, "Shree Ganesh is a show with many untouched aspects of Lord Ganesh which can be truly understood at dire times."<ref>{{Cite news|title='Shree Ganesh' TV show to be back on small screen|work=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/shree-ganesh-tv-show-to-be-back-on-small-screen-2286658.html}}</ref>

== Reception ==
[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] stated, "It triumphs due to its slick production values and neatly packaged anecdotes."<ref>{{Cite web|title=War of the lords|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001015/spectrum/tv.htm|website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref>

As in April 2001, it was garnering a rating of 1.9 TVR in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bankable mythologicals materialise on TV screens at a fantastic pace|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/20010416-bankable-mythologicals-materialise-on-tv-screens-at-fantastic-pace-775292-2001-04-16|website=India Today}}</ref>

== Syndication ==
[[Star Plus]], [[DD National]], [[ABZY Cool]] acquired the broadcast rights for the series in June 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India|nationwide coronavirus lockdown]], as a substitute to its original programming.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Shree Ganesh' to be back on small screen|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shree-ganesh-to-be-back-on-small-screen/articleshow/76086210.cms|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12447638/?ref_=rvi_tt Shree Ganesh] on [[IMDb]]

[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:2000 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2001 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]

Dorairaj Prabhakaran

2026-03-19T11:13:42Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created some post w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian researcher}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dorairaj Prabhakaran
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date =
| alma_mater = [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] (MD: Internal Medicine and DM: Cardiology) and [[McMaster University]] Canada, MSc: Health Research Methodology
| awards =
| website =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Cardiologist]], [[Epidemiology|Epidemiologist]], author, researcher
}}

'''Dorairaj Prabhakaran''' is a scientist, cardiologist, author, researcher and currently Executive Director of the [[Centre for Chronic Disease Control]] (CCDC).<ref>{{cite news |title=Challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic diseases are plentiful in India: Prof. (Dr) D. Prabhakaran, Executive Director, CCDC |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/healthcare-challenges-in-the-diagnosis-treatment-and-management-of-chronic-diseases-are-plentiful-in-india-prof-dr-d-prabhakaran-executive-director-ccdc-3390490/ |work=Financialexpress |date=16 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WHOCC - WHO Collaborating Centres |url=https://apps.who.int/whocc/Detail.aspx?HBmw+EZQRICWO6ASEeKfFg== |website=apps.who.int}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ray, DHNS |first1=Kalyan |title=What's wrong with young Indians' hearts? |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/whats-wrong-with-young-indians-hearts-1047954.html |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

He is a professor at the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]] (LSHTM), and [[Emory University]], Atlanta, USA.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ashoka University: Leading Liberal Arts and Sciences University |url=https://www.ashoka.edu.in/profile/dorairaj-prabhakaran/ |work=www.ashoka.edu.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dorairaj Prabhakaran, MD, DM, MSc {{!}} EGDRC {{!}} Emory University |url=https://diabetes.emory.edu/people/affiliated_faculty_and_fellows/prabhakaran.html |website=diabetes.emory.edu |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Claude Lenfant Excellence Award from the World Hypertension League<ref>{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Tanis |title=Awards |url=https://www.whleague.org/awards |website=World Hypertension League |language=en-gb |date=25 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Recognitions |url=https://ccdcindia.org/recognition/claude-lenfant-excellence-award/ |work=ccdcindia.org}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Public Health Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention & Management''<ref>{{cite book |title=Public Health Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention & Management |isbn=978-1138483620 |last1=Prabhakaran |first1=Dorairaj |last2=Shuchi |first2=Anand |last3=Srinath Reddy |first3=K. |date=29 December 2022 |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref>
* ''Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dorairaj Prabhakaran |first1=Abhishek Chaturvedi, Anqi Zhu, Naga Vaishnavi Gadela |title=Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases |journal= Hypertension|date=2024 |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=387–399 |doi=10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21354 |pmid=38152897 |pmc=10863660 }}</ref>
* ''Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium: a cross-sectional analysis across 11 prospective studies |journal=BMC Public Health|date=2024 |pmid=39095780 |last1=Dunneram |first1=Y. |last2=Lee |first2=J. Y. |last3=Watling |first3=C. Z. |last4=Fraser |first4=G. E. |last5=Miles |first5=F. |last6=Prabhakaran |first6=D. |last7=Shridhar |first7=K. |last8=Kondal |first8=D. |last9=Mohan |first9=V. |last10=Ali |first10=M. K. |author11=Narayan KMV |last12=Tandon |first12=N. |author13=Tong TYN |author14=Chiu THT |last15=Lin |first15=M. N. |last16=Lin |first16=C. L. |last17=Yang |first17=H. C. |last18=Liang |first18=Y. J. |last19=Greenwood |first19=D. C. |last20=Du |first20=H. |last21=Chen |first21=Z. |last22=Yu |first22=C. |last23=Kakkoura |first23=M. G. |last24=Reeves |first24=G. K. |last25=Papier |first25=K. |last26=Floud |first26=S. |last27=Sinha |first27=R. |last28=Liao |first28=L. M. |last29=Loftfield |first29=E. |last30=Cade |first30=J. E. |volume=24 |issue=1 |page=2095 |doi=10.1186/s12889-024-19209-y |doi-access=free |pmc=11296327 |display-authors=1 }}</ref>
* ''Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cardiovascular Quality Improvement Strategy in India: The C-QIP Trial''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cardiovascular Quality Improvement Strategy in India: The C-QIP Trial |journal=American Heart Journal|date=2024 |pmid=39033994 |last1=Singh |first1=K. |last2=Nikhare |first2=K. |last3=Gandral |first3=M. |last4=Aithal |first4=K. |last5=Patil |first5=S. G. |last6=Mp |first6=G. |last7=Gupta |first7=M. |last8=Madan |first8=K. |author9=Sawhney JPS |last10=Ali |first10=K. |last11=Kondal |first11=D. |last12=Jindal |first12=D. |last13=Mendenhall |first13=E. |last14=Patel |first14=S. A. |author15=Narayan KMV |last16=Tandon |first16=N. |last17=Roy |first17=A. |last18=Huffman |first18=M. D. |last19=Prabhakaran |first19=D. |volume=276 |pages=83–98 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2024.07.008 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''Tandon's Textbook of Cardiology'', 2ed<ref>{{cite book |last1=D |first1=PRABHAKARAN |title=Tandon's Textbook of Cardiology, 2ed |isbn=9395736488 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhakaran, Dorairaj}}
[[Category:Indian scientists]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academics of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]]
[[Category:Emory University faculty]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:McMaster University alumni]]

Cooch Behar Airport

2026-03-15T21:25:42Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: updated details

{{Short description|Domestic airport in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Cooch Behar Airport
| image = File:COB_airport1.jpg
| IATA = COH
| ICAO = VECO
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the airport in West Bengal
| pushpin_label = '''COH'''
| pushpin_label_position = right
| type = Public
| owner = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| operator = Airports Authority of India
| opened = {{start date and age|1945|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}}
| city-served = [[Cooch Behar]] and [[Alipurduar]]
| location = Cooch Behar, [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| elevation-f = 141
| elevation-m = 43
| coordinates = {{coord|26|19|52|N|89|28|06|E|type:airport}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/coochbehar|Coochbehar Airport}}
| r1-number = 04/22<ref name="ICAO"/>
| r1-length-f = 3507
| r1-length-m = 1069
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| stat-year = April 2024 – March 2025
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 5,478 ({{increase}} 25%)
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements
| stat2-data = 664 ({{increase}} 16.9%)
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = —
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Cooch Behar Airport''' {{airport codes|COH|VECO}}<ref name="ICAO">{{cite web |url = http://www.icao.int/anb/aig/Taxonomy/R4CDLocationIndicatorsbystate.pdf |title = ICAO Location Indicators by State |publisher = [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] |date = 12 January 2006 |access-date = 8 June 2010 |archive-date = 26 September 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235554/http://www.icao.int/anb/aig/Taxonomy/R4CDLocationIndicatorsbystate.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> is a [[domestic airport]] serving the city of [[Cooch Behar, West Bengal]], [[India]] and parts of [[North Bengal]] and [[Assam]]. It is located {{cvt|6.2|km}} from the city centre. The airport is spread over an area of 173 acres.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/cooch_behar.jsp |title=Airports Authority of India |access-date=25 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225073024/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/cooch_behar.jsp |archive-date=25 February 2008 }}</ref>

== Facilities ==
The airport is located at an elevation of 141 feet (43 m) above mean sea level.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-01|title=Aerodrome Chart|url=https://aim-india.aai.aero/eaip-v2-02-2019/eAIP/VECO-ADC.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Aeronautical Information Management|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024171116/https://aim-india.aai.aero/eaip-v2-02-2019/eAIP/VECO-ADC.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2021 }}</ref> It has one runway designated 04/22 with an asphalt surface, measuring {{convert|3,507 by 100|feet}} without an [[instrument landing system]]. The airport can handle only flights using [[visual flight rules]] during the day. Improvements in radar as well as other runway systems have been completed, such as installation of lights on the runway, while the instrument landing system will be installed in the near future. There is presently a high security team residing in the airport. The airport uses a [[non-directional beacon]] for navigation services. Commercial services resumed from Cooch Behar with IndiaOne Air starting flights to [[Kolkata]] on 21 February 2023.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|author1=Banerjee, Tamaghna, Bhattacharya, Pinak Priya|title=Cooch Behar back on West Bengal's aviation map|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cooch-behar-back-on-west-bengals-aviation-map/articleshow/98134654.cms|work=The Times of India|date=22 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023|language=en}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:COB airport4.jpg|Entrance of the airport
File:Cooch Behar Airport Terminal.png |Terminal building of the airport
</gallery>

== Recent developments ==

In March 2020, lights were installed in the boundaries of the airport and the runway was repaired. Security was also increased in and around the premises.
[[File:COB airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal of the airport]]
[[File:Cooch Behar Airport ATC Tower.jpg|thumb|[[Air Traffic Control]] tower of the airport]]

While the longstanding demand of residents to resume flights from the airport in North Bengal remains unfulfilled for over 25 years, the Airports Authority of India revamped and operationalised the [[Rupsi Airport]] at Rupsi in [[Kokrajhar district]] of Assam to restart services after three decades, to handle the traffic. However, it mostly handles the traffic from [[Dhubri]] (the city it serves) and adjoining regions from [[Kokrajhar]], [[Bongaigaon]], etc., and does not act as a solution to Cooch Behar, because that airport is {{cvt|70|km}} from it; thus it is too far to cater the traffic.

The airport's license was valid till 27 January 2021, but the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)]] decided not to renew the license until further notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooch Behar airport wings clipped for now|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/cooch-behar-airport-wings-clipped-for-now/cid/1800448|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> As of February 2023, it received its license again to restart commercial operations, with daily flights to Kolkata operated by the new low-cost regional airline, IndiaOne Air.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|author1=Banerjee, Tamaghna, Bhattacharya, Pinak Priya|title=Cooch Behar back on West Bengal's aviation map|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/cooch-behar-back-on-west-bengals-aviation-map/articleshow/98134654.cms|work=The Times of India|date=22 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023|language=en}}</ref>

== Airlines and destinations ==
{{Airport destination list

|[[IndiaOne Air]]| [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]](Ends 31 January 2026)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/flights-to-cooch-behar-to-stop-as-indiaone-air-cites-operational-reasons-prnt/cid/2135742 | title=Flights to Cooch Behar to stop as IndiaOne Air cites operational reasons | website=www.telegraphindia.com | date=2025-12-02}}</ref>
}}

==Future expansion==
There have been talks between the [[Government of West Bengal]] and the Airports Authority of India to expand the runway length to accommodate larger aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government plans to expand Cooch Behar runway |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/government-plans-to-expand-cooch-behar-runway/cid/1851806 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Developments related to the airport boundary and lights were also done.

In a meeting between the Cooch Behar district administration and the Airports Authority of India in September 2023, plans were laid to operate two flights daily from the airport. A plan for a Cooch behar to [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]] flight service was also discussed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plan to launch one more flight: Upgrade of Cooch Behar airport in progress |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/plan-to-launch-one-more-flight-upgrade-of-cooch-behar-airport-in-progress/cid/1967465 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports by ICAO code: V#VA VE VI VO - India|List of airports by ICAO code]]
* [[List of airports in West Bengal]]
* [[List of airports in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web|last=Aerodrome Data|first=VECO / COH|title=Cooch Behar Airport Details|url=https://aim-india.aai.aero/sites/default/files/aip_supplements/AIPS_2019_55.pdf|website=Airports Authority of India}}

{{Airports in India}}
{{Cooch Behar topics}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Airports in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cooch Behar district]]
[[Category:Transport in Cooch Behar]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Dhananjay Bhattacharya

2026-03-10T19:08:21Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created a details added tags...

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{multiple issues|
{{one source|date=April 2018}}
{{cleanup|date=April 2018|reason=external links need tidying}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2018}}
}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Dhananjay Bhattacharya
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|9|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]],
[[Howrah]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|12|27|1922|9|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[ India]]
| alias =
| genre = singing, music direction, Adhunik Bangla Gaan (Bengali modern songs), Shyama Sangeet
| occupation = Singer, composer
| origin = [[India]]
| years_active = 
}}

'''Dhananjay Bhattacharya''' (10 September 1922 – 27 December 1992) was an Indian Bengali singer and composer. He was a versatile [[Shyama Sangeet]] singer.

== Career ==
He started his career by singing modern Bengali as well as Hindi songs. His first song was "Jodi bhule jao more/janabo na abhiman..." in 1940, recorded with Pioneer Company. His first playback was in 1943. He was best known for singing [[Shyama Sangeet]]. Out of the 24 songs in the movie ''Sadhak Ramprasad'' (1956), Dhananjay sang 23. He was versatile in singing major types and forms of songs including modern Bengali, [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Rabindra Sangeet]], [[Kirtan]], [[Bhajan]], [[Baul]], Ramprasadi (of [[Ramprasad Sen]]), [[Nazrul Geeti]], and [[Shyama Sangeet]]. His singing career lasted more than fifty years. There are 500 records of his songs.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} He was also a lyricist and wrote about 400 songs in the name of "Shri Partha" and "Shri Ananda".

He acted in a few films, including ''"Nababidhan'' and ''[[Pasher Bari]]''. In the latter, his song "Jhir Jhir Jhir Jhirjhiri Baroshay" composed by Salil Chowdhury became an instant hit. "Matite Janmo Nilam", "Ei Jhir Jhir Jhir Batase", and "Jhanana Jhanana Baje" were other major hits which are still popular.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Dhananjay Bhattacharya's songs, composed by Prafulla Bhattacharya - 'Basarore Deep Aar Akasher Taraguli', 'Hridoye Mor Rakta Jhore', 'Phul Go Tomare Chuye', 'Ken Go Dola Lage', 'Tribhuban jay kariya Ravan,' and 'Sthir Hoe Tui Bas Dekh Ma' reached the peak of popularity.

Dhanajay won the Gold Prize{{clarify|date=April 2018}} for his devotional songs in Rani Rasmoni.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} Among his basic records, one Raag based composition by Salil Chowdhuri released as a Saradiya number was such a hit that it kept on selling during the next Puja as well.

Dhanajay was also a lyricist who was credited under different pseudonyms. A numbers of Pannalal Bhattacharya's songs were penned by him, as well as other musical compositions.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Dhananjay
| first = Bhattacharya
| title = Dhananajay Bhattacharya Best Compositions
| url = http://redmux.com/composer/dhananajay-bhattacharya/
| access-date = December 14, 2017
| publisher = RedMux
| archive-date = December 15, 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171215000523/http://redmux.com/composer/dhananajay-bhattacharya/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

They were Barendra Brahmins. The descendants of this Bhaduri family were King Ganesh and Udayanacharya Bhaduri. 'The Levitating Saint'<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paramhansa |first=Yogananda |title=AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A YOGI |date=2018 |publisher=THE PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY, NEW YORK |isbn= |edition=Reprint |pages=59}}</ref> -Maharshi Nagendranath's father was Parboti charan Bhaduri. Parboti charan Bhaduri's brother Kalicharan Bhaduri was the father of the renowned sitar and Esraj player Surendranath Bhattacharya. Surendranath was awarded the title of Bhattacharya. So, instead of Bhaduri, Surendranath Bhattacharya used the surname 'Bhattacharya'. Three sons of Surendranath Bhattacharya were three legends of the Bengali music world — music director Prafulla Bhattacharya, renowned singer Dhananjay Bhattacharya and [[Pannalal Bhattacharya]].

Dhananjay was married and had three sons. Out of them, only Dipankar has taken the onus upon him to carry the legacy of his father.

He and [[music director]] Prafulla Bhattacharya were the elder brothers of the singer Pannalal. He studied in Rivers Thompson School, Bally, Howrah.

Some people{{clarify|who say|date=April 2013}} say that he and Pannalal both wanted to please Kali by offering her their songs. According to them Dhananjay received the grace of the divine mother, but Pannalal didn't. So he committed suicide, and after his death, Dhananjay bore the responsibility of Pannalal's family, along with his own.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* https://archive.today/20130208182732/http://shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Dhananjay%20Bhattacharya.html
* http://www.hummaa.com/music/artist/Dhananjay+Bhattacharya/732
* http://www.raaga.com/channels/bengali/singers/Dhananjay_Bhattacharya.html

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacharya, Dhananjay}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Singers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:People from Howrah district]]

Janhvi Kapoor

2026-03-08T11:45:29Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1997)}}
{{pp|small=y}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Janhvi Kapoor
| image = 2025 Janhvi Kapoor (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kapoor in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|03|6}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| years_active = 2018–present
| occupation = Actress
| mother = [[Sridevi]]
| father = [[Boney Kapoor]]
| relatives = See [[List of Hindi film families#Kapoor family (of Surinder Kapoor)|Kapoor family]]
}}

'''Janhvi Kapoor''' (born 6 March 1997) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in [[Hindi]] films. Born to film actress [[Sridevi]] and producer [[Boney Kapoor]], she made her acting debut in 2018 with the romantic drama ''[[Dhadak]]'', which was a commercial success.

Her subsequent theatrical releases were commercially unsuccessful, but she received nominations for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for playing the [[Gunjan Saxena|titular aviator]] in ''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]'' (2020) and a woman trapped in a freezer in ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'' (2022). In 2024, she had a brief role in the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] action drama ''[[Devara: Part 1]]'', which became the highest-grossing of her career. She has since earned praise for her supporting role as a woman of a lower-caste navigating social discrimination in ''[[Homebound (2025 film)|Homebound]]'' (2025).

== Early life and background ==
Janhvi Kapoor was born on 6 March 1997.<ref name="bd">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=Anshula Kapoor shares a glimpse of Janhvi Kapoor's birthday celebrations. Watch video |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/anshula-kapoor-shares-a-glimpse-of-janhvi-kapoor-s-birthday-celebrations-watch-video-1653124-2020-03-06 |access-date=18 June 2020 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625182810/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/anshula-kapoor-shares-a-glimpse-of-janhvi-kapoor-s-birthday-celebrations-watch-video-1653124-2020-03-06 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2019 |title=Janhvi Kapoor shares a throwback picture of Boney Kapoor and late Sridevi |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/janhvi-kapoor-shares-a-throwback-picture-of-boney-kapoor-and-late-sridevi-119060200395_1.html |website=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=18 September 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608194603/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/janhvi-kapoor-shares-a-throwback-picture-of-boney-kapoor-and-late-sridevi-119060200395_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Her father is the film producer [[Boney Kapoor]], the son of the late filmmaker [[Surinder Kapoor]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2013 |title=Sonam Kapoor: My love life has been unsuccessful |work=[[Gulf News]] |url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/sonam-kapoor-my-love-life-has-been-unsuccessful-1.1198577 |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004031815/http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/sonam-kapoor-my-love-life-has-been-unsuccessful-1.1198577 |archive-date=4 October 2015}}</ref> and her mother is the actress [[Sridevi]]. She is the niece of film actors [[Anil Kapoor|Anil]] and [[Sanjay Kapoor]].<ref name="surinder">{{Cite web |last=N |first=Patsy |date=4 May 2009 |title=Sonam is a better actor than Anil |url=http://movies.rediff.com/quote/2009/may/04/surinder-kapoor-on-life-and-times.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102025615/http://movies.rediff.com/quote/2009/may/04/surinder-kapoor-on-life-and-times.htm |archive-date=2 January 2011 |access-date=3 August 2010 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Her younger sister, [[Khushi Kapoor|Khushi]], is also an actress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lavanya |title=Sridevi's "Khushi" |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/jan193.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010208084154/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/jan193.asp |archive-date=8 February 2001 |access-date=27 June 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> She has two half siblings, [[Arjun Kapoor|Arjun]] (an actor) and Anshula Kapoor from her father's first marriage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2019 |title=Arjun Kapoor, Khushi, Anshula come together for father Boney Kapoor at Maidaan mahurat ceremony. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/arjun-kapoor-khushi-anshula-come-together-for-father-boney-kapoor-at-maidaan-mahurat-ceremony-see-pics/story-HVsAs55MCeRj7j7MC0gKqN.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029085536/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/arjun-kapoor-khushi-anshula-come-together-for-father-boney-kapoor-at-maidaan-mahurat-ceremony-see-pics/story-HVsAs55MCeRj7j7MC0gKqN.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Kapoor lost her mother on 24 February 2018 at age 20, 10 days short of her 21st birthday, when she was found dead of an accidental drowning in [[Dubai]].<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite news |title=Reports: Bollywood icon Sridevi dies aged 54 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/reports-bollywood-icon-sridevi-dies-aged-54-180224222210077.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406193149/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/reports-bollywood-icon-sridevi-dies-aged-54-180224222210077.html |archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>

Kapoor studied at [[École Mondiale World School|Ecole Mondiale World School]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8isWjteWPpc |title=The Bombay Journey ft. Janhvi Kapoor with Siddharth Aalambayan – EP100 |date=28 October 2022 |publisher=Mashable India |access-date=6 November 2022 |via=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106090305/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8isWjteWPpc |url-status=live }}</ref> Before making her film debut, she took an acting course from [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]] in California.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sridevi on Janhvi's Bollywood career – Janhvi Kapoor: Lesser known facts about the star kid |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/janhvi-kapoor-lesser-known-facts-about-the-star-kid/sridevi-on-janhvis-bollywood-career/photostory/63228078.cms |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106042025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/janhvi-kapoor-lesser-known-facts-about-the-star-kid/sridevi-on-janhvis-bollywood-career/photostory/63228078.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
===Debut and female-led films (2018–2022)===
[[File:Janhvi Kapoor graces Lux Golden Rose Awards 2018 (01).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Kapoor at an event in 2018]]
Kapoor made her acting debut in 2018 with the [[Shashank Khaitan]]-directed romance ''[[Dhadak]]'', co-starring [[Ishaan Khatter]] and produced under [[Karan Johar]]'s studio [[Dharma Productions]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-says-being-launched-by-karan-johar-has-made-her-easy-to-hate-101669193519810.html|title=Janhvi Kapoor says being launched by Karan Johar has made her 'easy to hate'|work=Hindustan Times|date=23 November 2022|access-date=27 September 2024|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227002725/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-says-being-launched-by-karan-johar-has-made-her-easy-to-hate-101669193519810.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[Hindi]]-language remake of the 2016 [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film ''[[Sairat]]'', it featured her as a young upper-class girl whose life turns tragic after she elopes with a lower-class boy (played by Khatter).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/janhvi-kapoor-dhadak/interview-janhvi-kapoor-on-dhadak-and-dealing-with-negativity-idUSKBN1K11IN|title=Interview: Janhvi Kapoor on 'Dhadak' and dealing with negativity|first=Shilpa|last=Jamkhandikar|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=27 July 2018|archive-date=27 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727212303/https://www.reuters.com/article/janhvi-kapoor-dhadak/interview-janhvi-kapoor-on-dhadak-and-dealing-with-negativity-idUSKBN1K11IN|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received predominantly negative reviews,<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 July 2018 |title=Dhadak: Critics give film thumbs down |work=[[Gulf News]] |url=https://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/dhadak-reviews-critics-give-film-a-thumbs-down-1.2254597 |access-date=17 November 2018 |archive-date=13 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813094514/https://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/reviews/dhadak-reviews-critics-give-film-a-thumbs-down-1.2254597 |url-status=live}}</ref> but with a worldwide collection of {{INR}}1.1 billion, it proved to be a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=The Real Winner With Dhadak |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4133 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183809/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4133 |archive-date=25 July 2018 |access-date=27 July 2018 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Dhadak |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-dhadak/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802012850/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-dhadak/ |archive-date=2 August 2018 |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=21 July 2018 }}</ref> Writing for ''[[News18]]'', [[Rajeev Masand]] criticised the film for removing caste-based references and deemed it inferior to the original, but felt Kapoor had "a fragility that makes her instantly endearing, and a soulful quality that makes it hard to take your eyes off her on screen".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masand, Rajeev |date=20 July 2018 |title=Caste Away |url=https://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/caste-away-2/ |access-date=27 September 2019 |website=RajeevMasand.com |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707094447/https://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/caste-away-2/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Conversely, [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' thought that she "lacks personality and delivers a colourless performance".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anna M. M. Vetticad |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad |title=Dhadak movie review: Janhvi-Ishaan are so-so in an insipid Sairat remake that is afraid to discuss caste |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dhadak-movie-review-janhvi-ishaan-are-so-so-in-an-insipid-sairat-remake-that-is-afraid-to-discuss-caste-4781021.html |website=[[Firstpost]] |date=20 July 2018 |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914232222/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/dhadak-movie-review-janhvi-ishaan-are-so-so-in-an-insipid-sairat-remake-that-is-afraid-to-discuss-caste-4781021.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She won the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2019 |title=Zee Cine Awards full winners list: Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone win big |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/zee-cine-awards-full-winners-list-ranbir-kapoor-and-deepika-padukone-win-big-1482407-2019-03-20 |access-date=25 March 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321171351/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/zee-cine-awards-full-winners-list-ranbir-kapoor-and-deepika-padukone-win-big-1482407-2019-03-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2018 |title=Girls should be unapologetic about what they want: Janhvi Kapoor |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/girls-should-be-unapologetic-about-what-they-want-janhvi-kapoor-118091201224_1.html |access-date=17 November 2018 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912174722/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/girls-should-be-unapologetic-about-what-they-want-janhvi-kapoor-118091201224_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Kapoor's next screen appearance came in 2020 when she starred in [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s segment in the [[Netflix]] horror anthology film ''[[Ghost Stories (2020 film)|Ghost Stories]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=31 December 2019 |title=Janhvi Kapoor: Working with Zoya Akhtar was my biggest takeaway from Ghost Stories |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/janhvi-kapoor-zoya-akhtar-biggest-takeaway-ghost-stories-6191941/ |access-date=1 January 2020 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325232614/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/janhvi-kapoor-zoya-akhtar-biggest-takeaway-ghost-stories-6191941/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' disliked the segments but added that the "only real surprise comes from Janhvi Kapoor in a solid, real act".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=31 December 2019 |title=Ghost Stories review: Where are the scares? |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ghost-stories-review-rating-netflix-6194377/ |access-date=1 January 2020 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820230214/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ghost-stories-review-rating-netflix-6194377/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She then took on the title role of aviator [[Gunjan Saxena]] in the biopic ''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]'', which due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] could not be released theatrically and instead streamed on Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2020 |title=Netflix's Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl to premiere on August 12 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/janhvi-kapoor-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-release-date-6508158/ |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716052020/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/janhvi-kapoor-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-release-date-6508158/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In preparation, she spent time with Saxena, underwent physical training, and learned the body language of an air force officer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |date=10 August 2020 |title=Janhvi Kapoor on 'Gunjan Saxena': 'I really want to touch people's lives' |work=Mint |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/janhvi-kapoor-i-really-want-to-touch-people-s-lives-11597035960243.html |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815211225/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/janhvi-kapoor-i-really-want-to-touch-people-s-lives-11597035960243.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] described Kapoor's performance as "passably steady" while Rahul Desai of [[Film Companion]] was more appreciative of her "deceptively private performance" which he considered to be "pitch-perfect".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=10 August 2020 |title=Gunjan Saxena - The Kargil Girl Movie Review: Spry Biopic Flies Light With Passably Steady Janhvi Kapoor |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-movie-review-spry-biopic-flies-light-with-passably-steady-janhvi-kapoor-3-5-stars-out-of-5-2277044 |access-date=10 August 2020 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828094249/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-movie-review-spry-biopic-flies-light-with-passably-steady-janhvi-kapoor-3-5-stars-out-of-5-2277044 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=10 August 2020 |title=Gunjan Saxena Starring Janhvi Kapoor Is A Potent Biopic That Juxtaposes Passion With Legacy |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/gunjan-saxena-netflix-review-janhvi-kapoor-a-potent-biopic-that-juxtaposes-passion-with-legacy-rahul-desai/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="ff21" />

