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Perambra Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T15:50:27Z

Aaron: article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Perambra
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 24
| map_image = File:Perambra Vadakara Road.jpg
| map_caption = Perambra-Vadakara road
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,98,218 (2021)
| mla = [[Fathima Thahiliya]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| alliance = {{legend2|#0087BD |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| district = [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
}}
'''Perambra State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Vatakara Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district, Kerala.
|access-date = 6 September 2019
|archive-date = 8 September 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

== Local self-governed segments==
Perambra Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kozhikode District
|access-date = 6 September 2019
|archive-date = 8 September 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190908212832/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kozhikode.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="50px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Arikkulam]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Koyilandy]]
|-
|2
|[[Chakkittapara]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|3
|[[Changaroth]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|4
|[[Cheruvannur Grama Panchayat|Cheruvannur]]
|Grama Panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|5
|[[Keezhariyur]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|6
|[[Koothali]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|7
|[[Meppayur]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|8
|[[Nochad]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|9
|[[Perambra]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|-
|10
|[[Thurayur]]
|Grama panchayat
|Koyilandy
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama
Sabha
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Tenure
|-
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|1st
| [[Kumaran Madathil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|1957 – 1960
|-
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
|2nd
| P. K. Narayanan Nambiar
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|1960 – 1965
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|3rd
|[[V. V. Dakshinamoorthi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|1967 – 1970
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|4th
|[[K. G. Adiyodi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1970 – 1977
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|5th
|[[K. C. Joseph (Kuttanadu politician)|K. C. Joseph]]
|{{Full party name with color|Kerala Congress}}
|1977 – 1980
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|6th
| V. V. Dakshinamoorthy
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=10|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=y}}
|1980 – 1982
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|7th
| rowspan="2" |[[A. K. Padmanabhan]]
|1982 – 1987
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|8th
|1987 – 1991
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|9th
| rowspan="2" | N. K. Radha
|1991 – 1996
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|10th
|1996 – 2001
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|11th
|[[T. P. Ramakrishnan]]
|2001 – 2006
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|12th
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Kunhammad]]
|2006 – 2011
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
|2011 – 2016
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|14th
| rowspan="2"|T. P. Ramakrishnan
| 2016 - 2021
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|15th
|[[Incumbent]]
|}

== Election results ==

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambara }}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[T. P. Ramakrishnan]]
|votes = 76342
|percentage = 44.36
|change = -8.34%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Union Muslim League
|candidate = Fathima Thahiliya
|votes = 81429
|percentage = 47.32
|change = +8.52%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = Mohanan Master
|votes = 13042
|percentage = 7.58
|change = +0.78%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 5087
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =IUML
|swing = IUML Gain from CPIM
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,88,997 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1124.htm?ac=24}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]:Perambra}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate=[[T. P. Ramakrishnan]]
|votes=86,023
|percentage=52.7
|change={{increase}}5.56|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party= Independent politician
|candidate=C H Ebrahimkutty
|votes=63,431
|percentage= 38.8
|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate=Adv. K V Sudheer
|votes=11,165
|percentage=6.8
|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate=Ismail Kammana
|votes=1,465
|percentage=0.9
|change={{increase}}0.23|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=None of the above
|candidate=None of the above
|votes=458
|percentage=0.28|change={{decrease}}0.12|}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes=22,592
|percentage=13.9
|change={{increase}}11.22|}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes=1,63,279
|percentage=86.63
|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,79,658 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambra}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=T. P. Ramakrishnan|votes=72,359|percentage=47.14|change={{decrease}}4.77|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Congress (M)|candidate=Muhammad Ikbal|votes=68,258|percentage=44.46|change={{increase}}3.84|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=Sukumaran Nair|votes=8,561|percentage=5.58|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Welfare Party of India|candidate=Razak Paleri|votes=1,673|percentage=1.09|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=K. P. Gopi|votes=1,036|percentage=0.67|change={{decrease}}0.43}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Muhammed Iqbal Bappubaith|votes=637|percentage=0.41|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=616|percentage=0.40|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=M. T. Muhammad|votes=224|percentage=0.15|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Muhammad Iqbal Pallath|votes=148|percentage=0.10|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=4,101|percentage=2.68|change={{decrease}}8.61}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,53,512|percentage=85.45|change={{increase}}0.71}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing={{decrease}}4.77}}{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,59,699 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambra}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=K. Kunhammad|votes=70,248|percentage=51.91|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Kerala Congress (M)|candidate=Mohammad Ikbal|votes=54,979|percentage=40.62|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=P. Chandrika|votes=7,214|percentage=5.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=T. K. Kunammad Faisy|votes=1,494|percentage=1.10|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Akhilkumar|votes=801|percentage=0.59|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=K. K. Vasu|votes=598|percentage=0.44|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=15,269|percentage=11.29|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,35,334|percentage=84.74|change=}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing=}}{{Election box end}}
===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Perambra]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunhiram Kidavu Polloyil |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=20,730 |percentage=44.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalandankutty, Puthiyottil |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,222 |percentage=39.41% |change=39.41% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balakrishnan Nair Kolliyil |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=7,287 |percentage=15.76% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,508 |percentage=5.42% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,239 |percentage=69.67% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,367 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Perambra]]
* [[Kozhikode district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

Oru Sarkar Ulpannam

2026-05-04T17:48:22Z

Aaron: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oru Sarkar Ulpannam
| image = Oru Sarkar Ulpannam.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = T. V. Renjith
| writer = [[Nizam Rawther]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = T. V. Krishnan Thuruthi Renjith Jaganathan K. C. Raghunathan
| starring = Subish Sudhi [[Shelly Kishore]] [[Gouri G Kishan]] Vineeth Vasudevan Darshana S Nair Jayasree T.V
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Ansar Shah]]
| editing = Jithin D. K.
| music = Ajmal Hasbulla
| studio = Bhavani Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|3|8}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Oru Sarkar Ulpannam''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by T. V. Renjith. The film was released to positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2024/03/10/oru-sarkar-ulpannam-movie-getting-postive-reports.html|title=പണവും സമയവും നഷ്ടപ്പെടുത്താത്ത മനോഹര ചിത്രം: സർക്കാർ ഉത്പന്നത്തിനു പ്രശംസയേറുന്നു|website=[[ManoramaOnline]]|language=ml}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*Subish Sudhi as Pradeepan
*[[Shelly Kishore]] as Shyama
*[[Gouri G Kishan]] as Divya
* Jaffer idukki as Rajan Left Party Leader
* Hareesh Kanaran as Ganeshan
*Vineeth Vasudevan as Subash
*[[Aju Varghese]] as Health Inspector Babusenan
*Darshana S. Nair as Advocate Haritha
*[[Joy Mathew]] as Judge
*[[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as Prosecution Advocate
*[[Gokulan]] as Velichappadu
*[[Lal Jose]] as Dasettan
}}

== Production ==
The film was initially titled ''Oru Bharatha Sarkar Ulpannam''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/censor-board-directs-makers-to-remove-bharatha-from-title-of-malayalam-film-oru-bharatha-sarkar-ulpannam/article67907069.ece|title=Censor board directs makers to remove 'Bharatha' from title of Malayalam film 'Oru Bharatha Sarkar Ulpannam'|first=S. R.|last=Praveen|date=2 March 2024|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Feb/23/oru-bharatha-sarkar-ulpannam-trailer-village-vasectomy-and-variety-52327.html|title=Oru Bharatha Sarkar Ulpannam trailer: Village, vasectomy and variety|date=23 February 2024|website=Cinema Express}}</ref> The film's writer [[Nizam Rawther]] died three days prior to the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/script-writer-nizam-ravuther-passed-1264598|title='ഒരു സര്‍ക്കാര്‍ ഉല്‍പന്നം' സിനിമയുടെ തിരക്കഥാകൃത്ത് നിസാം റാവുത്തര്‍ അന്തരിച്ചു | Madhyamam|first=മാധ്യമം|last=ലേഖകൻ|date=6 March 2024|website=[[Madhyamam]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "Amidst its low stakes and shortcomings, there's a certain earnestness in ''Oru Sarkar Ulpannam''’s schematic storytelling, which majorly owes to Rawther's writing and the conviction of its actors".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Mar/09/oru-sarkar-ulpannam-movie-review-endearing-satire-where-intent-meets-execution|title='Oru Sarkar Ulpannam' movie review: Endearing satire where intent meets execution|first=Vivek|last=Santhosh|date=9 March 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/oru-sarkar-ulpannam-malayalam-movie-review-1.9388806|title=തമാശകൾക്കൊടുവിൽ കളികാര്യമാകുമ്പോൾ; നീണ്ട നാളുകൾക്ക് ശേഷം 'ഒരു സർക്കാർ ഉത്പന്നം'|language=ml|date=8 March 2024|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2024/03/08/oru-sarkar-ulpannam-movie-review.html|title=‍‍‍നർമത്തിലൂടെ തുറന്നിടുന്ന നേർക്കാഴ്ചകൾ; ഒരു സർക്കാര്‍ ഉൽപന്നം റിവ്യു|language=ml|website=[[ManoramaOnline]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film four out of five stars and wrote that "''Oru Sarkar Ulpannam'' does not necessarily give you anything grand, but it does give you something that is grounded and simple and more importantly, good".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/oru-sarkar-ulpannam-review-a-small-package-that-delivers-an-excellent-storytelling-experience-review-108326116|title=Oru Sarkar Ulpannam Review: A Small Package That Delivers An Excellent Storytelling Experience|date=8 March 2024|website=TimesNow}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|28085484}}

[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

Suicide of Atul Subhash

2026-05-01T17:42:44Z

Aaron: created new entry

{{Short description|Suicide of an Indian engineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Suicide of Atul Subhash
| Birthday = 25 January 1990
| date = {{start date|df=yes|2024|12|09}}
| Location = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| coordinates = 
| type = [[Suicide by hanging]]
| cause = [[Harassment]] and [[judicial misconduct]]
| reported deaths = 1 (Atul Subhash)
| arrests = 3 (Estranged wife, her mother, and her brother)
}}
'''Atul Subhash''' (25 January 1990<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/atulsubhash/</ref> – {{nowrap|9 December 2024}}) was a software engineer and [[artificial intelligence]] professional from [[Bengaluru]], [[India]], who was found dead in his apartment at [[Marathahalli]], having died by [[suicide by hanging]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=13 December 2024|title=Indian software engineer's suicide sets off reckoning over bias in family courts|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3290748/software-engineers-suicide-sparks-accusation-gender-bias-indias-family-courts|access-date=26 January 2025|website=South China Morning Post}}</ref> The incident sparked discussions about various issues related to matrimonial disputes in [[India]], regarding [[Gender inequality in India|discrimination against men]], [[Dowry system in India|dowry laws]], the [[Judiciary|judicial system]], and mental health awareness.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2024|title=Atul Subhash: A man's suicide leads to clamour around India's dowry law|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c33d6161z3yo|access-date=26 January 2025|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Background ==

=== Marriage and divorce ===
Subhash was originally from [[Bihar]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2025|title=Atul Subhash suicide: Supreme Court grants custody of late techie's son to wife Nikita Singhania|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/atul-subhash-suicide-supreme-court-grants-custody-of-late-techies-son-to-wife-nikita-singhania/3720789/|access-date=26 January 2025|website=Financialexpress}}</ref> and was involved in a [[divorce]] and custody dispute with his estranged wife, Nikita Singhania.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Techie Atul Subhash's Son To Stay With His Mother, Supreme Court Decides|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/techie-atul-subhash-son-custody-case-nikita-singhania-mother-supreme-court-want-to-see-child-supreme-court-on-battle-for-techie-atul-subhashs-son-7516538|access-date=26 January 2025|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> The couple, married in 2019, lived separately for three years and had a four-year-old son together.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 December 2024|title=Who is Atul Subhash's wife?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/who-is-atul-subhashs-wife/articleshow/116207285.cms|access-date=26 January 2025|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Allegations of [[harassment]], [[extortion]], and financial demands marked the divorce proceedings.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=13 December 2024|title=Indian software engineer's suicide sets off reckoning over bias in family courts|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3290748/software-engineers-suicide-sparks-accusation-gender-bias-indias-family-courts|access-date=26 January 2025|website=South China Morning Post}}</ref>

=== Court proceedings ===
Subhash's note contained allegations that his in-laws had requested a settlement of {{INRConvert|30|m|year=2023}} and {{INRConvert|3|m|year=2023}} for visitation rights to their son as part of the divorce proceedings and had asked to raise monthly maintenance from {{INRConvert|40|k|year=2023}} to {{INRConvert|200|k|year=2023}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2024|title=Atul Subhash: A man's suicide leads to clamour around India's dowry law|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c33d6161z3yo|access-date=26 January 2025|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Atul Subhash: A man's suicide leads to clamour around India's dowry law |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c33d6161z3yo |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Subhash earned {{INRConvert|84|k|year=2023}} monthly and was asked to pay {{INRConvert|40|k|year=2023}} monthly amount towards his son in July and did not ask Subhash to compensate his wife as she was earning well in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-13 |title=Judge 'laughed' when estranged wife told Bengaluru techie Atul to commit suicide |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/judge-laughed-when-estranged-wife-told-bengaluru-techie-atul-to-commit-suicide/articleshow/116234749.cms |access-date=2026-04-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Subhash did not approach his lawyer Dinesh Mishra, for appealing to lower the monthly maintenance since.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Bengaluru techie wasn't depressed, did not contest maintenance order: Lawyer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bengaluru-techie-suicide-case-atul-subhash-wife-extortion-harassment-court-lawyer-depression-2648577-2024-12-12 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The particular court based in [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]] had no online conferencing option, which Subhash had to travel frequently from [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] as he was unable to changing of location despite challenging it in court. He had attended 120 hearings in 3 years and was facing 6 cases, including for [[domestic violence]] and dowry harassment.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=11 December 2024|title='Beat me up after drinking...': Atul Subhash's estranged wife accused him of harassment, abuse in police complaint|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/beat-me-up-after-drinking-atul-subhashs-estranged-wife-accused-him-of-harassment-abuse-in-police-complaint/articleshow/116221188.cms?from=mdr|access-date=26 January 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Suicide ===
On 9 December, Subhash was found dead in his apartment at [[Marathahalli]], having died by [[suicide by hanging]].<ref name=":0" /> Before his death, Subhash left behind a 24-page document and an 81{{nbh}}minute video recording. In these documents, he expressed his concerns and grievances regarding his divorce and custody case.<ref name=":1" /> He stated that the legal system was biased, particularly [[dowry system in India|Section{{nbsp}}498A]] of the [[Indian Penal Code]], which aims to protect women from [[Domestic violence in India|domestic violence]] and [[Dowry system in India|dowry]]-related [[Dowry death|harassment]]. He also accused the [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur District]] Court judge, Reeta Kaushik, of asking for a 5{{nbsp}}lakh bribe to settle the case, and taunting him into committing suicide when he refused.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sruti|first=Swastika|date=11 December 2024|title=Who Is Rita Kaushik? District Court Judge Who Provoked Atul Subhash To Kill Himself|url=https://www.newsx.com/india/who-is-rita-kaushik-district-court-judge-who-provoked-atul-subhash-to-kill-himself/|access-date=30 March 2025|website=NewsX World|language=en}}</ref>

Due to abatement to suicide case and related charges filed by Subhash's brother against Singhania, she was arrested and subsequently granted bail.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Techie Atul Subhash suicide: Supreme Court allows his wife to have custody of minor son |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/techie-atul-subhash-suicide-supreme-court-allows-his-wife-to-have-custody-of-minor-son/ |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Subhash left behind a [[suicide note]] titled "''This ATM has been closed permanently''", which became a rally cry for victims of the Legal System in India, and allowed them to seek help<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title='This ATM Is Closed Now': Harrowing Details Of Bengaluru Techie Atul Subhash's Life And Death|url=https://www.news18.com/india/this-atm-is-closed-now-harrowing-details-of-bengaluru-techie-atul-subhashs-life-and-death-9153273.html|access-date=30 March 2025|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> from men's rights organizations such as the [[Save Indian Family Foundation]].

The death of Subhash led to widespread discussion and debate about the [[Men's rights movement in India|rights of men in India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Justice for Atul Subhash' rally held in Ahmedabad, seek gender-neutral laws|url=https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/justice-for-atul-subhash-rally-held-in-ahmedabad-seek-gender-neutral-laws|access-date=26 January 2025|website=english.gujaratsamachar.com}}</ref> Some advocates argued that reforms are needed in the family law system, citing concerns about potential misuse of existing laws.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Atul Subhash suicide: Deeper problems of law and its implementation|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/current/2024/12/21/the-suicide-of-atul-subhash-is-symptomatic-of-deeper-problems-of-the-law-and-its-implementation.html|access-date=26 January 2025|website=The Week}}</ref> A police investigation was conducted, and Singhania and several family members were charged under {{nowrap|[[Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code]]}} (IPC) related to abetment to suicide.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 January 2025|title=Atul Subhash suicide case: SC to hear plea by Bengaluru techie's mother seeking grandson's custody on January 20 {{!}} Today News|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atul-subhash-suicide-case-sc-to-hear-plea-by-bengaluru-techies-mother-seeking-grandsons-custody-on-january-20-11737188039619.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122084152/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atul-subhash-suicide-case-sc-to-hear-plea-by-bengaluru-techies-mother-seeking-grandsons-custody-on-january-20-11737188039619.html|archive-date=22 January 2025|access-date=26 January 2025|work=mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 December 2024|title=What Bengaluru police said on arrest of Atul Subash's wife in abetment to suicide case|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-bengaluru-police-said-on-arrest-of-atul-subashs-wife-in-abetment-to-suicide-case-101734235748881.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225095400/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-bengaluru-police-said-on-arrest-of-atul-subashs-wife-in-abetment-to-suicide-case-101734235748881.html|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=26 January 2025|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The Bengaluru Court granted them bail in December 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 January 2025|title=Atul Subhash death case: Bengaluru techie's wife and in-laws granted bail|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/accused-in-atul-subhash-death-case-granted-bail/article69062191.ece|access-date=26 January 2025|work=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 January 2025|title=Bengaluru court grants bail to techie Atul Subhash's wife, in-laws in abetment to suicide case|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/court-grants-bail-techie-atul-subhash-wife-in-laws-suicide-case-9760166/|access-date=26 January 2025|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

Atul's case also resulted in attention to various similar men who committed suicides after judicial abuse, such as Suresh Sathadiya,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Mashable News|date=6 January 2025|title=Gujarat Man Commits Suicide, Wife Booked Over Accusations Made In Final Video; 'Teach Her A Lesson'|url=https://in.mashable.com/culture/87606/gujarat-man-commits-suicide-wife-booked-over-accusations-made-in-final-video-teach-her-a-lesson|access-date=30 March 2025|website=Mashable India|language=en-in}}</ref> Nitin Padiyar,<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 January 2025|title=Indore's Nitin Padiyar, 28, Allegedly Dies by Suicide, Cites Harassment by Ex-Wife & In-Laws in Note - The Logical Indian|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/indores-nitin-padiyar-28-allegedly-dies-by-suicide-cites-harassment-by-ex-wife-in-laws-in-note/|access-date=30 March 2025|website=thelogicalindian.com|language=en-US}}</ref> and Puneet Khurana.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2025|title='Can't ask my parents to pay further': Like Atul Shubhash, here's what Puneet Khurana said in video before suicide|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/cant-ask-my-parents-to-pay-further-like-atul-shubhash-heres-what-puneet-khurana-said-in-video-before-suicide/articleshow/116900899.cms?from=mdr|access-date=31 March 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Supreme court released an 8 point factors to decide alimony amount and warned courts against misuse of relevant laws.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Atul Subhash suicide case: Supreme Court lists 8 factors to decide alimony amount - BusinessToday |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/atul-subhash-suicide-case-supreme-court-lists-8-factors-to-decide-alimony-amount-457025-2024-12-12 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhargava |first=Ashish Kumar |date=11 Dec 2024 |title=Amid Atul Subhash Suicide Shocker, Supreme Court's Big Remark On Dowry Cases |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/atul-subhash-nikita-singhania-amit-atul-subhash-suicide-row-supreme-courts-big-remark-on-dowry-cases-7222267 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

Subhash's death sparked an online backlash against [[Feminism in India|feminism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborthy |first=Antara |date=2026-01-07 |title=Misogyny as an Operational Strategy in India’s Digital Extremism |url=https://voxpol.eu/misogyny-india-digital-extremism-manosphere/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=VOX - Pol |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hussain |first=Saba |last2=Maloney |first2=Marcus |date=14 Oct 2025 |title=Online misogyny and pedagogies of Hindutva digital subjectivation: reflections from the Indian manosphere |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2025.2568399 |journal=Gender and Education |pages=1-19}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Men's rights movement in India]]
* [[Suicide in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subhash, Atul, Suicide of}}
[[Category:2020s crimes in India]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:2024 suicides]]
[[Category:Bullying and suicide]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in India]]
[[Category:December 2024 in India]]
[[Category:Discrimination in India]]
[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Violence against men in India]]
[[Category:Arranged marriage]]
[[Category:Domestic violence in India]]
[[Category:Fathers' rights movement]]

Swati Singh

2026-04-27T05:49:39Z

Aaron: created new biography

{{short description|Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh (born 1978)}}
{{for|the Indian weightlifter|Swati Singh (weightlifter)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Swati Singh
| image =
| alt =
| caption = '''Swati Singh'''
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|08|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bokaro, Jharkhand]], India
| office = Minister of State (Ind. Charge) in Government of Uttar Pradesh <ref name="jagran.com">[https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-22-cabinet-ministers-will-take-oath-with-cm-yogi-adityanath-and-two-dy-cm-15703905.html?src=p1 "दो नायब व 22 कैबिनेट मंत्रियों के साथ योगी ने ली यूपी के मुख्यमंत्री पद की शपथ"]. ''jagran.com''.</ref>
| term_start1 = 19 March 2017
| term_start2 = 18 March 2017
| term_start3 = October 2016
| term_end1 = 12 March 2022
| term_end2 = 12 March 2022
| term_end3 = February 10, 2018
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = [[Daya Shankar Singh]] (m:2001;-div:2023;)
| office2 = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Sarojini Nagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarojini Nagar]]
| predecessor2 = Sharda Pratap Shukla
| office3 = President of [[BJP Mahila Morcha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency3 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| predecessor3 = [[Darshana Singh]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Lucknow]] ([[Master of Laws|LLM]]) <ref name="auto">ADR,. [http://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=2341 "Swati Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAROJINI NAGAR(LUCKNOW) – Affidavit Information of Candidate:"]. ''myneta.info''.</ref>
| relations =
| children = 2
| profession = Business, politician
| successor2 = [[Rajeshwar Singh]]
}}

'''Swati Singh ''' (born 1 August 1978) is an Indian politician and Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Women welfare NRI, Flood Control, Agriculture export, Agriculture Marketing, Agriculture Foreign Trade and state minister in the Ministry of Women Welfare, Family Welfare, Maternity and Child Welfare in the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].

==Education==
* M.M.S. in 2001 from [[University of Allahabad]]<ref name="auto"/>
* L.L.M. in 2007 from the [[University of Lucknow]]<ref name="auto"/>

==Political life==
She came in an active field of politics after her husband [[Daya Shankar Singh]] got expelled from the post of vice-president of [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] for six years after a comment on BSP Chief [[Mayawati]] in a public meeting in September 2016. On 12 March 2017, the BJP revoked her husband's expulsion.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-revokes-expulsion-of-newly-elected-mla-swati-singhs-husband/articleshow/57608927.cms "BJP revokes expulsion of newly-elected MLA Swati Singh's husband – Times of India"]. ''indiatimes.com''.</ref>

In 2017, she got elected as Member of [[Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] from [[Sarojini Nagar (Assembly constituency)|Sarojini Nagar]], [[Lucknow]] as a [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate. She got 1,08,506 votes in this election.<ref name="bhaskar.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/ |title=Latest news of Uttar Pradesh. Breaking news of Uttar Pradesh in Hindi at Dainik Bhaskar |website=www.bhaskar.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119190741/http://www.bhaskar.com/uttar-pradesh/?C1-UP= |archive-date=2015-01-19}}</ref>
She became Minister of State (Independent Charge) in [[First Yogi Adityanath ministry|Yogi Adityanath's cabinet]].<ref name="jagran.com"/>

She was appointed to the ministries of NRI, Flood control, Agriculture Marketing and Export, Women Welfare, Maternal and Child welfare.<ref>{{citation |title=CM Yogi Adityanath keeps home, revenue: UP portfolio allocation highlights |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/live-updates-on-uttar-pradesh-govt-portfolios-keshav-prasad-maurya-gets-pwd/story-JafGBgr7Oe7VXxcBsnAOdM.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 March 2017 }}</ref>

She also served as president of [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[BJP Mahila Morcha]], a women's wing of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from October 2016 to February 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=स्वाति सिंह बनी भाजपा महिला मोर्चा की प्रदेश अध्यक्ष |url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/swati-singh-is-mahila-morch-pradesh-adyaksh-1416105/ |publisher=Patrika |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=मायावती पर निशाना साधने वाली स्वाति सिंह बनी भाजपा महिला मोर्चा की प्रदेश अध्यक्ष |url=https://www.amarujala.com/lucknow/swati-singh-becomes-chief-of-bjp-mahila-morcha |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=Hindi}}</ref>

In November 2019, she was riled up in case in which purported audio clip was released where she was heard allegedly threatening a police officer in Lucknow to drop an FIR against Ansal Builders. She goes on to ask the CO Binu Singh to sit with her to resolve the matter if she wanted to continue working in Lucknow.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP Minister Swati Singh Asks Cop to Drop FIR Against Builder, Hauled up by Yogi After Audio Clip Goes Viral|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/up-minister-swati-singh-asks-cop-to-drop-fir-against-builder-hauled-up-by-yogi-after-audio-clip-goes-viral-2389177.html|publisher=news18 |language=English}}</ref> She was denied ticket by the party in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Swati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Yogi ministry]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:People from Bokaro Steel City]]

P. K. Ittoop

2026-04-27T01:11:29Z

Aaron: new

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. K. Ittoop
| image = P K Ittoop.jpg
| caption = Ex.MLA and Adv P. K. Ittoop
| office1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Chalakudy Assembly constituency|Chalakudy]]
| term_start2 = {{Start date|1977||}}
| term_end2 = {{End date|1980||}}
| term_start3 = {{Start date|1980||}}
| term_end3 = {{End date|1982||}}

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|12|08}}<ref>http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m229.htm</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1998|03|19|1930|12|08}}
| birth_place = [[Chalakudy]], [[Kingdom of Cochin]]
| death_place = [[Willingdon Island]], [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
| spouse = Regina
| children = 6
| party = [[Kerala Congress]]
| blank1 = Source
}}
'''P. K. Ittoop''' (8 December 1930 – 19 March 1998) was an Indian politician and a founding member of the [[Kerala Congress]] party, which was established in 1964.<ref>https://x.com/MDManappuram/status/1637771059641585667</ref>
He was the first MLA from Chalakudy in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] after the formation of the state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thrissur/2021/03/19/thrissur-former-mla-pk-ittoop.html|title=ഓർമകളിൽ പി.കെ. ഇട്ടൂപ്പ്; അന്ന് വീടും പരിസരവും നിറയെ ആളുകൾ, ജോർജും മാത്യുവും പറയുന്നു...|website=ഓർമകളിൽ പി.കെ. ഇട്ടൂപ്പ്; അന്ന് വീടും പരിസരവും നിറയെ ആളുകൾ, ജോർജും മാത്യുവും പറയുന്നു...}}</ref>

He represented the [[Chalakudy Assembly constituency|Chalakudy Constituency]] in the Kerala Legislative Assembly during the Fifth and Sixth Assembly from 1977 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1982 respectively. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m229.htm|title=Members - Kerala Legislature|website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ittoop was born as the only son to Shri Kochuvareed and Mathri of Palamattath Kuttiyil family in [[Chalakudy]] on 8 December 1930. He completed his schooling from [[Government Model Higher Secondary School for Boys]]. He graduated with bachelors degree from [[St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli]], Tamil Nadu. He later pursued his Law degree from [[Government Law College, Ernakulam]].

==Political career==
===Indian National Congress===
P. K. Ittoop began his political career in the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1954. He was politically and socially involved in Thrissur and particularly his hometown [[Chalakudy]].

===Kerala Congress===
In 1964, he was part of the breakaway faction led by [[K. M. George (politician)|K. M. George]] and [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]] who left [[Indian National Congress]] to form [[Kerala Congress]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/the-long-history-of-kerala-congress-splits-factions-from-mani-to-son-6843627/|title=The long history of Kerala Congress splits & factions, from Mani to son|date=23 October 2020}}</ref> The party was primarily active in central Kerala during the late 60s and he was an integral part in building its foundation in Thrissur & Ernakulam Districts drawing its main support from the Syrian Christians and the Nair community of Central and Southern Kerala.<ref>https://www.indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/kerala-yenan-india-rise-communist-power-1937-1969</ref>

===Formation of Chalakudy taluk===
On 28 January 1970, as President of the [[Chalakudy taluk]] Roopikarana Committee, he, along with Secretary P. T. Sankaran Embranthiri, petitioned the government for the formation of Chalakudy taluk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://niyamasabha.nic.in/index.php/business/index/petition_presented_since_1957|title=Business|website=niyamasabha.nic.in}}</ref>

===Legislative Assembly===
He contested and won the [[Chalakudy Assembly Constituency]] in the [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977 Kerala Elections]] by a margin of 7613 votes representing [[Kerala Congress]] (KCP).
In 1980, being part of [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC (M)]] who joined the pre-poll alliance - [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]], he won the Chalakudy Constituency for the second time in the [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980 Kerala Elections]].
But in 1982, after Kerala Congress (M) moved away from LDF to join the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] Ittoop lost the Chalakudy Constituency to K. J George of JNL Party. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/brief82.html|title=Kerala Assembly Elections 1982- Backgrounder|website=www.keralaassembly.org}}</ref>

== Personal life==
He was married to Regina Ittoop and is survived by 2 daughters and 4 sons. He died on 19 March 1998 after battling pneumonia while at Cochin Port Trust Hospital.

== Contributions==

===Education===
He was a pioneer to bring educational and cultural institutions in and around Chalakudy and upheld the development of the [[Chalakudy]] Town. He was the founding member of many educational institutions like [[Carmel Higher Secondary School, Chalakudy]], Sacred Heart College Chalakudy and other centres in the town.

===Positions held===
*Chairman of BDC, Chalakudy for 5 Years
*District President of Kerala Congress, Thrissur
*District President of Chalakudy Bar Association
*Member of Kerala Congress State Committee

==Awards==
* Every year since 2010, the P.K. Ittoop Memorial Award is given to an eligible citizen in terms of social, economic, political, educational and cultural contributions to the community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sreekailas.com/Awards.php|title=Awards :- .::.:: Sree Kailas Group ::.::.|website=www.sreekailas.com}}</ref>
Various personalities have won this awards over the years like [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]].{{fact|date=July 2025}}

* His contributions to education are commemorated through an endowment in his honor at Sacred Heart College, Chalakudy, awarded to the best student in B.Sc. Physics. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sacredheartcollege.ac.in/endowments/|title=Endowments : Sacred Heart College}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ittoop, P.K.}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Politicians from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1980–1982]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]

A. S. Chandurkar

2026-04-24T21:09:58Z

Aaron: done

{{Short description|Indian Supreme Court judge (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Atul Sharachchandra Chandurkar
| image = Justice Atul Chandurkar.jpg
| office3 = [[Judge]] of [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start3 = 21 June 2013
| term_end3 = 29 May 2025
| appointer3 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator3 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|4|7|df=y}}
| alma_mater = [[ILS Law College]] [[University of Pune]]
| office = [[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|Judge of the Supreme Court of India]]
| nominator = [[Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai]]
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| term_start = 30 May 2025
| term_end =
| education = [[B.Com]], [[L.L.B]]
| caption = Official Portrait 2025
}}

'''Atul Sharachchandra Chandurkar''' (born 7 April 1965) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[jurist]] who is currently serving as a [[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India|judge of the Supreme Court of India]].Atul Sharadchandra Chandurkar is 3rd Chancellor of Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Supreme Court returns to full strength of 34 as three judges take oath |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-returns-full-strength-34-three-judges-take-oath-2733058-2025-05-30 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is a former judge of [[Bombay High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of High Court of Bombay |url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshow.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212173824/https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshow.php |archive-date=12 February 2025 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=bombayhighcourt.nic.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Justice Chandurkar was born on 7 April 1965. He completed his schooling from St. Vincents' High School at Pune. He did his graduation from Ness Wadia College at Pune and obtained his L.L.B from I. L. S. Law College in Pune.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Collegium Recommends Bombay HC's Justice AS Chandurkar, 2 Others For Elevation To Apex Court |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-bombay-hcs-justice-as-chandurkar-2-others-for-elevation-to-apex-court |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> He joined the Bar on 21 July 1988 and commenced practise in the Chambers of Senior Advocate Shri B. N. Naik in Mumbai who later elevated as Judge. He shifted to Nagpur in 1992. He started practising in various Courts and handled matters of various nature.<ref name=":1" />

He has also authored two books on "The Maharashtra Municipal Council Nagar Panchayats & Industrial Townships Act, 1965 and The Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999.<ref name=":1" />

He was elevated as Additional Judge of the Bombay High Court on 21 June 2013 and was confirmed as permanent judge on 2 March 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2025-05-26 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends three judges to top court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-three-judges-to-top-court/article69621432.ece |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leaflet |first=The |date=2025-05-26 |title=Collegium recommends Justices N.V. Anjaria, Vijay Bishnoi and A.S. Chandurkar to the Supreme Court, but no reasons stated for supersession of senior judges |url=https://theleaflet.in/leaflet-reports/collegium-recommends-justices-nv-anjaria-vijay-bishnoi-and-as-chandurkar-to-the-supreme-court-but-no-reasons-stated-for-supersession-of-senior-judges |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=The Leaflet |language=en}}</ref>

On 26 May 2025, Supreme court collegium led by CJI [[Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai]] recommended him to be appointed as Judge of [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-27 |title=Justice Atul Chandurkar Recommended for SC Elevation by CJI-led Collegium |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/justice-atul-chandurkar-recommended-for-sc-elevation-by-cji-led-collegium/articleshow/121421542.cms |access-date=2025-05-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=Justice Atul S. Chandurkar Among Three High Court Judges Recommended for Supreme Court Elevation - The Live Nagpur |url=https://thelivenagpur.com/2025/05/27/justice-atul-s-chandurkar-among-three-high-court-judges-recommended-for-supreme-court-elevation/ |access-date=2025-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> This was cleared by central government on 29 May 2025 and he took the oath as a judge of Supreme court of India on 30 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Suchitra Kalyan |date=2025-05-29 |title=UOI notifies appointment of three new judges to SC; strength rises to 34 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/May/29/uoi-notifies-appointment-of-three-new-judges-to-sc-strength-rises-to-34 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ratna |date=2025-05-29 |title=Centre notifies appointment of Justices NV Anjaria, Vijay Bishnoi and Atul S Chandurkar as Supreme Court judges |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/centre-notifies-appointment-of-justices-nv-anjaria-vijay-bishnoi-and-atul-s-chandurkar-as-supreme-court-judges |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-05-30 |title=Proud moment: Justice A.S. Chandurkar of Nagpur takes oath as Supreme Court Judge |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/proud-moment-justice-a-s-chandurkar-of-nagpur-takes-oath-as-supreme-court-judge/05301304 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandurkar, A. S.}}
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Surankote Tehsil

2026-04-23T16:02:36Z

Aaron: created a article

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Surankote
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Tehsil
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.639|N|74.254|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = {{nowrap|[[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Surankote]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[List of subdistricts in India|Tehsil]]
| governing_body = [[Tehsildar]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 124755<ref name="Surankote Tehsil Population"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020|work=Rising Kashmir|url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020|accessdate=30 May 2021}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]], [[Pahari language|Pahari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 185121
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = JK-12
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{flagicon image|NH144A-IN.svg}} [[National Highway 144A (India)|NH 144A]]
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{url|poonch.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Surankote Tehsil''' is a [[List of subdistricts in India|tehsil]] of the [[Poonch district, India|Poonch district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is headquartered at the [[Surankote]].

==Administration==
The Surankote tehsil is headquartered at [[Surankote]].

==Demographics==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Surankote Tehsil (2011)<ref name="Surankote Tehsil Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/punch/surankote-population.html|title=Surankote Tehsil Population|work=Census India|accessdate=13 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam]]
|value1 = 96.71
|color1 = Green
|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
|value2 = 2.56
|color2 = DarkOrange
|label3 = [[Sikhism]]
|value3 = 0.49
|color3 = Yellow
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.16
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = Not Stated
|value5 = 0.07
|color5 = Black
}}

The total projected population of Surankote Tehsil is 124,755, with 65,699 males and 59,056 females according to the [[2011 census of India]]. The population includes [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Pahari]]s, [[Gujjar]]s, [[Bakerwal]]s and [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiris]].

==Transport==
===Air===
[[Poonch Airport]] is a non-operational airstrip in the district headquarters [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] located 30 kilometres from Surankote. The nearest airport to Surankote is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport]] in [[Srinagar]], located 150 kilometres from Surankote.

===Rail===
There is no railway connectivity to Surankote. There are plans to construct the Jammu–Poonch line which will connect [[Jammu]] with the district headquarters [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] with railways. The nearest major railway station is [[Jammu Tawi railway station]] located 210 kilometres from Surankote.

===Road===
The tehsil is well-connected to other places in Jammu and Kashmir and India by the [[National Highway 144A (India)|NH 144A]] and other intra-district roads.

{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|33.7|74.24}} 
| float = right
| zoom = 9
| width = 275
| height = 275
| caption = {{center|Poonch district tehsils}}
| nolabels = 1
| mapdata = Q2983134

| mark-coord1 = {{coord|33.7670|74.0957}}
| mark1 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size1 = 10
| label1 = Poonch
| labela1 =
| labelb1 = (Haveli)
| label-size1 = 12
| label-color1 = hard red
| label-pos1 = top | label-offset-x1 = 0 | label-offset-y1 = 20
| mark-title1 = Poonch
| mark-image1 =
| mark-description1 = Haveli tehsil

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|33.7972|74.2551}}
| mark2 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size2 = 8
| label2 = Mandi
| label-size2 = 12
| label-color2 = hard red
| label-pos2 = right |label-offset-x2 = 0 |label-offset-y2 = 0
| mark-title2 = Mandi
| mark-image2 =
| mark-description2 = Mandi tehsil

| mark-coord3 = {{coord|33.640579|74.262051}}
| mark3 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size3 = 8
| label3 = Surankote
| label-size3 = 12
| label-color3 = hard red
| label-pos3 = top |label-offset-x3 = 0 |label-offset-y3 = 0
| mark-title3 = Surankote
| mark-image3 =
| mark-description3 = Surankote tehsil

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|33.604852|74.142988}}
| mark4 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size4 = 8
| label4 = Mendhar
| label-size4 = 12
| label-color4 = hard red
| label-pos4 = right |label-offset-x4 = 0 |label-offset-y4 = 0
| mark-title4 = Mendhar
| mark-image4 =
| mark-description4 = Mendhar tehsil

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|33.594368|74.097104}}
| mark5 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size5 = 8
| label5 = Mankote
| label-size5 = 12
| label-color5 = hard red
| label-pos5 = left |label-offset-x5 = 0 |label-offset-y5 = 0
| mark-title5 = Mankote
| mark-image5 =
| mark-description5 = Mankote tehsil

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|33.501455|74.180174}}
| mark6 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size6 = 8
| label6 = Bala Kote
| label-size6 = 12
| label-color6 = hard red
| label-pos6 = right |label-offset-x6 = 0 |label-offset-y6 = 0
| mark-title6 = Bala Kote
| mark-image6=
| mark-description6= Bala Kote tehsil
}}

==See also==
*[[Poonch (town)|Poonch]]
*[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Rajouri]]
*[[Surankote]]
*[[Jammu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170915154945/http://jammukashmir.nic.in/ The Official Website of Jammu and Kashmir Government, India]
* [http://poonch.gov.in/ Official Website of District Poonch, India]
* [http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jammuandkashmir/tehsil/poonch.html Poonch Tehsil map], mapsofindia.com.

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Poonch district, India}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Poonch District, India]]
[[Category:Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]

Malaya Borman

2026-04-20T01:48:18Z

Aaron: Made new data...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Malaya Borman
| image =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2006
| term_end1 = 2011
| predecessor1 = [[Pabindra Deka]]
| successor1 = [[Manoranjan Das (politician)|Manoranjan Das]]
| constituency1 = [[Patacharkuchi Assembly constituency|Patacharkuchi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| source =
}}
'''Dr. Malaya Borman''' is an Indian politician who was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Patacharkuchi Assembly constituency|Patacharkuchi constituency]] in the [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assam Assembly Election Results in 2006|url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/2006-election-results.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamassembly.gov.in/who's-who-2016.html|title=MEMBERS OF 14th ASSAM LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY|website=Assam Legislative Assembly|accessdate=6 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/assam2006/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=default
|title=List of Winners in Assam 2006
|website=My Neta|accessdate=6 August 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Borman, Malaya}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]

{{Assam-politician-stub}}

Pynursla Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:19Z

Aaron: new

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pynursla
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]]
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Pynursla Assembly constituency map.svg
| established = 2008
| constituency_no = 27
| mla = [[Prestone Tynsong]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:38907}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Pynursla''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It was created after the passing of the ''Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008''<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> and had its first election in 2013. It is part of [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. As of 2023 it is represented by [[Prestone Tynsong]] of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].{{update after|2028|05}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3690-meghalaya-2013/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2013 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date= 30 January 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=3| [[Prestone Tynsong]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=results2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3694-meghalaya-general-legislative-election-2018/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2018 - Meghalaya - Election Commission of India |website=|accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pynursla<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prestone Tynsong]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=13,745 |percentage=39.70% |change={{decrease}}2.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nehru Suting |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,605 |percentage=16.19% |change={{increase}}12.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anthony Justine Kongwang |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,377 |percentage=15.53% |change={{decrease}}18.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Don Kupar Massar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,828 |percentage=13.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manbhalang Thabah |party=Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya) |votes=3,482 |percentage=10.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Edmund Khongngai |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,204 |percentage=3.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rowelly Khongsni |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=377 |percentage=1.09% |change={{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=148 |percentage=0.43% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,140 |percentage=23.51% |change= {{increase}}15.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,618 |percentage=88.98% |change= {{decrease}}2.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,907 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.20 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{decrease}}2.45 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pynursla<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prestone Tynsong]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=12,807 |percentage=42.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nehru Suting |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=10,233 |percentage=33.68% |change={{increase}}2.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Grace Mary Kharpuri |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=5,295 |percentage=17.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Jelington Ryngdong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,141 |percentage=3.76% |change={{decrease}}42.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banteilang Singh Rumnong |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=355 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Denis Tynsiar |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=199 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=208 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,574 |percentage=8.47% |change= {{decrease}}6.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,383 |percentage=91.53% |change= {{decrease}}1.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,196 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Pynursla<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Prestone Tynsong]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,251 |percentage=46.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banalari Khongwar |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=8,187 |percentage=30.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Don Kupar Massar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,162 |percentage=23.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,064 |percentage=15.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,600 |percentage=93.24% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,527 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[East Khasi Hills district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.31|91.9|display=title}}

[[Category:East Khasi Hills district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Bawani Khera Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:56Z

Aaron: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bawani Khera
| type = SLA
| map_image = Bawani Khera Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Kapoor Singh]]
| party = {{party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = 
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| region =
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district =
| division =
| constituency_no = 59
| established = 1967
| electors = 2,17,262
| reservation = SC
| abolished = 
}}

'''Bawani Khera Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] in [[Haryana]] state in northern [[India]]. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/AC%20Distwise.pdf|title=District Wise Assembly Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana website|accessdate=15 March 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163531/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/pdf/AC%20Distwise.pdf|archivedate=21 July 2011}}</ref>

==Overview==
Bawani Khera (constituency number 59) is one of the 6 Assembly constituencies located in [[Bhiwani district]].<ref name="ceo1"/> This constituency covers the entire Bawani Khera [[tehsil]] and part of Bhiwani tehsil.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=153, 157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=HsrLS>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/haryana/hisar.html Hisar Lok Sabha]</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bawani Khera Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/bawani-khera.html |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Jagan Nath || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || Subedar Prabhu Singh
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Amar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Vishal Haryana Party}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Jagan Nath || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Amar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Jagan Nath
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Amar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Jagan Nath
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || rowspan=3 | Ramkishan Fauji
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Bishamber Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Kapoor Singh]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kapoor Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=80,077 |percentage=52.21% |change={{increase}}13.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pradeep Narwal (politician)]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=58,298|percentage=38.01%|change={{increase}}7.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Master Satbir Ratera|party=Independent politician|votes=11,287|percentage=7.36%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sandeep Singh Janagal|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,128|percentage=0.74%|change={{decrease}}1.84}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Guddi Langyan|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=997|percentage=0.65%|change={{decrease}}16.21}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=524|percentage=0.34%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,779 |percentage=14.20% |change= {{increase}}6.19 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,53,369|percentage=71.15%|change={{increase}}3.47}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,17,262 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}13.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishamber Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=52,387 |percentage=38.51% |change={{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramkishan Fauji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=41,492 |percentage=30.50% |change={{increase}}6.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh Vaid |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=22,934 |percentage=16.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikas |party=Rashtriya Janta Party |votes=9,380 |percentage=6.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banarsi Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,499 |percentage=2.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Devi |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=997 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}30.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Mehar Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=923 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramtilak |party=Bhartiya Sarvodaya Party |votes=837 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Savita Nanda |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=700 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar Divyang |party=Independent politician |votes=686 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,895 |percentage=8.01% |change= {{increase}}6.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,36,052 |percentage=67.67% |change= {{decrease}}10.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,01,042 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref name=results2014>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|title=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bishamber Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=47,323 |percentage=33.49% |change={{increase}}32.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daya Bhurtana |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=44,764 |percentage=31.68% |change={{increase}}4.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramkishan Fauji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,942 |percentage=24.02% |change={{decrease}}9.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh Ranga |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=11,356 |percentage=8.04% |change={{decrease}}16.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,559 |percentage=1.81% |change= {{decrease}}4.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,41,294 |percentage=78.30% |change= {{increase}}9.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,80,443 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web |title=General Elections to Haryana Assembly 2009 (11th Vidhan Sabha) |url=http://ceoharyana.nic.in/Gist%20_HVS_2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163619/http://ceoharyana.nic.in/Gist%20_HVS_2009.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2011 |accessdate=15 March 2011 |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Haryana website}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramkishan Fauji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,039 |percentage=33.55% |change={{decrease}}22.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Azad Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=28,766 |percentage=27.54% |change={{decrease}}6.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahender Singh |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=25,376 |percentage=24.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Kumar S/O Dharampal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,008 |percentage=4.80% |change={{increase}}1.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitender Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=3,152 |percentage=3.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Narain |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,500 |percentage=1.44% |change={{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit |party=Independent politician |votes=1,107 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=815 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tejpal |party=Smast Bhartiya Party |votes=567 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,273 |percentage=6.01% |change= {{decrease}}16.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,04,433 |percentage=68.51% |change= {{decrease}}7.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,52,436 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}22.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref name=results2005>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramkishan Fauji |party=Indian National Congress |votes=57,050 |percentage=56.54% |change={{increase}}29.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh Ranga |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=34,323 |percentage=34.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Jamalpur |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,902 |percentage=2.88% |change={{increase}}1.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nand Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,919 |percentage=1.90% |change={{decrease}}18.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,572 |percentage=1.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Khundia |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=1,025 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbala |party=Independent politician |votes=589 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surender |party=Independent politician |votes=519 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,727 |percentage=22.53% |change= {{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,00,896 |percentage=75.80% |change= {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,102 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}12.88 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref name=results2000>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramkishan Fauji |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=35,410 |percentage=43.66% |change={{decrease}}13.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,134 |percentage=27.29% |change={{increase}}13.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Sarwan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,316 |percentage=20.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,582 |percentage=6.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amrit Dass |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=803 |percentage=0.99% |change={{decrease}}4.18 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,276 |percentage=16.37% |change= {{decrease}}23.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,102 |percentage=70.78% |change= {{increase}}2.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,16,024 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.47 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{decrease}}13.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath S/O Gur Dayal |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=44,372 |percentage=57.22% |change={{increase}}20.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghvir Singh Ranga |party=Samata Party |votes=13,838 |percentage=17.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,480 |percentage=13.51% |change={{decrease}}6.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,012 |percentage=5.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Mistri |party=Independent politician |votes=1,367 |percentage=1.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajpal |party=Independent politician |votes=798 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Mistri |party=Independent politician |votes=478 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mewa Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=447 |percentage=0.58% |change={{decrease}}24.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harphool Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=418 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,534 |percentage=39.37% |change= {{increase}}27.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=77,549 |percentage=69.51% |change= {{increase}}10.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,14,339 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}20.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=21,869 |percentage=36.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Janata Party |votes=14,892 |percentage=24.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh Ranga |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,730 |percentage=19.54% |change={{decrease}}10.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harphul Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,062 |percentage=8.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nand Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,558 |percentage=2.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mewa Singh Bagri |party=Independent politician |votes=1,179 |percentage=1.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Sarup |party=Independent politician |votes=874 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Master Dewan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=816 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=548 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=363 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,977 |percentage=11.62% |change= {{decrease}}24.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,023 |percentage=59.68% |change= {{decrease}}8.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,946 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.60 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}30.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Lokdal |votes=42,820 |percentage=66.50% |change={{increase}}21.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,481 |percentage=30.25% |change={{decrease}}11.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=711 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhalle Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=344 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,339 |percentage=36.24% |change= {{increase}}33.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,394 |percentage=67.47% |change= {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,531 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{increase}}21.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=24,298 |percentage=44.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,963 |percentage=42.22% |change={{increase}}22.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Sawrup |party=Independent politician |votes=3,343 |percentage=6.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramdhari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,642 |percentage=3.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=392 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mange Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=323 |percentage=0.59% |change={{decrease}}75.65 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,335 |percentage=2.45% |change= {{decrease}}54.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,384 |percentage=67.87% |change= {{increase}}14.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,578 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}31.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Janata Party |votes=26,925 |percentage=76.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,919 |percentage=19.59% |change={{decrease}}20.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=769 |percentage=2.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar |party=Independent politician |votes=700 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,006 |percentage=56.65% |change= {{increase}}36.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,313 |percentage=52.68% |change= {{decrease}}16.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,679 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Vishal Haryana Party |swing= {{increase}}16.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=23,180 |percentage=60.22% |change={{increase}}40.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subedar Prabhu Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,314 |percentage=39.78% |change={{decrease}}4.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,866 |percentage=20.43% |change= {{increase}}10.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,494 |percentage=70.75% |change= {{increase}}27.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,850 |ref = {{increase}}5.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Vishal Haryana Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subedar Prabhu Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,611 |percentage=44.16% |change={{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Swatantra Party |votes=7,397 |percentage=33.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Fateh Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=4,234 |percentage=19.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jawala Parshad |party=Independent politician |votes=375 |percentage=1.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sispal Singh |party=Republican Party of India |votes=148 |percentage=0.68% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,214 |percentage=10.17% |change= {{decrease}}22.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,765 |percentage=41.98% |change= {{decrease}}20.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,122 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Bawani Khera<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagan Nath |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,179 |percentage=53.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=F. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,866 |percentage=21.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charanji |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=3,495 |percentage=10.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Nand |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=2,851 |percentage=8.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandgi |party=Independent politician |votes=719 |percentage=2.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=503 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=230 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,313 |percentage=32.25% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,979 |percentage=65.92% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,851 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{div col}}
* [[Bawani Khera]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Elections in Haryana]]
* [[Elections in India]]
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Election Commission of India]]
{{col div end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{Bhiwani district topics}}
{{Haryana}}

{{coord|28.9500|N|76.0167|E|display=inline,title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Bhiwani district]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Lakshman (name)

2026-04-15T10:35:42Z

Aaron: Made a stub...

