https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=AarohamResort 2026-08-05T00:36:42Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikram_Akhtar&diff=549415 2026-05-10T17:06:23Z

<p>AarohamResort: New The Details First Draft...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film producer and screenwriter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | image = Ikram_Akhtar.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | imagesize = <br /> | birth_name = Ikram Akhtar<br /> | occupation = Indian film producer writer &amp; director<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | othername =<br /> | years_active = 1990–present<br /> | spouse = <br /> | homepage =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ikram Akhtar''' is an Indian screenwriter, producer and director working in Bollywood.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ikram-akhtar-announces-next-film-hoor-vs-langoor-with-an-entire-new-cast-1771073 | title= Ikram Akhtar Announces Next Film Hoor Vs Langoor With An Entire New Cast | newspaper=Ndtv}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has started acting institute named Ikram Akhtar Actor Factors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/ikram-akhtar-launches-his-acting-institute-ikram-akhtars-actor-factors/ikram-akhtar-launches-his-acting-institute-ikram-akhtars-actor-factors-3/| title=Ikram Akhtar launches his acting institute 'Ikram Akhtar's Actor Factors' | newspaper = Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> ===Director===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Film<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[I Love Dubai]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ajaz Khan and Shanti Dynamite to pair up in 'I Luv Dubai'|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/ajaz-khan-and-shanti-dynamite-in-i-luv-dubai-film-breaking-news-16746.html|publisher=[[India TV|India TV News]]/[[Press Trust of India]]|date=2 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Writer===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Film <br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[Ready (2011 film)|Ready]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || ''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2010 || ''[[No Problem (2010 film)|No Problem]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || ''[[Baabarr]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || ''[[Nayee Padosan]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Joru Ka Ghulam (2000 film)|Joru Ka Ghulam]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Chal Mere Bhai]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Baaghi (2000 film)|Baaghi]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Kunwara]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || ''[[Tera Jadoo Chal Gaya]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || ''[[Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha]]''<br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || ''[[Chhota Chetan]]''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/ikram-akhtar/filmography/<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1178114}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Akhtar, Ikram}}<br /> [[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madurai_West_Assembly_constituency&diff=514595 2026-05-07T19:50:10Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Madurai West<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 194<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Madurai West.svg<br /> | mla = [[Thangapandi SR]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Tamizhaga Vetri Kazhagam}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | district = [[Madurai district|Madurai]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]]<br /> | established = 1967<br /> | electors = 275,516<br /> }}<br /> '''Madurai West''' is a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|legislative assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below.<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+Madras State<br /> !Year<br /> !Winner<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |[[N. Sankaraiah]]<br /> | {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+Tamil Nadu<br /> !Year<br /> !Winner<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> |[[K. T. K. Thangamani]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |[[T. P. M. Periyaswamy]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |[[M. G. Ramachandran]] ([[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]])<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> |rowspan=2|[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> |[[S. V. Shanmugam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> |[[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> |[[Valarmathi Jebaraj]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> |S. V. Shanmugam<br /> |-<br /> |2007*<br /> |[[K. S. K. Rajendran]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Sellur K. Raju]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> |}<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;by-election<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.59}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.81}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.64}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.66}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.42}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|63.35}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.32}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.24}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.61}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|47.88}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|59.42}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sellur K. Raju]]|party=AIADMK|votes= 14,926 |percentage= 19.14% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ragu Balaji|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= 29,128|percentage= 37.35% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Vignesh Kumar|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= 3,993 |percentage= 5.