In 2021, Kapoor played a dual role opposite [[Rajkummar Rao]] in the comedy horror film ''[[Roohi (2021 film)|Roohi]]''.<ref name="roohi">{{Cite news |date=14 July 2019 |title=Janhvi Kapoor a sincere and hardworking actor: Rajkummar Rao on Rooh-Afza co-star |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jul/14/janhvi-kapoor-a-sincere-and-hardworking-actor-rajkummar-rao-on-rooh-afza-co-star-2003749.html |access-date=25 July 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821054009/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jul/14/janhvi-kapoor-a-sincere-and-hardworking-actor-rajkummar-rao-on-rooh-afza-co-star-2003749.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was theatrically released after several delays due to the second wave of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="release date">{{Cite web |title=Rajkummar Rao, Janhvi Kapoor, Varun Sharma's horror-comedy renamed Roohi, film to release on March 11 in theatres |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-janhvi-kapoor-varun-sharmas-horror-comedy-renamed-roohi-film-release-march-11-theatres/ |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=15 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215044509/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rajkummar-rao-janhvi-kapoor-varun-sharmas-horror-comedy-renamed-roohi-film-release-march-11-theatres |url-status=live}}</ref> The film and Kapoor's performance were panned by critics,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2021 |title=Roohi movie review and release LIVE UPDATES: Janhvi, Rajkummar Rao film fails to impress |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/roohi-review-and-release-live-updates-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-varun-sharma-7222457/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=11 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311093302/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/roohi-review-and-release-live-updates-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-varun-sharma-7222457/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2021 |title='Roohi' 4 days box office collection report: Rajkummar Rao-starrer has a good first weekend |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/roohi-4-days-box-office-collection-report-rajkummar-rao-starrer-has-a-good-first-weekend-962265.html |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182838/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/roohi-4-days-box-office-collection-report-rajkummar-rao-starrer-has-a-good-first-weekend-962265.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and it performed poorly at the box-office.<ref name="bo">{{Cite web |title=Roohi Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/roohi-2/box-office/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=15 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215062251/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/roohi-2/box-office |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, Kapoor starred in ''[[Good Luck Jerry]]'', a remake of the 2018 Tamil film ''[[Kolamaavu Kokila]]'', produced by [[Aanand L. Rai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2021 |title=Janhvi Kapoor shares pics as she wraps Good Luck Jerry: 'So many things have happened, evolved, learnt and unlearnt' |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-shares-new-pics-as-she-wraps-good-luck-jerry-so-many-things-have-happened-changed-evolved-been-learnt-and-unlearnt-101616200651912.html |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320214631/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/janhvi-kapoor-shares-new-pics-as-she-wraps-good-luck-jerry-so-many-things-have-happened-changed-evolved-been-learnt-and-unlearnt-101616200651912.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on the streaming platform [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2022 |title=Janhvi Kapoor's Good Luck Jerry to release on Disney+ Hotstar on July 29 |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-s-good-luck-jerry-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-on-july-29-1963494-2022-06-17 |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617070122/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-s-good-luck-jerry-to-release-on-disney-hotstar-on-july-29-1963494-2022-06-17 |archive-date=17 June 2022}}</ref> In her next film, ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'', a remake of the Malayalam film [[Helen (2019 film)|''Helen'']], she played a young woman trapped in a freezer, which was played by [[Anna Ben]] in the original.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Mili first look: Janhvi Kapoor is a nurse stuck in freezer in new survival thriller. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mili-first-look-janhvi-kapoor-is-a-nurse-stuck-in-freezer-in-new-survival-thriller-see-pics-101665560413646.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012080002/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/mili-first-look-janhvi-kapoor-is-a-nurse-stuck-in-freezer-in-new-survival-thriller-see-pics-101665560413646.html |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[Anupama Chopra]] was appreciative of the "sweetness and sincerity" she brought to the part but considered it much less accomplished than Ben's performance.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVzkEisBgVY |title=Mili Movie Review by Anupama Chopra |access-date=4 November 2022 |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |minutes=4.12 |publisher=Film Companion |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104062539/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVzkEisBgVY&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live }}</ref> It emerged as a [[box-office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2022 |title=Mili box office collection Day 4: Janhvi Kapoor's film sinks further |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/mili-box-office-collection-day-4-janhvi-kapoor-film-sinks-further-2294539-2022-11-08 |work=India Today |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807111737/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/mili-box-office-collection-day-4-janhvi-kapoor-film-sinks-further-2294539-2022-11-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> She received another Best Actress nomination at Filmfare.<ref name="ff23">{{Cite news |date=24 April 2023 |title=Nominations for the 68th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2023 with Maharashtra Tourism |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |work=Filmfare |access-date=24 April 2023 |archive-date=24 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424083516/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-68th-hyundai-filmfare-awards-2023-with-maharashtra-tourism-58094.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Career setbacks (2023–present)===
Kapoor starred opposite [[Varun Dhawan]] in [[Nitesh Tiwari]]'s ''[[Bawaal]]'' (2023), a romantic drama about a feuding couple who learn about [[World War II]] as they travel across Europe. It was released digitally on Amazon Prime Video.<ref name="bawaal">{{Cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-bawaal-prime-video-streaming-date-1235661175/ |title=Varun Dhawan, Janhvi Kapoor's 'Bawaal' Teaser Unveiled, Prime Video Streaming Date Confirmed |work=Variety |date=4 July 2023 |accessdate=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705065214/https://variety.com/2023/tv/asia/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-bawaal-prime-video-streaming-date-1235661175/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film received backlash for [[Holocaust trivialization]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mogul|first=Rhea|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/28/media/india-bollywood-bawaal-movie-holocaust-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Bollywood film 'Bawaal' accused of trivializing Holocaust and demeaning victims|website=CNN|date=28 July 2023|accessdate=7 August 2023|archive-date=28 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728102749/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/28/media/india-bollywood-bawaal-movie-holocaust-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The New York Times]]'', Beatrice Loayza criticised the lack of chemistry between the lead pair and dismissed Kapoor as "devoid of charisma".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Loayza |first=Beatrice |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/20/movies/bawaal-review.html |title='Bawaal' Review: Getting Some Perspective |work=The New York Times |date=20 July 2023 |accessdate=21 July 2023 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721012912/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/20/movies/bawaal-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leaf Arbuthnot of ''[[The Guardian]]'' also panned the film and their chemistry but was appreciative of her "still, mature performance".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arbuthnot |first=Leaf |date=21 July 2023 |title=Bawaal review – redemption romcom in spectacularly poor taste |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/jul/21/bawaal-review-redemption-romcom-in-spectacularly-poor-taste |access-date=7 January 2024 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922060809/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/jul/21/bawaal-review-redemption-romcom-in-spectacularly-poor-taste |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2024, Kapoor had three film releases. She reunited with Rajkummar Rao for the sports drama ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]'', about a man who vicariously fulfils his dreams of becoming a professional cricketer through his wife.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mr. & Mrs. Mahi Movie Review : A unique sports drama about dreams and self-discovery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mr-mrs-mahi/movie-review/110581045.cms |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531121133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mr-mrs-mahi/movie-review/110581045.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Whilst filming cricketing sequences, Kapoor twice dislocated her shoulder.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Janhvi Kapoor Reveals She Dislocated Shoulders Twice While Shooting For Mr And Mrs Mahi |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-reveals-she-dislocated-shoulders-twice-while-shooting-for-mr-and-mrs-mahi-6354415.html |access-date=9 April 2024 |website=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |archive-date=24 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924075424/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-reveals-she-dislocated-shoulders-twice-while-shooting-for-mr-and-mrs-mahi-6354415.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shilajit Mishra of ''[[The Hindu]]'' thought that she had yet to achieve "requisite ease in performance" despite appearing in nine films.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Shilajit |date=2024-05-31 |title=Mr & Mrs Mahi movie review: This Janhvi Kapoor, Rajkummar Rao partnership doesn't quite land |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mr-mrs-mahi-movie-review-this-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-partnership-doesnt-quite-land/article68235440.ece |access-date=2024-05-31 |work=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601015434/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mr-mrs-mahi-movie-review-this-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-partnership-doesnt-quite-land/article68235440.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She followed this with the portrayal of a young [[Indian Foreign Service]] officer accused of dissent against the government in the political thriller ''[[Ulajh]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2023 |title=Janhvi Kapoor, Gulshan Devaiah And Roshan Mathew To Headline Thriller Film 'Ulajh'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/janhvi-kapoor-gulshan-devaiah-and-roshan-mathew-to-headline-thriller-film-ulajh--news-285093 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721084524/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/janhvi-kapoor-gulshan-devaiah-and-roshan-mathew-to-headline-thriller-film-ulajh--news-285093 |archive-date=21 July 2023 |accessdate=21 July 2023 |work=Outlook}}</ref> Kapoor admitted to feeling "obsessive" about the film due to her substantial involvement in the creative process.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-25 |title=Janhvi Kapoor on 'Ulajh': Never been so obsessive or sensitive about a film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-on-ulajh-never-been-so-obsessive-or-sensitive-about-a-film-2571785-2024-07-25 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=3 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803000051/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/janhvi-kapoor-on-ulajh-never-been-so-obsessive-or-sensitive-about-a-film-2571785-2024-07-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a mixed review of the film, ''[[The Quint]]''{{'s}} Pratikshya Mishra was appreciative of Kapoor's handling of "emotionally demanding scenes".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Pratikshya |date=2024-08-02 |title='Ulajh' Review: Janhvi Kapoor-Starrer Is Engaging Despite Its Missteps |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/ulajh-janhvi-kapoor-full-movie-review-new-film-spy-thriller-roshan-mathew-chang-movie-gulshan-devaiah |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=[[The Quint]] |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802123729/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/ulajh-janhvi-kapoor-full-movie-review-new-film-spy-thriller-roshan-mathew-chang-movie-gulshan-devaiah |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar to her previous theatrical releases, both ''Mr. & Mrs. Mahi'' and ''Ulajh'' were commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-04 |title=Gulshan Devaiah opens up about underperformance of Janhvi Kapoor-starrer Ulajh: 'The ones who don't embrace the struggle…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gulshan-devaiah-opens-up-about-underperformance-of-janhvi-kapoor-starrer-ulajh-the-ones-who-dont-embrace-the-struggle-9494280/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807132512/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gulshan-devaiah-opens-up-about-underperformance-of-janhvi-kapoor-starrer-ulajh-the-ones-who-dont-embrace-the-struggle-9494280/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Janhvi Kapoor Hit Movies List |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/jhanvi-kapoor/box-office/ |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=6 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906180124/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/jhanvi-kapoor/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Janhvi Kapoor at 2025 Cannes Homebound Photocall 1 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Kapoor at the [[2025 Cannes Film Festival]] for the premiere of ''Homebound''|280x280px]]Also in 2024, Kapoor expanded to [[Telugu cinema]] by playing a brief role opposite [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr]] in the action film ''[[Devara: Part 1]]'' from [[Koratala Siva]].<ref name="devara">{{Cite web |date=19 May 2023 |title='RRR' Star NTR Jr's 30th Film Title Confirmed As 'Devara'; First Look Revealed |website=Deadline Hollywood |url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/rrr-star-ntr-jr-n-t-rama-rao-jr-devara-first-look-1235373127/ |access-date=19 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519213622/https://deadline.com/2023/05/rrr-star-ntr-jr-n-t-rama-rao-jr-devara-first-look-1235373127/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/devara-part-1/critic-review/devara-part-1-movie-review/devara-part-1-suffers-from-a-weak-second-half/|title=Devara: Part 1 Movie Review: Devara Part 1 suffers from a weak second half|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 September 2024|date=27 September 2024|archive-date=27 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927100455/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/devara-part-1/critic-review/devara-part-1-movie-review/devara-part-1-suffers-from-a-weak-second-half/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Rediff.com]]'s [[Sukanya Verma]] dismissed her role in a rare androcentric project, writing that she "shows up only post interval to pout and preen around NTR's machismo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=27 September 2024 |title=Devara Part 1 Review: A Jr NTR Show |website=Rediff.com |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/devara-part-1-review/20240927.htm |access-date=27 September 2024 |archive-date=27 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927192007/https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/devara-part-1-review/20240927.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a gross of over {{INRConvert|5|b|year=2024}}, ''Devara: Part 1'' emerged as Kapoor's first commercial success since ''Dhadak'', as well as the highest-grossing of her career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=Devara: Part 1 Box Office: Jr. NTR starrer storms past Rs. 521+ crores worldwide :Bollywood Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/devara-part-1-box-office-jr-ntr-starrer-storms-past-rs-521-crores-worldwide/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The following year, Kapoor had three releases, starting with [[Neeraj Ghaywan]]'s ''[[Homebound (2025 film)|Homebound]]'', which premiered at the [[2025 Cannes Film Festival|78th Cannes Film Festival]] in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=Homebound: Scorsese backed Indian film that got a nine-minute ovation at Cannes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czelypr8jdlo |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> It earned unanimous critical acclaim, with ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' commending Kapoor for "demonstrating authenticity and the ability to deliver complex emotion" in a brief role.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Homebound’ Review: One of the Year’s Best Indian Films Is a Martin Scorsese-Produced Drama of Friendship Amid Systemic Injustice|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/homebound-review-martin-scorsese-1236391621/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2025-10-02|access-date=2025-11-30|language=en-US|first=Anupama|last=Chopra}}</ref> It had a theatrical release a few months later, where it had poor box-office returns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-27 |title=Homebound box office collection day 1: India’s Oscar entry hits theatres with limited release despite Dharma backing, earns Rs 29 lakh |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/homebound-box-office-collection-day-1-india-oscar-entry-hits-theatres-with-limited-release-rs-29-lakh-10274128/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Kapoor next appeared opposite [[Sidharth Malhotra]] in ''[[Param Sundari (film)|Param Sundari]]'', a romantic comedy in which a North Indian man (Malhotra) creates a fake matchmaking app that pairs him with a South Indian woman (Kapoor).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |date=24 December 2024 |title=Sidharth Malhotra, Janhvi Kapoor's 'Param Sundari' From Maddock Films Set for Summer 2025 (Exclusive) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/sidharth-malhotra-janhvi-kapoor-param-sundari-maddock-films-1236258986/ |work=Variety}}</ref> The film faced substantial online criticism for perpetuating regressive stereotypes about South Indian culture, especially in its depiction of Kapoor's character, Sundari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=Param Sundari: New Bollywood romcom sparks debate over stereotyping south India |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gveer8wgro |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Oommen |first=Nainu |date=2025-08-23 |title=‘Param Sundari’ row: When Bollywood went beyond ‘mullapoo’, Mohiniyattam and ‘laal colour ki sari’ to represent Malayalis |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/param-sundari-bollywood-stereotypical-representation-of-malayalis-janhvi-kapoor-siddharth-malhotra/article69959812.ece |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In a scathing review for ''The Hollywood Reporter India'', Rahul Desai criticised the film's writing and dismissed Kapoor's performance as derivative.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=‘Param Sundari’ Movie Review: Imitation Is Not The Best Flattery |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/param-sundari-movie-review-sidharth-malhotra-janhvi-kapoors-culture-clash-romcom-has-no-identity-of-its-own |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, critics lamented the lack of chemistry between the lead pair.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Vineeta |date=2025-08-29 |title=Param Sundari review: Sidharth-Janhvi can sell Kerala trips, not love |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/param-sundari-movie-review-sidharth-malhotra-janhvi-kapoor-can-sell-kerala-trips-not-love-2778728-2025-08-29 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-29 |title=Param Sundari movie review: Sidharth Malhotra-Janhvi Kapoor film struggles to find both rom and com |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/param-sundari-movie-review-sidharth-malhotra-janhvi-kapoor-film-struggles-to-find-both-rom-and-com-10218294/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Kapoor ended the year with Khaitan's ''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]'', in which [[Scroll.in]]'s Nandini Ramnath opined that she had been overshadowed by her co-star Dhawan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2025-10-02 |title=‘Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari’ review: Varun Dhawan steals the show |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1087046/sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-review-varun-dhawan-steals-the-show |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> All of Kapoor's 2025 releases underperformed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-09 |title=With 3 Flops In A Row In 2025, SSKTK Star Janhvi Kapoor's Last & Only Hit Released 7 Yrs Ago |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/180012-janhvi-kapoor-3-flops-2025-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-param-sundari-homebound.html |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=MensXP |language=en-IN}}</ref> She will next star with [[Ram Charan]] in the action film ''[[Peddi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-20 |title=Janhvi Kapoor decks up in green saree at Telugu film RC 16's grand launch with Ram Charan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/rc-16-ram-charan-janhvi-kapoor-green-saree-telugu-film-launch-pooja-ceremony-video-101710915564061.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324112732/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/rc-16-ram-charan-janhvi-kapoor-green-saree-telugu-film-launch-pooja-ceremony-video-101710915564061.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-22 |title=Dulhania 3? Karan Johar announces Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari; Janhvi Kapoor replaces Alia opposite Varun Dhawan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dulhania-3-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-janhvi-kapoor-replaces-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-101708582532228.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222073427/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dulhania-3-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-janhvi-kapoor-replaces-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-101708582532228.html |archive-date=22 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Media image ==
[[File:Janhvi Kapoor (cropped).jpg|thumb|224x224px|Kapoor in 2022]]Kapoor has been placed in Rediff.com's "Best Actresses" list in 2020 and 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/special/-2020s-10-best-actresses-yearend/20201231.htm |title=2020's 10 BEST ACTRESSES |website=Rediff.com |access-date=22 January 2021 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912063450/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/special/-2020s-10-best-actresses-yearend/20201231.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-women-we-loved-in-2022/20221226.htm |title=The Women We Loved In 2022 |website=Rediff.com |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912063450/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/the-women-we-loved-in-2022/20221226.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> She is an endorser for several brands and products, such as [[Nykaa]], Drools and [[Aldo Group|Aldo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-janhvi-kapoor-roped-brand-ambassador-nykaa-cosmetics/ |title=Janhvi Kapoor roped in as a brand ambassador of Nykaa cosmetics! |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=12 September 2018 |access-date=12 September 2018 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912063450/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/breaking-janhvi-kapoor-roped-brand-ambassador-nykaa-cosmetics/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/marketing-news/drools-ropes-in-janhvi-kapoor-as-brand-ambassador-125000.html |title=Drools ropes in Janhvi Kapoor as brand ambassador |website=Exchange4media |access-date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211411/https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/marketing-news/drools-ropes-in-janhvi-kapoor-as-brand-ambassador-125000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/marketing/janhvi-kapoor-signs-up-as-brand-ambassador-for-aldo-india/94381782 |title=Janhvi Kapoor signs up as brand ambassador for Aldo India |website=Economic Times |access-date=20 December 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211411/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/marketing/janhvi-kapoor-signs-up-as-brand-ambassador-for-aldo-india/94381782 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kapoor has frequently featured in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s list of most desirable women, ranking 28th in 2018, 24th in 2019, and 18th in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/69468095.cms |title=Meet India's most desirable divas |website=The Times of India |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814190648/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/69468095.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/disha-patani-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2019-list20200829103342/?amp=1 |title=Disha Patani tops The Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2019 list |website=ANI |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929192050/https://www.aninews.in/news/business/disha-patani-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2019-list20200829103342/?amp=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/rhea-chakraborty-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2020-list/673211/?amp |title=Rhea Chakraborty tops The Times 50 Most Desirable Women 2020 list |website=Theprint |date=7 June 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211410/https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/rhea-chakraborty-tops-the-times-50-most-desirable-women-2020-list/673211/?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' featured her in their dynamic dozen for the decade list.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nazir|first=Asjad|url=https://www-easterneye-biz.webpkgcache.com/doc/-/s/www.easterneye.biz/dynamic-dozen-for-the-decade/|title=Dynamic dozen for the decade|newspaper=Eastern Eye|date=9 January 2020 |access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Film yet to release}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role(s)
! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref.
|-
| 2018
| scope="row" |''[[Dhadak]]''
| Parthavi Singh Rathore
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhadak first look: Janhvi Kapoor has Sridevi's charm and Ishaan Khatter is Bollywood's next chocolate boy |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-sairat-remake-starring-janhvi-kapoor-and-ishaan-khatter-dhadak-first-look-see-photo-4938670/ |access-date=15 November 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115164533/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karan-johar-sairat-remake-starring-janhvi-kapoor-and-ishaan-khatter-dhadak-first-look-see-photo-4938670/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
| scope="row" |''[[Ghost Stories (2020 film)|Ghost Stories]]''
| Sameera
| [[Zoya Akhtar]]'s segment
|<ref name="it">{{Cite news |date=18 September 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur, Avinash Tiwary to star in Karan Johar's Ghost Stories |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/mrunal-thakur-avinash-tiwary-to-star-in-karan-johar-s-ghost-stories-1600377-2019-09-18 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919175112/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/mrunal-thakur-avinash-tiwary-to-star-in-karan-johar-s-ghost-stories-1600377-2019-09-18 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]''
| [[Gunjan Saxena]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2020 |title=Janhvi Kapoor Starrer Gunjan Saxena The Kargil Girl to Release on Netflix |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-starrer-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-to-release-on-netflix-2660485.html |website=[[News18]] |access-date=25 June 2021 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820100254/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-starrer-gunjan-saxena-the-kargil-girl-to-release-on-netflix-2660485.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| scope="row" |''[[Roohi (2021 film)|Roohi]]''
| Roohi Arora / Afzana Bedi
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 2020 |title=Janhvi Kapoor, Rajkummar Rao's Roohi Afza Titled Changed Again to Roohi Afzana |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-raos-roohi-afza-titled-changed-again-to-roohi-afzana-2443937.html |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104165620/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-raos-roohi-afza-titled-changed-again-to-roohi-afzana-2443937.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| scope="row" |''[[Good Luck Jerry]]''
| Jaya "Jerry" Kumari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2021 |title=Janhvi Kapoor announces Good Luck Jerry's wrap with aesthetic pictures from the set |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-announces-good-luck-jerrys-wrap-aesthetic-pictures-set/ |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320060855/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-announces-good-luck-jerrys-wrap-aesthetic-pictures-set/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]''
| Mili Naudiyal
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2021 |title=Janhvi Kapoor Wraps Up Filming 'Mili', Pens Down Heartfelt Note For Boney Kapoor: 'My First Film With Papa' |work=ABP News |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-up-filming-mili-pens-down-heartfelt-note-for-boney-kapoor-my-first-film-with-papa-1495975 |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126185550/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-up-filming-mili-pens-down-heartfelt-note-for-boney-kapoor-my-first-film-with-papa-1495975 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2" |2023
| scope="row" | ''[[Bawaal]]''
| Nisha Dixit
|
|<ref name="bawaal"/>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
|Unnamed
| Special appearance in song "Heart Throb"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Dhawan joins Ananya Panday, Janhvi Kapoor, and Sara Ali Khan in the Ranveer Singh – Alia Bhatt starrer Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-varun-dhawan-joins-ananya-panday-janhvi-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708035226/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-varun-dhawan-joins-ananya-panday-janhvi-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-alia-bhatt-starrer-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
| scope="row" |''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''
| Jiah
| Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=REVEALED: Janhvi Kapoor has a special appearance in Shahid Kapoor-Kriti Sanon starrer Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-janhvi-kapoor-special-appearance-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|date=9 February 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=9 February 2024|archive-date=9 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240209022532/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-janhvi-kapoor-special-appearance-shahid-kapoor-kriti-sanon-starrer-teri-baaton-mein-aisa-uljha-jiya/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]''
| Mahima "Mahi" Aggarwal
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2023 |title=Janhvi Kapoor wraps up Mr and Mrs Mahi: "Waking up this morning felt like a rebirth" |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-mr-mrs-mahi-waking-morning-felt-like-rebirth/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191003/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-mr-mrs-mahi-waking-morning-felt-like-rebirth/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Ulajh]]''
| Suhana Bhatia
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2023|title=Janhvi Kapoor wraps her next Ulajh: "Everything about this journey has been so healing"|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-next-ulajh-everything-journey-healing/|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=11 September 2023|archive-date=12 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912014708/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/janhvi-kapoor-wraps-next-ulajh-everything-journey-healing/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" |''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
| Thangam
| [[Telugu film]]
|<ref name="devara"/>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
| scope="row"| ''[[Homebound (2025 film)|Homebound]]''
| Sudha Bharti
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vogue.sg/janhvi-kapoor-homebound-cannes/|title=Janhvi Kapoor on stepping into a powerful new role and bringing Homebound to Cannes|work=vogue}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row"| ''[[Param Sundari (film)|Param Sundari]]''
| Thekkepattu Sundari Damodharan Pillai aka Sundari
|
| <ref>{{Cite news |title=Sidharth Malhotra to explore romance in Param Sundari with Janhvi Kapoor; shooting begins in Navi Mumbai|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-explore-romance-param-sundari-janhvi-kapoor-shooting-begins-navi-mumbai/|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=7 December 2024 |access-date=7 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row"| ''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''
| Tulsi Kumari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-04 |title=Varun Dhawan-Janhvi Kapoor Begin Shoot Of Next Film Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari; Shares Pic |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-begin-shoot-of-next-film-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-shares-pic-8877632.html |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008071637/https://www.news18.com/movies/varun-dhawan-janhvi-kapoor-begin-shoot-of-next-film-sunny-sanskari-ki-tulsi-kumari-shares-pic-8877632.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| scope="row" style="background:#FFFFCC;" |''[[Peddi]]'' {{dagger|alt=Film has yet to be released}}
| Achiyyamma
|Telugu film; Completed
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-23 |title='RC 16': Ram Charan-Janhvi Kapoor film goes on floors in Mysuru; Jagapathi Babu joins the cast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rc-16-ram-charan-janhvi-kapoor-film-goes-on-floors-in-mysuru-jagapathi-babu-joins-the-cast/article68901661.ece |access-date=2025-02-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

===Music video appearances===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Performers
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2020
| "Kudi Nu Nachne De"
|[[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Angrezi Medium Song Kudi Nu Nachne De: Alia Bhatt, Katrina Kaif And Anushka Sharma Will Set Your Mood For The Week |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/angrezi-medium-song-kudi-nu-nachne-de-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-and-anushka-sharma-will-set-your-mood--2189862 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134048/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/angrezi-medium-song-kudi-nu-nachne-de-alia-bhatt-katrina-kaif-and-anushka-sharma-will-set-your-mood--2189862 |archive-date=5 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2018
|[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
|Stylish Debutant of the Year
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-2018-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-5502109/lite/ |title=Lokmat Most Stylish Awards 2018: Ranveer-Sara burn the stage; Rajkummar and Janhvi emerge winners |website=The Indian Express |date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=23 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223155013/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-2018-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-5502109/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
|[[64th Filmfare Awards|Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| rowspan="3" |''[[Dhadak]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards - 2019 |url=https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/filmfare-awards-2019?type=0&id=1555819018622 |url-status=live |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=Jio Cinema |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119084538/https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/filmfare-awards-2019?type=0&id=1555819018622}}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Star Debut of the Year – Female]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2019 |title=Inside IIFA 2019: Everything that happened at the awards night |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2019-inside-photos-videos-everything-that-happened-6008793/ |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119084536/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2019-inside-photos-videos-everything-that-happened-6008793/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2019 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2019: Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2019-winners-ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-photos-5635146/ |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119084535/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/zee-cine-awards-2019-winners-ranbir-kapoor-deepika-padukone-alia-bhatt-photos-5635146/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="ff21">{{Cite web |title=Janhvi Kapoor- Best Actor in Leading Role Female Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/nominations/best-actor-female/janhvi-kapoor |access-date=19 November 2021 |website=Filmfare |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119084537/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/nominations/best-actor-female/janhvi-kapoor |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards]]
|Super Stylish Youth Idol – Female
|{{N/A}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-winner-list-find-out-who-won-what-at-the-starry-night-1145089%3famp |title=Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards Winners List: Find out who won what at the starry night |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218082350/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-winner-list-find-out-who-won-what-at-the-starry-night-1145089?amp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6"|2023
|rowspan="2"|[[Bollywood Hungama Style Icons]]
|Stylish Iconic Performer – Female
|{{n/a}}
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bh-style-icons-2023-anushka-sharma-alia-bhatt-nominations-stylish-iconic-performer-female/ |title=BH Style Icons 2023: From Anushka Sharma to Alia Bhatt, here are the nominations for Most Stylish Iconic Performer (Female) |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=21 March 2023 |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321151023/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bh-style-icons-2023-anushka-sharma-alia-bhatt-nominations-stylish-iconic-performer-female/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Stylish Youth Icon – Female
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bh-style-icons-2023-janhvi-kapoor-wins-stylish-youth-icon-female-speaks-endless-journey-style-fashion/ |title=BH Style Icons 2023: Janhvi Kapoor wins 'Most Stylish Youth Icon (Female); speaks about being on "an endless journey" of style and fashion |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=29 March 2023 |access-date=29 March 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170555/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/features/bh-style-icons-2023-janhvi-kapoor-wins-stylish-youth-icon-female-speaks-endless-journey-style-fashion/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards]]
|Style Icon of the Year – Reader's Choice
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-2023-bhumi-pednekar-is-the-stylish-pathbreaker-ananya-bags-most-glamorous-icon-1215865?amp |title=Pinkvilla Style Icons Edition 2 Winners list: Kiara Advani, Janhvi to Kartik Aaryan, a look at who won what! |website=Pinkvilla |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408170556/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-2023-bhumi-pednekar-is-the-stylish-pathbreaker-ananya-bags-most-glamorous-icon-1215865?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/entertainment/news-zee-cine-awards-2023-full-list-of-winners-best-film-best-actor-best-actress-songs-and-more-226531/amp |title=Zee Cine Awards 2023: Check Full list of Winners, Best Film, Best Actor, Actress, Songs and more |website=Zeebiz |access-date=18 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319132636/https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/entertainment/news-zee-cine-awards-2023-full-list-of-winners-best-film-best-actor-best-actress-songs-and-more-226531/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Female|Best Actress (Critics)]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref name="ff23"/>
|-
|[[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Actress (Web Original Film)
| rowspan="2" |''[[Bawaal]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2023|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/|website=Filmfare|date=26 November 2023|access-date=29 November 2023|archive-date=10 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110000751/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[Pinkvilla Screen and Style Icons Awards]]
|Best Actress (OTT) – Popular Choice
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=Pinkvilla Screen & Style Icons Awards: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-screen-and-style-icons-awards-complete-list-of-winners-ft-kiara-advani-akshay-kumar-karan-johar-and-more-1287517 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320123412/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-screen-and-style-icons-awards-complete-list-of-winners-ft-kiara-advani-akshay-kumar-karan-johar-and-more-1287517 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|9427099}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|jhanvi-kapoor}}

{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Janhvi Kapoor
|d = yes
|d-search = Q22290570
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Janhvi}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Kapoor family]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]

Surya Vamsam (1997 film)

2026-03-08T00:08:28Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Surya Vamsam
| image = Surya Vamsam 1997 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Vikraman]]
| writer = Vikraman
| producer = [[R. B. Choudary]]
| starring = [[R. Sarathkumar]] [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]]
| cinematography = [[S. Saravanan]]
| editing = V. Jaishankar
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| studio = [[Super Good Films]]
| released = {{film date|1997|6|27|df=y}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Surya Vamsam''''' ({{translation|[[Solar dynasty]]}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[Vikraman]]. The film stars [[R. Sarathkumar]] and [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], with [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Manivannan]], [[Priya Raman]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], Tharini, [[Ajay Rathnam|Ajay Ratnam]], [[Jai Ganesh]], Shiva and [[Anandaraj]] in supporting roles. It revolves around a traditional father and his son, following their tense relationship and shows how the strict patriarchy causes a drift between them.

''Surya Vamsam'' was released on 27 June 1997 and emerged one of the most successful Tamil films of the year.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=2 January 1998 |title=Dispute affects production |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QvxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-BQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5522%2C620572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610065321/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QvxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-BQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5522%2C620572 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |access-date=11 July 2023 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Arts 3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> The film won six [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Vikraman) and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Devayani), while Sarathkumar won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]. It was remade into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Suryavamsam (1998 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' (1998), in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Sooryavansham]]'' (1999), in [[Kannada]] as [[Suryavamsha (film)|''Suryavamsha'']] (1999) and in [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] as ''[[Dulha Milal Dildar]]'' (2005).

== Plot ==
Sakthivel Gounder is a rich, influential, and one of the most educated men in his village near [[Pollachi]]. He has a wife, Latha, three sons, and a daughter. Sakthivel hates his youngest son, Chinnarasu. Sakthivel's daughter's wedding is fixed, and Nandini is the groom's sister. She meets Chinnarasu during her brother's wedding and wonders why Sakthivel dislikes him. Chinnarasu's sidekick, Rasappa, tells a flashback to Nandini.

Chinnarasu was weak in studies since childhood. He was in love with his relative Gowri, and the elders decided to get them married. However, Gowri is educated, and she attempts suicide, thinking that Chinnarasu is not a perfect match for her, as he is uneducated and illiterate. Chinnarasu saves Gowri and cancels the marriage proposal, but blames himself and does not reveal the truth. This angers Sakthivel, thinking that Chinnarasu did not respect his words and stopped talking to him.

Nandini gets impressed by understanding Chinnarasu's kind heart and develops an affection towards him. Nandini proposes to Chinnarasu, for which he does not agree. Later, he too understands her true love and accepts. Both get their marriage registered, but Sakthivel gets angry knowing about this and asks the couple to vacate the home. Chinnarasu and Nandini move to a small house on the outskirts, and he secures a job in a bus transport company. With the help of Nandini's uncle, Chinnarasu purchases a bus and starts a transport company. Over time, he develops his business and becomes a rich man. Also, Nandini clears the civil services and gets posted as the [[Coimbatore district]] collector.

Sakthivel gets surprised seeing his son and daughter-in-law's growth in life. Gowri's husband suffers losses in his business, which is later closed down, and she comes to meet Chinnarasu, requesting him to provide the job of Marketing Manager in his sugar factory, for which he accepts. Sakthivel meets Chinnarasu's son, Sakthivel Jr., at school and develops a bond with him. Chinnarasu gets to know this and feels happy. Sakthivel realises his mistake of not understanding his son. Meanwhile, Dharmalingam Gounder has a rivalry with Sakthivel, as the latter punished Dharmalingam for misbehaving with a woman in the past, and plans to kill him and blame Chinnarasu. Dharmalingam adds poison to the sweet given to Sakthivel by Chinnarasu, but Sakthivel is saved after getting rushed to the hospital, and Dharmalingam gets beaten up by the people. In the end, everyone gets united and lives as a joint family.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Sakthivel Gounder and Chinnarasu Gounder
* [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] as Nandhini [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Latha Gounder
* [[Priya Raman]] as Gowri
* [[Hemalatha]] as Shaktivel Gounder Jr.
* [[Manivannan]] as Rasappa
* [[Anandaraj]] as Dharamalingam
* [[R. Sundarrajan]] as Sadhasivam
* [[Jai Ganesh]] as Ranganathan
* [[Sathyapriya]] as Subbulakshmi
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Thangarasu
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Rajalingam
* [[Singamuthu]] as Sundaram
* [[Neelu]] as Doctor
* [[Ramesh Khanna]] as Kathiresan
* [[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu]] as Shenbagam
* [[S. N. Vasanth]] as Chandran
* Siva as Sivakumar
* Kumaresan as Marimuthu
* Tharani as Vasantha
* [[Sheela Kaur]] as Vasantha's daughter
* [[Lavanya (actress)|Lavanya]] as Swapna
* Annuja as Sundari, a bus conductor
* [[Rajakumaran (director)|Rajakumaran]] as bus passenger
}}

== Production ==

The story of ''Surya Vamsam'' was written by director [[Vikraman]] in 1988 planning to cast actor [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] and [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] in lead roles, but after 10 years the film got its venture.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{Cite web |last=Darshan |first=Navein |date=23 October 2019 |title=Sense of a scene: The son's speech in Suryavamsam |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/oct/23/watch--sense-of-a-scene-the-sons-speech-in-suryavamsam-2051492.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024121535/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/oct/23/watch--sense-of-a-scene-the-sons-speech-in-suryavamsam-2051492.html |archive-date=24 October 2019 |access-date=24 October 2019 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> In 1996, following the success of ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'', producer [[R. B. Choudary]] asked Vikraman to direct once again under his [[Super Good Films]] banner. This time Vikraman came with a relationship between elder brother and younger brother which later became ''[[Vaanathaippola]]'' (2000). After writing the story, he immediately narrated the story to Choudary. He was so inspired by story and he decided to produce the film, but he had put one demand to Vikraman to direct this story with [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] and give dual role for the character of Vellaichamy and Muthu like twin brothers but Vikraman did not accept to make this character with Sarathkumar because he thought of [[Janagaraj]] for Vellaichamy character and [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] for Muthu character. After many arguments, Vikraman decided to make the film with Sarathkumar with a different story and Choudary did not accept this at first but later he was convinced with half heart to accept ''Surya Vamsam'' which Vikraman had scripted.<ref name="newindianexpress" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mQIINj8xZE |title=அடுத்தவரை குறை சொல்லாதவர் அஜீத் /CHAI WITH CHITHRA -VIKRAMAN INTERVIEW PART 2 |date=5 October 2019 |language=ta |publisher=Touring Talkies |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325065346/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mQIINj8xZE |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack is composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suryavamsam (1997) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/suryavamsam-songs-T0000493 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230325064330/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/suryavamsam-songs-T0000493 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=24 October 2019 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Rosappu Chinna Rosappu
| extra1 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| lyrics1 = Ra. Ravishankar
| note1 = male
| length1 = 4:12
| title2 = Kadhala Kadhala
| extra2 = Hariharan, [[Swarnalatha]]
| lyrics2 = [[Palani Bharathi]]
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = Chalakku Chalakku
| extra3 = [[Arunmozhi]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| lyrics3 = Ra. Ravishankar
| length3 = 4:04
| title4 = Rosappu Chinna Rosappu
| extra4 = Sujatha
| lyrics4 = Ra. Ravishankar
| note4 = female
| length4 = 3:58
| title5 = Natchathira Jannalil
| extra5 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sunanda (singer)|Sunandha]]
| lyrics5 = [[Mu. Metha]]
| length5 = 4:56
| title6 = Thirunalu Thaerazhaga
| extra6 = [[S. A. Rajkumar]], Sujatha
| lyrics6 = Kalaikumar
| length6 = 3:21
| total_length = 25:06 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Surya Vamsam'' was released on 27 June 1997.{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=199}} Ji of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' called it a truly decent, well-structured story with unprompted dialogues while praising the performances of Sarathkumar in dual roles, Devayani and Priyaraman but called the climax as logical loophole and concluded if only the tempo in the second half had been sufficient, there would have been no objection to call it a super good film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜி |date=27 July 1997 |title=சூர்யவம்சம் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1997-07-27/page/n81/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230211055008/https://archive.org/details/kalki1997-07-27/page/n81/mode/2up |archive-date=11 February 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=80 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> K. N. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "The story seems common enough and not that interesting. But under Vikraman's direction, it has been turned into an entertaining movie".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=5 July 1997 |title=Plenty of moral values in this winner |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ImkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LRUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3939%2C2337151 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611041107/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ImkWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LRUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3939%2C2337151 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=Arts 4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event
! Category
! Recipient
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
| [[R. Sarathkumar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=201}} <ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 1998 |title=Latest General Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOgDAAAAMBAJ&q=Filmfare |magazine=Competition Science Vision |publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan |page=791 |access-date=5 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Cinema Express Awards]]
| [[Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]]
| ''Surya Vamsam''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1998 |title=Cinema Express Awards: Sree Devi Gave Away Best Actor Award For Sarath Kumar |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/24-08-98/express.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203185354/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/24-08-98/express.htm |archive-date=3 February 1999 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1998 |title=''Cinema Express'' awards presented |url=http://indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980824/23650774.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012164116/http://indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19980824/23650774.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Cinema Express Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]]
|[[Vikraman]]
|-
|[[Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|R. Sarathkumar
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
| [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Best Music Director – Tamil
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''Surya Vamsam''{{efn|Shared with ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''.}}
| rowspan="6" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 1998 |title=Awards Tamilnadu Government Cinema Awards For 1997 Announced: Best Film Award For "Arunachalam", "Surya Vamsam" |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/27-11-98/g_award.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203194036/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/27-11-98/g_award.htm |archive-date=3 February 1999 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| [[Devayani]]
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|Vikraman
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|S. A. Rajkumar
|-
|Best Sound Recordist
|Iyappan
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Villain|Best Villain]]
|[[Anandaraj]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |Dinakaran Cinema Awards
| Best Film
| ''Surya Vamsam''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=DINAKARAN CINEMA AWARD – 1997 |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/dkn1997/1997dkn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980615070355/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/dkn1997/1997dkn.htm |archive-date=15 June 1998 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actor
| R. Sarathkumar
|-
| Best Actress
| Devayani
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Screen Awards]]
| Best Director
| Vikraman
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=And the winners are... |url=http://expressindia.com/screen/apr17/cover2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980513013559/http://expressindia.com/screen/apr17/cover2.htm |archive-date=1998-05-13 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=[[The Indian Express|Express India]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 1998 |title=Suhasini, Ramesh walk away with Screen awards |url=https://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/4FA0E939CCB52BC965256940004D0D71?OpenDocument |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214150943/https://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/4FA0E939CCB52BC965256940004D0D71?OpenDocument |archive-date=2008-02-14 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor
|R. Sarathkumar
|}

== Remakes ==
''Surya Vamsam'' was remade into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Suryavamsam (1998 film)|Suryavamsam]]'' (1998),<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2012 |title=A victorious innings |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/288204/a-victorious-innings.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170000/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/288204/a-victorious-innings.html |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Sooryavansham]]'' (1999),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Gaurang |date=21 May 2018 |title=19 years of Sooryavansham: Did you know Rekha dubbed for the lead actress of Amitabh Bachchan's cult classic? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/19-years-of-sooryavansham-did-you-know-rekha-dubbed-for-the-hindi-version-of-amitabh-bachchans-cult-classic/230342 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104125936/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/19-years-of-sooryavansham-did-you-know-rekha-dubbed-for-the-hindi-version-of-amitabh-bachchans-cult-classic/230342 |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref> in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Suryavamsha (film)|Suryavamsha]]'' (1999)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-15 |title=This Day 21 Years Back:Shooting for Sahasa Simha Vishnuvardhan-starrer 'Surya Vamsha' began in the year 1999 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-21-years-backshooting-for-sahasa-simha-vishnuvardhan-starrer-surya-vamsha-began-in-the-year-1999/articleshow/76385289.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230710070946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-21-years-backshooting-for-sahasa-simha-vishnuvardhan-starrer-surya-vamsha-began-in-the-year-1999/articleshow/76385289.cms |archive-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> and in [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] as ''[[Dulha Milal Dildar]]'' (2005).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghatnekar |first=Aniket |date=2025-07-17 |title=Happy 56th Birthday To Ravi Kishan: Profiling His Must-Watch Bhojpuri Films |url=https://www.digitalstudioindia.com/production/cinema/ravi-kishan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205101409/https://www.digitalstudioindia.com/production/cinema/ravi-kishan |archive-date=5 December 2025 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Digital Studio India |language=en}}</ref>

== Potential sequel ==
In 2022, Sarathkumar announced a sequel to the project, titled ''Surya Vamsam 2''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2022 |title=Sarathkumar confirms Suryavamsam 2 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/sep/28/sarathkumar-confirms-suryavamsam-2-35116.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731103345/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/sep/28/sarathkumar-confirms-suryavamsam-2-35116.html |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> In 2023, he reiterated that the project was still in development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Sarathkumar's Surya Vamsam to get a sequel 26 years after release |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sarathkumar-surya-vamsam-sequel-26-years-after-release-actor-thanks-fans-8690140/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731104847/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/sarathkumar-surya-vamsam-sequel-26-years-after-release-actor-thanks-fans-8690140/ |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Sarath Kumar pens a thank you note on 26 years of 'Suryavamsam'; confirms sequel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sarath-kumar-pens-a-thank-you-note-on-26-years-of-suryavamsam-confirms-sequel/article67019718.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731103345/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sarath-kumar-pens-a-thank-you-note-on-26-years-of-suryavamsam-confirms-sequel/article67019718.ece |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1977–2010 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Vikraman}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestActress}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1997 drama films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana

2026-03-07T15:38:49Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Added first entry w/ sources

{{Short description|Sanskrit stone inscripton}}
{{Infobox artefact
| name = Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana
| image = [[File:Mandasor stone inscription of Yashodharman Vishuvardhana.jpg|300px]]
| image_caption = Mandasor stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishuvardhana. [http://siddham.uk/inscription/in00097 Actual photograph].
| material = Stone
| size =
| writing =
| created = c. 532 CE
| discovered =
| location =
| id =
| registration =
| map =
{{Location map+
|India
|float = center
|width = 300
|caption = Location of the epigraphic inscription of Mandsaur.
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |India |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Mandasor]]|position=right |label_size=80}}
}}
}}
The '''Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana''', is a [[Sanskrit]] inscription in the [[Gupta script]] dated to about 532 CE, on a slate stone measuring about 2 feet broad, 1.5 feet high and 2.5 inches thick found in the [[Malwa]] region of India, now a large part of the southwestern [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="Fleet"/> On the back are engraved a sign of sun and moon, as well as two horsemen.<ref name="Fleet"/> The inscription opens with the sign for ''[[Om|siddham]]'', is entirely in verse of various meters, and is signed at the end with the name of the engraver. The script says Fleet belongs to the "northern class of alphabet", and opens with invocations to Hindu god [[Shiva]].<ref name="Fleet"/>

==Location==
The inscription was discovered accidentally during repairs of an unknown water well, where the inscription was on concealed side of a block in its wall. It had already been removed from the well when first witnessed by Fleet, but Fleet was unable to determine which and he guessed that it may be the original well may be the ancient one located just inside of the eastern entrance of modern [[Mandsaur Fort]].<ref name="Fleet"/>

==Description==
The inscription records the construction of a well by a person named Daksha in Dashapura (modern [[Mandsaur]], also often spelled [[Mandasor]] and referred to as Dasor). It mentions the rule of [[Yashodharman]]. The builder of the well, named Daksha, is described as the younger brother of Dharmadosha, himself a minister of Yashodharman. Daksha built the well in honor of his deceased uncle Abhayadatta, also minister of Yashodharman, in charge of the tract of country between the [[Vindhyas]] and the [[Pariyatra]] mountain and the "Western Ocean". According to the inscription, Daksha was the grandson of a Brahmin Ravikirtti, whose wife was named Bhanugupta, a Kshatriya. This, states Fleet, means that during this period Brahmin and Kshatriya were intermarrying, something seen in other inscriptions such as the Ghatotkacha cave inscription.<ref name="Fleet"/><ref>The Gupta Empire by Radhakumud Mookerji [https://books.google.com/books?id=uYXDB2gIYbwC&pg=PA121 p.121]</ref>

The inscription mentions the victories of local ruler [[Yasodharman]] over Northern and Eastern kingdoms, with "peaceful overtures and by war". These kingdoms are not further specified.<ref name="Davidson">Indian Esoteric Buddhism: Social History of the Tantric Movement by Ronald M. Davidson [https://books.google.com/books?id=n_VquVQvnBwC&pg=PA31 p.31]</ref>

===Fleet's translation of the inscription===
The inscription was translated by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in ''Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas'' in 1888 (line numbers and paragraph titles are part of the original text):<ref name="Fleet">Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888 [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.358795/2015.358795.Corpus-Inscriptionum#page/n369/mode/2up Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana], pages 150-155, {{PD-notice}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|
(Line 1.) "Perfection has been attained! Victorious is he, (the god) [[Pinakin]], the lord of [all] the worlds,— in whose songs, hummed with smiles, the splendor of (his) teeth, like the lustre of lightning sparkling in the night, envelops and brings into full view all this Universe! May he, (the god) Sambhu, confer many auspicious gifts upon you,— employed by whom in the rites of {effecting the} continuance and the destruction and the production of {all} things that exist, (the god) [[Svayambhu]], is obedient to (his) commands, for the sake of the maintenance of (all) the worlds; and by whom, leading (him) to dignity in the world, he has been brought to the condition of being the father (of the universe )! May the serpent of the creator of existence accomplish the allayment of your distress,— (that serpent) the multitude of whose foreheads, bowed down afar by the pressure of the heavy weight of the jewels in (their) hoods, obscures the radiance of the moon (on his master's forehead); (and) who (with the folds of his body) binds securely on [his master’s] head the chaplet of bones which is full of holes (for stringing them)! May the creator of waters, which was dug out by the sixty thousand sons of [[King Sagara|Sagara]], (and) which possesses a lustre equal to (that of) the sky, preserve for a long time the glories of this best of wells!

[[File:Sri Yashodharman.jpg|thumb|265px|The name [[File:Gupta allahabad shrii.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad y.svg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad sho.jpg|16px]][[File:Gupta allahabad dh.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta allahabad rmm.jpg|14px]] ''Śrī Ya-śo-dha-rmma'' ("Lord [[Yashodharman]]") in [[Gupta script]] in Line 4 of the Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana.<ref name="EG">{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=John Faithfull |title=Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors |date=1960 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254/page/n151 150]-158 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254}}</ref>]]
{{Location map+
|India
|float = right
|width = 240
|caption = The 532 AD Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana mentions victorious campaigns against northern kings (probably referring to the victory against the [[Alchon Huns]] at [[Sondani]]), and against "mighty kings of the east", including a campaign across the [[Vindhya Range]].
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |India |lat=25|N |long=81|E |label=Campaign through the [[Vindhya range]]|position=right |label_size=70|mark=Arrow-060(000).svg|marksize=25 }}
{{location map~ |India |lat=24.07|N |long=75.08|E |label=[[Sondani inscription|Sondani]]|position=bottom |label_size=70|mark=Red Star.gif|marksize=20}}
}}
(Line 4.)— Now, victorious is that tribal ruler, having the name of the glorious [[Yashodharman]], who, having plunged into the army of (his) enemies, as if into a grove of [[Crataegus|thornapple-trees]], (and) having bent down the reputation of heroes like the tender creepers of trees, effects the adornment of (his) body with the fragments of young sprouts which are the wounds (inflicted on him).

(L. 5.)— And, again, victorious over the earth is this same king of men, the glorious Vishnuvardhana, the conqueror in war; by whom his own famous lineage, which has the [[Aulikara]]-crest, has been brought to a state of dignity that is ever higher and higher. By him, having brought into subjection, with peaceful overtures and by war, the mighty kings of the east and many (kings) of the north, this second name of "Supreme King of Kings and Supreme Lord", pleasing in the world (but) difficult of attainment, is carried on high.

Through him, having conquered the earth with (his own) arm, many countries, — in which the sun is obscured by the smoke, resembling dense dark-blue clouds, of the oblations of the sacrifices; (and) which abound with thick and-thriving crops through (the god) [[Maghavan]] pouring cloudfuls of rain upon (their) boundaries; (and) in which the ends of the fresh sprouts of the mango-trees in the parks are eagerly plucked in joy by the hands of wanton women,— enjoy the happiness of being possessed of a good king.