{{Redirect|Laxman|the European surname|Laxman (Scandinavian surname)}}
'''Lakshman''' or '''Laxman''' is a common Hindu name, most commonly used as a masculine [[given name]]. It derives from [[Lakshmana]], the character of the [[Ramayana]] epic.

==Given name==
{{incomplete section|date=April 2016}}
* [[Lakshmana (Chahamana dynasty)]], 10th century Indian king
* [[Lakshman (director)|Lakshman]], Tamil film director
* [[Lakshman Kadirgamar]], Sri Lankan politician
* [[Lakshman Kiriella]], Sri Lankan politician
* [[Laxman Narasimhan]], Indian businessman, CEO-designate of [[Starbucks]]
* [[Lakshman Senewiratne]], Sri Lankan politician
* [[Lakshman Sen]], king of Bengal
* [[Laxman Rajaram]], Indian chess grandmaster
* [[Laxman Singh]], ruler of princely state of Dungarpur from 1918 to 1989
* [[Lakshman Singh (politician)]] (born 1955), Indian politician
* [[Lakshman Singh (scouting)]] (1911-1994), Indian leader in the Scout movement
* [[Laxman Sivaramakrishnan]], Indian cricketer and commentator
* [[Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena]], Sri Lankan politician
* [[VVS Laxman|Vangipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman]], Indian Cricketer

== Surname==
{{incomplete section|date=April 2016}}
* [[Bangaru Laxman]], Indian politician
* [[K. Laxman]] (born 1960), Indian politician
* [[R. K. Laxman]] (1921–2015), Indian cartoonist, illustrator, and humorist
* [[V. V. S. Laxman]], Indian cricketer, batsman

== See also==
*{{intitle|Lakshman}}
*{{intitle|Laxman}}

{{given name|type=both}}
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]
[[Category:Nepalese given names]]
[[Category:Tamil masculine given names]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

1925 Indian riots

2026-04-08T03:04:35Z

Aaron: stub

The '''1925 Indian riots''' were sixteen communal riots which occurred throughout [[British India]]. Reported as being among the worst were in March in [[Delhi]], during September in [[Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh|Aligarh]], at [[Arvi, Wardha|Arvi]] in the [[Wardha district]] and in [[Solapur]].{{sfn|Simon|1930|p=100}}

== Aligarh ==
The Aligarh riot occurred on 22 September 1925 in the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]] in [[British India]] (now the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]) . Of the 16 communal riots that occurred that year, it was counted as one of the most severe. The [[The Times|''London Times'']] wrote two stories on the riots.{{sfn|Brass|2005|p=70}} The riot was confined to Aligarh,{{sfn|Bapu|2012|p=173}} which is in the top five of most riot prone cities in India.{{sfn|Gayer|2012|p=136}} According to a report from the ''[[Singapore Free Press]]'', on 24 September 1925, it had been said the rioting was caused by Muslims throwing stones at Hindus during the festival of [[Ramlila]], the Hindus retaliated and in the ensuing violence sixty Muslim men and women were injured and twelve Hindus were hospitalized.{{sfn|Free Press|1925}}

[[Sheikh Abdullah]], at a [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]] conference at Aligarh, likened the year-long violence to the [[Crusades]] and said that the most serious danger that Muslims had ever had to deal with was the ongoing Hindu resurgence.{{sfn|Cell|2002|p=135}} The official number of those killed in the riot was six, four Muslims and two Hindus.{{sfn|Gayer|2012|p=136}}{{sfn|Brass|2005|p=71}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}

*{{cite book|last=Simon|first=Viscount John Allsebrook|title=Memoranda submitted by the government of India and the India office|year=1930|publisher=Government of India Central Publication Branch|location=University of Wisconsin|page=100}}
*{{cite book|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|title=The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India|year=2005|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-98506-0|page=70}}
*{{cite book|last=Bapu|first=Prabhu|title=Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-67165-1|page=173}}
*{{cite news|last=Free Press|first=Singapore|title=Riots at Aligarh|newspaper=Singapore Free Press|date=26 September 1925}}
*{{cite book|last=Gayer|first=Laurent|title=Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation|year=2012|publisher=C Hurst & Co|isbn=978-1-84904-176-8|page=136|editor=Christophe Jaffrelot}}
*{{cite book|last=Cell|first=John W.|title=Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872-1969|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52117-8|page=135}}
*{{cite book|last=Horowitz|first=Donald L.|title=The Deadly Ethnic Riot|year=2001|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-22447-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo/page/244 244]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/deadlyethnicriot00horo/page/244}}

{{refend}}

[[Category:1925 in India|Riots]]
[[Category:Sectarianism]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1925]]
[[Category:September 1925 in Asia]]

Ashok Kumar Kothari

2026-04-04T03:30:36Z

Aaron: adding

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Kumar Kothari
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bhilwara Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|09|01}}
| birth_place = [[Bhilwara]], Rajasthan, India
| party = Independent
| spouse = Sushila Devi
| occupation = Businessman, Politician
}}

'''Ashok Kumar Noam Felner Kothari''' (born 1 September 1961)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Kumar Kothari(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BHILWARA(BHILWARA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=787 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Rajasthan]]. He is a member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhilwara Assembly constituency]] in [[Bhilwara district]]. He won the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]] as an independent politician.<ref>{{Cite web |last=लाइव |first=एबीपी |date=2024-09-07 |title=BJP का सदस्य बनकर मुश्किल में फंसे भीलवाड़ा के निर्दलीय MLA, कांग्रेस ने कर दी ये बड़ी मांग |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/rajasthan-congress-demands-to-cancel-assembly-membership-of-ashok-kothari-for-becoming-member-of-bjp-ann-2778500 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara Election Results 2023 {{!}} Rajasthan Election Results {{!}} Elections 2023 - |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023/bhilwara |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=भीलवाड़ा विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2023: यहां देखें किसे मिली जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/bhilwara-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830566-2023-12-03 |website=Aaj Tak |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=4 May 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023: भीलवाड़ा सीट पर विषम मुकाबला, BJP के विट्ठल शंकर अवस्थी और कांग्रेस के ओमप्रकाश नराणीलाल के बीच |url=https://www.indiatv.in/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-tough-contest-between-vitthal-shankar-awasthi-and-om-prakash-naraniwal-on-bhilwara-seat-2023-12-03-1005182 |website=India TV |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=2025-05-04 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kothari was born in [[Bhilwara]], Bhilwara district, Rajasthan. He is the son of late Mohan Lal Kothari. He married Sushila Devi on 12 July 1989. He completed his BCom in 1982 at MLV Government College, Bhilwara, which is affiliated with the [[Rajasthan University]], Jaipur. He runs his own business and his wife is also a director in the business.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashok Kumar Kothari(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BHILWARA(BHILWARA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Rajasthan2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=787 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kothari won from Bhilwara Assembly constituency as an [[independent candidate]] in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election. He polled 70,095 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Om Prakash Naraniwal of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 10,778 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara Assembly Election Results 2023: Bhilwara Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/rajasthan/bhilwara-assembly-result-20180 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara Constituency Election Results 2023: Bhilwara Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bhilwara |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: IND Ashok Kumar Kothari Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bhilwara-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687523.html |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Kothari was denied a ticket<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results 2023 {{!}} Four BJP rebels leading as independents |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-four-bjp-rebels-leading-as-independents/article67600596.ece |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], which fielded Vithal Shanker Awasthi. He contested as a rebel candidate and defeated both the Congress and BJP candidates.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=7 BJP rebels, one from Cong rewrite script to win as Independents in Rajasthan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/7-bjp-rebels-one-fromcong-rewrite-script-towin-as-independents/articleshow/105711394.cms |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Election results ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2023 Bhilwara Assembly Election Results<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhilwara Constituency Election Results 2023: Bhilwara Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/bhilwara |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! Year !! Constituency !! Candidate !! Party !! Votes !! Percentage !! Result
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023 || rowspan="3" | [[Bhilwara Assembly constituency|Bhilwara]]|| Ashok Kumar Kothari || [[Independent politician|Independent]]|| 70,095 || 36.68% || Won
|-
| Om Prakash Naraniwal || [[Indian National Congress]]|| 59,317 || 31.04% || 1st Runner-up
|-
| [[Vitthal Shankar Avasthi]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|| 55,625 || 29.11% || –
|}

== External links ==
* [https://www.instagram.com/ashokkumarkothari02/ Ashok Kumar Kothari on Instagram]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothari, Ashok Kumar}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bhilwara district]]

Dumka Sadar subdivision

2026-03-25T03:37:42Z

Aaron: Added A Details...

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dumka Sadar subdivision
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.27|N|87.25|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dumka district|Dumka]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Dumka]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3761
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1321442
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 =
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|dumka.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dumka Sadar subdivision''' is the only [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Dumka district]] in the [[Santhal Pargana division]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].

==Overview==
Dumka Sadar subdivision is a plateau region. It is divided into four micro subregions. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and parts of Ramgarh, Dumka and Masalia CD blocks. Scattered hillocks with forests are spread over the region with elevation above mean sea level varying from {{convert|274 to 753|m}}. The Deoghar Uplands covers only parts of Masalia CD block. The area has large number of hillocks covered with forests. The [[Rajmahal Hills]], spread over the north-eastern part of the subdivision, covers Ramgarh, Dumka, Kathikund and Gopikandar CD blocks. The Pakur Uplands, in the eastern part of the district, with a height of {{convert|31|m}} above mean sea level, covers parts of Gopikandar and Kathikund CD blocks. The two blocks, named last, also fall under the [[Damin-i-koh]] region of Santhal Parganas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 8: Physical aspects, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>

==History==
Dumka subdivision was formed in 1855 as a part of Santhal Parganas district with its headquarters at Dumka. Santhal Parganas district comprises Dumka, Deoghar, Sahibganj, Godda, Pakur and Jamtara subdivisions. In 1983, Deoghar, Sahibganj and Godda subdivisions were given the status of a district, and a result Dumka subdivision remained in Dumka district.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/dumka | title = Dumka | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 12 November 2020 | archive-date = 26 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126211750/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/dumka | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Subdivisions==
Dumka district has only one administrative subdivision:<ref name=dumka>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2017_PART_B_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 16-17: Important Statistics, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|Dumka Sadar||[[Dumka]]||3,761||1,321,442||93.18||6.82
|}

==Administrative units==

Dumka subdivision has 10 community development blocks, 2,925 total villages, 2,688 inhabited villages, 2 statutory towns and 3 [[census town]]. The statutory towns are at [[Dumka]] and [[Basukinath]]. The census towns are: [[Rasikpur]], [[Dudhani, Dumka|Dudhani]] and [[Purana Dumka]]. The subdivision has its headquarters at Dumka.<ref name=dumka/>

{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|14|0|N|87|5|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Deoghar, Dumka and Jamtara districts in Santhal Pargana Division''' M: Municipality, CT: census town, R: Rural/ Urban centre, D: Dam, Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|7|14|N|86|52|0|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1= Chitra | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Chitra, Deoghar]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|21|28|N|86|53|56|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Sonaraithari| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Sonaraithari, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|26|20|N|86|30|45|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Devipur| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Devipur, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|7|38|N|86|44|41|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Karon| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Karon, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|9|54|N|86|35|15|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Margomunda| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Margomunda, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|29|41|N|86|46|49|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Mohanpur| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Mohanpur, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|14|39|N|87|1|28|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Palojori| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Palojori, Deoghar]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|14|12|N|86|50|16|E}} | label-pos8=bottom|label8= Sarath| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Sarath, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|23|10|N|86|46|23|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Sarwan| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Sarwan, Deoghar (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|26|10|N|87|28|55|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Gopikandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Gopikandar, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|36|2|N|87|4|56|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Hansdiha| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Hansdiha]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|22|40|N|87|15|52|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Jama| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Jama, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|24|10|N|87|2|47|E}} | label-pos13=top|label13= Jarmundi| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Jarmundi, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|21|0|N|87|25|11|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Kathikund| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Kathikund, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|10|20|N|87|39|10|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Maluti| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Maluti]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|8|40|N|87|10|42|E}} | label-pos16=bottom|label16= Masalia| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Masalia, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|10|0|N|87|10|42|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Ramgarh| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Ramgarh, Dumka (village)]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|2|17|N|87|25|20|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Ranishwar| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Ranishwar, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|34|30|N|87|0|47|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Saraiyahat| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Saraiyahat, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|14|39|N|87|28|15|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Shikaripara| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Shikaripara, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|25|26|N|86|55|2|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Taljhari| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Taljhari, Dumka]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|3|40|N|87|15|20|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Tongra| numbered22=R| mark-title22=[[Tongra]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|53|10|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Bagdahari| numbered23=R| mark-title23=[[Bagdahari]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|58|58|N|87|6|9|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Basudih| numbered24=R| mark-title24=[[Basudih]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|0|0|N|86|55|39|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Bindapathar| numbered25=R| mark-title25=[[Bindapathar]] (R)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|6|55|N|86|59|51|E}} | label-pos26=bottom|label26= Fatehpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26=[[Fatehpur, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|58|34|N|87|9|31|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27= Kundahit| numbered27=R| mark-title27=[[Kundahit]] (R)
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|55|25|N|87|2|7|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Nala| numbered28=R| mark-title28=[[Nala, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|2|52|N|86|36|53|E}} | label-pos29=bottom|label29= Narayanpur| numbered29=R| mark-title29=[[Narayanpur, Jamtara]] (R)
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|28|48|N|86|42|20|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30=Deoghar| numbered30=M| mark-title30= [[Deoghar]] (M) |label-color30=#800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|31|19|N|86|38|51|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31=Jasidih| numbered31=M| mark-title31= [[Jasidih]] (M) |label-color31=#800000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|15|36|N|86|39|0|E}} | label-pos32=bottom|label32=Madhupur| numbered32=M| mark-title32= [[Madhupur, Deoghar]] (M) |label-color32=#800000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|16|32|N|87|15|50|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Dumka| numbered33=M| mark-title33= [[Dumka]] (M) |label-color33=#800000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|24|30|N|87|5|0|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34=Basukinath| numbered34=M| mark-title34= [[Basukinath]] (M) |label-color34=#800000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|57|47|N|86|48|5|E}} | label-pos35=bottom|label35=Jamtara| numbered35=M| mark-title35= [[Jamtara]] (M) |label-color35=#800000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|52|12|N|86|52|12|E}} | label-pos36=top|label36=Mihijam| numbered36=M| mark-title36= [[Mihijam]] (M) |label-color36=#800000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|5|38|N|86|42|15|E}}| label-pos37=left|label37=Karmatanr| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Karmatanr, Jamtara]] (CT) |shape-color37= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|16|42|N|87|13|50|E}}| label-pos38=left|label38=Dudhani| numbered38=CT| mark-title38= [[Dudhani, Dumka]] (CT) |shape-color38= #A40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|15|22|N|87|14|14|E}}| label-pos39=bottom|label39=Purana |labela39= Dumka| numbered39=CT| mark-title39= [[Purana Dumka]] (CT) |shape-color39= #A40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|18|10|N|87|15|19|E}}| label-pos40=left|label40=Rasikpur| numbered40=CT| mark-title40= [[Rasikpur]] (CT) |shape-color40= #A40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|6|24|N|87|18|30|E}}| label41= Massanjore|labela41= Dam| label-color41 = #C42222 | label-angle41=0| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=12| numbered41=D|mark-title41 =[[Massanjore Dam]]| shape-color41=#C42222
|mark-coord42={{coord|23|55|30|N|86|35|0|E}} |label42=Barakar River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42=30| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|5|0|N|86|47|0|E}} |label43=Ajay River| label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43=70| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|24|28|0|N|87|5|0|E}} |label44=Mayurakshi River| label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44=30| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|35|0|N|86|35|0|E}}|arc-textA= BIHAR| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-30| arc-gapA=6.5| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|23|50|30|N|87|25|0|E}}|arc-textB= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-75| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4}}

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] data Dumka Sadar subdivision, in Dumka district in 2011, had a total population of 1,321,442. There were 668,514 (51%) males and 652,928 (49%) females. Scheduled castes numbered 79,614 (6.02%) and scheduled tribes numbered 571,077 (43.22%). Density of population was 351 persons per square km. Literacy rate was 61.02%, male literacy rate was 72.96%, female literacy rate was 48.82%.<ref name=dumka/>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

==Police stations==
Police stations in Dumka Sadar subdivision are at:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/dumka| title = District Police Profile - Dumka| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 12 November 2020| archive-date = 30 October 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042217/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/dumka| url-status = dead}}</ref>
#[[Gopikandar, Dumka|Gopikandar]]
#[[Hansdiha]]
#[[Jama, Dumka (village)|Jama]]
#[[Jarmundi, Dumka|Jarmundi]]
#[[Kathikund, Dumka|Kathikund]]
#[[Masalia, Dumka (village)|Masalia]]
#[[Dumka|Mufassil]]
#[[Ramgarh, Dumka (village)|Ramgarh]]
#[[Ranishwar, Dumka|Ranishwar]]
#[[Shikaripara, Dumka|Shikaripara]]
#[[Saraiyahat, Dumka|Saraiyahat]]
#[[Taljhari, Dumka|Taljhari]]
#[[Tongra]]
#[[Dumka|Town]]

==Blocks==
Community development blocks in Jamtara Sadar subdivision are:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2017_PART_B_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 55: Rural PCA – CD block wise village primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2017_PART_B_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map of Dumka on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD Block ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||Literacy rate %||[[Nagar Parishad|NP]], [[Census town|CT]]
|-
|[[Dumka (community development block)|Dumka]]||[[Dumka]]||375.45||163.201||6.73||42.84||70.08|| 3
|-
|[[Gopikandar]]||[[Gopikandar, Dumka|Gopikandar]]||220.67||42,063||1.58||84.58||50.12|| -
|-
|[[Jama, Dumka|Jama]]||[[Jama, Dumka (village)|Jama]]||391.46||137,963||5.12||49.30||61.88|| -
|-
|[[Jarmundi]]||[[Jarmundi, Dumka|Jarmundi]]||393.57||168,163||6.95||26.64||58.06|| -
|-
|[[Kathikund]]||[[Kathikund, Dumka|Kathikund]]||306.20||71,458||2.45||63.54||54.09|| -
|-
|[[Masalia, Dumka|Masalia]]||[[Masalia, Dumka (village)|Masalia]] ||459.97||124,554||5.10||58.53||61.66|| -
|-
||[[Ramgarh, Dumka|Ramgarh]]||[[Ramgarh, Dumka (village)|Ramgarh]]||481.49||159,911||4.77||47.85||55.45|| -
|-
|[[Ranishwar]]||[[Ranishwar, Dumka|Ranishwar]]||346.74||101,667||7.85||45.14||47.54|| -
|-
|[[Saraiyahat]]||[[Saraiyahat, Dumka|Saraiyahat]]||300.44||156,291||9.08||17.95||58.64|| -
|-
|[[Shikaripara]]||[[Shikaripara, Dumka|Shikaripara]]||438.25||131,464||3.83||60.49||57.10|| -
|-
|}

==Education==
In 2011, Dumka Sadar subdivision out of a total 2,688 inhabited villages there were 377 villages with pre-primary schools, 2,118 villages with primary schools, 701 villages with middle schools, 77 villages with secondary schools, 25 villages with senior secondary schools, 5 villages with general degree colleges, 542 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 567-569, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

===Educational institutions===
The following institutions are located in Dumka Sadar subdivision:
*[[Sido Kanhu Murmu University]] was established in 1992 at [[Dumka]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.skmu.ac.in/| title = Sido Kanhu Murmu University | publisher = SKMU | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*Government Engineering College Dumka was established as an institution under PPP model between the [[Government of Jharkhand]] and [[Techno India|Techno India Group]] at Dumka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dumkaengg.edu.in/|title=Dumka Engineering College|website=www.dumkaengg.edu.in|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Phulo Jhano Murmu Medical College and Hospital]] was established in 2019 at Dumka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/300-mbbs-seats-up-for-grabs-in-jharkhand-as-sc-gives-nod-to-3-new-medical-colleges/story-Z89l4MxmsUNubE2NchW0RN.html|title=300 MBBS seats added in Jharkhand as SC gives nod to 3 new medical colleges|date=2019-08-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[St. Xavier's College, Dumka]] was established in 2011 at Maharo, Dumka.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sxcd.edu.in/About_the_college.aspx | title = St. Xavier’s College, Maharo, Dumka| publisher = SXC | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Santal Pargana College]] was established in 1955 at Dumka.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://skmu.ac.in/constituent-colleges | title = S.P College Dumka| publisher = Sido Kanhu Murmu University | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*[[Santal Pargana Mahila College]] was established in 1974 at Dumka.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://skmu.ac.in/constituent-colleges| title = S.P.Mahila College| publisher = Sido Kanhu Murmu University | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*A.N. College was established at Dumka.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.skmu.ac.in/affiliated-colleges | title = A.N.College, Dumka| publisher = Sido Kanhu Murmu University| access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*Shikaripara College was established at [[Shikaripara, Dumka|Shikaripara]].<ref name="Our Affiliated Colleges">{{cite web | url = http://www.skmu.ac.in/affiliated-colleges | title = Our Affiliated Colleges | publisher = Sido Kanhu Murmu University | access-date = 12 November 2020}}</ref>
*Mayurakshi Gramin College was established at [[Ranishwar, Dumka|Ranishwar]].<ref name="Our Affiliated Colleges"/>
*Phulo-Jhano Murmu College of Dairy Technology at [[Hansdiha]], is Jharkhand's first Dairy Technology college established in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reporterpost.in/article/jharkhand/6620/guv-to-inaugurate-phulo-jhano-dairy-technology-college-on-august-19/|title=Guv to inaugurate Phulo-Jhano Dairy Technology College on August 19 - Reporter Post|website=reporterpost.in|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2011, Dumka Sadar subdivision there were 70 villages with primary health centres, 228 villages with primary health subcentres, 95 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 37 villages with allopathic hospitals, 45 villages with dispensaries, 16 villages with veterinary hospitals, 31 villages with family welfare centres, 75 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

===Medical facilities===
(Anybody having referenced information about location of government/ private medical facilities may please add it here)

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Santhal Parganas Division}}
{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}

[[Category:Subdivisions of Jharkhand]]

Revati (raga)

2026-03-24T12:57:42Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{for|other terms or people|Revati (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}

'''Revati''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes).

In [[Hindustani music]] a raga that closely resembles ''Revati'' is ''[[Bairagi (raga)|Bairagi Bhairav]]''.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It is said to evoke ''Karuṇa'' [[rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]] (pathos).<ref name="raganidhi" /> This scale has also been used in chanting [[Vedas]].

==Structure and Lakshana==
''Revati'' is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain ''gāndhāram'' or ''dhaivatam''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|M1|P|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|P|M1|R1|S|foot=yes}}
(notes used in this scale are ''shuddha rishabham, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, kaisiki nishadham'')

''Revati'' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Ratnangi]]'', the 2nd ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, though it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, ''[[Vanaspati (Raga)|Vanaspati]]'', ''[[Hanumatodi]]'', ''[[Natakapriya]]'', ''[[Vakulabharanam]]'' or ''[[Chakravakam (raga)|Chakravakam]]'', by dropping both ''gāndhāram'' and ''dhaivatam''.

==Popular compositions==
''Revati'' rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'' composed in ''Revati''.

*''Mohana Vamshi'' by Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
*''Jagannatha Anatharakshaka'' by Subba Rao
*''Nanati Baduku'' and ''Akati Velala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Dhavalagangeya Gangadhara'' By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
*''Parvati Bhagavathi'' By Ganakalabhushana [[R. K. Padmanabha]]
*''Rogaharane Krupasagara'', ''Siri Ramana'', ''Venkatesha Stavaraja'' By [[Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]]
*''Mahadeva Shiva Shambho'' by Thanjavur Sankara Iyer
*''Sri Hare Janardhana'' by Puthucode Krishnamurthy
*''Bho Shambho'' by [[Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)|Swami Dayananda Saraswati]]
*''Navaratna Bhushanalankrte'' by Kollegal R Subramanian
*''Vâni Vēna Pâni'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]
*''Janani Janani'' by Cuddalore Subramaiam
*''Mayiladum Mayilaiyin'' by GN Rajagopal
*''Mangala Dayini'' by Adiseshayyar
*''Petra Thai'' by Ramalinga Vallalar
*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Illam Sangeetham Athil
|[[Avan Aval Adhu]]
| rowspan="4" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Mandhira Punnagai
|[[Manal Kayiru]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], B. S. Sasireka
|-
|Viral Meetaal
|Pennai Solli Kutramillai
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Maragatha Megam
|Meegathukum Thaagam undu
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Ninaithaal Unaithan
|Unnidathil Naan (1986)
|Thayanban
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Anandha Thagam
|Vaa Indha Pakkam
|[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]
|[[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kanavu Ondru
|[[Oru Odai Nadhiyagirathu]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Illayaraja]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sangeetha Jathimullai
|[[Kaadhal Oviyam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Durga Durga
|[[Priyanka (1994 film)|Priyanka]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vaanampaartha
|[[Karisakattu Poove]]
|rowspan=2|Illayaraja
|-
|Kaattu Vazhi Thunbam Illa
|Thandavakone
|-
|Adadaa Aghangaara Arakka Kaigalil
|[[Pithamagan]]
|rowspan=3|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Ennai Peththavalae
|[[Melmaruvathur Arpudhangal]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|Kannurangu Ponmayile
|[[Idhu Namma Aalu (1988 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]
|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|-
|Enakkum Unakkum Inimel Enna Kurai
|Puthiya Sangamam
|Ramakrishna Raja
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]],[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Bhuvaneswari Arul
|[[Thaye Neeye Thunai]]
|[[Raveendran]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vizhigal Meydaiyam Imaigal
|[[Kilinjalgal]]
|[[Vijaya T. Rajendar]]
|Kalyan, [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Thodhuvala Elai
|[[Thaai Manasu]]
|rowspan=2|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Chandiranum Sooriyanum
|[[Watchman Vadivel]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Ennai Thottu Vittu
|[[Poomaname Vaa]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sirpy]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Pavada
|Shenbaga Thottam
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kaakha Kaakha
|[[Naan Avanillai (2007 film)|Naan Avanillai]]
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|[[Vijay Antony]], [[Charulatha Mani]], Megha, Vinaya, Maya
|-
|Dhavam Ondru
|[[ABCD (film)|ABCD]]
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Nithyasree Mahadevan]], Balram
|-
|Oh Nenje Nenje
|[[Yamuna (film)|Yamuna]]
|Elakkiyan
|[[Haricharan]]
|}

== Tamil Devotional Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Album
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Guru Bhagavane Saranam
|Sri Guru Bhagavan
| Veeramani Kannan
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|}

==Related rāgams==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

In Japanese/Western music Revati corresponds to [[Insen scale]]

=== ''Graha bhedam'' ===
''Revati's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 2 other pentatonic rāgams, namely, ''[[Shivaranjani]]'' and ''[[Sunadavinodini]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. See ''[[Graha bhedam#Shivaranjani|Graha bhedam on Shivaranjani]]'' for more details and an illustration.

===Scale similarities===
*''[[Madhyamavati|Madhyamāvati]]'' is a rāgam which has the ''chathusruthi rishabham'' in place of the ''shuddha rishabham''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 M1 P N2 S : S N2 P M1 R2 S

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Krishna Baldev Vaid

2026-03-23T16:00:48Z

Aaron: Content updated and refined

{{Short description|Indian writer (1927–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Krishna Vaid
|birth_name = Krishna Baldev Vaid
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1927|7|27}}
|birth_place = [[Dinga]], [[British Raj]] (now [[Pakistan]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2020|2|6|1927|7|27}}
|death_place = [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
|education = [[Panjab University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Harvard University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
|spouse =
|children = 3, including [[Urvashi Vaid|Urvashi]] and [[Jyotsna Vaid|Jyotsna]]
|relatives = [[Alok Vaid-Menon]] (grandchild)
}}
'''Krishna Baldev Vaid''' ({{langx|hi|कृष्ण बलदेव वैद}}) (27 July 1927 – 6 February 2020) was an Indian [[Hindi]] fiction writer and playwright, noted for his experimental and iconoclastic narrative style.

== Early life ==
Vaid was born in Dinga, in what is now Pakistan. He and his family moved as refugees during the 1947 partition of the Indian subcontinent, which resulted in the creation of both modern India and Pakistan. Vaid studied at [[Panjab University|Punjab]] University and obtained his doctorate from [[Harvard University]].<ref name="Verma2013">{{cite book|author=Nirmal Verma|title=Days of Longing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uDEnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|accessdate=8 July 2017|date=15 November 2013|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-401-0}}</ref> His dissertation on [[Henry James]] was published by [[Harvard University Press]] in 1964 called: Technique in the Tales of Henry James.<ref>{{cite book |last=Vaid |first=Krishna Baldev |authorlink=Krishna Baldev Vaid |date=1964 |title= Technique in the Tales of Henry James |edition=1st |url= https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674864504&content=toc}}</ref>

== Career ==
He has taught at Indian universities, and moved to the United States in 1966 to continue his academic career. His literary works have been translated and published in English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Japanese and several Indian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://penguin.co.in/author/krishna-baldev-vaid/|title=Penguin Books|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=17 November 2016}}</ref> His works include ''Uska Bachpan'' (1957) translated into English by Vaid and published as ''Steps in Darkness,'' ''Bimal Urf Jayen to Jayen Kahan'' translated into English as ''Bimal in Bog'' (1974) and ''Guzara Hua Zamana'' (1981) translated into English as ''The Broken Mirror''.

Selected short stories in English translation were published as ''Silence and Other Stories'' ( Writer's Workshop, 1972), ''Dying Alone: A novella and Ten Short Stories'' (Penguin, 1992), and ''The Sculptor in Exile'' ( Penguin Books, 2014).

He did the first translation of [[Samuel Beckett]]’s plays “[[Waiting for Godot]]” and [[Endgame (play)]] into [[Hindi]] language in 1968.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://penguin.co.in/thepenguindigest/in-conversation-with-krishna-baldev-vaid/|title= In Conversation with Krishna Baldev Vaid|date=10 April 2017|publisher= Penguin India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
After retirement as Professor of English from [[State University of New York at Potsdam|State University of New York, Potsdam]], in 1985, Vaid lived in India for over two decades, and continued his literary activities. In 2010, he moved back to the United States, where he resided.

He was the father of [[Urvashi Vaid]] a well-known U.S. based political activist and [[Jyotsna Vaid]] an academic based in the United States. He has another daughter Rachna. Vaid was also the grandfather of the performance artist [[Alok Vaid-Menon]].

== Works ==
=== Novels ===

*''Uska Bachpan'' .
* '' Bimal Urf Jayen to Jayen Kahan'' .
*''Nasreen''
*'' Ek Naukrani Ki Diary''
* ''Dard La Dava''
* ''Doosra Na Koi''
* ''Guzara Hua Zamana''
* ''Kala Kolaj''
* ''Maya Lok''
* ''Nar Nari''

=== Short-story collections ===

*''Beech ka Darwaza'' .
*''Mera Dushman''.
*''Bodhisatva ki Biwi''.
*''Badchalan Biwiyo ka Dweep''.
* ''Doosra Kinare Se'''
* ''Lapata''
* ''Uske Bayan''
* ''Vah aur main''
* ''Khali Kitab Ka jadoo''
* ''Pravas Ganga''
* ''Khamoshi''
* ''Alap Lila''
* ''Pita Ki Parchhaiyan''
* ''Mera Dushman: Sampoorn Kahaniyan Part 1''
* ''Raat ki Sair: Sampoorn Kahanian Part 2''

=== Story collections in English translation ===

* ''Silence'' (Writers Workshop, Calcutta,1972)
* ''The Sculptor in Exile'' (Penguin Books, 2014—issue in Modern Classics series)

=== Plays ===

*''Bhookh Aag Hai''
*''Hamari Boodhiya''
*''Pariwar Akhada''
* ''Savaal aur Swapna''
* ''Mona Lisa ki Muskaan''
* ''Kehte hain Jisko Payar''
* ''Unt ka Ujala''

=== Diaries ===

* ''Khvab hai Divane ka''
* ''Shama har Rang mein''
* ''Duboya Mujhko Hone Ne''
* ''Jab Aankh Khul Gayee''

=== Interviews ===

* Javab Nahin
* Criticism
* Shikast Ki Avaaz
* Criticism in English
* Technique in the Tales of Henry James (Harvard University Press, 1964)

=== Novels in English translation ===

*''Bimal in Bog'' ( National Publishing House, 1972)
*''The Diary of a Maidservant'' (Oxford University Press, 2007)
* ''Dying Alone, novella and ten stories'' (Penguin Books,1992)
* ''The Broken Mirror'' (Penguin Books, 1994,2014—issued in Modern Classics series))
* ''Steps in Darkness'' (Orion Press,1962, Penguin Books, 1995,2014—issued in Modern Classics series)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.hindisamay.com/writer/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6.cspx?id=118&name=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6 Basic Information]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141016102830/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main33.asp?filename=hub040807the_curator.asp Ashok Vajpayi in Tehelka]
*[http://www.indereunion.net/actu/KBVaid/interKBVaid.htm Interview]
*[http://www.hindisamay.com/contentDetail.aspx?id=1879&pageno=1 the short story ''Mera Dushman'' in [Hindi]]
*[https://www.andrewwhitehead.net/partition-voices-kb-vaid.html K.B. Vaid talking vividly about living through communal riots in Dinga, W. Punjab, and how this was reflected in his Partition novel, 'The Broken Mirror']

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaid, Krishna Baldev}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian diarists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian memoirists]]

Asia Argento

2026-03-23T00:02:53Z

Aaron: cleanup page for clarity

{{Short description|Italian actress and filmmaker (born 1975)}}
{{For|the Japanese light novel character|List of High School DxD characters#Asia Argento}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Asia Argento
| image = Asia Argento in 2019.jpg
| caption = Argento in 2018
| birth_name = Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|9|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rome]], Italy
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Aria Argento
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|filmmaker}}
| years_active = 1984–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Michele Civetta]]|2008|2013|reason=divorced}}
| partner = {{Plainlist|
* [[Morgan (singer)|Morgan]] (Marco Castoldi; 2000–2006)
* [[Anthony Bourdain]] (2016–2018; his death)
}}

| children = 2
| parents = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dario Argento]]
* [[Daria Nicolodi]]
}}
| relatives = {{Plainlist|
* [[Claudio Argento]] (uncle)
* [[Alfredo Casella]] (great-grandfather)
}}
| website =
}}

'''Asia Argento''' ({{IPA|it|ˈaːzja arˈdʒɛnto|lang}};<ref>{{DOP|id=1006912|lemma=Asia}}</ref><ref>{{DOP|id=1006133|lemma=argento}}</ref> born '''Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento'''; 20 September 1975) is an Italian actress and filmmaker. The daughter of filmmaker [[Dario Argento]], she has had roles in several of her father's features and achieved mainstream success with appearances in ''[[XXX (2002 film)|XXX]]'' (2002), ''[[Land of the Dead]]'' (2005), and ''[[Marie Antoinette (2006 film)|Marie Antoinette]]'' (2006). Her other notable acting credits include ''[[La Reine Margot (1994 film)|Queen Margot]]'' (1994), ''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]'' (1994), ''[[Traveling Companion]]'' (1996), ''[[Last Days (2005 film)|Last Days]]'' (2005), and ''[[Islands (2011 film)|Islands]]'' (2011). Argento is the recipient of several accolades, including two [[David di Donatello]] awards for [[David di Donatello for Best Actress|Best Actress]] and three [[Globo d'oro|Italian Golden Globe]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Monica|last=Sisavat|url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Who-Asia-Argento-44133444|title=Fast Facts About Asia Argento, the Actress Accusing Harvey Weinstein of Rape(Report)|publisher=[[POPSUGAR]]|date=13 October 2017|access-date=9 June 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> Her directorial credits include ''[[The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things]]'' (2004) and ''[[Misunderstood (2014 film)|Misunderstood]]'' (2014).

After the [[Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases|Weinstein scandal]] in 2017, Argento spoke publicly about her experiences and was widely discussed in connection with the "[[MeToo movement|#MeToo]]" movement.<ref>{{Cite magazine|first=Erin|last=Nyren|url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/asia-argento-sexual-assault-settlement-1202909861/|title=Asia Argento Settled With Sexual Assault Accuser Last Year (Report)|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=20 August 2018|access-date=20 August 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported in August 2018 that actor [[Jimmy Bennett]] accused Argento of [[Sexual assault|sexually assaulting]] him in 2013, when he was 17 and she was 37.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19">{{Cite news |first=Kim|last=Severson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/19/us/asia-argento-assault-jimmy-bennett.html |title=Asia Argento, Who Accused Weinstein, Made Deal With Her Own Accuser |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City|date=19 August 2018|access-date=20 August 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> According to reporting, Argento first met Bennett when he appeared as a child actor in her film ''[[The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine | last=Lane | first=Anthony | title=Telling Tales | magazine=The New Yorker | date=2006-03-06 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/03/13/telling-tales | access-date=2025-08-08}}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Asia Argento et Dario Argento Cannes 1993.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Asia Argento and her father [[Dario Argento|Dario]] at the [[1993 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
Asia Argento was born Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento in Rome on 20 September 1975. Her father is [[Dario Argento]], an Italian filmmaker known for his work in the Italian [[giallo]] genre and for his influence on modern [[Horror film|horror]] and [[Slasher film|slasher movies]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Jean|last=Noh|url=https://www.screendaily.com/comment/asia-argento-discusses-her-father-/5078292.article|title=Asia Argento discusses her father|magazine=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]|publisher=Media Business Insight|location=London, England|date=5 October 2014|access-date=27 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Her mother was actress [[Daria Nicolodi]]<ref name="Kemp">{{cite web |last1=Kemp |first1=Ella |title='Suspiria' co-writer and Asia Argento's mother Daria Nicolodi has died |url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/suspiria-co-writer-and-asia-argentos-mother-daria-nicolodi-has-died-2826881 |website=nme.com |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> and her maternal great-grandfather was composer [[Alfredo Casella]].<ref name="Castellaro">{{cite web |last1=Castellaro |first1=Benedetta |title=Asia Argento, chi era il celebre bisnonno Alfredo Casella: famoso compositore |url=https://www.viagginews.com/2021/02/14/asia-argento-chi-era-bisnonno-alfredo-casella-famoso-compositore/ |website=viagginews.com |access-date=23 June 2021 |language=Italian |date=14 February 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203140/https://www.viagginews.com/2021/02/14/asia-argento-chi-era-bisnonno-alfredo-casella-famoso-compositore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Daria Nicolodi - Biografia - Sito ufficiale|url=http://www.darianicolodi.it/sezioni/biografia.html|access-date=2022-01-04|website=www.darianicolodi.it}}</ref>

When Argento was born, the city registry office in Rome refused to acknowledge "Asia" as an appropriate name, and instead officially inscribed her name as "Aria" (a name accepted by the city registry).<ref name=":0" /> She went by the name Asia, which she later used professionally.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1997/10/12/cosi-la-mia-piccola-divento-aria.html?refresh_ce|title='E COSI' LA MIA PICCOLA DIVENTO' ARIA ARGENTO ... '|newspaper=[[La Repubblica]]|publisher= GEDI Gruppo Editorial|location=Rome, Italy|date=10 December 1997|access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref> She pronounces her name as "AH-she-ah", which friends sometimes abbreviate to sound like "Ozzie".{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Argento has said that as a child she was lonely and depressed, owing in part to her parents' work.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Rose|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/jul/08/2|title=Wild Child|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London, England|date=8 July 2005|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> Her father used to read her his horror scripts as bedtime stories.<ref name="swindle">{{cite magazine|first=Caroline|last=Ryder|url=http://swindlemagazine.com/issueicons/asia-argento/|title=Asia Argento|magazine=[[Swindle (magazine)|Swindle]]|publisher=Shepard Fairey's Studio Number-One|location=Los Angeles, California|date=8 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808123020/http://swindlemagazine.com/issueicons/asia-argento/|archive-date=8 August 2007|access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> At age eight, Argento published a book of poems.<ref name="swindle"/> At the age of 14, she ran away from home.<ref name="guardian"/>

Argento has mentioned in interviews that she does not have a close relationship with her father.<ref name="index">{{cite magazine|first=Bruce|last=Labruce|url=http://www.indexmagazine.com/interviews/asia_argento.shtml|title=Interview with Asia Argento|magazine=[[Index Magazine]]|date=2001|access-date=16 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="sgirls">Daniel Robert Epstein. [http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Asia+Argento/ ''Interview with Asia Argento''.] SuicideGirls.com. 7 March 2006.</ref> She has mentioned that he was absent when she was a child, and has also mentioned that, because of this, she did not have a happy childhood.<ref name="Filmmaker"/> Regarding her relationship with her father and her reason for acting, she has stated that:

{{Blockquote|I never acted out of ambition; I acted to gain my father's attention. It took a long time for him to notice me – I started when I was nine, and he only cast me when I was 16. And he only became my father when he was my director. I always thought it was sick to choose looking at yourself on a big screen as your job. There has to be something crooked in your mind to want to be loved by everybody. It's like being a prostitute, to share that intimacy with all those people.}}

In an interview with ''[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker]]'' magazine, she stated that, at one time, "I was sick for a while; I was [[Agoraphobia|agoraphobic]]. I was afraid to go out of my apartment for a long time, I could only go out to work."<ref name="Filmmaker"/>

==Career==
Argento began to act at the age of nine,<ref name=iht>Joan Dupont. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070523060815/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/21/arts/cannes22.php "Asia Argento at Cannes: A modern heroine bares all – almost".] ''International Herald Tribune''. 21 May 2007.</ref> when she was cast in a small role in a film by [[Sergio Citti]].<ref name=index/> When she was 16, she starred in her father's film ''[[Trauma (1993 film)|Trauma]]'' (1993).<ref name="Filmmaker"/> She received the [[David di Donatello]]<ref name="hmovies">[http://www.horror-movies.ca/celeb.php?name=Asia-Argento Horror-Movies.ca, Asia Argento, Horrific Filmography.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220015323/http://www.horror-movies.ca/celeb.php?name=Asia-Argento|date=20 December 2008}} Retrieved on 16 February 2008.</ref> for Best Actress in 1994 for her performance in ''[[Perdiamoci di vista]]'', and again in 1996 for ''[[Traveling Companion|Compagna di viaggio]]'', which also earned her a [[Grolla d'oro]] award. Argento subsequently began to appear in [[English-language]] movies, such as ''[[B. Monkey]]'' and ''[[New Rose Hotel (1998 film)|New Rose Hotel]]'' (both 1998). Argento also performed in French-language roles, beginning with [[Charlotte de Sauve]] in ''[[La Reine Margot (1994 film)|La Reine Margot]]'' (1994).<ref name="Filmmaker"/>

Around the same time, she made her first foray into directing with the short films ''Prospettive'' and ''A ritroso'' (both 1994) and a documentary about her father (in 1996) and [[Abel Ferrara]] (in 1998).<ref name="Filmmaker"/> In 2000, Argento directed and wrote her first fiction feature film, ''[[Scarlet Diva]]'' (2000),<ref name="Filmmaker"/> which her father co-produced.<ref name="Filmmaker"/> In a review, ''[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker]]'' magazine called the film "riotously funny" and dubbed Argento "a filmmaker with a great degree of promise".<ref name="Filmmaker"/>
[[File:AsiaArgento07TIFF.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Argento at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival]]]]
She achieved wider recognition when she portrayed Russian [[Undercover operation|undercover spy]] Yelena in the Hollywood action film ''[[XXX (2002 film)|XXX]]'' (2002),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/asia-argentos-poignant-exploration-of-childhood-to-screen-at-italian-film-festival-20140916-10hkky.html|title=Asia Argento's poignant exploration of childhood to screen at Italian Film Festival|last=Hawker|first=Philippa|date=16 September 2014|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=27 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> alongside [[Vin Diesel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2002/08/07/asia-argento-talks-xxx|title=Asia Argento Talks xXx|last=KJB|date=7 August 2002|website=IGN|language=en-US|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref> The film grossed $277.4 million and launched Argento to international fame. She directed her second feature film, ''[[The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things]]'' (2004), based on a book by [[JT LeRoy]].<ref name=sgirls/>

In addition to her cinematic accomplishments, Argento has written a number of stories for magazines such as ''Dynamo'' and ''L'Espresso'', while her first novel, titled ''I Love You Kirk'', was published in Italy in 1999. She has modeled for the denim jeans brand [[Miss Sixty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://denimology.com/2008/03/asia_argento_miss_sixty_ad_cam|title=Asia Argento In Miss Sixty Ad Campaign|date=4 March 2008|website=Denimology.com|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422124204/https://denimology.com/2008/03/asia_argento_miss_sixty_ad_cam|url-status=dead}}</ref> She became a fan of the band [[Hondo Maclean]] when they wrote a track named after her and liked the track so much that she sent them pictures which they used as the cover of their 2003 album ''[[Plans for a Better Day]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hondo Maclean biography|work=[[BBC]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/8d6a5393-30da-4e9f-bc2f-45546fd90e04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724003143/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/8d6a5393-30da-4e9f-bc2f-45546fd90e04|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 July 2012|access-date=5 January 2008}}</ref>

She appeared in [[Placebo (band)|Placebo's]] music video for "[[This Picture (song)|This Picture]]", and appeared on Placebo frontman [[Brian Molko]]'s cover version of "[[Je t'aime... moi non plus]]". Argento has also starred in [[Catherine Breillat]]'s period drama ''[[The Last Mistress]]''.<ref name="nytimes">Kristin Hohenade. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/movies/28hohe.html "Therapy for Paralysis: Controversial Film".] ''New York Times''. 28 January 2007</ref><ref>" Peut-on jouer Barbey ? ", Anne-Elisabeth Blateau, in ''Carré d'art : [[Lord Byron|Byron]], [[Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly|Barbey d'Aurevilly]], [[Salvador Dalí|Dalí]], [[Jean-Edern Hallier|Hallier]]'', [[Jean-Pierre Thiollet]], Anagramme Editions, 2008, p. 143–149. {{ISBN|978-2-35035-189-6}}</ref> She dubbed the Italian version of the video game ''[[Mirror's Edge]]'' in the role of the runner [[Faith Connors]], from 2008 to 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mirror's Edge Catalyst|url=https://ilovevg.it/recensioni/mirrors-edge-catalyst/|access-date=4 June 2020|website=I Love Videogames – Notizie sui giochi per PC, Console e Mobile|date=15 June 2016 |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=13 November 2008|title=Videogiochi: Asia Argento da' voce a ''Faith'', l'eroina di ''Mirror's Edge''|url=https://www.tio.ch/people/people/427698/videogiochi-asia-argento-da-voce-a-faith-l-eroina-di-mirror-s-edge|access-date=4 June 2020|website=Ticinonline|language=it}}</ref>

Argento has been part of the [[Legendary Tiger Man]]'s project ''Femina'', which was released on 14 September 2009. She is featured on the song "Life Ain't Enough for You", which was released as a single along with the [[B-side]] "My stomach is the most violent of all Italy", in which she also contributes vocals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blitz.aeiou.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=bz.stories/46163|title=BLITZ: Legendary Tiger Man: ''Femina'' nas Lojas em Setembro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529105105/http://blitz.aeiou.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=bz.stories%2F46163|archive-date=29 May 2009}}</ref>

In May 2013, Argento's debut album, entitled ''Total Entropy'', was released by Nuun Music.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Discogs]]|title=Total Entropy|year=2013 |url=https://www.discogs.com/Asia-Argento-Total-Entropy/master/584909}}</ref>

In 2014, Argento played supporting role in the British film ''[[Shongram]]'', a fictional romantic drama based around the factual and historical events of the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<ref name="fansshare">{{cite news|url=http://www.fansshare.com/news/asia-argento-brings-her-star-appeal-to-movie-shongram/|title=Asia Argento brings her star appeal to the movie "Shongram"|last=Wright|first=Danielle|publisher=Fan Share|date=2 April 2014|access-date=12 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="cinemahour">{{cite news|url=http://www.cinemahour.com/news/bollywood/13233/anupam-kher-to-act-with-asia-argento-in-shongram.html|title=Anupam Kher to act with Asia Argento in 'Shongram'|publisher=Cinema Hour|date=13 August 2013|access-date=13 April 2014|archive-date=6 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806141331/http://www.cinemahour.com/news/bollywood/13233/anupam-kher-to-act-with-asia-argento-in-shongram.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Also in 2014, she directed her third feature film, titled ''[[Misunderstood (2014 film)|Misunderstood]]'' (2014), was selected to compete in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section at [[2014 Cannes Film Festival|that year's Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="Cannes2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/60533.html|title=2014 Official Selection|access-date=18 April 2014|work=Cannes}}</ref> That year, while promoting the film, Argento stated that she was not going to act anymore and that she had decided to concentrate on writing and directing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cannes: Asia Argento on Saying Goodbye to Crap and No Longer Feeling 'Misunderstood'|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/cannes-asia-argento-on-saying-goodbye-to-the-crap-and-no-longer-feeling-misunderstood|author=Nigel M. Smith|date=26 May 2014|work=IndieWire|access-date=21 September 2015}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Asia Argento 2009.jpg|thumb|upright|Argento at the [[2009 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
Besides Italian, Argento speaks English and French, which she learned for her role in ''Les Morsures de L'Aube''.<ref name="Filmmaker">[http://www.filmmakermagazine.com/fall2000/features/dangerous.php "Dangerous Beauty".] ''Filmmaker Magazine''. Retrieved on 16 February 2008.</ref>