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. Thangapandi |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= 29,209 |percentage= 37.45% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 271341|change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sellur K. Raju]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=83,883 |percentage=41.96% |change=-2.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Chinnammal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=74,762 |percentage=37.40% |change=+1.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Vetri Kumaran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=18,224 |percentage=9.12% |change=+7.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muniyasamy |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=15,849 |percentage=7.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balachandran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=3,417 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Nagajothi |party=Tamil Nadu Ilangyar Katchi |votes=2,509 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,774 |percentage=0.89% |change=-0.61 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ramu |party=Independent politician |votes=368 |percentage=0.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Karthikeyan |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes=318 |percentage=0.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Venkatesan |party=Independent politician |votes=126 |percentage=0.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Premkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=122 |percentage=0.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,121 |percentage=4.56% |change=-4.34% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=199,920 |percentage=65.09% |change= -0.49% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=425 |percentage=0.21% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 307,141 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.85% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sellur K. Raju]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=82,529 |percentage=44.81% |change=-14.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Thalapathi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,131 |percentage=35.91% |change=+0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[U. Vasuki]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=19,991 |percentage=10.85% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sasikumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,705 |percentage=3.10% |change=+1.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Thirunavukkarasu |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=3,454 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,759 |percentage=1.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Krishnakumar |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=927 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Venkatesan |party=Independent politician |votes=360 |percentage=0.20% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthupandian |party=Independent politician |votes=332 |percentage=0.18% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. C. Meenakshi |party=SMK |votes=310 |percentage=0.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Eswaran |party=Gandhiya Makkal Iyakkam |votes=277 |percentage=0.15% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,398 |percentage=8.90% |change=-15.48% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=184,180 |percentage=65.58% |change= -8.55% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 280,863 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.83% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sellur K. Raju]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=94,798 |percentage=59.64% |change=+15.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Thalapathi]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,037 |percentage=35.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rajarathinam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,149 |percentage=1.98% |change=+0.57 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Paul Pandi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,959 |percentage=1.86% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Moorthy |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=897 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,761 |percentage=24.39% |change=21.74% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=214,423 |percentage=74.13% |change= 3.40% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,950 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 15.98% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2007 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2006–07 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections|2007 by-election]]: Madurai West}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = K.S.K. Rajendiran<br /> |votes = 60,933 <br /> |percentage = 51.68%<br /> |change = +10.67<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[Sellur K. Raju]] <br /> |votes = 29,818<br /> |percentage = 25.59%<br /> |change = -15.72<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = Siva Muthukumaran<br /> |votes = 21,272 <br /> |percentage = 18.04%<br /> |change = +6.95<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 31,115<br /> |percentage = n/a<br /> |change = n/a<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 117,904<br /> |percentage = n/a<br /> |change = n/a<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. V. Shanmugam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,208 |percentage=43.66% |change=-4.4 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Perumal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=53,741 |percentage=41.01% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. S. Manimaran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=14,527 |percentage=11.09% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Bhakavathi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,851 |percentage=1.41% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Ramakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,261 |percentage=0.96% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=L. K. Saravanan |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=814 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,467 |percentage=2.65% |change=1.94% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=131,030 |percentage=70.72% |change= 21.72% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,269 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.40% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Valarmathi Jebaraj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,465 |percentage=48.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,757 |percentage=47.36% |change=-15.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Manoharan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,574 |percentage=2.55% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Balasubramani |party=Janata Party |votes=627 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. M. Meenakshi Sundram |party=Independent politician |votes=569 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=708 |percentage=0.70% |change=-44.05% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=100,840 |percentage=49.01% |change= -10.40% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,790 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -14.35% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=61,723 |percentage=62.42% |change=+27.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Muthusamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,465 |percentage=17.66% |change=-45.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. John Moses |party=Janata Dal |votes=13,965 |percentage=14.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. G. Karunakaran |party=Janata Party |votes=4,206 |percentage=4.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=44,258 |percentage=44.75% |change=16.13% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=98,890 |percentage=59.41% |change= 7.29% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,126 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.93% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. V. Shanmugam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=59,586 |percentage=63.35% |change=+34.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,664 |percentage=34.73% |change=-15.6 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,922 |percentage=28.62% |change=7.10% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=94,060 |percentage=52.11% |change= -18.96% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,245 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 13.03% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,579 |percentage=50.32% |change=-0.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. V. S. Premkumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,087 |percentage=28.80% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Karunaidasan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,871 |percentage=23.04% |change=-24.88 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Vadivarsan |party=Independent politician |votes=8,455 |percentage=9.34% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Mariappan |party=Independent politician |votes=826 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,492 |percentage=21.52% |change=18.21% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=90,572 |percentage=71.08% |change= 2.55% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 128,999 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -0.91% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,247 |percentage=51.24% |change=+13.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Pandian |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,131 |percentage=47.93% |change=-11.69 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,116 |percentage=3.31% |change=-18.72% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=94,167 |percentage=68.53% |change= 5.36% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 142,850 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.38% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. G. Ramachandran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,019 |percentage=59.61% |change=+16.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,953 |percentage=37.59% |change=+16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. C. Kamaraj |party=Janata Party |votes=2,178 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,066 |percentage=22.02% |change= 0.55% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=95,646 |percentage=63.17% |change= 9.24% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,756 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 16.55% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=T. P. M. Periyaswamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,342 |percentage=43.06% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,211 |percentage=21.