Through the dust, grey like the hide of an ass,— stirred up by his armies, which have (their) banners lifted on high; (and) which have the [[Symplocos racemosa|lodhra-trees]] tossed about in all directions by the tusks of (their) infuriated elephants; (and) which have the crevices of the [[Vindhya]] mountains made resonant with the noise of (their) journeying through the forests, — the orb of the sun appears dark (and) dull-rayed, as if it were an eye in a [[peacock]]'s tail reversed.

(L. 9.) — The servant of the kings who founded the family of that lord, was [[Shashthidatta]],— the fame of whose religious merit was known far and wide through the protection of their feet; who by his resoluteness conquered the six enemies (of religion) (and) who was indeed very excellent. As the torrent, flowing high and low, of (the river) [[Ganga]] (spreads abroad) from (the mountain) Himavat, (and) the extensive mass of the waters of (the river) [[Narmada River|Reva]] from the moon,— (so) from him, whose dignity was manifested, there spreads a pure race of Naigamas most worthy to be sought in fellowship.

(L. 11.)— Of him, from a wife of good family, there was born a son, resembling him (in good qualities), the source of fame,— whom, being named Varahadasa, (and)
being full of self-control (and) of great worth, people speak of as if he were an (incarnate) portion of (the god) [[Hari]].

(L. 12.)— As if it were the sun (illumining) the mighty summit of a mountain, Ravikirtti with the wealth of his character illumined that family, which was made eminent by men who combined good actions with worldly occupations; which had its foundations well established in the earth; (and) which maintained a very firm position of endurance that was free from (any risk of) being broken (Ravikirtti), by whom, sustaining the pure (and) undeviating path of traditional law that is acceptable to good people, nobility of birth was not made a thing of false assertion (even) in the [[Kali]] age. From him, (his) chaste wife Bhanugupta gave birth to three sons, who dispelled the darkness (of ignorance) with the rays of (their) intellects,— as if (she had produced three) sacrifices from a fire.

[[File:Word for Prakrit Praakritee in the Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana 532 CE.jpg|thumb|{{center|Word for "[[Prakrit]]" (here ''Prā-kṛ-te'') in [[Gupta script]] in the inscription.<ref name="JFF">{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=John Faithfull |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3 (1970)ac 4616 |date=1907 |page=153, Line 14 of the inscription|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.358795/2015.358795.Corpus-Inscriptionum#page/n373/mode/2up}}</ref>}}]]
[[File:Word for Sanskrit Samskrita in the Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana 532 CE.jpg|thumb|{{center|An early use of the word for "[[Sanskrit]]" in [[Gupta script]]:[[File:Gupta ashoka sam.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta ashoka skrr.jpg|17px]][[File:Gupta ashoka t.svg|14px]] ''Saṃ-skṛ-ta''<ref name="JFF"/>}}]]
(L. 13-14)— The first was Bhagavaddosha, the prop of his relatives in the paths of religious actions, just as Uddhava (was) of the Andhakas,-— who was a very Vedhas in displaying much prudence in the hard-to-be-traversed path of the meaning (of words ); who, like Vidura, always looked far ahead with deliberation; (and) who is with great pleasure sung by the poets, in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Prakrit]] construction of the arrangement of sentences, as well as well-versed in speech.

(L. 15.)— And after him there came that (well-known) Abhayadatta, maintaining a high position on the earth, (and) collecting (in order to dispel it) the fear of (his) subjects (?) Before the eye of intellect, which served him like the eyes of a spy, no trifle, however remained undetected, (even) at night.-— (Abhayadatta), of fruitful actions, who like (Bubaspati) the preceptor of the gods, to the advantage of those who belonged to the (four recognised) [[castes]], with the functions of a Rajasthaniya (viceroy) protected the region, containing many countries presided over by his own uprights counselors, which lies between the [[Vindhya]] (mountains), from the slopes of the summits of which there flows the pale mass of the waters of (the river) [[Narmada River|Reva]], and the mountain [[Pariyatra]], on which the trees are bent down in (they) frolicsome leaps by the long-tailed monkeys, (and stretches) up to the (western) Ocean.

(L. 17.)- Now he, Dharmadosha, the son of Doshakumbha, by whom this kingdom has been made as if (it were still) in 'the [[Krita]]-age, free from any intermixture of all the castes, (and peaceable through) having hostilities allayed, (and) undisturbed by care, in accordance with justice proudly supports the burden (of government) that had previously been borne by him (Dharmadosha), who,— not being too eager about his own comfort, (and) bearing, for the sake of his lord, in the difficult path (of administration), the burden (of government), very heavily weighted and not shared by another, wears royal apparel only as mark of distinction (and not for his own pleasure), just as a bull carries a wrinkled pendulous dew-lap.

(L. 19.) His young brother Daksha, invested with the decoration of the protection of friends, as if he were (his) broad-shouldered (right) arm (decorated) with choice jewels; (and) bearing the name of the faultless one which causes great joy to the ear and heart,— caused to be excavated this great well. This great (and) skillful work was achieved here by him, who is of great intellect, for the sake of his paternal uncle, the beloved Abhayadatta, who was cut off (before his time) by the mighty god [[Kritanta]] just as if he were a tree, the shade of which is pleasant to resort to (and) which yields fruits that are salutary and sweet through ripeness, (wantonly) destroyed by a lordly elephant.

(L. 21.)— Five hundred autumns, together with ninety less by one, having elapsed from (the establishment of) the supremacy of the tribal constitution of the [[Malavas]] (and) being written down in order to determine the (present) time,— in the season in which the songs, resembling the arrows of (the god) [[Smara]], of the [[cuckoo]]s, whose utterances are low and tender, cleave open, as it were, the minds of those who are far away from home; and in which the humming of the flights of bees sounding low on account of the burden (that they carry), is heard through the woods, like the resounding bow of (the god [[Kamadeva]]) who has the banner of flowers, when its string is caused to vibrate in the season in which there is the month of the coming on of flowers, when the wind, soothing the affectionate (but) perverted thoughts of disdainful women who are angry with their lovers, as if they were charming fresh sprouts arrayed in colors, devotes itself to breaking down (their) pride,— in that season this (well) was caused to be constructed.

(L. 24.) — As long as the ocean, embracing with (its) lofty waves, as if with long arms, the orb of the moon, which has its full assemblage of rays (and is more) lovely (than ever) from contact (with the water), maintains friendship (with it),—so long let this excellent well endure, possessing a surrounding enclosure of lines at the edge of the masonry-work, as if it were a garland worn round a shaven head, (and) discharging pure waters the flavor of which is equal to nectar!

(L. 25.)— May this intelligent [[Daksha]] for a long time protect this act of piety, (he who is) skillful, true to (his) promises, modest, brave, attentive to old people, grateful, full of energy, unwearied in the business-matters of (his) lord, (and) faultless. I (This eulogy) has been engraved by Govinda."

|Translator: John Fleet, Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana<ref name="Fleet"/>}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Gupta and post-Gupta inscriptions]]
[[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions in India]]
[[Category:6th-century inscriptions]]

1921 (1988 film)

2026-03-03T20:51:11Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: brief refined content per sources and fixed typos

{{short description|1988 Indian Malayalam-language war film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 1921 (1988 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]]
| producer = Muhammed Mannil
| writer = [[T. Damodaran]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] [[Suresh Gopi]] [[T. G. Ravi]] [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
| cinematography = V. Jayaram
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| studio = Mannil Films
| distributor = Mannil Films
| released = {{Film date|1988|8|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR|1.2 crore|link=yes}}<ref name=":1" />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|2 crore}}<ref name=":1" />
}}'''''1921''''' (read as ''Ayirathi Thollayirathi Irupathi Onnu'') is a 1988 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[war drama film]] written by [[T. Damodaran]] and directed by [[I. V. Sasi]]. The film has an ensemble cast including [[Mammootty]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[T. G. Ravi]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 (1988) |url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622155601/https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2057|archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Malayala Chalachithram |publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nineteen Twenty One |url=http://spicyonion.com/title/nineteen-twenty-one-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024164648/http://spicyonion.com/title/nineteen-twenty-one-malayalam-movie/|archive-date=24 October 2014 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Spicy Onion }}</ref> Set during the [[Malabar rebellion|1921–22 Mappila Uprising]] in [[Madras Presidency]], it tells the fictional story of Khader, a [[World War I]] veteran, who joins with the Mappila rebels during the Uprising.<ref>{{cite web |title=1921 (1988) |url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?215|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622160219/https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?215|archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=24 October 2014 |website=Malayala Sangeetham }}</ref>

Made with a budget of Rs. 12.0 million, ''1921'' was then, the most expensive film in [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=Mathrubhumi|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sridhar |date=31 December 1988 |title=Celluloid Sultans of Kerala |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19881231-mammootty-and-mohan-lal-emerge-as-unprecedented-superstars-of-malayalam-films-798061-1988-12-31|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622161311/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19881231-mammootty-and-mohan-lal-emerge-as-unprecedented-superstars-of-malayalam-films-798061-1988-12-31|archive-date=22 June 2020}}</ref> The film was released in Kerala on 19 August 1988 during [[Onam]] festival.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=28 March 2012 |title=T Damodaran cremated with state honours |work=Mathrubhumi|publication-place=Kozhikode |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128072755/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=28 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 April 2010 |title=Mammootty – IV Sasi – Damodaran together again |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013164733/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> The film won [[Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=List of Malayalam Films (1988) |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1988.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002193713/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1988.htm|archive-date=2 October 2008 |access-date=27 July 2009 |website=Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/movie-project-on-1921-malabar-rebellion-hero-sparks-row/1875105|title=Movie project on 1921 Malabar rebellion hero sparks row|website=outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film focuses on Mappila bullock cart driver Khader, a retired [[corporal]] and [[World War 1]] veteran, and Unni Krishnan, a hardline nationalist revolutionary from a family of [[upper-caste]] Hindu Nair landlords. Both men join the brigade of [[Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji]], one of the prominent leaders of the 1921 [[Malabar rebellion]].

The plot gradually introduces a variety of characters, representing the South [[Malabars|Malabar]] society of the 1920s. The film also touches various social dilemmas which led to the 1921 Uprising, the atrocities committed by the [[British Indian army]] and the [[rebel groups|rebels]] during the events and the eventual collapse of the rebel unity and organization.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Mammootty]] as retd.[[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] Khader, a former soldier and World War 1 veteran
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as [[Ali Musliyar]]
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as Unnikrishnan Nair
* [[T. G. Ravi]] as [[Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji]]
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Radha Varma
* [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Thulasi
* [[M.G. Soman|M. G. Soman]] as Shekhara Varma (Captain, discharged)
* [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Haidru or Haidrose
* [[Ratheesh|Ratheesh Rajagopal]] as Lavakkutti
* [[Bahadoor]] as Kattilasseri Muhammad Musliyar
* [[Kollam Ajith]] as Kunjalavi
* [[Tom Alter]] as R. H. Hitchcock Sahib (District Superintendent)
* [[K.P. Ummer|K. P. Ummer]] as Amu Sahib (Deputy Superintendent)
* [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Kandan Kutti/Muhammad
* [[Balan K. Nair]] as Beeran
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Appunni Nair
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Lakshmi
* [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]] as Aasiya
* [[Jagannatha Varma]] as Kunjikuttan Thamburan
* Santhosh as Keshavankutty
* [[Bheeman Raghu]] as Abdulla Kutti
* [[Lalithasree]] as Maheswari
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Police Inspector Narayana Menon
* [[Bahadoor]] as Mohammed Musliyar
* [[Jose (actor)|Jose]] as Gopy
* [[Mohan Jose]] as Hakkim
* [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Kunjithangal
* [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]]
* [[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]] as Ahammed
* [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]
* [[Valsala Menon]]
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Ananthan Potti
* [[M. S. Thripunithura]] as Harinarayanan
* [[C. I. Paul]] as Kunjikkoya Thangal
* [[Kuthiravattam Pappu]] as Shivankutty
* [[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]] as Khan Bahudoor Chekkotty Sahib
* [[Sabitha Anand]] as Ammukutty
* [[Santha Devi]] as Beevathu
* [[Ravi Menon]] as Chinnanunni
* [[Shivaji]] as Ravunni Menon
}}

== Production ==
[[File:IV Sasi 62nd Filmfare Awards South.jpg|upright|thumb|Director I. V. Sasi]]

=== Development ===
The screenplay was written by physical education teacher-turned-scriptwriter [[T. Damodaran]]. Damodaran had particular focus on writing political dramas, and had collaborated with Sasi in several successful films previously.<ref>P. K. Ajith Kumar. "Malayalam scriptwriter Damodaran dead". [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece] ''The Hindu'' 28 March 2012 [https://archive.today/20181013164848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-scriptwriter-damodaran-dead/article3253792.ece]</ref> The film was produced by Muhammed Mannil. Peter Narakkal was the Production Executive. The film's budget was {{INRConvert|12|m}}.<ref name=":0">1921. Directed by I. V. Sasi, Mannil Films, 1988. ''YouTube,'' uploaded by Saina Movies, 28 March 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnrHrjp01bA.</ref><ref name=":1" /> T. Damodaran called the film his "dream project".<ref name=":2" /> [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]] was approached by Sasi for a role, but due to date clashes she could not sign the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2017 |title=Remembering the legend |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/251017/remembering-the-legend.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013165035/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/music/251017/remembering-the-legend.html|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref> T. Damodaran in an interview with ''[[India Today]]'' in 1988 said that: "A few years back history could have been told as it was in Malayalam cinema but today I have to weave an actual incident in masala form with a larger than life character for the sake of Mammootty."<ref name=":1" />

=== Crew ===
Anil worked as the associate director for the film. [[Jomon (director)|Jomon]], M. A. Venugopal and [[Shajoon Kariyal]] were the assistant directors while M. Sankar oversaw "Action", K. Narayanan was the editor, V. Jayaram was the cinematographer. Sasi "T. V." Mohan was the Production Designer while I. V. Satheesh Babu was the Art director. The set was done by B. R. Rangan and Narayanan. M. O. Devasia did the Makeup, M. M. Kumar was the costumer. Recording and re-recording were carried out by Selvaraj. G. Rajan.<ref name=":0" />

== Release ==
The film was publicised by "Gayathri" and was distributed by Mannil Films.<ref name=":0" />

=== Critical response ===
"The top dream merchants of the industry see to it that the characters are created according to the diktats of these superstars [<nowiki/>[[Mammootty]] and [[Mohanlal]]]...even history has been tinged with an overdose of fantasy to suit the image of Mammootty [in the film ''1921'']," film critic Sreedhar Pillai wrote in ''India Today''.<ref name=":1" />

"''1921'' was shot on a wide canvas with hundreds of actors and required to be dealt with sensitively considering the communal passions that the event evinces in Malabar", wrote the ''Times of India'' in 2017.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Kattakayam |first=Jiby J. |date=25 October 2017 |title=How Kerala will remember IV Sasi's films |work=Times of India |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622161556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jibber-jabber/how-will-kerala-remember-iv-sasis-malayalam-films/|archive-date=22 June 2020}}</ref> In a 2017 ''[[The Times of India]]'' article, it was written that ''1921'' "perhaps, remain his [Sasi's] best cinematic work".<ref name=":4" />

"It [the film] deals with a contentious chapter of our [Indian] Independence struggle, but does it in grand style and high drama. It is also one film that does justice to history. Its representation of the region [South Malabar], the milieu and the historic incident [1921 Uprising] became all the more politically relevant and socially resonant in the next decades [1990s and 2000s] when the [Malayalam] movie images of minorities [Muslims] became biased and parochial.", wrote C. S. Venkiteswaran in ''[[The Hindu]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=26 October 2017 |title=The End of an Epoch |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181013165144/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/i-v-sasi-has-been-a-trendsetter-in-the-film-industry/article19924652.ece#selection-2639.1-2639.20|archive-date=13 October 2018}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film was a commercial success<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2012|title=Scriptwriter T Damodaran passes away|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com:80/english/story.php?id=121947|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230321/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=121947|archive-date=30 March 2012|access-date=26 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mammootty - IV Sasi - Damodaran together again|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207043818/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/apr/23/mammootty---iv-sasi---damodaran-together-again-149665.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 December 2017|date=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=C S Venkiteswaran|title=Trendsetting titan|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trendsetting-titan/article9947168.ece/|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 November 2017|language=en-IN|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205647/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trendsetting-titan/article9947168.ece/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> and collected over ₹ 2 crore from the box office and emerged one of the top grossers of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/jun/22/aashiq-prithvi-teams-variamkunnan-caught-in-historic-muddle-2159989.html|title=Aashiq-Prithvi team's 'Variamkunnan' caught in 'historic' muddle|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=22 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IV Sasi: Remembering the director who gave us superstars Mammootty and Mohanlal|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iv-sasi-remembering-director-who-gave-us-superstars-mammootty-and-mohanlal-70700?amp|website=[[The News Minute]]|author=CV Aravind|date=28 October 2017|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205505/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/iv-sasi-remembering-director-who-gave-us-superstars-mammootty-and-mohanlal-70700?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the film was not very profitable for the producers of the film due to its high production costs.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/movie-news/1921-malabar-rebellion-once-again-set-to-stir-malayalam-cinema-1.4853129|title=1921 Malabar rebellion once again set to stir Malayalam cinema|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=23 June 2020}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
The film won:

* [[Kerala State Film Award]] for [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Popular Film|Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value]] in 1988.<ref name=":3" />
*The film received [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Malayalam]] won by Mohammad Mannil (1988)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5ZZAAAAMAAJ&q=malayalam+1921|title = Vidura|year = 1989}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]. The lyrics of the songs in the film were adapted from folklore Malayalam poems by poets such as [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]] (19th century). Independent India's "national song" ''[[Vande Mataram]]'', written by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] poet [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] (1838–1894), is also featured in the film with vocals by [[K. S. Chithra]]. Other "playback singers" are Naushad and [[Vilayil Faseela]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song || Playback singer || Lyrics
|-
| ''"Manathu Maaran"''
| Noushad
| [[Moyinkutty Vaidyar]]
|-
| ''"Dheerasameere Yamunatheere"''
| [[K. S. Chithra]]
| traditional poem
|-
| ''"Muthunava Rathnamukham"''
| Noushad
| Moyinkutty Vaidyar
|-
| ''"Firdausil Adukkumpol"''
| Noushad and [[Vilayil Fazila]]
| P. Abdul Khader
|-
| ''"[[Vande Mataram]]"'' (Sanskrit)
| K. S. Chithra
| [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{I. V. Sasi}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam}}

[[Category:1980s historical drama films]]
[[Category:1988 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1980s war drama films]]
[[Category:1988 drama films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1988 war films]]
[[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1920s]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thalassery]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by T. Damodaran]]
[[Category:History of India on film]]
[[Category:History of Kerala on film]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian war drama films]]

13th Tamil Nadu Assembly

2026-03-01T18:28:52Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: further expanded structure for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|Legislature of Tamil Nadu, 2006–2011}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}

{{Infobox legislative term
| name = Thirteenth Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu
| image = TamilNadu Logo.svg
| body = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| meeting_place = [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]], [[Chennai]]
| election = [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| opposition = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2006|05|13|df=y}}
| term_end = {{End date|2011|05|15|df=y}}
| before = [[12th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
| after = [[14th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
| website = [http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/ Official website]
| chamber1 =
| chamber1_image =
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 = 235
| control1 = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[R. Avudaiyappan]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = Deputy Speaker
| chamber1_leader2 = [[V. P. Duraisamy]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| chamber1_leader4_type = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| chamber1_leader4 = [[M.K. Stalin]] (2009 -2011)
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| session1_start =
| session1_end =
}}
'''Thirteenth Assembly''' of [[Tamil Nadu]] was instituted after the victory of [[Democratic Progressive Alliance|DMK and allies]], in the [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006 state assembly election]]. [[M. Karunanidhi]] became the 14th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election.

== Overview ==
Source: Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly website<ref name="assembly.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/ |title=Home |website=assembly.tn.gov.in}}</ref>
{| width="65%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Department
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
|----
|Speaker
|[[R. Avudaiappan]]
|----
|Deputy Speaker
|[[V. P. Duraisamy]]
|----
|Leader of the House
|[[K. Anbazhagan]]
|----
|Leader of Opposition
|[[J.Jayalalithaa]]
|}
== Chief Minister ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Chief Minister
!
!Took office
!Left office
!Term
|-
|[[M. Karunanidhi]]
|[[File:M. Karunanidhi .jpg|85px]]
|13 May 2006
|15 May 2011
|{{Age in days|13 May 2006|15 May 2011}} days
|}

== Council of Ministers ==
Source: Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly website<ref name="assembly.tn.gov.in"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Department
! Minister
|----
|Chief Minister
|[[M. Karunanidhi]]
|----
|Deputy Chief Minister
|[[M. K. Stalin]]
|----
|Finance
|[[K. Anbazhagan]]
|----
|Electricity
|[[Arcot N. Veeraswami]]
|----
|Cooperation, Statistics and Ex-Servicemen
|[[Ko. Si. Mani]]
|----
|Agriculture
|[[Veerapandi S Arumugam|Veerapandi S. Arumugam]]
|----
|Public works and Law
|[[Durai Murugan]]
|----
|Higher Education
|[[K. Ponmudy]]
|----
|Transport
|[[K. N. Nehru]]
|----
|Health
|[[M. R. K. Panneerselvam|M. R. K. Paneerselvam]]
|----
|Rural Industries and Animal Husbandry
|[[Pongalur N. Palanisamy]]
|----
|Revenue and Housing
|[[I. Periyasamy|I. Periasami]]
|----
|Tourism and Registration
|[[Suresh Rajan|N. Suresh Rajan]]
|----
|Information
|[[Parithi Ilamvazhuthi]]
|----
|Food
|[[E. V. Velu]]
|----
|[[Slum clearance in India|slum clearance]] and Accommodation
|[[Suba Thangavelan]]
|----
|Backward Classes
|[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]]
|----
|Labour
|[[T. M. Anbarasan]]
|----
|Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
|[[K. R. Periyakaruppan]]
|----
|School Education
|[[Thangam Thenarasu|Thangam Thennarasu]]
|----
|Commercial Taxes
|[[S. N. M Ubayadullah]]
|----
|Environment
|[[T. P. M. Mohideen Khan]]
|----
|Forests
|[[N. Selvaraj]]
|----
|Highways
|[[M. P. Saminathan|Vellakoil Saminathan]]
|----
|Information Technology
|[[Poongothai Aladi Aruna]]
|----
|Social Welfare
|[[Geetha Jeevan]]
|----
|Adi-Dravidar welfare
|[[Tamilarasi]]
|----
|Fisheries
|[[K. P. P. Samy]]
|----
|Dairy Development
|[[U. Mathivanan]]
|----
|Khadi
|[[K. Ramachandran]]
|----
|}

==See also==
*[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011| ]]
[[Category:Terms of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]

Anand Pal Singh

2026-02-25T04:44:00Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: starting basic biography v1!

{{short description|Indian convicted gangster (2005-2017)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox criminal
| birth_name =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1975|05|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sanvrad]], [[Nagaur]], [[Rajasthan]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|06|24|1975|05|31|df=yes}}
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| alma_mater =
| conviction_status =
| spouse = Raj Kanwar [1992–2017(till his death)]
| children = 2
| parents =
| relatives =
| motive =
| conviction =
| reward_amount = ₹10 [[lakh]]
| image_name = AnandpalSinghImage.jpg
| image_caption = Anandpal Singh at center
| cause = Shot during a police encounter
| charge = [[Murder]], and [[extortion]]
| conviction_penalty =
}}

'''Anand Pal Singh''' (31 May 1975 – 24 June 2017) was an Indian [[gangster]] mainly active in the cities of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mehta|first1=Ashish|title=koClose aides of Anand Pal Singh arrested|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Close-aides-of-Anand-Pal-Singh-arrested/articleshow/53582789.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 August 2016|access-date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104224103/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Close-aides-of-Anand-Pal-Singh-arrested/articleshow/53582789.cms|archive-date=4 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was a [[Most wanted list|most-wanted]] gangster with a reward of ₹10 [[lakh]] on his head. He was accused of multiple murders as well as extortion.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/rajasthan/jaipur-anandpal-encounter-of-cbi-probes-the-government-16322971.html|title=Anandpal Encounter of CBI probes the government|work=jagran|access-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711110359/http://www.jagran.com/rajasthan/jaipur-anandpal-encounter-of-cbi-probes-the-government-16322971.html|archive-date=11 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6" />

His alleged encounter resulted in protests across Rajasthan. His community, family, and lawyers alleged that he wanted to surrender, but the police either killed him after his surrender or forced an encounter instead of letting him surrender, resulting in protest by demanding [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] investigation.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/anandpal-encounter-karni-sena-demands-cbi-probe-by-july-12/|title=Anandpal encounter: Karni Sena demands CBI probe by July 12|date=9 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709171440/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/anandpal-encounter-karni-sena-demands-cbi-probe-by-july-12/|archive-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-s-family-seeks-cbi-probe-native-village-protests-killing/story-Wbj9A1QaShdfr6zPZeaYEN.html|title=Anandpal's family seeks CBI probe; native village protests killing|date=25 June 2017|access-date=25 June 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625183140/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-s-family-seeks-cbi-probe-native-village-protests-killing/story-Wbj9A1QaShdfr6zPZeaYEN.html|archive-date=25 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Singh was born in [[Sanvrad]] in [[Rajasthan]] in a [[Rajput]] family to father Hukam Singh Chouhan and mother Nirmal Kanwar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-13|title=Who is Anandpal Singh and why Rajputs in Rajasthan erupted in anger at his killing?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-anandpal-singh-and-why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-erupted-in-anger-at-his-killing/story-YPpyFhIUSPzE3XEtMBsYGJ.html|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

After his marriage he earned a [[Bachelor of Education]] (BEd) degree<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-JAI-HMU-anandpal-singh-the-gangster-whose-name-struck-terror-in-shekhawati-5631577-NOR.html|title=शादी में घोड़ी पर नहीं चढ़ने दिया गया था, ऐसे निकली थी इस गैंगस्टर की बरात|date=26 June 2017|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> and started a [[cement]] business.

== Career ==
After Anandpal got married in 1992 he wanted to become a government servant and later started his cement agency business and a milk dairy.<ref name="Salik_HT">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-are-uniting-over-gangster-anandpal-s-encounter-killing/story-Tq14igKDQ7PgPbTF1ldVrL.html |title=Why Rajputs in Rajasthan have erupted in anger over gangster Anandpal's encounter killing |author=Salik Ahmed |date=13 July 2017 |newspaper=HindustanTimes |access-date=14 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714120356/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-are-uniting-over-gangster-anandpal-s-encounter-killing/story-Tq14igKDQ7PgPbTF1ldVrL.html |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Later, he became a gangster. He was influenced by [[Dawood Ibrahim]].<ref name="j540">{{cite web | last=India | first=NDTV | title=Anandpal Singh: Dawood को फॉलो करने वाला 'Graduate Gangster' | website=NDTV India | date=2025-05-31 | url=https://ndtv.in/videos/anandpal-singh-the-graduate-gangster-who-followed-dawood-inter-state-gangster-ndtv-india-946706 | language=qu | access-date=2026-02-25}}</ref><ref name="x571">{{cite web | title=जेल में VIP ट्रीटमेंट मिलता था इस गैंगस्टर को, पढ़ता था दाउद पर लिखी किताब | website=Dainik Bhaskar | date=2016-03-27 | url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news-ht/raj-jai-hmu-anand-pal-singh-like-to-read-book-on-dawood-ibrahim-5284850-pho.html | language=hi | access-date=2026-02-25}}</ref>

=== Political ambitions ===
Anandpal's political ambitions began to take shape in 1999–2000 when he fought the election for Panchayat Samiti member of Sanvrad village. He won and later fought the election of Pradhan of [[Ladnu]] Panchayat Samiti. He was defeated by a margin of two votes by Jagnath Burdak, the son of former cabinet minister [[Harji Ram Burdak|Harajiram Burdak]].

In November 2000, the election for [[Ladnu]] Panchayat Samiti committees took place. Singh and a senior Congress leader at that time came in direct conflict. A police case was lodged against Singh for disrupting government work when he did not let a contender file nomination papers. Supporters of Singh alleged that this happened under pressure from senior police officers and politicians. He was indicted for threatening, extortion and violence to make the case non-bailable.

=== Love for guns ===
Anandpal was fond of [[AK-47]] rifles.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Two-notorious-fugitives-arrested-AK-47-rifles-seized/articleshow/17236200.cms|title=Two notorious fugitives arrested; AK-47, rifles seized – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222074853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Two-notorious-fugitives-arrested-AK-47-rifles-seized/articleshow/17236200.cms|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> When he was arrested at a farm house near [[Jaipur]] in 2012, he was found in possession of an AK-47, [[Bulletproof vest|bullet-proof vests]] and bullets.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gangster-anand-pal-singh-a-man-who-is-making-news-even-after-his-death/742325/|title=Gangster Anand Pal Singh: A man who is making news even after his death|date=30 June 2017|work=The Financial Express|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720233623/http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gangster-anand-pal-singh-a-man-who-is-making-news-even-after-his-death/742325/|archive-date=20 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He allegedly used an AK-47 to fire on policemen at this encounter.

A number of his underworld acts involved Anuradha Chaudhary, a mastermind in his gang.<ref name=":11">{{Citation|last=IndiaTV|title=Anuradha Chaudhary: Story of Real Life 'Revolver Rani'|date=4 April 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0yNL4_DiSw|accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/raj-sik-omc-lady-don-anuradha-choudhary-in-anandpal-case-5209817-pho.html|title=लेडी DON के नाम से फेमस है ये लड़की, किडनेपिंग करने में एक्सपर्ट|date=31 December 2015|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508173625/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/raj-sik-omc-lady-don-anuradha-choudhary-in-anandpal-case-5209817-pho.html|archive-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Shekhawati-region-turning-into-a-den-for-extortion-gangs/articleshow/47210024.cms|title=Shekhawati region turning into a den for extortion gangs – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029201411/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Shekhawati-region-turning-into-a-den-for-extortion-gangs/articleshow/47210024.cms|archive-date=29 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-JAI-HMU-lady-don-anuradha-chuadhary-of-anandpal-gang-5630504-PHO.html|title=कभी बंदूक के साथ घूमती थी आनंदपाल गैंग की ये लेडी डॉन, अब है जेल में|date=25 June 2017|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

=== Escape from police custody ===
In 2012 he was imprisoned, but escaped on 3 September 2015 when he was traveling to [[Ajmer]] high security jail from a court hearing. Three masked people fired on the police van in Khokhar village near [[Parbatsar]], and Singh and two others escaped.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/rajasthan-gangster-escapes-after-attack-on-police-vehicle/|title=Rajasthan: Gangster escapes after attack on police vehicle|date=4 September 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 July 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116030659/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/rajasthan-gangster-escapes-after-attack-on-police-vehicle/|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/the-story-behind-bollywood-style-escape-of-dreaded-rajasthan-gangster-anandpal-261228-2015-09-04|title=The story behind Bollywood-style escape of dreaded Rajasthan gangster Anandpal|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628020456/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the-story-behind-bollywood-style-escape-of-dreaded-rajasthan-gangster-anandpal/1/465317.html|archive-date=28 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/rajasthan-gangsters-freed-from-police-clutches-after-aides-fired-at-police-van-1213954|title=राजस्थान : पुलिस वैन पर गोलियां चलाकर छुड़ा ले गए टॉप गैंगस्टर को|work=NDTVIndia|access-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116023231/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/rajasthan-gangsters-freed-from-police-clutches-after-aides-fired-at-police-van-1213954|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> This placed him in the top slot on the list of most wanted criminals in Rajasthan. He carried the highest cash reward Rajasthan police had ever offered Rs 10 lakh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-singh-the-gangster-whose-name-struck-terror-in-shekhawati/story-iZxeiIaQvotTxNwPZmT3UM.html|title=Anandpal Singh: The gangster whose name struck terror in Shekhawati|date=25 June 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=11 July 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709140741/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-singh-the-gangster-whose-name-struck-terror-in-shekhawati/story-iZxeiIaQvotTxNwPZmT3UM.html|archive-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/criminal-escapes-while-on-way-to-court-in-rajasthan-1213948|title=Shots Fired, Cops Drugged: Bollywood-Style Escape of Rajasthan Gangster|date=4 September 2015|publisher=[[NDTV]]|last1=Kumari Singh|first1=Harsha|access-date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703050914/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/criminal-escapes-while-on-way-to-court-in-rajasthan-1213948|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajasthan police spent crores of rupees on resources for catching the criminal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Think-tank-sharp-shooter-of-Anand-Pal-Singhs-gang-arrested-by-ATS/articleshow/53587104.cms|title=Think tank, sharp shooter of Anand Pal Singh's gang arrested by ATS – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412020552/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Think-tank-sharp-shooter-of-Anand-Pal-Singhs-gang-arrested-by-ATS/articleshow/53587104.cms|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

After escaping from police custody, Anandpal was accused of killing a policeman when a police team tried to stop his vehicle in Gudha Bhagwandas.

=== Allegations ===
The Rajasthan police stated that Singh and his brothers amassed wealth after entering the world of crime. "Anandpal’s brother Manjeet Singh was in prison in a murder case since 2001. He himself and another brother Vikki had been on the run from the law. There are no known source of income for the family, but Anandpal’s daughter spent nearly Rs. 20 lakh on engineering studies in Dubai," said the statement. The statement further said that Anandpal's other daughter was studying at an expensive school in Pune as was his son. "There are two flats owned by the family in Jaipur’s posh colonies. Each one of them is valued more than Rs 60 lakh. The police confiscated nearly 370 bigha of land," said the statement adding that he owned properties in Kuchaman, Jaipur, Hanumangarh, Sikar and Churu. The family also owns a mine in Makarana, apart from several 'benami' properties.

=== Lifestyle ===
Anandpal was considered unique in his status as a criminal in Rajasthan whose aides would often engage in acts of self-sacrifice. In a gang-war in [[Bikaner]] Central Jail in July 2014, his close aide Balveer Banuda jumped in front of bullets when Anandpal's enemies tried to shoot him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/miscellenous-india/gangster-anandpal-encountered-by-rajasthan-police-1608482/|title=2006 में गोदारा हत्याकांड से चर्चा में आया था गैंगस्टर आनंदपाल – Gangster anandpal encountered by rajasthan police|website=www.patrika.com|language=en|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630095359/http://www.patrika.com/news/miscellenous-india/gangster-anandpal-encountered-by-rajasthan-police-1608482/|archive-date=30 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh had serious charges against him, including murder, robbery and extortion.<ref name=":21">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/c-10-anandpal-seacret-farm-house-jp0980-NOR.html|title=इस गैंगस्टर के फार्म हाउस में है तहखाना, पिंजरे में कैद करता था लोगों को|date=25 June 2017|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Despite having these charges on his head, he had developed [[Robin Hood]] image among people. His Facebook image uploads and his video uploads on YouTube gives evidence of his fearless life.<ref name=":19">{{Cite news |title=जानिए, क्यों आनंदपाल जैसे गैंगस्टर के लिए धड़कता है राजपूतों का दिल? Jurm |url=http://aajtak.intoday.in/crime/story/most-wanted-gangster-anandpal-singh-encounter-politices-rajsthan-goverment-1-940885.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713100150/http://aajtak.intoday.in/crime/story/most-wanted-gangster-anandpal-singh-encounter-politices-rajsthan-goverment-1-940885.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |work=aajtak.intoday.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=http://rajasthanaajkal.com/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80-%E0%A5%9E%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2/|title=आनंदपाल सिंह पर बनेगी फ़िल्म|date=9 July 2017|work=Rajasthan Aajkal|access-date=23 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723202049/http://rajasthanaajkal.com/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80-%E0%A5%9E%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2/|archive-date=23 July 2017|language=Hindi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/the-siege-of-saanvrad-how-death-of-a-gangster-has-turned-a-small-rajasthan-village-into-a-war-zone/story-Y9yOcVrl8OVfhXjxExOb0O.html|title=The siege of Saanvrad: How death of a gangster has turned a small Rajasthan village into a war zone|date=12 July 2017|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714115708/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/the-siege-of-saanvrad-how-death-of-a-gangster-has-turned-a-small-rajasthan-village-into-a-war-zone/story-Y9yOcVrl8OVfhXjxExOb0O.html|archive-date=14 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Banna ka channel|title=Anandpal singh in dance styles|date=9 September 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYebb3br3VU|accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref> Black goggles, black hat, moustache, beard, leather jacket and his huge and solid physical appearance resembled a Bollywood style gangster.<ref name=":19" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />

=== Robin Hood style ===
Anandpal was particularly known for his acts of [[Redistribution of income and wealth|wealth redistribution]], giving to the poor and stealing from the rich.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |title=Cops working on breaking Anandpal's 'Robinhood' image – City-Jaipur – News {{!}} News Syndication {{!}} Content Syndication |url=http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=0pmKcX2xOHHjO3dPulsPIndaulQesgBz3dPuls6yRGhl0i9d0dQcw= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404185128/http://dnasyndication.com/showarticlerss.aspx?nid=0pmKcX2xOHHjO3dPulsPIndaulQesgBz3dPuls6yRGhl0i9d0dQcw= |archive-date=4 April 2018 |access-date=13 July 2017 |website=dnasyndication.com}}</ref> As a result of this, he got a reputation as a [[Robin Hood]]-type figure and had garnered support among some members of lower-income communities for his actions.<ref name=":27" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2017 |title=राजपूत समाज के आंदोलनकारियों का 'रॉबिनहुड' था आनंदपाल ! – Opinion Post |url=http://www.opinionpost.in/gangster-anandpal-as-robin-hood-for-rajputs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723091211/http://www.opinionpost.in/gangster-anandpal-as-robin-hood-for-rajputs/ |archive-date=23 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |work=Opinion Post |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2017 |title=One dies, 21 injured as violence erupts over Anand Pal encounter – enewsroom |url=https://enewsroom.in/die-violence-anand-pal-encounter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821044751/https://enewsroom.in/die-violence-anand-pal-encounter/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |work=enewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite news |date=25 June 2017 |title=Rajasthan celebrates the ENCOUNTER of gangster Anand Pal {{!}} UdaipurTimes.com |url=http://udaipurtimes.com/rajasthan-celebrates-encounter-gangster-anand-pal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628073138/http://udaipurtimes.com/rajasthan-celebrates-encounter-gangster-anand-pal/ |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |work=UdaipurTimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2017 |title=Who is Anandpal Singh and why Rajputs in Rajasthan erupted in anger at his killing? |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-anandpal-singh-and-why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-erupted-in-anger-at-his-killing/story-YPpyFhIUSPzE3XEtMBsYGJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713110319/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-anandpal-singh-and-why-rajputs-in-rajasthan-erupted-in-anger-at-his-killing/story-YPpyFhIUSPzE3XEtMBsYGJ.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |work=hindustantimes.com/ |language=en}}</ref>

== Interests ==
He was interested in [[novel]]s and always carried books. ''Super Brain'' and ''[[Life of Pi]]'' were said to be found by the police after his encounter in his [[Mahindra Scorpio]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Philip|first1=Jasmine|title=Pictures of Notorious Gangster Anand Pal Singh's Dead Body Surface Online; Here's The Reality of the Photos Going Viral|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/TOP-anand-pal-singh-encounter-5571569-PHO.html?seq=3|publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|date=10 April 2017|access-date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162506/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/TOP-anand-pal-singh-encounter-5571569-PHO.html?seq=3|archive-date=24 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Before death ==
In May 2017, Anandpal attempted to surrender.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://aajtak.intoday.in/crime/story/the-dreaded-gangster-of-rajasthan-anand-pal-singh-wants-to-surrender-1-870843.html|title=सरेंडर करना चाहता है राजस्थान का खूंखार गैंगस्टर आनंदपाल सिंह Jurm|work=aajtak.intoday.in|access-date=12 July 2017|language=hi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720054724/http://aajtak.intoday.in/crime/story/the-dreaded-gangster-of-rajasthan-anand-pal-singh-wants-to-surrender-1-870843.html|archive-date=20 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> His advocates met [[Governor of Rajasthan]], [[Kalyan Singh]], in [[Jaipur]] who told them that he is a patriot and that if he will be given security he wanted to surrender. A fair investigation was demanded on his behalf to the Chief Justice of High Court. In the court, it was said that the injustice of leaders had led him to this situation<ref name=":28">{{Cite news |title=आनंदपाल एनकाउंटर: कुछ सवाल जिनके जवाब भी तलाशे जाने चाहिए |url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/opinion/question-raised-over-gangster-anand-pal-singh-encounter-2611535.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714022214/http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/story/opinion/question-raised-over-gangster-anand-pal-singh-encounter-2611535.html |archive-date=14 July 2017 |access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> and now all these leaders wanted him dead.<ref name=":6" /> Anandpal's lawyer A.P. Singh also wrote to the Chief Justice, stating that the court should conduct a fair investigation under the direction of a judge because Anandpal had not committed any crime. He added that Anandpal ran away because his companion Balveer Banuda was killed inside the jail by his enemy Raju Theth. If he had not escaped then he too would have been killed as he was not safe inside the jail. His lawyer alleged that if any lawyer in Rajasthan wants to represent Anandpal, the police overwhelm him in false cases.<ref name=":6" />

== Death ==

=== Official story ===
As per police and government officials, he was shot dead at midnight in a raid by the [[Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir)|Special Operations Group]] [[Anti-Terrorism Squad (India)|Anti-Terrorist Squad (India)]] of the [[Rajasthan Police]] at [[Malasar]] in [[Churu district]] on 24 June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-singh-rajasthan-s-most-wanted-gangster-killed-in-police-encounter/story-apNrulyulM6U7eeznkfkGO.html|title=Anandpal Singh, Rajasthan's most-wanted gangster killed in police encounter|date=25 June 2017|access-date=25 June 2017|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Deepa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704095346/http://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/anandpal-singh-rajasthan-s-most-wanted-gangster-killed-in-police-encounter/story-apNrulyulM6U7eeznkfkGO.html|archive-date=4 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsnation.in/india-news/rajasthan-notorious-gangster-anandpal-singh-killed-in-encounter-article-175144.html|title=Notorious gangster Anandpal Singh killed in encounter with Rajasthan Police|date=25 June 2017|access-date=25 June 2017|publisher=[[News Nation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625071058/http://www.newsnation.in/india-news/rajasthan-notorious-gangster-anandpal-singh-killed-in-encounter-article-175144.html|archive-date=25 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/lucknow/gangster-anand-pal-singh-and-aanadpal-encounter-latest-news-updates-1609484/|title=आनंदपाल ने औरतों को आगे कर हो हल्ला मचाना कर दिया था शुरू – Gangster Anand Pal Singh and Aanadpal encounter Latest News Updates|website=www.patrika.com|language=en|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703045136/http://www.patrika.com/news/lucknow/gangster-anand-pal-singh-and-aanadpal-encounter-latest-news-updates-1609484/|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/jaipur/criminal-anandpal-singh-carrying-rs-5-lakh-reward-on-head-killed-in-encounter-1716590|title=राजस्थान : पुलिस मुठभेड़ में मारा गया पांच लाख का इनामी अपराधी आनंदपाल|work=NDTVIndia|access-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703222354/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/jaipur/criminal-anandpal-singh-carrying-rs-5-lakh-reward-on-head-killed-in-encounter-1716590|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-SIK-OMC-no-entry-in-anandpal-village-5643098-PHO.html|title=इस गैंगस्टर के गांव में लगे हैं ऐसे बैनर-पोस्टर, नेताओं की एंट्री पर है रोक|date=11 July 2017|work=dainikbhaskar|access-date=12 July 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121020/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-SIK-OMC-no-entry-in-anandpal-village-5643098-PHO.html|archive-date=19 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Public story ===
His family and many others reject the official story and blame the police for his death.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/agra/anand-pal-singh-gangster-rajasthan-patrika-1610828/|title=4 दिन से पड़ा है Anand Pal Singh का शव, Gangster की पत्नी से पुलिस ने कहा 24 घंटे में ले जाओ वरना... – Anand Pal Singh Gangster Rajasthan Patrika|website=www.patrika.com|language=en|access-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703193915/http://www.patrika.com/news/agra/anand-pal-singh-gangster-rajasthan-patrika-1610828/|archive-date=3 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://satyagrah.scroll.in/article/107873/gangster-anand-pal-rajasthan-encounter-problems-govt|title=क्यों इस कुख्यात गैंगस्टर का एनकाउंटर वसुंधरा सरकार के लिए राहत भी लाया है और आफत भी|last=आकोदिया|first=अवधेश|work=सत्याग्रह|access-date=11 July 2017|language=hi-IN}}</ref>

Anandpal's sister, family and lawyers also said that Anandpal wanted to surrender, but government mainly the former chief minister of Rajasthan [[Vasundhara Raje]] and former home minister [[Gulab Chand Kataria]] wanted him dead. They asked for protection from the government, court and police.<ref name=":6" />

== In popular culture ==

Crime Patrol Dial 100 - Ep 686 - Full Episode - 8 January 2018 (Full story is based on his lifestyle).