In 2009, Argento signed a petition in support of film director [[Roman Polanski]], calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his [[Roman Polanski sexual abuse case|1977 charge]] for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shoard|first1=Catherine|author2=agencies|date=29 September 2009|title=Release Polanski, demands petition by film industry luminaries|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/sep/29/roman-polanski-petition|url-status=live|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180108124633/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/sep/29/roman-polanski-petition|archive-date=8 January 2018|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> In 2017, she expressed regret for signing the petition, calling it "a mistake"<ref>{{cite news|last=Kale|first=Sirin|date=21 February 2018|title=Natalie Portman Is One of the Few Celebrities to Apologize for Supporting Roman Polanski|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/natalie-portman-apology-for-roman-polanski-petition/|work=VICE|access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref> and stating later on that Polanski's continued career "speaks terribly of the industry".<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Hadley|date=30 January 2018|title=What does Hollywood's reverence for child rapist Roman Polanski tell us?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/30/hollywood-reverence-child-rapist-roman-polanski-convicted-40-years-on-run|work=The Guardian|access-date=25 February 2022}}</ref>

Argento moved to Germany in 2017, citing experiences of [[victim blaming]] received in Italy following her allegations against [[Harvey Weinstein]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Bryant|first=Kenzie|date=20 October 2017|title=Asia Argento Escapes to Germany After Onslaught of Victim-Blaming in Her Native Italy|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/10/asia-argento-harvey-weinstein-italian-backlash|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=20 October 2017|title=Weinstein accuser Asia Argento leaves Italy due to 'victim-shaming'|url=https://www.dw.com/en/weinstein-accuser-asia-argento-leaves-italy-due-to-victim-shaming/a-41052365|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref>

=== Relationships ===
Her first child, Anna Lou Castoldi, was born in 2001.<ref name="ode">Alan Jones. [http://odetoazia.com/info/bio.php "Biography".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033415/http://odetoazia.com/info/bio.php|date=28 February 2008}} OdetoAzia.com. September 2002.</ref> Italian rock and roll musician [[Morgan (singer)|Morgan]] (lead singer of [[Bluvertigo]]), is the father.<ref name=swindle/> She named her daughter after her half-sister Anna Ceroli, who died in a motorcycle accident.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

Argento married film director [[Michele Civetta]] on 27 August 2008 in [[Arezzo]]. Her second child (a son) was born in 2008 in Rome. The couple divorced in 2013.<ref name="guardian"/> She and her children live in the Vigna Clara neighborhood of Rome.<ref name=iht/>

Argento worked and became romantically involved with [[Anthony Bourdain]] in 2016 during the production of the [[Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown#Season 8 (2016)|Rome episode of ''Parts Unknown'']].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/anthony-bourdain-shows-off-romance-with-italian-star-asia-argento|title=Anthony Bourdain shows off romance with Italian star Asia Argento|date=16 May 2017|website=FoxNews.com|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/anthony-bourdain-asia-argento_us_591c8d3ce4b034684b08d716|title=Anthony Bourdain And Girlfriend Asia Argento Make It Instagram Official|first=Brittany|last=Wong|date=17 May 2017|access-date=4 June 2017|work=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/inside-anthony-bourdain-and-asia-argentos-romantic-relationship-w482776|title=Inside Anthony Bourdain and Asia Argento's Romantic Relationship|website=Us Weekly|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref> Bourdain became an outspoken supporter of Argento after she made public allegations against [[Harvey Weinstein]]. Text records show that Argento and Bourdain argued heavily in the days leading to his death, and that Argento ended their relationship shortly before and during his suicide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anthony Bourdain Told Asia Argento 'You Were Reckless with My Heart' in Last Texts Before His Death|url=https://people.com/food/anthony-bourdain-asia-argento-last-texts-down-and-out-in-paradise-excerpt/|website=People.com|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en}}</ref>

=== Sexual assault allegations by Argento ===
{{See also|Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases}}
Argento alleged in an October 2017 ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' article by [[Ronan Farrow]] that she had been [[sexually assaulted]] by Harvey Weinstein in the 1990s. She would later have consensual albeit "one-sided" sexual relations with him. She confirmed that a scene in ''[[Scarlet Diva]]'' where her character is accosted by a movie executive was indeed a reference to Weinstein.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Ronan|last=Farrow|author-link=Ronan Farrow|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/from-aggressive-overtures-to-sexual-assault-harvey-weinsteins-accusers-tell-their-stories|title=From Aggressive Overtures to Sexual Assault: Harvey Weinstein's Accusers Tell Their Stories|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=10 October 2017|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref> Later, Argento stated that the "article did a huge disservice to me and to my truth by simplifying all this", and accused Farrow of "misrepresenting" what happened to her.<ref>{{cite news|first=Mark|last=Shanahan|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2018/04/13/actress-asia-argento-speaks-harvard-about-weinstein-backlash/ExsLx9vf0Hjd7TRKvqMAhM/story.html|title=Actress Asia Argento speaks at Harvard about Weinstein backlash|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=14 April 2018|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>

Argento delivered a speech on 20 May 2018, following the [[2018 Cannes Film Festival]], calling the festival Weinstein's "hunting ground", alleging that she was raped by Weinstein in Cannes when she was 21. She added, "And even tonight, sitting among you, there are those who still have to be held accountable for their conduct against women".<ref>{{cite web|first=Daniela|last=Silva|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/asia-argento-delivers-searing-speech-calling-cannes-festival-weinstein-s-n875846|title=Asia Argento delivers searing speech calling Cannes festival Weinstein's 'hunting ground'|website=[[NBC News]]|date=21 May 2018|access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref>

On 24 January 2021, Argento alleged that director [[Rob Cohen]] had drugged her with [[gamma-hydroxybutyric acid]] and raped her during the filming of ''[[XXX (2002 film)|xXx]]''. A representative of Cohen denied Argento's assault accusation as "absolutely false".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/asia-argento-rob-cohen-sexual-assault-accusations-1234890955/|title=Asia Argento Accuses 'Fast And The Furious' Director Rob Cohen of Sexual Assault|last=Vivarelli|first=Nick|date=24 January 2021|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|language=en|access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>

===Sexual assault allegation against Argento===
On 19 August 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published allegations that Argento sexually assaulted actor [[Jimmy Bennett]].<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19"/> Argento had first met Bennett when he played her son in the 2004 film ''[[The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things]]'' when Bennett was 7 and she was 28.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19" /> The alleged assault occurred in 2013 when he was two months past his 17th birthday in a hotel room in California, where the [[age of consent]] is 18; Argento was 37 at the time.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19"/> According to Bennett, in their encounter Argento gave him alcohol, performed [[oral sex]] on him and had sexual intercourse with him.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19" />

Argento quietly arranged a $380,000 nondisclosure settlement with Bennett in the months following her revelations regarding Weinstein.<ref name="NYTimes_2018.08.19" /> Bennett said when Argento came out against Weinstein, it stirred memories of his own experience in 2013. He said he had sought to resolve the matter privately, and had not spoken out sooner "because I was ashamed and afraid to be part of the public narrative".<ref name="Severson"/>

In a statement provided to the ''Times'', he said: "I was underage when the event took place, and I tried to seek justice in a way that made sense to me at the time because I was not ready to deal with the ramifications of my story becoming public. At the time I believed there was still a [[Social stigma|stigma]] to being in the situation as a [[Rape of males#Female-on-male rape|male]] in our society. I didn't think that people would understand the event that took place from the eyes of a teenage boy." Bennett said he would like to "move past this event in my life", adding, "today I choose to move forward, no longer in silence".<ref name="Severson">{{cite news|first=Kim|last=Severson|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/us/jimmy-bennett-statement-asia-argento.html|title= Jimmy Bennett Says He Feared Speaking Out About Asia Argento|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=22 August 2018}}</ref>

Argento initially denied the allegations, falsely claiming that she never had a sexual encounter with Bennett and that when he made a request for money to her, her partner [[Anthony Bourdain]] paid him to avoid negative publicity.<ref name="The Guardian 21 August 2018">{{cite news|last1=Mumford|first1=Gwilym|last2=Kirchgaessner|first2=Stephanie|date=21 August 2018|title=Asia Argento denies sexual assault of 17-year-old actor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/21/asia-argento-denies-sexual-assault-claims-anthony-bourdain|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref>

On 22 August, she released a statement reading: "I strongly deny and oppose the contents of the ''New York Times'' article dated 20 August 2018, as circulated also in national and international news. I am deeply shocked and hurt by having read news that is absolutely false. I have never had any sexual relationship with Bennett."<ref name="France">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/21/entertainment/rose-mcgowan-asia-argento/index.html|title=Rose McGowan facing backlash for urging 'Be Gentle' with Argento|first=Lisa Respers|last=France|website=CNN|date=21 August 2018|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> A spokeswoman for the ''Times'' responded, "We are confident in the accuracy of our reporting, which was based on verified documents and multiple sources".<ref name="Severson"/> Fellow [[#MeToo]] advocate [[Rose McGowan]] initially expressed support for Argento and implored others to show restraint, stating, "None of us know the truth of the situation and I'm sure more will be revealed. Be gentle."<ref name="France"/> McGowan faced criticism on social media for her comments, which was criticized as contradicting the #MeToo movement's message of believing survivors.<ref name="France"/>

Following Argento's denials, a photograph of her topless in bed with Bennett was published, as well as her alleged admission of sex with him in text messages to model [[Rain Dove]]. In the screenshots, Argento reputedly stated: "I had sex with him it felt weird. I didn't know he was a [[Minor (law)|minor]] until the shakedown letter."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arkin |first1=Daniel |title=Photo, text messages appear to contradict Asia Argento's denial of relationship |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/photo-text-messages-appear-contradict-asia-argento-s-denial-relationship-n902876 |access-date=27 August 2018 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=22 August 2018}}</ref>

In a letter published online in September 2018, Argento's attorney admitted there was a sexual encounter, but claimed the underage Bennett "sexually attacked" Argento.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chloe|last=Melas|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/05/entertainment/asia-argento-jimmy-bennett-sexually-assaulted-her/index.html|title=Asia Argento's attorney says 17-year-old sexually 'attacked' her|website=[[CNN]]|date=5 September 2018|access-date=3 October 2018}}</ref> Amid the allegations, Argento was dropped as a judge on ''[[X Factor (Italian TV series)|X-Factor Italy]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Slingerland |first1=Calum |title=Asia Argento Dropped from 'X Factor Italy' After Sexual Misconduct Allegations |url=https://exclaim.ca/film/article/asia_argento_removed_from_x_factor_italy_after_sexual_misconduct_allegations |magazine=[[Exclaim!]]|publisher=Exclaim! Media |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|date=27 August 2018|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1986
|''[[Demons 2]]''
|Ingrid Haller
|
|-
|1988
|''Zoo''
|Martina
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|''{{sortname|The|Church|The Church (1989 film)}}''
|Lotte
|
|-
|''[[Red Wood Pigeon]]''
|Valentina
|
|-
|1992
|''[[Close Friends]]''
|Simona
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[Trauma (1993 film)|Trauma]]''
|Aura Petrescu
|
|-
|''[[Condannato a nozze]]''
|Olivia
|{{aka}} ''Diary of a Man Condemned to Marriage''
|-
| rowspan="3" |1994
|''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]''
|Arianna
|
|-
|''[[La Reine Margot (1994 film)|Queen Margot]]''
|[[Charlotte de Sauve]]
|
|-
|''DeGenerazione''
|Lorna
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|''{{sortname|The|Stendhal Syndrome}}''
|Detective Anna Manni
|
|-
|''[[Traveling Companion]]''
|Cora
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1998
|''[[Viola Kisses Everybody]]''
|Viola
|
|-
|''[[New Rose Hotel (film)|New Rose Hotel]]''
|Sandii
|
|-
|''[[B. Monkey]]''
|Beatrice / B. Monkey
|
|-
|''{{sortname|The|Phantom of the Opera|The Phantom of the Opera (1998 film)}}''
|[[Christine Daaé]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[Scarlet Diva]]''
|Anna Battista
|Also writer and director
|-
|2001
|''Les Morsures de l'aube''
|Violaine Charlier
|a.k.a. ''Love Bites''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''{{sortname|The|Red Siren}}''
|Detective Anita Staro
|
|-
|''[[XXX (2002 film)|XXX]]''
|Yelena
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|''{{sortname|The|Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things}}''
|Sarah
|Also co-writer and director
|-
|''{{sortname|The|Keeper|The Keeper (2004 film)}}''
|Gina Moore
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2005
|''[[Last Days (2005 film)|Last Days]]''
|Asia
|
|-
|''[[Cindy: The Doll Is Mine]]''
|[[Cindy Sherman]] / The Model
|Short film
|-
|''[[Land of the Dead]]''
|Slack
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
|''[[Live Freaky! Die Freaky!]]''
|Habagail Folger (voice)
|
|-
|''[[Marie Antoinette (2006 film)|Marie Antoinette]]''
|[[Madame du Barry]]
|
|-
|''[[Transylvania (film)|Transylvania]]''
|Zingarina
|
|-
|''[[Friendly Fire (2006 film)|Friendly Fire]]''
|Grand Dame
|Video
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007
|''[[Boarding Gate]]''
|Sandra
|
|-
|''[[Go Go Tales]]''
|Monroe
|
|-
|''{{sortname|The|Last Mistress}}''
|Vellini
|
|-
|''{{sortname|The|Mother of Tears}}''
|Sarah Mandy
|
|-
|2008
|''[[On War (film)|On War]]''
|Uma
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Diamond 13]]''
|Calhoune
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2011
|''[[Horses (film)|Horses]]''
|Madre
|
|-
|''[[Islands (2011 film)|Islands]]''
|Martina
|
|-
|''[[Baciato dalla fortuna]]''
|Betty
|
|-
|''[[Drifters (2011 film)|Drifters]]''
|Beatrice Plana
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''[[Dracula 3D]]''
|[[Lucy Westenra|Lucy Kisslinger]]
|
|-
|''[[Do Not Disturb (2012 film)|Do Not Disturb]]''
|Monica
|
|-
|''Firmeza''
|Asia
| rowspan="2" |Short film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013
|''{{sortname|The|Voice Thief|nolink=1}}''
|Naya
|-
|''[[Cadences obstinées|Obsessive Rhythms]]''
|Margo
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''[[Shongram]]''
|Sarah
|Bangladeshi film
|-
|''[[Misunderstood (2014 film)|Misunderstood]]''
|
|Director and writer
|-
|2017
|''Shadow''
|
|Short film
|-
|2018
|''Alien Crystal Palace''
|Sybille Atlante
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Agony (2020 film)|Agony]]''
|Isidora
|
|-
|2021
|''Sans soleil''
|Léa
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Dark Glasses]]''
|Rita
|
|-
|''[[Padre Pio (film)|Padre Pio]]''
|Tall Man
|
|-
|''[[Vera (2022 film)|Vera]]''
|Asia
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''{{ill|Let Her Kill You|fr|Seule : Les Dossiers Silvercloud}}''
|Anna
|
|-
|''[[Dario Argento Panico]]''
|Herself
|Documentary film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Queens of Drama (film)|Queens of Drama]]''
|Magalie Charmer
|
|-
|''[[Romeo Is Juliet]]''
|Herself
|Cameo
|-
| TBA
| ''A Mother for an Hour''
|
| <ref>{{cite web |last=Barraclough |first=Leo |title=Asia Argento, Frances Barber, Tamer Hassan, Laura Whitmore Join 'A Mother for an Hour' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/asia-argento-frances-barber-tamer-hassan-laura-whitmore-a-mother-for-an-hour-1235781648/ |website=Variety |access-date=30 January 2024 |date=6 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|1985
|''Sogni e bisogni''
|Gloria
|Episode: "Il ritorno di Guerriero"
|-
|2000
|''[[Les Misérables (2000 TV miniseries)|Les Misérables]]''
|[[Éponine]] Thénardier
|TV miniseries
|-
|2004
|''Milady''
|Sally La Chèvre
|TV film
|-
|2011
|''Sangue caldo''
|Anna Rosi
|Episodes: "1.1", "1.2"
|-
|2014
|''Rodolfo Valentino – La leggenda''
|[[Natacha Rambova]]
|Episode: "1.2"
|-
|2016
|''[[Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown]]''
|Herself
|Season 10, Episode 8: "Southern Italy: The Heel of the Boot"
|-
|2016
|''Ballando con le stelle''
|Contestant
|Series 11
|-
|2018
|''[[The X Factor (Italy)|The X Factor Italy]]''
|Judge
|[[X Factor (Italian season 12)|series 12]]; auditions / judges' houses
|-
|2020
|''[[Pechino Express]]''
|Contestant along with [[Vera Gemma]]
|Season 8
|-
|2021
|''[[Belve (TV series)|Belve]]''
|Herself
|Interview (season 5)
|}

===Video games===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
|2008–2009
|''[[Mirror's Edge]]''
|[[Faith Connors]]
|Dubbed in the Italian version; [[Xbox 360]]/[[PlayStation 3]]/[[Microsoft Windows]] version
|}

===Writing===

Argento's autobiography, ''Anatomy of a Wild Heart,'' was published in Italy on 26 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Nick|last=Vivarelli|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/asia-argento-rob-cohen-sexual-assault-accusations-1234890955/|title=Asia Argento Accuses 'Fast and the Furious' Director Rob Cohen of Sexual Assault|newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=24 January 2021|access-date=8 March 2025|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Music videos===
* "(s)AINT" – [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]]
* "[[This Picture (song)|This Picture]]" – [[Placebo (band)|Placebo]]
* "Live Fast! Die Old!" – with Munk
* "Someone" – with Archigram and Antipop
* "Sexodrome" – with [[Morgan (singer)|Morgan]]
* "Life Ain't Enough for You" – with [[The Legendary Tigerman]]
* "My Stomach Is the Most Violent of All of Italy" – with [[The Legendary Tigerman]]
* "Ours" – with [[Tim Burgess (musician)|Tim Burgess]]
* "La vie est belle" – [[Indochine (band)|Indochine]]
* "Dead Meat" – [[Sean Lennon]]

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable" style="padding: 10px;"
|-
! Album
! Released
|-
|''Asia Argento (1 Disco Sux / 2 U Just Can't Stop the Rock / 3 Sad Core)'' || rowspan="2"|2008
|-
|Archigram & Friends
|-
| ''Total Entropy'' || 2013
|-
|''Music From My Bed'' || 2021
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Award
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Category
!scope="col"|Nominated work
!scope="col"|Result
!scope="col"|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!scope=row|[[Brooklyn Film Festival]]
|2000
|Best New Director
|''[[Scarlet Diva]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
!scope=row rowspan=2|[[Ciak d'Oro]]
|1994
|rowspan=2|Best Actress
|''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1996
|''[[The Stendhal Syndrome]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row rowspan=2|[[David di Donatello]]
|1994
|rowspan=2|Best Actress
|''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1997
|''[[Traveling Companion]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row rowspan=4|[[Globo d'Oro]]
|1989
|rowspan=2|Best Actress
|''Zoo''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|1996
|''[[Travelling Companion]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2010
|European Award
|Herself
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2012
|Best Actress
|''[[Islands (2011 film)|Islands]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row|[[Grolla d'oro]]
|1996
|Best Actress
|''[[Travelling Companion]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row|MystFest
|1995
|Audience Award
|''De Generazione''
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row rowspan=7|[[Nastro d'Argento]]
|1993
|Best Actress
|''[[Close Friends]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|1994
|Best Supporting Actress
|''[[Condannato a nozze]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|1995
|rowspan=3|Best Actress
|''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|1997
|''[[Travelling Companion]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2006
|''[[The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
|Best Screenplay
|''[[Misunderstood (2014 film)|Misunderstood]]''
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Bulgari Award
|Herself
|{{Won}}
|
|-
!scope=row|[[Premi Flaiano]]
|1994
|Best Actress
|''[[Let's Not Keep in Touch]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|}

==Recognition==

In 2012, Argento was highlighted in the retrospective ''Argento: Il Cinema Nel Sangue'' at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madmuseum.org|title=The Museum of Arts and Design|website=Madmuseum.org|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref> The retrospective celebrated the influence of the Argento family on filmmaking in Italy and around the world. It highlighted Asia's contribution as well as that of her mother ([[Daria Nicolodi]]), [[Dario Argento|father]], grandfather (Salvatore), and uncle (Claudio).<ref>{{cite web|title=Argento: Il Cinema Nel Sangue|url=https://madmuseum.org/series/argento-il-cinema-nel-sangue|website=Museum of Arts and Design|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dollar|first1=Steve|title=Importing Cinema of Great Import|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304444604577338071983627842|website=Wall Street Journal|date=12 April 2012|publisher=Dow Jones Inc|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kasman|first1=Daniel|title=The Design and Architecture of Terror: Dario Argento's "Deep Red"|url=https://mubi.com/notebook/posts/the-design-and-architecture-of-terror-dario-argentos-deep-red|website=Notebook|publisher=MUBI|date=3 August 2015|access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref>

==See also ==
* [[Cinema of Italy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Asia Argento}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Tcmdb name}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|asia_argento}}

{{Asia Argento}}
{{David di Donatello Best Actress}}
{{X Factor (Italy)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Argento, Asia}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
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Reetika Khera

2026-03-22T23:28:38Z

Aaron: stub

{{Short description|Indian development economist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Reetika Khera
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = 
| alma_mater = Convent of Jesus and Mary, Baroda, [[Delhi School of Economics]], [[University of Delhi]], [[University of Sussex]], [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Development economist]]
| spouse =
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''Reetika Khera''' is an Indian development economist.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/reetika-khera | title=Reetika Khera | Humanities & Social Sciences }}</ref> Khera is Professor (Economics) at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] (IIT Delhi).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/reetika-khera | title=Reetika Khera | Humanities & Social Sciences }}</ref> She was Associate Professor (Economics and Public Systems group) at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]] (IIM Ahmedabad) from 2018-20.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Reetika Khera's faculty bio page|url=https://www.iima.ac.in/web/faculty/faculty-profiles/reetika-khera|access-date=|website=|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807122927/https://www.iima.ac.in/web/faculty/faculty-profiles/reetika-khera|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Reetika Khera received a B.A. in economics from [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], an M.A. in economics from the [[Delhi School of Economics]], [[University of Delhi]] and an M.Phil. in development studies from the Institute of Development Studies at the [[University of Sussex]] in [[Brighton]], [[England]]. Khera completed a Ph.D. in economics at the [[Delhi School of Economics]]. She did her schooling from Convent of Jesus and Mary, Baroda.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/reetika-khera | title=Reetika Khera | Humanities & Social Sciences }}</ref>

She has received fellowships from the Institute for Economic Growth, the Commonwealth Scholarship Scheme, King's College London, and from Princeton University (for a project with Nobel laureate [[Angus Deaton|Sir Angus Deaton]]).

==Career==
Reetika Khera is a development economist. She was at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]], on leave from her post as Sulaiman Mutawa Associate Chair Professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]. Khera is an advocate for improved welfare programs in the country and participated in the campaign to implement India's [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|National Rural Employment Guarantee Act]] ([[NREGA]]). {{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

Before joining IIT Delhi she was based at the [[G. B. Pant Social Science Institute]], [[Allahabad University]] and at the [[Centre for Development Economics]] at the [[Delhi School of Economics]]. She has published several research papers analyzing NREGA, the Public Distribution System (PDS) and other programs that affect India's most vulnerable citizens. In October 2017, she was in residence as an External Faculty Fellow at the Stanford Humanities Center<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://shc.stanford.edu/events/reetika-khera-welfare-needs-aadhaar-fish-needs-bicycle|title=Reetika Khera {{!}} Welfare Needs Aadhaar Like a Fish Needs a Bicycle|last=Wakefield|first=Tanu|date=2017-10-02|work=Stanford Humanities|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> and was nominated for the post (by the Center for South Asia) to edit a book titled <ref>{{cite book| id={{ASIN|9352875427|country=in}} }}</ref> on India's [[Aadhaar]] program.

In 2021, she won the [[Malcolm Adiseshiah]] Award <ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/3-profs-to-get-malcom-adiseshiah-award/articleshow/82153119.cms | title=3 profs to get Malcom Adiseshiah Award | Mumbai News - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=20 April 2021 }}</ref> for distinguished contributions to Development Studies. The award was instituted by the Malcolm & Elizabeth Adiseshiah Trust in 2000 and is presented to social scientists for their outstanding contributions to the society. The Malcolm Adiseshiah Award was first given to Abhijit V. Banerjee in 2000. Since then, Ram Guha, [[Pratap Bhanu Mehta]], Jayati Ghosh, [[Nandini Sundar]], Amita Baviskar, [[Yogendra Yadav]], among others, have received it.

Khera has written columns for popular media and been profiled in the mainstream media in India—for outlets such as NDTV,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/author/reetika-khera|title=Reetika Khera – Author, NDTV.com|website=www.ndtv.com|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> Scroll.in,<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://scroll.in/author/708 |title= Reetika Khera {{!}} Scroll.in |website= scroll.in |language= en |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> Wire.in,<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://thewire.in/author/reetika-khera/|title=Reetika Khera, Author at The Wire|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> Outlook India,<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.outlookindia.com/people/reetika-khera/15648 |title= Reetika Khera: Latest News on Reetika Khera, Reetika Khera Photos {{!}} Outlookindia |work= www.outlookindia.com |access-date= 2018-01-24}}</ref> Financial Times,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kazmin |first=Amy |date=8 November 2017 |title=One year on, jury is still out on India's 'black money' ban |language=en-GB |website=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/15859560-c3b8-11e7-a1d2-6786f39ef675 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> Reuters,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-rights-tech/indias-digital-id-sparks-debate-over-human-right-to-personal-data-idUSKBN1E718Y|title=India's digital ID sparks debate over human right to personal data|date=2017-12-13|work=Reuters|accessdate=2018-01-24}}</ref> Bloomberg Quint,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/2018/01/10/study-raises-red-flags-and-fresh-debate-on-aadhaar|title=Study Raises Red Flags And Fresh Debate On Aadhaar|work=Bloomberg Quint|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> Quartz,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/1061195/taming-aadhaar-an-epic-battle-has-been-won-in-the-fight-for-privacy-in-india-but-the-war-isnt-over/|title=An epic battle has been won in the fight for privacy in India, but the war isn't over|last=Ghoshal|first=Devjyot|work=Quartz|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Magnum Foundation,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emergencyfund.magnumfoundation.org/projects/pati-india/|title=Pati, India {{!}} Emergency Fund|website=emergencyfund.magnumfoundation.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-24|archive-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016231329/http://emergencyfund.magnumfoundation.org/projects/pati-india/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Indian Express,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/profile/author/reetika-khera/|title=Reetika Khera|website=The Indian Express|date=5 April 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> [[Business Standard]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/aadhaar-enabled-dbt-is-more-demanding-than-dbt-reetika-khera-114062800476_1.html|title=Aadhaar-enabled DBT is more demanding than DBT: Reetika Khera|last=Kapur|first=Manavi|date=2014-06-28|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> [[Business Line]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/budget/aadhaar-has-no-role-in-plugging-leakages-reetika-khera-associate-professor-economics-iitdelhi/article10024685.ece|title='Aadhaar has no role in plugging leakages'|last=Surabhi|date=2018-01-10|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en}}</ref> Economic Times,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/interviews/labour-freedom-won-battle-on-against-wage-delaysreetika-khera/articleshow/9316925.cms|title=Labour Freedom Won, Battle On Against Wage Delays:Reetika Khera|date=2011-07-22|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> Frontline (she wrote the Nov 2016 cover feature<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/policy-disaster/article9265880.ece|title=Policy disaster|last=Khera|first=Reetika|date=2016-11-11|website=Frontline (India)|access-date=}}</ref>), Business Today (she wrote the Jan 2016 cover feature<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/economy-the-right-perspective-on-populism/story/227527.html|title=It's time to give every Indian a social security net|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=9 January 2016 |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref>) and the BBC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-23339206|title=Why India's school meal deaths are a terrible tragedy|last=Biswas|first=Soutik|date=2013-07-17|work=BBC News|accessdate=2018-01-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> She is frequently interviewed on Indian television in English and Hindi and in alternative Indian media (such as Newslaundry,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/03/17/lets-talk-about-privacy|title=Newslaundry {{!}} Sabki Dhulai|last=Newslaundry|work=Newslaundry|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en-us}}</ref> Counterview.org (she wrote a feature piece on Aadhaar<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://counterview.org/2016/11/02/indias-aadhaar-project-an-assault-on-welfare-privacy-and-democracy-need-for-urgent-debate/|title=India's Aadhaar project: An assault on welfare, privacy and democracy; need for urgent debate|date=2016-11-02|work=COUNTERVIEW.ORG|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en-US}}</ref>), Deccan Herald,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/583315/aadhaar-enabled-exclusion-corruption.html|title=Aadhaar-enabled exclusion and corruption|website=Deccan Herald|date=27 November 2016 |access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> Livemint,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/Reetika%20Khera|title=Reetika khera news - Livemint|website=www.livemint.com|access-date=2018-01-24|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015919/http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/Reetika%20Khera|url-status=dead}}</ref> South Asia Citizens Web,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/Reetika%20Khera|title=Reetika khera news - Livemint|website=www.livemint.com|access-date=2018-01-24|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015919/http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/Reetika%20Khera|url-status=dead}}</ref> Countercurrents,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://countercurrents.org/2017/10/03/impact-of-aadhaar-in-welfare-programmes/|title=Impact Of Aadhaar In Welfare Programmes – Countercurrents|date=2017-10-03|work=Countercurrents|access-date=2018-01-24|language=en-US}}</ref> India Together<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatogether.org/tnwelfare-government|title=India Together: Tamilnadu's striking progress in welfare: Reetika Khera - 10 September 2012|access-date=2018-01-24}}</ref> and India Spend <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaspend.com/cover-story/the-whys-and-whats-of-indias-rural-jobs-scheme-99284|title=The Whys and Whats of India's Rural Jobs Scheme {{!}} IndiaSpend-Journalism India {{!}}Data Journalism India{{!}}Investigative Journalism-IndiaSpend|last=IndiaSpend|website=www.indiaspend.com|access-date=2018-01-24|archive-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201200717/http://www.indiaspend.com/cover-story/the-whys-and-whats-of-indias-rural-jobs-scheme-99284|url-status=dead}}</ref>).

== Publications ==

=== Books ===

* Dissent on Aadhaar, [https://www.amazon.in/Dissent-Aadhaar-Data-Meets-Brother/dp/9352875427/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=big+data+meets+big+brother&qid=1609516395&sr=8-1 Big Data Meets Big Brother]
*Drèze, Jean and Khera, Reetika (2015), [null Readings in Social Policy and Public Action], unpublished compilation.
* De, Anuradha, Khera, Reetika, Kumar, AK Shiva, Samson Meera (2011), PROBE Revisited (New Delhi: Oxford University Press).
* Battle for Employment Guarantee (2011), (New Delhi: Oxford University Press). Edited.
* Citizen's Initiative for Right of Children Under Six (2006), Focus On Children Under Six, Abridged Report (New Delhi: Right to Food Campaign). Contributor.
* Dey, Nikhil, Drèze, Jean and Khera, Reetika (2006), Employment Guarantee: A Primer (New Delhi: National Book Trust).

=== Peer reviewed articles ===

* Impact of Aadhaar on Welfare Programmes, Economic and Political Weekly, 16 December, Vol 52, No. 50. Special Article.
* Aadhaar and Food Security in Jharkhand, Pain Without Gain?, With Jean Drèze, Nazar Khalid and Anmol Somanchi. Economic and Political Weekly, 16 December, Vol 52, No. 50. Special Article.
* Recent Social Security Initiatives in India, With Jean Drèze. World Development, Vol 98, October 2017, pp. 555–572.
* Children's Development: Baby Steps in Odisha, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 50, No. 40. Special Article.
* Clarification on PDS Leakages, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 50, No. 39. With Jean Dreze, Himanshu and Abhijit Sen. Discussion.
* Food Security: Bihar on the Move, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 50, No. 34. With Jean Dreze and Jessica Pudussery. Special Article.
* UID: From Inclusion to Exclusion, Seminar, August 2015.
* Public Health in North India, An Exploratory Study in Four States Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 50, No. 21, pp. 53–58. With Kritika Goel. Insight.
* Understanding Leakages in the Public Distribution System, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 50, No., February 2015. With Jean Drèze. Insight.
* UID project: Does Evidence Matter, Yojana, July 2014.
* Cash vs. In-kind Transfers: Indian Data Meets Theory, Food Policy, 46, pp. 116–128, 2014.
* Rural Poverty and the Public Distribution System, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 48, No 45&46, 16 November 2013. With Jean Drèze. Special Article.
* Mid-Day Meals Looking Ahead, Economic and Political Weekly, August 2013.
* On the NIPFP Response, Economic and Political Weekly, Discussion, Vol. 48, No. 10, 9 March 2013. Discussion.
* A Cost-Benefit Analysis of UID, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2 February 2013. Commentary.
* Regional Patterns of Human and Child Deprivation, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 47, No. 39, 29 September 2012. With Jean Drèze. Special Article.
* Food Security Act: One Step Forward, One Step Back?, Seminar, No. 634, 2012.
* Revival of the Public Distribution System: Evidence and Explanations, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 46, No. 44-45, November, 2011. Special Article.
* Trends in Diversion of Grain from the Public Distribution System, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 46, No. 26, 21 May 2011. Special Article.
* India's Public Distribution System: Utilization and Impact, Journal of Development Studies, Vol 47, No. 3, pp. 1–23, 2011.
* The UID Project and Social Welfare, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol 46, No. 9. 2011. Perspectives.
* The BPL Census and A Possible Alternative, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 45 (No. 9), 27 February 2010. With Jean Drèze. Special Article.
* Women Workers and their Perceptions of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 44 (No. 43), 24 October 2009. With Nandini Nayak. Special Article.
* Right to Food: Beyond Cheap Promises, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 44 (No. 29) 18 July 2009. Insight.
* Starvation Deaths and "Primitive Tribal Groups, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 43 (No. 52), 27 December – 2 January 2008. Commentary.
* Self-Targeting on Employment Programmes, Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Volume 51, No. 2, 2008.
* Access to the Targeted Public Distribution System: A Case Study in Rajasthan, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 43 (No. 44), 1–7 November 2008. Special Article.
* Empowerment Guarantee Act, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 43 (No. 35), 30 August – 5 September 2008. Commentary.
* The State of India’s Children (with Jean Drèze and Sudha Narayanan), Indian Journal of Human Development, Volume 1, No. 2, July–December, 2007.
* Political Economy of State Response to Drought, Economic and Political Weekly, 16 December 2006. Special Article.
* Mid-Day Meals in Primary Schools: Achievements and Challenges, Economic and Political Weekly, 18 November 2006. Perspectives.
* Bringing Grassroots Democracy to Life: The MKSS Campaign in the Rajasthan Panchayat Elections, Economic and Political Weekly, 19 February 2005. Commentary.
* Monitoring Disclosures, Seminar, February 2004.
* Crime, Gender and Society in India: Insights from homicide data, Population and Development Review, Volume 30, No. 2, 2000. With Jean Drèze.

=== Popular media (print) ===
In January 2018, her NYT editorial, "Why India's Big Fix is a Big Flub,"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/21/opinion/india-aadhaar-biometric-id.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Why India's Big Fix Is a Big Flub|last=Khera|first=Reetika|date=2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-01-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> was one of the most comprehensive public arguments ever made on the limitations of [[Aadhaar]]. Khera describes how the program aimed to biometrically register India's 1.3 billion residents in an even-handed, judicious way. But although millions enrolled, the program remains riddled with colossal privacy and corruption challenges.

In her January ''New York Times'' editorial, Khera argues:<blockquote>[[Aadhaar]] was supposed to showcase the government’s forward thinking about efficient administration; it has only exposed the state’s coerciveness. It was supposed to ease the poor’s access to welfare; it has hurt the neediest. It was supposed to harness technology in the service of development; it has made people’s personal data vulnerable. One of the Indian government’s biggest banner projects has become a glaring example of all that can go wrong with policy making in this country.</blockquote>As part of an April 2018 story in the ''New York Times'', Khera highlights how India's poorest classes are among those [[Aadhaar]] has harmed the most. Rather than being aided by the program, Khera states that, "This is the population that is being passed off as ghosts and bogus by the government."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/07/technology/india-id-aadhaar.html|title='Big Brother' in India Requires Fingerprint Scans for Food, Phones and Finances|last=Goel|first=Vindu|date=2018-04-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

2022
* The Freebies Debate: An 'Anti-Democratic' Turn, BQ Prime, 24 August.
* Should there be limits on ‘freebies’?, The Hindu, 19 August.
* Six types of problems Aadhaar is causing – and safeguards needed immediately, Scroll.in, 2 January 2022 |

2021
* Hunger Index Is Limited, but There’s Enough Proof That India Has a Problem The Wire, 28 October | भूख सूचकांक में खामियां हैं, पर कमी हमारी व्यवस्था में भी है, Dainik Bhaskar, 28 October.
* Indian workers deserve more than Food Security, The Leaflet.in, 8 July.
* “Either we all live in a decent world, or nobody does.”, The Third Eye, 30 June.
* Doorstep delivery of rations sounds like a good idea – but it actually raises many hard questions, Scroll.in, 12 June.
* Decoding inequality in a digital world, The Hindu, 11 May.
* India’s vaccine policy mess is due to its reliance on technocrats instead of public health experts, Scroll.in, 8 May 2021.
* কী আশায় বুক বাঁধা যায়? Ananda Bazaar Patrika, 28 April 2021.
* 'Much more space must be given to public health experts in designing the vaccine strategy", Mid-Day, 26 April.
* Going beyond Tamil Nadu’s ‘freebies’ narrative, The Hindu, 5 April.
* আত্মনির্ভরতা শুধু গরিবের জন্য? Ananda Bazaar Patrika, 5 Jan, 2021.

2020
* How Hunger came back to haunt India Mint, 23 December.
* MSP — the factoids versus the facts, The Hindu, 19 December 2020. With Prankur Gupta and Sudha Narayanan.
* Can the right to work be made real in India?, The Hindu, 13 November 2020.
* What Pay Ratios in NIFTY50 companies tell us about income inequality in India" Feminism in India, 11 November 2020.
* Pay Ratio Report: “RIL has blatantly dodged mandatory requirements. SEBI and government are sleeping,” says Dr Reetika KheraThe CSR Universe, 5 October.
* Where is the Covid money, honey?, Economic Times, 30 September.
* PM's One-Nation, One-Ration Scheme - What Not To Do NDTV.com, 6 July.
* Modi government's 'One Nation, One Ration' is an attempt to deflect attention from actual solutions, Scroll.in, 17 June.
* Why cash can save the rural jobs scheme, LiveMint, 26 May 2020.
* Getting cash transfers out of a JAM, The Hindu, 13 May 2020. With Jean Dreze.
* How will India emerge out of the lockdown?, The Hindu Parley, 24 April 2020. With G. Ananthakrishnan and Dr. Giridhar Babu.
* Cash Chorus Is Flawed. Use "Odisha Model" Instead, NDTV online, 11 April 2020.
* Succour for the most vulnerable, India Today, 11 April 2020.
* Covid-19: What can be done immediately to help vulnerable population, Ideas for India, 25 March 2020. | Hindi in The Wire and Gaon Connection.
* From apathy to action", The Hindu, 30 March 2020.
* Is there an opportunity here? BBC (in Hindi) | Tamil.

2019
* A Stepmotherly state, India Today, 29 November.
* Viable solutions to PDS portability are being ignored in the push for Aadhaar, Indian Express, 28 November.
* তথ্যদুনিয়ার সিঁদকাঠি, Ananda Bazaar Patrika, 8 August 2019
* The Makings of a Digital Kleptocracy, The Hindu, 31 July 2019
* Why Indian voters need NYAY, But deserve more than basic guarantees, News18.com, 28 March.
* The Aadhaar Ordinance, Overruling the Supreme Court, BloombergQuint, 1 March.
* Back to Basics, India Today, 1 February 2019.

2018
* Aadhaar verdict, Big data meets big brother, Mint, 1 October.
* The Poor are left to themselves, The Hindu, 29 September.
* A let-down, but dissenting view is reason for hope, Times of India, 27 September 2018.
* If the Supreme Court could change its mind on Section 377, it will on Aadhaar too, Hindustan Times, 27 September.
* Food for Thought, India Today, 11 August 2018.
* These Digital ID's have cost people their privacy - and their lives, Washington Post, 9 August 2018.
* Surveillance is the anti-thesis of freedom, Deccan Herald, 10 June.
* Tale of Two Whistleblowers, Indian Express, 28 April.
* Aadhaar in Welfare is Pain without Gain, Hindustan Times, 24 April.
* Aadhaar: A Double Whammy, India Today, 29 March.
* Smarter than Aadhaar, Business Standard, 13 March.
* [https://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/aadhaars-11-bn-question/ Aadhaar's $11-billion question], Economic Times, 7 February. With Jean Drèze.
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/21/opinion/india-aadhaar-biometric-id.html Why India's Big Fix is a Big Flub], New York Times, 22 January.
* [http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/twin-existential-crisis-ways-in-which-aadhaar-violates-right-to-privacy-118011701528_1.html Aadhaar's Twin Existential Crisis], Business Standard, 18 January.
* Aadhaar has no role in plugging leakages’, Hindu Business Line, 10 January.
* Mind you, data security isn't the worst thing about Aadhaar ’, ThePrint.in, 8 January 2018.
* PDS ko khatam kar dega DBT', Prabhat Khabar, 8 January 2018.
* None of the problems in the implementation of NREGA can be fixed by Aadhaar. On the contrary, Aadhaar is the source of some problems", Invisible Lawyer, 18 December.

2018
* It is time for judiciary to call out the Indian government's lie on ‘voluntary Aadhaar’, Scroll.in, 7 December.
* Why ABBA must go The Hindu, 13 November.
* आधार पर अदालत की सुनें Amar Ujala, 13 November.
* Why govt-subsidized Amma, Indira canteens are life-saversHindustan Times, 25 August 2017.
* Maut aur taqleef se jhoojhti janata Prabhat Khabar, 20 August.
* आधार: जीवन के अधिकार पर प्रहार Prabhat Khabar, 2 August.
* The Government is speaking in two tongues on the right to privacy Interview, Business Standard, 23 July.
* The Different Ways in Which Aadhaar Infringes on Privacy, The Wire, 2 June.
* Digital India: Ek Nazar, Prabhat Khabar, 18 July.
* The Real Beneficiaries, Indian Express, 2 June.

2017
* Evidence No Bar, Indian Express, 5 April 2017.
* Feeding Insecurities, Hindu Business Line, 31 March 2017.
* No Good Will Come from Linking Aadhaar to Mid-Day Meals | आधार को मिड डे मील से जोड़ने पर नुकसान के सिवा कुछ हासिल नहीं होगा, The Wire, 24 March.
* Four videos that show why Rajasthan needs to desperately fix its public distribution system, Scroll.in, 9 March.
* What Explains The Popular Support for Demonetization. In Hindi. नोटबंदी को मिले जनसमर्थन के पीछे क्या कारण है? The Wire, 27 February 2017.
* Ten Things We Need to Change, Livemint, 4 February 2017.
* Nice to See NREGA Trending. But Urgent Fixes Required, NDTV, 3 February 2017.
* After many u-turns, has Modi finally recognised the importance of social security measures?Scroll.in, 8 January 2017.

2016 and earlier
* A Phased Approach Will Make a "Basic Income" Affordable for India, The Wire, 20 December 2016.
* Why We Need to Open ‘Amma Canteens’ All Over India, The Wire, 8 December 2016.
* Amma's canteens, baby care kits most significant additions to Tamil Nadu welfare schemes: Reetika Khera, Catch News, 7 December 2016.
* Aadhaar-enabled Exclusion and Corruption, Deccan Herald, 27 November 2016.
* निन्यानबे फीसदी बनाम एक फीसदी, Amar Ujala, 22 November 2016.
* The Good, Bad, and Ugly of Modi's 'surgical strike' on Black Money, NDTV, 14 November 2016.
* Policy Disaster, Frontline, 11 November 2016.
* कुपोषण से कैसे लड़ सकते हैं, Amar Ujala, 19 October 2016.
* Big Media's Take on the Aadhaar-LPG Savings Saga Highlights Why We Can't Trust It, The Wire, 7 October 2016.
* Could the virtual world of Pokémon Go be used to help rich Indians see real struggles of the poor?, Scroll.in, 30 July 2016.
* क्या 'आधार' लोगों का अधिकार छीन रहा है?, BBC Hindi, 27 July 2016.
* On Aadhaar Success, Its All Hype - That Includes the World Bank, NDTV.com, 23 July 2016.
* Food Security Act: How are poor states doing?, Ideas for India, 29 June 2016.
* Jean Dreze & Reetika Khera: Any state can reform PDS if it has political willInterview, Catch News, 17 June 2016.
* Five Aadhaar Myths that Don't Stand Up to Scrutiny, The Wire, 23 March 2016.
* मजदूरों के हक में मनरेगा, Amar Ujala, 4 February 2016.
* Digging holes, filling them up, Indian Express, 3 February 2016.
* "For NREGA, Tamil Nadu is the only hope", NDTV.com, 2 February 2016.
* Community kitchens: An idea whose time has come, Scroll.in, 22 January 2016.
* The Right(s) Perspective on Populism, Business Today, 17 January 2016.
* Child Development: Kerala tops, Gujarat flops, Bihar hops, NDTV 24x7 | बाल विकास - केरल टॉप, गुजरात फ्लॉप, बिहार हिट NDTV India, 18 November 2015. With Jean Drèze.
* "Child Development: How are Indian states faring?" Ideas for India.
* PDS in Bihar, The Road Ahead Live Mint, 3 November 2015.
* "A Nobel for the idea of well-being", ''The Hindu'', 17 October 2015. "Against the tide: Deaton's economics" Ideas for India.
* गरीबी के बारे में डीटन ने बढ़ाई है अर्थशास्त्र की समझ, Outlook Hindi, 15 October 2015.
* Five Myths About Aadhaar, Outlook, 18 September 2015.
* Thought for Food, खाद्य सुरक्षा: सुधर सकते हैं फिसड्डी राज्यों के भी हालात Outlook, 21 August 2015. With Jean Dreze.
* आधार: ज़िंदगी में तांकझांक का तर्क कितना सही?, BBC Hindi, 17 August 2015.
* गरीबी से जंग के भोथरे हथियार, Amar Ujala, 31 July 2015.
* Nurture Mission, Frontline, 24 July 2015. With Rajkishor Mishra.
* Seven reasons why India needs eggs, Scroll.in, 10 June 2015.
* Eggs and Prejudice, Indian Express, 6 June 2015.
* And the Unique Identification juggernaut keeps rolling, The Wire, 3 June 2015.
* नकद हस्तांतरण से क्या हो पाएगी खाद्य सुरक्षा, Amar Ujala, 26 April 2015.
* Whose Bharat is it?, Outlook, March 2015.
* Ending the APL Scam, LiveMint, 3 March 2015. With Jean Dreze.
* The Meaning of Vikas, Outlook, February 2015.
* Fiscal Attention Deficit, HuffPost, February, 2015.
* Kaise Pahuche Garibon Tak Anaaj, Amar Ujala, February 2015.
* Social Welfare: India is trailing among the BRICS, The BRICS Post, 1 December 2014.
* The Whys and Whats of NREGA, Indiaspend.org, 4 November 2014 | मनरेगा से क्या है मोदी को दिक्कत?, BBC Hindi, 25 November.
* 'विकास मॉडलों' के बीच ओडिशा से सबक, BBC Hindi, 17 November 2014. With Jean Dreze and Rajkishor Mishra.
* माई-बाप सरकार' की वापसी, Amar Ujala, 15 October. | Mai-Baap Sarkar Returns, scroll.in
* Bitter Pill to Swallow, Indian Express, 2 September 2014.
* The Hills Aim Higher, Outlook, 24 August 2014. | हिमाचल को भी देखिए, Amar Ujala, 14 July 2014.
* Aadhaar-enabled DBT is more demanding than DBT, Business Standard, 28 June 2014.
* मेरे गुजरात की कहानी, Amar Ujala | Growing up in Gujarat, NDTV, 8 April 2014.
* UID project: Does Evidence matter?, Ideas for India, 5 February 2014.
* सामाजिक सुरक्षाः अपने ही क़ानून मरोड़ती सरकार, BBC Hindi, 19 November 2013.
* Do Government Schemes Ever work?, Yahoo News 22 October.
* A Welcome Intervention, Deccan Herald, 29 September 2013.
* Five Misconceptions about the Food Security Bill, Reprinted in LiveMint, 8 August 2013. Ideas for India version.
* The Devil is in the detail, The Hindu, 6 August. | व्यक्ति नहीं परिवार अहम, Amar Ujala, 3 August 2013.
* Don't crunch this lunch, Times of India, 21 July 2013. Hindi translation published in Dainik Jagran.
* Food Security is Affordable, Hindu Business Line, 14 April 2013.
* Lessons from the East Godavari Pilot, The Hindu, 11 April 2013.
* Cash for Vote, Frontline, Volume 30, No. 4, March 2013. | Malayalam translation, published in Mathrubhumi. | DBT par Sanshay, Hindi translation, published in Rashtriya Sahara, 24 February 2013
* Working Things Out, Hindustan Times, 20 February 2013.
* Is UID Linked Cash Transfer a Good Idea, Business Standard, 10 January 2013.
* Food Security Act: Should the Centre Emulate Chhattisgarh?, Hindu Business Line, 28 December 2012.
* Benefit Transfer or Vote Transfer, Deccan Herald, 16 December 2012.
* Long Road to Cash Transfers, Financial Express, 4 December 2012.
* खरा नहीं है नकद का सौदा, Amar Ujala, 28 November 2012.
* Tamil Nadu's Striking Progress in Welfare, India Together, 10 September 2012.
* A Bill that asks too much of the poor, The Hindu, 5 September 2012. With Jean Drèze.
* Putting Kerala to Work, The Hindu, 1 August.
* Experiments with Aadhaar, The Hindu, 27 June 2012, with Jean Drèze and Bharat Bhatti. | Response to the Minister's response, The Hindu, 4 July 2012, with Jean Drèze and Bharat Bhatti.
* Adhaar se Kiska Uddhar, Amar Ujala, 28 February 2012
* UID: Road to Exclusion?, The New Indian Express, 16 February 2012
* Ghere Se Bahar, Amar Ujala, 31 December 2011
* Lessons from Brazil, Frontline, 17–30 December 2011
* PDS Leakages: The Plot Thickens, The Hindu, 12 August 2011
* Signs of Revival, The Hindu, 12 June 2011.
* Going Against the Grain, Hindustan Times, 27 January 2011.
* Biscuits, Tehelka, Volume 7, Issue 52, December, 2010.
* Chhattisgarh Shows the Way, The Hindu, 14 November 2010. With Jean Drèze.
* Not all that Unique, Hindustan Times, 30 September 2010.
* Wages of Delay, Frontline, Volume 27.
* Slow but Steady Success, The Hindu, 25 April 2010. With Karuna Muthiah.
* Incentives that work, The Hindu, 10 May 2009. With Meera Samson and Anuradha De.
* Lok Adalat or Joke Adalat, The Hindu, 22 February 2009. With Jean Drèze.
* Pati Experience, Frontline, Volume 26, No. 1, 2009.
* Battle for Employment Guarantee, Frontline, Volume 26, No. 1, 2009. With Jean Drèze.
* Banned but still there, Frontline, Volume 26, No. 1, 2009. With Jean Drèze.
* Rajasthan Way Ahead, Frontline, Volume 26, No. 1, 2009. With Anish Vanaik.
* From accounts to accountability, The Hindu, 6 December 2008. With Jean Drèze
* The Black Hole of NREGA Records, Yojana, August, 2008.
* Glucose for the Lok Sabha?, Hindustan Times, April 2008. With Jean Drèze.
* Rajniti ko Badalti Rozgar Garanty, Hindustan, March 2008. With Jean Drèze.
* Corruption in NREGA: Myths and Reality, 22 January, The Hindu, 2008. With Jean Drèze and Siddhartha.
* Employment Guarantee and Migration, 18 July, The Hindu, 2006.
* India's Right to Food Campaign, Just Change, October 2005.
* Beasts in Uniform, Tehelka, 18 June 2005.
* Not everybody loves a good drought, The Hindu Magazine, 2 January. With Aruna Roy.
* Using your Illusions, Hindustan Times, 18 February 2004. With Jean Drèze.
* Mid-Day Meals in Rajasthan, The Hindu, 13 November 2002.
* Poverty of Policy, Scarcity of Will, The Times of India, 17 May 2001. With Jean Drèze.