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. C. Kamaraj |party=Janata Party |votes=13,168 |percentage=17.53% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. T. K. Thangamani]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=12,190 |percentage=16.23% |change=-31.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Mayandi |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=1,192 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,131 |percentage=21.48% |change= 10.77% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=75,103 |percentage=53.93% |change= -11.46% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 140,580 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= -4.81% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. T. K. Thangamani]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=40,899 |percentage=47.88% |change=+36.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Anandam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,753 |percentage=37.17% |change=+8 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Sankariah |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=12,774 |percentage=14.95% |change=-44.47 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,146 |percentage=10.71% |change= -19.55% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=85,426 |percentage=65.39% |change= -7.14% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,117 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -11.54% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Madurai (West)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Sankaraiah]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=46,882 |percentage=59.42% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Chelliah]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,012 |percentage=29.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. T. K. Thangamani]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=9,005 |percentage=11.41% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,870 |percentage=30.25% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=78,899 |percentage=72.52% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,707 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|9.930|78.085|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_Highway_1_(Kerala)&diff=537553 2026-05-07T07:55:57Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|State highway in Kerala, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox road<br /> | country = IND<br /> | type = SH<br /> | state = Kerala<br /> | route = 1<br /> | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=370|zoom=8|type=line|from=Main Central Road.map}}<br /> | map_custom = yes<br /> | map_notes = KL SH 1 highlighted in red<br /> | spur_type = <br /> | spur_of = <br /> | maint = [[Kerala Public Works Department]]<br /> | length_km = 240.6<br /> | length_notes = &lt;!--[[Corridor_Name1]]: {{convert|00|km|mi|abbr=on}} (Place1 – Place2)&lt;br /&gt;[[Corridor_Name2]]: 00 km (Place1 – Place2) --&gt;<br /> | established = 1790s<br /> | allocation = National Highway 183 near Chengannur/Kottarakara to Kottayam.<br /> <br /> Crosses National Highway 183A at Adoor.<br /> <br /> Crosses National Highway 744 at Kottarakara.<br /> <br /> Crosses National Highway 85 at Muvattupuzha.<br /> | direction_a = South<br /> | terminus_a = [[Kesavadasapuram]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] &lt;!-- Road begins here. Include Route No. if road starts from another Major route--&gt;<br /> | junction = {{plainlist| &lt;!--Use {{plainlist|}}. Only include Primary highways (single &amp; double-digit numbered routes) and Inter-state highways. Maximum 10 entries--&gt;<br /> * {{jct|state=Kerala|SH|47|country=IND}}, [[Vembayam]]<br /> * {{jct|state=Kerala|SH|46|country=IND}}, [[Kilimanoor]]<br /> * {{jct|state=Kerala|SH|64|country=IND}}, [[Nilamel]]<br /> * {{jct|state=Kerala|SH|48|country=IND}}, [[Ayoor]]<br /> * {{jct|NH|744|country=IND}}, [[Kottarakara]]<br /> * {{jct|NH|183A|state=Kerala|SH|5|country=IND}}, [[Adoor]]<br /> * {{jct|state=Kerala|SH|7|country=IND}}, [[Thiruvalla]]<br /> * {{jct|NH|183|country=IND}}, [[Kottayam]]<br /> *{{jct|NH|85|state=Kerala|SH|41|country=IND}}, [[Moovattupuzha]]<br /> *{{jct|state=Kerala|SH|16|country=IND}}, [[Perumbavoor]]<br /> }}<br /> | direction_b = North<br /> | terminus_b = {{jct|NH|544|country=IND}} in [[Angamaly]] &lt;!-- Road ends here. Include Route No. if road ends on another major route--&gt;<br /> | districts = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Kottayam]], [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | previous_type = <br /> | previous_route = &lt;!-- previous route in road numbering system (SH 4 - SH 5 - SH 6) --&gt;<br /> | next_type = SH<br /> | next_route = 2 &lt;!-- next route in highway numbering system ((SH 4 - SH 5 - SH 6) --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kerala's State Highway 1''' or '''KL SH 1''', also known as '''Main Central Road''' or '''MC Road''', is the arterial state [[highway]] starting from [[Kesavadasapuram]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and ends at [[Angamaly]], a suburb of [[Greater Cochin]] in [[Ernakulam district]], in the state of [[Kerala]], India. The highway was built by [[Raja Kesavadas]], Dewan of [[Travancore]], in the 1790s. Plan for a new highway called [[Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway]], which runs parallel to the KL SH 1 is proposed and is under early stage of development.