A web series from [[Zee5]] called ''[[Rangbaaz_(TV_series)#Season_2_/_Rangbaaz_Phirse|Rangbaaz Phirse]]'' was made in 2019 and released in December 2019 portraying the life of Anandpal. Singh is played by actor [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] as Amarpal Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|title='रंगबाज फिर से' Review: राजस्थान के उस गैंगस्टर की कहानी, जिसने राजनीति हिला दी|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/film-review/story/rangbaaz-phirse-review-in-hindi-jimmy-sheirgill-and-gul-panag-crime-drama-tmov-994355-2019-12-23|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Aaj Tak|date=23 December 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Anandpal-Singh Anandpal Singh] collected news and commentary at ''[[Times of India]]''
* [https://khabar.ndtv.com/topic/anand-pal-singh Anandpal Singh] collected news and commentary at ''[[NDTV]]''
* [http://hindi.news18.com/tag/anandpal-singh/ Anandpal Singh] collected news and commentary at ''[[News18 India|NEWS18 India]]''
{{Organised crime in India|Gangsters=Anandpal Singh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Anandpal}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Crime in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian extortionists]]
[[Category:Indian gangsters killed in encounters]]
[[Category:Indian murderers]]
[[Category:People from Nagaur district]]

Vithoba Temple

2026-02-14T14:27:36Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Short description|Vitthhal-Rukmini Temple in Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{NPOV language|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| image = Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10) (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir
| map_type = India Maharashtra
| map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17.67|75.33|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Solapur]]
| location = [[Pandharpur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Vithoba]]
[[Rukmini|Rakhumai]]
| festivals= [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]], [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]].
| architecture = [[Bhumija|Bhumija architecture]]
| year_completed = 1108–1152 CE
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}

The '''Vithoba Temple''', officially known as '''Shri Vitthal-Rukmini Mandir''' ({{langx|mr|श्री विठ्ठल-रूक्मिणि देऊळ}}) is a [[Hindu temple]] in [[Pandharpur]], in the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name=":0" /> It is the main centre of worship for [[Vithoba]], a form of the god [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]], and his consort [[Rukmini|Rakhumai]]. It is one of the 108 [[Abhimana Kshethram]] of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavate]] tradition.{{cn|date=October 2023}} The temple was built by King [[Vishnuvardhana]] (Bittideva) of [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala]] Empire between 1108 and 1152 CE upon being convinced by the historical figure [[Pundalik]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}{{Dubious|date=February 2026}} Also, there is an inscription in the temple, of a Hoysala King [[Vira Someshwara]] dating back to 1237 CE, which grants the temple a village for its upkeep.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great Pandharpur Pilgrimage |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/amazing-india/the-great-pandharpur-pilgrimage/ |website=Live History India|date=3 July 2017 }}</ref> It is the most visited temple in [[Maharashtra]]. The [[Warkari]]s start marching from their homes to the temple of Pandharpur in groups called [[Dindi (procession)]] to reach on [[Shayani Ekadashi|Aashadhi Ekadashi]] and [[Ekadashi|Kartiki Ekadashi]]. A dip in the [[holy river]] [[Bhima River|Chandrabhaga]], on whose banks [[Pandharpur]] resides, is believed to have power to wash all sins. All the devotees are allowed to touch the feet of the idol of Vithoba. In May 2014, the temple became the first in India to invite women and people from backward classes as priests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/caste-no-bar-women-non-brahmins-will-be-priests-in-pandharpur-temple-1548569.html |title=Caste no bar: Women, non-Brahmins will be priests in Pandharpur temple |publisher= [[Firstpost]] |author= Vishwas Waghmode |date= 29 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/pandharpur-temple-allows-women-men-of-all-castes-as-priests/article6038635.ece |title=Pandharpur temple allows women, men of all castes as priests |author= Amruta Byatnal |work= [[The Hindu]] |date= 23 May 2014 |access-date= 30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-athawale-slams-sanatan-for-opposing-dalit-priest-in-temple-1988430 |title=Athawale slams Sanatan for opposing Dalit priest in temple |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date= 15 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/first-time-in-900-yrs-vitthal-rukmini-temple-may-get-non-brahmin-priests/ |title=First time in 900 yrs, Vitthal Rukmini temple may get non-Brahmin priests |publisher=The Indian Express |date= 6 May 2014 |access-date= 29 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lord Vithoba temple makes history by having women and lower-caste priests |url= http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/lord-vithoba-temple-makes-history-by-having-women-and-lower-caste-priests/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date= 9 May 2014}}</ref>

Although parts of the temple date to the 12th or 13th century, the existing structure mainly dates to the 17th century or later, and reflects the later Deccan style, with dome motifs and lobed arches.<ref>Michell, George, ''The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu'', p. 386, 1989, Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140081445}}</ref> Attempts were made to destroy the temple by [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]], however the original central figure of the shrine was protected by the Brahmin priests Badve while Afzalkhan destroyed a similar idol.

==Legend of Pundalik==
[[File:Syayambhuvithoba.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The central image of Vithoba]]
[[Pundalik]] is a devoted son to his parents Janudev and Satyavati, who lived in a forest called Dandirvan. But after his wedding, Pundalik begins ill-treating his parents. Tired with their son's misbehavior and ill treatment, the elderly couple decide to leave for Kashi. Legend holds that people who die in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]] attain salvation and emancipation from the cycle of birth and death. Many Hindus would relocate to Kashi before they died.

Upon hearing his parents' plans, Pundalik and his wife decide to join them on pilgrimage. The ill treatment continues. While the Pundalik and his wife ride on horseback, his parents walk. Pundalik even makes his old parents work to make his own journey comfortable. Every evening, when the party camps for the night, the son forces his parents to groom the horses and do other jobs.

On the way to Kashi, the group reached the ashram (hermitage) of a pious and venerable sage, Kukkutswami. Exhausted, the family decides to spend a few days there. That night, when all were asleep, Pundalik by chance is awake and sees a remarkable vision. Just before dawn, a group of beautiful young women, dressed in soiled clothes, enter the ashram; they clean the floor, fetch water and wash the venerable sage's clothes. After finishing their chores, they go to the prayer-room. When they reappear after prayer, their clothes are spotlessly clean. Then, they vanish as inexplicably as they had appeared.

Pundalik feels a deep sense of peace witnessing the scene. It remains on his mind the whole day and he resolves to remain awake the next night, and confirm it was not merely a dream. The next night, Pundalik approaches the beautiful women and asks who they are. They reveal themselves as the [[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]] (Ganges), [[Yamuna]] and other holy rivers of India. Pilgrims wish to take a dip in their holy waters to wash away their sins, which in fact are soiling their clothes. Then, the women say: "But O Pundalik, you, with your ill-treatment of your parents, are the greatest sinner of them all!"{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Pundalik realizes his misdeeds, becomes entirely devoted to his parents and ensures their comfort, even risking his own.

Impressed by Pundalik's devotion to his parents, [[Krishna]], plans to bless Pundalik immediately. So, he left (His abode) for Pundalik's ashram. Krishna knocks at Pundalik's door while he is busy serving his parents food. Pundalik realizes that God is at his door but decides to serve his parents first. So, Pundalik throws a brick outside for God to stand on and wait for him until he finishes attending to his parents. It is the first day of monsoon so it is wet and muddy outside. If Vishnu stands upon a brick his feet will remain clean and dry.

Seeing this act, Krishna was extremely impressed by Pundalik's love for his parents and granted a boon. Pundalik requests Krishna to stay on Earth and bless all his true devotees. Krishna agrees to stay and takes the form of Vithoba. Currently, the deity resides in the Vithoba temple and is worshipped alongside [[Rukmini]], his chief consort.<ref name=legend/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnmPzgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3180-4 |pages=765 |language=en}}</ref>

==Sant Namdeva Maharaj Payari==
[[File:Pandharpur Vithoba temple.jpg|thumb|Chief (eastern) entrance of the temple, which houses the "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari". The small blue temple in front of the gate is saint Chokhamela's memorial.]]
[[File:Pandharpur 2013 Aashad - panoramio (10).jpg|thumb|The exit for pilgrims; with the shikhara of Rakhumai's cella seen]]
An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari" (step of Sant Namdev Maharaj). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of "naivedya" (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does "naivedya" and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the "first step" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the "darshan" (view). So, this first step is called "Sant Namdev Maharaj Pāyari".
=== Sant Tukaram===
It is also believed that [[Tukaram]] - a 17th-century devotee of [[Krishna]] in the form of ''Vithoba'' - spent his last days in the temple.<ref name=legend>{{cite book|title=Temples of India Myths and Legends|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|location=New Delhi|editor1-last=S.|editor1-first= Manjula|last=Bhoothalingam|first=Mathuram|year=2016|pages=11–14|isbn=978-81-230-1661-0}}</ref>

==The Temple==
[[File:Pandharpur.jpg|thumb|Chandrabaga river]]

The main entrance of Lord Vittala's Temple is facing towards the Chandrabhaga or Bhima river. [[Samadhi#Hinduism|Samadhi]] of Namadev and Chokamela is at the entrance. Pilgrims will first pray to the Devotees and then enter the temple. A small [[Ganesha|Ganesh]] shrine is present inside the temple as first Shrine. Then, a small hall where bhajans are performed.

A small shrine for [[Garuda]] and [[Hanuman]]. Then, after climbing a few steps, we can see the face of Lord Vittala. We can have this Mukha Darshan any time without standing in Queue.
For, Padha Darshan (To touch the Lotus Feet of Lord), there is an entrance which leads to the queue complex outside the temple. It will lead to many small shrines of Bhaktas, then towards the Lord Panduranga. We can touch the feet of Lord.
There are Shrines for [[Rukmini]] Devi, [[Satyabhama]] Devi, [[Radha|Radhika]] Devi ([[Rahi (goddess)|Rahi]]), Lord [[Narasimha]], Lord [[Venkateshwara]], Goddess [[Mahalakshmi]], [[Nagaraja|Nagaraj]], Ganesha, [[Annapoorna devi|Annapoorna Devi]]. There is another mandap where all devotees play like Krishna had played with [[Gopikas]].
It is a great experience.

==See also==
*[[Rukmini]]
*[[Rahi (goddess)]]
*[[Avatar#Avatars of Vishnu|Avatars of Vishnu]]
*[[Chokhamela]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.amazingmaharashtra.com/2012/04/pandharpur.html Vithoba Temple's daily schedule]
* [https://www.thedivineindia.com/vithoba-mandir/6570 Vithoba Temple Pandharpur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905122316/https://www.thedivineindia.com/vithoba-mandir/6570 |date=5 September 2022 }} – ''The Divine India''

{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}
{{Krishna}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Warkari]]
[[Category:Haridasa]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Solapur district]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]

Virendra Singh (physicist)

2026-02-12T06:16:06Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made biography.

{{short description|Indian physicist (born 1938)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Virendra Singh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1938|6|8}}
| birth_place = [[Bijnor]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Theoretical physics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] | [[Rockefeller University]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | Deva Nagri Inter college | [[Meerut College]] | [[Agra University]] | [[University of California, Berkeley]] | [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] | [[California Institute of Technology]] | [[Institute for Advanced Study]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | [[Geoffrey Chew]] | [[Murray Gell-Mann]] }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[High energy physics]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1973 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1979 [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] Meghnad Saha Award | 1995  Goyal Prize | 1996 [[Indian Science Congress Association|ISCA]] C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Gold Medal }}
}}
'''Virendra Singh''' (born 8 June 1938) is an Indian theoretical physicist and a former C. V. Raman chair professor and director of the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR). Known for his research in [[high energy physics]], Singh is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies - [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] and [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] as well as [[The World Academy of Sciences]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Physical Sciences in 1973.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link – please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
[[File:Tifr main.jpg|thumb|235px|Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]

=== Early life and education ===
Born in [[Bijnor]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Singh completed his schooling at Dev Nagri Inter College, [[Meerut]] in 1951 and passed the intermediate course from [[Meerut College]] of [[Agra University]] in 1953.<ref name="Biography">{{Cite web |url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/~vsingh/CV.pdf |title=Biography |date=2017 |publisher=Tata Institute of Fundamental Research}}</ref> After earning a BSc in physics, chemistry and mathematics in 1955 and an MSc in physics in 1957 from the same institution, he joined [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] as a research assistant the same year. Subsequently, taking a sabbatical from service, he enrolled for doctoral studies at [[University of California, Berkeley]] and worked under the guidance of [[Geoffrey Chew]], known for his contributions to the fields of [[mesons]] and [[bootstrap model]], to secure a PhD in 1962.<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0774 |title=Indian fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205034931/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N75-0774 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He stayed in the US to complete his post-doctoral work at three institutions, [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] (1959–62) as a graduate student, [[California Institute of Technology]] (1962–63) as a research fellow with [[Murray Gell-Mann]]<ref name="B. M. Udgaonkar Eminent Scientist & Educationist">{{cite web | url=http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/data/pdf/bmu/udgaonkar-confe.pdf | title=B. M. Udgaonkar Eminent Scientist & Educationist | publisher=Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education | date=2 May 2016}}</ref> and [[Institute for Advanced Study]], Princeton (1963–64) as a member.<ref name="MEMBER - Virendra Singh">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ias.edu/scholars/virendra-singh |title=MEMBER – Virendra Singh |date=2017 |publisher=Institute for Advanced Study}}</ref>

=== Career ===
On his return to India in 1964, he resumed his career at TIFR and served the institution in such various capacities as a professor (1970–81), senior professor (1981–90), and a professor of eminence till his superannuation from service in 2003. During this period, he held the directorship of the institution from 1987 to 1997. Post-retirement, he continued his association with TIFR as a C. V. Raman Research Professor of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] till 2008.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> In between, he had two short stints at [[Rockefeller University]], first as a visiting associate professor during (1966–67) and then as a visiting professor during (1971–72).<ref name="Biography" /> When the Indian Physics Association and the [[Institute of Physics]] jointly introduced an exchange lecture program in honor of [[John Douglas Cockcroft]], [[Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton]] and [[Homi J. Bhabha]] in 1998, he was the first to deliver the Homi Bhabha lecture in 2000.<ref name="Biography" /><ref name="Lecturers between IPA-IOP">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipa1970.org.in/exlist.php |title=Lecturers between IPA-IOP |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Physics Association |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208130814/http://www.ipa1970.org.in/exlist.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Personal life ===
Singh lives in [[Andheri]] west in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |title=NASI fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=16 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316043224/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Nehru sciencecenter1.JPG|thumb|235px|Nehru Science Center]]
Singh's studies spanned the fields of high energy physics, [[quantum mechanics]] and [[particle physics]] and he has made reportedly significant contributions on [[S-matrix theory]] and symmetry theories of [[hadrons]].<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=62 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref> His collaboration with Virendra Gupta resulted in the development of ''Gupta-Singh coupling constant sum rule''<ref name="Sum Rules for Coupling Constants in Broken SU (3) Symmetry">{{Cite journal |last=Virendra Gupta, Virendra Singh |title=Sum Rules for Coupling Constants in Broken SU (3) Symmetry |journal=Physical Review |date=1964 |volume=136 |issue=B782 |pages=B782–B786 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.136.B782|bibcode=1964PhRv..136..782G }}</ref> related to [[baryon]] decuplet<ref name="BrézinWadia1993">{{cite book|author1=E Brézin|author2=S R Wadia|title=The Large N Expansion in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics: From Spin Systems to 2-Dimensional Gravity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yp3sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA333|date=31 August 1993|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4506-63-2|pages=333–}}</ref> and he worked along M. A. Beg to develop the ''Beg-Singh SU (6) mass formula''.<ref name="Mitra2009">{{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA388|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=388–}}</ref> His theoretical work on [[scattering amplitudes]] have helped widen the understanding of ''high energy total cross-sections in hadronic processes''.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999}}</ref> He proposed ''Singh lemma'', a method of calculating the ''threshold value of the amplitude from the [[Gauge theory|gauge condition]]''.<ref name="Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering">{{Cite journal |last=S. Saito |title=Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering |journal=Physical Review |date=1969 |volume=184 |issue=1894 |pages=1894–1902 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.184.1894|bibcode=1969PhRv..184.1894S }}</ref><ref name="BellBell1995">{{cite book|author1=J. S. Bell|author2=Mary Bell|author3=Kurt Gottfried, Martinus Veltman|title=Quantum Mechanics, High Energy Physics and Accelerators: Selected Papers of John S. Bell, with Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTVqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA339|year=1995|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-2115-7|pages=339–}}</ref> His other contributions include ''Singh-Pais theorems'' and ''Singh-Roy bounds'' related to [[compton scattering]] and [[scattering amplitudes]].<ref name="Singh on Neglected Science">{{Cite web |url=http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/s/virendra-singh |title=Singh on Neglected Science |date=2017 |publisher=Neglected Science |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=11 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411055521/http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/s/virendra-singh |url-status=dead }}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and the article repository of the Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 84 of them.<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Singh=3AVirendra_=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> Besides, he has contributed chapters to books published by others<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices : (December 14 – 18, 1999) [New Delhi]. 2(2000)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pf-1NymFEscC&pg=PA1459|year=2000|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-998-7|pages=1459–}}</ref><ref name="Wadia2007">{{cite book|author=Spenta R. Wadia|title=The Legacy of Albert Einstein: A Collection of Essays in Celebration of the Year of Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEaUIxukvy4C&pg=PA165|year=2007|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-277-271-8|pages=165–}}</ref> including a lecture in a book edited by [[B. V. Sreekantan]]<ref name="Remembering Einstein: Lectures on Physics and Astrophysics">{{Cite book |title=Remembering Einstein: Lectures on Physics and Astrophysics |last=B.V. Sreekantan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0198064497 |page=164}}</ref> and ''Scientific Realism and Classical Physics'', a general article published in ''History and Philosophy of Physics''<ref name="Scientific Realism and Classical Physics">{{Cite book |arxiv=0805.1780 |title=History and Philosophy of Physics |last=P. Ghosh (V. Singh – chapter) |publisher=Indian Council of Philosophical Research |year=2008|bibcode=2008arXiv0805.1780S }}</ref> published by [[Indian Council of Philosophical Research]].<ref name="Authors and titles for physics.hist-ph in May 2008">{{Cite web |url=https://arxiv.org/list/physics.hist-ph/0805 |title=Authors and titles for physics.hist-ph in May 2008 |date=2017 |publisher=Cornell University}}</ref> His work has also drawn citations from other authors.<ref name="(Prof.)Kar2010">{{cite book|author1=Subir Ghosh (Prof.)|author2=Guruprasad Kar|title=Recent Developments in Theoretical Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Q2GXoKbo0kC&pg=PA10|year=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4287-33-3|pages=10–}}</ref><ref name="Mehra2001">{{cite book|author=Jagdish Mehra|title=The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics: (Boxed Set of 2 Volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA530|date=28 February 2001|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4492-85-0|pages=530–}}</ref>

=== Professional associations ===
On the academic front, he was instrumental in organizing a school of research on theoretical physics at [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], along with [[Bhalchandra Udgaonkar]].<ref name="Indian fellow" /> He has been a member of the editorial boards of ''Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics'' (1974–76 & 1989–91), ''Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics'' (1975–77), ''[[Pramana]]'' (1982–89), ''Comments on Nuclear and Particle Physics'' (1985–92) and ''Asia-Pacific Physics Newsletter'' (1990).<ref name="Biography" /> He chaired the board of research in nuclear science of the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] and sat in the commission on particles and fields of [[International Union of Pure and Applied Physics]] from 1986 to 1993.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> He was the vice president of the Indian Physics Association for 1983–84 and presided the association from 1985 to 1987.<ref name="Executive Committees of IPA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipa1970.org.in/pastexlist.php |title=Executive Committees of IPA |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Physics Association}}</ref> He served as the chairman of the Mumbai chapter of ''Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering & Research'' (SAMEER) of the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]] (1993–97) and the [[Nehru Science Centre]] (1994–96). He has been associated with the Indian Academy of Sciences as a council member (1977–82) and with National Academy of Sciences, India as the president of its Mumbai chapter (2001–07). He has also been a member of the councils of a number of institutes and associations which included [[Indian Statistical Institute]] (1986–88), [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]] (1987–92), Indian Science News Association (1994–2001) and [[National Council of Science Museums]] (1994–98).<ref name="Biography" />

== Awards and honors ==
The Indian Academy of Sciences elected Singh as a fellow in 1970<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Singh,_Prof._Virendra |title=Fellow profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1973.<ref name="CSIR list of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> He became an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 1975<ref name="INSA Year Book 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> and four years later, the [[university Grants Commission of India]] selected him for the 1979 Meghnad Saha Award.<ref name="MEMBER - Virendra Singh" /> He received the fellowship of the National Academy of Sciences, India in 1989<ref name="NASI Year Book 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI Year Book 2015 |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211716/http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Goyal Prize for Physical Sciences in 1995.<ref name="Biography" /> The [[Indian Science Congress Association]] awarded him the C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Gold Medal in 1996 and [[The World Academy of Sciences]] elected him as their fellow in 1999.<ref name="TWAS fellow">{{Cite web |url=https://twas.org/member/singh-virendra |title=TWAS fellow |date=2017 |publisher=The World Academy of Sciences |access-date=10 April 2017 |archive-date=23 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523111759/https://twas.org/member/singh-virendra |url-status=dead }}</ref> He is also a fellow of the [[Institute of Physics]] and the award orations delivered by him include K. R. Ramanathan Memorial Lecture of [[Physical Research Laboratory]] (1995), Bicentennial Lecture of [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]] (1995), S. N. Bose Memorial Lecture of [[S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences]] (1995), S. N. Bose Memorial Lecture of Kolkata Mathematical Society (1995), Meghnad Saha Lecture of National Academy of Sciences, India (1996) and Bhabha Memorial Lecture of the [[Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers]] (1997).<ref name="Biography" />

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices : (December 14 – 18, 1999) [New Delhi]. 2(2000)|year=2000|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-998-7|pages=1459–}}
* {{cite book|author=Spenta R. Wadia|title=The Legacy of Albert Einstein: A Collection of Essays in Celebration of the Year of Physics|year=2007|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-277-271-8|pages=165–}}
* {{Cite book |title=Remembering Einstein: Lectures on Physics and Astrophysics |last=B.V. Sreekantan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0198064497 |page=164}}
* {{Cite book |arxiv=0805.1780 |title=History and Philosophy of Physics |last=P. Ghosh (V. Singh – chapter) |publisher=Indian Council of Philosophical Research |year=2008|bibcode=2008arXiv0805.1780S }}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last=Virendra Gupta, Virendra Singh |title=Sum Rules for Coupling Constants in Broken SU (3) Symmetry |journal=Physical Review |date=1964 |volume=136 |issue=B782 |pages=B782–B786 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.136.B782|bibcode=1964PhRv..136..782G }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Virendra Singh |title=New Low-Energy Theorem for Compton Scattering |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |date=1967 |volume=19 |issue=730 |pages=730–734 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.730|bibcode=1967PhRvL..19..730S }}
* {{Cite journal |last=S. M. Roy, Virendra Singh |title=Causal Quantum Mechanics Treating Position and Momentum Symmetrically |journal=Modern Physics Letters A |date=1995 |volume=10 |issue=8 |pages=709–716 |doi=10.1142/S0217732395000752|arxiv=hep-ph/9410378 |bibcode=1995MPLA...10..709R |s2cid=119464132 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Virendra Singh |title=Causal quantum mechanics |journal=Pramana |date=1997 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=5–16 |doi=10.1007/BF02856334|bibcode=1997Prama..49....5S |s2cid=122038060 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Virendra Singh |title=Bhabha's contributions to elementary particle physics and cosmic rays research |journal=Resonance |date=2009 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=430–454 |doi=10.1007/s12045-009-0045-1|arxiv=0905.2264 |bibcode=2009arXiv0905.2264S |s2cid=17616577 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[Rutherford scattering]]
* [[Coulomb scattering state]]
* [[Eightfold Way (physics)]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Physics}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PR38|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=38–}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/38322692/prof-virendra-singh-department-of-theoretical-physics-tata- |title=Virendra Singh – Curriculum Vitae |date=2017 |publisher=Yumpu}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Virendra}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor]]
[[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Physics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor district]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]

Vimla Patil

2026-02-12T06:13:54Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made new details.

{{Short description|Indian journalist (died 2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vimla Patil
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| death_date = {{death date|2024|9|29}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Journalist, columnist, author, writer, activist, event designer
| website = {{URL|http://www.vimlapatil.com}}
}}
'''Vimla Patil''' (died 29 September 2024) was an Indian journalist, author, activist, columnist, writer (books and features, speeches and research), event designer.

==Career==
While studying journalism in London, Vimla Patil was a part-time trainee for [[The Telegraph (UK)|''The Telegraph'']]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001219165200/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2000 |title=Telegraph.co.uk – Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph, Sunday |work=The Telegraph|access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref> and then worked for a business journal called ''The Office Magazine''. Upon returning to India, she joined [[Femina (India)|''Femina'']], a [[The Times of India|''Times of India'']] publication, from its inaugural issue in 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041114/asp/look/story_3984806.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115062840/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041114/asp/look/story_3984806.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2004 |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta : Look |work=The Telegraph|location=India |date=14 November 2004 |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref>

After a market research agency study in 1989 the management of Femina decided that the reader's interest had shifted from family and home to personal care. Femina also initiated the [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] shows in India.<ref name=Dewey>{{cite book|title=Making Miss India Miss World|author=Susan Dewey|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|date=2008|isbn=978-0-8156-3176-7|url=https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe|access-date=23 January 2013|url-access=registration}}</ref> It held the rights to choose Indian candidates for the [[Miss Universe]], [[Miss World]], Teen Princess, Miss Asia Pacific and other titles. Vimla Patil, the editor of [[Femina (India)|Femina]] from 1959 to 1993, described the role that the pageant and the magazine had to play in creation of national identity: "When India became independent, there were, because of various states in India, different kinds of women. There was a [[Maharashtrians|Maharashtrian]] woman, there was a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi woman]], but nobody had identified what was an Indian woman. There was a question mark there. Who is the Indian woman? Nobody knew. Who was going to put all these threads together and make one fabric? That was the question. And the answer to that was Femina and Miss India."<ref name=Dewey/>

In 2011, Vimla Patil edited "Fabulous Thali Meals By Chetana".<ref>Fabulous Thali Meals By Chetana, Chetana Pvt. Ltd, 2011, {{ISBN|81-85300-60-7}}</ref> She wrote a regular column "Evesdropping" for New Woman Magazine on social issues. She expresses her views on strong women-oriented issues, exchanges her ideas on controversial subjects, and debates on sensitive topics concerning women.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newwomanindia.com/evesdropping.htm |title=India's No.1 English Women's Monthly Magazine |work=Newwomanindia.com |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185842/http://www.newwomanindia.com/evesdropping.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Death==
Patil died on 29 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Femina's first Editor, Vimla Patil no more |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-print-news/feminas-first-editor-vimla-patil-no-more-137621.html |access-date=27 October 2024 |website=exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>

==Positions==
* Board member, Tiger Watch NGO, Ranthambhore,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tigerwatch.net/board_members.htm |title=Tiger India – Wildlife – Ranthambhore – Rajasthan – Ranthambore |publisher=Tiger Watch |access-date=24 October 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192950/http://www.tigerwatch.net/board_members.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Fritjof Capra (1987). ''Uncommon Wisdom: Conversations with remarkable people'', p. 302–306 & 309 Century Hutchinson Ltd, London. {{ISBN|0-00-654341-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-00-654341-1}}.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, Vimla}}
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women columnists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Journalists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

54th International Film Festival of India

2026-02-02T06:55:53Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{short description|2023 Indian film festival}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Film festival
| name = 54th International Film Festival of India
| image = 54th IFFI poster.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| opening = ''[[Catching Dust]]'' by Stuart Gatt
| closing = ''[[The Featherweight]]'' by Robert Kolodny
| location = Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium at [[Panaji]], [[Goa]], India
| founded = 1952
| awards = {{Plainlist|
*'''[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock]]:'''
**''Endless Borders'' by Abbas Amini
*'''Silver Peacock:'''
* '''[[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director]]:'''
**[[Stephan Komandarev]] for ''[[Blaga's Lessons]]''
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Male)|Best Actor]]:'''
**Pouria Rahimi Sam from ''Endless Borders''
* '''[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)|Best Actress]]:'''
** [[Mélanie Thierry]] from ''Party of Fools''
*'''[[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal|ICFT INESCO Gandhi Medal]]: '''
**''[[Drift (2023 film)|Drift]]'' by [[Anthony Chen]]
*'''[[IFFI - Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]]:'''
** [[Michael Douglas]]
*'''[[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award|Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema Award]]:'''
** [[Madhuri Dixit]]
*'''Best Web Series:'''
**''[[Panchayat (TV series)|Panchayat Season 2]]''
}}
| host = [[Government of Goa]] [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]
| number = {{Plainlist|
* 270 films from 105 countries
* 198 in International section
* 19 award-winning films
* 13 world premieres
}}
| date = Opening: {{Start date|df=y|2023|11|20}} Closing: {{End date|df=y|2023|11|28}}
| website = {{URL|https://iffigoa.org/}}
| previous = [[53rd International Film Festival of India|53rd]]
| main = [[International Film Festival of India]]
| next = [[55th International Film Festival of India|55th]]
}}

The '''54th [[International Film Festival of India]]''' opened on 20 November 2023 with ''[[Catching Dust]]'' by Stuart Gatt in [[Goa]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975005|title=54th International Film Festival of India to be held from 20th to 28th November in Goa|date=6 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|publisher=PIB|via=press release|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114042158/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975005|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shekhar Kapur]] an Indian filmmaker served as chairperson of the international jury.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973336|title=International Jury Announced For 54th IFFI, Goa|date=31 October 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|publisher=PIB|via=press release|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204131638/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973336|url-status=live}}</ref> This year a new award category [[IFFI Best Web Series (OTT) Award|Best Web Series Award]] was introduced in the festival. 32 entries in 10 languages from 15 [[Over-the-top media service]] platforms were selected to compete for this award.<ref name=ott:lead>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iffi-2023-rajkumar-hirani-to-head-jury-panel-for-best-web-series-award-9033760/|title=IFFI 2023: Rajkumar Hirani to head jury panel for best web series award|date=19 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121022448/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/iffi-2023-rajkumar-hirani-to-head-jury-panel-for-best-web-series-award-9033760/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The festival closed on 28 November with
American biographical sports drama film ''[[The Featherweight]]'' by Robert Kolodny. In the ceremony Hollywood actor-producer [[Michael Douglas]] was honoured with the [[IFFI Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]], and the Persian film ''Endless Borders'' by Abbas Amini, received the [[Golden Peacock]] award for the best film; whereas [[Stephan Komandarev]] won the Silver Peacock award for best director for the Bulgarian film ''[[Blaga's Lessons]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1980587|title=Curtains fall on IFFI 54, the joy of cinema to continue|date=28 November 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|via=press release|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143006/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1980587|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Opening and closing ceremonies==

===Opening ceremony===
[[File:Karishma_Tanna_at_Rakesh_Roshan’s_birthday_bash.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Karishma Tanna]], host opening ceremony]]

[[File:Shreya Ghoshal at 54th IFFI.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], at the opening ceremony]]
The opening ceremony on 20 November 2023, hosted by [[Karishma Tanna]] and [[Aparshakti Khurana]] was aired live on [[Colors TV]] and [[JioCinema]]. In this edition over 270 films from 105 countries were screened. [[Madhuri Dixit]] was felicitated with the ‘Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema’ award at the festival.<ref name="fest:hindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2023-54th-international-film-festival-of-india-kicks-off-in-goa-with-starry-opening-ceremony/article67554425.ece|title=IFFI 2023: 54th International Film Festival of India kicks off in Goa with starry opening ceremony|date=20 November 2023|access-date=20 November 2023|newspaper=The Hindu|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121131207/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2023-54th-international-film-festival-of-india-kicks-off-in-goa-with-starry-opening-ceremony/article67554425.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978012|title=54th IFFI showcasing an eclectic array of World Cinema set to begin tomorrow with a gala opening ceremony|date=19 November 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|publisher=PIB|via=press release|archive-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122033648/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978012|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also streamed live on YouTube.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=25dIFkB6lGo|title=Opening Ceremony of 54th International Film Festival of India (IFFI)|work= PIB India |publisher=YouTube|date=21 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=LONJBGIO45w|title=54th International Film Festival of India - Opening Ceremony|work=DD News|publisher=YouTube|date=21 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121115232/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LONJBGIO45w|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Closing ceremony===

[[File:Mandira Bedi on Day 2 of Lakme Fashion Week 2017.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Mandira Bedi]], host closing ceremony]]

The festival closed on 28 November with ''[[The Featherweight]]'' an American biographical sports drama film on professional boxer [[Willie Pep]] by [[Robert Kolodny (filmmaker)|Robert Kolodny]].<ref name="iffi:variety" /> [[Mandira Bedi]] hosted the closing ceremony, which was also streamed live on YouTube, in addition to broadcast on Colours TV channel.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=e4GvLTq2tXw|title=54th International Film Festival of India - Closing Ceremony - IFFI 2023|work=DD National|publisher=YouTube|date=28 November 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=28 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128175742/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4GvLTq2tXw|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=lJCHz0A424A|title=54th International Film Festival of India - Closing Ceremony - IFFI 2023|work=PIB India|publisher=YouTube|date=28 November 2023|access-date=28 November 2023|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129143005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJCHz0A424A|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Events==

* Master classes and in conversation: Masterclasses and In Conversation sessions with filmmakers, cinematographers, and actors were held at [[Kala Academy]] at Festival Mile, Panjim, during the festival. [[Michael Douglas]] American filmmaker, [[Brendan Galvin]] American poet, [[Brillante Mendoza]] Filipino independent filmmaker, [[Sunny Deol]], [[Rani Mukerjee]], [[Vidya Balan]], John Goldwater, [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Sara Ali Khan]], [[Pankaj Tripathi]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Kay Kay Menon]], [[Karan Johar]], [[Madhur Bhandarkar]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]], [[Kartiki Gonsalves]], [[Boney Kapoor]], [[Allu Aravind]], Theodore Gluck and [[Gulshan Grover]] among others were the guest speakers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978037|title=Exciting 'Masterclasses' and 'In-conversation' sessions await this year's IFFI|date=19 November 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|publisher=PIB|via=press release|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204141718/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978037|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Gala Premiers: Actors of the films having gala premiers at festival had talent walk on the red carpet to promote their films.
* Film Bazaar: It concluded on 24 November with around 1250 delegates attending the Bazaar.<ref name="fbevent:variety">{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/film-bazaar-winners-2023-1235808355/ |title= India’s Film Bazaar Reveals Market Winners, Deals |author= Naman Ramachandran |work= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 25 November 2023 |access-date= 26 November 2023 |language= en |archive-date= 25 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231125231715/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/film-bazaar-winners-2023-1235808355/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
* 75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow: In competition of creating a short film in 48 hours on the theme of 'The Mission Life', ''Odh'', a short film about the receding beach lines of Goa, bagged the best film award in '75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow' initiative.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/odh-wins-best-film-award-at-iffis-75-creative-minds-of-tomorrow-2784780 |title= ‘Odh’ wins best film award at IFFI's 75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow |work= [[Press Trust of India]] |date= 26 November 2023 |access-date= 26 November 2023 |publisher= [[Deccan Herald]] |language= en |archive-date= 26 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045331/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/odh-wins-best-film-award-at-iffis-75-creative-minds-of-tomorrow-2784780 |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Jury==