=== Hindi Articles ===

Since 2020, Khera has been a fortnightly columnist for Dainik Bhaskar.

* बड़े व्यापारियों की कर्जमाफी, इंडस्ट्री को दी जाने वाली छूट क्या फ्रीबीज़ नहीं हैं?, Dainik Bhaskar, 24 August.
* यदि टीचर बच्चों को एक्स्ट्रा समय नहीं दे पाएं तो उनके स्कूल से ड्रॉप-आउट होने का डर, Dainik Bhaskar, 7 April.
* मेडिकल शिक्षा के बजट को बढ़ाने की जरूरत; पिछले दशक में यह बहुत निराशाजनक रहा है, Dainik Bhaskar, 24 March.
* जीवन की रेस में हम उम्मीद कर रहे हैं कि दुर्बल पैर वाले भी सलामत पैरवालों का मुकाबला करें, Dainik Bhaskar.
* देश में आर्थिक असमानता पर चिंता करने की जरूरत; 1% लोगों के हाथों में देश की एक तिहाई संपत्ति Dainik Bhaskar.
* आधार से जुड़ी पांच तरह की परेशानियां और उनके निराकरण के सुझाव, Dainik Bhaskar, January 2022.
* आधार को वोटर आईडी से जोड़ना सवालों में; ऐसे मामले में कभी भी ऐच्छिक जैसा कुछ नहीं होता!, Dainik Bhaskar, 24 December 2021.
* स्वस्थ भारत के लिए कई मुद्दों पर काम करना होगा ये एनएफएचएस-5 के आंकड़े चेतावनी हैं, Dainik Bhaskar, 10 December 2021.
* बच्चों की सुरक्षा सर्वोपरि, पर शिक्षा भी जरूरी; प्राथमिक स्कूलों का खुलना अब इसलिए आवश्यक, Dainik Bhaskar, 25 November 2021.
* एनीमिया से लड़ने के लिए सरकार अब राशन के चावल में आयरन मिलाएगी, Dainik Bhaskar, 11 November.
* लोकतंत्र गगनचुंबी विचार नहीं, जिंदगी का सार है; इतिहास में हुई चर्नोबिल परमाणु दुर्घटना में हमारे लिए कई सबक छिपे हैं, Dainik Bhaskar, 14 October.
* आधार की सीमाओं काे भुलाया जा रहा है, वोटर कार्ड को आधार से जोड़ने पर फायदा होगा या नुकसान>, Dainik Bhaskar, 30 September.
* कमजोर पृष्ठभूमि के बच्चों के लिए ऑनलाइन शिक्षा मिथक ही है, ऑनलाइन पढ़ाई में स्मार्टफोन की कमी, इंटरनेट पर खर्च जैसी कई बाधाएं हैं, Dainik Bhaskar, 16 September.
* विश्वविद्यालयों के रैंकिंग इंडेक्स उच्च शिक्षा के मकसद से धोखा हैं, विदेशी इंडेक्स में रैंकिंग को इतना महत्व क्यों, Dainik Bhaskar, 28 August.
* क्या भारत एक ‘डेटा ब्लैकहोल’ बनने के रास्ते पर बढ़ रहा है, The Wire Hindi, 14 August.
* प्राथमिक स्कूल आवश्यक सेवा हैं, इन्हें सबसे पहले खोलना जरूरी, छोटे बच्चों की शिक्षा न हो नजरअंदाज, Dainik Bhaskar, 6 August.
* निगरानी लोकतंत्र को दीमक की तरह खोखला कर देती है; हैकिंग निगरानी का यंत्र है, पारदर्शिता नहीं, Dainik Bhaskar, 22 July.
* प्रवासी मजदूरों पर उच्चतम न्यायालय का आदेश निराशाजनक है, आदेश से मजदूरों को नहीं मिलेगी असल राहत, Dainik Bhaskar, 8 July
* महिलाओं के स्वास्थ्य की चिंता, Prabhat Khabar, 16 July.
* दुनिया बिग डेटा के लिए पागल हम मूल आंकड़े ही नहीं जुटा पाते, सरकार महामारी के प्रकोप को कम आंक रही, Dainik Bhaskar, 24 June.
* दिल्ली में राशन की होम डिलीवरी योजना से भ्रष्टाचार बढ़ सकता है, आधार सत्यापन की वापसी राशन से वंचित करेगी, Dainik Bhaskar, 10 June.
* वैक्सीनेशन का फायदा तभी होगा, जब सभी वर्गों को टीका मिले, इसका इंतजाम करना सरकार की जिम्मेदारी", Dainik Bhaskar, 30 April 2021.
* फ्री वॉशिंग मशीन, फ्री चावल की सुर्खियों पर न जाएं, जानें कि तमिलनाडु में सियासी दलों के मेनिफेस्टो में वाकई में क्या है Dainik Bhaskar, 1 April 2021.
* खाद्य सुरक्षा के दायरे को कम करने की कोशिश, जबकि लॉकडाउन के दौरान बड़ी आबादी को इसी ने राहत दी, Dainik Bhaskar, 18 March 2021.
* देश के गांवों में 6% और शहरों में महज 25% लोगों के पास कंप्यूटर, ऐसे में ऑनलाइन लर्निंग कैसे कामयाब होगी?, Dainik Bhaskar, 5 March 2021.
* गरीबों के लिए कैंटीन की योजनाएं, नौटंकी या नेकनीयत? कई राज्यों में डिमांड के बावजूद फेल हुई योजना Dainik Bhaskar, 14 Feb, 2021.
* ऊंची-ऊंची बातें करने से किसी का स्वास्थ्य नहीं सुधरता, आगे चलकर लोगों को इसका खामियाजा भरना पड़ेगा Dainik Bhaskar, 4 Feb, 2021.
* क्या भारत एड्स के समय जैसी नैतिक भूमिका निभा सकता है? Dainik Bhaskar, Jan, 2021.
* स्वास्थ्य और पोषण: कोरोना के बाद मॉल और सिनेमाघर खुले, लेकिन आंगनबाड़ियां अब तक बंद हैं, Dainik Bhaskar, 24 December 2020.
* नए कानूनों से सुधार की बजाय, मंडी व्यवस्था के खत्म होने का डर है, Dainik Bhaskar, 10 December.
* क्या सरकार को मिड-डे मील योजना के लिए अक्षय-पात्र जैसी संस्थाओं की ज़रूरत है? The Wire Hindi, 30 November.
* सामाजिक और आर्थिक बदलाव, वास्तव में सुधार के लिए राजनीति आम जनता के हाथों में सबसे कारगर उपाय है, Dainik Bhaskar, 12 November.
* क्या हमारा लोकतंत्र पैसेवालों का लोकतंत्र होने की कगार पर है?, Dainik Bhaskar, 29 October.
* जो भारत हमें रोजमर्रा की जिंदगी में दिखता है या दिखाया जाता है, उसमें लगभग 80% लोग गायब हैं, Dainik Bhaskar, 14 October.
* हम कैसे मान लें कि निजी व्यापारी आढ़तियों की तरह व्यवहार नहीं करेंगे; एमएसपी पर अधिनियमों में सरकार की चुप्पी चिंता करने वाली है, Dainik Bhaskar, 25 September.
* देश की बड़ी आबादी को तालाबंदी ने बर्बादी की कगार पर पहुंचा दिया है, यदि हम वास्तव में देशप्रेमी हैं, तो इससे उबरने के लिए सक्षम वर्ग को कमर कसनी होगी, Dainik Bhaskar, 7 Sept.
* नीति बनाने वाले भूल गए हैं, स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं से भी जीडीपी बढ़ सकती है; अब 70 साल से चली आ रहीं गलतियों को सुधारने का मौका है, Dainik Bhaskar, 19 August.
* लोकतंत्र और सभ्य समाज में न्यायिक प्रक्रिया के वास्तव में चार उद्देश्य होने चाहिए- रोक, दंड, सुधार और पुनर्वास, Dainik Bhaskar, 15 July.
* देशभर की जेलों में कैदी के संक्रमित हो रहे, कोरोनाकाल में जेल में कैदियों की भीड़ खतरनाक साबित हो रही, Dainik Bhaskar, 25 June.
* वन नेशन वन राशन की घोषणा लोगों का दिल बहलाने के लिए और असली मुद्दे से ध्यान भटकाने के लिए बढ़िया उपाय है, Dainik Bhaskar, 11 June.
* स्वास्थ्य पर सरकारी खर्च ही नहीं व्यवस्था भी सुधरे, Dainik Bhaskar, 14 January.
* सूचना और निजता, दो अधिकारों की गाथा, Dainik Bhaskar, 30 November 2019.
* जिस तकनीक पर नोबेल मिला, उस पर कुछ सवाल, Dainik Bhaskar, 20 October 2019.
* मिड डे मील योजना भारत के लिए क्यों ज़रूरी है, BBC Hindi, 7 September 2019.
* पौष्टिकता बने पहली प्राथमिकता, भारत में हर तीसरा बच्चा कुपोषण का शिकार, Dainik Jagran, 1 September 2019.
* अनुच्छेद 370 का हटना : कश्मीर से मतलब कश्मीरियों से नहीं, Amar Ujala, 11 August 2019
* समाज रचना की अहम सीख है मिड-डे-मील, Dainik Bhaskar, 10 August 2019.
* सामाजिक सुरक्षा के नाम पर : हम किस परिवार में पैदा होते हैं, वह एक लॉटरी के समान है, Amar Ujala, 23 July 2019
* क्या सच में आधार सशक्तिकरण का हथियार है?, Dainik Bhaskar, 20 July 2019.
* कैसे करें न्याय?, Amar Ujala, 5 April 2019.
* आधार पर अभी भी सवाल, Outlook Hindi, 22 October 2018.
* गरीबों का राशन, Amar Ujala, 15 June.
* तमिलनाडु से क्यों नहीं सीखते, Amar Ujala, 18 March.
* िनजता दायरे में आधार, Amar Ujala, 16 May.
* हानिकर है आधार की अनिवार्यता, Prabhat Khabar, 11 May 2017.
* आधार को पैन कार्ड से जोड़ना कितना ख़तरनाक है?, BBC Hindi, 26 April 2017. Tamil.
* आधार - निजता और लोकतंत्र पर प्रहार, Navbharat, 9 April 2017.
* मिड-डे मिल में आधार अवैध Prabhat Khabar, 29 March 2017.
* मनरेगा में कैसे फूंकी जाए जान?, Rashtriya Sahara, 4 February 2017.
* यूबीआई कितना व्यावहारिक, Amar Ujala, 31 January 2017.
* एक अच्छी पहल की खामियां, Amar Ujala, 6 January 2017.

==Notes==

In November 2017, Khera filed a "[[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information]]" (RTI) request<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/uidai-refuses-to-disclose-details-on-money-spent-on-aadhaar-branding/308455|title=UIDAI Refuses To Disclose Details On Money Spent On Aadhaar Branding|work=Outlook|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> with the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to solicit public data on how much the agency spent to advertise and promote [[Aadhaar]], since the program started in 2009. UIDAI has not commented or responded to the RTI request.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ru-9_rfWUQ Interview with Reetika Khera]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101120151806/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2010/11/14/stories/2010111450010100.htm Column in The Hindu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100903180131/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/columnsothers/Not-all-that-unique/Article1-593541.aspx]
* [http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/truth-vs-hype/truth-vs-hype-who-is-afraid-of-unique-id/221741] at 17:45 mins
* [http://hss.iitd.ac.in/faculty/reetika-khera] IIT Delhi Webpage
* {{cite web|title=Most widely held works by Reetika Khera|url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2006217430/|publisher=[[WorldCat]]}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khera, Reetika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women economists]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi School of Economics alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]

Asannagari Jeevan Reddy

2026-03-22T07:26:48Z

Aaron: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =A. Jeevan Reddy
| image = Asannagari Jeevan Reddy.jpg
|caption = Jeevan Reddy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1976|3|7}}
| birth_place = Jankampet
| residence = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
[[Armoor]], India
| office1 = [[Telangana Legislative Assembly| Member of Legislative Assembly, Telangana]]
| term_start1 = 2 June 2014
| term_end1 = 3 December 2023
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
| predecessor1 =[[Aleti Annapurna Devi]]
| successor1 = [[Paidi Rakesh Reddy]]
| constituency1 = [[Armur Assembly constituency| Armur]]
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
| profession = Politician lawyer businessman social worker
| party = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| website =
}}

'''Asannagari Jeevan Reddy''' (born 7 March 1976) is an Indian politician and a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Armur (Assembly constituency)|Armur]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/e-nam-turned-nizamabad-yard-model-for-entire-nation/article23497158.ece|title=E-NAM turned Nizamabad yard model for entire nation|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 April 2018}}</ref> He won the [[2014 Indian general election]] on [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] ticket from Armur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS0111.htm|accessdate=17 May 2014}}</ref>

He was the Telangana Rashtra Samithi, 2014 Indian general election first declared MLA candidate on 13 May 2014, the auspicious day of Akshaya Tritiya for Armur. In the same election, Telangana Rashtra Samithi went on to win its highest number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of the newly formed state Telangana and thereby formed the government.
<ref>{{cite news|title=TRS to form first government in Telangana|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ls-election-trs-to-form-first-government-in-telangana/20140516.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/yoga-camp-concludes/article23516809.ece|title = Yoga camp concludes|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 12 April 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==
Jeevan Reddy was born in a middle-class agricultural family with political background in Jankampet village of [[Nizamabad district]] of Telangana to Venkat Rajanna, who was Village Upasarpanch (Congress). He graduated from [[Osmania University]] with L.L.B. He is also a member of the Bar Council of Nizamabad. His uncle, late Yalla Ramulu was M. P. P. in Armur, Nizamabad district (Congress).<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeevan Reddy Blogspot|date=3 July 2009|url=http://ashannagarijeevanreddy.blogspot.in/2009/07/ashannagari-jeevan-reddy-profile.html|accessdate=17 May 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Kcr announced 2014-05-30 22-30.jpeg|thumb|alt=Jeevan_Reddy_TRS|Jeevan Reddy being announced as [[Armur (Assembly constituency)|Armur]] MLA candidate by [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]] ]]
Jeevan Reddy was announced as the first [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] MLA Candidate for the [[2014 Indian general election]] from [[Armur (assembly constituency)|Armur]].
Jeevan Reddy won with a majority of around 13,000 votes over [[K. R. Suresh Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] and the party went on to form its first Government by winning 63 of the 119 seats under the leadership of [[Chief Minister of Telangana]] [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]] Garu.

He was a part of the five-member delegation to Singapore and Malaysia the first ever foreign visit of Hon'ble Chief Minister of Telangana Shri Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao Garu, Telangana Finance Minister [[Etela Rajender]] and few other MLAs. He also visited Kerala State, Tiruvanantpuram Mandal to study the organisational structure of ISO-certified [[gram panchayat]]s with [[K. T. Rama Rao]]. He has also taken an active part with the party leaders in Delhi during the Parliament Sessions of the introduction of the Telangana.

He is a well-known speaker on behalf of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi and has attended numerous debates and live discussions on almost every popular news channel to speak on behalf of the Telangana Government.

==Constituency development==
[[File:Jeevan Water Plant.jpg|thumb|alt=Jeevan_Reddy_TRS|Jeevan Reddy speaking at the inauguration of drinking water project at Armur by [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]] ]]
He is the first MLA in Telangana and among most Indian states to implement a 24/7 toll free number for the people of his constituency and he constantly keeps in touch with his people through various social networking media. In a short span of 3 months after coming to power he has started a prestigious drinking water project from Pochampadu to Armur as promised by him during his election campaign and was inaugurated by Honorable Chief Minister [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]]. He has also made the Government to sanction Rs 115 million dues to [[red soil|red]] [[jowar]] farmers which have been pending for more than a decade. Under his term, Armoor has been marked as a revenue division of Nizamabad district which also has been a long awaited demand for the people of his constituency.

Within a short span of six months after swearing in he has been responsible for a vast range of development programs in his constituency which include drinking water pipeline worth ₹4 billion inaugurated by Chief Minister of Telangana, Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao his first ever visit to any constituency after forming the Government and his first-ever project as a part of Telangana water grid scheme. Ironically he is also the first declared MLA candidate for the party and his constituency is the first to be visited after Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao Garu has become the [[Chief Minister of Telangana]] and he is also the part of KCR Garus first-ever foreign visit.

Separate community halls for the people of 13 different castes, two-wheelers to the fishermen, super fine rice midday meal to the hostel students, Loan waiver to 8,000 plus agriculture families, ration cards to 22,000 plus families, pension of ₹1000 to widows and ₹1500 to handicapped, 6 kg rice per person in a family for a subsidised price to white ration card holders, construction of CC roads of 300 km length.

Sanction of bridge above Godavari River connecting Nizamabad district's Nandipet Mandal of Armur with Adilabad district worth Rs. 900 million which is on demand for more than 4 decades now has been fulfilled by him. Sanction of Rs. 115 million due for more than a decade to red jowar farmers from previous governments, sanction of 100-bed hospital to Armur, encouraging establishment of several shopping malls and restaurants in his constituency as a part of urbanisation and so on.

Chief Minister of Telangana, Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao has visited [[Ankapur]] Village of Armur constituency, his first-ever visit to any village after forming the Government. Ankapur which is a model village for agriculture has several specialities like Country Chicken and has esteemed agriculture families growing Turmeric and Tobacco. He has made many significant contributions for the development of this village and make it useful to other villages by implementation of advanced techniques including usage of drones in vast stretches of agricultural land to study the nature of the soil and its fertility.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}}

==In the media==
Jeevan Reddy is popular in the media because of his frequent appearance in the media. He is a well known speaker and extensively takes part in News debates on almost all popular channels of Telangana like T News, V6 News, TV 9, TV 5, N TV, Sakshi TV, HMTV etc. He mostly appears in the early-morning shows between 7 am to 9 am.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Asannagari Jeevan}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:People from Nizamabad district]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]

Binni Krishnakumar

2026-03-22T00:40:36Z

Aaron: Added A Biography...

{{Infobox person
| name = Binni Krishnakumar
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|6|10}}
| birth_place = [[Thodupuzha]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = Singer
| parents =
| spouse = K. Krishnakumar
| honours = [[Kalaimamani]] from [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] from [[Government of Kerala]]
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| background = solo_singer, dancer, television personality
| genre = {{flat list|
* [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]
* [[Indian classical music]]
* [[playback singer|Playback singing]]
* [[Filmi]]
* [[Bharatanatyam]]
}}
| instrument = Vocals, [[Veena]]
| label =
| website =
}}
| years_active = 1987 – Present
| children = [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar|Sivaangi]]
}}

'''Binni Krishnakumar''' (born 10 June 1974) is an Indian [[Carnatic musician]], [[playback singer]], [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer and a [[television personality]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/Oct/09/i-am-lucky-to-be-a-follower-of-balamuralikrishna-sir-1882873.html|title='I am lucky to be a follower of Balamuralikrishna sir'|website=TheNewIndianExpress.com|date=9 October 2018}}</ref> Regarded as a prominent vocalist, she has performed at all major sabhas (music organisations) in India and has released over 100 classical albums. Besides, she has performed as a Bharatanatyam dancer across various arenas. She is the recipient of [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (2012)<ref>{{cite news |title=18 bag Sangeeta Nataka Akademi awards |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/feb/22/18-bag-sangeeta-nataka-akademi-awards-452828.html |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=22 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226182341/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2013/feb/22/18-bag-sangeeta-nataka-akademi-awards-452828.html |archive-date=26 February 2023}}</ref> and [[Kalaimamani]] award (2020) presented by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-govt-announces-kalaimamani-awards-for-2019-2020/article33885249.ece|title=T.N. govt. announces Kalaimamani awards for 2019, 2020|website=TheHindu.com|date=20 February 2021}}</ref>

Binni is also known for her work as a playback singer in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] cinema, particularly for her song, "[[Chandramukhi (2005 soundtrack)|Raa Raa]]" composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] for the 2005 film ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' for which she won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/raa-raa-gets-an-a-cappella-makeover-in-this-new-cover/articleshow/76649756.cms|title=Raa Raa gets an a cappella makeover in this new cover|website=TimesofIndia.com|date=27 June 2020}}</ref> She has featured in several television reality shows, both as a contestant and judge, such as ''[[Top Cooku Dupe Cooku]], [[Cooku with Comali]], [[Samayal Samayal with Venkatesh Bhat]], [[Top Singer (TV series)|Top Singer]]'' and ''[[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)|Super Singer]]''.

==Early life and background==
Binny was born to K. N. Ramachandran and Santha Ramachandran in [[Thodupuzha]], [[Kerala]]. She comes from a distinguished musical lineage and began learning Carnatic Music (Vocal) at the age of seven under Vidwan Thiruvizha Surendran. She has five siblings who are all pursuing their careers as music teachers. She received the National Talent Scholarship and came under the tutelage of [[Govindan Namboothiri|Thamarakkad Govindan Namboothiri]]. She pursued her B.A and M.A degrees in Music from the [[University of Kerala]]. During her post graduation, she was mentored by violinist [[B. Sasikumar]] and Prof. Neyyattinkara Mohanachandran at [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaievent.com/artist-view.php?artist_id=1473|title=Best Carnatic Music Events in Chennai|website=Chennaievent.com|accessdate=25 September 2025}}</ref>

Binny's earliest recognition came in 1989 when she bagged the "Kalaathilakam" title at the Kerala State Youth Festival Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://events.sulekha.com/binni-krishnakumar_tickets_artist_427|title=Binni Krishnakumar Event Tickets & Concerts Dates|website=Sulekhaevents.com|accessdate=25 September 2025}}</ref> She further pursued [[M. Phil]] in music at [[Kamaraj University]], [[Madurai]] and secured first grade. Binni is a B-High grade artist at the [[All India Radio]] and performs regularly during cultural and Government organized ceremonies.

==Career==
===Carnatic music===
Binny started her public concerts while she was pursuing her graduation at the Youth festivals organized by the university. She was conferred upon many honors and prizes post her performances. Post her marriage to Krishnakumar in 1999, the couple have been performing extensively across India and internationally, with concerts in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Singapore, among other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/and-quiet-flows-the-karamana-two-of-a-kind/article3968866.ece|title=And Quiet Flows The Karamana: Two of a kind|website=TheHindu.com|date=5 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/not-quite-classical/article6682682.ece|title=Not quite classical|website=TheHindu.com|date=11 December 2014}}</ref> The duo have performed together in more than 150 shows across various countries and consider themselves as disciples of eminent vocalist [[M. Balamuralikrishna]].

===Playback singing===
Binny's career as a playback singer began in 2004 with the song "Yamunayum" composed by [[M. Jayachandran]] for the Malayalam film ''[[Amrutham (film)|Amrutham]]''. However, she reached her popularity when [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] invited her to record "Raa Raa Sarasaku Raa Raa" for the film ''[[Chandramukhi]]'' (2005). The song was an immediate success and earned her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]].

She continued to collaborate with M. Jayachandran, [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Ouseppachan]] and Vidyasagar on several popular songs in films such as ''[[Boyy Friennd]]'' (2005), ''[[SMS (2008 film)|SMS]]'' (2008), ''[[Thozhi]]'' (2009), ''[[Thambi Vettothi Sundaram]]'' (2011) and ''[[Poraali|Sangharshana]]'' (2011). She has also recorded songs for films in other South Indian languages, including [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

==Personal life==
Binny is married to K. Krishnakumar who is a classical vocalist and a composer. They have two children and her daughter [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]] is an actress and playback singer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/from-65-kg-to-sivaangi-krishnakumar-shares-her-inspiring-weight-loss-journey-4828202.html |title='From 65 Kg to...': Sivaangi Krishnakumar Shares her Inspiring Weight Loss Journey |website=news18.com |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309074949/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/from-65-kg-to-sivaangi-krishnakumar-shares-her-inspiring-weight-loss-journey-4828202.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Binny has mentored as a [[Guru|musical Guru]] for younger playback singers, namely [[Swetha Mohan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2023/Apr/13/my-amma-is-my-idolsays-singer-shweta-mohan-48288.html|title='My Amma is my idol,' says singer Shweta Mohan|website=Indulgexpress.com|date=13 April 2023}}</ref> [[Gopika Poornima]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vemuri|first1=Radhakrishna|title=Open Heart with RK|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2oHgLpZ1jU|via=YouTube|publisher=ABN Andhra Jyothi|access-date=8 December 2016}}</ref> and [[Kalyani Nair]].

==Discography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Language
! Song title
! Music director
! Co-singer
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Amrutham (film)|Amrutham]]''
| [[Malayalam]]
| "Yamunayum"
| [[M. Jayachandran]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2005
| ''[[Chandramukhi]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| "Ra Ra Sarasaku"
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|-
| ''[[Bus Conductor (film)|Bus Conductor]]''
|rowspan="3"| Malayalam
| "Vaathaapi"
|rowspan="4"| M. Jayachandran
|
|-
| ''[[Boyy Friennd]]''
| "Ramzan Nilaavotha"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| ''[[Lokanathan IAS]]''
| "Manjaadikombilinnoru"
| [[K. K. Nishad]]
|-
| ''[[Albhutha Dweep|Arputha Theevu]]'' (D)
| rowspan="4" | Tamil
| "Oridatthil"
| Tippu
|-
| ''[[Aanai]]''
| "Azhagiya Darisanam"
| [[D. Imman]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Imsai Arasan 23rd Pulikecei]]''
| "Aah Aadivaa"
| [[Sabesh-Murali]]
| [[Manikka Vinayagam]], [[Saindhavi]], [[Vadivelu]], Kovai Kamala
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Thottal Poo Malarum]]''
| "Ennai Pidichha"
| [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| [[Haricharan (singer)|Haricharan]]
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2008
| ''Kovalam (Theeram)''
|rowspan="2"| Malayalam
| "Konchum Thinkale"
| Natesh Shankar
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
|-
| ''[[SMS (2008 film)|SMS]]''
| "Innale Muttathu Kinnaram"
| [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], Rakesh Brahmanandam, [[Vidhu Prathap]]
|-
| ''[[Nadigai]]''
| rowspan="5" | Tamil
| "Roja Malare"
| [[Babu Ganesh]]
| Mary George, Rajakumar
|-
| ''[[Mahesh, Saranya Matrum Palar]]''
| "Thajam Thajam"
| Vidyasagar
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Thozhi]]''
| "Isaiyin Meedhuthan"
| R. Shankar
| Madhu Balakrishnan
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2010
| ''[[Magizhchi]]''
| "Kanne Kaniyurangu"
| Vidyasagar
| Madhu Balakrishnan
|-
| ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]''
| "Ra Ra 2.0"
| [[Guru Kiran]]
| Tippu, [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2011
| ''[[Poraali|Sangharshana]]'' (D)
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| "Yevvaro Yevarithado"
| [[Sundar C. Babu]]
|
|-
| ''[[Kal Manja]]''
| [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| "Indhe Kano"
| [[Emil Mohammed]]
|
|-
| ''[[Thambi Vettothi Sundaram]]''
| Tamil
| "Netru Illai Illai"
| Vidyasagar
| Madhu Balakrishnan
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Ennum Eppozhum]]''
| rowspan="3" | Malayalam
| "Dhithiki Dhithiki"
| Vidyasagar
|
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2016
| ''Mazhaneer Thullikal''
| "Aaro Mooliya"
|rowspan="2"| [[Ouseppachan]]
|
|-
| ''[[Jalam (film)|Jalam]]''
| "Pakal Paathichaari"
|
|-
|}

===Albums===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|-
! Year
! Album title
! Language
! Song title
|-
| 2005
| ''Velli Malargal''
| rowspan="4" | Tamil
| "En Sontham"
|-
| 2007
| ''Ramayanam Kadhai Pattu''
| Various songs
|-
| 2008
| ''Thandayum Thayum''
| "Ezhisai Ragam"
|-
| 2009
| ''Enakkoru Aasai''
| "Nee Mattum Vendum"
|-
| 2010
| ''Varumo Nee''
| Malayalam
| "Muraleeganam"
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011
| ''Maaberum Narseithi''
|rowspan="2"| Tamil
| "Vaanum Mannum"
|-
| ''Thaayaga Vaa''
| "Aadhi Muthalva"
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2012
| ''Ranga Baro''
| Kannada
| Various songs
|-
| ''Nama Sravana Sukham''
| Malayalam
| "Bhaktajana Vatsale"
|-
| 2015
| ''Ananda Mazhai''
| Tamil
| "Azhagana Veenai"
|-
| 2018
| ''Avarkkoppam''
| Malayalam
| "Engottennillathe"
|-
| 2022
| ''Balamurali Pancharathnam''
| Telugu
| Various songs
|-
|}

===Television ===
Binny has appeared as a guest judge in various [[reality TV]] music talent shows such as ''[[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)|Super Singer]], [[Top Singer (TV series)|Top Singer]], [[Jaya Super Singer South India]], [[Start Music (TV series)|Start Music]], [[Super Singer Junior]]'', often aired on [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] TV channels. She has also appeared as a contestant and guest in several other shows such as ''[[Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (TV series)|Naanum Rowdy Dhaan]], [[Top Cooku Dupe Cooku]], [[Cooku with Comali]], [[Samayal Samayal with Venkatesh Bhat]]''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Serial name !! Music director !! Channel(s)
|-
| ''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]'' || [[Dhina]] || [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|}

==Titles, awards and other recognition==
Binny is a "Top Rank" graded artist of [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|Akashvani]] and All India Radio, Chennai. She won the [[Kalaimamani]] award from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] in 2020, along with her husband Krishnakumar. During her career, She has been bestowed with numerous other titles and won numerous other awards and prizes.

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! width=5%| Year
! style="width:40%;"| Honour
! style="width:40%;"| Honouring bestowed or presented by
! style="width:5%;"| Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1989
| style="text-align:center;" | Kalathilakam
| style="text-align:center;" | Kerala State Youth Festival Committee
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1992 & 1994
| style="text-align:center;" | First Prize in music
| style="text-align:center;" | Kerala University Youth Festivals
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="DN2002">{{cite news|author=Sarath Malalasekera|title=Online Edition of Daily News|publisher=The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd|date=24 August 2002|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2002/08/24/fea10.html|access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2000
| style="text-align:center;" | The Junior Fellowship
| style="text-align:center;" | Government of India (Cultural Department)
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2012
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Government of Kerala]]
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Awards 2012 announced |url=https://www.apnnews.com/kerala-sangeetha-nataka-akademi-awards-2012-announced/|work=APNNews.com|date=20 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2020
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Kalaimamani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Binni Krishnakumar}}
[[Category:Women Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Performers of Hindu music]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:People from Idukki district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Indian women musicologists]]
[[Category:Indian musicologists]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Singers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kerala academics]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Methyl isocyanate

2026-03-19T21:36:15Z

Aaron: slightly enhance information per sources

{{distinguish|Methyl isocyanide}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451299397
| ImageFile = Methyl isocyanate.svg
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Methyl isocyanate
| ImageFile1 = Methyl-isocyanate-3D-vdW.png
| ImageClass1 = bg-transparent
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageName1 = Methyl isocyanate
| PIN = Isocyanatomethane 
| OtherNames = Methyl carbylamine MIC
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 6290
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 624-83-9
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = C588JJ4BV9
| PubChem = 12228
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 11727
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 59059
| SMILES = O=C=NC
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI =1S/C2H3NO/c1-3-2-4/h1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HAMGRBXTJNITHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula =C2H3NO
| MolarMass = 57.051 g/mol
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = Sharp, pungent odor<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 0.9230 g/cm3 at 27 °C
| MeltingPtC = −45
| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name="hand">{{RubberBible87th}}</ref>
| BoilingPtC = 38.3–41
| BoilingPt_ref = <ref name="hand"/>
| Solubility = 10% (15°C)<ref name=PGCH/>
| VaporPressure = 57.7 [[kPa]]
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct =
| Coordination =
| MolShape =
| Dipole = 2.8 [[Debye|D]]
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −92.0 kJ·mol−1<ref name="hand"/>
| DeltaHc = -1127.5 kJ/mol<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lemoult |title=Sur les éthers isocyaniques et la chaleur de formation de l'acide cyanique liquide |lang=fr |trans-title=On Isocyanic Ethers and the Heat of Formation of Liquid Cyanic Acid |journal=Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences |date=1898 |volume=126 |page=43}}</ref>
| Entropy =
| HeatCapacity =
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| GHSPictograms = {{gHS skull and crossbones}} {{gHS health hazard}} {{gHS flame}} {{gHS corrosion}} {{GHS07}}
| HPhrases = {{h-phrases|225|300|311|315|317|318|330|334|335|361d}}
| PPhrases = {{p-phrases|201|202|210|233|240|241|242|243|260|261|264|270|271|272|280|281|284|285|301+310|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|304+341|305+351+338|308+313|310|312|320|321|322|330|332+313|333+313|342+311|361|362|363|370+378|403+233|403+235|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 3
| NFPA-S = W
| FlashPtC = −7
| AutoignitionPtC = 534
| ExploLimits = 5.3–26%<ref name="hand"/>
| IDLH = 3 ppm<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0423}}</ref>
| LC50 = 6.1 ppm (rat, 6 hr) 12.2 ppm (mouse, 6 hr) 5.4 ppm (guinea pig, 6 hr) 21 ppm (rat, 2 hr)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|624839|Methyl isocyanate}}</ref>
| LD50 = 120 mg/kg (oral, mouse) 51.5 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref name=IDLH/>
| REL = TWA 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m3) [skin]<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = TWA 0.02 ppm (0.05 mg/m3) [skin]<ref name=PGCH/>
}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmsu.edu/safety/programs/chem_safety/NFPA-ratingJ-R.htm |title=NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals |publisher=nmsu.edu |access-date=2021-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217040510/http://www.nmsu.edu/safety/programs/chem_safety/NFPA-ratingJ-R.htm |archive-date=2015-02-17}}</ref>
|Section9={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|[[Methyl isothiocyanate]]|[[Ethyl isocyanate]]|[[Propyl isocyanate]]|[[Butyl isocyanate]]|[[Pentyl isocyanate]]}}
}}
}}

'''Methyl isocyanate''' ('''MIC''') is an [[organic compound]] with the molecular formula CH3NCO. Synonyms are '''isocyanatomethane''' and '''methyl carbylamine'''. Methyl isocyanate is a chemical intermediate in the [[Hofmann rearrangement]] of [[acetamide]] and the production of [[carbamate]] [[pesticide]]s (such as [[carbaryl]], [[carbofuran]], [[methomyl]], and [[aldicarb]]). It has also been used in the production of [[rubber]]s and [[adhesive]]s. As an extremely [[toxic]] and irritating compound, it is very hazardous to human health. MIC was the principal toxicant involved in the [[Bhopal gas disaster]], which short-term killed 4,000–8,000 people and caused permanent injury and premature deaths to approximately 15,000–20,000.<ref name="irs">{{cite journal |vauthors=Broughton E |title=The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review |journal=Environmental Health |volume=4 |issue=1 |article-number=6 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15882472 |pmc=1142333 |bibcode=2005EnvHe...4....6B |doi=10.1186/1476-069X-4-6 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckerman I |title=Chemical Industry and Public Health — Bhopal as an example |journal=MPH |year=2001 |volume=2001 |issue=24 |publisher=Nordic School of Public Health |location=Göteborg, Sweden |issn=1104-5701 |url=http://www.lakareformiljon.org/images/stories/dokument/2009/bhopal_gas_disaster.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030030142/http://www.lakareformiljon.org/images/stories/dokument/2009/bhopal_gas_disaster.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Eckerman I |title=The Bhopal Saga - Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster |url=http://www.eckerman.nu/default.cfm?page=The%20Bhopal%20Saga |year=2004 |publisher=Universities Press |location=India |isbn=81-7371-515-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610212157/http://www.eckerman.nu/default.cfm?page=The%20Bhopal%20Saga |archive-date=2007-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://history1900s.about.com/od/1980s/qt/bhopal.htm |vauthors=Rosenberg J |publisher=About.com |title=At 1984 - Huge Poison Gas Leak in Bhopal, India |access-date=2008-07-10 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202051803/http://history1900s.about.com/od/1980s/qt/bhopal.htm |archive-date=2007-12-02}}</ref><ref name="Eckerman2013">{{cite book |vauthors=Eckerman I |chapter=Bhopal Gas Catastrophe 1984: Causes and Consequences |publisher=Elsevier |title=Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |pages=272–287 |year=2013 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.01903-5|isbn=978-0-12-409548-9}}</ref> It is also a very potent [[lachrymatory agent]].<ref name=Kimmerle />

== Physical properties ==
Methyl isocyanate is a colorless, poisonous, [[Lachrymatory agent|lachrymatory]] ([[Tears|tearing]] agent), flammable liquid.<ref name="Union Carbide 1967">Union Carbide Corporation "Methyl Isocyanate" Product Information Publication, F-41443, November 1967.</ref> It is soluble in water to 6–10 parts per 100 parts, but it also reacts with water (see [[#Reactions|Reactions]] below).

It has a refractive index of 1.363 with a wavelength of 589 nm at a temperature of 20 °C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kirilin |first1=Aleksei |last2=Belova |first2=Liya |last3=Pletneva |first3=Maria |title=New aspects of isocyanate synthesis with the use of O-silylurethanes |journal=Mendeleev Communications |date=January–February 2017 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=99–100 |doi=10.1016/j.mencom.2017.01.033}}</ref>

== Manufacture ==
Methyl isocyanate is usually manufactured by the reaction of [[Methylamine|monomethylamine]] and [[phosgene]]. For large-scale production it is advantageous to combine these reactants at higher temperature in the gas phase. A mixture of methyl isocyanate and two moles of [[hydrogen chloride]] is formed, but N-methylcarbamoyl chloride (MCC) forms as the mixture is condensed, leaving one [[Mole (unit)|mole]] of [[hydrogen chloride]] as a gas.

[[File:MMA plus Phosgene diagram.svg|class=skin-invert-image]]

The methyl isocyanate is obtained by treating the MCC with a [[tertiary amine]], such as [[dimethylaniline|''N'',''N''-dimethylaniline]], or with [[pyridine]],<ref>{{cite patent |country=US |number=2480088 |status=patent |inventor=Slocombe, R. J.; Hardy, E. E. |title=Process of Producing Carbamyl Chlorides |gdate=1949-08-23 |assign1=Monsanto}}</ref> or by separating it by using [[distillation]] techniques.<ref>{{cite patent |country=FR |number=1400863 |status=patent |inventor=Merz, W. |title=Procédé et dispositif de préparation d'isocyanates d'alkyle |assign1=Bayer |gdate=1965-05-28}}</ref>

[[File:MCC to MIC & HCl.svg|class=skin-invert-image]]

Methyl isocyanate is also manufactured from [[N-Methylformamide|''N''-methylformamide]] and air. In the latter process, it is immediately consumed in a closed-loop process to make [[methomyl]].<ref>Chemical Week, ''"A fleeting existence for toxic-gas molecules"'' p. 9, 12 June 1985.</ref> Other manufacturing methods have been reported.<ref>{{cite patent |country=DE |number=2828259 |status=patent |inventor=Giesselmann, G.; Guenther, K.; Fuenten, W. |title=Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methyl Isocyanate |gdate=1980-01-10 |assign1=Degussa}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Chemical Week |year=1985 |title=A safer method for making carbamates |page=136 |volume=1985b |issue=20}}</ref>

== Reactions ==
Methyl isocyanate reacts readily with many substances that contain N-H or O-H groups. With water, it forms [[1,3-dimethylurea]] and [[carbon dioxide]] with the evolution of heat (1358.5 joules, or 325 calories, per gram of MIC): It is relatively slow to react at below 20 °C (68 °F), but will increase its rate with elevated temperatures or in the presence of acid or base.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manilla |title=Methyl isocyanate: Risk assessment, environmental, and health hazard |journal=Hazardous Gases Risk Assessment on the Environment and Human Health |date=2021 |pages=251–261}}</ref>

[[File:MIC & water to DMU & TMB.png|class=skin-invert-image]]

At 25 °C (77 °F), in excess water, half of the MIC is consumed in 9 min.;<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Castro EA, Moodie RB, Sansom PJ |title=The kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl and phenyl isocyanates |journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2 |year=1985 |volume=1985 |issue=5 |pages=737–742 |doi=10.1039/P29850000737}}</ref> if the heat is not efficiently removed from the reacting mixture, the rate of the reaction will increase and rapidly cause the MIC to boil. Such a reaction triggered the [[Bhopal disaster]] after a large amount of water was introduced to a MIC storage tank. The consequence of the out of control [[Exothermic reaction|exothermic process]] was a [[runaway reaction]] and the direct release of 42 tons of MIC to the atmosphere.

If MIC is in excess, [[Biuret|1,3,5-trimethylbiuret]] is formed along with [[carbon dioxide]].<ref name="Union Carbide 1967" /> [[Alcohols]] and [[phenols]], which contain an O-H group, react slowly with MIC, but the reaction can be catalyzed by trialkylamines or dialkyltin dicarboxylate. [[Oxime]]s, [[hydroxylamine]]s, and [[enol]]s also react with MIC to form methylcarbamates.<ref name="Union Carbide 1967" /> These reactions produce the products described below ([[#Uses|Uses]]).

[[File:MIC plus 1-naphthol to carbaryl.svg|class=skin-invert-image]]

[[Ammonia]], primary, and secondary [[amine]]s rapidly react with MIC to form substituted [[urea]]s. Other N-H compounds, such as amides and [[urea]]s, react much more slowly with MIC.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=March J |title=Advanced Organic Chemistry |edition=3rd |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=New York |year=1985 |page=802}}</ref>

It also reacts with itself to form a trimer or higher-molecular-weight polymers. In the presence of [[catalysts]], MIC reacts with itself to form a solid trimer, trimethyl isocyanurate, or a higher-molecular-weight polymer:

[[File:MIC to trimer.svg|class=skin-invert-image]]

[[Alkoxide|Sodium methoxide]], [[Phosphine|triethyl phosphine]], [[ferric chloride]] and certain other metal compounds catalyze the formation of the MIC-trimer, while the high-molecular-weight polymer formation is catalyzed by certain trialkylamines. Since the formation of the MIC trimer is [[exothermic]] (1246 joules, or 298 calories, per gram of MIC), the reaction can lead to violent boiling of the MIC. The high-molecular-weight polymer hydrolyzes in hot water to form the trimethyl [[Cyanuric acid|isocyanurate]]. Since [[Catalysis|catalytic]] metal salts can be formed from impurities in commercial grade MIC and steel, this product must not be stored in steel drums or tanks.<ref name="Union Carbide 1967" />

== Toxicity ==
Methyl isocyanate is extremely [[toxic]]. There is no known [[antidote]]. The threshold limit value set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists is 0.02 [[Parts per million|ppm]]. MIC is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and contact in quantities as low as 0.4 [[Parts per million|ppm]]. Exposure symptoms include coughing, [[chest]] pain, [[dyspnea]], [[asthma]], irritation of the [[Human eye|eye]]s, [[human nose|nose]] and [[throat]], as well as [[skin]] damage. Higher levels of exposure, over 21 ppm, can result in pulmonary or lung [[edema]], [[emphysema]] and [[hemorrhage]]s, bronchial [[pneumonia]] and [[death]]. Although the odor of methyl isocyanate cannot be detected at 5 ppm by most people, its potent [[Lachrymatory agent|lachrymal]] properties provide an excellent warning of its presence (at a concentration of 2–4 parts per million (ppm) subjected to eyes are irritated, while at 21 ppm, subjects could not tolerate the presence of methyl isocyanate in air).<ref name=Kimmerle>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimmerle G, Eben A |title=Zur Toxizität von Methylisocyanat und dessen quantitativer Bestimmung in der Luft |journal=Archiv für Toxikologie |year=1964 |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=235–241 |s2cid=21422558 |doi=10.1007/bf00577897|bibcode=1964ArTox..20..235K }}</ref> The irritant effects of methyl isocyanate are mediated by the irritant and tear gas receptor [[TRPA1]] in pain-sensing nerve endings in the eye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bessac |first1=Bret F. |last2=Sivula |first2=Michael |last3=Hehn |first3=Christian A. |last4=Caceres |first4=Ana I. |last5=Escalera |first5=Jasmine |last6=Jordt |first6=Sven-Eric |date=2009-04-01 |title=Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonists block the noxious effects of toxic industrial isocyanates and tear gases |journal=The FASEB Journal |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=1102–1114 |doi=10.1096/fj.08-117812 |doi-access=free |issn=0892-6638 |pmc=2660642 |pmid=19036859}}</ref>

Proper care must be taken to store methyl isocyanate because of its ease of exothermically polymerizing (see [[#Reactions|Reactions]]) and its similar sensitivity to water. Only [[stainless steel]] or [[glass]] containers may be safely used; the MIC must be stored at temperatures below {{convert|40|°C}} and preferably at {{convert|4|°C}}.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}

The toxic effect of the compound was apparent in the 1984 [[Bhopal disaster]], when around {{convert|42000|kg}} of methyl isocyanate and other gases were released from the underground reservoirs of the [[Union Carbide India Limited]] (UCIL) factory, over a populated area on 3 December 1984, killing about 3,500 people immediately, 8,000 people in the first 48 hours and 15,000 more over the next several years. 200,000 people had lasting health effects from the disaster.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Varma |first1=Daya |last2=Mulay |first2=Shree |title=Methyl Isocyanate: The Bhopal Gas |journal=Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents |date=2015 |pages=287–299 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-800159-2.00022-1}}</ref><ref name="convictions">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8725140.stm |title=Bhopal trial: Eight convicted over India gas disaster |date=7 June 2010 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=7 June 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607185745/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8725140.stm |archive-date=7 June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During structural fires, natural materials can contribute to releasing isocyanates including methyl isocyanate.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Naldzhiev |first1=Dzhordzhio |last2=Mumovic |first2=Dejan |last3=Strlic |first3=Matija |title=Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality |journal=Building and Environment |date=February 2020 |volume=169 |article-number=106559 |doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106559 |bibcode=2020BuEnv.16906559N }}</ref>

=== Mechanism of action ===
Until recent decades, the mechanism of methyl isocyanate toxicity in humans was largely unknown or unclear.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehta PS, Mehta AS, Mehta SJ, Makhijani AB |title=Bhopal tragedy's health effects. A review of methyl isocyanate toxicity |journal=JAMA |volume=264 |issue=21 |pages=2781–2787 |date=December 1990 |pmid=2232065 |doi=10.1001/jama.1990.03450210081037}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Varma DR |title=Epidemiological and experimental studies on the effects of methyl isocyanate on the course of pregnancy |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=72 |pages=153–157 |date=June 1987 |pmid=3622430 |pmc=1474644 |doi=10.1289/ehp.8772153 |bibcode=1987EnvHP..72..153V }}</ref> Methyl isocyanate and other [[isocyanate]]s are [[electrophile]]s and are currently thought to cause toxicity by the [[alkylation]] of biomolecules.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bessac |first1=B.F. |last2=Jordt |first2=S.-E. |date=2010-07-01 |title=Sensory Detection and Responses to Toxic Gases: Mechanisms, Health Effects, and Countermeasures |journal=Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=269–277 |pmid=20601631 |pmc=3136963 |issn=1546-3222 |doi=10.1513/pats.201001-004sm}}</ref> The mechanism of methyl isocyanate was previously suspected to be the [[carbamylation]] of [[hemoglobin]], thus interfering with its oxygen-binding capability and causing [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]]. However, experiments showed that when [[rat]]s and [[guinea pig]]s were exposed to methyl isocyanate at [[concentration]]s above the [[Median lethal dose|median lethal concentration]] ([[Median lethal dose|LC50]], the concentration sufficient to kill 50% of the tested population), only 2% of hemoglobin molecules were carbamylated, suggesting that this is probably not the mechanism of toxicity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Varma |first1=Daya R.|last2=Guest |first2=Ian |date=1993 |title=The Bhopal accident and methyl isocyanate toxicity |journal=Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=513–529 |pmid=8277516 |bibcode=1993JTEH...40..513V |issn=0098-4108 |doi=10.1080/15287399309531816}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ramachandran |first1=P.K. |last2=Gandhe |first2=B.R. |last3=Venkateswaran |first3=K.S. |last4=Kaushik |first4=M.P. |last5=Vijayaraghavan |first5=R. |last6=Agarwal |first6=G.S. |last7=Gopalan |first7=N. |last8=Suryanarayana |first8=M.V.S. |last9=Shinde |first9=S.K. |last10=Sriramachari |first10=S. |date=1988 |title=Gas chromatographic studies of the carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate in rats and rabbits |journal=Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications |volume=426 |issue=2 |pages=239–247 |pmid=3392138 |issn=0378-4347 |doi=10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81952-0}}</ref>

== Extraterrestrial occurrence ==
[[File:ALMA detects methyl isocyanate around young Sun-like stars.jpg|thumb|A photographic montage of methyl isocyanate around young Sun-like stars, as detected by the [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array|ALMA]] [[interferometer]] (northern [[Chile]]).<ref name="ALMA" />]]
On 30 July 2015, scientists reported that upon the first touchdown of the ''[[Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]]'' lander on [[comet]] [[67/P]]{{'s}} surface, measurements by the [[Philae (spacecraft)#Instruments|COSAC and Ptolemy instruments]] revealed sixteen [[organic compound]]s, four of which were seen for the first time on a [[comet]], including [[acetamide]], [[acetone]], methyl isocyanate and [[propionaldehyde]].<ref name="wapo20150730">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/philae-probe-finds-evidence-that-comets-can-be-cosmic-labs/2015/07/30/63a2fc0e-36e5-11e5-ab7b-6416d97c73c2_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223235109/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/philae-probe-finds-evidence-that-comets-can-be-cosmic-labs/2015/07/30/63a2fc0e-36e5-11e5-ab7b-6416d97c73c2_story.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2018 |title=Philae probe finds evidence that comets can be cosmic labs |newspaper=The Washington Post |agency=Associated Press |vauthors=Jordans F |date=30 July 2015 |access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="esa20150730">{{cite web |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Rosetta/Science_on_the_surface_of_a_comet|title=Science on the Surface of a Comet |publisher=European Space Agency |date=30 July 2015 |access-date=30 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802005802/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Science_on_the_surface_of_a_comet |archive-date=2 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="SCI-20150731">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bibring JP, Taylor MG, Alexander C, Auster U, Biele J, Finzi AE, Goesmann F, Klingelhoefer G, Kofman W, Mottola S, Seidensticker KJ, Spohn T, Wright I |display-authors=6 |title=Philae's first look. Philae's First Days on the Comet. Introduction |journal=Science |volume=349 |issue=6247 |pages=493 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26228139 |bibcode=2015Sci...349..493B |doi=10.1126/science.aac5116 |doi-access=free |url=https://elib.dlr.de/97953/1/Science-2015-Bibring-493.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2024 |access-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113173750/https://elib.dlr.de/97953/1/Science-2015-Bibring-493.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2017, two teams of astronomers using the [[Atacama Large Millimeter Array]] (ALMA) [[interferometer]] made of 66 radio telescopes in the [[Atacama Desert]] (northern [[Chile]]) have discovered the presence of MIC around young Sun-like stars.<ref name="ALMA">{{cite web |title=ALMA Finds Ingredient of Life Around Infant Sun-like Stars |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1718/ |website=www.eso.org |access-date=8 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608143057/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1718/ |archive-date=8 June 2017}}</ref>

MIC is considered a [[Prebiotic (chemistry)|prebiotic molecule]] as explained by the discoverers of the ALMA findings in [[IRAS 16293-2422]], a multiple system of very young stars: "This family of organic molecules is involved in the synthesis of [[peptide]]s and [[amino acid]]s, which, in the form of [[protein]]s, are the biological basis for life as we know it".<ref name="ALMA" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/isocyanates/ NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Isocyanates], from the website of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
* [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet/index.html U.S. National Library of Medicine: Hazardous Substances Databank – Methyl isocyanate]

{{Chemical agents}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Isocyanates]]
[[Category:Monomers]]
[[Category:Bhopal disaster]]
[[Category:Pulmonary agents]]
[[Category:Lachrymatory agents]]
[[Category:Prebiotic chemistry]]
[[Category:Methyl compounds]]

Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

2026-03-19T13:32:44Z

Aaron: info

{{Short description|University in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}{{multiple issues|
{{Cleanup higher education|date=April 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
| image_name = Ramaiah_University_of_Applied_Sciences.png
| established = 2013
| motto = Education with Devotion (Bhakthi) is a process of Perfection for larger good
| city = [[Bengaluru]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| type = [[Private University]]
| chancellor = M. R. Jayaram
| vice_chancellor = Kuldeep Kumar Raina
| colors = {{color box|#992361}} {{color box|#E34A21}} {{color box|#361C6A}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.msruas.ac.in}}
{{URL|https://ramaiah.university}}
}}

[[File:M.S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences]]
'''M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences''' ('''MSRUAS'''), also known as RUAS, is a private university in [[Bangalore]], India. It was created by an act in the State of [[Karnataka, India]] and was established in December 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/alluniversity.pdf|title=Untitled Page|website=ugc.ac.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msruas.ac.in/pdf_files/University/uni_act13.pdf |title=Info |website=msruas.ac.in }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msruas.ac.in/pdf_files/University/msruas_notification.pdf |title=Notification |website=msruas.ac.in }}</ref>

The university is sponsored by Gokula Education Foundation (Medical) trust. The university was created by integrating M.S. Ramaiah College of Hotel Management (1993), M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy (1992), M.S. Ramaiah Dental College (1991), [[M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies|M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies]] (1999) and the M.S. Ramaiah Advanced Learning Centre (2012). The campuses of the university are located at Mathikere and Peenya, [[Bengaluru]], India.

== Organization and administration ==
===Governance===
The university is governed by the Hon'ble Chancellor of the university Dr. M. R. Jayaram and Hon'ble Vice-Chancellor of the university is Prof. Kuldeep Kumar Raina.
The university houses various faculties leading to award of degrees in undergraduate B.Tech., BCA, B.Des., B.Com., BHM, B.Pharm, Pharm.D., BBA, B.Sc. (Hons), B.A. LL.B.(Hons.), B.Sc.LL.B.(Hons.) in Cyber Security, LL.B. BPT, B.Sc. Nursing, Post B.Sc. Nursing, BDS and B.Voc. Degree. Post graduate MTech, M.Des., MBA., MHA, MPT, M.Sc. Nursing, M.Pharm., MDS., MSc, M.A. in Public Policy, MPH, LL.M.(Alternative Dispute Resolution), LL.M.(Artificial Intelligence & Cyber Security). Doctoral programs (PhD).

===Faculties and Schools===
The different faculties under the university are:
* Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET)
* Faculty of Management and Commerce (FMC)
* Faculty of Hospitality Management and Catering Technology (FHMCT)
* Faculty of Dental Sciences (FDS)
* Faculty of Pharmacy (FP)
* Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences (FLAHS)
* Faculty of Art and Design (FAD)
* Faculty of Mathematical & Physical Sciences (FMPS)
* School of Social Sciences
* School of Law
* Ramaiah Medical College
* Ramaiah Institute Of Nursing Education and Research
* Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy

==Academics==
=== Admissions ===

Admission is specific to the academic program. Examples of accepted admission tests are CET, Uni-GAUGE, COMED-K, and RUAS-AT

=== Academic Programmes ===
The university offers academic programmes through its faculties. The Academic programmes of the university are

* Undergraduate programme leading to B.Tech., BCA, B.Des., B.Com., BHM, B.Pharm, Pharm.D., BBA, B.Sc. (Hons), B.A. LL.B.(Hons.), B.Sc. LL.B.(Hons.) in Cyber Security, LL.B., BPT, B.Sc. Nursing, Post B.Sc. Nursing, BDS and B.Voc. degree with various specialisations.
* Postgraduate Programme leading to MTech, M.Des., MBA., MCA, MHA, MPT, M.Sc. Nursing, M.Pharm., MDS., MSc, M.A. in Public Policy, MPH, LL.M.(Alternative Dispute Resolution), LL.M.(Artificial Intelligence & Cyber Security, MD.
* Doctoral programs leading PhD

===Rankings===
The university has been rated as a "Four Star" University under New University Category of Karnataka State University Rating Framework (KSURF).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msruas.ac.in/pdf_files/News/2017/KSURF%20Certificate.pdf |title=News |date=2017 |website=msruas.ac.in }}</ref> Under the KSURF ranking, RUAS remains as the only University to achieve "Five Stars" for innovation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rusa.co.in/pdf/KSURF.pdf |title=Info |website=rusa.co.in }}</ref>

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) ranked the University 16th among dental colleges in India in 2024 and 68th in Pharmacy category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>{{Infobox India university ranking|NIRF_P_2024=68|NIRF_D_2024=16}}

== Research ==

=== Doctoral Research ===
The Doctoral Research Programme leads to PhD degree of the university. The doctoral programme is offered under following faculties
* Doctor of Philosophy in Dental Sciences
* Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Technology
* Doctor of Philosophy in Art and Design
* Doctor of Philosophy in Management and Commerce
* Doctor of Philosophy in Physiotherapy
* Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Sciences
* Doctor of Philosophy in Hospitality Management and Catering Technology
* Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy
* Doctor in Philosophy in Life and Allied Health Sciences
* Doctor in Philosophy in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics
* Doctor of Philosophy in Social Sciences
* Doctor in Philosophy in Law

=== Sponsored Research ===
The university with National and International organisations in government, public and private sector would like to undertake research and generate knowledge for the benefit of the Society. The research themes are:
* Energy & Environment
* Energy Conversion Systems
* Signals & Systems
* Embedded Systems
* Control Systems
* Materials and Manufacturing
* Bio Mechanics & Bio Medical Systems
* Structural Mechanics
* Microelectronics, MEMS and Nano Technology
* Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Development and Drug Delivery
* Dentistry
* Industrial and Business Management

=== Techno Centre ===
The Techno Centre undertakes following activities
* Provide solutions to Engineering and Health Sciences related requirements from Industry
* Design and Develop Products of relevance in Engineering and Health Sciences
* Provide Testing and Validation services to Industry
* Undertake Commercialization of Technology Products
* Incubate Technology Business
* Support Technology Business

=== Transferable Skills and Leadership Development Centre ===
The Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences considers that it is essential and important to train students on transferable skills, managerial skill and leadership skills in addition to providing Education and Practical Skills with global standards in their chosen area of domain to make them successful in their chosen career. The Centre for Transferable Skills and Leadership Development trains students on
* Transferable Skills
* Managerial Skills
* Leadership Skills
In addition to that the centre conducts training to prepare students for Competitive Exams
* Modules for Undergraduate Programs
* Modules for Postgraduate and Research Scholars
* Training for Competitive exams
* Modules for Leadership Development

== See also ==
* [[M. S. Ramaiah]]
* [[List of educational institutions in Bangalore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|http://www.msruas.ac.in/}}
{{Portal bar|India|Education}}
{{Universities in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Business schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in India]]

Nalini Parthasarathi

2026-03-15T02:43:53Z

Aaron: Made a bio...

{{Short description|Indian physician and social activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nalini Parthasarathi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Telangana]], India
| education =
| occupation = [[Paediatrician]] [[Social activist]] Founder of the Haemophilia Society, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| years_active =
| known_for = Helping [[hemophilia]] patients and contribution to [[medical education]], [[Health care|healthcare]] and [[child welfare]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2023)
}}

'''Nalini Parthasarathi''' is an Indian physician, paediatrician and social activist from [[Telangana]].

== Career ==
She was a former professor of pediatrics at the [[Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research]] (JIPMER) in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], India. She founded the Haemophilia Society, Puducherry, which has helped [[Haemophilia|hemophilia]] patients in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and neighboring districts of [[Telangana]] areas for over 30 years. She has raised awareness of hemophilia and has worked for the rehabilitation of children with disabilities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghuram |first1=Aruna |title=Meet Dr Nalini Parthasarathi, A Beacon Of Hope For People With Hemophilia |url=https://www.womensweb.in/2024/04/beacon-of-hope-for-people-with-hemophilia/ |publisher=Womensweb |date=April 15, 2024 |archive-date=November 7, 2024 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107072845/https://www.womensweb.in/2024/04/beacon-of-hope-for-people-with-hemophilia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=newindianexpress/>

In 2023, she received the [[Padma Shri]], India's third highest civilian honor for her work in treating [[hemophilia]] and improving the health of affected children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-01-26 |title=Singer, snake catchers, doctor among six Padma Shri awardees from TN |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/Jan/26/singer-snake-catchers-doctor-among-six-padma-shri-awardees-from-tn-2541456.html |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> After ten years at [[JIPMER]], Parthasarathi chose to retire to focus on hemophilia care. She established a Hemophilia Health Centre in Thattanchavady, supported by the state government and [[Indian Oil Corporation]]. This center currently assists about 300 patients with hemophilia.<ref name=newindianexpress>{{cite news |title=Fight against haemophilia earns Puducherry doctor Padma podium |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2023/Jan/27/fight-against-haemophilia-earns-puducherry-doctor-padma-podium-2541759.html |publisher=[[New Indian Express]] |date=January 27, 2023}}</ref>

== Awards ==
* She was awarded the Padma Shri in 2023 for her contributions to the field of medicine.<ref>{{cite news |title=War veteran doctor, snake catchers, 'Rasna' creator among Padma awardees |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/war-veteran-doctor-snake-catchers-rasna-creator-among-padma-awardees-1184882.html |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=January 26, 2023}}</ref>
* She received the Shakuntala Shakti National Award from [[Tagore Government College of Arts and Science|Tagore Government Arts and Science College]] in collaboration with the Divey Foundation, [[New Delhi]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Padma awardee Nalini Parthasarathy and 2 others get Shakuntala Shakti National Awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/padma-awardee-nalini-parthasarathy-and-2-others-get-shakuntala-shakti-national-awards/article67269959.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=September 4, 2023}}</ref>
* In 2023, she was honored with the ‘For the Sake of Honour’ award by the [[Rotary Club]] of Pondicherry Midtown.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nalini Parthasarthy gets Rotary award |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/nalini-parthasarthy-gets-rotary-award/article66725005.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=April 11, 2023}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parthasarathi, Nalini}}
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian paediatricians]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Telangana]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Sutlej

2026-03-14T06:42:22Z

Aaron: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|River in Asia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Sutlej
| name_other =
| name_etymology = 
| image = A view of Sutlej river Himachal Pradesh India 2014.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = View of Sutlej River
| mapframe = yes
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[China]], [[India]], [[Pakistan]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab (India)]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab (Pakistan)]]
| subdivision_type3 = Cities
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]], [[Rupnagar]], [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Vehari]], [[Jallah Jeem]], [[Bahawalpur]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 = 
| length_km = 1,450
| length_ref = approx.
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location = [[Ropar]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Sutlej valley| publisher = The Free Dictionary
| url = http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Sutlej+valley}}</ref>
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max = 
| source1 = Manasarovar-Rakas Lakes
| source1_location = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], China
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|30|21|52.1|N|81|59|39.9|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|4,575|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = Confluence with [[Chenab River|Chenab]] to form the [[Panjnad River]]
| mouth_location = Near [[Khairpur, Punjab|Khairpur]], [[Bahawalpur district]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|29|23|23|N|71|3|42|E|type:river_region:PK-PB|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|102|m|abbr=on}}
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size_km2 = 395,000
| basin_size_ref = approx.
| tributaries_left = [[Baspa River|Baspa]]
| tributaries_right = [[Spiti River|Spiti]], [[Beas River|Beas]], [[Chenab River|Chenab]]
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
| discharge2_location = [[Panjnad River|Panjnad]], Confluence of [[Chenab River|Chenab]] (71 km upstream of mouth)
| discharge2_avg = {{convert|2,946.66|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-asia/itemlist/category/828-sutlej|title=Rivers Network|year=2020|access-date=10 March 2022|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808092337/https://www.riversnetwork.org/rbo/index.php/river-blogs/central-asia/itemlist/category/828-sutlej|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{convert|63.613|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}
}}

The '''Sutlej River'''{{efn|{{IPA|pa|sət̪ᵊˈlʊd͡ʒᵊ}}}} or the '''Satluj River''' is a major river in [[Asia]], flowing through [[China]], [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], and is the longest of the five major rivers of the [[Punjab]] region. It is also known as ''Satadru'';<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 17, Part 1|last1=Asiatic Society of Bengal|year=1848|page=210, paragraph two|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tes2AQAAMAAJ&q=satadree&pg=PA210}}</ref> and is the easternmost [[tributary]] of the [[Indus River]]. The combination of the Sutlej and [[Chenab River|Chenab]] rivers in the plains of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] forms the [[Panjnad River|Panjnad]], which finally flows into the Indus River at [[Mithankot]].

In India, the [[Bhakra Dam]] is built around the river Sutlej to provide irrigation and other facilities to the states of Punjab, [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]].

The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under the [[Indus Waters Treaty]] between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India like the [[Sirhind Canal]], Bhakra Main Line and the [[Rajasthan canal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wrmin.nic.in/responsibility/bbmb.htm |title= Bhakra Beas Management Board|website=wrmin.nic.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831094205/http://wrmin.nic.in/responsibility/bbmb.htm |archive-date=31 August 2005}}</ref> The mean annual flow is 14 million acre feet (MAF) (roughly 1.727&nbsp;×&nbsp;1013&nbsp;L) upstream of [[Sirhind Canal|Ropar barrage]], downstream of the Bhakra dam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cwc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Ravi-%20Beas%20Waters%20Tribunal%20Report%201987.pdf|access-date=15 February 2020|publisher=Central Water Commission|title= Page 290, The Ravi- Beas Water Tribunal Report (1987)}}</ref> It has several major hydroelectric points, including the 1,325&nbsp;[[Watt#Megawatt|MW]] [[Bhakra Dam]], the 1,000&nbsp;MW [[Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant]], and the 1,500&nbsp;MW [[Nathpa Jhakri Dam]].<ref name=projd1>{{cite web|url=http://www.power-technology.com/projects/nathpa |title= Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power Project, India|publisher=power-technology.com|access-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}} The [[drainage basin]] in India includes the states and union territories of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Ladakh and Haryana.<ref name="WRIS Lower Sutlej">{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/WatershedSubbasinAtlas/12.%20Satluj%20Lower.pdf |title= Lower Sutlej basin area|access-date=14 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904011312/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/WatershedSubbasinAtlas/12.%20Satluj%20Lower.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="WRIS geo-visualization">{{cite news |title=WRIS geo-visualization map |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/GeoVisualization.html?UType=R2VuZXJhbA==?UName= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613130618/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/GeoVisualization.html?UType=R2VuZXJhbA==?UName= |archive-date=13 June 2017 |access-date=17 January 2017}}</ref>

== Background ==

=== Etymology ===

Earlier the river was also called Shutudri or Zaradros river,<ref name=satrd1/> a name which was mentioned in the [[Hindu texts]]. Shutudri was its Sanskrit name.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Sharad K. |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |last2=Agarwal |first2=Pushpendra K. |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay P. |date=May 16, 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402051807 |pages=484–486}}</ref> In the Chaitra-Ratha Parva of [[Adi Parva]] of [[Mahābhārata]], when sage [[Vasishtha]] wanted to commit suicide he saw the river named Haimāvata (whose source is Himavat), flooded and full of crocodiles and other aquatic monsters. So he jumped into the river. The river thinking that Vasishtha was a mass of unquenchable fire dilated itself and flew in a hundred different directions. Henceforth the river was named śatadra (or śatadru) which means the river of a hundred courses. So, Vasishtha landed on dry land and was unharmed.<ref>Pratap Chandra Roy's Mahabharata Adi Parva, Chaitra-Ratha Parva Page:509</ref>

===History===
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2015}}
The Upper Sutlej Valley, called [[Langqên Zangbo]] in [[Tibet]], was once known as the [[Garuda]] Valley by the [[Zhangzhung]], the ancient civilization of western [[Tibet]]. The Garuda Valley was the centre of their empire, which stretched many miles into the nearby [[Himalayas]]. The Zhangzhung built a towering palace in the Upper Sutlej Valley called [[Kyunglung]], the ruins of which still exist today near the village of [[Moincêr]], southwest of [[Mount Kailash]] (Mount Ti-se). Eventually, the Zhangzhung were conquered by the [[Tibetan Empire]]. The Sutlej River also formed the eastern boundary of the [[Sikh Empire]] under Maharajah [[Ranjit Singh]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

Today, the Sutlej Valley is inhabited by nomadic descendants of the Zhangzhung, who live in tiny villages of [[yak]] herders.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

The Sutlej was the main medium of transportation for the kings of that time. In the early 18th century, it was used to transport [[devdar]] woods for [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]], [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur district]], and other places along the Sutlej's banks.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

Of four rivers ([[Indus]], Sutlej, [[Brahmaputra]] and [[Karnali River|Karnali]]/[[Ganges]]) mythically flowing out of holy [[Lake Manasarovar]], the Sutlej is actually connected to the Lake Manasarovar by channels that are dry most of the time.<ref name=satrd1>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sutlej-River|title=Sutlej River &#124; India, Punjab, Himalayas &#124; Britannica|date=4 September 2025|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref>
==Course==

=== Present course ===
The river originates from Langchen Kabab in the Tibetan plateau, at the lakes of Mansarover and Rakastal at the southern slope of Mount Kailash, which is about 4,570 metres above sea-level.<ref name=":1" /> It is fed from snow and glaciers.<ref name=":1" /> The source of the Sutlej is west of the [[Drainage basin|catchment area]] of [[Lake Rakshastal]] in [[Tibet]] (also called [[La'angcuo]], adjacent to lake [[Manasarovar]]), as springs in an [[Stream#Intermittent and ephemeral streams|ephemeral]] stream. Lake Rakshastal used to be part of the Sutlej river basin long ago and separated from the Sutlej due to tectonic activity. The nascent river flows at first west-northwest for about {{convert|260|km|mi}} under the Tibetan name ''[[#Langqên Zangbo|Langqên Zangbo]]'' (''Elephant River'' or ''Elephant Spring'') through the Tibetan province of Nari-Khorsam to the [[Shipki La]] pass, entering India in [[Himachal Pradesh]] state at Khab.<ref name=":1" /> It flows in a northwestern direction until it changes its course toward the southwest.<ref name=":1" /> Ungti Chu and Pare Chu rivers which drain the southeastern part of [[Ladakh]] are tributaries of Sutlej river.<ref name="WRIS geo-visualization" /> Eventually, it reaches the Bhakra gorge, where the Bhakra/Govind Sagar gravity-dam has been constructed.<ref name=":1" /> At this point, the lower catchment drains into the reservoire while the higher slopes drains via tributaries.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the principal tributaries are Soel khad, Alseed khad, Ali khad, Gamrola khad, Ghambar khad, Seer khad, Sukhar khad, Sarhali khad, and Lunkar khad.<ref name=":1" /> Located near Nangal Town, the Sutlej enters the Anandpur Dun, which is a valley/plain region situated between the outer Himalayas and [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik Hills]].<ref name=":1" /> Within the valley, the Soan Nadi runs near the Sutlej and merges with it at the southern part of the valley at the left bak (eastern bank).<ref name=":1" /> Within the valley, the river travels with its tributaries in a braided course in a sluggish manner, with the seasonal torrents being referred to as ''Khads'', that descend down from the surrounding hills from slopes leading toward the river.<ref name=":1" /> The principal khads in this section are the Donala Khad, Dabawali Khad, Charan Ganga Khad, Lohand Khad, and Kundlu Ki Khad.<ref name=":1" />

The Sutlej exits the valley near Ropar, where it enters the [[Punjab Plain|Punjab Plains]].<ref name=":1" /> In the past, there was a weir that diverted some of its water to the [[Sirhind Canal]] at this point but in the 1950s it was replaced with a barrage of the Bhakra-Nangal project.<ref name=":1" /> The Bist Doab Canal is also fed by the river here and emerges from its right-bank.<ref name=":1" /> It then has its main [[knee (geography)|knee]] heading west-southwest for about {{convert|360|km|mi}} to meet the [[Beas River]] near [[Harike]], [[Tarn Taran district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state. [[Ropar Wetland]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state is located on the Sutlej river basin. Evidence suggests [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] also flourished here. Between the river's course from Ropar and Firozpur, many natural streams and artificial drains feed.<ref name=":1" /> At Khizarpur village, the Siswan Nadi, a seasonal stream, feed the Sutlej.<ref name=":1" /> Under the high-bank of the old course of the Sutlej emerges the [[Buddha Nullah]], where is a perennial stream that originates at Chamkaur and enters Ludhiana district near Bahlopur, passing nearby the city of Ludhiana, re-entering the Sutlej at Jagraon Tehsil, near the district boundary with the neighbouring Firozpur district.<ref name=":1" /> The East Beas and West Beas enters the Sutlej on its right bank, with the Beas itself joining the Sutlej at Harike.<ref name=":1" />

Continuing west-southwest, the Sutlej enters Pakistan about {{convert|15|km|mi}} east of [[Bhedian Kalan]], [[Kasur District]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province, continuing southwest to water the ancient and historical former [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur princely state]].{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

About {{convert|17|km|mi}} north of [[Uch|Uch Sharif]], the Sutlej unites with the [[Chenab River]], forming the [[Panjnad River]], which finally flows into the Indus river about {{convert|100|km|mi}} west of the city of [[Bahawalpur]]. The area to the southeast on the Pakistani side of the Pakistan-India border is called the [[Cholistan Desert]] and, on the Indian side, the [[Thar Desert]].{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

The Indus then flows through a [[gorge]] near [[Sukkur]] and the fertile plains region of [[Sindh]], forming a large delta region between the border of [[Gujarat]], India and Pakistan, finally terminating in the [[Arabian Sea]] near the [[seaport|port]] city of [[Karachi]], Pakistan. During floods, Indus river water flows into the Indian part of the [[Great Rann of Kutch]]. Thus Gujarat state of India is also a riparian state of the Indus river as the [[Rann of Kutch]] area lying west of [[Kori Creek]] in the state is part of the [[Indus River Delta]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINSPECTIONPANEL/Resources/PAKNDPProgressRepANNEXES.pdf|title=Evolution of the Delta, the LBOD outfall system and the Badin dhands - chapters 3 & 4|access-date=22 December 2015}}</ref>

=== Historical course ===
[[File:Map of Ferozepore district, 13 July 1891.jpg|thumb|Map of Ferozepore district, 13 July 1891. The old bank of the Sutlej river is marked.]]Prior to the 11th century, the Sutlej river actually did not connect with the Indus river but rather flowed into the Hakra or Ghaggar river in Bikaner using one or more old channels.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Krishnan |first=M. S. |title=Geology of India and Burma |publisher=Higginbothams |year=1956 |edition=3rd |pages=22–25 |chapter=The Indus System}}</ref> Some of these old channels were the Sirhind channel, between Sirsa and Bhatnair, and from Sirsa back to Tohana and Ropar.<ref name=":0" /> There were also the three Naiwals.<ref name=":0" /> A few centuries ago, the Sutlej river merged with the [[Ghaggar-Hakra river|Ghaggar river]] to discharge in to the Arabian sea. In approx. 1797 BC, the course of the Sutlej river moved towards the north to join the [[Beas river]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Page 60, The Ravi- Beas Water Tribunal Report (1987) |url=http://www.cwc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Ravi-%20Beas%20Waters%20Tribunal%20Report%201987.pdf |access-date=15 February 2020 |publisher=Central Water Commission}}</ref> By 1750–1800, the Sutlej river absorbed the old bed of the Beas which ran through the high-bar of the [[Doab|Bari Doab]].<ref name=":0" /> From 1882–1903, the Sutlej shifted northward in the Ludhiana district of a distance of 1.6 km at different points within Ludhiana Tehsil and Samrala Tehsil, while it shifted around a mile northward in Jagraon Tehsil.<ref name=":1" /> After a large amount of snowfall in 1988 in Bhakra, there was flooding downstream, which caused a shift in the course of the Sutlej.<ref name=":1" /> In modern-times, reports of the river shifting up to 3 km at various points in Punjab, most principally at Phillaur, Noormahal, and Nakodar.<ref name=":1" /> [[Mining scams in India|Sand-mining]] is a possible cause for some of the recent shifts in the river's course.<ref name=":1" />

==Geology==
{{see also|Ghaggar-Hakra River|Geology of the Himalaya}}

Sutlej is an [[Antecedent drainage stream|antecedent river]], which existed before the Himalayas and [[Entrenched river|entrenched itself]] while they were rising. The Sutlej, along with all of the Punjab rivers, is thought to have drained east into the [[Ganges]] prior to 5 [[myr|mya]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Clift
| first = Peter D.
|author2=Blusztajn, Jerzy
| date = 15 December 2005
| title = Reorganization of the western Himalayan river system after five million years ago
| journal = Nature
| volume = 438
| pages = 1001–1003
| doi = 10.1038/nature04379
| pmid = 16355221
| issue = 7070
| bibcode = 2005Natur.438.1001C
| s2cid = 4427250
}}</ref>

There is substantial geologic evidence to indicate that prior to 1700&nbsp;BC, and perhaps much earlier, the Sutlej was an important tributary of the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]] (thought to be the legendary [[Sarasvati River]]) rather than the Indus, with various authors putting the redirection from 2500 to 2000&nbsp;BC,<ref>Mughal, M.&nbsp;R. Ancient Cholistan. Archaeology and Architecture. Rawalpindi-Lahore-Karachi: Ferozsons 1997, 2004</ref> from 5000 to 3000&nbsp;BC,<ref>Valdiya, K.&nbsp;S., in Dynamic Geology, Educational monographs published by J.&nbsp;N. Centre for Advanced Studies, Bangalore, University Press (Hyderabad), 1998.</ref> or before 8000&nbsp;BC.<ref>*Clift et al. 2012. "U-Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River." Geology, v. 40. [http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/early/2012/01/23/G32840.1.abstract]</ref> Geologists believe that [[earthquake|tectonic activity]] created elevation changes which redirected the flow of Sutlej from the southeast to the southwest.<ref>K.S. Valdiya. 2013. "The River Saraswati was a Himalayan-born river". Current Science 104 (01). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/01/0042.pdf]</ref>{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} If the diversion of the river occurred recently (about 4000 years ago), it may have been responsible for the Ghaggar-Hakra (Saraswati) drying up, causing [[desertification]] of [[Cholistan Desert|Cholistan]] and the eastern part of the modern state of [[Sindh]], and the abandonment of [[Indus Valley civilisation|Harappan settlements]] along the Ghaggar. However, the Sutlej may have already been [[stream capture|captured]] by the Indus thousands of years earlier.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

There is some evidence that the high rate of erosion caused by the modern Sutlej River has influenced the local faulting and rapidly exhumed rocks above [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Thiede
| first = Rasmus
|author2=Arrowsmith, J. Ramón |author3=Bookhagen, Bodo |author4=McWilliams, Michael O. |author5=Sobel, Edward R. |author6= Strecker, Manfred R.
|date=August 2005
| title = From tectonically to erosionally controlled development of the Himalayan orogen
| journal = Geology
| volume = 33
| issue = 8
| pages = 689–692
| doi = 10.1130/G21483AR.1
}}</ref> This would be similar to, but on a much smaller scale than, the exhumation of rocks by the Indus River in [[Nanga Parbat]], Pakistan. The Sutlej River also exposes a double inverted [[metamorphic gradient]].<ref>{{cite journal
|first1=Bernhard
|last1=Grasemann
|first2=Harry
|last2=Fritz
|first3=Jean-Claude
|last3=Vannay
|title=Quantitative kinematic flow analysis from the Main Central Thrust Zone (NW-Himalaya, India): implications for a decelerating strain path and the extrustion of orogenic wedges
|doi=10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00077-2
|journal=Journal of Structural Geology
|volume=21
|issue=7
|date=July 1999
|pages=837–853
|bibcode=1999JSG....21..837G
}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==

===Dams===

Major dams and hydroelectric powerplants are as follows, from upstream to downstream:

====India====

* [[Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant]], 1,000 MW, no MCM as it is run-of-the-river project in [[Kinnaur district]] of Himachal Pradesh, was completed in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Project|url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42131|publisher=Global Energy Observatory|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/cea-restricts-capacity-of-jp-hydro-plant-sold-to-jsw-115042200973_1.html|title=CEA restricts capacity of JP hydro plant sold to JSW|last=Jai|first=Shreya|access-date=2016-05-28}}</ref>

* [[Nathpa Jhakri Dam]], 1,500 MW, no MCM as it is run-of-the-river project in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh was completed in 2004.<ref name=projd1/><ref>{{cite web|title=Nathpa - Jhakri Hydroelectric Project, Himachal Pradesh, India|url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/cs_nathpajhakri_hep.pdf|publisher=Geological Survey of India|accessdate=7 August 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002202512/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/cs_nathpajhakri_hep.pdf|archivedate=2 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

* [[Koldam Dam]], 800 MW, in [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] of Himachal Pradesh was completed in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|title = BHEL starts NTPC's 800-MW Koldam hydro power plant - The Economic Times|url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/bhel-starts-ntpcs-800-mw-koldam-hydro-power-plant/articleshow/47674211.cms|website = The Economic Times|access-date = 2016-01-09}}</ref>

* [[Bhakra Dam]] 1,325 MW, 9621 MCM, in [[Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur district]] of Himachal Pradesh,<ref name=projd1/> is the third [[List of largest reservoirs in India|largest reservoir]] in India, the first being [[Indirasagar Dam|Indira Sagar dam]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] with capacity of 12.22 billion cubic meters and the second being [[Nagarjunasagar Dam]] in Telangana.

====Pakistan====

* [[Sulemanki Headworks]], in [[Bahawalnagar District]] of Punjab, completed in 1927.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2823537 |title=Opening of the Sulemanke Weir by H. E. the Viceroy. 2.Visit of H. E. the Viceroy to Lahore (April 1926). 3. Attendance of H. H. the Nawab of Bahawalpur on the occasion of the opening ceremony of Sulemanke Weir by H. H. the Viceroy. 4. Protest of H. H. the Nawab of Bahawalpur that as a partner in the S. V. Project, he should have been consult about the arrengement for H. E. the Viceroy's visit to Sulemanke. 5. Protest of H. H. the Nawab of Malerkotla regarding invitation by the Punjab Government to Khan Ihsan Ali Khan of Malerkotla (sic) |publisher=Punjab States Agency |year=1926 |location= |pages=86–89 |chapter=Programme for the 12th of April |access-date=2 February 2023 |url-access=registration |via=[[National Archives of India]]}}</ref> It was an irrigation scheme to develop the neighbouring areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bahawalnagar.net/History.aspx |title=History of Bahawalnagar |access-date=2015-02-02 |archive-date=2015-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203051605/http://bahawalnagar.net/History.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* [[Islam Headworks]], in Bahawalpur district of Punjab, completed in 1927.<ref name="nation2010">{{cite news|author1=Ahmad Ahmadani|title=Lack of funds threatens Islam Headworks|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/03-Nov-2010/Lack-of-funds-threatens-Islam-Headworks|accessdate=27 May 2017|work=The Nation|date=3 November 2010|location=Islamabad|language=en}}</ref>

===Sutlej-Yamuna Link===

{{Main|Sutlej Yamuna link canal}}

There has been a proposal to build a {{convert|214|km|mi|adj=on}} long heavy freight and irrigation canal, to be known as the [[Sutlej-Yamuna Link]] (SYL) to connect the Sutlej and [[Yamuna]] rivers.<ref>http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/sutlej_link.php Sutlej-Yamuna Link</ref> The project is intended to connect the Ganges, which flows to the east coast of the subcontinent, with points west, via Pakistan. When completed, the SYL would enable inland shipping from India's east coast to its west coast (on the Arabian sea) without having to round the southern tip of India by sea, vastly shortening shipping distances, alleviating pressures on seaports, avoiding sea hazards, creating business opportunities along the route, raising real estate values, raising tax revenue, and establishing important commercial links and providing jobs for north-central India's large population. However, the proposal has met with obstacles and has been referred to the [[Supreme Court of India]]. To augment nearly 100 [[tmcft]] (some 2.832 trillion&nbsp;L) water availability for the needs of this link canal, [[Tso Moriri]] lake/Lingdi Nadi (a tributary of Tso Moriri lake) waters can be diverted to the Sutlej basin by digging a 10&nbsp;km long gravity canal to connect to the Ungti Chu river.<ref name="WRIS geo-visualization"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180">
File:Sutlej Valley from Rampur ca. 1857.jpg|Sutlej Valley from [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur]] c.&nbsp;1857
File:Crossing the Sutlej near Simla upon inflated animal skins.jpeg|Using inflated animal skins to cross the Sutlej River, c.&nbsp;1905
File:Kinnaur 392.jpg|Sutlej River in [[Kinnaur]] Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India
File:Satluj P012.JPG|Cattle grazing on the banks of the river in [[Rupnagar]], Punjab, India
File:Satluj river.JPG|Satluj River near Shahkot, Punjab, India
File:"Hungarung Pass in the Himalayas" (nowadays called Shipki La, where the Sutlej River enters India from Tibet), from the Illustrated London News, 1856.jpg|Sutlej entering India from Tibet near [[Shipki La]], c. 1856
File:Water coming from Satluj river at Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib.jpg|The Sutlej river flowing at [[Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib]], Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[List of rivers of India]]
* [[List of rivers of Pakistan]]
* [[Rivers of Jammu and Kashmir]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sutlej River}}
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1159578 Sutlej basin] marked on OpenStreetMap.
* [https://wissurge.com/the-battle-of-sutlej-yamuna-link-canal-project/ Sutlej-Yamuna Link Canal is So Controversial?] Wissurge,26 August 2020

{{PunjabGeography}}
{{Five rivers of the Punjab}}
{{Hydrography of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Hydrography of Punjab, India}}
{{China Rivers}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Waters of Pakistan}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tributaries of the Indus River]]
[[Category:Indus basin]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tibet]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sindh]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rigvedic rivers]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Rivers in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Rivers of Pakistan]]

Anantnag district

2026-03-13T15:20:26Z

Aaron: slightly cleaned up formatting for clarity additionally and cleaned formatting

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|District of Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Anantnag}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| settlement_type = District
| native_name =
| image_map1 = Kashmir region. LOC 2003626427 - showing Kashmir division administered by India in neon blue.jpg
| map_alt =
| map_caption1 = Anantnag district is in Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in the disputed [[Kashmir]] region<ref name=tertiary-kashmir/> It is in the [[Kashmir division]] (bordered in neon blue).
| coordinates = {{Coord|33|44|40|N|75|11|30|E|region:IN-JK_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 4
| subdivision_type = Administering country
| subdivision_name = India
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Anantnag]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]<ref name=Tehsils2011>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anantnag.nic.in/no-of-tehsils/|title=Tehsils in Anantnag district, Jammu and Kashmir - Census 2011|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=14 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914051746/https://anantnag.nic.in/no-of-tehsils/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{olist |[[Anantnag]] |Anantnag East Mattan |[[Bijbehara]] |Shangas |[[Kokernag]] |Larnoo |[[Dooru]] |Shahbadballa |[[Qazigund]]|[[Pahalgam]] |[[Saller]] |[[Srigufwara]] }}
| area_total_km2 = 3,574
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,078,692
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 62.69%
| demographics1_title2 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| demographics1_info2 = 927 [[female|♀]]/ 1000 [[male|♂]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.co.in/district/anantnag-district-jammu-and-kashmir-14|title=Anantnag District Population, Caste, Religion Data (Jammu and Kashmir) - Census 2011}}</ref>
| demographics1_footnotes =
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Constituency]]
| leader_name = [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag - Rajouri]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Mian Altaf Larvi]], JKNC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberHomePage.aspx?mpsno=5004|title=Lok Sabha Members|work=Lok Sabha|accessdate=12 July 2021}}</ref> }}
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|7 constituencies]]
| leader_title3 = [[District magistrate|Deputy Commissioner]] (DC/DM/DDC)
| leader_name3 = Syeed Fakhrudin Hamid ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])<ref>https://anantnag.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = JK-03<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drivespark.com/rto-vehicle-registration-details/jammu-kashmir-jk-03/|title=JK-03 Anantnag Vehicle Registration Details |publisher=drivespark.com}}</ref>
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 244 (India)|NH 244]], [[National Highway 501 (India)|NH 501]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/51147/|title=Climate - Anantnag}}</ref>
| blank_info_sec2 = 747 mm
| website = {{url|anantnag.nic.in}}
| official_name = Anantnag district
}}

'''Anantnag district''' is an administrative [[district]] of [[India]]-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in the disputed [[Kashmir]] region.<ref name=tertiary-kashmir> The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of [[Kashmir]] and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the [[WP:TERTIARY|tertiary sources]] (a) through (d), reflecting [[WP:DUE|due weight]] in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). 
(a) {{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |accessdate=15 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories."; 
(b) {{citation|last1=Pletcher|first1=Kenneth|title=Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin |accessdate=16 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; 
(c) {{citation|chapter=Kashmir|title=Encyclopedia Americana|publisher=Scholastic Library Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6|page=328}} C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947"; 
(d) {{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5|pages=1191–}} Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." 
(e) {{citation|last=Talbot|first=Ian|title=A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|year=2016|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19694-8|pages=28–29}} Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir."; 
(f) {{citation|title=Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent |accessdate=15 August 2019}} (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962."; 
(g) {{citation|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-02855-5|pages=294, 291, 293}} Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute..." 
(h) {{citation|last=Fisher|first=Michael H.|title=An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11162-2|page=166}} Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed..." 
(i) {{citation|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-621-3|page=10}} Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
</ref>

It is one of ten districts which make up the [[Kashmir Valley]]. The district headquarters is [[Anantnag]] city. As of 2011, it was the third most populous district of Jammu and Kashmir (out of [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|22]]), after [[Jammu district|Jammu]] and [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite book |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/490/download/1608/DH_2011_0114_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTNAG.pdf |title=District Census Handbook 2011: Anantnag |publisher=[[Census of India]] |year=2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
Anantnag district has a total area of {{convert|3574|sqkm}}. The district is bordered by [[Kargil district]] and [[Kishtwar district]] in the east, [[Doda district]] and [[Ramban district]] to the south and [[Ganderbal district]] to the north and [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]], [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]] and [[Shopian district|Shopian]] districts to the west.

==Climate==
Anantnag features a moderate climate ([[Köppen climate classification]]). Anantnag's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering [[Karakoram]] to its east and the Pirpanjal range to the south. It can be generally described as cool in the spring and autumn, mild in the summer, and cold in the winter. As a large city with significant differences in Geolocation among various districts, the [[weather]] is often cooler in the hilly areas of the east as compared to the flat northern part of Anantnag.

Summer is usually mild and with a little rain, but [[relative humidity]] is generally high and the nights are cool. The [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] occurs throughout the year but no one month is particularly dry. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 6 °C, mean maximum temperature 32 °C) and the coldest are December–January (mean minimum temperature −15 °C, mean maximum temperature 0 °C).

Weather conditions are unpredictable. The record high temperature is 33 °C and the record low is −18 °C. On 5–6 January 2012, after years of relatively little snow, a [[Winter storm|wave of heavy snow and low temperatures]] shocked the city covering it in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing them to officially declare a [[state of emergency]] and calling the following two days (6 and 7 January) off for the whole valley.

Anantnag has seen an increase in relative humidity and annual precipitation in the last few years. This is most likely because of the commercial afforestation projects which also includes expanding parks and green cover. The suburb parts of Anantnag are lusher than the central part.
Anantnag District possesses all the typical characteristics of the climate of Kashmir Valley as a whole. "In his introduction to the ''Rajtarangini Kulan'' or ''Kalhána'', Pandit says about the climate of Valley: 'It is a country where the sun shines mildly, being the place created by Kashayapa as if for his glory. High school-houses, the saffron, iced water and grapes, which are rare even in heaven, are common here. Kailasa is the best place in the three worlds, Himalaya the best part of Kailásá, and Kashmir the best place in Himalaya.'"<ref name=Lawrence-p13>{{cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Walter Roper |author-link=Walter Roper Lawrence |date=2005 |orig-year=1895 |title=The Valley of Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqAHweWRUs0C&q=Rajtarangini+Kulan&pg=PA13 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |page=13 |isbn=978-8120616301 }}</ref><ref name=indiaonapage-Anantnag/>

"[[Walter Roper Lawrence|Sir Walter Lawrence]] writes in his book ''The Valley of Kashmir'' that in latitude Kashmir corresponds with Peshawar, Baghdad and Damascus in Asia: with Fez in Morocco: and South Carolina in America, but it presents none of the characteristics of those countries. People have linked the climate of Kashmir to that of Switzerland until the end of May, and of Southern France in July and August. But it is impossible to speak of Kashmir as possessing any one climate or group of characteristics. Every hundred feet of elevation brings some new phase of climate and of vegetation."<ref name=indiaonapage-Anantnag>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaonapage.com/India/Jammu-and-Kashmir/Anantnag/general-info.html | title=Anantnag district General information | publisher=India on a Page | access-date=18 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Lawrence-p13/>

{{Weather box
| location = Anantnag (1971–1986)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan high C = 7.0
| Feb high C = 8.2
| Mar high C = 14.1
| Apr high C = 20.5
| May high C = 24.5
| Jun high C = 29.6
| Jul high C = 30.1
| Aug high C = 29.6
| Sep high C = 27.4
| Oct high C = 22.4
| Nov high C = 15.1
| Dec high C = 8.2
| year high C = 19.7
| Jan low C = -2.0
| Feb low C = -0.7
| Mar low C = 3.4
| Apr low C = 7.9
| May low C = 10.8
| Jun low C = 14.9
| Jul low C = 18.1
| Aug low C = 17.5
| Sep low C = 12.1
| Oct low C = 5.8
| Nov low C = 0.9
| Dec low C = -1.5
| year low C = 7.3
| Jan low F = 28.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 48
| Feb precipitation mm = 68
| Mar precipitation mm = 121
| Apr precipitation mm = 85
| May precipitation mm = 68
| Jun precipitation mm = 39
| Jul precipitation mm = 62
| Aug precipitation mm = 76
| Sep precipitation mm = 28
| Oct precipitation mm = 33
| Nov precipitation mm = 28
| Dec precipitation mm = 54
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 6.6
| Feb precipitation days = 7.3
| Mar precipitation days = 10.2
| Apr precipitation days = 8.8
| May precipitation days = 8.1
| Jun precipitation days = 5.7
| Jul precipitation days = 7.9
| Aug precipitation days = 6.8
| Sep precipitation days = 3.5
| Oct precipitation days = 2.8
| Nov precipitation days = 2.8
| Dec precipitation days = 5.1
| source = HKO<ref name = HKO>{{cite web
| url = http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm
| title = Climatological Information for Srinigar, India
| publisher = [[Hong Kong Observatory]]
| access-date = 2011-05-02
| archive-date = 26 December 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114950/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| date = November 2010
}}

==Politics==
Anantnag district has 7 assembly constituencies: [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]], [[Anantnag West Assembly constituency|Anantnag West]], [[Dooru (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dooru]], [[Kokernag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kokernag]], [[Shangus (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shangus-Anantnag East]], [[Bijbehara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bijbehara]] and [[Pahalgam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pahalgam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/ERos_AERos.html |title=ERO's and AERO's |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |access-date=2008-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022185235/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/eros_aeros.html |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}</ref> Anantnag district has one [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha constituency]]. The present [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] of [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag-Rajouri]] is [[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberHomePage.aspx?mpsno=5005|title=Lok Sabha Members|work=Lok Sabha|accessdate=12 July 2021}}</ref> of the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]. The [[District Development Council|DDC]] chairperson of the district is Yousuf Gorsi of JKNC which is part of the [[People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration|PAGD]].

==Demographics==
{{Historical population
| source = <ref name="censusindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=A-2 Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |publisher=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>
| footnote = † 1951 and 1991 populations are estimated
| 1901 | 155387
| 1911 | 174661
| 1921 | 193132
| 1931 | 215286
| 1941 | 238136
| 1951 | 261935
| 1961 | 285734
| 1971 | 374175
| 1981 | 490057
| 1991 | 638634
| 2001 | 843892
| 2011 | 1008039
|align = center
}}

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Anantnag district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C01"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|97.99}}
{{Bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|1.22}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|0.57}}
{{Bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.22}}
}}

{{See also|List of cities in Jammu and Kashmir by population}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Anantnag district had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,078,692,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =
Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|accessdate=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archivedate=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 425th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert|375|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 37.48%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Anantnag had a [[sex ratio]] of 927 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1,000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> (this varies with religion) and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 64.32% in 2011. 26.23% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.17% and 10.75% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

Anantnag city with population of 108,505 was the largest city in the district. Anantnag Urban Agglomeration had a population of 158,785.