===International Jury===

In addition to the [[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock]] for best film, the Jury decides the winners in the Best Director, Best Actor (Male), Best Actor (Female) and Special Jury Prize categories. The following are the members of the International Jury:<ref>{{cite news|title=International Jury Announced For 54th IFFI, Goa|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973336|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=31 October 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204131638/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973336|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Shekhar Kapur]], Indian filmmaker, Chairperson
* [[José Luis Alcaine]], Spanish cinematographer
* Jerome Paillard, French film producer of international films
* Catherine Dussart, French film producer of international films
* [[Helen Leake]], Australian film producer

===Feature film jury===

The Feature Films Jury headed by T.S Nagabharana is as follows:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1978648|title=Indian Panorama at IFFI mirrors the nation's cultural diversity and visual literacy growth: Jury Chairperson (Indian Panorama Feature Films)|date=21 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|via=press release}}</ref>

* [[T. S. Nagabharana]], chairperson, Indian film director
* [[Karthik Raja]], Indian composer
* Anjan Bose, filmmaker, producer, distributor
* [[Iti Rani Samanta]], Indian columnist, journalist and film producer
* K. P. Vyasan, Indian film director
* Kamlesh Mishra, film director
* Kiran Ganti, film editor
* Milind Lele, film director
* [[Pradip Kurbah]], film director
* [[Rama Vij]], Indian actress
* [[Romi Meitei]], Indian film director and lyricist
* [[Sanjay Jadhav]], Indian cinematographer
* Vijay Pande, film director and editor

===Non-feature film jury===
The Jury headed by Shri Arvind Sinha, has following seven member:<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978646|title=Films ought to have an element of universality: Arvind Sinha, Jury Chairperson (Non-Feature Films)|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=21 November 2023|access-date=26 November 2023|archive-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215210709/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978646|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Arvind Sinha, chairperson, documentary filmmaker
* Arvind Pandey; film director and writer
* [[Bobby Wahengbam]]; Indian filmmaker, producer, writer and film critic
* Dip Bhuyan; film director
* Kamlesh Udasi; film director and producer
* Paushali Ganguli; animator, film director and screenwriter
* Varun Kurtkoti; film director

===Best web series (OTT) award jury===
[[Rajkumar Hirani]] is serving as the head of the jury for the 'best web series (OTT)' award.<ref name=ott:lead/>
* [[Rajkumar Hirani]], Indian filmmaker, director, producer, and editor
* [[Divya Dutta]], Indian actress and model
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], Indian actor and producer
* [[Raj & DK|Krishna DK]] Indian filmmaker
* [[Utpal Borpujari]], filmmaker and film critic

===75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow===
====Grand Jury====
{{Small|Source:}}<ref name="jury">{{cite news|title=Filmmakers and artists from 19 states to be part of 75 Creative Minds of Tomorrow at 54th IFFI|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975841|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=9 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|archive-date=17 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117055221/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975841|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Playback Singer
* [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], Editor
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]], Actor
* Veera Kapur, Costume designer and make-up artist
* [[Priya Seth]], Cinematographer
* Saraswathi Vani Balgam, Animator, VFX artist and AR-VR developer
* [[Saleel Kulkarni]], Music composer
* [[Umesh Shukla]], Filmmaker
* [[Sabu Cyril]], Art director
* Aseem Arora, Screenwriter

====Selection Jury====
{{Small|Source:}}<ref name="jury"/>
* [[Manoj Tiger]], Actor
* Nidhi Hegde, Actress
* [[Abhishek Jain]], Filmmaker
* Manish Sharma, Filmmaker
* Charudutt Acharya, Screenwriter
* Deepak Kingrani, Screenwriter
* [[Charuvi Agrawal]], Animator, VFX artist and AR-VR developer
* Deepak Singh, Animator, VFX artist and AR-VR developer
* [[Naveen Nooli]], Editor
* Suresh Pai, Editor
* Dharam Gulati, Cinematographer
* Subhransu Das, Cinematographer
* [[Nachiket Barve]], Costume designer and make-up artist
* Bishakh Jyoti, Playback singer
* Anmol Bhave, Music composer
* Sabyasachi Bose, Art director

==Official selection==
;Sections
* [[#Gala Premiere|Gala Premiere]]
* [[#Kaleidoscope section|Kaleidoscope section]]
* [[#Golden Peacock Award|Golden Peacock Award]]
* [[#Films for debut competition|Films for debut competition]]
* [[#IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal|ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]]
* [[#Docu-Montage|Docu-Montage]]
* [[#Intergrade|Intergrade]]
* [[#Animation|Animation]]
* [[#Macabre Dreams|Macabre Dreams]]
* [[#Indian Panorama|Indian Panorama]]
** Feature films
** Mainstream Cinema Section
** Non-feature films
* [[#Indian Cinema 2023|Indian Cinema 2023]]
** Accessible India – Accessible Films
** Special screening
* [[#Cinema of the World|Cinema of the World]]
* [[#Restored Classics|Restored Classics]]
* [[#UNICEF @ IFFI|UNICEF @ IFFI]]

===Opening and closing films===
{{Small|Source:}}<ref name="iffi:variety">{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2023/film/news/catching-dust-the-featherweight-michael-douglas-goa-film-festival-1235781185/ |title= 'Catching Dust,' 'The Featherweight' to Bookend Goa Film Festival, Michael Douglas to Deliver Masterclass |author= Naman Ramachandran |work= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 7 November 2023 |access-date= 21 November 2023 |language= en |archive-date= 14 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231114060833/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/catching-dust-the-featherweight-michael-douglas-goa-film-festival-1235781185/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FF9966"|Opening films
|-
| 2023
| colspan="2"|''[[Catching Dust]]''
| Stuart Gatt
| United Kingdom
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FF4966"|Indian Panorama feature film
|-
| 2023
| colspan="2"|''[[Aattam]]''
| Anand Ekarshi
| India
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FF7966"|Indian Panorama non-feature film
|-
| 2023
| colspan="2"|''[[Andro Dreams]]''
| Longjam Meena Devi
| India
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FAB520"|Mid fest film
|-
| 2023
| ''[[About Dry Grasses]]''
| ''Kuru Otlar Üstüne''
| [[Nuri Bilge Ceylan]]
| Turkey, France, Germany
|-
! colspan="5" style="background:#FEE729"|Closing film
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[The Featherweight]]''
| Robert Kolodny
| United States
|-
|}

=== Gala Premiere ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Language
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Dear Jassi]]''
| [[Tarsem Singh]]
| Punjabi, English
|-
| ''[[Dhootha]]''
|
| [[Vikram Kumar]]
| Telugu
|-
| ''[[Dil Hai Gray]]''
|
| [[Susi Ganesan]]
| Hindi
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Farrey]]''
| Soumendra Padhi
| Hindi
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Gandhi Talks]]''
| [[Kishor Pandurang Belekar]]
| Silent
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Grey Games]]''
| Gangadhar Salimath
| Kannada
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Hurry Om Hurry]]''
| Nisarg Vaidya
| Gujarati
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Kadak Singh]]''
| [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]]
| Hindi
|-
| ''Rautu Ki Beli''
|
| Anand Surapur
| Hindi
|-
| colspan=2|[[The Village (2023 TV series)|''The Village'']]
| Milind Rau
| Tamil
|-
|}

=== Kaleidoscope section ===
18 films were shortlisted for screening under Kaleidoscope section.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iffigoa.org/international-cinema-curated-sections/festival-kaleidoscope/en|title=IFFI unveils its Festival Kaleidoscope|date=18 November 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|website=IFFI|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201044016/https://www.iffigoa.org/international-cinema-curated-sections/festival-kaleidoscope/en|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Anatomy of a Fall]]''
| ''Anatomie d'une chute''
| [[Justine Triet]]
| France
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Close Your Eyes (2023 film)|Close Your Eyes]]'' || ''Cerrar los ojos'' || [[Víctor Erice]] || Spain, Argentina
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Cobweb (2023 South Korean film)|Cobweb]]''
| ''거미집''
| [[Kim Jee-woon]]
| South Korea
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Concrete Utopia]]'' || ''콘크리트 유토피아'' || [[Um Tae-hwa]] || South Korea
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Elegies (film)|Elegies]]'' || 詩 || [[Ann Hui]] || Hong Kong
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Essential Truths of the Lake]]'' || || [[Lav Diaz]] || Denmark, Germany, Sweden, France, Philippines, Portugal, Singapore, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Eureka (2023 film)|Eureka]]'' || [[Lisandro Alonso]] || France, Germany, Mexico, Argentina, Portugal
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[How to Have Sex]]'' || [[Molly Manning Walker]] || United Kingdom
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Io capitano]]'' || [[Matteo Garrone]] || Italy, Belgium
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Lost in the Night]]'' ||''Perdidos en la noche''|| [[Amat Escalante]] || Mexico, Germany
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Memory (2023 film)|Memory]]'' || [[Michel Franco]] || Mexico, United States
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''MMXX'' || [[Cristi Puiu]] || Romania
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''Moro'' || [[Brillante Mendoza]] || Philippines
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Scrapper (2023 film)|Scrapper]]'' || [[Charlotte Regan]] || United Kingdom
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Snow Leopard (film)|Snow Leopard]]'' ||''雪豹''|| [[Pema Tseden]] || China
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[The Zone of Interest (film)|The Zone of Interest]]'' || [[Jonathan Glazer]] || United States, United Kingdom, Poland
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Upon Open Sky]]'' || ''A Cielo Abierto'' || Mariana Arriaga, Santiago Arriaga || Mexico, Spain
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Yannick (film)|Yannick]]'' || [[Quentin Dupieux]] || France
|-
|}

===[[Golden Peacock]] Award===
15 international and Indian fiction feature films competed for the [[Golden Peacock]] Award<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=15-films-from-across-globe-compete-for-prestigious-Golden-Peacock-Award-at-54th-International-Film-Festival-of-India&id=471951|title=15 films from across globe compete for prestigious Golden Peacock Award at 54th International Film Festival of India|date=26 November 2023|access-date=26 November 2023|publisher= News on Air|via=press release}}</ref>
:Highlighted title indicates award winner
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Andragogy (film)|Andragogy]]''
| ''Budi Pekerti''
| [[Wregas Bhanuteja]]
| Indonesia
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Blaga's Lessons]]''
| ''Уроците на Блага''
| [[Stephan Komandarev]]
| Bulgaria, Germany
|-
| 2023
| ''Bosnian Pot''
|
| Pavo Marinković
| Croatia
|-style="background:#eedd82"
| 2023
| ''Endless Borders''
|
| Abbas Amini
| Iran
|-
| 2023
| ''Hoffman's Fairy Tales''
|
| Tina Barkalaya
| Russia
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Lubo (film)|Lubo]]''
| [[Giorgio Diritti]]
| Italy, Switzerland
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Measures of Men]]''||''Der vermessene Mensch''
| [[Lars Kraume]]
| Germany
|-
| 2023
| ''Party of Fools''
|
| [[Arnaud des Pallières]]
| France
|-
| 2022
| ''[[The Other Widow]]''
| ''הפילגש''
| Ma'Ayan Rypp
| Israel
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Woman Of...]]''
| ''Kobieta z...''
| [[Małgorzata Szumowska]], [[Michał Englert]]
| Poland, Sweden
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Asog (film)|Asog]]''
|
| [[Seán Devlin]]
| Canada, Philippines
|-
| 2023
| ''Die Before Death''
| ''Umri prije smrti''
| Ahmed Imamovic
| Bosnia And Herzegovina
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
| ''ಕಾಂತಾರ''
| [[Rishab Shetty]]
| India
|-
| 2023
| ''Sanaa''
|
| [[Sudhanshu Saria]]
| India
|-
| 2022
| ''Mirbeen''
|
| Mridul Gupta
| India
|-
|}

===[[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Films for debut competition]]===

This competition category is a platform for upcoming filmmakers from India and abroad. Seven debut films were nominated in this category.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1979752|title=Seven films in race for ‘Best Debut Feature Film of Director Award’ at IFFI54|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=25 November 2023|access-date=26 November 2023|archive-date=26 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126040236/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1979752|url-status=live}}</ref>

:Highlighted title indicates award winner
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 2023
| ''Almost Entirely A Slight Disaster''
|
| Umut Subaşı
| Turkey
|-
| 2023
| ''Let Me Go''
|
| Maxime Rappaz
| Switzerland
|-
| 2023
| ''Ocarina''
|
| Alban Zogjani
| Albania
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Sleep (2023 film)|Sleep]]''
| 잠
| Jason Yu
| South Korea
|-style="background:#eedd82"
| 2022
| ''When The Seedlings Grow''
|
| Rêger Azad Kaya
| Syrian Arab Republic
|-
| 2023
| ''Dhai Aakhar''
|
| Parveen Arora
| India
|-
| 2023
| ''Iratta''
|
| Rohit M.G. Krishnan
| India
|-
|}

===[[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]]===
:Highlighted title indicates award winner

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 2022
| ''A House In Jerusalem''
|
| Muayad Alayan
| Palestine, UK, Germany, Netherlands, Qatar
|-
| 2023
| ''Citizen Saint''
|
| Tinatin Kajrishvili
| Georgia
|-style="background:#eedd82"
| 2023
| ''[[Drift (2023 film)|Drift]]''
|
| [[Anthony Chen]]
| UK, France, Greece
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Sira (film)|Sira]]''
| [[Apolline Traoré]]
| Burkina Faso, France, Germany, Senegal
|-
| 2022
| ''Kalev'' || || Ove Musting || Estonian, Russian
|-
| 2022
| ''[[The Prize (2023 film)|The Prize!]]'' || ''Onde Mande!'' || Paul Fauzan Agusta || Indonesia
|-
| 2022
| ''The Sugar Experiment'' || || John Tornblad || Sweden
|-
| 2023
| ''Mandali'' || || Rakesh Chaturvadi Om || India
|-
| 2022
| colspan=2|''[[Malikappuram]]'' || Vishnu Sasi Shankar || India
|-
| 2023
| ''Rabindra Kabya Rahasya'' || || [[Sayantan Ghosal]] || India
|-
|}

===Docu-Montage===

This section comprises documentaries & docu-drama.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''AI:African Intelligence''
|
| Manthia Diawara
| Portugal
|-
| ''And The King Said, What A Fantastic Machine''
|
| Axel Danielson, Maximilien Van Aertryck
| Sweden, Denmark
|-
| ''Casablanca''
|
| Adriano Valerio
| France, Italy
|-
| ''Luto''
|
| Andres Arochi Tinajero
| Mexico
|-
| ''Revenge: Our Dad The Nazi Killer''
|
| [[Danny Ben-Moshe]]
| Australia
|-
| ''Room 999''
| ''Chambre 999''
| Lubna Playoust
| France
|-
| ''Samuel and the Light''
| ''Samuel ea luz''
| Vinícius Girnys
| France
|-
| ''The Last Days Of Humanity''
| ''[[:it:Gli ultimi giorni dell'umanità|Gli Ultimi Giorni Dell'Umanità]]''
| [[Enrico Ghezzi]], Alessandro Gagliardo
| Italy
|-
| ''The Trial''
| ''El Juico''
| Ulises de la Orden
| Argentina
|-
| ''Vista Mare'' || || Julia Gutweniger, Florian Kofler || Austria
|-
|}

===Intergrade===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Divinity (film)|Divinity]]''
| [[Eddie Alcazar]]
| United States
|-
| colspan=2|''He Thought He Died''
| [[Isiah Medina]]
| Canada
|-
| colspan=2|''Knit's Island''
| Ekiem Barbier, Guilhem Causse, Quentin L’helgoualc’h
| France
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Once Within a Time]]''
| [[Godfrey Reggio]], [[Jon Kane]]
| United States
|-
| ''[[Omen (2023 film)|Omen]]''
| ''Augure''
| [[Baloji (rapper)|Baloji]]
| Belgium, Netherlands, Democratic Republic of Congo
|-
|}

===Animation===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
|''[[3 Little Kungpoo Goats]]''
|''The Gools''
| Kianoush Dalvand, Farzad Dalvand
| United Arab Emirates
|-
| colspan=2|''Bim''
| Tom Van Gestel
| Belgium
|-
| ''[[Four Souls of Coyote]]''
| ''Kojot négy lelke''
| Aron Gauder
| Hungary
|-
| ''Sirocco and the Kingdom of the Winds''
| ''Sirocco Et Le Royaume Des Courants D'Air''
| Benoit Chieux
| Belgium, France
|-
| ''[[The Other Shape]]''
| ''La otra forma''
| Diego Felipe Guzmán
| Colombia
|-
| ''[[The Peasants (2023 film)|The Peasants]]'' || ''Chłopi'' || [[Dorota Kobiela]], [[Hugh Welchman]]|| Poland, Serbia, Lithuania
|-
| ''[[:hu:Toldi (televíziós sorozat)|Toldi]]''
| Toldi
| [[Marcell Jankovics]]
| Hungary
|-
| colspan=2|''Little Singham Bahubali Friends'' || Ankur Chauhan || India
|-
| colspan=2|''Dr. Minestein'' || Sonali Jawale || India
|-
| colspan=2|''Prabho Shivaji Raja'' || Nilesh Muley || India
|-
| colspan=2|''Return of the Jungle'' || Vaibhav Kumaresh || India
|-
| colspan=2|''The Light'' || Team of Godlywood Studio || India
|-
|}

===Macabre Dreams===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''Lumberjack the Monster''
| ''Kaibutsu no Kikori''
| [[Takashi Miike]]
| Japan
|-
| ''Sorcery''
| ''Brujería''
| Christopher Murray
| Chile, Mexico, Germany
|-
| ''[[The Cuckoo's Curse|The Cuckoo’s Curse]]''
| ''El Cuco''
| [[:es:Mar Targarona|Mar Targarona]]
| Spain, Germany
|-
| ''[[We Have Never Been Modern (film)|We Have Never Been Modern]]''
| ''Úsvit''
| Matěj Chlupáček
| Czech Republic
|-
|}

=== Indian Panorama ===
In Indian Panorama feature and non-feature films of cinematic, thematic, and aesthetic excellence are selected for the promotion of film art through the non-profit screening of these films under different categories.<ref name="pib:ip">{{Cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1970040|title=Indian Panorama 2023 Announces Official Selection for 54th IFFI, 2023|date=23 October 2023|access-date=21 November 2023|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|via=press release|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121185238/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1970040|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Feature films ====
India's entry for the [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|2024 Academy Awards]], Malayalam-language film ''[[2018 (film)|2018]]'', was screened in the Indian Panorama 'Mainstream Cinema Section'. 25 Feature films reflecting the vibrancy and diversity of the Indian film Industry have been selected out of 408 contemporary films for screening.<ref name="pib:ip"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Producer(s)
|-
| ''Aaraariraaro''
| Kannada
| Sandeep Kumar V
| TMT Productions
|-
| ''[[Ardhangini (2023 film)|Ardhangini]]''
| Bengali
| [[Kaushik Ganguly]]
| [[Surinder Films]]
|-
| ''[[Aattam]]''
| Malayalam
| Anand Ekarshi
| Joy Movie Productions
|-
| ''Deep Fridge''
| Bengali
| [[Arjunn Dutta]]
| Colors of Dream Entertainment
|-
| ''Dhai Aakhar''
| Hindi
| Parveen Arora
| Kabir Communication
|-
| ''Iratta''
| Malayalam
| Rohit M.G. Krishnan
| Appu Attu Pappu Production House
|-
| ''Kaadhal Enbathu Pothu Udamai''
| Tamil
| Jayaprakash Radhakrishnan
| Mankind Cinema
|-
| ''[[Kaathal – The Core]]''
| Malayalam
| [[Jeo Baby]]
| Mammootty Kampany
|-
| ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
| Kannada
| [[Rishab Shetty]]
| [[Hombale Films]]
|-
|''[[Malikappuram]]'' ||Malayalam || Vishnu Sasi Shankar || Kavya Film Company
|-
| ''Mandali'' || Hindi || Rakesh Chaturvadi Om || Reltek
|-
| ''Mirbeen''
| Karbi
| Mridul Gupta
| Dhani Ram Tisso
|-
| ''[[Neela Nira Sooriyan]]''
| Tamil
| Samyuktha Vijayan
| Samyuktha Vijayan Film
|-
| ''[[Nna Thaan Case Kodu]]''
| Malayalam
| Ratheesh Balakrishna Poduval
| [[Udaya Studios]]
|-
| ''[[Pookkaalam]]''
| Malayalam
| Ganesh Raj
| CNC Cinemas
|-
| ''Rabindra Kabya Rahasya'' || Bengali || [[Sayantan Ghosal]] || Esskay Movies
|-
| ''Sanaa''
| Hindi
| [[Sudhanshu Saria]]
| Four Line
|-
| ''[[The Vaccine War]]''
| Hindi
| [[Vivek Agnihotri]]
| I am Buddha
|-
| ''[[Vadh (2022 film)|Vadh]]'' || Hindi || [[Jaspal Singh Sandhu]]|| [[Luv Films]]
|-
| ''[[Viduthalai Part 2]]'' || Tamil || [[Vetrimaaran]] ||[[RS Infotainment]]
|-
|}

==== Mainstream Cinema Section ====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Producer(s)
|-
| ''[[2018 (film)|2018]]''
| Malayalam
| [[Jude Anthany Joseph]]
| Kavya Film Company
|-
| ''[[Gulmohar (2023 film)|Gulmohar]]''
| Hindi
| Rahul V. Chittella
| [[Star Studios]]
|-
| ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
| Tamil
| [[Mani Ratnam]]
| [[Madras Talkies]]
|-
| ''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''
| Hindi
| Apoorv Singh Karki
| Zee Studio
|-
| ''[[The Kerala Story]]''
| Hindi
| Sudipto Sen
| Sunshine Pictures
|-
|}

==== Non-feature Films ====
20 Non-feature films selected in the 'Indian Panorama' are as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Title of the Film
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Director(s)
|-
| ''1947: Brexit India''
| English
| Sanjivan Lal
|-
| ''[[Andro Dreams]]''
| Manipuri
| [[Meena Longjam|Longjam Meena Devi]]
|-
| ''Baasan''
| Hindi
| Jitank Singh Gurjar
|-
| ''Back To The Future''
| English
| M.S. Bisht
|-
| ''Baruar Xongxar''
|Assamese
|[[Utpal Borpujari]]
|-
| ''Behrupiya - The Impersonator''
|Hindi
|Bhasker Vishwanathan
|-
| ''[[Bhangaar]]''
|Marathi
|Sumira Roy
|-
| ''Nansei Nilam'' (Changing Landscape)
|Tamil
|Pravin Selvam
|-
|''Chupi Roh''
|Dogri
|Disha Bhardwaj
|-
| ''[[Giddh (The Scavenger)]]''
| Hindi
| [[Manish Saini]]
|-
| ''Kathabor''
| Assamese
| Keshar Jyoti Das
|-
|''Lachit'' (The Warrior)
|Assamese
|Parthasarathi Mahanta
|-
|''Last Meet''
|Manipuri
|Waribam Dorendra Singh
|-
|''Life In Loom''
|Hindi, Tamil, Assamese, Bengali, English
|Edmond Ranson
|-
|''Mau: The Spirit Dreams Of Cheraw''
|Mizo
|Shilpika Bordoloi
|-
|''Pradakshina''
|Marathi
|Prathamesh Mahale
|-
|''Sadabahar''
|Konkani
|Suyash Kamat
|-
|''Sri Rudram''
|Malayalam
|Ananda Jyothi
|-
|''The Sea & Seven Villages''
|Oriya
|Himansu Sekhar Khatua
|-
|''Utsavmurti''
|Marathi
|Abhijeet Arvind
|}

===Indian Cinema 2023===

====Accessible India – Accessible Films====

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Language
|-
| 2021
| colspan=2|''[[83 (film)|83]]''
| [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]
| Hindi, English
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Sirf Ek Bandaa Kaafi Hai]]''
| Apoorv Singh Karki
| Hindi
|-
| 2021
| colspan=2|''[[Shershaah]]''
| [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]]
| Hindi
|-
| 2013
| colspan=2|''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
| [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]]
| Hindi
|-
|}

====Special screening====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Language
|-
| colspan=2|''Gond Janjati Ki Veerangana Rani Durgawati''
| Ashok Sharan
| Hindi
|-
|}

===Cinema of the World===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| ''A Golden Life''
|
| Boubacar Sangaré
| Burkina Faso
|-
| ''[[:es:El viento que arrasa (película de 2023)|A Ravaging Wind]]''
| ''El viento que arrasa''
| [[Paula Hernández]]
| Argentina, Uruguay
|-
| ''[[A Real Job]]''
| Un métier sérieux
| [[Thomas Lilti]]
| France
|-
| ''A Strange Path'' || || Guto Parente || Brazil
|-
| ''Adentro'' || || Javier Solórzano Casarin || Mexico
|-
| ''Adiós Buenos Aires'' || || German Kral || Argentina
|-
| ''Alemania'' || || María Zanetti || Argentina, Spain
|-
| ''[[Ali Topan]]'' || || Sidharta Tata || Indonesia
|-
| ''[[All to Play For]]'' || ''Rien à perdre'' || Delphine Deloget || France
|-
| ''All Will Be Revealed'' ||''Arbeitstitel Der Totengräber im Buchsbaum'' || [[Peter Keglevic]] || Austria
|-
| ''Another Day Of Hope'' || || Taifeng Liu || China
|-
| ''Antarctica Calling'' || ''Voyage au pôle Sud'' || [[Luc Jacquet]] || France
|-
| ''Aziz'' || || Majid Tavakoli || Iran
|-
| ''Bela América'' || || [[António Ferreira (filmmaker)|António Ferreira]] || Portugal
|-
| colspan=2|''Blind At Heart'' || [[Barbara Albert]] || Germany, Switzerland
|-
| colspan=2|''Brand Bollywood Downunder'' || [[Anupam Sharma]] || Australia
|-
| ''Blockade'' || ''Blokád'' || Adam Toser || Hungary
|-
| ''Ceylin'' || || Tufan Simsekcan|| Turkey
|-
| ''Children of God'' || || Joan Girbau Xalabarder || Spain
|-
| ''Chronicles Of A Wandering Saint'' || Crónicas De Una Santa Errante || Tomás Gómez Bustillo||Argentina
|-
| ''Clap Your Hands'' || Xing Fu Zhi Lu || Zhu Jie || China
|-
| ''[[Comandante (2023 film)|Comandante]]'' || || Edoardo De Angelis || Italy
|-
| ''Dancing on the Edge of a Volcano'' || || Cyril Aris || Germany, Lebanon
|-
| ''Dauren's Wedding'' || || Lim Chan-ik || South Korea
|-
| colspan=2|''Dignity'' || Dimitris Katsimiris || Greece
|-
| ''Endless Summer Syndrome'' || ''Le Syndrome de L'été Sans Fin'' || Kaveh Daneshmand || Czech Republic
|-
| ''Extra Lesson'' || ''Dopolnitelnyy Urok'' || Anna Kurbatova || Russian Federation
|-
| ''[[Family Album (2023 film)|Family Album]]'' || ''Temas Propios'' || [[Guillermo Rocamora]] || Uruguay
|-
| colspan=2|''Fereshteh'' || Morteza Atashzamzam || Bangladesh
|-
| colspan=2|''Fez Summer '55'' || Abdelhai Laraki || Morocco
|-
| ''Fight Like A Girl'' || || Matthew Leutwyler || Rwanda
|-
| ''Flaming Cloud'' ||San Gui Qing Shi || Liu Siyi || China
|-
| ''Fog'' ||Tuman || Natalia Gugueva || Russian Federation
|-
| colspan=2|''Fortune For All'' || Yao Ramesar || Trinidad and Tobago
|-
| ''Fragile Blood'' ||''Zilās asinis'' || Una Celma || Latvia
|-
| colspan=2|''Franky Five Star'' || Birgit Möller || Germany
|-
|''[[:ja:世界の終わりから|From The End Of The World]]'' ||''Sekai no owarikara''|| [[Kazuaki Kiriya]] || Japan
|-
| colspan=2|''Giants Of Easter Island'' || Dover Kosashvili || Israel
|-
| colspan=2|''God’s Gift''|| Asel Zhuraeva|| Kyrgyzstan
|-
| colspan=2|''[[:it:Golia (film)|GOL!ATH]]''|| Roberto Marra, Stefano Salvatori || Italy
|-
| ''Good Autumn, Mommy''|| || Shizhong Chen || China
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Homecoming (2023 film)|Homecoming]]''|| [[Catherine Corsini]]|| France
|-
| colspan=2|''Hotel Pula''|| Andrej Korovljev || Croatia
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Hungry Ghost Diner]]''|| We Jun Cho || Malaysia
|-
| colspan=2| ''Iman'' || Kyriacos Tofarides and Corinna Avraamidou || Cyprus
|-
| colspan=2|''Insular''|| Héctor Manuel Valdez || Dominican Republic
|-
| colspan=2|''L'Anima In Pace''|| Ciro Formisano || Italy
|-
| colspan=2|''Latido''|| Katina Medina Mora || México
|-
| colspan=2|''Life''|| Emir Baigazin || Kazakhstan
|-
| colspan=2|''Lonely Yurt''|| Begars Yelubaev || Kazakhstan
|-
| ''Lost Country'' || || Vladimir Perišić || Serbia, France, Luxemburg, Croatia
|-
| colspan=2|''Lucette''|| Mburucuya Victoria Fleitas & Oscar Javier Ayala || Paraguay
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Malqueridas]]''|| Tana Gilbert || Chile, Germany
|-
|''[[Night Courier|Mandoob]]''
|مندوب الليل|| Ali Kalthami || Saudi Arabia
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Melody (2023 film)|Melody]]''|| [[Behrouz Sebt Rasoul]] || Tajikistan
|-
| colspan=2|''Mighty Afrin: In The Time Of Floods''|| Angelos Rallis || Greece, France
|-
| colspan=2|''Mommy's Lambie''|| Umut Evirgen || | Turkey
|-
| colspan=2|''Montevideo Unit''|| Tatyana Lyutaeva || Russian Federation
|-
| colspan=2|''Mountain Onion''|| Eldar Shibanov || Kazakhstan
|-
| colspan=2|''My Aunt Gilma''|| Alexandra Henao || Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic
|-
| colspan=2|''Not A Word''|| Hanna Slak || Germany
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Once Upon a Time in the Andes]]''|| Rómulo Sulca || Peru
|-
| colspan=2|''Öte''|| Malik Isasis & Esra Saydam || United States
|-
| ''Palimpsest'' || || Hanna Västinsalo || Finland
|-
| ''Rain Town'' || || Tunku Mona Riza Tunku Khalid || Malaysia
|-
| colspan=2|''[[Seagrass (film)|Seagrass]]'' || [[Meredith Hama-Brown]] || Canada
|-
| ''[[Seneca – On the Creation of Earthquakes]]'' || ''Seneca – Oder: Über die Geburt von Erdbeben'' || [[Robert Schwentke]] || Germany
|-
| ''Seventh Heaven'' || || Jasna Nanut || Croatia
|-
| ''[[Shame on Dry Land]]'' || ''Syndabocken'' || Axel Petersén || Sweden, Malta
|-
| colspan=2|''Sharp Wounds''|| Mariana Musalem Ramos|| Mexico
|-
| colspan=2|''Sima's Unfinished Narration''|| Alireza Samadi Samadi|| Iran
|-
| colspan=2|''Snowstorm''|| Sabit Kurmanbekov|| Kazakhstan
|-
| colspan=2|''Stepne''|| [[Maryna Vroda]]|| Ukraine, Germany, Poland, Slovakia
|-
| colspan=2|''Suffocated''|| Luciano Podcaminsky|| Argentina, Costa Rica
|-
|''Sunday'' || ''[[Yakshanba]]'' || Shokir Kholikov|| Uzbekistan
|-
| ''The Accident'' || || Bruno Carboni || Brazil
|-
| ''The Beautiful Summer'' || || [[Laura Luchetti]]|| Italy
|-
| ''The Bubble'' || || Miguel Angel Rocca || Argentina
|-
| ''The Chapel'' || || Dominique Deruddere || Belgium
|-
| ''The Drunk'' || || André Marques || Portugal
|-
| ''The Fisherman's Daughter'' || || Edgar de Luque Jácome || Colombia
|-
| ''The Gospel Of The Beast'' || || Sheron Dayoc || Philippines
|-
| ''The Invisible Steps Through Latin America'' || || Johnny Mauricio González Zuñiga || Costa Rica
|-
| ''The Land Where Winds Stood Still'' || || Ardak Amirkulov || Kazakhstan
|-
| ''The Last Birthday'' || || Navid Mahmoudi || Afghanistan
|-
| ''The Punishment'' || || Matías Bize || Chile
|-
| ''The Reeds'' || || Cemil Ağacıkoğlu || Turkey, Bulgaria
|-
| ''Thiiird'' || || Karim Kassem || Lebanon
|-
| ''This Place'' || || V. T. Nayani || Canada
|-
| ''Three Sparks'' || || Naomi Uman || Albania
|-
| ''Thunders'' || ||Ioane Bobeica || Moldova
|-
| ''[[Toll (film)|Toll]]'' || ''Pedágio'' || [[Carolina Markowicz]] || Brazil, Portugal
|-
| ''Twenty20'' || || Wong Kwang Han || Singapore
|-
| ''Toxic'' || || Stefan Vorzacek || Czech Republic
|-
| ''[[Pravednik|Tzadik]]'' || ''Праведник'' || [[Sergei Ursuliak]] || Russia
|-
| colspan=2|''Under The Naked Sky'' || Lilian Sijbesma || Netherlands
|-
| colspan=2|''Wake Me'' || Marko Santic|| Slovenia
|-
| colspan=2|''Wheatfield'' || Anabel Caso|| Mexico
|-
| colspan=2|''Whispering Mountains'' || Jagath Manuwarna|| Sri Lanka
|-
| colspan=2|''Wild'' || Shahrareh Soroosh || Iran
|-
| colspan=2|''When Fucking Spring Is In The Air'' || Danyael Sugawara || Netherlands, Belgium, Germany
|-
|}
The [[Melody (2023 film)|Melody]] movie, written, directed, produced, and edited by [[Behrouz Sebt Rasoul]], was selected as the Tajik entry for the [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]] at the [[96th Academy Awards]],<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-08-10 |title='Melody' chosen to represent Tajikistan for 2024 Oscars |url=https://www.dreamlabfilms.com/melodychosen-to-represent-tajikistan-for-2024-oscars/ |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=DreamLab Films |language=en-US |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902030530/https://www.dreamlabfilms.com/melodychosen-to-represent-tajikistan-for-2024-oscars/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Restored classics===

The birth centenary of actor [[Dev Anand]] is celebrated with restored versions of some of his classics.<ref name="rc:variety">{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/dev-anand-centenary-restored-classics-guide-johny-mera-naam-1235717449/ |title= 'Gregory Peck of India' Dev Anand's Centenary to be Celebrated With Restored Classics Theatrical Release (EXCLUSIVE) |author= Naman Ramachandran |work= [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 10 September 2023 |access-date= 22 November 2023 |language= en |archive-date= 22 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122032908/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/dev-anand-centenary-restored-classics-guide-johny-mera-naam-1235717449/ |url-status= live }}</ref> There are three internationally restored films also in this section.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/iffis-restored-classics-section-to-feature-7-world-premieres/articleshow/105020506.cms|title=Iffi's Restored Classics Section To Feature 7 World Premieres|date=7 November 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|newspaper=Times of India|archive-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122034351/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/iffis-restored-classics-section-to-feature-7-world-premieres/articleshow/105020506.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Four regional films are also screened in this section.<ref name="rc:tel">{{Cite web |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/international-film-festival-of-india-2023-indian-and-international-classics-to-be-screened-under-restored-classics-section/cid/1981997 |title= International Film Festival of India 2023: Indian and international classics to be screened under Restored Classics section |author= Agnivo Niyogi |website= The Telegraph |date= 23 November 2023 |access-date= 24 November 2023 |language= en |archive-date= 24 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231124091949/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/international-film-festival-of-india-2023-indian-and-international-classics-to-be-screened-under-restored-classics-section/cid/1981997 |url-status= live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 1962
| ''[[Bees Saal Baad (1962 film)|Bees Saal Baad]]''
|
| [[Biren Nag]]
| India
|-
| 1937
| ''[[Vidyapati (film)|Bidyapati]]''
|
| [[Debaki Bose]]
| India
|-
| 1974
| ''[[Chorus (1974 film)|Chorus]]''
|
| [[Mrinal Sen]]
| India
|-
| 1965
| ''[[Guide (film)|Guide]]''
|
| [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]]
| India
|-
| 1964
| ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]''
|
| [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]]
| India
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Pathala Bhairavi]]''
|
| [[K. V. Reddy]]
| India
|-
| 1965
| ''[[Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors]]''
| ''Тіні забутих предків''
| [[Sergei Parajanov]]
| Ukraine
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Shyamchi Aai (film)|Shyamchi Aai]]''
| ''श्यामची आई''
| [[Pralhad Keshav Atre|P. K. Atre]]
| India
|-
| 1973
| colspan=2|''[[The Exorcist]]''
| [[William Friedkin]]
| USA
|-
| 1990
| ''[[:hu:Szürkület (film)|Twilight]]''
| ''Szürkület''
| [[György Fehér]]
| Hungary
|-
|}

===UNICEF @ IFFI===
{{small|Source:}}<ref name="uni:hindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2023-five-films-screened-as-part-of-specially-curated-section-in-partnership-with-unicef/article67578975.ece|title=IFFI 2023 {{!}} Five films screened as part of specially curated section in partnership with UNICEF|date=27 November 2023|access-date=27 November 2023|newspaper=The Hindu|archive-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127140755/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffi-2023-five-films-screened-as-part-of-specially-curated-section-in-partnership-with-unicef/article67578975.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/491473/Iranian-directors-represent-six-countries-at-International-Film|title=Iranian directors represent six countries at International Film Festival of India|date=17 November 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|website=[[Tehran Times]]|language=en|archive-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118073307/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/491473/Iranian-directors-represent-six-countries-at-International-Film|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-bottom:4px"
|-
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | English title
!scope="col" | Original title
!scope="col" | Director(s)
!scope="col" | Production countrie(s)
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Damu (film)|Damu]]''
| ''দামু''
| [[Raja Sen]]
| India
|-
| 2023
| ''For the Sake of Ava''
|
| Mohsen Seraji
| Iran
|-
| 2023
| colspan=2|''[[Gandhi & Co.]]''
| [[Manish Saini]]
| India
|-
| 2022
| ''Peacock Lament''
|
| [[Sanjeewa Pushpakumara]]
| Sri Lanka
|-
| 2022
| ''Singo''
|
| Alireza Mohammadi Rouzbahany
| Iran
|-
|}

==Awards and winners==
[[File:StefanKomandarev.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Stephan Komandarev]], [[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director]] award for ''[[Blaga's Lessons]]'']]

[[File:Mélanie Thierry Déjeuner César 2018.jpg|thumb|150px|[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)|Best Actress]]: [[Mélanie Thierry]] for ''Party of Fools'']]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Recipient !! Country!!Ref.
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#eedd82|[[IFFI Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award|Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award]]}}
|-
|[[File:Michael Douglas César 2016 3.jpg|thumb|160px]]||'''[[Michael Douglas]]'''||[[United States]]
|<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1980531|title=Winners at IFFI54|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=29 November 2023|access-date=29 November 2023|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216134127/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1980531|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#eedd82|[[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award|Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema Award]]}}
|-
|[[File:Madhuri Dixit at Valuable Group Virtual BMC School initiative launch.jpg|thumb|200px]]||'''[[Madhuri Dixit]]'''||India
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Winner(s)
! Work/ director
! Ref.
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#eedd82|[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock (Best Film)]]}}
|-
| ''Endless Borders''
| Abbas Amini
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#eedd82|[[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director]]}}
|-
| [[Stephan Komandarev]]
| ''[[Blaga's Lessons]]''
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Male)|Best Actor]]}}
|-
|Pouria Rahimi Sam
| ''Endless Borders''
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI Best Actor Award (Female)|Best Actress]]}}
|-
| [[Mélanie Thierry]]
| ''Party of Fools''
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI Best Debut Director Award|Best Debut Film of a Director]]}}
|-
| ''When The Seedlings Grow''
| Rêger Azad Kaya
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI Special Jury Award and Special Mention|Special Jury Award]]}}
|-
| [[Rishab Shetty]]
| ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]''
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal|ICFT UNESCO Gandhi Medal]]}}
|-
| ''[[Drift (2023 film)|Drift]]''
| [[Anthony Chen]]
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
!colspan =4|{{Award category|#ffdd82|[[IFFI Best Web Series (OTT) Award|Best Web Series Award]]}}
|-
| ''[[Panchayat (TV series)|Panchayat Season 2]]''
| Deepak Kumar Mishra
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of film festivals in India]]
* [[52nd International Film Festival of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website|https://iffigoa.org/}}

{{International Film Festival of India|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:International Film Festival of India, 54th}}
[[Category:2023 film festivals]]
[[Category:2023 festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:International Film Festival of India|54]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cinema]]

Hoshangabad

2026-01-18T16:42:32Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: typo fix

{{About|Hoshangabad in India|its namesake district|Hoshangabad district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| other_name = Narmadapuram
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Sethanighataman.jpg
| photo1b = Narmadapuram2004.jpg
| photo2a = Narmadapuram2003.jpg
| photo2b = Ghatviewaman2003.jpg
| photo3a = Chauragarh temple.jpg
| spacing = 2
| position = Up
| color_border = Green
| color = Pink
| size = 300
| foot_montage =Clockwise from top left [[Sethani ghat]],Tawa Resort, [[Pachmarhi]], Bank Of Narmada, Chauragarh Temple in Hoshangabad
}}
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|22.75|N|77.72|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Ward
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh.svg|Emblem of Madhya Pradesh}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hoshangabad district|Hoshangabad]]
| subdivision_name3 = 34 wards
| subdivision_type4 = [[Administrative division|Division]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Narmadapuram division|Narmadapuram]]
| named_for = [[Narmada]]
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = Narmadapuram Municipal Corporation
| leader_party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Sitasharan Sharma]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 278
| population_total = 117,988
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="DHCB_2011"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 17
| population_demonym = Hoshangabadi, Narmadapuram Nivasi
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code = 461001
| area_code = 07574
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MP-05
| blank4_name_sec1 = Avg. high temperature
| blank4_info_sec1 = {{convert|31.7|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec1 = Avg. low temperature
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{convert|18.6|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|https://narmadapuram.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hoshangabad''' ([[Hindi]]: {{IPA|hi|ɦoːʃə̃ŋɡɑːbɑːd|IPA}}), officially '''Narmadapuram''' ({{IPA|hi|nəɾmədɑːəpʊɾəm|}}),<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Narmadapuram, Government of Madhyapradesh {{!}} India |url=https://narmadapuram.nic.in/en/history/ |access-date=25 November 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> is a city in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It serves as the headquarters of both [[Hoshangabad district]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} District Narmadapuram, Government of Madhyapradesh {{!}} India |url=https://narmadapuram.nic.in/en/history/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Narmadapuram division]]. It is located in [[central India]], on the south bank of the [[Narmada River]]. Hoshangabad is {{cvt|76.7|km}} from the capital of Madhya Pradesh and the nearest airport [[Bhopal]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hoshangabad {{!}} Tawa River, Narmada Valley, Madhya Pradesh {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hoshangabad |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250805053121/https://www.britannica.com/place/Hoshangabad |archive-date=5 August 2025 |access-date=25 November 2025 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The city was earlier called Narmadapur after the [[Narmada]] river.<ref name="DHCB_2011" /> Later the name was changed to Hoshangabad after [[Hoshang Shah|Hoshang Shah Gori]], the first ruler of [[Malwa Sultanate]]. Hoshangabad district was part of the [[Nerbudda Division|Nerbudda (Narmada) Division]] of the [[Central Provinces and Berar]], which became the state of Madhya Bharat (later [[Madhya Pradesh]]) after India's independence in 1947.<ref>Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 6. 1908-1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford</ref>

The city was renamed to Narmadapuram in March 2021.<ref name="Name">{{cite news |title=Hoshangabad is now Narmadapuram after Centre approves MP government's name-change proposal |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-hoshangabad-is-now-narmadapuram-after-centre-approves-mp-government-s-name-change-proposal-2932387/amp |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=DNA |date=5 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MP: Private Bill to rename Hoshangabad district passed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mp-private-bill-to-rename-hoshangabad-district-passed-7216338/ |access-date=6 March 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |first1=Iram |last1=Siddique |date=6 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
Hoshangabad is located at {{Coord|22.75|N|77.72|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Hoshangabad.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Hoshangabad, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{cvt|278|m}}.