{{bar box
|title=Sex Ratio in Anantnag District in 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01"/> (no. females per 1,000 males)
|float=left
|width=360px
|left1=Religion (and population)
|right1=Sex Ratio
|bars=
{{bar pixel|Muslim (pop 1,057,005)|green|94.778||948 }}
{{bar pixel|Hindu (pop 13,180)|darkorange|9.742||97 }}
{{bar pixel|Sikh (pop 6,140)|yellow|67.760||678 }}
{{bar pixel|Other (pop 2,367)|grey|65.989||660 }}
{{bar pixel|Total (pop 1,078,692)|black|92.704||927 }}
}}

{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! colspan=10 | Anantnag district: religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01">{{cite report |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW01C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=28 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!|
!| Hindu
!| Muslim
!| Christian
!| Sikh
!| Buddhist
!| Jain
!| Other
!| Not stated
!| Total
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Total
|| 13,180 || 1,057,005 || 1,449 || 6,140 || 55 || 7 || 7 || 849 || 1,078,692
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
|| 1.22% || 97.99% || 0.13% || 0.57% || 0.01% || 0.00% || 0.00% || 0.08% || 100.00%
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Male
|| 12,010 || 542,671 || 845 || 3,660 || 35 || 4 || 3 || 539 || 559,767
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Female
|| 1,170 || 514,334 || 604 || 2,480 || 20 || 3 || 4 || 310 || 518,925
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Gender ratio (% female)
|| 8.9% || 48.7% || 41.7% || 40.4% || 36.4% || 42.9% || 57.1% || 36.5% || 48.1%
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;"| Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males)
|| 97 || 948 || 715 || 678 || – || – || – || 575 || 927
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Urban
|| 8,399 || 272,573 || 504 || 1,149 || 34 || 4 || 1 || 223 || 282,887
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Rural
|| 4,781 || 784,432 || 945 || 4,991 || 21 || 3 || 6 || 626 || 795,805
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | % Urban
|| 63.7% || 25.8% || 34.8% || 18.7% || 61.8% || 57.1% || 14.3% || 26.3% || 26.2%
|-
|}

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Anantnag district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
|label1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] |value1 = 85.10 |color1 = lightgreen
|label2 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]] |value2 = 11.46 |color2 = tomato
|label3 = [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pahari]] |value3 = 1.21 |color3 = lightpink
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey
}}

The predominant language of the district is [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] which is spoken by 85.10% of the population. The second largest language is [[Gujari]] which is 11.46%, while [[Pahari-Pothwari|Pahari]] is third with 1.21% of the population.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX|title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=18 July 2020}}</ref>{{clear|left}}

==Transportation==
===Air===
The nearest airport is [[Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport]] in [[Srinagar]] located 60 kilometres from district headquarters [[Anantnag]]. There is a nearby [[Awantipur Air Force Station|airbase]] in [[Awantipora]] which is used by the [[Indian Air Force]].

===Rail===
Anantnag district is very well-connected with railways. The [[Jammu–Baramulla line]] passes through the district. There are numerous railway stations throughout the district.

===Road===
The district is well-connected with roads and highways. The [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 244 (India)|NH 244]] and [[National Highway 501 (India)|NH 501]] pass through Anantnag district alongside other intra-district roads.

==Villages==


* [[Khiram]]

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="125">
File:Lavender Park 2.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
File:Lavender Park 7.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
File:Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary (protected area in Jammu and Kashmir)
File:Lavender Park 4.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
File:Lavender Park 9.jpg|Lavender Park Pahalgam Anantnag Kashmir
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Anantnag railway station]]
* [[Kashmir Railway]]
* [[Kokernag]]
* [[Martand Sun Temple]]
* [[Pahalgam]]
* [[Qazigund]]
* [[Sinthan]]
* [[Verinag]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anantnag district}}
* [https://anantnag.nic.in/ Official website]

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Anantnag district
| North = [[Ganderbal district]]
| Northeast = [[Kargil district]]
| East = [[Kishtwar district]]
| Southeast =
| South = [[Doda district]]
| Southwest = [[Ramban district]]
| West = [[Pulwama district]] [[Kulgam district]]
| Northwest = [[Srinagar district]]
}}
{{Kashmir Valley}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anantnag district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Minority concentrated districts in India]]

Am Ah

2026-03-07T05:10:29Z

Aaron: new!

{{short description|Indian mystery thriller drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Am Ah
| image = Am Ah poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Thomas K. Sebastian
| producer =
| writer = Kaviprasad Gopinath
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dileesh Pothan]] [[Devadarshini]]
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = Anishlal RS
| editing = Bijith Bala
| studio = Kaapi Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|01|24|India}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Am Ah''''' is a 2025 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller drama directed by Thomas K. Sebastian. The film features [[Dileesh Pothan]] and [[Devadarshini]] (In her [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam debut]]) in the lead roles, with a supporting cast that includes [[Jaffar Idukki]], [[Meera Vasudev]], [[T. G. Ravi]] and [[Parvathi T.|Maala Parvathi]]. The screenplay was written by Kaviprasad Gopinath, and the film was produced under the banner of Kaapi Productions.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Jan/25/am-ah-movie-review-an-emotional-journey-that-never-quite-reaches-its-destination|title='Am Ah' movie review: An emotional journey that never quite reaches its destination|website=New Indian Express|archive-date=26 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126101947/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Jan/25/am-ah-movie-review-an-emotional-journey-that-never-quite-reaches-its-destination|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/am-ah-review-a-simple-narrative-that-tries-hard-to-explore-some-significant-themes-review-117551198|title=Am Ah Review: A Simple Narrative That Tries Hard To Explore Some Significant Themes|website=Times Now|archive-date=25 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125105354/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/am-ah-review-a-simple-narrative-that-tries-hard-to-explore-some-significant-themes-review-117551198|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Anju, a woman devastated by multiple miscarriages and unable to conceive after a medical complication, quietly copes with her loss. While In the remote hill village of Kavantha, Stephen, a police officer working undercover as a roadwork inspector, arrives to investigate a missing child case. There, he meets Ammini Amma, a withdrawn woman raising a hearing impaired child named Kunhi. Ammini claims she lost her daughter and son-in-law in the [[2018 Kerala floods|2018 floods]] and has since cared for Kunhi. As Stephen delves deeper, he discovers that Kunhi was born through surrogacy and abandoned by her biological parents because of her hearing disability. Years ago, Ammini, who was living with Jincy, the surrogate mother and a local tailor, learned of Kunhi’s plight. When Jincy’s husband planned to sell the child, Kunhi was left alone on a doorstep, crying and vulnerable. Ammini bravely rescued Kunhi, crossing dangerous forest terrain and steep hills to secretly bring her to Kavantha. She supported them both through daily wage work and sent Kunhi to nursery. When Ammini’s heart failed, Kunhi was left alone again. In the end, Stephen and Anju adopt Kunhi, offering her love, care, and a fresh start.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dileesh Pothan]] as Stephen/Eeppen
* [[Devadarshini]] as Ammini Amma
* [[Jaffar Idukki]] as Ward Member
* [[Meera Vasudev]] as Anju
* [[T. G. Ravi]] as Pappettan
* [[Sruthy Jayan]] as Jincy
* [[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Abhraham, CI of Police
* Sneha Ajith as Silpa
* [[Parvathi T.|Maala Parvathi]] as Dr.Vineetha Varghese, Gynaecologist
* [[Muthumani]] as Sindhu V Menon
* [[Sarath Das]] as Cardiologist
* Navas Vallikkunnu as Subin Teastall owner
}}

==Production==

The film was produced by Kaapi Productions. Cinematography was handled by Anish Lal R.S., editing by Bijith Bala, and the musical score was composed by Gopi Sundar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/am-ah-movie-review/|title=Am Ah review: A story of motherhood and some intriguing moments that makes it a passable watch|website=South First|archive-date=24 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124120201/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/am-ah-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music for ''Am Ah'' was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-03 |title=Dileesh Pothan and Jaffer Idukki's Am Ah gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/03/dileesh-pothan-and-jaffer-idukkis-am-ah-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318045548/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/03/dileesh-pothan-and-jaffer-idukkis-am-ah-gets-a-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/am-ah-dileesh-pothen-movie-first-review-1.10282064|title='അം അഃ; അമ്മയെന്ന രണ്ടക്ഷരത്തിന്റെ കാണാപ്പുറങ്ങളിലേക്ക് ഒരു സെന്റിമെന്റൽ യാത്ര|website=Mathrubhumi|archive-date=25 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125083504/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/am-ah-dileesh-pothen-movie-first-review-1.10282064|url-status=live}}</ref> Zeba Tommy Won the Kerala State Awards 2024 for Best Playback Singer for the Song “Aarorum”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-songwriter-zeba-tommy-on-winning-the-kerala-state-awards-2024-for-best-playback-singer/article70239966.ece|title=Singer-songwriter Zeba Tommy on winning the Kerala State Awards 2024 for Best Playback Singer|first=Nainu|last=Oommen|date=5 November 2025|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web |title=Am Ah - All Songs |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/am-ah/AgRaoEEna4o_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=8 January 2025}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kavantha
| length1 = 3:18
| lyrics1 = Engandiyoor Chandrasekharan
| extra1 = Adwaitha Padmakumar
| title2 = Aarorum
| length2 = 4:24
| lyrics2 = [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]
| extra2 = Zeba Tommy
| title3 = Ithale Ponnithale
| length3 = 6:02
| lyrics3 = Nidheesh Naderi
| extra3 = Leela Joseph
| total_length = 13:44
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Am Ah'' was released in theaters on 24 January 2025. The movie has got mixed reviews from many major news platforms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/dileesh-pothan-and-jaffar-idukki-movie-am-ah-has-been-released-mm-710054.html|title=Am Ah - സെക്രട്ടറി അവറാന് ശേഷം പോത്തേട്ടൻ മിന്നിക്കുമോ - 'അം അഃ' തിയേറ്ററിൽ|website=News18|archive-date=24 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124061157/https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/dileesh-pothan-and-jaffar-idukki-movie-am-ah-has-been-released-mm-710054.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Reception ===
Gopika I. S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Overall, ''Am Ah'' had the ingredients for a compelling suspense drama but leaves much of its potential unexplored."<ref>{{cite news |title=Am Ah Movie Review : Am Ah is a suspense drama with untapped potential |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/am-ah/movie-review/117571702.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 January 2025}}</ref> Rohit Panikker of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "''Am Ah'' is a simple film with heart that tries to explore a few significant themes, but doesn't entirely do justice to it. An uncomplicated narrative, although it takes its own pace, is made more interesting with its side investigation angle."<ref name="auto1"/>

Vivek Santhosh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Despite Devadarshini’s standout performance, ''Am Ah'' is ultimately a missed opportunity, weighed down by a script that can’t decide what it wants to be. There’s no real depth to the characters or the themes they represent, while it never fully commits to its own potential and thrives in mediocrity."<ref name="auto"/> Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "The performances are solid, but they don’t quite reach exceptional levels. As mentioned earlier, the characters lack depth, leaving little room for the actors to deliver truly impactful performances. The story weaves an emotional thread tied to the mystery, but it doesn’t quite reach a satisfying conclusion."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/01/24/am-ah-movie-review-dileesh-pothan-jaffer-idukki.html|title='Am Ah' - Dileesh Pothan-Jaffer Idukki starrer charms visually but stumbles narratively - Movie Review|website=Malayala Manorama|archive-date=24 January 2025|access-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124220725/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/01/24/am-ah-movie-review-dileesh-pothan-jaffer-idukki.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]

Oli Vilakku

2026-03-04T05:10:44Z

Aaron: article

{{short description|1968 film by Tapi Chanakya}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oli Vilakku
| image = Oli Vilakku.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Tapi Chanakya]]
| screenplay = Sornam (dialogues)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]''|[[O. P. Ralhan]]}}
| producer = [[S. S. Vasan]]
| starring = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] [[Sowcar Janaki]]
| cinematography = U. Rajagopal
| editing = M. Umanath
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]]
| distributor = Jothi Pictures
| released = {{film date|1968|9|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 164 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Oli Vilakku''''' ({{translation|Shining Lamp}}) is a 1968 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]], directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]]. It is a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966). The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (in his 100th film), [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] and [[Sowcar Janaki]], with [[S. A. Ashokan]], [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]], [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] and [[V. S. Raghavan]] in supporting roles. It was released on 20 September 1968, and was one of the most successful Tamil films of the year, and became a turning point in Ramachandran's career.

In the film, a [[burglar]] rescues a widowed woman whose in-laws had left to die during an [[outbreak]] of [[Plague (disease)|plague]]. He is soon framed for [[kidnapping]] her by relatives who are after the woman's [[inheritance]].

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2022}}
Muthu is a career criminal who works for Master Jambu along with his girlfriend Geetha. Who becomes friends with Kadri, another petty thief. Due to his repetitive crimes, the court orders him to stay in a small town for six months. But, two days before his release, he escapes. Master Jambu gives him another job to rob a safe full of gold from the rich. When a plague empties Maanggudi of its inhabitants; Muthu takes the opportunity to burgle a house.

Muthu finds nothing except Shanti. She is A widowed daughter-in-law which the cruel relatives had left to die. Pannaiyar Paramsivam, his wife, and their son, Somu. Shanti has married off when she was four years old to a boy of five years old. But the boy dies soon after. Muthu brings a local village doctor, Kannaiyah, and nurses her back to health. When her relatives return, they are not pleased to find her alive. And even less pleased to discover that someone has tried to rob them. Shanti gets the blame and a beating as they suspect her of having an affair with thief, Muthu. Somu, Pannaiyar Paramasivam's other son, tries to rape Shanti. Muthu saves her from this and the pair flee, with help of Kadri, who treats Shanti as her sister. They set up home in Muthu's house. Much to the displeasure of the respectable neighbours, who are all too ready to think the worst. Shanti's relatives feel dismayed when a lawyer arrives to announce that Shanti's uncle, has left a legacy for 500,000 rupees. They hatch a plot to get her back. By making false police report that Muthu kidnapped Shanti and stole their gold. This is overheard by the Kannaiyah who happens to pass by to visit Shanti and Muthu.

Muthu approaches Master Jambu to borrow money. Yet, Jambu sedates him. Geetha assists with hesitation, Master Jambu. Fearing that they may lose Muthu. Then, Kannaiyah steals the gold from Pannaiyar Paramasivam, which Kadhri learns of. Meanwhile, Shanti appears as a local prostitute by the local neighbours. Which enrages Muthu, culminating in an assault by him on one of the neighbours. Shanti pacifies Muthu and Muthu reforms to be a good man. One day, Somu notices Muthu with Geetha. Somu, with the help of police, chase both of them but they escape. Somu meets the commissioner and both of them then go to see Muthu and Shanti. But, Kadri, disguised as Shanti, saves them. Shanti persuades both Kadri and Muthu to reform. Master Jambu learns that Muthu reforms through Shanti. He persuades Muthu to steal a diamond necklace worth 2 million. Muthu, with hesitation, agrees that the robbery will be his last in exchange for his freedom. Master Jambu reveals that about three years ago, while he was committing a bank robbery, Muthu tried to stop them and saw the robbery. Yet, he cannot prove this to the court due to his past criminal history. Muthu came out after one year from his jail sentence. He works with the commissioner to nab the real culprits, but is fooled by Master Jambu. Master Jambu then traps Muthu into his gang, by playing drama. Geetha, through accident, kills Master Jambu gang member Rathnam to save Muthu. Yet, Rathnam is still alive and both Muthu and Geetha believe that Rathnam is dead. The rest of the story follows how Muthu escapes from Master Jambu's gang, and Shanti and Geetha's fate.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
* [[M. G. Ramachandran|M. G. R]] as Muthu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Geetha<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Shanti<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[S. A. Ashokan|Ashokan]] as Master Jambu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as Kadhri<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[R. S. Manohar|Manohar]] as Maari<ref name="BFTP" />
* Rama Rao as Pannaiyar Paramasivan<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as the commissioner<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Kallapart Natarajan]] as Somu<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Kaveri's father<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Kaveri
* [[C. I. D. Sakunthala]] as a dancer in the song "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" (uncredited)<ref name="BFTP" />
}}

== Production ==

''Oli Vilakku'' was directed by [[Tapi Chanakya]] and produced by [[S. S. Vasan]] under [[Gemini Studios]]; Vasan was not credited onscreen as producer. The film was [[M. G. Ramachandran]]'s 100th as an actor, and a remake of the [[Hindi]]-language film ''[[Phool Aur Patthar]]'' (1966).<ref name="BFTP" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kesavan |first=N. |date=14 May 2016 |title=100th film jinx grips the mighty sans 'Captain' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234546/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-film-industry-100th-film-jinx-grips-the-mighty-sans-captain/article8595803.ece |archive-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> Ramachandran agreed to act in the film only after long sessions of negotiations with Vasan, who assented to the conditions laid down by Ramachandran regarding to the choice of costume and the characterisation of the male lead.{{sfn|David|1983|p=71}} It was Gemini' first colour film,<ref>{{Cite news |last=சுவாமிநாதன் |first=ஸ்ரீதர் |date=8 March 2016 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் 100 {{!}} 16 – அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் கூடிய உழைப்புக்கு சொந்தக்காரர்! |language=Tamil |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017123732/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/74484-100-16.html |archive-date=17 October 2019}}</ref> being colourised through [[Eastmancolor]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=22 September 1968 |title=ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220725114459/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1968/sep/22-09-1968/p2.jpg |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=2 |language=ta}}</ref> and was [[V. S. Raghavan]]'s first collaboration with Ramachandran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=8 October 2010 |title=A virtuoso recalls |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218130538/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/A-virtuoso-recalls/article15772213.ece |archive-date=18 February 2019}}</ref> While [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] was chosen to reprise the role originally played by [[Shashikala]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=6 December 2016 |title=First among equals |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |url-status=live |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207144528/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/First-among-equals/article16767750.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> [[Sowcar Janaki]] asked Ramachandran if she could reprise [[Meena Kumari]]'s role; he accepted. This was the second time after ''[[Shavukaru]]'' (1950) that Janaki asked for a role.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mary |first=S. B. Vijaya |date=29 April 2021 |title='Sowcar' Janaki: 'I'm an incurable romantic' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502052749/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/im-an-incurable-romantic/article34442602.ece |archive-date=2 May 2021}}</ref>

The dialogues were written by Sornam, art direction was handled by A. K. Sekhar,<ref name="poster" /> cinematography was handled by U. Rajagopal and the editing by M. Umanath.<ref name="BFTP" /> While Janaki was initially billed as the first female actress in the opening credits, Jayalalithaa demanded she be billed first as she considered herself more popular; her request was granted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=6 December 2016 |title=Jayalalithaa: The queen bee of politics |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207152420/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Jayalalithaa-The-queen-bee-of-politics/article16768040.ece |archive-date=7 December 2016}}</ref> During the film's [[Kodaikanal]] shooting schedule, Ramachandran cancelled a day's shoot because of the cold weather and ensured that all the crew members received a blanket.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsan |first=S. |date=18 May 2019 |title='Sholay' to 'Darbar': This man is responsible for shining a light on four generations of actors |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051016/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/this-man-is-responsible-for-shining-a-light-on-four-generations-of-actors/article27171167.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref> Unlike the original, where the male lead ([[Dharmendra]]) marries the widow (Kumari), the climax was changed for ''Oli Vilakku'' at Ramachandran's suggestion; it ends with the male lead (Ramachandran) marrying the unmarried woman (Jayalalithaa) while the widow (Janaki) dies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sri Kantha|first=Sachi|author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha|date=January 21, 2014|title=MGR Remembered – Part 14 {{!}} Carping critics|url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-14/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204053729/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-14/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli Vilakku (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220608080309/https://music.apple.com/us/album/oli-vilakku-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1328759600 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=8 June 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> One sequence required Ramachandran to act drunk and mouth a song. Ramachandran, who generally avoided smoking and drinking in films, was stuck in a dilemma, and approached Vaali who presented a solution: Ramachandran's character would be drunk, but his conscience would emerge as four different beings to criticise his acting in the song. Ramachandran then asked Vaali for the ''[[pallavi]]'', and Vaali wrote the lines "Dhayiriamaaga sol nee manidhan thaanaa, Nee thaan oru mirugam, Indha madhuvil vizhum neram" (Tell me bravely, are you a human? You are a beast when you fall into this alcohol), which impressed Ramachandran.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|pp=87–88}} The song "Aandavane Un" is set in [[Shivaranjani]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=28 September 2012 |title=Sivaranjani for pathos |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009133841/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/sivaranjani-for-pathos/article3945587.ece |archive-date=9 October 2014 |access-date=5 February 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> "Naan Kanda Kanavil" is based on "Zindagi Mein Pyar Karna" from the Hindi original, and the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] song "Andorinha Preta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=5 February 2019 |title=When A Portuguese Song Made Its Way into Phool Aur Patthar And Its Remake Starring Jayalalitha |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205153430/https://www.filmcompanion.in/portuguese-song-phool-aur-patthar-remake-starring-jayalalithaa |archive-date=5 February 2019 |access-date=5 February 2019 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> The instrumental piece "Whistlings, Sips and Drunkenness" is not included in the soundtrack.<ref name="BFTP" />

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Thairiyamaka Chol
| extra1 = [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
| length1 = 3:23
| title2 = Nanga Pudusa
| extra2 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]]
| length2 = 3:12
| title3 = Aandavane Un
| extra3 = P. Susheela
| length3 = 3:16
| title4 = Rukminiye
| extra4 = T. M. Soundararajan, [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length4 = 3:18
| title5 = Mampazha Thottam
| extra5 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], L. R. Eswari
| length5 = 4:15
| title6 = Iraiva Un Maaligaiyil
| extra6 = P. Susheela
| length6 = 4:04
| title7 = Nee Thaan
| extra7 = T. M. Soundararajan
| length7 = 3:21
| title8 = Naan Kanda Kanavinil
| extra8 = L. R. Eswari
| length8 = 3:09
| total_length = 27:58 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Oli Vilakku'' was released on 20 September 1968,<ref name="poster" /> and distributed by Jothi Pictures.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 1968 |title=Oli Vilakku |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680908&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Two days later, the reviewer from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' derided the film, saying it "lapses into mediocrity thanks to inept handling of the theme and unconvincing performances." The reviewer criticised the performances of Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa, but praised that of Janaki.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 1968 |title=Mediocrity |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680922&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 August 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 6 October 1968, the magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' published a review jointly conducted by many people, most of whom positively commented on the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 1968 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ஒளி விளக்கு |url=https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172727/https://www.vikatan.com/anandavikatan/2008-oct-29/vikatan-pokkisham/43901.html |archive-date=26 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''Oli Vilakku'' was Ramachandran's eleventh turning point in his career.{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=142}} According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film was "one of the biggest hits of 1968", and performed well even in Sri Lanka.<ref name="BFTP" /> At Zainstan Cinema Hall at Colombo, it ran for over 150 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |title=From Sachi's Files – Chapter 20 {{!}} Colombo Diary of Teenage Years (1965-1970) |url=https://sangam.org/from-sachis-files-chapter-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204053729/https://sangam.org/from-sachis-files-chapter-20/ |archive-date=4 December 2022 |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
When Ramachandran was hospitalised in 1984 at [[Brooklyn Hospital Center|Brooklyn Hospital]], New York, footage showing a tearful Janaki lip syncing to "Aandavane Un" prefaced film screenings across cinema halls in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatachalapathy |first=A. R. |author-link=A. R. Venkatachalapathy |date=12 May 2015 |title=Amma's apogee moment |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527051917/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/ar-venkatachalapathy-on-jayalalithaas-acquittal-ammas-apogee-moment/article7194521.ece |archive-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=5 March 2016 |title=Oli Vilakku (1968) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605105335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mgr-jayalalitha-and-sowcar-janaki-in-oli-vilakku-1968/article8317872.ece |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |date=20 September 1968 |title=Oli Vilakku |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680920&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=David |first=C. R. W. |title=Cinema as Medium of Communication in Tamil Nadu |publisher=Christian Literature Society |year=1983 |oclc=10443988}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&q=MGR+A+Life |title=MGR: A Life |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-93-86495-88-4 |location=India}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0158044}}

{{Tapi Chanakya}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1968 action films]]
[[Category:1968 Indian films]]
[[Category:1968 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Tapi Chanakya]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about criminals]]

Sundarakanda (1991 film)

2026-03-03T22:08:20Z

Aaron: cleaned up references after review and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sundarakanda
| image = Sundarakanda (1991 film).jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = K. V. Raju
| producer = Sridevi
| writer =
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shankar Nag]] Shivaranjini [[Devaraj]] [[Roja Selvamani|Jayanti]] [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] [[Doddanna]] [[Jaggesh]]
| music = [[S. P. Venkatesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
| cinematography = J.G. Krishna
| editing = Murali, Ramaiah
| studio = Sri Vijayalakshmi Cine Arts
| released = {{Film date|1991|02|21|df=y}}
| runtime = 142
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Sundarakanda''''' is 1991 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by K. V. Raju and produced by Sridevi under Sri Vijayalakshmi Cine Arts. The film stars [[Shankar Nag]] and Shivaranjini, with [[Devaraj]], [[Jaggesh]] and Avinash playing supporting roles.
This film was the last movie of [[Shankar Nag]] as an actor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/a-filmy-tribute-to-late-sandalwood-star-shankar-nag-on-his-birth-anniversary-q0p5kt|title=A filmy tribute to late Sandalwood star Shankar Nag on his birth anniversary|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref> and it was released posthumously.

==Plot==
A journalist is set to kill two dishonest MLAs, but they end up killing him first. Later, the journalist's wife gets separated from one of her two sons and both the sons grow up with a motive to avenge their father's death.

==Cast==
*[[Shankar Nag]]
*[[Devaraj]]
*Shivaranjini
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanti]]
*[[Mysore Lokesh]]
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
*[[Doddanna]]
*[[Jaggesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1319171}}

[[Category:1991 films]]
[[Category:1991 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1991 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. P. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:1991 action films]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Azhagiya Theeye

2026-03-03T04:19:50Z

Aaron: basic corrected formatting for accuracy and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Azhagiya Theeye poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Radha Mohan]]
| writer = Radha Mohan [[Viji (screenwriter)|Viji]] (dialogues)
| producer = [[Prakash Raj]]
| starring = [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] [[Navya Nair]] [[Prakash Raj]]
| cinematography = Srinivas
| editing = [[Kasi Viswanathan]]
| music = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| studio = [[Duet Movies]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2004|07|30}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Azhagiya Theeye''''' (spelt onscreen as '''''Azhagiye Theeyae''''') is a 2004 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Radha Mohan]] that stars [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] and [[Navya Nair]] (in her Tamil debut). The film was produced by [[Prakash Raj]], who also played a major role, while [[Ramesh Vinayakam]] composed the music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azhagiya Theeye |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2423&id=13531144 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040920104709/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/preview.php?ctid=5&cid=2423&id=13531144 |archive-date=20 September 2004 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was released on 30 July 2004,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azhagiya Theeye (2004) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/azhagiya-theeye |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531032526/https://screen4screen.com/movies/azhagiya-theeye |archive-date=31 May 2025 |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=Screen4Screen}}</ref> and was a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=23 November 2005 |title=Meet Prasanna of Tamil films |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/23pra.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914141958/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/23pra.htm |archive-date=14 September 2024 |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> The film's name is inspired by the song of the same name from the [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film ''[[Minnale]]'' (2001).{{cn|date=May 2025}}

== Plot ==
The film opens with Ramesh, a [[medical representative]], sharing his past with his fiancée, Sandhya, during a lunch meeting with their friends before their wedding. Ramesh's friends, Chandran, Gopi aka Chithappa, Moorthy, and Bala, are bachelors living together in a rented house in [[Kodambakkam]], owned by Annachi. They're aspiring filmmakers working as assistant directors to make ends meet, but a film union strike is causing them financial struggles. To survive, Moorthy takes on modeling jobs for minimal pay, and they even work as mascots at [[MGM Dizzee World]]. Meanwhile, the friends deceive Annachi into believing they're planning to cast him as the lead actor in their film, just to avoid paying rent.

Nandhini's father, a powerful and intimidating businessman, is determined to marry her off to Aravind, a software engineer based in the [[United States]]. However, Nandhini is vehemently opposed to the idea, having developed a strong aversion to marriage and men following her mother's death. She seeks help from Ramesh to escape her predicament. Ramesh turns to Chandran, and he agrees to help Nandhini after seeing her distress. Ramesh motivates Chandran to talk to Aravind about Nandhini's situation. Chandran concocts a plan, telling Aravind that he's in love with Nandhini to stop the marriage. However, Aravind doesn't buy it and shouts at Chandran, foiling his plan. Nandhini too claims that she's in love with Chandran, which convinces Aravind to call off the wedding. But Nandhini's father doesn't give up and finds another prospective groom for her, an illiterate liquor shop owner, much to Nandhini's dismay.

Aravind meets Chandran and Nandhini again, and to maintain the facade, Chandran pretends to be Nandhini's lover. Aravind, believing their act, arranges for their marriage registration. Nandhini asks Chandran to register marry her temporarily to escape her father's plans, and Chandran reluctantly agrees. When Nandhini's family discovers the secret marriage, they attack Nandhini and Chandran, but Aravind intervenes. Nandhini's father severs ties with her, and Aravind offers them shelter in his flat. At a gathering, Chandran spins a dramatic tale of his supposed love for Nandhini, which even shocks their friends. Nandhini reprimands Chandran for taking the lie too far, convincing Aravind of their supposed relationship. For safety reasons, Chandran's friends insist he stay with Nandhini in the flat, despite his initial reluctance.

As they spend more time together, Nandhini and Chandran frequently clash, and Aravind often finds himself caught in the middle of their arguments. After Aravind returns to the United States, Chandran suggests to Nandhini that they focus on being good friends, shedding any tension between them, and living peacefully in the flat until they go their separate ways. He assures her that he won't misbehave, helping Nandhini feel more at ease. Chandran learns that Nandhini misses her puppy. In a comedic mix-up, Chandran and Chithappa end up in a brothel, mistakenly believing it's a place where they can find a puppy. Eventually, they manage to get Nandhini a new furry companion. Chandran continues to support Nandhini by paying her exam fees after she loses the money from selling her mother's chain. To raise the funds, Chandran's friends contribute ₹2000, and he sells his beloved cycle to cover the remaining ₹1000.

Moorthy notices the strong bond between Chandran and Nandhini, joking that they look like a real couple. Although Chandran isn't sure about his feelings, he's hesitant to confess his love. Soon, Chandran realizes he has developed feelings for Nandhini. Tragedy strikes when Moorthy is critically injured in an accident during a serial shoot. As he regains consciousness, he calls out for Nandhini, intending to reveal Chandran's feelings for her. However, before he can convey the message, Moorthy succumbs to his injuries, leaving everyone in shock. Nandhini is puzzled as to why Moorthy called out for her instead of his friends.

Later, Chandran's story is accepted, and a producer offers to produce his first film. Keeping his promise to Moorthy, Chandran decides to confess his love to Nandhini. However, he's taken aback when he discovers that she's landed a job as a [[systems analyst]] in [[Bengaluru]] and is about to relocate. Before leaving, Nandhini asks Chandran to sign divorce papers, which he hesitantly agrees to. As a token of remembrance, Chandran requests Nandhini to leave behind her footwear, which she agrees to. As Nandhini is about to leave the flat for the last time, she sees Chandran in tears, and her feelings begin to shift. Overwhelmed with emotions, Nandhini realizes her love for Chandran and tearfully hugs him. Just as Ramesh finishes sharing the story of Chandran's past with Sandhya, Chandran, now a successful film director, joins them for lunch with his wife Nandhini by his side.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]] as Chandran
* [[Navya Nair]] as Nandhini
* [[Jai Varma|Jayavarma]] as Moorthy
* [[Elango Kumaravel|Kumaravel]] as Gopi "Chithappa"
* Semmal Bala as Bala
* Harris Moosa as Ramesh
* [[M. S. Bhaskar]] as Annachi, house owner
* [[Pyramid Natarajan]] as Nandhini's father
* [[Devadarshini]] as Sandhya, Ramesh's fiancée
* Thadi Balaji as Shanmugam, restaurant waiter
* [[Periyar Dasan]] as Chandran's father
* Premi as Chandran's mother
* Kamalesh PK as Nandhini's brother
* Sharmili as Sarasamma, a [[Procuring (prostitution)|procurer]]
* [[Prakash Raj]] in a special appearance as Aravind
* [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] in a cameo appearance as himself in the song "Dil Mera Loot Liya"
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] in a cameo appearance as herself in the song "Dil Mera Loot Liya"
}}

== Production ==
[[Radha Mohan]] began work on his first film ''Smile Please'' in 1996, starring [[Prakash Raj]], but the film was shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A-Z Continues... |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/index1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904155058/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/97/Oct/a-z/atoz-5.htm |archive-date=4 September 2017 |access-date=16 October 2015 |website=Indolink}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sangeetha |first=P |date=20 December 2008 |title='I will never act' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-will-never-act/articleshow/3862410.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250811043157/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-will-never-act/articleshow/3862410.cms |archive-date=11 August 2025 |access-date=11 August 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Prakash Raj chose to produce a separate film with the same director and announced the project in July 2003 under the title ''Koothupattarai'', which developed alongside Prakash Raj's other production ''[[Naam (2003 film)|Naam]]'' (2003).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=25 July 2003 |title=Koothupattarai |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/07thjuly25th.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818022134/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/07thjuly25th.asp |archive-date=18 August 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2003 |title=Cine News |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/2003/augu/01-08-03.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050127222805/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/2003/augu/01-08-03.htm |archive-date=27 January 2005 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> [[Navya Nair]] signed on to appear in the film during September 2003, which by then had been briefly titled ''Ellame Drama Thaan''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rasika |date=30 September 2003 |title=Navya enters Tamil film scene |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/09reeltalk12th.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103072910/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/09reeltalk12th.asp |archive-date=3 January 2004 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2003 |title=Gossip |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2003/augu/25-08-03.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050926110251/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2003/augu/25-08-03.htm |archive-date=26 September 2005 |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> It is her Tamil debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2004 |title=Navya Nair - In a fix! |url=http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/fullstory.php?id=13609195 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204163657/http://sify.com/movies/malayalam/fullstory.php?id=13609195 |archive-date=4 December 2004 |access-date=21 March 2023 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ramesh Vinayakam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2004 |title=Azhagiya Theeye (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/azhagiya-theeye-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1698005122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914142030/https://music.apple.com/in/album/azhagiya-theeye-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1698005122 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiri - Azhagia Theeye Tamil Film Audio CD by Yuvan Shankar Raja |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/ethiri-azhagia-theeye-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809112602/https://macsendisk.com/product/ethiri-azhagia-theeye-tamil-film-audio-cd-by-yuvan-shankar-raja/ |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=Macsendisk |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Vizhigalin Aruginil
| extra1 = [[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
| length1 = 5:28
| title2 = Ullalae Ullalae
| extra2 = [[Devan Ekambaram|Devan]], [[Timmy]]
| length2 = 4:26
| title3 = Sandana Poongatrae
| extra3 = Ramesh Vinayakam, Lavanya
| length3 = 5:08
| title4 = Maattikkittenae
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length4 = 5:18
| title5 = Dil Mera Loot Liya
| extra5 = [[Mathangi Jagdish|Mathangi]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| length5 = 5:10
| title6 = Boom
| extra6 = Ramesh Vinayakam
| note6 = Theme Music
| length6 = 1:47
| total_length = 27:17 
}}

== Critical reception ==
Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Amidst run of the mill love themes and implausible action, Duet Movies' "Azhagiya Theeyae ... " comes as a whiff of fresh air. With a simple storyline neatly narrated, the film is ably backed by Viji's dialogue. The comic digs, light-hearted barbs, and humorous verbal exchanges in this breezy romantic story keep your spirits enlivened."<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=6 August 2004 |title="Azhagiya Theeyae ... " |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/azhagiya-theeyae/article28576889.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203133204/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/azhagiya-theeyae/article28576889.ece |archive-date=3 February 2020 |access-date=3 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "On the whole Azhagiya Theeye is good fun while it lasts."<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |title=Azhagiya Theeye |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/azhagiya-theeye-review-tamil-13534425.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921224032/http://www.sify.com/movies/azhagiya-theeye-review-tamil-13534425.html |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the film and director for healthy humor, humorous dialogues, and for making a film different from commercial films.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=15 August 2004 |title=அழகிய தீயே |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2004-08-15/page/80/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240221025453/https://archive.org/details/kalki2004-08-15/page/80/mode/2up |archive-date=21 February 2024 |access-date=17 January 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=80 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> G. Ulaganathan of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "What is a good film? Azagiya Theeye will provide you the answer. No vulgar dialogues, clean story, good screenplay, no unnecessary fights, no overacting — it has all these and much more to offer".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulaganathan |first=G |date=26 September 2004 |title=Azagiya Theeye |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep262004/mr3.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309104919/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep262004/mr3.asp |archive-date=9 March 2005 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref> ''[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]'' wrote, "With film after film competing to be illogical, Azhagiya Theeye comes as a whiff of fresh air. Director Ratha Mohan should be credited for maintaining a fast-paced narration without resorting to any gimmicks. The climax however looked cliched".<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2004 |title=Realistic |url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=8769 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040826122013/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=8769 |archive-date=26 August 2004 |access-date=10 August 2025 |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Radha Mohan}}
{{Prakash Raj}}
[[Category:2004 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2004 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Indian films]]
[[Category:2004 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about arranged marriage]]
[[Category:Films about father–daughter relationships]]
[[Category:Films about film directors and producers]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films about poverty in India]]
[[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Films directed by Radha Mohan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ramesh Vinayakam]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy-drama films]]

R. N. K. Prasad

2026-02-27T22:07:54Z

Aaron: new

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (c. 1929–2012)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. N. K. Prasad
| image = R.N.KrishnaPrasadImg.jpg
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Rattihalli Nagendra Rao Krishna Prasad
| birth_date = 1929
| birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 15 {{death year and age|2012|1929|02}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Cinematographer, film director, actor
| othername =
| years_active =
| parents = [[R. Nagendra Rao]]
| spouse = [[Usha Prasad]]
| children = [[Rajeev Prasad]], [[Mala Rao]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.rnjayagopal.com/}}
| family = {{ubl|[[R. N. Jayagopal]] (brother)|[[R. N. Sudarshan]] (brother)}}
}}

'''Rattihalli Nagendra Rao Krishna Prasad''' (c. 1929 – 15 February 2012) was an Indian cinematographer, actor, director and producer. He was the eldest son of [[R. Nagendra Rao]] considered one of the foremost figures of [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/rnk-prasad-veteran-cinematographer-dead/article2898367.ece|title=R.N.K. Prasad, veteran cinematographer, dead|date=16 February 2012|publisher=|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/RNK-Prasad-dead/articleshow/21425307.cms|title=RNK Prasad dead|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born in 1929 in [[Mysore]], Krishna Prasad directed the Kannada film ''[[Naguva Hoovu]]'' starring his younger brother [[R. N. Sudarshan]] in the lead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/the-directors-natural-choice/article2911538.ece|title=The director's natural choice|first=Muralidhara|last=Khajane|date=20 February 2012|work=The Hindu}}</ref> Krishna Prasad won the Karnataka State Award for cinematography three times.

In his later years, Krishna Prasad acted in Tamil films playing an important supporting role in ''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]'' (1990) along with his brother [[R. N. Jayagopal]]. Krishna Prasad also acted in the Tamil television serial ''[[Marmadesam]]''.

==Filmography==
===As a cinematographer===
*''[[Premada Putri]]'' (1957)
*''[[Vijayanagarada Veeraputhra]]'' (1961)
*''[[Naandi (film)|Naandi]]'' (1964)
*''[[Nanna Kartavya]]'' (1965)
*''[[Belli Moda]]'' (1967)
*''[[Dhoomakethu]]'' (1968)
*''[[Kadina Rahasya]]'' (1969)
*''[[Arishina Kunkuma]]'' (1970)
*''[[Naguva Hoovu]]'' (1971; also director)
*''[[Bhale Adrushtavo Adrushta]]'' (1971)
*''[[Kesarina Kamala]]'' (1973)
*''[[Seethe Alla Savithri]]'' (1973)
*''[[Uravu Solla Oruvan]]'' (1975) (Tamil)
*''[[Kavikkuyil]]'' (1977) (Tamil)
*''[[Chittu Kuruvi]]'' (1978) (Tamil)
*''[[Rosappu Ravikkaikari]]'' (1979) (Tamil)
*''[[Mutthu Ondu Mutthu]]'' (1979)
*''[[Mareyada Haadu]]'' (1981)
*''[[Avala Antharanga]]'' (1984)
*''[[Rusi (film)|Rusi]]'' (1984) (Tamil)
*''[[Aagaya Thamaraigal]]'' (1985) (Tamil)
*''[[Hrudaya Pallavi]]'' (1987)
===As an actor===
;Films
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Nayakan]]'' || Reddy brother
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Michael Madana Kama Rajan]]'' || Venugopal
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1992||''[[Thambi Pondatti]]'' ||
|-
|''Pudhusa Padikkiren Paattu'' ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Pathavi Pramanam]]'' || President of India
|-
| rowspan="2"|1995 || ''[[Raasaiyya]]'' || Groom's father
|-
|''[[Ragasiya Police]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1996 || ''[[Sivasakthi]]'' || R. N. K. Prasad
|-
| ''[[Subash (film)|Subash]]'' || Indian Army General
|-
|}
;Television
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Marmadesam#Ragasiyam|Marmadesam - Ragasiyam]]'' || Govindarajan G. || Tamil television series
|-
| 2002{{endash}}2006 || ''[[Nagamma (TV series)|Nagamma]]'' || Ravi's father || Telugu television series
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
*1967–68 Karnataka State Film Awards: [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] - ''[[Belli Moda]]'' (won)
*[[1980–81 Karnataka State Film Awards]]: Best Cinematographer - ''[[Mareyada Haadu]]'' (won)
*[[1984–85 Karnataka State Film Awards]]: Best Cinematographer - ''[[Avala Antharanga]]'' (won)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna Prasad, R. N.}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Artists from Mysore]]
[[Category:Film producers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Tamil male television actors]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]

M. S. Sathyu

2026-02-26T04:18:00Z

Aaron: corrected formatting for consistency and updated info

{{short description|Indian film director (born 1930)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| image = M S Sathyu Cropped.jpg
| name = Mysore Srinivas Sathyu
| caption = Sathyu in 2010
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1930|07|06}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Film director [[Scenic design|Stage Designer]] [[Art Director]]
| known_for = [[Garm Hava]] and [[Bara (1982 film)|Bara]]
| spouse = [[Shama Zaidi]]
}}
'''Mysore Shrinivas Sathyu''' (born 6 July 1930) is a film director, [[Scenic design|stage designer]] and [[art director]] from [[India]]. He is best known for his directorial ''[[Garm Hava]]'' (1973), which was based on the [[partition of India]].<ref name=mint>{{cite news |title=Back Story: Separate lives |url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/07/27221329/Film--Back-story.html |publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date= 27 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101140149/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/xh9EvT8R5nSO58eu3RJgRL/Film--Back-story.html |archive-date=1 November 2018 }}</ref> He was awarded [[Padma Shri]] in 1975.<ref name="secund" />

==Early and personal life==
Born into a [[Kannada]] family, Sathyu grew up in [[Mysore]]. He pursued his higher education at Mysore and later Bangalore. In 1952, he quit college while working on his [[Bachelor of Science|Bachelor of Science degree]]. Sathyu is married to [[Shama Zaidi]], a north Indian [[Shia]] Muslim. They have two daughters.

==Career==
He freelanced as an animator in 1952–53. After being unemployed for nearly four years, he got his first salaried job as assistant director to filmmaker [[Chetan Anand (producer and director)|Chetan Anand]].He worked in theatre as a designer and director, including designing sets and lights for productions of Hindustani Theatre, [[Okhla]] Theatre of [[Habib Tanvir]], Kannada Bharati and other groups of [[Delhi]]. In films, he has worked as an art director, camera-man, screenwriter, producer and director. His first film. His fas an independent [[Art director]] or [[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]], a film by [[Chetan Anand (producer & director)|Chetan Anand]], which won him recognition and the 1965 Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction. His filmography includes over 15 documentaries and 8 feature films in Hindi, Urdu and [[Kannada]].<ref name="secund">Barnouw, Erik, and S. Krishnaswamy, [[Cinema of India|Indian Film]], New York and London, 1963.</ref>

His best known work, [[Garm Hava]] (''Scorching Winds'', 1973), is one of the last cinema productions featuring 1950s Marxist cultural activists including [[Balraj Sahni]] and [[Kaifi Azmi]]. Garm Hava won several [[National Film Awards|Indian national awards]] in 1974, including a National Integration Award.<ref name="thurd">
Chakravarty, Sumita S., National Identity in Indian Popular Cinema, 1947–1987, Austin, Texas, 1993</ref> It was screened in the competitive section at Cannes and was also the Indian entry at the Oscars. It won the Filmfare award for best screenplay.<ref name="prime">Azmi, Kafi and Shama Zaidi, Three Hindi Film Scripts, 1974.</ref>

M. S. Sathyu currently is associated mainly with television and stage. In 2013, Sathyu featured in the popular [[Google]] ''[[Reunion (advertisement)|Reunion]]'' ad, where he played the role of Yusuf, an elderly Pakistani man who is reunited with his childhood pre-partition friend from India, Baldev (Vishwa Mohan Badola).<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news |title=Searching for Memories|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/searching-for-memories/1195036/ |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |date= 15 November 2013 }}</ref> The commercial went viral on social media.<ref name="hindu142">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/back-with-the-wind/article6596295.ece|title=Back with the wind|date=14 November 2014|work=The Hindu|access-date=2014-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/10459212/Google-Search-emotional-Google-India-reunion-advert-goes-viral.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120053619/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/10459212/Google-Search-emotional-Google-India-reunion-advert-goes-viral.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 November 2013|title=Google Search: emotional Google India reunion advert goes viral|date=19 November 2013|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2014-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://world.time.com/2013/11/14/why-indians-and-pakistanis-find-this-ad-incredibly-moving/|title=Google India-Pakistan Search Ad|date=14 November 2013|magazine=TIME|access-date=2014-11-14}}</ref> Sathyu is one of the patrons of Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA). He directed musical play Gul E Bakavali written by [[Sudhir Attavar|Sudheer Attavar]]; represented 8th World Theatre Olympics in year 2018 . He also directed plays like 'Dara Shikoh', Amrita, Bakri, Kuri, Akhri Shama and many more. In 2014, his debut film, ''Garm Hava'' was re-released after restoration.

==Awards==
* 1965 : [[Filmfare Best Art Direction Award]]: ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]'' (for black-and-white film category)
* 1974 : [[Cannes Film Festival]]: [[Golden Palm]] : ''Garm Hava'': Nominated.
* 1974 : [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]]: [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]]: ''Garam Hawa''<ref name="21stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/21st_nff_1973.pdf|title=21st National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>
* 1975 : [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013) |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
* 1981-82 : [[Karnataka State Film Award for First Best Film]] for "Bara"
* 1981-82 : [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Director]] for "Bara"
* 1982 : [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada]] for "Bara"
* 1982 : [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada]] for "Bara"
* 1984 : [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]]: [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]]: ''[[Sookha]]''<ref name="31staward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm31stNFAAward.aspx|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=[[India International Film Festival]]|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112200555/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm31stNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=12 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards (PDF)|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>
* 1984 : [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie Hindi]] : ''Sookha''<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0766166/awards Awards] ''[[Internet Movie Database]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Critics Award for Best Film| publisher = Filmfare Awards Official listing, [[Indiatimes]]| url = http://recipeguide.indiatimes.com/awards2001/ex_cfilm.htm| access-date = 2014-05-20| archive-date = 18 December 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141218030957/http://recipeguide.indiatimes.com/awards2001/ex_cfilm.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* 1994 : [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]: Stagecraft<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA: List of Akademi Awardees |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] Official website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217185616/http://www.sangeetnatak.org/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}</ref>
* 2014 :[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] : Theatre <ref>{{cite web|title=Declaration of Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowships (Akademi Ratna) and Akademi Awards (Akademi Puraskar) for the Year 2014|url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/files2015-16/Press%20Release%20SNA%20Awards%20for%20the%20year%202014%20-%20English.pdf|website=www.sangeetnatak.gov.in|access-date=13 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614110227/http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/files2015-16/Press%20Release%20SNA%20Awards%20for%20the%20year%202014%20-%20English.pdf|archive-date=14 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Production==

===Theatre plays===
* Gul E Bakavali musical Play written by Sudheer Attavar
* [[Dara Shikoh]] written by Danish Iqbal
* Mudrarkshas
* Aakhri Shama
* Rashmon
* Bakri ("Kuri" in Kannada)
* Girija Ke sapne
* Mote Ram Ke Sathyagrah
* Emil's Enemies
* [[Amrita]] :

===Films===

'''Feature Films'''

*Ek Tha Chotu Ek Tha Motu
*[[Garm Hava|Garm Hawa]] (Hot Wind) 1973
*''[[Chithegu Chinthe]]'' 1978 - Screened at 7th IFFI.
*''[[Kanneshwara Rama]]'' (The Legendary Outlaw)
* Kahan Kahan Se Guzar Gaya (1981)
*[[Bara (1982 film)|Bara]] (Famine), based on a short story by U.R. Anantha Murthy (1982)
* ''[[Sookha]]'' Hindi version of the Kannada movie [[Bara (1982 film)|Bara]] (1983)
*''[[Galige]]'' (1994) (Kannada)
*Kotta (1999)
*[[Ijjodu]] ( Kannada) 2009

'''Short films and Documentaries'''

*Irshad
*Black Mountain
*Ghalib
*Islam in India

===Television===

'''TV serials'''

*Pratidhwani 1985
*Choli Daaman 1987–88
*Kayar (Coir) 1992
*Antim Raja (The Last Raja of Coorg) 1986

'''Tele-films'''

*Aangan
*Ek Hadsa Char Pehlu
*Thangam

'''Television and YouTube Advertisements'''

*''[[Reunion (advertisement)|Reunion]]'', an advertisement for [[Google Search]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|0766166}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Director - Kannada}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sathyu, M. S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian art directors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian television directors]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Artists from Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian scenic designers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Film directors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Film producers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Film on National Integration National Film Award]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on National Integration National Film Award]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]]

Pragati Express

2026-02-23T11:52:30Z

Aaron: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2011}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Pragati Superfast Express
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Intercity Express (Indian Railways)|Intercity Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1991|12|27}}
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Mumbai CSMT]]
| stops = 6
| end = [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]]
| distance = {{convert|187|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3 hours 25 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC Chair Car, Second Class Seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack = Overhead racks
| catering = No [[pantry car]]
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12125 / 12126
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|54|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = {{routemap|inline=1|map=
ENDEa~~[[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus|Mumbai CSMT]]
HST~~{{stnlnk|Dadar}}
HST~~{{stnlnk|Thane}}
hKRZWae~~Thane Viaduct ([[Thane Creek]])
TUNNEL1~~[[Parsik Tunnel]] (1.6 Km)
HST~~{{stnlnk|Panvel}}
TUNNEL1~~Chowk Tunnel (2.6 km)
HST~~{{stnlnk|Karjat}}
STR+GRZq~~[[Bhor Ghat]] begins
pHST~~ ~~{{stnlnk|Monkey Hill}}~~(''technical halt towards Mumbai CSMT'')
TUNNEL1~~Khandala Tunnel (2.3 Km)
STR+GRZq~~[[Bhor Ghat]] ends
pHST~~ ~~{{stnlnk|Khandala}}~~(''technical halt towards Mumbai CST'')
BHF~~{{stnlnk|Lonavala}}
HST~~{{stnlnk|Shivaji Nagar}} (''towards Pune Junction'')
KBHFe~~{{stnlnk|Pune Junction}}
}}
| map_state = Maharashtra
}}

The 12125 / 12126 '''Pragati Superfast Express''' is a daily [[Intercity Express (Indian Railways)|intercity express]] train plying between [[Pune]] and [[Mumbai]] via {{stnlnk|Panvel}}. It is operated by the [[Central Railway zone|Central Railways]], a zonal railway under the larger [[Indian Railways]]. Currently, it plies the distance of 187 km in 3 hours and 25 minutes.

==Coaches==

Pragati Express is composed of 15 LHB Coaches, as follows:

* 1 AC Chair Car
* 1 AC Vistadome
* 6 Second Seating
* 1 Unreserved coach (Reserved for Monthly Season Ticket holders)
* 4 General Second Class
* 1 Unreserved Ladies, Divyangjan and Brake Van
* 1 Generator Luggage and Brake Van

Pragati Express service is run using a single LHB rake and is maintained after every round trip in Pune at the Ghorpadi coaching depot

==Service==

It was inaugurated on 27 December 1991 as an alternative to the most popular train on this sector the [[Deccan Queen]]. It is one of the six point-to-point express trains meant for intercity travel between Mumbai and Pune that carry thousands of regular commuters. The other five being the [[Sinhagad Express]], [[Deccan Queen]], [[Deccan Express]], [[Indrayani Express]] and the [[Mumbai–Pune Intercity Express|Intercity Express]]. Although all trains have the same livery, the Pragati Express takes a different route. It takes the single line electrified route between {{stnlnk|Karjat}} and {{stnlnk|Panvel}} and continues towards {{stnlnk|Diva Junction}} from where it continues the rest of journey towards Mumbai CSMT. Thus it completely bypasses the {{rws|Karjat}}–{{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}–{{stnlnk|Diva Junction}} section of the [[Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central Line]].

==Timing==

The Pune–Mumbai Pragati Express Express is the 3rd of 6 dedicated trains to leave Pune Junction for Mumbai CST & is the 2nd-last train to return.

12126 Pune–Mumbai Pragati Express leaves Pune Junction every day at 07:50 hrs IST and reaches Mumbai CST at 11:15 hrs IST.

On return, the 12125 Mumbai–Pune Pragati Express leaves Mumbai CST every day at 16:25 hrs IST and reaches Pune Junction at 19:50 hrs IST.

==Traction==

When the train was introduced, it was hauled by WCM 2/3/5 DC locomotives as the route between Mumbai and Pune was under 1500 V DC. Post 2014, after conversion of DC to AC on Central Line, it has been hauled occasionally by [[Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal|Bhusawal]]-based [[WAP-4]]/[[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Ajni|Ajni]]-based [[WAP-7]]. As of 18 April, 2025, due to an acute shortage of healthy electric locomotives in the Central Railway zone, this train is temporarily being hauled by a [[Indian locomotive class WDP-4|WDP-4D]] of the Pune loco shed, which were laying dormant until now. However, this train may be hauled by the regular electric locomotive link.

At {{stnlnk|Karjat}}, it gets two or three [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]] or [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]] bankers of [[Electric Loco Shed, Kalyan|Kalyan shed]] to push the train on the ghat section between Karjat railway station and [[Lonavala railway station]], where the gradient is 1 in 40.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Pragati Express.jpg|Old Pragati Express with beautiful coach
File:Pragati Express - Utkrist coaches.jpg|Pragati Express – with the new Uttamakristha coaches
File:Pragati Express - 2nd Class seating - Utkrist coach.jpg|Pragati Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|2nd Class]] seating – Uttamakristha coach
</gallery>

==Sister trains==
* [[Dedicated Intercity trains of India|Dedicated Mumbai-Pune Intercity trains]]:
{| class="wikitable"
!Via Kalyan
!Defunct
|-
| [[Deccan Express]]
| [[Mumbai–Pune Mail]]
|-
| [[Deccan Queen]]
| [[Mumbai-Pune Passenger]]
|-
| [[Indrayani Express]]
| [[Mumbai–Pune Shatabdi Express]]
|-
| [[Mumbai–Pune Intercity Express]]
| [[Bombay-Poona Express]]
|-
| [[Sinhagad Express]]
| [[Mumbai-Pune Janta Express]]
|-
|
| [[Pune-Mumbai Passenger]]
|}

==See also==
* [[Mumbai–Pune Passenger]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ Website of the Indian Railways]
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/map/1264/1620/76 Pragati Express route map]

{{Mumbai–Pune Trains}}
{{Railways in Central India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pragati Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mumbai–Pune trains]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1991]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Trains with Vistadome coaches in India]]

Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC converter station

2026-02-22T23:37:22Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|Converter station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox power transmission line
| name = Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC converter station
| photo =
| caption =
| map =
| map_caption = Location of Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| province =
| coordinates = {{Coord|20|05|21|N|79|08|36|E|type:landmark|name=Chandrapur Back to Back HVDC Station}}
| lat =
| long =
| direction =
| start = Western Region
| through =
| finish = Southern Region
| par =
| owner = [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]
| partners =
| operator =
| cable_manufacturer =
| cable_installer =
| cable_layer =
| substation_manufacturer=
| substation_installer= [[Alstom|GEC-Alstom]]
| contractors =
| construction =
| expected =
| est = 1997
| decom =
| type = Back to Back
| current_type = [[HVDC]]
| length_km = 0
| capacity = 2 x 500 MW
| AC_voltage =
| DC_voltage = 205 kV (each pole)
| poles_no = 2
| circuits_no =
}}
The '''Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC station''' is a back-to-back [[HVDC]] connection between the western and southern regions in India, located close to the city of [[Chandrapur]]. Its main purpose is to export power from the [[Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station]] to the southern region of the Indian national power grid. It is owned by [[Power Grid Corporation of India]].

The converter station consists of two independent poles, each with a nominal power transmission rating of 500 MW. Both poles were built by [[Alstom|GEC-Alstom]] between 1993 and 1997<ref>Prasher V.K, Kumar Devender, Gupta R.S., Suri Rajesh, Joshi Ashok, Mukoo Sanjay, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221156/http://www.e-cigre.org/bib/14_121_2002.pdf Operational Experiences of Chandrapur 2 x 500 MW back-to-back station], [[International Council on Large Electric Systems|CIGRÉ]] session, Paris, 2002, paper reference 14-121.</ref> and have nominal DC voltage and current ratings of 205 kV, 2475 A.

The [[HVDC converter station|converter station]] is located {{convert|20|km}} from the eastern terminal of the [[Chandrapur–Padghe HVDC transmission system]]. The close proximity of the two converter stations meant that the control systems needed to be carefully coordinated, a task made more challenging by the fact that the two stations were built by different manufacturers. To address this problem a series of joint simulation studies, involving the control equipment from both converter stations connected to a common simulator, was performed.<ref>Abbott, K.M., Aten, M., [https://web.archive.org/web/20220319081737/https://e-cigre.org/bib/14_109_2000.pdf Two HVDC schemes in close proximity: a coordination study], [[International Council on Large Electric Systems|CIGRÉ]] Session, Paris, 2000, paper reference 14-109.</ref>

On 31 December 2013, the Northern, Eastern and Western grids were synchronised with the Southern regional grid, creating a single synchronous AC grid over the whole of India.<ref>[http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?PId=78&LangID=English One Nation – One Grid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226175901/http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?PId=78&LangID=English |date=26 February 2017 }}, Powergrid website (retrieved 18 November 2015).</ref> As a result, the converter station is no longer required for its original purpose of asynchronously linking the Western and Southern grids, although it can still be used as an embedded power flow device to help control power flow within the AC system. The stations could potentially be shifted to elsewhere to export/import power from other countries. Sometimes the excess power fed to the southern grid by this HVDC link is flowing back to Western region through the 765 kV AC lines between Southern grid and the Western grid with futility.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

== Arrangement and main equipment ==

=== Overall arrangement ===

Each of the two poles is identical and consists of a back-to-back connection of two 12-pulse bridge converters. Unusually, no DC smoothing [[inductor|reactor]]s are used.<ref>Wheeler J.D., Davidson C.C., Williams J.D.G., Roy A.K., Design aspects of the 2 x 500MW Back-to-back HVDC scheme, [[International Council on Large Electric Systems|CIGRÉ]] session, Paris, 1996, paper reference 14-104.</ref>

Each pole is grounded at one of the two DC terminals.

=== Converter transformers ===
Each of the two poles uses three, single-phase, three-winding converter [[transformer]]s on each side.<ref>Andersen B.R., Monkhouse, D.R., Whitehouse R.S., Williams J.D.G., Prasher V.K, Kumar Devender, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221154/http://www.e-cigre.org/bib/14_114_1998.pdf Commissioning the 1000MW back-to-back HVDC link at Chandrapur, India], [[International Council on Large Electric Systems|CIGRÉ]] session, Paris, 1998, paper reference 14-114.</ref>

=== Thyristor valves ===

The scheme comprises 48 [[thyristor valve]]s (12 at each end of each pole) and with each thyristor valve including 54 thyristor levels in series. The thyristors are of 100 mm diameter and are rated at 5.2 kV. The thyristor valves are floor-mounted even though the station is located in a seismically active area.

=== AC filters and reactive power ===

Each side of the station is equipped with a total of 848 MVAr of AC [[harmonic]] filters. Each side of each pole is equipped with three, 106 MVAr double-damped filters (tuned to 12th and 24th harmonics) and one, 106 MVAr "C-type" filter (tuned to 5th harmonic). On the Southern side there are also two, 50 MVAr shunt reactors.

== Sites ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Site || Coordinates
|-
| Chandrapur Back to Back|| {{Coord|20|05|21|N|79|08|36|E|type:landmark|name= Chandrapur Back to Back HVDC Station}}
|}

==See also==
* [[HVDC Sileru–Barsoor]]
* [[Vizag back-to-back HVDC converter station]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20121013104458/http://www.powergridindia.com/PGCIL_NEW/home.aspx Power Grid Corporation of India
* [http://www.alstom.com/grid/ Alstom Grid Website]

[[Category:Electric power transmission infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:Converter stations]]
[[Category:Energy in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Energy in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chandrapur district]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1997]]

St Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School

2026-02-22T20:18:20Z

Aaron: created new info

{{More citations needed|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| location =
| address = Trichy Road
| region =
| city = [[Coimbatore]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| postal_code =
| zipcode =
| country = [[India]]
| country1 =
| coordinates =
| school_number =
| school_board = TN Matriculation
| district =
| affiliation = Tamil Nadu Higher Secondary Board
| superintendent =
| trust =
| website = http://www.josephs.ac.in/
| founder =
| chairperson =
| principal =
| viceprincipal =
| staff =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| classes = LKG to 12th std
| classes_offered =
| avg_class_size =
| houses =
| schooltype =
| fundingtype =
| type =
| system =
| fees =
| slogan =
| song =
| motto =
| enrollment =
| alumni =
| picture =
| logo =
}}

'''St. Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School''' is an all-girls [[Catholic]] school for grades 1st through 12th standard in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is located on Trichy road in a three-school complex with its sister schools St. Francis and St. Marys.

==Governing body==
The school is run by FMM sisters.

==History==
St. Joseph's was founded in 1960 by Mother Mary of the passion. It attained its [[golden jubilee]] in 2010.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

In 2024, the [[Madras High Court]] issued a directive requiring state authorities to relocate the school, which has been operating on land owned by the [[Devanathaswamy temple, Thiruvanthipuram]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sivakumar |first=R |date=11 July 2025 |title=Contempt of court: Five IAS officers appear in Madras High Court, seek apology |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jul/11/contempt-of-court-five-ias-officers-appear-in-madras-high-court-seek-apology |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> St. Joseph's officials have argued that land allocated to the school at [[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu|Bhuvanagiri taluk]] is unsuitable due to lack of infrastructure such a roads and its proximity to quarries, and have requested an alternative site within {{Convert|5|km|mi}} of its current location.<ref name=":0" />

==Uniform==
The school's colors are [[maroon]] and [[white]].

School uniforms for regular days are made up of a maroon dress, black shoes, white socks and white collared shirt.
For P.T. (play time) days, the green, maroon, purple, or blue (depends on the house- Loyalty, Charity, Truth, Honor respectively) collared shirt and white socks along with a white pleated skirt and white sneakers constitute the uniform.

==Houses==
There are four houses, named after the qualities valued most by the school :
* [[Charity (virtue)|Charity]]
* [[Loyalty]]
* [[Truth]]
* [[Honor]]

==Competitions==
The school conducts inter-house competitions like mass drills, salad making, mehendi drawing, poetry and writing, etc. The House Cup was introduced in 2009.

==School hours==
The school functions on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 8.30 am to 3.20 pm, with eight 40-minute periods.

On Tuesdays and Thursdays, the school functions from 8.30 am to 4.00 pm, with theeight 40-minute periods, with an additional period for games and club activities.

==School clubs==
A few prominent ones are:
* Social-Service Club
* Eco and Pulse club
* English Literary Club
* Hindi Literary Club
* Art and Craft Club
*Tamil Literature Club
*Maths Club
* Guides
* Bulbuls
* Computer Club.
*Karate.
*Band
Every year, each club has an open exhibit, where the members showcase their talents, in the presence of an honored chief guest, connected to their club theme.

==Sports==
The school sports teams include [[basketball]], [[volleyball]] and [[athletics (sport)|athletics]]. It co-hosted the District-Level zonals in 2012.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Josephs Matriculation Higher Secondary School}}
[[Category:Franciscan high schools]]
[[Category:Catholic secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Girls' schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Primary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Schools in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1960]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Madras State]]

Maharaja

2026-02-22T13:30:48Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|Indian princely title}}
{{Redirect2|Maharaj|Maharani|the surname|Maraj|other uses|Maharani (disambiguation)|and|Maharaja (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}


'''Maharaja'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɑː|(|h|)|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|dʒ|ə}}<ref>{{OED|Maharaja}}</ref> {{respell|MAH|(h)ə|RAH|jə}}}} (also spelled '''Maharajah''' or '''Maharaj'''; {{lit|great ruler}}; feminine: '''Maharani''' or '''Maharajin''')<ref name="sharma2239">{{Cite book |last=Tej Ram Sharma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWVZWjNAcAgC |title=A |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1989 |isbn=81-7022-251-6 |quote=... Literally Maharaja means 'a great king' ...}}</ref> is a royal title in the [[Indian subcontinent]] of [[Sanskrit]] origin. In [[modern India]] and [[Medieval India|medieval northern India]], the title was equivalent to a [[prince]]. However, in late [[ancient India]] and [[History of South India|medieval south India]], the title denoted a [[king]].<ref name="Brittanica">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Maharaja | Hindu title |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://britannica.com/topic/maharaja |access-date=2021-04-17}}</ref>

The form "Maharaj" (without "-a") indicates a separation of noble and religious offices, although since in Marathi the suffix ''-a'' is silent, the two titles are near homophones. Historically, the title "Maharaja" has been used by kings since [[Vedic period|Vedic times]] and also in the second century by the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom|Indo-Greek]] rulers (such as the kings [[Apollodotus I]] and [[Menander I]])<ref>Chakravarti, N. P (1937). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.56526/page/n23/mode/2up|Epigraphia Indica Vol.24]]''. pp. 1–10.</ref> and then later by the [[Indo-Scythians]] (such as the king [[Maues]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhari.org – Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts |url=https://gandhari.org/catalog/cki0046 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=gandhari.org}}</ref> and also the [[Kushans]] as a higher ranking variant of "[[Raja]]".<ref name=Brittanica/> Eventually, during the medieval era, the title "Maharaja" came to be used by [[sovereignty|sovereign]] princes and [[vassal state|vassal]] princes, and the title "[[Maharajadhiraja]]" was used by sovereign [[king]]s. Eventually, during the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and [[British Raj|British era]]s,Maharaja too came to be used by princes, though it was used by sovereign kings as well, such as the King of Maratha.

== Etymology ==
[[File:Maharaj Ranjit Singh.jpg|thumb|[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh|Ranjit Singh]], first Maharaja of the [[Sikh Empire]]]]
The word ''Maharaja'' originates in [[Sanskrit]] and is a compound [[Sanskrit compound#Karmadhāraya (descriptive)|karmadhāraya]] term from ''mahānt-'' "great" and ''[[raja|rājan]]'' "ruler, king"). It has the Latin [[cognate]]s ''magnus'' "great" and ''rex'' "king".<ref name="samuelian2000">{{Citation |last=Thomas J. Samuelian |title=Armenian origins: an overview of ancient and modern sources and theories |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6otAQAAIAAJ |publisher=Iravunq Publishing House |quote=''... Cognate Chart Sanskrit: Maha Greek: Mega English: Much ...''}}</ref><ref name="danner1990">{{Citation |last=Horace G. Danner, Roger Noël |title=An introduction to an academic vocabulary: word clusters from Latin, Greek and German |quote=''... Mag-, great; maj-, greater; max-, greatest; IE base: meg-, yields Sanskrit maha; English much; Greek mega ...''}}</ref> Due to Sanskrit's major influence on the vocabulary of most languages in [[Greater India]] and [[Southeast Asia]], the term Maharaja is common to many modern [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] and [[Dravidian languages]]. The Sanskrit title Maharaja was originally used only for rulers who ruled a considerably large region with minor tributary rulers under them. Since medieval times, the title was used by (Hindu) monarchs of lesser states claiming descent from [[Ancient history|ancient]] maharajas.

== Indian subcontinent ==
===[[Raja]] as a ruler's title===
On the eve of [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947, the [[British Indian Empire|Indian Empire]] contained more than 600 [[princely state]]s, each with its own native ruler, often styled [[Raja]] or [[Rana (title)|Rana]] or [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] (if the ruler were [[Hinduism|Hindu]]) or [[Nawab]] (if he were [[Muslim]]), with a host of less current titles as well.

The [[British Empire|British]] directly ruled two-thirds of the [[Indian subcontinent]]; the rest was under [[indirect rule]] by the above-mentioned princes under the considerable influence of British representatives, such as [[Resident (title)|Resident]]s, at their courts.

The word Maharaja may be understood simply to mean "ruler" or "king", in spite of its literal translation as "great king". This was because only a handful of the states were truly powerful and wealthy enough for their rulers to be considered 'great' monarchs; the remaining were minor [[princely state]]s, sometimes little more than towns or groups of villages. The word, however, can also mean emperor in contemporary Indian usage.

The title of Maharaja was not as common before the gradual British colonisation of India, upon and after which many [[raja]]s and otherwise styled Hindu rulers were elevated to Maharajas, regardless of the fact that scores of these new Maharajas ruled small states, sometimes for some reason unrelated to the eminence of the state, for example, support to the British in Afghanistan, [[World War I]] or [[World War II]]. The Maharaja of Punjab in the 19th century was Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He earned this title by keeping the Britishers beyond the Sutlej and even crushed the Afghan Empire. Maharajas in the twentieth century were the Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Maharaja Jagatjit Singh]] of [[Kapurthala]]. Apart from princely states, rulers of some large and extended zamindaris were also awarded the title of Maharaja. The rulers of [[Jeypore]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Vizianagaram]], [[Parlakhemundi]] [[Gidhaur]] were a few zamindars who were titled Maharaja for their cordiality and contribution to the British Raj.
* Variations of this title include the following, each combining ''Maha-'' "great" with an alternative form of [[Raja]] 'king', so all meaning 'Great King': ''[[Maharana]]'' (as in [[Udaipur]]), ''[[Maharaj Rana]]'' (as in [[Jhalawar]]), ''[[Rawal (title)|Maharawal]]'' (as in [[Dungarpur]]/[[Jaisalmer]]), ''[[Maharawat]]'' ([[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]), ''[[Maharao]]'' (as in [[Kotah]], [[Bundi]]) and ''[[Rawal (title)|Maharaol]]'' (as in [[Baria State|Baria]]).
* ''Maharajah'' has taken on new spellings due to the time change and migration. It has even been shortened to ''Mahraj'' and ''Maraj'' but the most common is ''Maharajah'' and ''Maharaj''.
* Despite its literal meaning, unlike many other titles meaning [[Great King]], neither Maharaja nor ''Rajadhiraja'' ('[[King of Kings]]'), nor its equivalent amongst Maharajas, 'Maharajadhiraja', ever reached the standing required for imperial rank, as each was soon the object of title inflation.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Instead, the Indian title which is commonly rendered as Emperor is [[Emperor#Samrajya system|Samrat]] or Samraj(a), a personal distinction achieved only by the [[List of Maurya emperors|Mauryans]] and the [[Vakataka dynasty|Vakataka]] ruler [[Pravarasena I]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Upinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA482 |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9}}</ref> Muslim equivalent of emperor would be [[Padshah]] (of Persian origin), notably applied to the [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|Mughal dynasty]], the paramount power until the British established their raj.

{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em;"
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<gallery>
File:H.H. Maharaja Thakore Shri Sir Bhagwant Singhji Sagramji Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Gondal, GCSI, GCIE, 1911.jpg|Maharaja [[Bhagvatsinhji|Bhagvat-Singh]] of [[Gondal, India|Gondal]].
File:Maharajah of Kolhapur 1912.jpg|The [[Marathi people|Maratha]] [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu]] of [[Kolhapur]].
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File:Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda, 1919.jpg|The [[Maratha]] [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] of [[Baroda]].
File:Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma.jpg|[[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]], the Maharaja of [[Travancore]]
File:Shri Sir Nripendra Narayan, Maharaja of Cooch Behar.jpg|Maharaja [[Nripendra Narayan]] of [[Cooch Behar State|Cooch Behar]].
</gallery>
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File:Maharajah Duleep Singh dressed for a State function, c. 1875.jpg|Maharaja [[Duleep Singh]], the last Maharaja of the [[Sikh Empire]].
File:HH MAHARAJAH SIR SRI SRI VIKRAM DEV III K.C.I.E.jpg|Maharaja [[Vikram Dev III]] of [[Kingdom of Jeypore|Jeypore Samasthanam]] [[Zamindar|Estate]], [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]].
File:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar c1903.jpg|[[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]], the [[Maharaja of Mysore]]
</gallery>
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===Compound and dynastic ruler titles===
* ''Dharma-maharaja'' was the devout title (compare Rajadharma) of the rulers of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Ganga dynasty]].

In the [[Mughal Empire]] it was quite common to award to various princes (hereditary or not) a series of lofty titles as a matter of protocolary rank. The British would, as paramount power do the same.
Many of these (see also above) elaborate explicitly on the title Maharaja, in the following descending order:
* ''Maharajadhiraja Bahadur'' (or ''Maharajadhiraj Bahadur''): a title of honour, one degree higher than Maharajadhiraja.
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' (or ''Maharajadhiraj''): one degree higher than Sawai Maharaja Bahadur.
* ''Sawai Maharaja Bahadur'': a title of honour, one degree higher than Sawai Maharaja. (the term ''bahadur'', originally 'brave' in Persian, was often used for 'one-degree' higher', and 'sawai' is 'one and a quarter higher', i.e. just a step above bahadur)
* ''Sawai Maharaja'': a title of honour one degree higher than Maharaja Bahadur; as granted (directly) to the Rajas of Ajaygarh.
* ''Maharaja Bahadur'': a title of honour, one degree higher than Maharaja.

[[File:Shivaji British Museum.jpg|thumb| [[Shivaji|Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosale]]. The [[Maratha]] ruler preferred the title of [[Chhatrapati]] as against Maharaja and was the founder and sovereign of the [[Maratha Kingdom]] in India]]
[[File:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960 (restoration).png|thumb|[[Shree Panch|Sri Panch]] Bada Mahārājādhirāja [[Prithvi Narayan Shah|Prithvi Narayan Shah Dev]] of Nepal.]]
[[File:Khengarji III.jpg|thumb| His Highness Maharajadhiraj Mirza Maharao Shri Sir [[Khengarji III of Kutch|Khengarji III]] Sawai Bahadur, Rao of Kutch, GCIE, KIH]]
[[File:Maharaja_Partab_Singh_(1848_-_1925).jpg|thumb|Maharaja Sir [[Pratap Singh of Jammu and Kashmir]]]]
[[File:Palden Thondup Namgyal.jpg|thumb|Maharaja [[Chogyal]] [[Palden Thondup Namgyal]] of [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]]]]

Furthermore, there were various compound titles simply including other princely styles, such as:
* ''Maharaja [[Chatrapati]]'' in [[Satara State|Satara]], the paramount state of the [[Maratha Confederacy]]
* H.H. the ''Maharaj Rana'' of [[Jhalawar]]
* ''Maharaja-i-Rajgan'': great prince amongst princes
* ''Maharaja [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] Sahib Subah'' of [[Nagpur]], another [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] state
* ''Maharaj [[Babu (title)|Babu]]'': A [[Rajput]] title similar to Maharaja. Used by the ruling Chiefs of Hazari Estate, Dohazari of South [[Chittagong]].
* For details concerning various titles containing [[sahib]], see there

Certain Hindu dynasties even came to use a unique style, including a term which as such is not of princely rank, e.g. [[Maharaja Gaikwar]] of [[Baroda State|Baroda]], [[Maharaja Scindia|Maharaja Shinde (or later anglicised: Scindia)]] of [[Gwalior State|Gwalior]], [[Maharaja Holkar]] of Indore, three of the very highest ranking ruling [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] houses.

===Chakravarti===
[[Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)|Chakravarti]] is a [[Sanskrit]] term for "emperor". The meaning of chakravarti is "he, whose wheels (of [[Ratha|chariot]]) are moving" which symbolises that the leader who is a war hero, who commands over vast land and sea, the one who rules the people with dedication. In the Mahabharata, the [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Chakravarti Bharat]] is known to have ruled the entire sub-continent of India brought golden age to his empire. He is called as chakravarti. The wife of a Chakravartin or a female Chakravartin is called a Chakaravartini.

===Yuvaraja===
[[Yuvaraja]] means the [[crown prince]] of the kingdom or empire. He is granted with certain powers and responsibilities so that he can be prepared to take over as the Maharaja. His wife is called Yuvarani.

===Rajakumara===
Rajakumara is the son of a king who is not the heir apparent. He is conferred with certain duties or powers per the king's wishes. The daughter of a king who is not the heir apparent is called Rajakumari.

=== Maharani ===
Maharani usually denotes the wife of a Maharaja (or [[Maharana]], [[Maharao]], Maharawal) or in rare cases, in some states where it was customary, a [[Queen regnant|woman ruling without a husband]].'''<ref>Hansdev Patel (1998). ''Royal Families and Palaces of Gujarat''. Scorpion Cavendish. {{ISBN|1-900269-20-1}}.</ref>'''

===Rajamata===
In cases where a child king is crowned, the mother of the king takes charge of the kingdom and acts as a regent. Until the young king is of the age, the [[Rajmata]] ([[Queen mother]]) administers the kingdom. Famous examples include Rajamata Shetu Lakshmi Bai of Travancore dynasty, Gowri Lakshmi Bai, Maharaji (later Rajamata) Rudrama Devi of Kakatiya dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2016 |title=Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, The Feminist Queen of the House of Travancore |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/73169/sethu-lakshmi-bayi-the-ivory-throne-manu-s-pallai/ |access-date=17 April 2021 |website=Thebetterindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivas |first=Pendem |date=14 March 2016 |title=Rudramadevi History, Achievements and Administration |url=https://indiathedestiny.com/indian-kings/rudramadevi/ |access-date=17 April 2021 |website=Indiathedestiny.com}}</ref> When the king is present, the Rajamata being the mother of the king, might be given ceremonial roles. A famous Rajamata who functioned with the king is Rajamata [[Jijabai]] of the [[Maratha Kingdom]], accompanying the [[Chhatrapati]] (king).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajmata Jijau Birthplace, Sindkhed Raja | District Buldhana, Government of Maharashtra | India |url=https://buldhana.nic.in/en/tourist-place/rajmata-jijau-birthplace-sindkhed-raja/ |access-date=17 April 2021 |website=Buldhana.nic.in}}</ref>

===Noble and honorary use===
Like ''Raja'' and various other titles, ''Maharaja'' was repeatedly awarded to notables without a princely state, such as [[zamindar]]s.
* One Raja of [[Lambagraon]], a [[Jagir]] (in [[Himachal Pradesh]]) who served in the colonial army was granted personally the non-hereditary title of Maharaja of Kangra-Lambagraon and a personal 11-guns salute, so neither honour passed on to his son and heir.
* In the major, Muslim realm of [[Hyderabad and Berar]], there was a system of ennobling titles for the Nizam's courtiers, conferring a specific rank without any (e)state of their own, not unlike peerage titles without an actual fief in the UK, the highest titles for Hindu nobles being ''Maharaja Bahadur'' and ''Maharaja'', above ''Vant, Raja Rai-i-Rayan Bahadur, Raja Rai Bahadur, Raja Bahadur, Raja'' and ''[[Rai (Indian)|Rai]]''; for their Muslim counterparts there were alternative titles, the highest being [[Jah]] and [[Umara]]; e.g. the [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] (Prime Minister) [[Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad]], held such a Maharaja-title.

===Derived style for princes of the blood===
''Maharaj Kumar'' (or [[Kumar|Maharajkumar]]) means son of a Maharaja or Heir-Apparent; the female equivalent is ''Maharaj Kumari (Maharajkumari''): daughter of a Maharaja.

=== Nepal ===
[[File:Rana Bdr Shah.jpg|thumb|[[Shree Panch]] Mahārājādhirāja [[Rana Bahadur Shah]] Bahadur Shamsher Jang Devanam Sada Samaravijayinam, Sovereign King of Nepal]]
The Gorkha [[Kings of Nepal]] (now a republic) used the title of '''Mahārājādhirāja''' which was "King of Great Kings", a title of honour, a degree higher than Mahārājā.
[[Rana dynasty|Rana Prime ministers of Nepal]] used the title of [[Sri|Shree Teen]] Maharaja while the Gorkha Kings used Shree Panch Maharajadhiraja.

== Southeast Asia ==
=== Dali ===
Duan Xingzhi, the last monarch of the [[Kingdom of Dali]], submitted to the [[Mongol Empire]], and in return was enfeoffed as Maharaja (摩诃罗嵯) of Dali, continuing to rule the area (but subordinated to [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] princes and Muslim governors of Yunnan), until the [[Ming conquest of Yunnan]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Yang |first=Bin |title=Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE) |date=2008a |chapter=Chapter 3: Military Campaigns against Yunnan: A Cross-Regional Analysis |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/yang/chapter3.html |publisher=Columbia University Press}}</ref>

===Indonesia===
{{see also|History of Indonesia #Hindu-Buddhist civilisations}}
When the [[Indonesian Archipelago]] was still predominantly Hindu-Buddhist (circa 3rd century CE until the 15th century CE), all of the [[Greater India|Indianised kingdoms]] which ruled different areas of the [[Malay Archipelago|archipelago]] was ruled by a "Maharaja" or simply referred by the locals as "Raja", such as the first and oldest Hindu kingdom of Indonesia the [[Kutai|Kutai Martadipura]] in eastern [[Borneo]], the [[Tarumanegara]], the [[Srivijaya]], the [[Majapahit]] and numerous other kingdoms. Traditional titles remain in use for other members of royalty, such as [[Pangeran Ratu]] for the heir and other local-Malay titles such as "Paduka Sri". The title "Maharaja" has been used to refer to kings of ancient Indianised kingdoms, such as Maharaja [[Mulavarman]] king of [[Kutai#History|Kutai Martadipura]] and Maharaja [[Purnawarman]] king of [[Tarumanegara]].

Maharaja was also part of the titles of the nobility in the Sumatran sultanate of [[Aceh]]. In the past, the title of Maharaja is given to a leader of the unreigning noble family and the Prime Minister Maharaja Mangkubumi. The last Prime Minister of Aceh who was installed to be the Maharaja Mangkubumi, Habib Abdurrahman el Zahir, who also acted as the foreign affairs minister of Aceh but was deposed and exiled to [[Jeddah]] by the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]] authorities in October 1878.

===Malaysia===
In peninsular [[Malaysia]]:
* Maharaja was the title of the monarch of the peninsular Malay state of [[Johor]](e) from 1873 to 1885. The Arabic, Muslim title [[Sultan]], often considered of higher rank, was re-adopted later and remains in current usage.
* The title Bendahara Seri Maharaja was used by the ruler of [[Pahang]] (1623–1853 in personal union with Johor, eventually becoming a fief of the [[Bendahara]] family), till on 6 August 1882 Tuanku Ahmad al-Muadzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Tun Ali adopted the title, Sultan.

In northern [[Borneo]], the title Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of [[Pulau Gaya|Gaya]] and [[Sandakan]] was used from 29 December 1877 to 26 August 1881 by [[Baron von Overbeck]] (compare [[White Rajah]]).<ref>P. J. Rivers, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493515 The Origin of 'Sabah' and a Reappraisal of Overbeck as Maharajah]", ''Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' 77(1), 2004; pp. 79–80</ref>

The Englishman Capt. [[James Brooke]] was declared as Rajah Brooke by the [[Omar Ali Saifuddin II|Sultan of Brunei]] for his role in pacifying the Sarawak revolt against the Sultan during the Raffles' stint. The word ''Rajah'' derived from the word Maharaja. In 1842, the Sultan of Brunei ceded Sarawak to Rajah Brooke who founded the [[Kingdom of Sarawak]] and a line of dynastic monarchs known as the [[White Rajahs]].

In contemporary Malay usage, the title ''Maharaja'' refers to an [[emperor]], e.g. "''Maharaja Jepun''" ("[[Emperor of Japan]]").

=== Brunei ===
In Seri Malayas of the [[Srivijaya]], under the Srivijaya satellite empire of the [[Majapahit]] Empire dominated over the whole Malayas far-reaching the present [[Philippine Archipelago]], Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia under the Srivijaya Empire of the Majapahit King Maharaja Pamariwasa. The latter's daughter Es-kander was married to an Arab (Zein Ul-Abidin), the third Makdum who promulgated Koranic studies (Madrassahs) and was a Srivijaya ruler in Seri who were a Srivijaya Monarchy. In the 12th century with the fall of the empire, the Seri King being a Muslim established the [[Sultanate of Brunei]] in 1363 with the throne name Sultan Mohamad Shah. In 1426, he established the sultanate of sulu as his death was recorded in 1431 Mt. Makatangis Sulu grave and 1432 Brunei grave. Both Sulu and Brunei claim the honor of his grave, while his brother, a Johore (Singapore) Prince Makdum Karim (Sharif Kabungsuwan of Malabang Lanao) the second Makdum after the first one Makdum Tuan Masha'ik. Karim ul-makdum re=enforced Islam, a Srivijaya Johore ruler, later established the Sultanate of Maguindanao-Ranao (Mindanao) after taking the political authority of his father-in-law Tomaoi Aliwya of the Maguiindanao family dynasty. He adapted the title as sultan Aliwya (Sharif Kabungsuwan), the first Maguindanao Sultan. The second and third Makdum's father was Sultan Betatar of Taif Arabia who was the 9th progeny of Hasan, the grandson of prophet Sayyidina Muhammad.

=== Compound Malay titles ===
The word can also be part of titles used by [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] nobility:
* ''Maharaja Lela'' was the title of the ruler of the State of [[Naning]] (founded 1641), until it was annexed by the United Kingdom to [[Malacca]] in 1832.
Most famous was [[Bendahara]] Seri Maharaja [[Tun Mutahir of Malacca]] (executed 1509) and Datuk [[Maharaja Lela]] Pandak Lam of [[Perak]] (executed 1876).

The [[palace]] [[marshal]] of the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] (head of state) of modern [[Malaysia]] is called ''Datuk Maharaja Lela Penghulu Istana Negara''.

Eventually, Maharajah Adinda was also used to refer to a particular lineage within the royal families.

=== Thailand ===
[[File:King Rama X official (crop).png|thumb|Maha [[Vajiralongkorn]] Bodindradebayavarangkun, King of Thailand (2016–)]]
The [[King of Thailand]] has been called a "Maharaj" ({{langx|th|มหาราชา}}).

== See also ==
* [[Maha Raja Rajya Shri]]
* [[Maharajah and the Sepoys]]
* [[Uparaja]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Maharajas| ]]
[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Thai names]]
[[Category:Rajas]]
[[Category:Titles in Sri Lanka]]

Kanwar Dinesh Singh

2026-02-17T14:19:30Z

Aaron: created a bio...

{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
{{unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
}}
{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1973)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kanwar Dinesh Singh
| image = Kanwar Dinesh Singh.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1973|6|10}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| occupation = Writer, poet, haikuist
| language =
| nationality = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Himachal Pradesh University]]
| genre = Poetry, haiku, short fiction
| awards = [[Himachal]] [[Sahitya Akademi Award]]
}}

'''Kanwar Dinesh Singh''' (born 10 June 1973; also known as '''Kunwar Dinesh''') is an [[Indian literature|Indian writer]], poet, [[Haiku|haikuist]], and translator in English and Hindi from [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-12-05 |title=Kanwar Dinesh Singh: Author Profile |url=https://www.bookerworm.com/resources/authors/4195626-kanwar-dinesh-singh.html |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Bookerworm Book Reviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2002, he was awarded the Himachal [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his English poetry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Kanwar Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.boloji.com/writers/7257/kanwar-dinesh |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.boloji.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh Government |url=http://himachalpr.gov.in/OnePressRelease.aspx?Language=1&ID=42142 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=himachalpr.gov.in}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh was born in [[New Delhi]] and was brought up and educated in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कुँवर दिनेश / परिचय - Gadya Kosh - हिन्दी कहानियाँ, लेख, लघुकथाएँ, निबन्ध, नाटक, कहानी, गद्य, आलोचना, उपन्यास, बाल कथाएँ, प्रेरक कथाएँ, गद्य कोश |url=https://gadyakosh.org/gk/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_/_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF? |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=gadyakosh.org |language=hi}}</ref> Singh was influenced by the landscape and [[folklore]] of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A: Kanwar Dinesh Singh, Author of 'Within Minutes: Micro Stories' |url=https://booksandauthorsbulletin.stck.me/post/4864/Q-A-Kanwar-Dinesh-Singh-Author-of-Within-Minutes-Micro-Stories- |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Ridhi Malhotra |language=en}}</ref> His literary works, particularly his poetry, are influenced by this cultural context.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Prof Shiv |date=2023-06-25 |title=Poetry is a good source of self-satisfaction, inner peace |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/poetry-is-a-good-source-of-self-satisfaction-inner-peace-805308 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> Singh's early life was marked by a passion for literature and the arts, which led him to pursue a doctorate in English literature.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Prof Shiv |date=2023-03-05 |title=Voicing the angst of a modern lifestyle |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/voicing-the-angst-of-a-modern-lifestyle-786117 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

His academic career was influenced by his interest in Hindi and English literature, which laid the foundation for his writing career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-22 |title=The Poetry Of Walt Whitman: New Critical Perspectives |url=https://atlanticpublishing.com/products/the-poetry-of-walt-whitman-new-critical-perspectives |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Atlantic Publishing Group |language=en}}</ref> While living in Shimla, he gained appreciation for the stories and traditions of the mountainous region.<ref name=":1" />

Singh is a professor of English and principal of a government college in Shimla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanwar Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.setumag.com/2019/06/Author-Kanwar-Dinesh-Singh.html |access-date=2025-12-23}}</ref>

== Works ==
'''English poetry'''

* Implosions (1996)
* Asides (1996)
* Thinking Aloud (1999)
* The Theophany (1999)
* House Arrest (2000)
* Deuce: Haiku Poems (2001), with Patricia Prime
* The Flow of Soul (2002)
* Prospect Hill (2010)
* The Frosted Glass: Poems and Ghazals (2017)
* Epistles: Poems of Love and Longing (2018)
* Thoroughfare (2022)
* The March of Moths (2023)

'''Hindi poetry'''

* Put-bhed (2003)
* Kuhra Dhanush (2006)
* Aangan Mein Gauraiya (2013)
* Jag Raha Jugnoo (2018)
* Aalok ke Kshanon Mein (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Kanwar Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.boloji.com/writers/7257/kanwar-dinesh |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.boloji.com}}</ref>

'''Hindi short fiction'''

* Jab Tak Zinda Hain (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=au:"Kanwar Dinesh Singh" - Search Results |url=https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=au:%22Kanwar+Dinesh+Singh%22 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=search.worldcat.org}}</ref>

'''Edited work'''

* Dairon Se Pare (2022)<ref name=":0" />
* Jewels of Serendipity (2025)
'''Translated work'''
* Beyond Semblances: English Renderings of Hindi Laghukathas (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyond semblances : English renderings of Hindi laghukathas {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1409598383 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref>
* Flame of the Forest: Hindi Haiku in English Translation (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanwar Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.setumag.com/2019/06/Author-Kanwar-Dinesh-Singh.html |access-date=2025-12-23}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* Himachal [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Kanwar Dinesh Singh |url=https://www.boloji.com/writers/7257/kanwar-dinesh? |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=www.boloji.com}}</ref>
* [[Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi]] Samman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two young writers of Himachal |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/community/two-young-writers-of-himachal-18450/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sethi |first=Shiv |date=2023-08-28 |title=Knowing Kanwar Dinesh Singh, Poet of Hope and Spiritual Consciousness - The Daily Guardian |url=https://thedailyguardian.com/literature/knowing-kanwar-dinesh-singh-poet-of-hope-and-spiritual-consciousness/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250427001056/https://thedailyguardian.com/literature/knowing-kanwar-dinesh-singh-poet-of-hope-and-spiritual-consciousness/ |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2025-12-23 |work=The Daily Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Dinesh, Kanwar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{india-writer-stub}}

[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Indian translation scholars]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Ranjith Padinhateeri

2026-02-10T02:56:27Z

Aaron: stub

{{short description|Indian biological physicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ranjith Padinhateeri
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Biological physics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[University of Illinois at Chicago]] | [[Northwestern University]] | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist|[[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]] | [[University of Calicut]] | [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]] | [[Curie Institute (Paris)]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | P. B. Sunil Kumar | {{ill|Jean-François Joanny|fr}} | David Lacoste | John F. Marko }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Theoretical studies of biological phenomena
| awards = {{ublist| 2010 [[Department of Biotechnology|DBT]] Young Investigator Award|2012 IIT Mumbai Young Investigator Award|2013 [[Department of Biotechnology|DBT]] Senior Innovative Young Investigator Award|2014 [[IIT Mumbai]] Excellence in Teaching Award|2017–18 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}
'''Ranjith Padinhateeri''' is an Indian biological physicist and a professor at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]]. He is known for his biological studies using [[statistical mechanics]], [[polymer physics]], and [[soft matter]] theory. The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2017–18.

== Biography ==
[[File:IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg|thumb|left|220px|IIT Mumbai]]
Ranjith Padinhateeri, born in [[Malappuram district]] of the south Indian state of [[Kerala]], did his early schooling at
AUP School Marakkara, V. V. M. Higher Secondary School and MSM HSS Kallingalparamba before joining [[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]] to obtain a BSc in physics from the [[University of Calicut]] in 1997.<ref name="Curriculum Vitae - Ranjith Padinhateeri on IITB">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bio.iitb.ac.in/~ranjith/?page_id=89 |title=Curriculum Vitae - Ranjith Padinhateeri on IITB |date=2019-01-16 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> Moving to [[Chennai]], he earned his MSc from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]] in 2000 and continued there for his doctoral studies under the guidance of P. B. Sunil Kumar which earned him a PhD in 2005 for his thesis, ''Statistical mechanics of semiflexible polymers : A study of single filaments''. His post doctoral training, initially, were under John F. Marko at two US universities, [[University of Illinois at Chicago]] and [[Northwestern University]] from 2005 to 2007 when he moved to France to continue his training at the laboratories of Jean-Francois Joanny and David Lacoste of [[Curie Institute (Paris)|Institut Curie]] during 2007–09. He returned to India in 2009 to join the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] as an assistant professor where he served as an associate professor from 2014 and holds the position of professor since 2018 at the department of biosciences and bioengineering.<ref name="Ranjith Padinhateeri - IIT Bombay, Mumbai">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bio.iitb.ac.in/~ranjith/ |title=Ranjith Padinhateeri - IIT Bombay, Mumbai |date=2019-01-16 |language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref>

Padinhateeri is known to be involved in studies in the field of biological physics, focusing on [[cellular processes]] applying [[Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics|nonequilibrium approaches]].<ref name="Ranjith Padinhateeri - Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines">{{Cite web |url=https://theory.ncbs.res.in/ranjith-padinhateeri |title=Ranjith Padinhateeri - Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines |date=2019-01-16 |website=theory.ncbs.res.in |access-date=2019-01-16}}</ref> His approach also involves employment of tools from physics such as [[polymer physics]] and [[Soft matter|soft-matter theory]].<ref name="Ranjith Padinhateeri - IIT Bombay, Mumbai" /> He has published a number of articles;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=FWxnJn8AAAAJ&hl=en |title=Ranjith Padinhateeri - Google Scholar Citations |date=2019-01-15 |website=scholar.google.com |access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 34 of them.<ref name="Ranjith Padinhateeri's research works ">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/56653247_Ranjith_Padinhateeri |title=Ranjith Padinhateeri's research works |date=2019-01-15 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref> He is the Professor-in-charge at the [https://www.kcdh.iitb.ac.in Koita Centre for Digital Health], IIT Bombay, since 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=KCDH Leadership |url=https://www.kcdh.iitb.ac.in/people/kcdh-team/kcdh-leadership |website=Koita Centre for Digital Health |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for him contributions to biosciences, in 2017–18.<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/list-of-selected-awardees-for-NBA-2017amp-2018.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2019 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232523/http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/list-of-selected-awardees-for-NBA-2017amp-2018.pdf }}</ref> He is also a recipient of Innovative Young Investigator Award of the Department of Biotechnology (2009-2010), IIT Mumbai Young Investigator Award (2012), Senior Innovative Young Investigator Award, Department of Biotechnology (2013), and Excellence in Teaching Award of IIT Mumbai (2014).<ref name="Curriculum Vitae - Ranjith Padinhateeri on IITB" />

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Padinhateeri |first1=Ranjith |last2=Das |first2=Dibyendu |last3=Bameta |first3=Tripti |date=2018-06-01 |title=Coupling of replisome movement with nucleosome dynamics can contribute to the parent–daughter information transfer |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |language=en |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=4991–5000 |doi=10.1093/nar/gky207 |issn=0305-1048 |pmc=6007630 |pmid=29850895}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Jha |first1=Narendra Nath |last2=Ranganathan |first2=Srivastav |last3=Kumar |first3=Rakesh |last4=Mehra |first4=Surabhi |last5=Panigrahi |first5=Rajlaxmi |last6=Navalkar |first6=Ambuja |last7=Ghosh |first7=Dhiman |last8=Kumar |first8=Ashutosh |last9=Padinhateeri |first9=Ranjith |date=2018-02-06 |title=Complexation of NAC-Derived Peptide Ligands with the C-Terminus of α-Synuclein Accelerates Its Aggregation |journal=Biochemistry |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=791–804 |doi=10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01090 |pmid=29286644 |issn=0006-2960}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Padinhateeri |first1=Ranjith |last2=Das |first2=Dibyendu |last3=Bameta |first3=Tripti |title=Coupling of replisome movement with nucleosome dynamics can contribute to the parent–daughter information transfer |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |date=2018 |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=4991–5000 |doi=10.1093/nar/gky207 |pmid=29850895 |pmc=6007630 |language=en |biorxiv=10.1101/154559}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Padinhateeri |first1=Ranjith |last2=Das |first2=Dibyendu |last3=Inamdar |first3=Mandar M. |last4=Jain |first4=Ishutesh |last5=Bajpai |first5=Gaurav |date=2017-01-30 |title=Binding of DNA-bending non-histone proteins destabilizes regular 30-nm chromatin structure |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |article-number=e1005365 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005365 |issn=1553-7358 |pmc=5305278 |pmid=28135276|bibcode=2017PLSCB..13E5365B |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kar |first1=Rajesh Kumar |last2=Kharerin |first2=Hungyo |last3=Padinhateeri |first3=Ranjith |last4=Bhat |first4=Paike Jayadeva |date=2017-01-06 |title=Multiple Conformations of Gal3 Protein Drive the Galactose-Induced Allosteric Activation of the GAL Genetic Switch of Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |volume=429 |issue=1 |pages=158–176 |doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.005 |pmid=27913116 |issn=0022-2836|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2015/11/18/032136.full.pdf }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nucleosome]]
* [[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India||Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://medium.com/@ranjith.padinhateeri/finding-good-students-to-work-with-us-eeb76ff747a6 |title=Finding " good" students to work with us… |last=Padinhateeri |first=Ranjith |date=2018-05-14 |website=Ranjith Padinhateeri |access-date=2019-01-15}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://dblp.org/pers/hd/p/Padinhateeri:Ranjith |title=dblp: Ranjith Padinhateeri |date=2019-01-15 |website=dblp.org |language=en |access-date=2019-01-15}}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padinhateeri, Ranjith}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:University of Calicut alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Bombay]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]

Nazim Panipati

2026-02-08T18:05:36Z

Aaron: Made pg...

{{short description|Pakistani poet and film songs lyricist (1920 - 1998)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nazim Panipati
| birth_name = Nazim
| birth_date = 1920
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date|df=yes|1998|6|18}} (aged 77–78)
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| occupation = [[Poet]], film [[songwriter]]
| known for = Introducing several stars to the [[Indian Film Industry]]
| relatives = Veteran film producer/director Walli Sahib (brother)
}}

'''Nazim Panipati''' (1920 – 18 June 1998) was a [[film]] [[song]] [[lyricist]] and film script writer in the [[India]]n and [[Pakistan]]i film industries during the 1940s and 1950s.