===Climate===
The climate of [[Hoshangabad district]] is typically that of Central India. Being close to the Tropic of Cancer, there is a hot, dry summer with maximum temperature of 40 - 42 degrees Celsius (April - June). This is followed by the monsoons with copious rainfall. The winters are dry and mild (November to February). An average height from the sea level is {{cvt|331|m}} and average rainfall is {{cvt|134|cm}}.

{{Weather box
| location = Hoshangabad (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 33.0
| Feb record high C = 37.8
| Mar record high C = 44.0
| Apr record high C = 46.0
| May record high C = 47.1
| Jun record high C = 47.7
| Jul record high C = 43.2
| Aug record high C = 37.5
| Sep record high C = 40.4
| Oct record high C = 39.6
| Nov record high C = 36.1
| Dec record high C = 33.5
| year record high C = 47.7
| Jan high C = 25.8
| Feb high C = 28.9
| Mar high C = 34.8
| Apr high C = 40.0
| May high C = 42.0
| Jun high C = 37.8
| Jul high C = 31.1
| Aug high C = 29.5
| Sep high C = 31.9
| Oct high C = 33.5
| Nov high C = 31.0
| Dec high C = 27.9
| year high C = 32.8
| Jan low C = 12.0
| Feb low C = 14.1
| Mar low C = 18.3
| Apr low C = 23.1
| May low C = 27.0
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 24.3
| Aug low C = 23.6
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 19.9
| Nov low C = 16.2
| Dec low C = 12.4
| year low C = 20.0
| Jan record low C = 1.0
| Feb record low C = 3.8
| Mar record low C = 8.2
| Apr record low C = 11.7
| May record low C = 13.4
| Jun record low C = 15.5
| Jul record low C = 15.7
| Aug record low C = 15.9
| Sep record low C = 15.7
| Oct record low C = 9.4
| Nov record low C = 2.2
| Dec record low C = 2.8
| year record low C = 1.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 7.9
| Feb rain mm = 13.4
| Mar rain mm = 7.3
| Apr rain mm = 4.6
| May rain mm = 11.6
| Jun rain mm = 138.5
| Jul rain mm = 451.0
| Aug rain mm = 419.9
| Sep rain mm = 214.8
| Oct rain mm = 27.4
| Nov rain mm = 13.8
| Dec rain mm = 4.3
| year rain mm = 1314.5
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 0.9
| Mar rain days = 0.8
| Apr rain days = 0.4
| May rain days = 1.5
| Jun rain days = 7.2
| Jul rain days = 15.6
| Aug rain days = 16.1
| Sep rain days = 9.2
| Oct rain days = 1.8
| Nov rain days = 0.8
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 55.6
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 50
| Feb humidity = 40
| Mar humidity = 27
| Apr humidity = 19
| May humidity = 23
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 83
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 53
| Nov humidity = 50
| Dec humidity = 47
| year humidity = 49
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = 8 April 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Hoshangabad Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 327–328
| access-date = 29 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M119
| access-date = 29 December 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Hoshangabad has a population of 117,988; including 61,716 males and 56,272 females. It has an average literacy rate of 87.01%, higher than the national average: male literacy is 91.79%, and female literacy is 81.79%.<ref name="DHCB_2011">[http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/23/2332_PART_A_DCHB_HOSHANGABAD.pdf Hoshangabad District Census Handbook]</ref>

{{See also|List of cities in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Hoshangabad
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|75}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|20}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|3.7}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|1.3}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.2%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).
}}

==Notable people==


* [[Raj Chandra Bose]] - mathematician
* [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi]] - poet, writer, essayist and playwright
* [[Manav Kaul]] - actor
* [[Praveen Morchhale]] - film director
* [[Harishankar Parsai]] - satirist and humourist of modern Hindi literature
* [[Nitesh Tiwari]] - film director

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://narmadapuramdivisionmp.nic.in/जिले-के-बारे-में/ About Narmadapuram Division]
* [http://eklavya.in/go/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=12&id=52&Itemid=74 Hoshanhabad Science Teaching Program (HSTP)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707172128/https://eklavya.in/go/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=12&id=52&Itemid=74 |date=7 July 2020 }}
*[https://hoshangabad.nic.in/ Official Website of Hoshangabad (Narmadapuram) District]
*[http://www.prd.mp.gov.in/PanchParmeshwar/OfficePayment/Office_Dashboard.aspx?DID=Mzc=&LBID=MA== Official Website of Jila Panchayat Hoshangabad]

{{Narmadapuram Division}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hoshangabad| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Hoshangabad district]]
[[Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh]]

Kandivali Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:11:25Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: new...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kandivali
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1978
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 499,198
| mla = P. U. Mehta
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Kandivali Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Upadhyaya Hasmukhbhai Vasantray || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || A. K. Shah || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 | Chandrakant Gosalia || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || Madhav Marathe || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Mehta Pradhuman Umiyashankar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || P. U. Mehta
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=P. U. Mehta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=107,851 |percentage=48.73% |change={{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jai Prakash Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=93,731 |percentage=42.35% |change={{decrease}}4.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Aslam Ramzan Ali |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=11,722 |percentage=5.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagdish Badole |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,803 |percentage=1.27% |change={{increase}}0.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kondvilkar Sandesh Laxman |party=Lok Rajya Party |votes=1,774 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Salma Salim Almelkar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,519 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,120 |percentage=6.38% |change= {{increase}}4.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=221,323 |percentage=44.33% |change= {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 499,198 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mehta Pradhuman Umiyashankar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=79,560 |percentage=48.23% |change={{increase}}11.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaiprakash Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=77,222 |percentage=46.81% |change={{increase}}1.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Sambhaji Kasavkar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,763 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,338 |percentage=1.42% |change= {{decrease}}6.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=164,971 |percentage=37.51% |change= {{decrease}}11.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 428,579 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Madhav Marathe |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=91,511 |percentage=45.12% |change={{increase}}14.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Gosalia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=75,510 |percentage=37.23% |change={{decrease}}2.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadav Girjashankar Mohanlal |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=16,864 |percentage=8.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Soni Thakur Prasad |party=Janata Dal |votes=3,955 |percentage=1.95% |change={{decrease}}22.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shivprasad Ramji Soni |party=Janata Party |votes=2,414 |percentage=1.19% |change={{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gotecha Shirish Dwarkadas |party=Independent politician |votes=1,874 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narender Singh Avtar Singh Bakshi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,561 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,001 |percentage=7.89% |change= {{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=202,813 |percentage=49.56% |change= {{increase}}2.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 402,379 |ref = |change= {{increase}}46.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.29 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Gosalia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=52,725 |percentage=39.83% |change={{decrease}}11.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ratnakar Kamat |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=40,618 |percentage=30.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhagwatibhai Navnitlal Shroff |party=Janata Dal |votes=32,880 |percentage=24.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Choudhary Razzak Chane |party=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes=1,966 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,107 |percentage=9.15% |change= {{decrease}}10.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=132,378 |percentage=47.50% |change= {{increase}}6.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 275,220 |ref = |change= {{increase}}47.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Gosalia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,662 |percentage=50.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hansmukh Vasantrai Upadhyay |party=Janata Party |votes=23,993 |percentage=30.81% |change={{increase}}7.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Avinash Govind Mohite |party=Independent politician |votes=6,195 |percentage=7.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Tajmohamed Ibrahim |party=Independent politician |votes=4,672 |percentage=6.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lalai Ramdeo Yadav |party=Lokdal |votes=1,641 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,669 |percentage=20.12% |change= {{increase}}14.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,875 |percentage=41.07% |change= {{increase}}7.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 186,764 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.55 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}12.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=A. K. Shah |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=19,763 |percentage=38.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. M. Mehta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,892 |percentage=32.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. V. Upadhyaya |party=Janata Party |votes=11,800 |percentage=22.96% |change={{decrease}}53.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. D. Parmar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,342 |percentage=2.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. B. Gupta |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes=412 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,871 |percentage=5.59% |change= {{decrease}}50.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,389 |percentage=33.59% |change= {{decrease}}15.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,161 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.69 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}37.68 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kandivali<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Upadhyaya Hasmukhbhai Vasantray |party=Janata Party |votes=52,446 |percentage=76.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryakant Matliya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,565 |percentage=19.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Leo Andrew Rabello |party=Independent politician |votes=1,643 |percentage=2.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,881 |percentage=56.44% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,883 |percentage=48.65% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,069 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

VL-SRSAM

2025-12-30T18:48:33Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian surface to air missile series}}
{{for|the air-to-air variant of the missile|Astra (missile)|}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = VL-SRSAM
| image = VL-SRSAM tested from vertical launch system.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption = VL-SRSAM being tested from vertical launch system by [[DRDO]] and [[Indian Navy]].
| type = [[Surface-to-air missile]]
| origin = India

| is_missile = yes
<-- Service history -->
| service = {{start date|2022}}
| used_by = [[Indian Navy]]
| wars = 
| designer = [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Dynamics Limited]]
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| variants =
| engine = [[Solid-propellant rocket]]
| spec_label =
| weight = {{cvt|170|kg}}
| length = {{cvt|3.80|m}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rahmat |first1=Ridzwan |title=India validates close-range interception capabilities of VL-SRSAM |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/industry/india-validates-close-range-interception-capabilities-of-vl-srsam |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=Janes Information Services |date=27 March 2025}}</ref>
| width =
| height =
| diameter = {{cvt|178|mm}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Vertically Launched - Short - Range Surface To Air Missile |url=https://bdl-india.in/VLSRSAM |website=Bharat Dynamics Limited |access-date=30 December 2025}}</ref>

| filling = [[High-explosive]] pre-[[Fragmentation (weaponry)|fragmented]] [[HMX]]/[[Polyurethane|PU]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aroor |first1=Shiv |title=How India's ASTRA Air-To-Air Missile Is Quietly Killing It |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2018/03/how-indias-astra-air-to-air-missile-is-quietly-killing-it.html |website=Livefist Defence |date=24 March 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kajal |first1=Kapil |title=Aero India 2023: BDL displays VL-SRSAM |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/weapons/aero-india-2023-bdl-displays-vl-srsam |access-date=4 April 2025 |agency=Janes Information Services |date=16 February 2023}}</ref>
| filling_weight = {{cvt|15|kg}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aroor |first1=Shiv |title=How India's ASTRA Air-To-Air Missile Is Quietly Killing It |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2018/03/how-indias-astra-air-to-air-missile-is-quietly-killing-it.html |website=Livefist Defence |access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref>
| detonation = [[Radio proximity fuze]]
| yield = 
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range = {{cvt|80|km|mi}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Ministry Of Defence - Year end review 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1989502 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222134700/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1989502 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rout |first1=Hemant Kumar |title=Surface-to-air missile VL-SRSAM successfully flight-tested by DRDO |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2025/Mar/27/surface-to-air-missile-vl-srsam-successfully-flight-tested-by-drdo |access-date=27 March 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=27 March 2025}}</ref>
| speed = [[Mach number|Mach]] 4<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rahmat |first1=Ridzwan |title=India validates close-range interception capabilities of VL-SRSAM |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/industry/india-validates-close-range-interception-capabilities-of-vl-srsam |access-date=28 March 2025 |publisher=Janes Information Services |date=27 March 2025}}</ref>
| guidance = '''Mid-course:''' [[Fibre-optic gyroscope|FOG]]-[[inertial navigation system|INS]] + [[mid-course update]] via [[datalink]]. '''Terminal:''' [[Active radar homing|ARH]]

| wingspan = {{cvt|508|mm}}
| propellant = [[Solid fuel]]
| ceiling =
| altitude = {{convert|16|km|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-25 |title=VL-SRSAM missile system successfully test-fired |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/vl-srsam-missile-system-successfully-test-fired-7989717/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
| accuracy =
| launch_platform = Surface Ship
}}

The '''Vertical Launch – Short Range Surface to Air Missile''', or '''VL-SRSAM''' is a quick reaction [[surface-to-air missile]] developed by the Indian [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO).<ref name="rout_NIE_1">{{cite news |last1=Rout |first1=Hemant K |date=22 February 2021 |title=Maiden test of Vertically Launched SRSAM from ITR off Odisha coast likely today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/feb/22/maiden-test-of-vertically-launched-srsam-from-itr-off-odisha-coast-likely-today-2267271.html |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |agency=}}</ref>

During mid-course flight, the missile uses [[fibre-optic gyroscope]] based [[inertial guidance]] mechanism while in terminal phase uses [[active radar homing]]. With lock on before launch (LOBL) and [[Lock-on after launch|lock on after launch]] (LOAL) capability, the missile receives [[mid-course update]] via [[datalink]]. VL-SRSAM intended to replace older [[Barak 1]] surface to air missile system onboard Indian Navy warships.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=DRDO conducts first launch of the VL-SRSAM|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/02/22/drdo-conducts-first-launch-of-vl-srsam.html|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Week|language=en}}</ref> It will also be used as short range air defence system for Indian Air Force.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Feb 22, 2021|title=DRDO successfully launches VL-SRSAM twice {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/drdo-successfully-launches-vl-srsam-twice/articleshow/81157352.cms|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Design==

VL-SRSAM is based on [[Astra (missile)|Astra]] Mark 1 [[air-to-air missile]] with four [[Wingspan|short-span]] [[Chord (aeronautics)|long-chord]] [[cruciform wing]]s that provide [[Aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] stability. It also includes additional [[Thrust vectoring#Exhaust vanes|jet vane driven thrust vector control]] to enable quick reaction time on vertical launch and smokeless exhaust.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kulkarni|first=Sushant|date=2021-12-11|title=Explained: What is the vertical launch surface to air missile that India has successfully test-fired?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-vertical-launch-short-range-surface-to-air-missile-7667344/|access-date=2021-12-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> VL-SRSAM conceived for area and [[point-defence]] role to save naval platforms. Each [[Vertical launching system|Vertical Launch System]] (VLS) can hold forty missiles in a twin quad-pack canister configuration carrying eight missiles each for [[hot launch]] that can be installed in an arrangement of multiple launch systems based on availability of space on the ship. The missile is for neutralizing various aerial threats at medium and close ranges, including [[fighter aircraft]] and [[sea skimming]] [[anti-ship missile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Navy's Surface-To-Air Missile Test-Fired, Can Hit Sea-Skimming Targets|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navys-vertical-launch-short-range-surface-to-air-missile-test-fired-can-hit-sea-skimming-targets-2376308|access-date=2021-02-23|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> With its 360° interception capability, as an integrated missile and weapon control system (WCS), it can identify and neutralize threats coming from all directions. Even though a short-range air defense missile was the original goal, the VL-SRSAM is a medium-range air defense system. Its attack range of 40 km has been increased to 80 km. The missile is said to be fitted in destroyers, frigates, corvettes and aircraft carriers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-22|title=DRDO successfully launches Surface to Air Missile capable of neutralising aerial threats|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/drdo-successfully-launches-surface-to-air-missile-vl-srsam-missile-system-capable-of-neutralizing-aerial-threats-2343701.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=22 February 2021 |title=Maiden test of Vertically Launched SRSAM from ITR off Odisha coast likely today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/feb/22/maiden-test-of-vertically-launched-srsam-from-itr-off-odisha-coast-likely-today-2267271.html |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

[[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL), [[Research & Development Establishment (Engineers)]], [[Research Centre Imarat]] (RCI) and some private sector industries were involved in the design and development of the missile system as part of Development cum Production Partner programme (DCPP).<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 April 2021|title=DRDO opens up missile production partnership for Indian private sector|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/drdo-opens-up-missile-production-partnership-for-indian-private-sector/articleshow/81928553.cms|access-date=2021-04-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> VL-SRSAM superseded the cancelled [[Maitri (missile)|Maitri missile]] project undertaken jointly by [[MBDA]] and DRDO based on the work done on [[MICA (missile)|MICA]] and [[Trishul (missile)|Trishul]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rout|first=Hemant Kumar|date=23 February 2021|title=DRDO conducts successful flight test of VL-SRSAM|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/feb/23/drdo-conducts-successful-flight-test-of-vl-srsam-2267748.html|access-date=2021-02-23|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the [[National Aerospace Laboratories]]' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-06 |title=Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengaluru-12m-trisonic-wind-tunnel-at-national-aerospace-laboratories-completes-55-years-of-service20220606001500/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=ANI |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, DRDO developed an [[Indian Air Force|IAF]]-specific 8×2 truck-mounted variant. It has been developed for defending frontline airbases in conjunction with the [[Akash (missile)|Akash system]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Aditi |date=2024-09-03 |title=DRDO’s VL-SRSAM System Set to Enhance IAF’s Air Defense Capabilities |url=https://pune.news/defence/drdos-vl-srsam-system-set-to-enhance-iafs-air-defense-capabilities-224641/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=PUNE.NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=How DRDO's 8×2 Truck-Mounted System for VL-SRSAM will Boost IAF's Defence Against Low Altitude Aerial Threats |url=https://defence.in/threads/how-drdos-8-2-truck-mounted-system-for-vl-srsam-will-boost-iafs-defence-against-low-altitude-aerial-threats.9690/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Testing==

* '''22 February 2021:''' Maiden test firing of VL-SRSAM. DRDO successfully test fired two ''VL-SRSAM'' at [[Integrated Test Range]] (ITR) in [[Chandipur, Odisha|Chandipur]], off the coast of [[Odisha]]. The launch tested the efficacy of vertical launch system and missile's maximum and minimum range. Both the missile successfully intercepted their target with pin point accuracy.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1700039|title=Successful Launches of VL-SRSAM Missile System|publisher=PIB|date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

* '''7 December 2021:''' ''VL-SRSAM'' was successfully tested by DRDO from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. The launch was conducted from a vertical launcher against an electronic target at a very low altitude. The launch was conducted to validate integrated operation of all weapon system components including the vertical launcher unit with controller, canisterised flight vehicle, weapon control system etc.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1778966|title=Successful Flight Test of Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile|publisher=PIB|date=7 December 2021}}</ref>
* '''24 June 2022:''' DRDO announced that India has successfully test-fired the VL-SRSAM from an Indian Naval Ship, off the coast of Chandipur. The launch of the system was conducted against a high-speed aerial target mimicking aircraft, which was successfully engaged.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/india-successfully-test-fires-vl-srsam-from-indian-naval-ship-off-odisha-coast-drdo-article-92432165|title=India successfully test-fires VL-SRSAM from Indian Naval Ship off Odisha coast: DRDO|publisher=Times Now|date=24 June 2022}}</ref>
* '''23 August 2022:''' DRDO and Indian Navy successfully flight tested VL-SRSAM from the ITR, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha on. The flight test was carried out from an Indian Naval Ship against a high-speed unmanned aerial target for demonstration of vertical launch capability. The missiles, equipped with indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker, intercepted the target with high accuracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DRDO & Indian Navy successfully flight-test Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile off Odisha coast |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1853841 |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
* '''July 2023:''' DRDO test fired VL-SRSAM from Integrated Test Range, Chandipur on an unknown date as per a press release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2023 |title=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE - YEAR END REVIEW 2023 |work=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1989502 |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2025 |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>
* '''12 September 2024''': DRDO and the Indian Navy successfully carried out the VL-SRSAM user associate trial from ITR, Chandipur. The test was conducted against a low-altitude, high-speed aerial target from a land-based vertical launcher. The target was successfully tracked and engaged. The purpose of this test was to verify several improved components, including Seeker and Proximity Fuse.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=DRDO & Indian Navy successfully flight test Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile off Odisha coast |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2054307 |access-date=12 September 2024 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |publisher= |agency=Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2024-09-12 |title=India successfully test-fires short-range surface-to-air missile for Navy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Sep/12/india-successfully-test-fires-short-range-surface-to-air-missile-for-navy |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

* '''13 September 2024''': The Indian Navy and DRDO conducted a successful follow-up VL-SRSAM user associate trial against a high-speed sea-skimming aerial target.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 September 2024 |title=DRDO & Indian Navy achieve back-to-back success with 2nd consecutive flight test of VLSRSAM off Odisha coast |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2054488 |access-date=13 September 2024 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |publisher= |agency=Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatshakti |first=Team |date=2024-09-13 |title=DRDO’s VLSRSAM Project Achieves Second Consecutive Flight Test Success |url=https://bharatshakti.in/drdos-vlsrsam-project-achieves-second-consecutive-flight-test-success/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Bharat Shakti |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite twitter |number=1834509978356351436 |user=DRDO_India |title=DRDO & Indian Navy scores back-to-back Successfully Flight Tests of Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile (VLSRSAM) on 12 & 13th Sep 2024... |date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-09-13}}</ref>
* '''26 March 2025''': DRDO and the Indian Navy successfully tested VLSRSAM against a high-speed aerial target at low altitude and very close range from a land-based vertical launcher at ITR, Chandipur. The test demonstrated near-boundary-low altitude capability. The missile proved its agility, dependability, and pinpoint precision by destroying the target entirely and accomplishing higher turn rate needed for target engagement at very close range. All of the system components were deployed in combat configuration mode. The missile has functioned as expected thanks to its indigenous RF seeker, multi-function radar, and weapon control system. Several range instruments at ITR recorded flight data, which was used to validate the performance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 March 2025 |title=DRDO & Indian Navy successfully flight-test indigenously-developed Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2115509 |access-date=27 March 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>

== Deployment ==
In order to protect the [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] from missiles and drones, the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] is reportedly in the process of setting up a multi-layered air defense network dubbed Capital Dome, which will incorporate VL-SRSAM and [[Anant Shastra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Raj |date=2025-12-26 |title=India to Fortify Delhi with Capital Dome, Integrating Indigenous Missiles and Directed Energy Weapons for Total Aerial Security |url=https://defence.in/threads/india-to-fortify-delhi-with-capital-dome-integrating-indigenous-missiles-and-directed-energy-weapons-for-total-aerial-security.16369/ |access-date=2025-12-30 |website=Defence News India |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Operators==

;{{Flagu|India}}
* {{sclass|Rajput|destroyer|2}}
** [[INS Rana (D52)]]
* [[Brahmaputra-class frigate]]
* [[Kamorta-class corvette]]
* [[Next Generation Missile Vessels]] (planned)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Adithya Krishna |date=2025-03-31 |title=India Tests New VLSRSAM - Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile System |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/03/india-tests-new-vlsrsam-vertically-launched-short-range-surface-to-air-missile-system/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Next generation corvette]] (planned)

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Maiden launch of VL-SRSAM by DRDO.jpg|Maiden test (22 February 2021).
File:VL-SRSAM being tested from vertical launch system.jpg|VLS integrated operational validation test (7 December 2021).
File:VL-SRSAM successfully test-fired from an Indian Naval Ship at Integrated Test Range on 24 June 2022 - 1.jpg|First ship-borne test from an Indian naval ship (24 June 2022).
File:VLSRSAM updated with proximity fuse and seeker tested successfully.jpg|Verification test for improved seeker and [[proximity fuze]] (12 September 2024).
File:VLSRSAM test in 2025.jpg|Near-boundary-low altitude capability test (26 March 2025).
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Rocketry}}
{{Div col |colwidth=22em}}
*{{lwc|Trishul (missile)|Trishul}}
*{{lwc|Maitri (missile)|Maitri}}
*{{lwc|Project Kusha (air defence system)|Project Kusha}}
*{{lwc|Barak 8}}
*{{lwc|Akash-NG}}
*{{lwc|Akash (missile)|Akash}}
*{{lwc|Advanced Air Defence}} (AAD)
*{{lwc|Prithvi Air Defence}} (PAD)
*{{lwc|Anant Shastra}}
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}
{{Indian missiles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:VL-SRSAM}}
[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation]]
[[Category:Surface-to-air missiles of India]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India]]
[[Category:Guided missiles of India]]
[[Category:Naval surface-to-air missiles]]

Attur Ward

2025-12-30T04:00:07Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: starting new details added tags!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Attur Ward
| pushpin_map_caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Kannada
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Ward
| image_skyline = Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 3 - Attur Ward (2009-2022).pdf
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Attur Ward Map 2009-2022 (2009 delimitation)
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position =
| subdivision_name5 = [[Netra Pallavi]]
| official_name =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.105624804732672|N|77.56562828073321|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bengaluru]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Lok Sabha|Parliamentary]] constituency
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly]] constituency
| subdivision_name4 = [[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Councillor|Corporator]]
| pushpin_map_alt =
| subdivision_type6 = [[List of political parties in India|Party]]
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 58129
| governing_body = [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|BBMP]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 2009
| founder =
| named_for =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 8.8
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| subdivision_name6 = [[Indian National Congress]]
| government_type = Ward
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
}}

'''Attur Ward''' (Ward No. 3), is one of the 198 Wards<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMP Wards|url=http://www.vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wards|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=vigeyegpms.in}}</ref> (an administrative region) of [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-11-06|title=BMP expansion Map|url=http://www.bmponline.org/images/GB%20Prelim%20Notif%20Map.jpg|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020080245/http://www.bmponline.org/images/GB%20Prelim%20Notif%20Map.jpg|archive-date=2007-10-20}}</ref> an administrative body responsible for civic amenities and some infrastructural assets of the [[Greater Bangalore]] metropolitan area in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of BBMP|url=https://bbmp.gov.in/historyofbbmp.html|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=bbmp.gov.in|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102002519/https://bbmp.gov.in/historyofbbmp.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2006-11-06|title=About BBMP|url=http://bbmp.gov.in/about-us|url-status=dead|access-date=2007-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108043038/http://bbmp.gov.in/about-us|archive-date=2017-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2006-11-06|title=History|url=http://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101042548/http://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html|archive-date=2017-01-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History Of BBMP|url=https://bangalorean.com/bbmp/|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=bangalorean.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=KNOW YOUR WARD|url=http://censuskarnataka.gov.in/BBMP-KNOW%20YOUR%20WARD.pdf|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=bangalorean.com}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 3 - Attur Ward (2020).pdf
| caption1 = Detailed Ward Map of Attur Ward as per 2020 delimitation
| image2 = Bangalore Bengaluru BBMP Ward No 3 - Attur Ward (2020).png
| caption2 = Preview of Attur Ward Ward as per 2020 delimitation
}}
The history of municipal governance of Bangalore dates back to 27 March 1862, when nine leading citizens of the old city formed a Municipal Board under the Improvement of Towns Act of 1850 with a similar Municipal Board was also formed in the newer [[Cantonment]] area.<ref name=":1" /> The two boards were legalised in 1881, and functioned as two independent bodies called the Bangalore City Municipality and the Bangalore Civil and Military Station Municipality (Cantonment). The following year, half of the municipal councillors were permitted to be elected, [[property tax]] was introduced and greater powers given over police and local improvement.<ref name=":1">Ashwini Roy, AS (2015) ''Urban governance in Karnataka'' (Thesis) [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38495/6/chapter%202.pdf Chapter 2: Evolution of the Bangalore Municipal Corporation]. University of Mysore.</ref>

In 1913 an honorary president was introduced, and seven years later made an elected position. An appointed Municipal Commissioner was introduced in 1926 on the Cantonment board as the executive authority.

After [[Indian Independence Movement|Indian independence]], the two Municipal Boards were merged to form the Corporation of the City of Bangalore in 1949, under the Bangalore City Corporation Act. The corporation then consisted of 70 elected representatives and 50 electoral divisions and the office of Mayor introduced for the first time. The first elections were held in 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History on Bangalore and BBMP Draft|url=http://218.248.45.172:81/web/guest/about-us;jsessionid=9A469D4416E82C08B0D9929612A48120|access-date=2021-11-14|website=bbmp.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History - BBMP - The history of municipal governance of Bangalore dates back to March 27, 1862, when nine leading citizens of the city formed a Municipal Board - Online Bangalore (Bengaluru)|url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/gove/history-bbmp.html|access-date=2021-11-14|website=www.onlinebangalore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Study on Implementation of Good Corporate Governance by BBMP (Bruhath Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike)|url=https://ijesc.org/upload/1e7b316ea21a50911682ed2d7134fa52.A%20Study%20on%20Implementation%20of%20Good%20Corporate%20Governance%20by%20Bbmp%20(Bruhath%20Bengaluru%20Mahanagara%20Palike).pdf|access-date=2021-11-14|website=wijesc.org}}</ref>

In 1989, the BMP expanded to include 87 wards and further increased to 100 wards in 1995, covering an extra area of 75 km2. The council also included 40 additional members drawn from the parliament and the state legislature.<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMP restructuring full report|url=https://data.opencity.in/Documents/DocumentCloud/bbmp-restructuring-fullreport.pdf|access-date=11 May 2020|publisher=opencity.in|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224120858/http://data.opencity.in/Documents/DocumentCloud/bbmp-restructuring-fullreport.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Functioning of Wards Committees in Bangalore: A Case Study|url=https://civicspace.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Study-of-the-Functioning-of-Ward-Committees-in-Bangalore-2003-1-f-1.pdf|access-date=11 May 2020|publisher=Citizens’ Voluntary Initiative for the City of Bangalore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aradhya|first=H. B. S.|date=2008-12-23|title=Developed or hodge-podge, you decide|url=https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/702-bbmp-layouts-702|access-date=2021-11-14|website=Citizen Matters, Bengaluru|language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] (BMP), was the administering body of Bangalore till 2006. On 6 November 2006, the BMP Council was dissolved by the State Government upon the completion of its five-year term.<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-11-06|title=PUBLIC NOTICE, Notification at BMP website|url=http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Secretariat_DH.PDF|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023080044/http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Secretariat_DH.PDF|archive-date=2007-10-23}}</ref> In January 2007, the Karnataka Government issued a notification to merge the areas under then [[Bangalore Mahanagara Palike]] with seven City municipal council (CMC)'s ([[Rajarajeshwari City Municipal Council]], [[Dasarahalli City Municipal Council]], [[Bommanahalli City Municipal Council]], [[Krishnarajapuram City Municipal Council]], [[Mahadevapura City Municipal Council]], [[Byatarayanapura City Municipal Council]] and [[Yelahanka City Municipal Council]]), one Town municipal council (TMC) ([[Kengeri Town Municipal Council]]) and 110 villages around the city to form a single administrative body, [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-10-20|title=constitute the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Greater Bangalore Municipal Body)|url=https://www.electronic-city.in/about/bbmp-110-villages.php}}</ref> (111 villages mentioned in initial Notification. Later 2 villages omitted from the list and another village added before final Notification).<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-01-16|title=constitute the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (Greater Bangalore Municipal Body) - DRAFT|url=http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater_Notification1.PDF|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020081154/http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater_Notification1.PDF|archive-date=2007-10-20}}</ref> The process was completed by April 2007 and the body was renamed [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]] (Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation).<ref>{{cite news|date=2007-10-16|title=Notification at BMP website|url=http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater%20Bangalore%20Notification.shtml|url-status=usurped|access-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015124813/http://www.bmponline.org/account-dept/Greater%20Bangalore%20Notification.shtml|archive-date=2007-10-15}}</ref> The first elections to the newly created BBMP body were held on 28 March 2010, after the delays due to the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of wards and finalizing voter lists. The second elections were held on 22 August 2015 with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] winning the majority with 101 Corporators ([[Indian National Congress]] won 76, [[Janata Dal (Secular)|Janata Dal-S]] won 14 and [[Independent (Politician)|Independents]] - 7)

'''This ward is named after Attur Layout near [[Yelahanka]].'''