==Early life==
Nazim was born in 1920 in [[Lahore]]. He was a brother of filmmaker ''Mohammad Wali'' (better known as '''Wali Sahib''') in India and Pakistan.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news|url=http://www.pransikand.com/telegraph90.htm |title=COVER STORY: THE GOOD BAD MAN (Nazim Panipati/Wali Sahib and actor Pran)|newspaper=The Telegraph magazine|date=April 1990|access-date=13 April 2024|archive-date=2 October 2023|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002173215/http://www.pransikand.com/telegraph90.htm}}</ref><ref name=cinemaazi/>

==New talent introductions==
Nazim Panipati wrote more than two hundred songs for [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi (language)|Punjabi]] language films. The first song of Indian singer [[Lata Mangeshkar]]'s career, 'Dil Mera Tora, Mujhe Kahin Ka Na Chora, Tere Pyar Ne', music by [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] for the film Majboor (1948), was also written by Panipati. This song became popular throughout India.<ref name=cinemaazi/> At that time, Master Ghulam Haider had told Nazim Panipati that this unknown girl (Lata Mangeshkar) was destined to become a great singer of India after [[Noor Jehan]].<ref name=glamsham>{{cite web|website= glamsham.com website|date=27 September 2013|url=https://www.glamsham.com/en/who-is-lata-mangeshkars-godfather |title=Who is Lata Mangeshkar's Godfather?|access-date=13 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906055707/https://glamsham.com/bollywood/news/who-is-lata-mangeshkars-godfather|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 September 2023|author=P. Nidhi}}</ref><ref name=PPF/>

In 1939, Nazim Panipati and his film producer/director brother Walli Sahib first persuaded [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] to become a film actor in Lahore, due to his good looks, after Wali Sahib spotted him at Lakshmi Chowk, Lahore at a ''Paan Shop''. Pran was reluctant and disbelieving, at first, at the offer. Pran (birth name was Pran Krishan Sikand, born in Delhi in a Hindu Punjabi family) could not speak proper Punjabi language at that time because he was raised in Delhi where his father worked. Wali Sahib was offering him to act in a Punjabi film [[Yamla Jat]] (1940). So Pran's Punjabi-language skills were polished up by Wali Sahib's songwriter brother Nazim Panipati. Pran later went on to become a big film star.<ref name=Telegraph/><ref name=PPF/><ref name=cinemaazi/>

Nazim Panipati also introduced actress [[Vyjayanthimala]] (she was from South India, Nazim Panipati taught her Urdu language for films). In addition to them, he also introduced comedian [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]] and [[Helen (dancer)|Helen]] to the [[Indian Film Industry]].<ref name=PPF>{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/the-starmaker/ |title=The starmaker (Nazim Panipati, a poet and a lyricist, groomed several film stars of the subcontinent)|author=Mohammad Javed Pasha|date=24 June 2012|publisher=Pakistan Press Foundation website|access-date=13 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906054157/https://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/the-starmaker/ |archive-date=6 September 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=cinemaazi/>

==Career in Pakistan==
In 1953, Nazim Panipati migrated to [[Pakistan]]. Film [[Guddi Gudda]] (1956) was his first [[Pakistani]] film which was produced and directed by his brother Wali Sahib. Famous Pakistani film playback singer [[Saleem Raza (singer)|Saleem Raza]] and Nazim Panipati also had both worked together at an advertising agency in Lahore for some time. In the mid 1960s, he joined [[Pakistan Television Corporation]] and wrote songs for a musical programme named ''Jhankar''.<ref name=PPF/><ref name=cinemaazi/>

==Death==
Nazim Panipati died on 18 June 1998 in [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]]. He was buried in the [[Model Town, Lahore]] graveyard.<ref name=PPF/><ref name=cinemaazi/>

==Notable films==
Nazim Panipati's major films as a songwriter are:
* ''[[Yamla Jat]]'' (1940) - actor [[Pran (actor)|Pran]]'s debut film<ref name=Telegraph/><ref name=cinemaazi/>
* ''[[Dulla Bhatti]]'' (1940)
* ''[[Khazanchi (1941 film)|Khazanchi]]'' (1941)
* ''[[Khandan (1942 film)|Khandan]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Mangti]]'' (1942)- A Punjabi language film
* ''[[Zamindar]]'' (1942)<ref name=cinemaazi/>
* ''[[Naukar (1943 film)]]''<ref name=cinemaazi/>
* ''[[Poonji]]'' (1943)
* ''Shirin Farhad'' (1945)<ref name=cinemaazi/>
* ''Doli'' (1947)
* ''Majboor'' (1948)<ref name=glamsham/>
* ''Roomal'' (1949)
* ''[[Sheesh Mahal (1950 film)|Sheesh Mahal]] (1950)''<ref name=cinemaazi>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/people/nazim-panipati |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204053930/https://www.cinemaazi.com/people/nazim-panipati
|title=Profile and filmography of Nazim Panipati|website=Cinemaazi.com website|access-date=13 April 2024|archive-date=4 December 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=PPF/>
* ''Zamane Ki Hawa'' (1952)
* ''Danka'' (1954)
* ''Lakht-E-Jigar'' (1956)- A Pakistani film
* ''[[Guddi Gudda]]'' (1956) - A Pakistani film in the Punjabi language
* ''Aaina'' (1966 film)<ref name=PPF/>
* ''Insaniyat'' (1967 film)<ref name=PPF/>

==Notable songs==
Popular songs of Nazim Panipati as a lyricist:
* ''Aai Hai Diiwaalii Sakhi Aai Sakhi Aai Re''- film ''[[Sheesh Mahal (1950 film)|Sheesh Mahal]]'' (1950) music : ''[[Vasant Desai]]''
* ''Dil Mera Tora, Mujhe Kahin Ka Na Chora Tere Pyar Ne''- film ''Majboor (1948)'' music by [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]<ref name=PPF/>
* ''Dilli Ki Galiyon Mein''- film ''Doli'' (1947) music by [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammad]]
* ''Ham Hain Dukhiya Is Duniya Mein... Koi Jaage Koi Soey''- film ''[[Jag Biti]]'' (1946) music by [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]
* ''Merii Mitti Ki Duniya Nirali''- film ''[[Sham Savera]]'' (1946) music by [[Amar Nath]] (aka Pandit Amarnath)
* ''Suno Suno Kaise Kah Doon Bajariyaa Ke Beech''- film ''Ladli'' (1949) music by ''[[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]''
* ''Wo Akhiyan Mila Kar Chale Gaye''- film ''Roomal'' (1949) music by [[Hansraj Behl]]
* ''Aahen Tadap Rahi Hain, Haath Badhaae Chand Ko''- film ''Lakht-e-Jigar'' (1956) music by [[Ghulam Ahmed Chishti]]
* ''Chanda Ki Nagri Se Aaja Ri Nindiya''- a popular 'lori' song from film ''Lakht-e-Jigar'' (1956) music by [[Ghulam Ahmed Chishti]]<ref name=PPF/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
* [http://smriti.com/hindi-songs/name-nazim-panipati Songs of Nazim Panipati as a lyricist - Smriti.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165701/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/nazim-panipati-70723/full-filmography Filmography of Nazim Panipati on cinestaan.com website - Archived]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panipati, Nazim}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Pakistani lyricists]]
[[Category:Pakistani male songwriters]]
[[Category:Pakistani songwriters]]
[[Category:Urdu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Lahore]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani screenwriters]]
[[Category:People from Panipat]]

Andaleeb Wajid

2026-02-08T12:10:30Z

Aaron: adding

{{Short description|English-language Indian novelist}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Andaleeb Wajid
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
|occupation = Writer
|caption = Andaleeb Wajid
|image = Andaleeb_Wajid.jpg
|alma_mater = [[Jyoti Nivas College]]
|known_for = The Tamanna Trilogy 
More Than Just Biryani
}}

'''Andaleeb Wajid''' is a [[Bangalore]]-based writer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Day: Writing is like breathing for me. I have to do it, says Andaleeb Wajid |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/interview/womens-day-writing-is-like-breathing-for-me-i-have-to-do-it-says-andaleeb-wajid-8205851.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Moneycontrol |date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title='My husband died of Covid-19. To channel my pain, I went back to writing the novel I had started' |url=https://scroll.in/article/999803/my-husband-died-of-covid-19-to-channel-my-pain-i-went-back-to-writing-the-novel-i-had-started |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Scroll.in |date=10 July 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-19 |title=Writing for herself |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/writing-for-herself/article2467654.ece |access-date=2023-01-27 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=More Than Just Biryani, By Andaleeb Wajid |url=https://www.womensweb.in/articles/more-than-just-biryani-andaleeb-wajid/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Women's Web: For Women Who Do |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
She began writing at age 10, and studied at [[Baldwin Girls' High School|Baldwin Girls High School]] before joining [[Jyoti Nivas College]]. She is married and has two sons.

== Bibliography ==

=== Novels ===
*''Kite Strings'' (2009)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title=Kite strings |date=2009 |publisher=Cedar Books |isbn=978-81-223-1083-2 |location=New Delhi |oclc=456521409}}</ref>
*''Blinkers Off'' (2011) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Salam |title=Blinkers off. |date=2011 |publisher=The Times Group Books |isbn=978-93-80942-33-9 |edition=First ed., 2011 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=941027589}}</ref>
*''My Brothers Wedding'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title=My brother's wedding |date=2013 |publisher=Rupa Publications India |isbn=978-81-291-2399-2 |location=New Delhi |oclc=843540001}}</ref>
*''More than just biryani'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title=More than just biryani |date=2014 |isbn=978-93-81506-40-0 |location=New Delhi |oclc=875365579}}</ref>
*''The Tamanna Trilogy'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-21 |title=In the pages of a book |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-the-pages-of-a-book/article6033310.ece |access-date=2023-01-27 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
*''When she went away'' (2016)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title=When she went away |date=2015 |isbn=978-93-83331-23-9 |location=Chennai |oclc=945955408}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-27 |title=When She Went Away |url=https://www.varshaseshan.com/when-she-went-away/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Varsha Seshan's Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref>
*''Asmara's summer'' (2016)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wajid |first=Andaleeb |title=Asmara's summer |date=2016 |isbn=978-0-14-342540-3 |location=Gurgaon |oclc=945718501}}</ref>
* ''Twenty-Nine Going on Thirty''<ref>{{Cite book |last=WAJID |first=ANDALEEB |title=TWENTY-NINE GOING ON THIRTY. |date=2018 |publisher=PENGUIN Books INDIA |isbn=978-0-14-344118-2 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=1028585642}}</ref>
* ''House of Screams'' (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Web |first=Women's |date=2018-11-14 |title=Those Screams Inside The House At Night... What Were They? |url=https://www.womensweb.in/2018/11/house-of-screams-andaleeb-wajid-excerpt-nov18wk3sr/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Women's Web: For Women Who Do |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [http://rupapublications.co.in/authors/andaleeb-wajid/ Andaleeb Wajid] at [[Rupa Publications]]
* [https://penguin.co.in/book_author/andaleeb-wajid/ Andaleeb Wajid] at [[Penguin India]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wajid, Andaleeb}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Writers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Jyoti Nivas College]]

Three pillars of Sikhism

2025-12-12T20:10:53Z

Aaron: minor rework content as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{short description|Precepts of the Sikh religion}}

{{Sikh practices}}
{{SikhBeliefs}}
The '''Three pillars of Sikhism''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਥੰਮ੍ਹਾਂ), also called '''three duties''',<ref name=":1" /> were formalised by [[Guru Nanak]] Dev Ji as:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://sikhgurdwaradc.org/sikh-pillars/|title=The Three Pillars of Sikhism|website= Sikh Gurdwara DC|language=en|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>

#[[Naam Japo]]: The Guru led the Sikhs directly to practice [[Simran (Sanskrit word)|Simran]] and [[Naam Japo]]—meditation on God and reciting and chanting of God's Name—[[Waheguru]]. The Sikh is to recite the [[Nitnem]] [[Gurbani|banis]] daily in remembrance of the grace and kirpa of the Almighty.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|title= The Three Key Pillars|year= 2017|pmc= 5434732|language=en|last1= Priya|first1= G.|last2= Kalra|first2= S.|last3= Dardi|first3= I. K.|last4= Saini|first4= S.|last5= Aggarwal|first5= S.|last6= Singh|first6= R.|last7= Kaur|first7= H.|last8= Singh|first8= G.|last9= Talwar|first9= V.|last10= Singh|first10= P.|last11= Saini|first11= B. J.|last12= Julka|first12= S.|last13= Chawla|first13= R.|last14= Bajaj|first14= S.|last15= Singh|first15= D.|journal= Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume= 21|issue= 3|pages= 453–459|doi= 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_52_17|pmid= 28553604|doi-access= free}}</ref>
#[[Kirat Karo]]: He asked the Sikhs to live as householders and practice [[Kirat Karo]]: to honestly earn, with hard work, by one's physical and mental effort, while accepting God's gifts and blessing. One is to speak the truth at all times. Live a life of decency, high moral values and spirituality.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml|title= Sikh beliefs |website= BBC|language=en|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>
#[[Vaṇḍ Chakkō]]: The Sikhs were asked to share (the food, Wealth etc.) with everyone, Irrespective of caste, creed, color or sexuality by practising [[Vaṇḍ Chakkō]]—“Share and Consume together”. The community or [[Sadh Sangat]] is an important part of [[Sikhism]]. One must be part of a community that is pursuing the values set out by the [[Sikh Gurus]] and every Sikh has to give in whatever way possible to the community. This spirit of '''Giving''' is an important message from [[Guru Nanak]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/three-pillars-sikhi|title= The Three Key Pillars of Sikhi|website= Sikh Net|date= 28 September 2009|language=en|access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The three pillars of Sikhism were evoked by the [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal's]] ''[[Anandpur Sahib Resolution]]'' in 1973 as the base principles to lead the Sikh community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurharpal |title=Sikh Nationalism |last2=Shani |first2=Giorgio |date=Nov 25, 2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781009213448 |pages=222–228 |chapter=Appendix: Anandpur Sahib Resolution}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sikhism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Three Pillars Of Sikhism}}
[[Category:Sikh practices]]

{{Sikhism-stub}}

Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota

2025-12-01T22:04:48Z

Aaron:

{{short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
'''Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota''' was the former [[Director General of Police|DGP]] and State Police Chief of Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IPS officer Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota gets additional charge of Punjab DGP|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/ips-officer-iqbal-preet-singh-sahota-gets-additional-charge-of-punjab-dgp20210925165215|website=www.aninews.in|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/punjab-cm-reiterates-curtailing-vvip-163708513.html | title=Punjab CM reiterates on curtailing VVIP culture, directs police to deploy minimum personnel with him | date=29 September 2021 }}</ref> He was the third Dalit Chief of Punjab Police since Independence.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/after-first-dalit-cm-punjab-gets-a-dalit-dgp-its-third-since-independence/741411/ | title=After first Dalit CM, Punjab gets a Dalit DGP — its third since Independence | website=[[ThePrint]] | date=28 September 2021 }}</ref>

==Professional and personal life==
Mr. Sahota is a native of Jalandhar<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/ips-officer-iqbal-preet-singh-sahota-gets-additional-charge-of-punjab-dgp/articleshow/86522167.cms | title=IPS officer Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota gets additional charge of Punjab DGP | newspaper=The Times of India | date=26 September 2021 }}</ref> and born in [[Ravidassia]] family. His father was a deceased bureaucrat, Mr. NS Sahota.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://yespunjab.com/rich-tributes-paid-to-dgp-sahotas-father-on-his-2nd-death-anniversary/ | title=Rich tributes paid to DGP Sahota's father on his 2nd Death Anniversary | date=20 July 2019 }}</ref> He is a 1988 batch IPS and has served in various capacities, from the rank of ACP to DGP, during his around 34-year-long stint in police service. Master's in political science, Sahota served as SSP Hoshiarpur, Tarn Taran, Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib, Amritsar Rural, and Barnala and also remained the Commandant of the 1st IRB. He also held significant responsibilities as DIG at Patiala, Ferozepur, and the Border Range.
He also served as IG at the [[Punjab State Human Rights Commission]], Commando Training Centre, Bahadurgarh, Lokpal Punjab Border Range Amritsar, Punjab Police Headquarters, etc. He was also awarded the [[President's Police Medal|Police Medal for Gallantry]], the Kathin Seva Medal, the police medal for meritorious services, and the police medal for distinguished service in various capacities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/iqbal-preet-singh-sahota-gets-additional-charge-of-punjab-dgp-101632559095823.html | title=Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota gets additional charge of Punjab DGP | date=25 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/special-dgp-iqbal-preet-singh-sahota-retires-428082|title=Special DGP Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota retires : The Tribune India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Union Public Service Commission]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Chiefs of police]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:People from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Ravidassia]]

{{PunjabIN-politician-stub}}

Tirodi copper plates

2025-10-13T16:32:30Z

Aaron: created a page

The '''Tiroḍī copper plates''' are an epigraphic record of the [[Vakataka|Vākāṭaka]] dynasty, documenting a land donation to a brāhmaṇa in the reign king [[Pravarasena II]] in the fifth century CE. They were acquired by T. A. Wellsted at [[Tirodi]] in District [[Balaghat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].

==Location==
'''Tiroḍī''' is located eight miles south-east of Katangi in the Balaghat district of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. According to historian [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]], the donated village of Kosambakhaṇḍa mentioned in the inscription is represented by the modern Kosamba (coordinates: 21° 38' 0" North, 79° 39' 0" East).<ref>Ajay Mitra Shastri, ''Vākāṭakas: Sources and History'' (Delhi, 1997), p. 27.</ref> The original plates are at the [[Nagpur Central Museum|Central Museum]], [[Nagpur]]. An inked impression on paper is in the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database.aspx | title=Collection }}</ref>

==Publication==
The Tiroḍī copper-plate charter was read and published by [[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi|V. V. Mirashi]] in 1963.<ref>V. V. Mirashi, ''Inscriptions of the Vākāṭakas'', CII 5 (Ootacamund, 1963), available online at https://archive.org/details/corpusinscriptio014677mbp. Further comments on the charter were published by Ajay Mitra Shastri, ''Vākāṭakas: Sources and History,'' pp. 27-8.</ref>

==Description and Contents==
The Tiroḍī copper-plate charter consists of a series of copper plates with a seal. The text of the inscription is [[Sanskrit]] throughout. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by [[Pravarasena II]], of the village [[Kosambakhaṇḍa]] to a person named Varuṇārya of the Harkari ''[[gotra]]''.{{sfn|Shrimali|1992|p=150}} He belonged to the [[Atharvaveda]] and was master of the three [[Vedas]]. The grant is dated on the twelfth day of the dark half of the month of Māgha during the 23rd year of donor's reign. The charter was written by Navamidāsa who is styled ''rajyādhikṛta'' or state officer.
[[File:Tirodi seal.jpg|thumb|right|Seal of Pravarasena II]]

==Metrics==
The seal carries a verse in anuṣṭubh metre.

==Translation==
Seal.
A charter of king Pravarasêna, the ornament of the Vâkâtakas, who has attained royal dignity by, inheritance, (is) a charter for (the observance of even his) enemies!

==See also==
*[[Indian inscriptions]]
*[[South Indian Inscriptions]]
*[[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Shrimali |first=K M |title=Proceedings Of The Indian History Congress 52nd Session |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.170000 |publisher=Amrit Printing Works |location=New Delhi |year=1992 }}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.maplandia.com/india/maharashtra/nagpur/kosamba/ Location of Kosamba according maplandia]
* [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/state_formation_in_early_india/inscriptions_and_sites.aspx British Museum Research Project : ''Politics, Ritual and Religion'' : Epigraphic Findspots]

[[Category:Vākāṭaka inscriptions]]
[[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions in India]]

Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri

2025-09-30T20:49:19Z

Aaron: small fix

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{distinguish|Aashiq Elahi Meerthi}}
{{Infobox religious biography |religion=[[Islam]]
|name = Aashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri
|image = Ashiq Ilahi Bulandshahri.png
|birth_date = 1925
|birth_place = [[Bulandshahr]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date = {{death year and age|2002|1925}}
|death_place = [[Medina]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
| resting_place = [[al-Baqi']]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
| alma_mater = [[Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur]]
| main_interests = [[Tafsir]], [[Hadith]]
|notable_works= Anwar-ul-Bayan, Zaadut Talibin
|teachers =[[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]]
|disciple_of= [[Talha Kandhlawi]]
}}
{{Deobandi}}
'''Muḥammad ‘Āshiq Ilāhī Bulandshahrī Muhājir Madanī''' (''Muḥammad ‘Āshiq Ilāhī al-Baranī al-Madanī'') was a prominent [[India]]n [[Islamic scholar]]. He was a notable student of [[Zakariyya Kandhlawi]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last1=Sulaiman |first1=A. F. M. |title=Indian Contributions to Arabic Literature: A Study on Mohd Rabe Hasani Nadwi |date=2011 |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Assam University |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/92992 |page=56–57 |journal=University |hdl=10603/92992 |via=Shodhganga}}</ref>

==Biography==
Ashiq Ilahi was born in [[Bulandshahr]], [[United Provinces of British India]] in 1924 or 1925 (1343 [[anno hegirae|AH]]). {{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} He graduated from [[Mazahir Uloom]] in 1363 [[Hijri year|AH]].<ref name="shahid">{{Citation|author1=Shāhid Sahāranpuri|title=Ulama e Mazahir Uloom aur unki Ilmi wa tasnīfi khidmāt|volume=1|date=2005|publisher=Maktaba Yādgār-e-Shaykh |location=Saharanpur |edition=2005 |language=ur |pages=318}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Mazharul Islam Osman |title=Student life of 100 famous Ulama-Mashaykhs |publisher=Bud Comprint and Publications |year=2015 |edition=3rd |location=[[Bangla Bazar]] |pages=148 |language=bn}} {{Listed Invalid ISBN|98483916605}}</ref> He was an authorized disciple of [[Talha Kandhlawi]] in Sufism.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saharanpuri|first=Muhammad Shahid|title=Maulana Muhammad Talha Kandhlawi: Ek Zakir-o-Zahid Shakhsiyyat|url=https://archive.org/details/maulana-muhammad-talha-kandhlawi-ek-zakir-o-zahid-shakhsiyyat_202408 |edition=1st|year=2020|page=239|publisher=Maktaba Yadgar-e-Shaikh|location=[[Saharanpur]]|lang=ur}}</ref>

After completing his education, Ashiq Ilahi taught at various Indian [[madrasas]] and moved to [[Pakistan]] at the request of [[Muhammad Shafi]] in 1384 AH.<ref name="shahid"/> He taught [[tafsir]] and [[hadith]] for twelve years at the [[Darul Uloom Karachi]].<ref name="shahid"/> He later moved to [[Medina]] in 1396 AH <ref name="shahid"/> (1976 CE) where he died in 1422 AH (2002 CE). He was buried in [[al-Baqi']]. {{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Literary works==
His works include:
*''Tohfa-e-Khawateen''.
*''Marne Ke Baad Kya Hōga?''
*''Islami Adab''.
*''Huququl Walidayn''.
*''[[Anwar Ul Bayan]]'' (5 volume [[Urdu]] commentary of the Qur'an translated to English by Mufti Afzal Hoosen Elias).<ref name="AnwarulBayan">{{cite web |title=Illuminating Discourses on The Noble Quran (5 Vol. Set) Arabic/English by Maulana Ashiq Elahi (Rah) |url=https://idarastore.com/illuminating-discourses-on-the-noble-quran-5-vol-set-arabic/english-by-maulana-ashiq-elahi-rah.html |website=idarastore.com |publisher=Islamic Book Service |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
*''Zadut Talibin'' (Translated to English by [[Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera]], he also wrote its commentary).<ref name="MuftiARM">{{cite web |title=Provisions for the Seekers |url=http://www.whitethreadpress.com/provisions-for-the-seekers/ |website=WhiteThreadPress.com |publisher=White Thread Press |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
*''Al Fawa’idul Saniyya fi Sharhul Arba'een un Nawawiyya''.
*''At Tashil ud Daruri fi Masa’ilul Quduri''.

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashiq Ilahi}}
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr]]
[[Category:1920s births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Mazahir Uloom alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

The Big Chill Cafe

2025-09-29T08:42:09Z

Aaron: cleaned up article also and cleaned formatting

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox restaurant
| name = Big Chill Cafe
| image =
| image_width =
| image_caption =
| slogan =
| logo = The Big Chill Cafe.svg
| logo_width =
| established = 2000
| current_owner = Aseem Grover & Fawzia Ahmed
| head_chef =
| food_type = enterprise and café food<ref>[http://www.livemint.com/2008/03/17004301/Chef8217s-Delight---Taking.html?pg=1 Chef’s Delight | Taking on the stars] [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]], 17 March 2008.</ref>
| dress_code =
| rating =
| city = New Delhi
| state = Delhi
| PIN =
| country = India
| seating_capacity =
| reservations =
| other_locations = [[Kailash Colony]], [[Khan Market]], [[Saket]], [[Vasant Kunj]], [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]], [[Noida]], [[Gurgaon]]
| other_information = 12:00 pm – 11:30 pm
| website =
}}

'''''The Big Chill Cafe''''' is a chain of cafes located in New Delhi, the capital of India. The cafe is owned by Aseem Grover and Fawzia Ahmed. The cafe started out in 2000 with its first outlet in East of Kailash, an area in [[South Delhi]], with [[Italian cuisine]] and an ice cream cafe. Presently, it has seven outlets, one in [[Kailash Colony]] market, the original East of Kaliash outlet was closed, three in [[Khan Market]] including the newly opened The Big Chill Cakery, one in DLF Promenade, Vasant Kunj, [[Saket District Centre#DLF Place|DLF Place, Saket]], Connaught Place and one in [[DLF Mall of India]], Noida.
The newest one opened in Ardee City Mall (Sector 52, Gurgaon) making it the first one ever in Gurgaon. It is great competition towards other restaurants and cafes. It is a widely known restaurant all over Delhi and is famous for its grilled dishes, pasta, pizza, ice cream and cheesecakes.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/The_Sunday_ET/Consumer_Life/Delhis_Khan_market_Foodies_Delight/articleshow/2788780.cms Delhi's Khan market: Foodies' Delight] [[The Economic Times]], 17 February 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2005/nov/15pasta.htm Chill with spicy Italian treats] [[Rediff.com]], 15 November 2005.</ref>

The interior of the cafe has been designed to give a slightly retro look.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090820084848/http://www.asiaone.com/Travel/Globe%2BTrekkers/Wanderlust/Story/A1Story20070630-16747.html Of course, if you are feeling like a big snack, just walk across to the Big Chill, which has a range of Western food....] Travel- www.asiaone.com., 30 May 2007.</ref> The walls are adorned with framed posters of classic films like ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' and ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]''. The cafe attracts a fairly eclectic crowd. The cafe presently has a turnover of 14 million.<ref>[http://www.outlookmoney.com/scripts/IIH021C1.asp?sectionid=10&categoryid=48&articleid=5615 OutlookMoney.com, 17 May 2005]{{Dead link|date=June 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Taste-managing-a-business-idea/95137/ Taste managing a business idea] at [[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090503054326/http://www.restrobar.com/india/new-delhi/The-Big-Chill-1.html The Big Chill in New Delhi]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?sourceid=navclient-ff&rlz=1B3GGGL_enIN297IN297&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=The+Big+Chill+Cafe,+Delhi&fb=1&split=1&view=text&latlng=14977194292150929813 The Big Chill Cafe, Khan Market] at [[Google Maps]]

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Big Chill Cafe}}
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2000]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Delhi]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 2000]]

{{Asia-restaurant-stub}}

Ajay Nanda

2025-09-22T07:42:46Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
'''Ajay Nanda''' (born 1967)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was an MLA from [[Reasi Assembly constituency]] in [[Reasi district]]. He won the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly election winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/jammu-and-kashmir/story/jammu-kashmir-election-winners-list-assembly-polls-results-bjp-congress-pdp-nc-232557-2014-12-23 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Ajay Nanda has served as the Minister of State for Finance and Planning, Information Technology, Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, CA and PD, Tribal Affairs, Relief & Rehabilitation, and Labour and Employment during the [[Mehbooba Mufti ministry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammu check full list here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/jammu-check-full-list-here/1151469/#:~:text=Ajay%20Nanda%3A%20Food%2C%20Civil%20Supplies%20%26%20Consumer%20Affairs%2C%20Finance%2C%20Planning%2C%20Law%20%26%20Justice%2C%20Relief%20%26%20Rehabilitation%2C%20Labour%20%26%20Employment%2C%20Agriculture%2C%20Floriculture%20and%20Horticulture |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

He was dropped by the BJP for the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-27 |title=Big names dropped, BJP goes with the same, ‘cancelled’, J-K candidate list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjp-names-candidates-jk-assembly-polls-9535774/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Nanda is from [[Reasi]], Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of late Madhav Lal Nanda.<ref name="ceojk">{{cite web|url=https://ceojk.nic.in/LAEAFF2014/AC58AFF/AjayNanda.pdf|title= FORM-2A {{pipe}} Nomination Paper {{pipe}} Election to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|access-date=2024-09-23}}</ref> He completed his BSc and later did LLB in 1994 at [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]], Meerut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ajay Nanda(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- REASI(REASI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=188 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Nanda won from Reasi Assembly constituency representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 22,017 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Saraf Singh, an independent candidate, by a margin of 1,887 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reasi Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Reasi Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/jammu-kashmir-assembly-election/reasi-constituency/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Ajay}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:People from Reasi district]]

Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi

2025-09-22T03:51:27Z

Aaron: created a info

{{More citations needed|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Family drama]]
| creator = Shashi Mittal Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal
| based_on =
| director = Vikram Ghai K.K.Chauhan
| writer =
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Neil Bhatt]] [[Kabeer Kumar]] [[Sreejita De]] [[Chandni Bhagwanani]] [[Vineet Raina]] [[Dimple Jhangiani]] [[Ravjeet Singh]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 128
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| producer = [[Shashi Mittal]] [[Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal]]
| location = [[Agra]] [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]
| channel = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2015|05|11}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2015|10|30}}
}}

'''''Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi''''' is an Indian television series that aired from 11 May to 30 October 2015 on [[Zee TV]]. The show starred [[Neil Bhatt]], [[Kabeer Kumar]], [[Sreejita De]] and [[Chandni Bhagwanani|Chandini Bhagwanani]] in lead roles.

''Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi'' is set in [[Agra]] and revolves around the Pethewala family and how they live as a joint family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/joint-family-the-hero/article7081087.ece|title=Joint family the hero|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 April 2015|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref>

The show began with the working title ''Pethawala'' before being renamed ''Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-new-tv-shows-to-roll-in-2015-2049633|title=New TV shows to roll in 2015|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=5 January 2015|accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> It ended due to low ratings, and was replaced by ''[[Kaala Teeka]]''.

From 17 July to 11 November 2016, it was rerun on Zee Anmol under the title ''Choti Bahu – Parivar Ki Jeevan Rekha''.

==Plot==
The story revolves around the Pethewala family.

Bhushan, the second son, is in love with Shreya. Before he can tell his family, they pretend to have arranged his marriage to someone else who turns out to be Shreya. They eventually marry and live happily.

Ajay, the youngest son of the Pethewala family, has a best friend named Ajju, who is in love with Sanjana. Ajju gets a job in the US, and he and Sanjana decide to marry due to her father's objections. However, since Ajju is just under 21, he cannot marry. To prevent Sanjana's father from forcibly marrying her off to someone else, Ajju asks Ajay to marry her temporarily until he returns from the US. Ajay marries Sanjana, but their families are unaware that their marriage is only a contract for a few months. The Pethewala family takes time to accept Sanjana. Sanjana feels alone and tries and fails to contact Ajju. However, she and Ajay slowly become closer.

Meanwhile, Shreya, influenced by her mother, tries to divide the household and take control. Sanjana uncovers Shreya's true intentions and threatens to expose her after Shreya and her mother's plots turns criminal.

When everyone accepted Ajay and Sanjana's marriage, Shreya reveals their contract marriage. Sanjana is thrown out of the house, and Trilokchand asks Ajay to get a divorce. However, Sanjana's father, who has come around to the marriage after Ajay and Sanjana save his life, helps her realize her love for Ajay. Although Ajay has feelings for Sanjana, but hides them, not wanting to hurt Ajju. Sanjana tries to win Ajay's love.

Meanwhile, Dadi sees through Shreya's deception and brings Sanjana back into the house, pretending to be a negative influence. Sanjana unites the family by making them fight her, and eventually exposes Shreya, including how she had recently hit Dadi. Bhushan throws Shreya out of the house and apologizes to Ajay and Sanjana.

Shreya attempts suicide by jumping off a cliff, but Bhushan saves her. However, she loses her vision and becomes blind. Regretful of her actions, Shreya asks the family for forgiveness, who all do so except for Bhushan.

Around the same time, Ajju returns from the US. Sanjana confronts him about his lack of communication, but Ajju tries to justify and immediately decides to marry her. However he learns that Ajay and Sanjana loves each other. He tries to take her away, but Ajay stops him and confesses his love for Sanjana, leading to a major fight between the friends. Ajju attempts to assault Sanjana, but Mishri intervenes, hitting Aju on the head with a vase, killing him. Mishri is terrified, and Ajay and Sanjana hide Ajju's body. The police later inform Trilokchand that they have found Ajju's body and consider the entire Pethewala family as suspects, with Ajay and Sanjana being the prime suspects. Meanwhile, in college, Mishri notices that she is being followed.

It is revealed that not only is Ajju still alive, but Shreya's suicide attempt was faked and a scheme devised by Shreya and her mother. Ajju, Shreya and her sister Shania work together to manipulate Mishri into thinking she is losing her mind. However, Ajay and Sanjana protect her.

Shreya fakes a pregnancy to stay in the family, but Bhushan becomes suspicious and uncovers her lies. Ajay and Mishri discover another man, Anuj, who claims to have fallen in love with Mishri at first sight. Anuj's family asks for Mishri's hand in marriage. On the day of the wedding, Sanjana is arrested for Ajju's murder. Sanjana confesses, and the only way Ajay can save her is by agreeing to marry Shaina. However, Bhushan arrives in time and exposes all the villains, ensuring that Sanjana and Ajay are finally married. Shreya, Ajay and Shaina are arrested. Sanjana then requests Bhushan to bail out Shreya and bring her back to the family for the last time, which he agrees to. Shreya apologises and Sanjana forgives her. Shreya watches everyone dancing together without her. The story ends with the entire family dancing and taking a selfie together.

==Cast==

=== Main Cast ===
* [[Chandni Bhagwanani]] as Sanjana Ajay Pethewala: the wife of Ajay Pethewala and the Chachi of Samar.
* [[Kabeer Kumar]] as Ajay Pethewala: Trilokchand's and Elaichi's fourth son; the youngest brother of Amar, Bhushan and Aayush; and the elder brother of Utpal, Avni and Mishri. He is the Chachu of Samar and the husband of Sanjana.
* [[Neil Bhatt]] as Bhushan Trilokchand Pethewala: Trilokchand's and Elaichi's second son; the younger brother of Amar; and the elder brother of Aayush, Ajay, Utpal, Avni and Mishri. He is the Chachu of Samar and the husband of Shreya.
* [[Sreejita De]] as Shreya Bhushan Pethewala: the wife of Bhushan Pethewala and the Chachi of Samar.
* [[Dimple Jhangiani]] as Avni Pethewala: Trilokchand's and Elaichi's daughter; the youngest sister of Amar, Bhushan, Aayush, Ajay and Utpal; the elder sister of Mishri; and the Bua of Samar.
* Madhu Malti Kapoor as Dadi: the mother of Trilokchand; grandmother of Amar, Bhushan, Aayush, Ajay, Utpal, Avni and Mishri; and great-grandmother of Samar.
* [[Tushar Dalvi]] as Trilokchand Pethewala: the son of Malti; husband of Elaichi; father of Amar, Bhushan, Ayush, Ajay, Utpal, Avni and Mishri; and grandfather of Samar.
* [[Aishwarya Narkar]] as Elaichi Trilokchand Pethewala: the wife of Trilokchand; mother of Amar, Bhushan, Ayush, Ajay, Utpal, Avni and Mishri; and grandmother of Samar.
* [[Vineet Raina]] as Amar Pethewala: Trilokchand's and Elaichi's eldest son; the eldest brother of Bhushan, Ayush, Ajay, Utpal, Avni and Mishri; the husband of Vinati; and the father of Samar.
* [[Aalika Sheikh]] as Vinati Amar Pethewala: the wife of Amar Pethewala and mother of Samar.
* [[Rehaan Khan]] as Samar Amar Pethewala: Amar and Vinati's son; and the nephew of Bhushan, Ajay, Ayush, Utpal, Avni and Mishri.
* [[Mahesh Tanwar]] as Utpal Trilokchand Pethewala.
* [[Ravjeet Singh]] as Aayush Pethewala.
* [[Neha Dangal]] as Mishri Trilokchand Pethewala.

=== Recurring Cast ===
* Meinal Vedvikhyat as Shreya's mother.
* Amit Singh Thakur as Sanjana's father.
* [[Neeraj Goswani]] as Ajju.
* [[Lavina Tandon]] as Shaina, the fake sister of Ajju.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Shashi Sumeet Productions}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi}}
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Shashi Sumeet Productions series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Agra]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]

Sanpada railway station

2025-09-10T14:11:50Z

Aaron: further enhanced intro as per guidelines and updated info

{{more citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px|up|link=Mumbai Suburban Railway]] Sanpada
| type = [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] station
| style = Mumbai Suburban Railway
| image = Sanpada station - Platformboard.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = [[File:Sanpada, Navi Mumbai map.jpg|thumb|Sanpada Node of Navi Mumbai]]
| address =
| coordinates = {{Coord|19.0660|N|73.0096|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| line = [[Harbour Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Harbour Line]]
| other = Sanpada Bus Depot
| structure = Standard on-ground station
| platform = 4
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 4
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| status = Active
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = SNCR
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| zone = [[Central Railways]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Mumbai Suburban Railway
|line1=Harbour|left1=Vashi|right1=Juinagar|type1=Panvel
|line2=Trans-Harbour|left2=Turbhe|right2=Vashi|type2=Vashi}}
| map_type = Mumbai
| map_dot_label = Sanpada
| route_map = {{MSR Harbour line}}{{MSR Trans-Harbour line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Sanpada''' is a Node of Navi Mumbai; it has railway station on the Harbour Line of the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]] network. Sanpada has good railway connections with [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CSMT]], [[Thane]] and [[Panvel railway station|Panvel]].

Sanpada is the smallest Node in Navi Mumbai at 8.6 sq km.

It has 4 Platforms. PF 1 for the trains going towards Thane and PF 2 for trains towards Vashi. PF 3 is for trains towards CSMT/Goregaon and PF 4 is for trains towards Panvel.

<ref>https://indiarailinfo.com/station/gallery/videos-pictures-sanpada-sncr/9103</ref>
<ref>https://www.mumbailifeline.com/station_info.php?sel_route=thane_vashi&station=Sanpada</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Sanpada railway station}}
{{Mumbai – Suburban Railway, Harbour}}
{{Mumbai - Suburban Railway, Trans-Harbour}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Thane district]]
[[Category:Mumbai Suburban Railway stations]]
[[Category:Mumbai CR railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Navi Mumbai]]

{{Maharashtra-railstation-stub}}

Manchal Village

2025-08-17T22:59:16Z

Aaron: Made a place

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Redirect|Manchal|the [[Mandal]] with this name|Manchal (mandal)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manchala
| nickname = A Manchal
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Panipat, haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.1628|N|78.7236|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranga Reddy district|Rangareddy]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Manchal (mandal)|Manchal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Pawan Manchal
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 556
| population_total = 4,507
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |title= Manchal Population - Rangareddy, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/574863-manchal-andhra-pradesh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223035951/https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/574863-manchal-andhra-pradesh.html|archive-date=23 February 2020|access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref>
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 132103
| registration_plate =
| website = amanchal.com
| footnotes =
}}

'''Manchala''' is a village and panchayat in [[Ranga Reddy district]], [[Telangana]], India. It falls under [[Manchal mandal]]. It is located nearly 45km towards South-East from [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station|MGBS bus station]]. It comes under Ibrahimpatnam [[revenue division]].<ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Rangareddy district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130761931250.Rangareddy.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|publisher=Government of Telangana|accessdate=26 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013221458/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130761931250.Rangareddy.pdf|archivedate=13 October 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Gram panchayat office, at Manchal village.jpg|thumb|left|Gram panchayat office, at Manchala village]]

In the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], 4,507 people were recorded as living in Manchal, in 1,060 houses. 2,142 of those people were male, and 2,365 female. The literacy rate was 64.24%. A total of 1,101 belonged to [[Scheduled Castes]] and 240 to [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name="2011census"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranga Reddy district]]
[[Category:Gram panchayats in Telangana]]

1986 Killings of Kekuojalie Sachü and Vikhozo Yhoshü

2025-08-14T16:02:07Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|1986 killing of students by police forces in Kohima, Nagaland, India}}

{{Infobox civilian attack
| title= 1986 Killings of Kekuojalie Sachü and Vikhozo Yhoshü
| partof=
| image =  
| caption = {{nowrap|[[File:Kekuojalie Sachü.jpg|150px]] [[File:Vikhozo Yhoshü.jpg|150px]]}} Kekuojalie Sachü ''(left)'' and Vikhozo Yhoshü ''(right)''
| image_size=
| date= 20 March 1986
| fatalities= 2
| injuries= 50
| perpetrators= [[Nagaland Police]]
| victims= Two students:
*Vikhozo Yhoshü (Student of ''Kohima English School'' now known as [[Mezhür Higher Secondary School]])
*Kekuojalie Sachü (Student of ''Baptist English School'' now known as Baptist High)
| location= Phoolbari Junction, [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]], India
| motive= Protest
}}

The '''1986 Killings of Kekuojalie Sachü and Vikhozo Yhoshü''' was the killing of the two students in indiscriminate firing by the [[Nagaland Police|Nagaland State Police Forces]] on 20 March 1986 while they participated in a peaceful protest called by the [[Naga Students' Federation]] (NSF) to rally against the State Government's decision on the introduction of [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) cadres and the extension of the Disturbed Area Belt from 5 to 20 km along the Indo-Myanmar (Indo-[[Burma]]) border.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Yhokha|first1=Vibi|title=A goal for peace|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thread/politics-and-policy/article7766055.ece|date=15 October 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/nsf-remembers-slain-members-on-martyrs-day/|title=NSF remembers slain members on Martyrs Day|date=21 March 2018|newspaper=Eastern Mirror|access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref>

The event was so tumultuous that it led to three Cabinet Ministers and five State Ministers of Nagaland tendering their resignation.

== Background ==
The NSF was observing a peaceful 12 hour protest against the introduction of India Police Service (IPS) in Nagaland and the extension of the 5 km Disturbed Area Belt to 20 km along the international border by the Government of India.

{{quote box
| quote = "The incident was sparked off by the Chief Secretary of Nagaland, I. Longkümer, knowing fully well that the Naga Students' Federation had called a hartal from 6 am to 6 pm, he was on his way to his office in a car when NSF volunteers stopped him. He was not harassed in any manner nor was his car damaged and a magistrate on duty drove him back to his official residence. But he falsely alleged that the student had manhandled him and damaged his vehicle, as a result of which [[Unlawful assembly#India|144 CrPC]] was imposed in TCP Gate, MLA Hostel junction and Razhü Point junction."
| source = – NSF narrates on the incident
| width = 300px
| align = right
| bgcolor = #EDEDED
}}

Not wanting to confront the police, the students' leaders negotiated with the Magistrate and Police officers on duty. The NSF said, “They arrived of an agreement that the students will move out of the 144 CrPC imposed areas and that the students will be allowed to continue their peaceful hartal.”

== Police firing ==
As the students were moving out of the MLA Hostel Junction (Phoolbari) as directed by their leader, the Police opened fire on them without any information and warning, killing two and injuring approximately 50 others. In the melee, Vikhozo Yhoshü, 14-year-old student of ''Kohima English School'' (Now known as [[Mezhür Higher Secondary School]]) and Kekuojalie Sachü, 19-year-old student of ''Baptist English School'' (Now known as Baptist High) were shot and killed.

== Reactions ==
Following the killing, eight Ministers tendered their resignation to the Chief Minister. They were T. A. Ngüllie—the then-Minister for Finance & Taxation and Land Revenue & Power, I. K. Sema—the then-Minister for Agriculture & Horticulture, [[Vizadel Sakhrie]]—the then-Minister for Public Health and Family Welfare, H. L. Singson—the then-Minister for Relief & Rehabilitation, Jail and Industries, Puse Zhotso—the then-Minister for Information & Public Relations, Tourism and Power, Nocklem Konyak—the then-minister for Printing & Stationery and Agriculture, Marchiba—the then-Minister for Fisheries and Public Health Engineering and Nokzenketba—the then-Minister for Soil Conservation and Art & Culture.

== Funeral ==
Almost 50,000 Nagas attended the funeral service of Vikhozo Yhoshü and Kekuojalie Sachü at the Kohima Local Ground, which today is the venue of the Martyrs' Memorial Trophy.

== Legacy ==
<blockquote>
''“On hearing about my brother being shot, our father decided to go to town with his gun but the villagers stopped him. That was one of the most depressing days — a day I cannot forget in my entire lifetime.”''

— Thinuohelie Sachü, the younger brother of Kekuojalie recalls (Quote: ''[[The Hindu]]'', from 15 October 2015 interview).<ref name=":0" />
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
''“I would dream about my son for nights. One day he appeared in my dream dressed in white and I ran towards him, trying to grab him. But then he disappeared. After that I never saw him in my dreams again. They not only shot my son but smashed all his fingers with rifle butts. My heart aches every time I think or talk of him. His scars always come fresh in front of me.”''

— Neibano Yhoshü, the mother of Vikhozo recalls (Quote: ''The Hindu'', from 15 October 2015 interview).<ref name=":0" />
</blockquote>

=== NSF Martyrs' Memorial Trophy ===
In commemoration of the incident, the NSF Martyrs' Memorial Trophy is held annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://morungexpress.com/remembering-kekuojalie-sachu-vikhozo-yhoshu/|title=Rememembering Kekuojalie Sachü & Vikhozo Yhoshü|newspaper=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=4 October 2018|archive-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925225207/http://morungexpress.com/remembering-kekuojalie-sachu-vikhozo-yhoshu/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sachu, Kekuojalie and Yhoshu, Vikhozo}}
[[Category:1986 in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Crime in Nagaland]]
[[Category:1986 protests|Nagaland]]
[[Category:Protests in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Protests in India|1986]]
[[Category:Killings by law enforcement officers in India]]
[[Category:Student politics in India]]
[[Category:1986 crimes in India]]

Nawab Alam Yar Jung Bahadur

2025-08-09T09:11:47Z

Aaron:

{{Short description|Indian judge and politician (1890–1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2009}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mir Alam Ali Khan Alam Yar Jung Bahadur
| image = Nawab Mir Alam ali khan,Alam yar jung.By- Aun Mehdi.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth-date|23 April 1890}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|25 Feb 1974|23 April 1890}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Nizam College]] [[Madras University]] [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], [[Oxford University|Oxford]]
| field = Law
| work_institution = Courts of Hyderabad state
}}

'''Mir Alam Ali Khan''', also known by the honorific title '''Nawab Alam Yar Jung Bahadur''', was an Indian judge and politician.<ref>{{cite book|last=Various|title=Hyderabad State List of Leading Officials, Nobles and Personages|publisher=Potter Press|date=15 March 2007|pages=4|isbn=978-1-4067-3137-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UM-HUdTLTWAC&q=%22Hashim%20Ali%20Khan%22%2C%20Hyderabad&pg=RA1-PT8}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:Alam yar jung,by;-S.M.Aun Mehdi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Nawab Mir Alam Ali Khan]]
Alam Ali Khan was the eldest son of [[Hashim Ali Khan|Mir Hashim Ali Khan]], a colonel with the [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] [[Imperial Service Troops]] and [[Hyderabad State Forces|Nizams regular Forces]]. Alam Ali Khan received education at Madrasa-e-aliya and the [[Nizam College]], where he obtained both a B.A. and a B C L degrees. For a short period he served as a Cadet in the Army. Later, obtained his M.A from Madras University, subsequently, he moved to England to complete his education at [[Oxford University]]'s [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]] here he attained his [[barrister]]-at-law and returned to Hyderabad.

==Civil service==
Ali Khan was appointed ''Munsif-darj-e-awal'' (first session judge) for the court of Beerad and soon also became ''Nazim-Sardar-e-Adalat'' (inspecting officer) at the court of [[Gulbarga]]. For a long time he served as the inspecting officer for the courts of the [[Hyderabad State]], and was later appointed ''Nazim-e-Sardar'' (Chief Justice).
On 2 August 1943, Mir Alam Ali Khan was conferred the title '''Alam Yar Jung''', the next day on 3 August the High court remained closed, in honour to felicitate and celebrate. After his retirement from his judicial offices, he was appointed as a judicial and religious member of HEH, the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]] Executive council wherein he held the judicial portfolio.

==Family==
Nawab Alam Yar Jung had three brothers and four sisters. The brothers included Nawab Talib Ali Khan, Accountant General of Hyderabad, Col Subhan Ali Khan, also Barrister at law Mir Iqbal Ali Khan Barr-at-lae .<ref>{{cite book|last=Jamil|first=S. M.|title=The Muslim year book of India and who's who|publisher=Bombay Newspaper Company|year=1948|pages=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wu9WAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Nawab+Alam+Yar+Jung%22|accessdate=12 July 2009}}</ref> The sisters included Mehdi Begum, Tahira Begum and Wazir Begum.

==Further reading==

*{{cite book|title=A history of the Hyderabad contingent |page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryhyderab01burtgoog/page/n44 34] |first=Reginald George |last=Burton |year=1905 |publisher=Office of theSuperintendent ofGovernment Printing, India |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryhyderab01burtgoog}}
*{{cite book|work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Directory and Year Book including Who's Who |volume=32|page=180|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|title=The Muslim Year Book of India and Who's Who: with complete information on ...|page=87 |first=S. M. |last=Jamil |location=India|year=1948}}
*{{cite book|title=All India Reporter |volume=4 |page=176 |year=1956}}
*{{cite journal|title=Islamic culture |journal=Islamic Culture: An English Quarterly |volume=19-20 |page=82|publisher=Islamic Culture Board |year=1971 |location=Hyderabad|issn=0021-1834}}
*{{cite book|title=The judiciary I served |page=11 |first=Pingle Jaganmohan |last=Reddy |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-250-1617-5 |publisher=Orient Longman |location=Hyderabad}}
*{{cite book|title=Down memory lane: The revolutions I lived through|page=238|first=Pingle Jaganmohan |last=Reddy |year=2000 |publisher=Booklinks |isbn=978-81-85194-57-8}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nawab Alam Yar Jung Bahadur}}
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Salar Jung family]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hyderabad, India]]