== Salient features (2009 delimitation) ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%"
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |
Ward No.
|2
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Ward Name
|Chowdeshwari
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Taluk
|Bangalore North (Additional)
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Hobli
|Yelahanka-1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Assembly Constituency
|[[Yelahanka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lok Sabha Constituency
|[[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Area (km2)
|6.5
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Household (HH) - 2001
|9506
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Household (HH) - 2011
|4505
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2001)
|
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Male Population (2001)
|
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Female Population (2001)
|19626
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2011)
|36602
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2001)
|3019
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2011)
|5635
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn growth rate (%) 2001 - 2011
|86.5
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |HH growth rate (%) 2001 - 2011
|111
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Zone
|Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Division
|Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |BBMP Sub-Division
|Yelahanka
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Road length (km)
|169
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lakes #
|2
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lake area (sq m)
|307428
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Parks #
|30
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Park area (sq m)
|98281.4
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Playgrounds #
|4
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Playground area (sq m)
|40131
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Govt Schools #
|7
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Police stations #
|1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Fire stations #
|0
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Bus stops #
|31
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |BMTC TTMC #
|1
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Street lights #
|4227
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Police station
|Yelahanka Satellite Town
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lake name
|Chikkabettahalli Lake, Attur Lake
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Bus routes #
|106
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Localities in the ward:
|Ananthapura, Chikka Bettahalli, Dodda Bettahalli, Bharat Nagar ([[M. S. Palya]]), Chandrappa Layout, Hillside Meadows Layout, Sai Nagar Phase I and II, Basavalingappa Layout, Netravathi Layout (P), Sai orchards, Best County 3, G. Ramaiah Layout, Jyothi Nagar, GPF Layout, Muneshwara Layout Ist and 2nd Phases, Hari Raju Layout, Vaderahallikere, AMS Layout, Veerasagara Kere, Thirumala Nagar, Atturu Layout, Muneshwara Layout (Atturu), Anand Nagar, Atturu, Atturu Kere, KHB apartments, Yelahanka 4th and 5th Stages, 208-SFS colony, Central excise and custom staff quarters, Air force quarters, [[Yelahanka new town]], KSIDC industrial estate, WAP staff quarters
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 2px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 120%;" |{{Rotate text|-90|Boundary}}
! style="padding: 5px;" |North
|By Northern and eastern boundary of Ananthapura village
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |East
|By eastern boundary of Ananthapura, 4th Main road, 4th B Cross, KHB road, other road
up to [[State Highway 9 (Karnataka)|Dodballapur road]], [[State Highway 9 (Karnataka)|Dodballapur road]], [[National Highway 44 (India)|Ballari Road]], Existing CMC ward boundary, Eastern boundary of Dodda Bettahalli village
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |South
|By Vidyaranyapura main road, Southern boundary of Chikka bettahalli village, Main
road, Cross road, Main road, Main road leading to MS Palya junction, Southern boundary of Chikka bettahalli village
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |West
|By Western boundary of Chikka Bettahalli and Dodda Bettahalli villages, northern
boundary Dodda Bettahalli, Western boundary of Ananthapura village ([[BBMP]] limits).
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |
! style="padding: 5px;" |references
|<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring|url=http://bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/460906/BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring+03-08-2015.pdf/89caf820-58a7-4d73-a785-7082f250d7d7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224162612/http://bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/460906/BBMPR_ward_master_BBMP+Restructuring+03-08-2015.pdf/89caf820-58a7-4d73-a785-7082f250d7d7|archive-date=24 December 2019}}</ref>

|}

== Salient features (2020 delimitation) ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%"
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |
Ward No.
|3
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Ward Name
|Attur Layout
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Assembly Constituency
|[[Yelahanka (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Yelahanka]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Lok Sabha Constituency
|[[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]]
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Area (km2)
|5.158
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Population (2011)
|43071
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Popn density (2011)
|8350
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Male Population (2011)
|22453
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Female Population (2011)
|20618
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |SC Population (2011)
|4396
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |ST Population (2011)
|1132
|-
| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |*
! style="padding: 5px;" |Localities in the ward:
|Yelahanka New Town 4th& 5th Stage, 208 SFS Colony, Attur Layout, L&T Nagar, Tirumala Nagar, Dodda Bettahalli, Bettahalli Extension, Sri Muneshwara Layout, Chik Bettahalli Village, AMS Layout, Aditya Nagar, MS Palya (P), Bharat Nagar (M.S.Palya), Hill Side Medows, Jyothi Nagar, Sai Nagar Phase I, Chandrappa Layout (P), Sai Orchards, Best county 3, G Ramaiah Layout (P), Hari Raju Layout.
|-
! rowspan="4" style="padding: 2px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 120%;" |{{Rotate text|-90|Boundary}}
! style="padding: 5px;" |North
|By Veerasagara Main Road, Atturu Main Road, 5th Cross, 6th Main, 4th Main (Shiva Mandir Road).
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |East
|By Puttenahalli Road (1st Main)
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |South
|By Yelahanka New Town Road ([[Sandeep Unnikrishnan|Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road]]), Existing Ward & AC Boundary, GKVK Road, 4th Cross(Vidyaranyapura Main Road), Lattic Network Road towards Devi Circle, Main Road, Cross Road, Vidyaranyapura Main Road, Yelahanka New Town Road ([[Sandeep Unnikrishnan|Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road]]), Existing Ward & AC Boundary, Singapura Main Road, Main Road, Cross Road, 6th Cross, Main Road, Existing Ward & AC Boundary.
|-
! style="padding: 5px;" |West
|By Existing Ward Boundary (BBMP Boundary Limit )
|-

| style="padding: 10px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 100%;" |
! style="padding: 5px;" |References
|<ref>{{cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=BBMP ward delimitation 2020|url=http://bbmpwards2019.com/wardPdfs/1.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=List of wards of BBMP delimitation 2020 - Kannada|url=http://bbmpwards2019.com/PDF/BBMP%20Final%20Delimitation-Gazte%20-%20Kannada.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=List of wards of BBMP delimitation 2020 - English|url=http://bbmpwards2019.com/PDF/BBMP%20Final%20Delimitation-Gazte%20-%20English.pdf}}</ref>

|}

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Population Overview of Yelahanka Ward<ref>{{cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=Wards of BBMP - Overview|url=https://vigeyegpms.in/bbmp/?module=public&action=wardinfo&wardid=197}}</ref>
!Ward
!Population
!Census Year
!Delimitation Year
|-
|Attur
|24020
|2001
|2009
|-
|Attur
|58129
|2011
|2009
|-
|Attur Layout (Bettahalli)
|43071
|2011
|2020
|}

== Elected representatives ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election Year
!Ward Name
!Name of Corporator
!Party Affililiation
!Reservation category
|-
|[[2010 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election|2010]]
|Attur
|[[K. V. Yashoda]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|General (Women)
|-
|[[2015 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election|2015]]
|Attur
|[[Netra Pallavi]]<ref>{{cite web|title=BBMP corporators and their contact numbers – 2015|url=https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/bbmp-corporators-and-their-contact-numbers-2015-7710|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=citizenmatters.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BBMP corporators – 2015|url=https://karsec.gov.in/PreElectionHandler.ashx?id=65&Key=R|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=karsec.gov.in}}</ref>
|[[Bharathiya Janata Party]]
|Scheduled Tribe (Women)
|-
|2022
|
|
|
|
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India
}}

* [[List of wards in Bangalore (2010-2020)]]
* [[List of wards in Bangalore]]
* [[2010 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election]]
* [[2015 Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://vigeyegpms.in/]
* [https://bbmp.gov.in/]

{{Bangalore}}

[[Category:Municipal wards of Bengaluru]]

Kamrupi Brahmin

2025-12-29T00:14:51Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Kamrupi Brahmins''', also known as Kamarupi Brahmana and Kamrupi Bamon, are those Brahmins who claimed their descent from the [[Kanyakubja Brahmins|Kanauji Brahmins]] and [[Maithil Brahmin|Maithili]] [[Brahmin]]s who settled in [[Kamrup region|Kamarupa]] (present-day [[Assam]]).<ref name=Social_History_of_Assam_1989>Mani L. Bose, ''Social History of Assam: Being a Study of the Origins of Ethnic Identity'', 1989, p. 40 when the Aryans entered Assam from the west is uncertain. It seems probably that the Aryan penetration into Assam began from the time of the Brahmanas and the Epics and by the 3rd century A.D. Aryan culture became the predominant.</ref><ref name=The_Journal_of_the_Institute_of_Bangladesh_Studies>''The Journal of the Institute of Bangladesh Studies''(1994), Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi "Kamrupi brahmins are those brahmins who claimed their descent from the Kanauji immigrant brahmins of very early period. They settled in Kamrupa and later on spread out"</ref> They brought with them different [[Hinduism|Hindu]] epics and became the torch-bearers of [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] culture in the region.<ref name=Social_History_of_Assam_1989 /><ref name="Barman, R.K">{{Cite journal|author=Barman, R.K |title=State Formation, Legitimization and Cultural Change A Study of Koch Kingdom|journal=The NEHU Journal|volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=17–35 |date=June 2014}}</ref>

==Background==
Kamrupi Brahmins are those Brahmins who claimed their descent from the Kanauji immigrant Brahmins and Maithil Brahmins of Mithila of a very early period. They settled in [[Kamrup region|Kamrup]] and later on spread out.<ref name=The_Journal_of_the_Institute_of_Bangladesh_Studies />

==Rites and rituals==
Many rituals followed by Kamrupi Brahmins are unique to their community. During a ritual named [[Amati (ritual)|Amati]], mother earth is believed passing through menstrual period and thus to be in an unclean state. Hence on those days farmers would not till the soil or plant any seeds. Orthodox widows and Brahmins abstain from any food except fruits. Devi, a special synthesized form of both [[Durga]] of the Hindu pantheon and a tribal female deity, is still being worshiped in Cooch Behar. Worship of Devi is generally performed by a Kamrupi Brahmin of [[North Bengal]].<ref name="Barman, R.K"/>

==History==
Kamrupi Brahmins were prosperous during the [[Varman dynasty]]'s reign of [[Kamarupa]]. The Kamrupi king [[Bhaskaravarman]] regularly gave land grants to the Kamrupi Brahmins. With these land grants they were also given copper plates grants.<ref>Rup Kumar Barman (2007),'' Contested regionalism: a new look on the history, cultural change, and regionalism of North Bengal and Lower Assam'', Abhijeet Publications, p.200 The Copper Plate Grants of Bargaon and Sualkuchi Grant of Ratnapal prove the land grants to the Brahmins at the banks of the Lohita and the Kalang, respectively.</ref>
A portion of the copper-plate grant of Bhaskaravarman states: Rigvedic, Samavedic and Yajurvedic Brahmins lived in Kamarupa before the time of Bhaskaravarman.<ref name=The_Social_History_of_Kamarupa>Vasu, N.N, ''The Social History of Kamarupa, Vol.1'' (1922), p.p 5-6</ref>
Of these three classes of Brahmins the followers of the Bahvrichya branch of the Rigveda were divided into the gotras of:
- Kasyapa,
- Kausika,
- Gautama,
- Parasarya,
- Bharadvaja,
- Varaha,
- Vatsya,
- Varhaspatya and
- Saunaka;
Of those following the Chhandoga branch of the Samaveda belonged to the gotras of :
- Paskalya
The followers of the Taittiriya branch of the Yajurveda belonged to the gotra of:
- Kasyapa
And those of the Charaka branch to the gotra of:
- Katyayana;
The followers of the Vajasaneya branch belonged to the gotras of:
- Angirasa,
- Alambayana,
- Gargya,
- Gautama,
- Bharadvaja,
- Yaska,
- Sakatayana, and
- Salankayana besides the six gotras mentioned before.<ref name=The_Social_History_of_Kamarupa />
In all these three groups of Brahmanas living in Kamarupa had 26 gotras at the time of their greatest power and standing. In later ages any traces of the Samavedic and Rigvedic Brahmanas disappeared . Most probably they had changed their residence or their lines came to an end.<ref name=The_Social_History_of_Kamarupa />
The following lines occur in Raja Harendra Narayan's Raja vansabali -<ref name=The_Social_History_of_Kamarupa />

{{cquote|The Brahmanas living on the northern bank of the Lauhitya were all followers of the Yajurveda. They were all saddcharis and ritvijas (Vedic sacrificers).}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Brahmin communities of Assam]]
[[Category:Kamrupi culture]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Kamarupa]]

Andhra Pradesh Information Commission

2025-12-28T06:15:47Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: starting some page more to come!

{{Short description|Statutory body in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox high court
| court_name = Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission
| native_name =
| established = 2 March 2006
| location = 1st Floor MGM Capital, Chinnakakani (V) [[Mangalagiri]] (M), [[Guntur district]] - 522508. Landline:0863-2387345
| jurisdiction = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| appealsto =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of [[Ageing|age]] (whichever is earlier)
| authority = [[Right to Information Act, 2005]]
| website = https://sic.ap.gov.in/
| motto = सूचना जनाधिकार:॥ ''(Soochna Janadhikaraha) Information is the right of the people.'' ([[Sanskrit]])
| chiefjudgetitle = State Chief Information Commissioner <ref name="aic ref1">{{cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Information Commission |url=https://sic.ap.gov.in/welcome.do |website=Andhra Pradesh Information Commission |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
| chiefjudgename = Sri R. Mahaboob Basha
| chiefjudgetitle2 = State Information Commissioner
| chiefjudgename2 = Sri Katta Janardhana Rao
}}
'''Andhra Pradesh Information Commission''' is an [[Autonomy|autonomous]] and [[Statute|statutory]] body constituted as per [[Right to Information Act, 2005|The Right to Information Act, 2005]] by the state government of [[Andhra Pradesh]] through a notification in [[Government gazette|official Gazette]]. The commission will have one State Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than 10 State Information Commissioners (IC) to be appointed by the [[Governor (India)|Governor]] on the recommendation of the committee consisting of the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]] as chairperson, the [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Legislative assembly|Legislative Assembly]] and a state [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]] nominated by the Chief Minister.

== History and objective ==

Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission has to be constituted as per The Right to Information Act, 2005 by the State Governments in India through a notification in official Gazette.<ref name="sic ref1">{{cite news |title=State Information Commission: Composition, Power and Functions |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/state-information-commission-1438319829-1 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=jagranjosh.com |date=30 March 2019}}</ref>

Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission is formed to take up the following:<ref name="sic ref12">{{cite news |title=The decline of India's right to information regime, in four charts |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/the-decline-of-india-s-right-to-information-regime-in-four-charts-11604385637705.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=livemint |date=4 November 2020}}</ref>

* Appeals on the information shared by various government entities under the Right to Information Act.
* Complaints on refusal to give information or in relation to inability to file Right to Information Act.
* Commission should get annual report from various departments working in the state about complaints received under Right to Information Act, 2005 and their responses on the same.

Andhra Pradesh Information Commission occasionally conducts awareness programmes on implementation of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 effectively by general public

== Composition ==

Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission members should consist of a:<ref name="sic ref3">{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Parita |title=State Information Commission |url=http://kanoon.nearlaw.com/2017/12/22/state-information-commission/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=kanoon.nearlaw.com |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116012610/http://kanoon.nearlaw.com/2017/12/22/state-information-commission/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

1. State Chief Information commissioner and

2. Not more than ten State Information Commissioners.<ref name="aic ref2" />

The Chief and other members of State Information Commission are appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of the committee consisting of the Chief Minister as chairperson, the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly and a state Cabinet Minister.<ref name="aic ref2">{{cite news |title=Andhra RTI activists object to appointment of Information Commissioner with YSRCP ties |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/andhra-rti-activists-object-appointment-information-commissioner-ysrcp-ties-127995 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=thenewsminute.com |date=5 July 2020}}</ref>

The members of State Information Commission should be of eminence in public life<ref name="sic ref7" /> and are not permitted to hold any other office of profit or any position which is connected with any political party and are also barred from carrying on any business or continuing any profession in any field.

Sri R.Mahaboob Basha is the current Chief Information commissioner of Andhra Pradesh Information Commission.<ref name="aic ref3">{{cite news |title=P Ramesh Kumar chosen to be Andhra Pradesh chief information commissioner |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/240620/p-ramesh-kumar-chosen-to-be-andhra-pradesh-chief-information-commissio.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=24 June 2020}}</ref>

== Tenure and service ==

The tenure of the Andhra Pradesh State Chief Information Commissioner and a State Information Commissioner for holding office will be a term of 3 years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier and will not be eligible for reappointment on completion of tenure.<ref name="sic ref2">{{cite news |title=Information Commissioners' Tenures, Salaries Now Firmly in Centre's Hands |url=https://thewire.in/government/centre-rti-act-information-commissioners-tenure-salary-retirement-benefits |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Wire |date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
Any vacancy in the State Information Commission has to be filled within six months from the date of vacancy.<ref name="sic ref7">{{cite news |title=SC Asks States for Updates on Vacancies, Pendency in Information Commissions |url=https://thewire.in/government/sc-orders-state-to-file-status-reports-on-information-commissions |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Wire |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>

Andhra Pradesh Chief Information Commissioner (CIC), Information Commissioner (IC) and State Information Commissioner's salaries, allowances and other service terms and conditions are equivalent to the Chief Secretary to Government.<ref name="sic ref10">{{cite news |title=RTI Bill 2019: Undermining autonomy of information commissions and transparency in governance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rti-bill-2019-undermining-autonomy-of-information-commissions-and-transparency-in-governance-1571439-2019-07-19 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=indiatoday.in |date=19 July 2019}}</ref>

== Powers and functions ==

Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission prepares report on the implementation of the provisions of State Information Commission act and submits an annual report to the state government which is placed by the later before the state legislature.<ref name="aic ref4">{{cite news |title=Information Commission urged to publish annual reports |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/information-commission-urged-to-publish-annual-reports/article36977353.ece |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=13 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="sic ref9">{{cite news |title=Over 2.5 Lakh RTI Appeals, Plaints Pending with 26 Information Commissions across India |url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/over-25-lakh-rti-appeals-plaints-pending-with-26-information-commissions-across-india/65422.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=moneylife.in |date=21 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="sic ref1" />

The commission on reasonable grounds can order inquiry into any matter related to the Act.

The commission under powers granted to it can secure from the public authorities compliance of any of its decisions.

Commission is duty bound to receive and conduct enquiry into any complaint received from any person.
The commission can call for and examine any record which it considers necessary and is under the possession of the public authority and any such record should not be withheld from it on any grounds during the inquiry of a complaint.

The commission has the power of the civil court during the course of enquiry and in respect of the following matters:

Any complaint which requires the discovery and inspection of documents relating to it.

Powers exercised for issuing summons requiring examination of any witnesses or related documents or any other prescribed matters relating to complaint.

Any provision under which summons were issued and as per which attendance is required of persons and requires them to give written or oral evidence under an oath and producing documents or other details relevant to it.

Provision requiring evidence on stamped [[affidavit]].

Powers relating to request from any court or office of any public record.

Commission under the powers can recommend steps which can be taken for confirming to the provisions of the act if any public authority fails to do so.

== Challenges ==

Andhra Pradesh State Information Commission are overburdened with backlog cases, similar to [[Central Vigilance Commission]].<ref name="sic ref8">{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soni |title=Central Information Commission headless for 5th time in 6 years |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/27/central-information-commission-headless-for-5th-time-in-6-years.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=the week |date=27 August 2020}}</ref> Due to shortage of available staff and vacancies not being filled, there is backlog of cases filed.<ref name="sic ref4">{{cite news |last1=sharma |first1=nidhi |title=Info commissions have a waiting time of over one year for an applicant seeking information under RTI Act: Report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/info-commissions-have-a-waiting-time-of-over-one-year-for-an-applicant-seeking-information-under-rti-act-report/articleshow/86946016.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=economictimes |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="sic ref5">{{cite news |title=Over 32,000 RTI appeals pending with Central Information Commission: Govt. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-32000-rti-appeals-pending-with-central-information-commission-govt/article37969462.ece |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=thehindu.com |date=16 December 2021}}</ref> The maximum number of appeals and complaints pending as per October 2014 records were in state of Uttar Pradesh. However, some states like Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura didn't have pending complaints.<ref name="sic ref6">{{cite news |title=21 of 29 state information commissions did not hold any RTI hearings during lockdown |url=https://theprint.in/india/21-of-29-state-information-commissions-did-not-hold-any-rti-hearings-during-lockdown/426103/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Print |date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

In spite of above limitation, Andhra Pradesh State Information Commissions plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency in public life and supports in greater way in checking corruption, combating oppression, preventing nepotism and misuse of the public authority.

A survey conducted by [[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]], showed that most State Information Commission in India were inactive during Covid pandemic.<ref name="sic ref11">{{cite news |title=State information commissions inactive during COVID-19: Survey |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/state-information-commissions-inactive-during-covid-19-survey-70736 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=downtoearth |date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==

[[Central Information Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://sic.ap.gov.in/ Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923015704/http://www.sic.ap.gov.in/ |date=2020-09-23 }}
* [https://www.ap.gov.in/ RTI Link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105194334/http://www.ap.gov.in/ |date=2020-11-05 }}


[[Category:Indian commissions and inquiries]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption agencies]]
[[Category:State agencies of Andhra Pradesh]]

Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-20T05:12:28Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: starting some article from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Telangana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bhongir {{Small|TG-14}}
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Andhra Pradesh/Bhuvanagiri.map}}
| map_caption = Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency in Telangana
| established = 2008
| mp = [[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = None
| state = [[Telangana]]
| electors = 1,492,251<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014"]</ref>
| assembly_cons = [[Ibrahimpatnam Assembly constituency|Ibrahimpatnam]] [[Munugode Assembly constituency|Munugode]] [[Bhongir Assembly constituency|Bhongir]] [[Nakrekal Assembly constituency|Nakrekal]] [[Thungathurthi Assembly constituency|Thungathurthi]] [[Alair Assembly constituency|Alair]] [[Jangaon Assembly constituency|Jangaon]]
}}
'''Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 17 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Telangana]] state in southern [[India]].

[[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is currently representing the constituency for first time.

==History==
The constituency came into existence in 2008, following the implementation of [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Bhuvanagiri Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] segments:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=29}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan=2 |Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|48
|[[Ibrahimpatnam Assembly constituency|Ibrahimpatnam]]
|[[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]]
|[[Malreddy Ranga Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
|93
|[[Munugode Assembly constituency|Munugode]]
|[[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]
|[[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]]
|-
|94
|[[Bhongir Assembly constituency|Bhongir]]
|[[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri]]
|[[Kumbam Anil Kumar Reddy]]
|-
|95
|[[Nakrekal Assembly constituency|Nakrekal]] (SC)
|[[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]
|[[Vemula Veeresham]]
|-
|96
|[[Thungathurthi Assembly constituency|Thungathurthi]] (SC)
|[[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
|[[Mandula Samuel]]
|-
|97
|[[Alair Assembly constituency|Alair]]
|[[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri]]
|[[Beerla Ilaiah]]
|-
|98
|[[Jangaon Assembly constituency|Jangaon]]
|[[Jangaon district|Jangaon]]
|[[Palla Rajeshwar Reddy]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1952-2008 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=122}}</ref>
|[[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Burra Narsaiah]]
|{{full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== General election, 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bhongir]]<ref name="Huge voter turnout in several Telangana LS constituencies leave political parties guessing">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Huge voter turnout in several Telangana LS constituencies leave political parties guessing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/huge-voter-turnout-in-several-telangana-ls-constituencies-leave-political-parties-guessing/article68178110.ece |access-date=17 May 2024 |date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517155903/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/huge-voter-turnout-in-several-telangana-ls-constituencies-leave-political-parties-guessing/article68178110.ece |archive-date=17 May 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=629,143|percentage=44.89|change={{increase}}0.52}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=406,973|percentage=29.04|change={{increase}}23.59}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kyama Mallesham|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|votes=256,187|percentage=18.28|change={{decrease}}25.66}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mohammad Jahangir|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=28,730|percentage=2.05|change={{down}}0.27}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=4,646|percentage=0.33|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=222,170|percentage=15.85|change={{up}}15.42}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,401,396|percentage=76.78|change={{increase}}2.29}}{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing = {{up}}0.52
}}{{Election box end}}

=== General election, 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhongir]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
| votes = 532,795
| percentage = 44.37
| change = {{up}}9.90
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]
| votes = 527,576
| percentage = 43.94
| change = {{up}}6.95
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Padala Venkata Shyam Sunder Rao
| votes = 65,451
| percentage = 5.45
| change = {{down}}9.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Goda Sri Ramulu
|votes = 28,153
|percentage = 2.32
|change = {{down}}2.14
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 5,119
| percentage = 0.43
| change = {{down}}2.09
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,212,777
| percentage = 74.49
| change = {{down}}6.78
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhongir]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Burra Narsaiah]]
| votes = 448,245
| percentage = 36.99
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]]
| votes = 417,751
| percentage = 34.47
| change = -10.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Indrasena Reddy]]
| votes = 183,217
| percentage = 15.12
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Cherupally Seetha Ramulu]]
|votes = 54,035
|percentage = 4.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Guahati Mothilal
|votes = 2,600
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 30,494
| percentage = 2.52
| change = -9.89
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,212,738
| percentage = 81.27
| change = +4.99
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = +31.87
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Bhongir]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy]]
| votes = 504,103
| percentage = 44.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Nomula Narsimhaiah]]
|votes = 364,215
|percentage = 32.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Praja Rajyam Party
| candidate = Chandra Mouli
| votes = 104,872
| percentage = 9.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Chintha Samba Murthy
| votes = 45,898
| percentage = 4.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 139,978
| percentage = 12.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,128,240
| percentage = 76.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Nalgonda district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coords|17.5|78.9|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhongir Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Telangana]]
[[Category:Nalgonda district]]

Thrissur Magic FC

2025-12-18T10:50:16Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made info.

{{Short description|Indian association football club based in Thrissur}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Thrissur Magic
| image = Thrissur_Magic_FC_logo.png
| image_size = 250px
| fullname = Thrissur Magic Football Club<ref>{{cite web |title=Thrissur Magic FC |url=https://thrissurmagicfc.com/ |website=Thrissur Magic FC |access-date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
| short name = TMFC
| nickname = The Magicians 
Thrissur Brigade<ref>{{cite web |title=Thrissur Brigade |url=https://www.instagram.com/thrissurbrigade/ |website=Instagram |access-date=August 25, 2024}}</ref>
| founded = {{start date and age|May 2024}}
| ground = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]] [[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium]] (selected matches)
| capacity = 15,000 30,000
| owner = [[Listin Stephen]] [[Nivin Pauly]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Magic FC for Thrissur in Super League Kerala |url=https://anweshanam.com/819518/magic-fc-for-thrissur-in-super-league-kerala/ |website=Anweshanam |date=10 August 2024 |access-date=20 August 2024}}</ref>
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Andrey Chernyshov]]
| league = [[Super League Kerala]]
| season =
| position =
| current =
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 =
| body1 =
| rightarm1 =
| shorts1 =
| socks1 =
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| leftarm2 =
| body2 =
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| website =
}}

'''Thrissur Magic Football Club'''<ref name="auto" /> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] professional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], that competes in the [[Super League Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Super League launched |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2023/04/05/kerala-super-league-launched.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=onmanorama.com |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115029/https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2023/04/05/kerala-super-league-launched.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The club was established in 2024 during the league's [[2024–25 Super League Kerala|inaugural season]]. [[Giovanni Scanu]] was announced as the first [[head coach]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/super-league-set-to-revolutionise-kerala-football-1.9828790|title=Super League set to revolutionise Kerala Football with star coaches and glitz|date=20 August 2024|first=Siraj|last=Kasim|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

==Personnel==

==Players==
{{updated|01 October 2025}}
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Jidhu K Roby}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=SRB|pos=FW|name=[[Ivan Marković (footballer, born 1991)|Ivan Marković]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Muhammed Jiyad}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Injamamul Hok}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Faisal Ali (footballer)|Faisal Ali]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Sumit Rathi]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Kamaludheen AK}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Tejas Krishna}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Prateek Kumar Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Sk Faiaz]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Jibin Devassy}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Mubaris PP}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=BRA|pos=DF|name= [[Maílson Alves|Maílson]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Lenny Rodrigues]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Shane Sajan Jacob}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Senthamil Sambakam}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=TRI|pos=FW|name=[[Marcus Joseph]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Muhammed Afsal}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Savio Sunil}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Laxmikant Kattimani]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=SRB|pos=DF|name=[[Dejan Uzelac]]}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=COL|pos=MF|name=[[Kevin Padilla]]}}
{{Fs end}}

==See also==
* [[List of football clubs in India#Kerala|List of football clubs in Kerala]]
* [[Football in Thrissur]]
* [[Football in Kerala]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Super League Kerala}}
{{Football in Kerala}}
{{Kerala Sports}}

[[Category:Football in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 2024|Thrissur Magic FC]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Kerala|Thrissur Magic FC]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Kerala]]
[[Category:Super League Kerala teams]]

{{India-footyclub-stub}}

Shriyanshi Valishetty

2025-11-25T10:11:18Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Short description|Indian badminton player (born 2007)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Shriyansh Valishetty
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2007|04|19}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], India
| handedness = Right
| coach =[[Pullela Gopichand]]
| event = Women's singles
| career_record = 62 wins, 34 losses
| highest_ranking = 46
| date_of_highest_ranking = 4 November 2025
| current_ranking = 49
| date_of_current_ranking = 25 November 2025
| bwfbadminton_id = 70595
| bwf_id = https://bwfbadminton.com/player/70595/shriyanshi-valishetty/
|height=1.76 m}}

'''Shriyanshi Valishetty''' (born 19 April 2007) is an Indian [[badminton]] player. She is the winner of women's singles event at the [[2025 Al Ain Masters]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=A.V |first=Aadharsh |title=Valishetty caps dream run with first BWF Super 100 crown |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/valishetty-caps-dream-run-with-first-bwf-super-100-crown/20251005.htm |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shriyanshi VALISHETTY {{!}} Profile |url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/70595/shriyanshi-valishetty |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=bwfbadminton.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Valishetty was born on 19 April 2007 in [[Hyderabad]]. She developed an interest in badminton at an early age, inspired by her elder brother, Ashrith, who was already involved in the sport. Since 2013, she has been training at the [[Gopichand Badminton Academy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-10-05 |title=Shriyanshi secures maiden BWF Super 100 title, Hariharan-Arjun win doubles |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/shriyanshi-secures-maiden-bwf-super-100-title-hariharan-arjun-win-doubles/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Daily Excelsior |language=en-US}}</ref> Under the mentorship of chief coach [[Pullela Gopichand]], who personally oversees the training of a select group of young athletes including Shriyanshi, she began refining her skills as a competitive player. According to her father, Ramakrishna, her early success in the sport was viewed as a positive indication of her potential and dedication to badminton.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-09 |title=Shriyanshi's Al Ain Masters win lifts Indian hopes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/shriyanshis-al-ain-masters-win-lifts-indian-hopes/articleshow/124404856.cms |access-date=2025-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Achievements ==

=== BWF World Tour (1 title) ===
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |website=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]] (BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |website=Badminton World Federation |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
! Ref
|-
| align="center" | [[2025 Al Ain Masters#Finals 2|2025]]
| align="left" | [[Al Ain Masters]]
| align="left" | Super 100
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tasnim Mir]]
| align="left" |15–21, 22–20, 21–7
| style="text-align:left; background:white" |{{gold1}} '''Winner'''
| style="text-align:center; background:white" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shriyanshi Valishetty Wins Women's Singles at Al Ain Masters 2025 |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/shriyanshi-valishetty-wins-womens-singles-at-al-ain-masters-2025/ |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=Akashvani}}</ref>
|}

=== BWF International (2 runners-up) ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | [[Slovenia Open (badminton)|Slovenia Open]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rakshitha Ramraj]]
| align="left" | 16–21, 17–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2025
| align="left" | [[Réunion Open]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Isharani Baruah]]
| align="left" | 19–21, 15–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white"| {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India-badminton-bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valishetty, Shriyanshi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Hyderabad, India]]

Hello World (TV series)

2025-10-21T00:20:44Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: started

{{Short description|Telugu comedy television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Hello_World_(web_series)_Official_Poster.jpg
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| location = India
| genre = [[Comedy]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| runtime = 24-40 minutes
| creator =
| director = [[Siva Sai Vardhan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-director-siva-sai-vardhan-hello-world-was-a-show-id-initially-written-for-two-seasons/5109969da844|title=Director Siva Sai Vardhan: Hello World was a show I'd initially written for two seasons|website=[[OTTplay]]|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
| starring = {{ubl|[[Aryan Rajesh]]||[[Sadha]]|Ram Nitin|}}
| writer = Siva Sai Vardhan
| music = PK Dhandi
| cinematography = Edurolu Raju
| editor = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| network = [[ZEE5]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/hello-world/0-6-4z5192239|title=Hello World on ZEE5|work=Centist|accessdate=22 Aug 2022|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827125830/https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/hello-world/0-6-4z5192239|url-status=live}}</ref>
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|07|22|df=yes}}
| producer = [[Niharika Konidela]]
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
}}

'''''Hello World''''' is a Telugu language [[comedy]] television series streaming on [[ZEE5]]. It was directed by Siva Sai Vardhan and featuresd [[Aryan Rajesh]], [[Sadha]], [[Ram Nitin]], [[Nayan Karishma]], [[Sudharsan Govind]], and [[Nitya Shetty]] in the primary roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/zee5s-new-original-series-hello-world-to-stream-from-august-12 |title= Telangana Today|date= 26 July 2022|accessdate=26 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/zee5-announces-new-original-hello-world-new-series-streams-from-august-12-43671|title=Hello World: New Telugu Series on Zee5|date=25 July 2022|accessdate=25 July 2022|archive-date=27 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727113046/https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/ott-webseries/zee5-announces-new-original-hello-world-new-series-streams-from-august-12-43671|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.mirchi9.com/news-beat/zee5-announces-hello-world-a-new-original/|title= ZEE5 Announces 'Hello World', a New Original|date= 25 July 2022|accessdate= 25 July 2022|archive-date= 9 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220809050823/https://www.mirchi9.com/news-beat/zee5-announces-hello-world-a-new-original/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hello-world-launched-in-partnership-with-t-hub-telugu-news-322009|title=Hello World' launched in partnership with T-Hub|date=13 August 2022|accessdate=13 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814092632/https://www.indiaglitz.com/hello-world-launched-in-partnership-with-t-hub-telugu-news-322009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeecinemalu.com/en/news-gossip/zee5s-hello-world-pre-release-event-was-held-at-t-hub-204345/|title=ZEE5's 'Hello World' pre-release event was held at T-Hub|accessdate=14 August 2022|archive-date=29 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829153426/http://www.zeecinemalu.com/en/news-gossip/zee5s-hello-world-pre-release-event-was-held-at-t-hub-204345/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was produced by [[Niharika Konidela]] and had music composed by PK Dhandi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm13152577/|title= Pk Dandi IMDB profile|website= [[IMDb]]|access-date=September 11, 2022}}</ref>

== {{anchor|Premise}}Overview ==
Hello World is an eight-episode [[slice of life]] workplace drama about 8 youngsters who join a large IT company, hoping that their struggles are all behind them, only to find that life has a lot more in store than they had imagined.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/hello-world/0-6-4z5192239|title= Hello World - ZEE5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hello-world-zee5-series-has-relatable-characters-telugu-news-321363/|title= 'Hello World': ZEE5 series has relatable characters|date= 30 July 2022|accessdate=30 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/aryan-rajesh-sada-starring-hello-world-web-series-gearing-up-for-release-204790.html|title= Hello World Gearing For Release|date= 25 July 2022|accessdate=25 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ragalahari.com/tollywood-news-2022-july/167043/zee5-announces-new-web-series-hello-world|title= 'Hello World' to stream on Zee5 from THIS date|accessdate=25 July 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The show opens with a bunch of college graduates - Siddharth, Varun, Amrutha, Meghana, Suresh, Rahul & Varsha - receiving job offers from a big IT company - PeopleTech. All of them arrive at the campus with dreamy eyes assuming that their future is going to be smooth and sorted. However, their excitement is short-lived when Prarthana, a senior IT employee working at the company, informs them that their jobs will be made permanent only after they all clear some mandatory training and evaluations. During the training period, they develop a beautiful bond among themselves and become friends. The situations these characters face prompt them to face many conflicts both personally and professionally and learn real-life lessons. The season ends on an emotional note by establishing the near-death situation of Raghav, their most admired trainer, and how they complete his unfinished project as a tribute to him.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-director-siva-sai-vardhan-hello-world-was-a-show-id-initially-written-for-two-seasons/5109969da844|title=Exclusive! Director Siva Sai Vardhan: Hello World was a show I'd initially written for two seasons|access-date=September 8, 2022|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911160843/https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-director-siva-sai-vardhan-hello-world-was-a-show-id-initially-written-for-two-seasons/5109969da844|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Aryan Rajesh]] as Raghav<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/sai-dharam-tej-introduced-hello-world-team/0209/122145730|work=Eenadu|title='Hello World'|accessdate=30 July 2022|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730125218/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/sai-dharam-tej-introduced-hello-world-team/0209/122145730|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sadha]] as Prardhana<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-sadaa-hello-world-made-me-understand-the-struggles-in-every-industry-are-quite-similar/438d73d9d7315|title= Exclusive! Sadaa: Hello World made me understand that the struggles in every industry are quite similar
|accessdate=25 August 2022}}</ref>
* Ram Nitin as Siddarth
* Nayan Karishma as Meghana
* Sudharsan Govind as Varun
* [[Nitya Shetty]] as Pravallika
*Nikil V Simha as Rahul
* Apoorva Rao as Varsha
* Geela Anil as Suresh
* Snehal S Kamat as Amrutha
*[[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Debashish
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] as Anand

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
''Hello World''' received mostly mixed reviews. The [[Times Of India]] rated it 3 out of 5.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/hello-world/hello-world-season-1/seasonreview/93637962.cms|title=Hello World Season 1 Review|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=18 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819030059/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/hello-world/hello-world-season-1/seasonreview/93637962.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ABP News]] rated it 2.75 out of 5 and commented, “'Hello World' is a simple and honest web series”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/hello-world-telugu-web-series-review-aryan-rajesh-sadaa-ram-nitin-nikhil-vijayendra-simha-my-village-show-anil-starrer-zee5-original-web-series-hello-world-review-rating-in-telugu-46284|title=Hello World Web Series Review|date=12 August 2022|accessdate=12 August 2022|archive-date=19 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819150459/https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/hello-world-telugu-web-series-review-aryan-rajesh-sadaa-ram-nitin-nikhil-vijayendra-simha-my-village-show-anil-starrer-zee5-original-web-series-hello-world-review-rating-in-telugu-46284|url-status=live}}</ref> OTTplay praised the performances of the cast and said, “Sivasai Vardhan, the director, lends authenticity to the portrayal of the corporate setup with his attention to detail”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/hello-world-review-a-relatable-workplace-drama-that-recovers-well-after-a-shaky-start/cfd6a2fe7813|title=Hello World review: A relatable workplace drama that recovers well after a shaky start|accessdate=12 August 2022|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827125830/https://www.ottplay.com/review/hello-world-review-a-relatable-workplace-drama-that-recovers-well-after-a-shaky-start/cfd6a2fe7813|url-status=live}}</ref> Binged had a critical view of the show and called it a “bland drama”, while rating it 5.5 out of 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/hello-world-web-series-review/|title=Hello World Review – Bland Drama With Relatable Backdrop|accessdate=12 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815141451/https://www.binged.com/reviews/hello-world-web-series-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Hello World'' went on to become one of the most watched web series made in Telugu language, clocking over a 100 million minutes of watch time within two weeks of launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hello-world-logs-100-million-viewing-minutes-on-zee5-telugu-news-322693|title= 'Hello World' logs 100 million viewing minutes on ZEE5|date= 27 August 2022|accessdate=27 August 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|21617580}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/hello-world/0-6-4z5192239 ''Hello World''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]

Naqib Khan

2025-10-19T07:04:41Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Added new entry basic info

{{Short description|Mughal scholar (d. 1614)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Naqib Khan
| image = Naqib Khan, Windsor.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Naqib Khan, {{circa|1610-1620}}, [[Royal Collection]]
| birth_name = Mir Ghiyas al-Din Ali Qazvini
| death_date = 1614
| notable_works = [[Razmnama]] 
[[Tarikh-i Alfi]]
| father = Mir Abd al-Latif Qazvini
| relatives = [[Yahya ibn Abd al-Latif Hoseyni Qazvini]] (grandfather)
}}

'''Mir Ghiyas al-Din Ali Qazvini''' ({{Langx|fa|میر غیاث‌الدین علی قزوینی}}; died 1614), known by his title '''Naqib Khan''' (نقیب خان), was a scholar and noble of the Mughal court during the reigns of emperors [[Akbar]] and [[Jahangir]]. He was involved in major literary products of the Mughal court, such as the ''[[Razmnama]]'' (a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'') and the work of history ''[[Tarikh-i Alfi]]''. He was valued by the Mughal court for his erudition in history and detailed memory.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Quinn |first=Sholeh A. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Persian_Historiography_across_Empires/GhIMEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=naqib+khan+mughal&pg=PA104&printsec=frontcover |title=Persian Historiography across Empires: The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals |date=2020-12-17 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-90170-3 |pages=102–105 |language=en}}</ref>

== Origins ==
Naqib Khan hailed from [[Qazvin]], in [[Safavid Iran]]. He came from a scholarly family that had served the Safavids; his grandfather was [[Yahya ibn Abd al-Latif Hoseyni Qazvini]], who authored the ''Lubb al-Tawarikh''. Husayni lived in Iran during the rule of [[Shah Tahmasp I]] and was imprisoned by the latter. Sources suggest this was because of accusations that the family was Sunni, though Mughal sources depict Naqib Khan himself as religiously moderate. Husayni died around 1555, and ten years later in 1565 the family [[Emigration of Iranians to India during the 16-18th centuries|moved to India]] on the invitation of the Mughal ruler [[Humayun]]. By the time they arrived Humayan had died and his son Akbar was now ruler; Naqib Khan's father Mir Abd al-Latif Qazvini was appointed as a tutor of Akbar shortly after. The respect accorded to Naqib's Khan father by Akbar is recollected in Jahangir's memoir ''[[Tuzuk-i Jahangiri]].'' Jahangir also identifies Naqib Khan as being a [[Sayyid]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morgan |first=David O. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_New_Cambridge_History_of_Islam_Volum/ANiaBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=naqib+khan+mughal&pg=PT239&printsec=frontcover |title=The New Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 3, The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries |last2=Reid |first2=Anthony |date=2010-11-04 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-18436-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Naqib Khan received his title from the Mughal emperor Akbar. He was involved in the translations of several Sanskrit texts into Persian'''.''' The Mahabharata was the most significant in importance and size of all the Sanskrit texts included in the translation projects; over the course of one and a half years, Naqib Khan completed its compilation, titled ''[[Razmnama]]'', in 1584 with the assistance of five learned [[Brahmins]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=RCIN 1005038.al - Portrait of Naqib Khan |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/exhibitions/eastern-encounters/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/portrait-of-naqib-khan |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Arjomand |first=Saïd Amir |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Persianate_Historical_Sociology/DiNrEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=naqib+khan+mughal&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover |title=Persianate Historical Sociology: Collected Essays |date=2025-07-09 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-74255-0 |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref>

In the early 1580s he was appointed compiler of the ''[[Tarikh-i Alfi]],'' a vast millenial history. He was one of seven initial scholars assigned to the massive project, and the highest in seniority, reflecting his reputation at Akbar's court.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Anooshahr |first=Ali |date=2012 |title=Dialogism and Territoriality in a Mughal History of the Islamic Millennium |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jesh/55/2-3/article-p220_2.xml |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume=55 |issue=2-3 |pages=220–254 |doi=10.1163/15685209-12341235 |issn=0022-4995|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Gommans |first=Jos |last2=Huseini |first2=Said Reza |date=2022 |title=Neoplatonism and the Pax Mongolica in the making of ṣulḥ-i kull. A view from Akbar's millennial history |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/neoplatonism-and-the-pax-mongolica-in-the-making-of-sulhi-kull-a-view-from-akbars-millennial-history/DF4FBCD1F408DBFD22B3F115B84527C1 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |language=en |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=870–901 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X21000044 |issn=0026-749X|hdl=1887/3420833 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Early during Jahangir's reign, the emperor considered sending Naqib Khan as an emissary to the court of Portuguese king [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]], but this did not materialize.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flores |first=Jorge |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Mughal_Padshah/o3XsCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=naqib+khan+mughal&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover |title=The Mughal Padshah: A Jesuit Treatise on Emperor Jahangir's Court and Household |date=2015-11-16 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-30753-7 |pages=15–16 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Naqib Khan died in 1614.<ref name=":1" /> In the ''Tuzuk-i Jahangiri'', Jahangir mentions that Naqib Khan was buried alongside his wife at the [[Shrine of Mu'in al-Din Chishti|dargah in Ajmer]].<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Historians from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1614 deaths]]

Firecrackers in India

2025-09-27T05:49:01Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created first post w/ refs...

{{short description|Laws on use of firecrackers}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Crackers vishu 5.jpg|thumb|Firecracker]]
[[File:Firecracker shop on Diwali.jpg|thumb|Firecracker shop on Diwali]]

A '''[[firecracker]]''' ('''cracker''', '''noise maker''', '''banger''',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=John|title=The Essential Lingo Dictionary: of Australian words and phrases|date=June 2015|publisher=Exisle Publishing|isbn=9781775592266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84VjCAAAQBAJ&q=bunger+firecracker&pg=PA27|access-date=May 29, 2017}}</ref>) is a small [[explosive]] device primarily designed to produce a large amount of noise, especially in the form of a loud bang, usually for celebration or entertainment. They have fuses, and are wrapped in a heavy paper casing to contain the explosive compound. Firecrackers, along with [[fireworks]], originated in [[China]]. They are easily available in India and are used to mark a celebratory event. Anyone 18 and over can buy them without a license if allowed by the local laws.

[[Diwali]] fireworks are a family event in many parts of India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Til-oil-bath-marks-Chhoti-Diwali-celebrations/articleshow/25147777.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131205212502/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-03/kanpur/43627803_1_diwali-eve-celebrations-bath | url-status=live | archive-date=5 December 2013 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | title=Til oil bath marks Chhoti Diwali celebrations | date=3 November 2013}}</ref> People light up fireworks near their homes and in streets. Additionally, cities and communities have community fireworks.

== History ==
This custom may have begun on the Indian subcontinent during 15th century when gunpowder started being utilised in Indian warfare following the [[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Islamic conquest of the Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="IEHistory">{{cite news |title=A brief and crackling history of fireworks in India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/a-crackling-history-of-fireworks-in-india-4890178/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=14 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

India's first fireworks factory was established in Calcutta during the 19th century.
The founder was a man named Gopal Mahindram. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/a-crackling-history-of-fireworks-in-india-4890178/|title=A brief and crackling history of fireworks in India|work=The Indian Express|date=14 November 2020|access-date=2021-12-18}}</ref>

== Pollution concerns ==
In October and November, farmers from [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] [[Stubble burning#India|burn stubble]] and other agricultural waste and the weather tends not to be windy, so Delhi's air pollution usually increases, which has been a major environmental problem since 2002.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|date=15 November 2020|title=Northern India chokes on toxic smog day after Diwali festival|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/15/india/toxic-smog-diwali-intl/index.html|access-date=15 November 2020|work=CNN}}</ref> Toxic smog generated during the burning of the firecrackers during Diwali festival can worsen this pollution.

== Ban on firecrackers ==
In October 2017, the Supreme Court banned firecrackers in Delhi, as a result of which the industry said it faced losses of Rs 1,000-crore and consequently layoffs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-ban-on-firecrackers-industry-stares-at-rs-1-000-crore-loss-layoffs/story-zctMTeZ16DaPf4O5DWggJI.html|title=SC ban on firecrackers: Industry stares at Rs 1,000-crore loss, layoffs|date=2017-10-09|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=2017-10-09|language=en}}</ref>

After India's [[National Green Tribunal]] (NGT) ordered a ban in the [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]] region on the sale and use of crackers in 2020, the [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) developed "green crackers" that used less polluting raw materials. Several states in India have either banned firecrackers or limited the time, noise level and type (mandatory use of less polluting firecrackers) that can be used.<ref name=htcrack1/> Nonetheless, many firecrackers were used to celebrate the Diwali holiday in 2020, immediately after which Delhi's air pollution was over 9 times the level that the [[World Health Organization]] considers safe.<ref name=":0" />

Researchers at [[Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health]] put out a working paper<ref>{{Cite web |last=ECIPH |date=2023-08-02 |title=India must ban firecrackers in the year of G20 Presidency & build a landmark contribution to climate action and COP28 |url=https://eciph.in/india-must-ban-firecrackers-in-the-year-of-g20-presidency-build-a-landmark-contribution-to-climate-action-and-cop28/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health |language=en-US}}</ref> which spoke about the hazards of firecrackers in Mangalore and parts of the country and called for an immediate regulation of hours of bursting and eventual phase out with a full ban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ECIPH |date=2023-10-05 |title=Health experts seek ban on firecrackers across all festivals, occasions in Karnataka |url=https://eciph.in/health-experts-seek-ban-on-firecrackers-across-all-festivals-occasions-in-karnataka/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health |language=en-US}}</ref>

Aaratrika Bhaumik mentions the ban put in place by the [[Calcutta High Court]] on firecrackers (green firecrackers included) throughout the state of [[West Bengal]] for the 2021 [[Diwali]] and [[Kali Puja]] festivities. The ban extends to all remaining festivals in the year, such as [[Chhath Puja]], [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]], [[Diwali]], [[Dusshera|Dasera]], [[Christmas]] and the New Year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhaumik|first=Aaratrika|date=2021-10-29|title=Calcutta High Court Bans Firecrackers In West Bengal During Diwali & Other Festivals|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/calcutta-high-court-bans-firecrackers-west-bengal-during-diwali-other-festivals-184600|access-date=2021-10-29|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en}}</ref>

=== Green or environment friendly firecracker===
{{anchor | Green | Green cracker | Green firecracker | Environment friendly firecracker }}
After India's [[National Green Tribunal]] (NGT) enacted a ban on the sale and use of crackers on Diwali festival in 2020, the [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) developed green crackers made from cleaner raw materials which reduce emissions by suppressing the production of dust; their emissions are 30% lower and are also of reduced loudness at 110-125 decibels instead of the more than 160 decibels of traditional firecrackers. However, green crackers still contain harmful pollutants such as aluminium, barium, potassium nitrate and carbon.<ref name=htcrack1>{{cite news |title=What are green firecrackers? All you need to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-are-green-firecrackers-all-you-need-to-know/story-dk4fuHpeZPp8nAOZWR6VOI.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2022 appeal in Supreme Court ===
The [[Delhi government]] had decided to stop the production, storage, sale, and use of all types of firecrackers to reduce the rising levels of pollution in Delhi. In September 2022, [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]], a Member of Parliament from the BJP moved the Supreme Court against the Delhi government. Tiwari said that that freedom of religion cannot be taken away under the pretext of the right to life.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP MP Manoj Tiwari Moves SC Against AAP Govt's Decision To Ban Firecrackers In Delhi |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/bjp-mp-manoj-tiwari-moves-sc-against-aap-govt-s-decision-to-ban-firecrackers-in-delhi-news-224887 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=www.outlookindia.com |date=21 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Supreme Court refused to provide an early hearing for the petition and dismissed the plea saying "Let People Breathe Clean Air".<ref>{{cite news |title=No urgent SC hearing on Delhi cracker ban; 'Let people breathe, spend money on sweets' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/sc-rejects-urgent-hearing-plea-on-delhi-firecracker-ban-let-people-breathe-101666255817704.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Let People Breathe Clean Air': SC Dismisses BJP Leader's Plea Against Cracker Ban In Delhi |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/-let-people-breathe-clean-air-sc-dismisses-bjp-leader-s-plea-against-cracker-ban-in-delhi-news-231520 |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=www.outlookindia.com |date=20 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> SC also asked the public to use the money on sweets instead of crackers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Evening brief: 'Spend money on sweets', says SC on Delhi cracker ban hearing; all the latest news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/evening-brief-supreme-court-turns-down-plea-seeking-urgent-hearing-on-delhi-cracker-ban-and-all-the-latest-news-101666262501468.html |access-date=21 October 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Fireworks]]
[[Category:Pyrotechnics]]
[[Category:Indian traditions]]
[[Category:Environmental law in India]]
[[Category:Pollution in India]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:Fireworks accidents and incidents in India|*]]

Ratle Hydroelectric Plant

2025-07-02T18:00:47Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created New Page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Ratle Dam
| name_official =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| location_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|33.1819|75.8052 |format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Drabshalla]], [[Kishtwar district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| purpose = P
| status = UC
| construction_began = 2022
| opening = 2028 (est.)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Sweta |title=India to commission 2 power projects on Chenab in 2026, contractors summoned |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/india-to-commission-2-power-projects-on-chenab-next-year-says-power-secy-13014428.html |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=Moneycontrol |date=6 May 2025}}</ref>
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner = [[NHPC Limited]]
| dam_type = Gravity
| dam_crosses = [[Chenab River]]
| dam_length =
| dam_height = {{Convert|133|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| dam_height_foundation =
| dam_height_thalweg =
| dam_elevation_crest =
| dam_width_crest =
| dam_width_base =
| dam_volume =
| spillway_count =
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| res_name =
| res_capacity_total = 78,710,000 m3
| res_capacity_active = {{Convert|23,860,000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}
| res_capacity_inactive = 54,850,000 m3
| res_catchment =
| res_surface =
| res_max_length =
| res_max_width =
| res_max_depth = 109 m
| res_elevation = 1,029 m msl
| res_tidal_range =
| plant_name = Ratle Hydroelectric Plant
| plant_coordinates = {{coord|33|9|9.21|N|75|45|05.68|E|type:landmark}}
| plant_operator =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| plant_type = 4 x 205 [[megawatt|MW]], 1 x 30 MW [[Francis-type]]
| plant_turbines =
| plant_hydraulic_head = {{Convert|100.39|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| plant_capacity = 850 MW
| plant_annual_gen =
| website =
| extra =
}}

'''Ratle Hydroelectric Plant''' project, including a {{Convert|133|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall [[gravity dam]] and two power stations adjacent to one another, is a [[run-of-the-river]] [[hydroelectric]] power station, currently under construction on the [[Chenab River]], downstream of the village near [[Drabshalla]] in [[Kishtwar district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Water from the dam will be diverted through four intake tunnels about {{Convert|400|m|mi|abbr=on}} southwest to the power stations. The main power station will contain four 205 [[megawatt|MW]] [[Francis turbine]]s and the auxiliary power station will contain one 30 MW Francis turbine. The installed capacity of both power stations will be 850 MW.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Ratle Hydro Electric Project: Project Design Document |url=https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/DB/1FMQIKF4DYXM9W7IBH4DIZ3GT8YB1J/view.html |publisher=UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) |date=8 July 2012 |accessdate=23 October 2022}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ratle H.E. Project |url=http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/PFR/J-K/Ratle.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Power |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410080804/http://powermin.nic.in/whats_new/PFR/J-K/Ratle.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> Though the pondage of the project is within the limit permitted under the India-Pakistan [[Indus Water Treaty]] (IWT), Pakistan has frequently tried to cause roadblocks for the project with allegation that it violates the Indus Waters Treaty,<ref name=permit1/> India unilaterally suspended the IWT in April 2025 to mitigate any roadblocks from Pakistan.<ref name=htnews1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/four-hydel-projects-over-chenab-in-j-k-likely-to-be-commissioned-by-2028-101746216478833.html Four hydel projects over Chenab in J&K likely to be commissioned by 2028], Hindustan Times, 3 May 2025.</ref>

==History==

===Project conception===
In June 2010, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] approved the project and chief minister [[Omar Abdullah]] initiated the tendering process for construction of 690 MW Rattle HEP.<ref>Indian PM sanctions financial package for Kashmir during visit, BBC Morning South Asia, 9 June 2010. {{ProQuest|365946466}}</ref> In October 2012, the Jammu and Kashmir state cabinet approved the enhanced capacity from 690 MW to 850 MW,<ref>Cabinet enhances power generation of Rattle Hydroelectric Project, The Northlines Jammu, 26 October 2012. {{ProQuest|1115111932}}</ref> Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone in June 2013,<ref>{{cite news |title=PM lays foundation stone for GVK's 850 MW Ratle hydel plant in J&K |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |date=25 June 2013 |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/pm-lays-foundation-stone-for-gvks-850-mw-ratle-hydel-plant-in-jk/article4849561.ece }}</ref> and in October 2013 the project was awarded to Hyderabad-based GVK Energy Limited on a build-own-operate-transfer basis for a 35 year period.<ref>Youth Congress leader concern over delay in start of Rattle HE project, Early Times Jammu, 23 October 2013. {{ProQuest|1443795615}}</ref>

===IWT dispute===
{{anchor | IWT}}

In 2017, Pakistan wanted a Court of Arbitration (CoA) to decide the disputed issues. India had instead sought for a Neutral Expert.<ref>Kishenganga to adversely impact Neelum Jhelum project: Asif, The Nation, Lahore, 18 January 2017. {{ProQuest|1859446886}}</ref> Pakistan raised objections citing violations of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) which were being parallelly undergoing arbitration by a Court of Arbitration (CoA) and a World Bank-appointed Neutral Expert in 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Controversial Kishenganga and Ratle hydropower projects: WB to hand over projects' papers to arbiters, neutral experts on 21st |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1010774-controversial-kishenganga-and-ratle-hydropower-projects-wb-to-hand-over-projects-papers-to-arbiters-neutral-experts-on-21st |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref> The disputes points, mostly technical in nature, were raised on the project.<ref name=rat>{{cite web |title=Award on the competence of the CoA (pages 3 and 28) |url=https://pca-cpa.org/en/cases/284/|access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref>

* Whether India’s proposed design for a maximum Pondage of 23.86 million cubic meters for the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is based on a method of calculations that contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(c) of Annexure D?

* Whether India’s proposed design for submerged power intakes at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(f) of Annexure D?

* Whether India’s proposed design for low-level sediment outlets at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant, in the form of a deep orifice spillway with five large, gated openings far below the Dead Storage Level and deep in the reservoir, contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(d) of Annexure D?

* Whether India’s proposed design for gated spillways for flood control at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant, with the bottom level of the gates in a normally closed position located approximately 31 meters below the Dead Storage Level and deep in the reservoir, contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(e) of Annexure D?

* Whether India’s proposed design for 2 meters of freeboard at the Ratle Hydroelectric Plant contravenes the Treaty, particularly Paragraph 8(a) of Annexure D?

The CoA also indicated that the objections to the project were submitted by Pakistan after a period of three months not meeting the Annexure D (10) stipulation of IWT.<ref name=rat/> Annexure D (10) says that if no objection is received by India from Pakistan within the specified period of three months, then Pakistan shall be deemed to have no objection to the project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full text of 'Indus Water Treaty' with Annexures, World Bank |date=1960 |url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTs/Volume%20419/volume-419-I-6032-English.pdf |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref>

===Construction===
{{anchor | Construction }}

In November 2018, India decided to commence the construction of the project considering Pakistan's objection invalid under [[Indus Waters Treaty]] obligations,<ref>{{cite news |title=Pak 'diplomatic sabotage' busted: India to go ahead with Ratle hydroelectric project, govt to send team to J&K |newspaper=Times Now |date=7 November 2018 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/pakistan-india-ratle-hydroelectric-project-indus-water-treaty-agreement-chenab-shahpur-kandi-dam-project-ujh-multipurpose-project-jammu-and-kashmir/310636 |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225224015/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/pakistan-india-ratle-hydroelectric-project-indus-water-treaty-agreement-chenab-shahpur-kandi-dam-project-ujh-multipurpose-project-jammu-and-kashmir/310636 |url-status=dead }}</ref> after the World Bank has informed India and Pakistan in August 2017 that construction by India meets the IWT conditions.<ref>
{{Cite web |author=PTI |title=Kishanganga project: India permitted to construct Kishanganga, Ratle projects: World Bank |newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 August 2017 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-permitted-to-construct-kishanganga-ratle-projects-world-bank/articleshow/59874464.cms}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ratle power project: Govt proposes joint venture with Union power ministry |newspaper=Greater Kashmir |date=1 November 2018 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/ratle-power-project-govt-proposes-joint-venture-with-union-power-ministry/301605.html }}</ref> Push for this was provided by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi to ensure that the water crisis for Punjab in India can be solved.<ref name=permit1>{{cite news |title=WB pause gives India free rein to complete Ratle project |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/421530-wb-pause-gives-india-free-rein-to-complete-ratle-project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108005611/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/421530-wb-pause-gives-india-free-rein-to-complete-ratle-project |archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Abbasi |first=Ansar |title=Pakistan may go to world court if India pursues Ratle Dam project |newspaper=The News International |date=20 July 2013 |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-24243-Pakistan-may-go-to-world-court-if-India-pursues-Ratle-Dam-project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720071703/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-24243-Pakistan-may-go-to-world-court-if-India-pursues-Ratle-Dam-project |archive-date=20 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}
</ref> After a February 2019 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between [[NHPC Limited]], Jammu & Kashmir State Power Development Department (JKPDD) and J&K State Power Development Corporation (JKSPDC),<ref>
{{cite news |title=NHPC, JKPDD & JKSPDC enter into MoU for Ratle Hydroelectric Project |url=https://kashmirpulse.com/news-in-pictures/nhpc-jkpdd-jkspdc-enter-into-mou-for-ratle-hydroelectric-project/31532.html |website=The Kashmir Pulse |date=3 February 2019}}</ref> the construction works by India started in December 2019, triggering new protest by Pakistan to World Bank against the dam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Violating IWT India starts Ratle Dam's construction |last=Zaafir |first=Muhammad Saleh |date=15 December 2019 |newspaper=The News International |access-date=30 December 2019 |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/583790-violating-iwt-india-starts-ratle-dam-s-construction }}</ref> In January 2022, after various delays the construction of the project finally commenced by the EPC contractor "Megha Engineering Ltd".<ref>{{cite web |title=Ratle Hydroelectric Power Plant, Jammu and Kashmir, India |url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/ratle-hydroelectric-power-plant-jammu-and-kashmir/ |publisher=Power Technology|date=13 February 2023 |accessdate=17 April 2023}}</ref>

==Details==

The 850MW facility is expected to generate up to 3,136 million units of electricity in a year. The Public Investment Board (PIB) of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, recommended an investment approval of $690m (Rs52.82bn) for the project in September 2020.

==Current status==

* May 2025: Ratle project was 21% complete, IWT was suspended by India, expected completion date was revised to 2028.<ref name=htnews1/>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|India|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
{{GeoGroup}}

* [[Chenab_River#Dams|Chenab river basin dams and hydroelectric projects]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Power Plants of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Dams in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Dams under construction]]
[[Category:Dams on the Chenab River]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Gravity dams]]
[[Category:Run-of-the-river power stations]]

Kudarikoti Annadanayya Swamy

2025-05-21T13:58:37Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: stub...

{{Short description|Indian judge (1935–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
'''Kudarikoti Annadanayya Swami''' (20 March 1935 – 14 February 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr.Justice K.A.Swamy |url=https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/bio_data/HCKformer_judges/swamy.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in}}</ref> was an Indian judge who served as [[Chief Justice of Madras High Court]] from 1993 to 1997<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Chief Justice |url=https://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjlist.html |website=Madras High Court}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Court |first=India Supreme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce895A5qiv8C&q=Kudarikoti+Annadanayya+Swamy |title=Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts as on ... |date=1997 |publisher=Government of India |language=en}}</ref> and also was Judge of [[Karnataka High Court]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr.Justice K.A.Swami |url=https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/bio_data/HCKformer_judges/swamy.html |access-date=19 September 2022 |website=Karnataka High Court}}</ref>

== Personal life and career ==
Swami was born on 20 March 1935. He was appointed to Judge of [[Karnataka High Court]] in 1980 and also was Acting Chief Justice of Karnataka High Court from 1992 to 1993 and then became [[Chief Justice of Madras High Court]] on 1 July 1993.<ref name=":0" /> Justice K A Swami died on 14 February 2023, at the age of 87.<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/former-cj-of-madras-hc-justice-k-a-swami-passes-away-1191080.html Former CJ of Madras HC Justice K A Swami passes away]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swamy, Kudarikoti Annadanayya}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian judges]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Kadri Manjunath Temple

2025-05-06T07:09:35Z

Abdurrazzakrazu:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Kadri Manjunatha Temple|district=[[Dakshina Kannada]]|image=Kadri temple entrance mangalore.jpg|locale=[[Kadri, Mangalore]]|deity=Manjunatha (Lord [[Shiva]])|state=[[Karnataka]]}}
{{coord|12|53|8.8|N|74|51|20.1|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}
'''Kadri Manjunatha Temple''' is a historic temple in [[Mangaluru]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The incharge and priests in the temple are Shivalli [[Madhva Brahmins]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Monastic Wanderers: Nāth Yogī Ascetics in Modern South Asia|author=Veronique Bouillier|publisher=Routledge|date=7 August 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxIwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT64|page=64|isbn=9781351399623 |quote=The complex, temples and monastery, are included in the same appellation of Kadri-Mañjunāth that attests their connection, even though the Mañjunāth temple is now in charge of the Vishnuite Madhva Brahmins.}}</ref>

==History==
The temple of Manjunatheshwara on the hills of Kadri is said to be built{{Weasel inline|date=April 2024}} during the 10th or 11th century. It was converted to a complete stone structure during the 14th century.

The bronze (panchlauha) idol of Lokeshwar (identified as Brahma), about 5 feet high, of the temple is called as oldest of the South Indian temples. It has an inscription dated 968 CE (or 1068 CE<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlyDot9RyGcC&dq=King+Kundavarma&pg=PA148 Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies, Padmanabh S. Jaini, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2001 p. 148]</ref>), engraved on the pedestal. The inscription states that King Kundavarma of the Alupa Dynasty installed the Lokeshwara idol in Kadarika Vihara.<ref>[http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/05-18/features3990.htm Worship of Lord Brahma, Part 85, 2005]</ref> It mentions Mangaluru as "Mangalapura". The image has three faces and six arms, and holds and hold flowers in two of the arms. The crown depicts a Dhyani Buddha. The image has an ornate prabhavali, and two attendants. It is very well preserved with enameled eyes. There exist two other undated bronze images of similar craftsmanship, one of them is identifiable as an [[Avalokiteśvara|Avalokiteshwar]] (called [[Narayana]]) and other as [[The Buddha|Buddha]] (called [[Vyasa|Vedavyasa]]).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YxIwDwAAQBAJ&dq=kadri+buddhist&pg=PT5 Monastic Wanderers: Nāth Yogī Ascetics in Modern South Asia, Veronique Bouillier, Routledge, 2017, ch. 4. The Kadli Math History ]</ref> Another stone inscription in Tulu, Kannada and Malayalam scripts of 12-13th century CE, in temple's kitchen, states that the ruler and the local landlords contributed land for the temple. A 1730 CE text Kadli Manjunath Mahatmyam gives an account of the association with Natha Mantha.

It is believed{{Weasel inline|date=April 2024}} that [[Parashurama]] who was living in Sahyadri, killed the [[Kshatriya|Kshathriyas]] who were cruel and donated the lands to Kashyapa. He prayed to Lord Shiva for a place to live. Lord Shiva assured Parashurama that if he performed a penance at Kadali Kshethra, Lord Shiva would reincarnate as Manjunatha for the betterment of the world. As per Shiva's orders Parashurama threw his axe into the sea and created a place for his penance. Yielding to Parashurama's prayers Lord Shiva appeared to him as Manjunatha with Goddess [[Parvathi]] and stayed at Kadri for the betterment of the world. As per the orders of Manjunatha the Sapthakoti Manthras become the seven Theerthas.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

This temple has [[Hindu]] and [[Buddhist]] histories. Buddhism was practised here till the 10th century CE.<ref name=NAYAK>{{cite news|last=Nayak |first=Amrita |title=History set in bronze |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |access-date=29 June 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=12 April 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309162949/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp |archive-date=9 March 2006 }}</ref> In spite of the decline of Buddhism elsewhere, devotion to the Buddhist figures of [[Manjusri]] and [[Avalokiteśvara]] continued in this region. The [[Nath]] cult was partly oriented towards Buddhism as well as the Tantric [[Shiva]] tradition. As a result, many Buddhist temples were taken over by Hindu traditions. According to [[M. Govinda Pai]] this temple was known as ''Kadri Manjunatha'' where is ''Manjunatha'' relates to Shiva and ''Kadri'' is derived from ''Kadri [[Vihara]]'' which was Buddhist [[monastery]] of the [[Vajrayana]] cult.<ref name=JAINI>{{cite book|editor-last=Jaini|editor-first=Padmanabh S.|title=Collected papers on Buddhist studies|year=2001|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=8120817761|pages=147–150|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlyDot9RyGcC&q=%22kadri%22+%22caves%22&pg=PA148|edition=1.}}</ref>

King Kundavarma of the [[Alupas|Alupa dynasty]] left an inscription on the base of the Avalokiteśvara image stating he was devotee of [[Shiva]]. This image was not of Buddha, but of [[Bodhisattva]], who was being worshiped as integrated form of Shiva. Further M. Govinda Pai has concluded this was center of [[Bodhisattva]] Manjusri's cult. And later on this Bodhisattavs were identified as Saivite deities.<ref name=JAINI /> [[Lingam|Shiv linga]] and [[Bodhisattva]] were worshiped together for centuries at this place until it was converted completely to a Saivite temple. ''Kadarika Vihara'' provides firm inscriptional evidence for this transformation.<ref name=JAINI />

In front of the temple, at a height there are a number of water ponds. There's a garden surrounding the ponds. When one walks down from there in front of the temple is a huge lightpole. During karthika maasa, deepothsava is held here. There are statues of Machendranath, Gorakanath, Shringinath, Lokeshwara, Manjushri, and Buddha in the temple.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==Description==
[[File:Kadri.JPG|thumb|right|A view near Kadri Manjunath temple]]
Now, the chief [[deity]] of this [[temple]] is Manjunatha, which incorporates a Shiva linga. The statue of Lokeshwara in the seated position{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} with three faces and six arms is tipped to be the best bronze statue in India.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp
|date=2005-04-12
|title=History set in bronze
|access-date=2006-03-25
|publisher=Deccan Herald
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309162949/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr122005/spectrum833262005411.asp
|archive-date=2006-03-09
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It is about 1.5 meter tall.<ref>{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Nick |title=The rough guide to South India |year=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |location=London |isbn=1843531038 |page=250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC&q=%22kadri%22+%22cave%22&pg=PA250|edition=3rd |author2=David Abram |display-authors=etal}}</ref>

== Gomukha and water tanks ==
There is a natural spring at an elevated location at the back of the temple. It is called Gomukha. It is believed{{Weasel inline|date=April 2024}} that the water flows from Bhageerathi river, in Kashi and thereby it gets its name as Kashi Bhageerathi theertha. The water from this spring is let into nine ponds of different sizes adjacent to it. Visitors wash themselves in these ponds before entering the main temple.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

==Annual festival==

Annual Jathra Mahothsava is held during the month of January. Nine days of festival starts on the day of [[Makar Sankranti|Makara Sankranthi]]. Bhandara of Malaraya Daiva is paraded from Kadri Kambala Ganada Kottige house ( G.K House kadri kambla, initiative led by DK Ashok) hasiru hore kanikey (requirements of mass feedings) is pompously carried forward. Theertha snana is held at morning, followed by dwajasthambha arohana, lighting of kanchi sthambha, and bali uthsava on the same day.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==Savari Bali==

Uthsava bali is held for four days, where lord Manjunatha consecutively visits four kattas in the four directions.

# Bikarnakatte savari
# Mallikatte savari
# Mundana katte savari
# Konchadi katte savari

On the seventh day of festival, after the savari's "Seventh Deepothsava" is held and "Maha Anna Samtharpaney" (mass feeding) is held.

Thousands of people assemble to get fed by the delicacies of prasadam offered.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

===Maha rathothsava===

Following day of mass feeding, Maha manmaha[[rathothsava]], chariot uthsava is held. Devotees all over the world assemble to seek the blessings of lord Shree Manjunatha and to be a part of the grand ceremony.

BELLI RATHOTHSAVA or silver chariot uthsava is then followed.

AVABRITHA SNANA DAY

Thulabhara seve, Avabritha snana, Chandramandalothsava, and Dhwaja arohana is held.

"MALARAYA DAIVA NEMOTHSAVA"

Parva is held for Malaraya daiva, the right servant and Anappa daiva, the left servant of Manjunatha God. Procession of the bhandara from temple to kadri hills where nemothsava is held in the daivasthana for Malaraya and bhanta daiva. After the nemothsava the bhandara is brought back to G.K House kadri kambla, from where it was originally brought from.

Under the guidance of Sudhakar rao Pejawar and mallika kala vrinda, cultural programs are held daily during the annual festival.

Delicious meals or anna prasadham is fed to all the devotees during jathra mahothsava.

Maha pooja, Uthsava bali, Nithya bali, Bhootha bali is held daily.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==See also==
* [[Polali Rajarajeshwari Temple]]
* [[Sri Gopalakrishna Temple Kumble]]
* [[Madhur Temple]]
* [[Avalokiteśvara]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://mangaladevitemple.com/ Mangaladevi temple]

{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Karnataka]]

Potdar

2025-05-04T06:56:08Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created A Page!

'''Potdar''' ({{langx|mr|पोतदार}}) is a hereditary title and a surname native to the [[Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. This surname is mainly found among the [[Panchal Sonar]], [[Deshastha Brahmin]] and [[Karhade Brahmin]] communities.<ref>{{cite book|title=Terrorism in Bengal: Terrorists outside Bengal deriving inspiration from and having links with Bengal terrorists|author=Amiya K. Samanta|publisher=Government of West Bengal|year=1995|page=967|quote= Potdar, Govind Narayan, Deshastha Brahmin, residence Bombay City. Owns the Pioneer Alkaline Works at Parel.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement in India: 1885-1920|publisher=Printed at the Govt. Central Press|year=1958|page=532|author=N.R.Phatak|quote=Potdar is an Extremist and a protege of Dr. Moreshwar Gopal Deshmukh, M.D., B.Sc. He is a Deshastha Brahmin, resident of Akalkot, Sholapur District, and was educated at H. H., the Nizam's College, Hyderabad.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of modern Marathi literature, 1800-1938|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yplHAAAAMAAJ|page=589|author=Govind Chimnaji Bhate|publisher=The author|year=1939|quote=Datto Vaman Potdar comes from a Desasth Brahmin family hailing from Kolaba district. Dattu (the colloquial for Datto fuller name being Dattatraya) was born at Biravadi, taluka Mahad, district Kolaba in 1890.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India (Volumes I and II)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6h2Gm1gPZZQC&pg=PT500|page=500|author=Robert Vane Russell|publisher=Library of Alexandria|year=1916|isbn = 9781465582942|quote=Potdar:—(A moneytester) Synonym and title of Sunar. A surname of Karhara Brahmans in Saugor.}}</ref> Potdar is part of Maratha revenue system, as well as the local administrative body in the state of [[Maharashtra]].

==Etymology==
''Potdar,'' derived from [[Persian language|Persian]] ''Fotdar,'' literally means "purse bearar" or [[Treasurer]]. They were in charge of testing the genuineness weight of minted coins.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Journal of the administrative sciences|publisher=Patna University. Institute of Public Administration, Patna University |year=1979|volume=v. 24–25|page=96}}</ref> Along with Kulkarni, Joshi, Gurav, Lohar, Kumbhar, Parit, Nhavi, Sutar, Chambhar, Mahar and Mang, who came from different castes, the ''Potdar'' formed a part of [[Bara Balutedar]] system.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Contemporary political leadership in India|date=1998|publisher=APH Pub. Corp|others=Bakshi, S. R. (Shiri Ram), 1935-, Sharma, Sita Ram, 1932-, Gajrani, S.|isbn=9788176480079|location=New Delhi|pages=|oclc=39986188}}</ref>

==Potdar as a title==
The privilege of ''Potdari'' was granted by the [[Peshwa]] to a person who could advance a fixed sum of rupees to the government. The Potdar was to examine the coins used in of day-to-day transactions.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Maratha administration in the 18th century|author=Mahajan, T. T.|date=1990|publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|isbn=9788171690817|location=New Delhi, India|oclc=23609308}}</ref> In exchange for their services, they were granted hereditary rights (''Vatan'') to a share in the village harvest.<ref>Fukazawa, H., 1972. Rural Servants in the 18th Century Maharashtrian Village—Demiurgic or Jajmani System?. Hitotsubashi journal of economics, 12(2), pp.14-40.</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Datto Vaman Potdar]] - an [[India]]n [[historian]]; former Vice-Chancellor of [[University of Pune]].
*[[Achyut Potdar]] - an [[India]]n [[Bollywood]] actor

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Marathi culture]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]

Kartush Marak

2025-03-29T19:23:15Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: started...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Kartush R. Marak''' (born 1977)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kartush R. Marak(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BAGHMARA (ST)(SOUTH GARO HILLS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Meghalaya2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6765 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Meghalaya]]. He is a member of the [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]] from [[Baghmara, Meghalaya Assembly constituency|Baghmara Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[South Garo Hills district]]. He won the [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]] as an [[independent politician]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Election Results 2023: Check full list of constituency-wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/meghalaya-election-results-2023-check-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-npp-bjp-congress-tmc-udp-2341598-2023-03-02 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya Elections Result 2023 Winners List Live: Check The Full List Of Winners |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/meghalaya-election-results-2023-winners-live-updates-meghalaya-results-complete-winners-name-list-bjp-congress-ndp-npp-pdf-1585550 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Marak is from Gasuapara village, South Garo Hills District, Meghalaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members {{!}} Meghalaya Government Portal |url=https://meghalaya.gov.in/meghalaya-legislative-assembly/44305 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=meghalaya.gov.in}}</ref> He is the son of late Soilendro G. Momin. He studied Class 10 at Dalu Government High School, Dalu in 1996 and passed the [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate]] examinations conducted by [[Meghalaya Board of School Education]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Marak won from Baghmara Assembly constituency as an independent candidate in the 2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election. He polled 9,013 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Samuel M. Sangma of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 2,225 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartush R. Marak in Meghalaya Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/meghalaya/kartush-r-marak-baghmara-candidate-s15a060c004/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-02 |title=Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423102958/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=2025-01-01 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marak, Kartush}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Meghalaya MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from South Garo Hills district]]

{{Meghalaya-politician-stub}}

Government Medical College, Kannauj

2025-02-09T15:36:27Z

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#REDIRECT [[Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar Government Medical College, Kannauj]]

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Mamankam festival

2025-01-27T03:30:29Z

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#REDIRECT [[Mamankam]]

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Dayalpura

2024-10-09T21:29:54Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: Created some data basic info...

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dayalpura
| official_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27|28|58|N|74|44|03|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of Villages of India|Village]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| seat_type = Gram Panchayat
| seat = Dayalpura
| area_land_ha = 1450.36
| postal_code = 341303
| website = https://didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome/1277
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_total = 3363
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| area_code = 01580
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]
| leader_title = Sarpanch
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Didwana Kuchaman District]]
}}

'''Dayalpura''' is a village in the [[Didwana]] Tehsil of [[Didwana Kuchaman district|Didwana-Kuchaman]], Rajasthan, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पोर्टल, राजस्थान सरकार |url=https://didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome/1277 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=didwana-kuchaman.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref> It falls under the Didwana development block and is 18 km away from the Didwana which is the nearest town to Dayalpura. The village is administrated by a [[sarpanch]], who is an elected representative of the village. Dayalpura is the seat of local village panchayat government.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jan Soochna Portal |url=https://jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in/Services/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=jansoochna.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 census, the population of village Dayalpura was 3,363, of which 1,755 are males and 1,608 are females.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Visualizations {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

* Dayalpura has 500 children, 259 boys and 241 girls.
* Scheduled caste counts for 1069 (31.79%) males constitute 562 (16.71%) of the population and females 507 (15.08%).
* Scheduled tribe counts for 23 (0.68%) males constitute 11 (0.33%) of the population and females 12 (0.36%).<ref name=":1" />
* Population density of Dayalpura is 230.6 persons per square kilometer.

== Education ==
As per the census 2011 report, 2033 people are literate in Dayalpura out of which 1269 are males and 764 are females.<ref name=":1" />
Dayalpura has the following educational facilities:

* 1 Government Senior secondary school {Co-Ed}
* 1 Government Primary school {Co-Ed}
* 1 Upper primary school {For Girls}
* 2 Private Schools, one secondary and senior secondary

For higher education, students depend on nearby cities such as Didwana, Shahpura, Sikar, etc.<ref name=":0" />

== Medical facilities ==
Dayalpura has one Primary Healthcare Center and one Ayurvedic Health Center. For the treatment of severe disease, residents rely on hospitals in larger cities as there are no specialist doctors or advanced medical facilities available in the village.<ref name=":0" />

== Economy ==
According to a census 2011 report, 1503 people of the total population are employed. Out of that, 902 are male, and 601 are female, with 35.73% (537) of all workers being employed full-time.<ref name=":1" />

Residents of Dayalpura also migrate to nearby cities for seasonal employment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पोर्टल, राजस्थान सरकार |url=https://nagaur.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome/45 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=nagaur.rajasthan.gov.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nagaur district]]

Vijay 61

2024-05-27T13:13:21Z

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#REDIRECT [[Mersal]]

Wazirpur Kotla

2023-11-29T21:04:50Z

Abdurrazzakrazu: made a post

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{other uses|Kotla (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Wazirpur Kotla
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Wazirpur Kotla.png
| map_caption = Map showing Wazirpur Kotla in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.27802|N|78.48079|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.024
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1384
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Wazirpur Kotla''' ({{IAST|Wazīrpur Koṭlā}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,384, in 280 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Wazirpur Kotla had a population of 1,384, in 280 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|102}} This population was 53.0% male (733) and 47.0% female (651). The 0-6 age group numbered 191 (106 male and 85 female), making up 13.8% of the total population. 660 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 47.7% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|104-5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Wazirpur Kotla as having a population of 810 people (431 male and 379 female), in 139 households and 135 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|188-9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Wazirpur Kotla (as "Wazidpur Kotla") as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 512 people (270 male and 242 female), in 74 households and 43 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 258 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Wazirpur Kotla had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|102-7}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]