<br /> <br /> ==Route description==<br /> This road starts from [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]] at [[Kesavadasapuram]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital city of [[Kerala]], and joins the [[National Highway 544|NH544]] at [[Angamaly]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.keralapwd.gov.in/getPage.php?page=maps&amp;pageId=248 |title=State Highways in Kerala |access-date=2010-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201055331/http://www.keralapwd.gov.in/getPage.php?page=maps&amp;pageId=248 |archive-date=1 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ernakulam district]]. The KL SH 1 passes through [[Venjaramoodu]], [[Kilimanoor]], [[Nilamel]], [[Chadayamangalam]], [[Ayoor]], [[Kottarakkara]], [[Enathu]], [[Adoor]], [[Pandalam]], [[Chengannur]], [[Tiruvalla]], [[Changanassery]], [[Kottayam]], [[Ettumanoor]], [[Kuravilangad]], [[Monippally]], [[Puthuvely]], [[Koothattukulam]], [[Meenkunnam]], [[Muvattupuzha]], [[Pezhakkappilly]], [[Mannoor]], [[Pulluvazhy]], [[Perumbavoor]] and [[Kalady]]. In addition, an MC bypass road linking thaikkad with Vettu road junction near [[National Highway 66|NH66]] in [[Kazhakoottam]] is also part of the road in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] district. Before NH 544 was built through [[Angamaly]], KL SH 1 extended up to Karukutty village {{Convert|6|km|abbr=on}} away from [[Angamaly]] town in the [[Chalakudy]] road. A section of this road between [[Mulakuzha]] and [[Kottayam]] is now upgraded as a section of [[NH 183]]. KL SH 1 is a popular route to access the shrine of [[Sabarimala]]. It covers many important towns of Central and South Kerala.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The highway was built by [[Raja Kesavadas]], the dewan of the Travancore Kingdom.<br /> The KL SH 1 was renovated under the [[World Bank]] aided 'Kerala State Transport Project (2006)'. The upgrading was carried out in two phases. <br /> Under phase 1, two stretches, Thaikkod (near [[Venjarammoodu]]) &amp;ndash; [[Chengannur]] and [[Muvattupuzha]] &amp;ndash; [[Angamaly]] were upgraded and works were completed in 2010. In addition, a new road link to [[NH 66]] has been completed between Thaikkad and Vettu road (near [[Kazhakootam]] in [[Trivandrum]]). In phase 2, the [[Chengannur]] &amp;ndash; [[Ettumanoor]] {{Convert|47|km|abbr=on|adj=on}} stretch was upgraded. The road has a total width of {{Convert|10|m}} and facilitates two-lane traffic. The road also have a {{Convert|7|m|adj=on}} carriageway and a sealed shoulder, having width of {{Convert|1.5|m}}. The project also features protection walls and adequate drainage facilities. The construction of seven bridges has also been envisaged as part of the project. This includes the constructions at Neelimangalam, Manipuzha, Pannikuzhy, Arattukadavu, Illimala, Thondara, and Kallissery. In addition, three existing bridges along the route is also widened. The work was launched on 14 September 2014 and completed in 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/chengannurettumanoor-road-work-to-be-launched/article6409329.ece | title=Chengannur Ettumanoor road work to be launched | date=14 September 2014 | newspaper=The Hindu | first=Sarath Babu | last=George | access-date=12 July 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Main intersections==<br /> {{RJL|date=November 2021}}<br /> [[File:Main Central Road - SH1.JPG|thumb|right|M.C Road near [[Chengannur]]]]<br /> * Kesavadasapuram in [[Trivandrum]] joins with the [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]]<br /> * [[Mannanthala]] -([[Sreekaryam]] - [[Peroorkada]] Road)<br /> * [[Vattapara]] - ([[Pothencode]]- [[Nedumangad]] Road)<br /> * [[Vembayam]] - [[State Highway 47 (Kerala)]] connecting [[Attingal]] and [[Nedumangadu]]<br /> * Thaikkad jn - MC Bypass road<br /> * [[Venjarammoodu]] - [[State Highway 47 (Kerala)]] connecting [[Attingal]] and [[Nedumangadu]]<br /> * [[Kilimanoor]] - [[State Highway 46 (Kerala)]] connecting [[Attingal]] and [[Kilimanoor]]<br /> * [[Nilamel]] - [[State Highway 64 (Kerala)|State Highway 64]] Connecting Varkala &amp; Madathara<br /> * [[Ayoor]] ([[Kollam]] Road &amp; [[State Highway 48 (Kerala)|State Highway 48]])<br /> * [[Kottarakara]] [[NH 744]] ([[Kollam]]- [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]] Road crosses)<br /> * [[Adoor]] Central Junction ([[Pathanamthitta]] road [[National Highway 183A (India)]] &amp; [[State Highway 5 (Kerala)|State Highway 5]] )<br /> * [[Adoor]] High School Junction ([[Punalur|State Highway 5]])<br /> *[[Pandalam]] Medical Mission Junction ([[Pandalam]]- [[Nooranad]]- [[Kayamkulam]] road via Kudassanad)<br /> * [[Pandalam]] ([[Mavelikkara]]-[[Pathanamthitta]] road) SH-80( State Highway 80 )-[[Konni-Haipad-Road]]Konni-Haipad Road <br /> *[[Pandalam]] (Kulanada T.B Junction [[Pandalam]] - [[Aranmula]] road via [[Kulanada]])<br /> * [[Mulakuzha]] ([[Mavelikara]]- road via [[Kodukulanji]])<br /> * [[Chengannur]] ([[Mavelikara]] road via [[Puliyoor, Kerala]])<br /> * [[Thiruvalla]] (SH-07 towards [[Pathanamthitta]] &amp; [[Kumbazha]])<br /> * [[Thiruvalla]] ([[Ambalapuzha]], [[Kayamkulam]] road)<br /> * [[Changanassery]] ([[Alapuzha]] road)<br /> * [[Changanassery]] ([[Vakathanam]] Road &amp; [[Vazhoor]] Road)<br /> * [[Kottayam]] ([[NH 220]] towards [[Kumily]] &amp; [[Theni|Teni]])<br /> * [[Kottayam]] Baker Jn. ([[Kumarakom]]) &amp; [[Cherthala]]<br /> * [[Ettumanur]] ([[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|MG University]] road)<br /> * [[Ettumanur]] ([[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] &amp; [[Poonjar]] road)<br /> * [[Ettumanur]] ([[Vaikom]] &amp; [[Ernakulam]] road)<br /> * [[Kuravilangad]] ([[Vaikom]] &amp; [[Alapuzha]] road)<br /> * [[Kuravilangad]] ([[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] road)<br /> * [[Kuravilangad]] ([[Njeezhoor]] &amp; [[Peruva]] &amp; [[Piravom]] road)<br /> * [[Monippally]] (Ernakulam-Pala road, [[Piravom]], [[Peruva]], [[Vaikom]], [[Ramapuram, Kottayam|Ramapuram]], [[Uzhavoor]] road)<br /> * [[Koothattukulam]] ([[Pala, Kerala|Pala]], [[Piravom]] &amp; [[Kalamassery]] Proposed NH Road)<br /> * [[Muvattupuzha]] ([[Thodupuzha]] Road, [[Main Eastern Highway]] End Reach)<br /> * [[Muvattupuzha]] ([[Kochi, India|Kochi]]-[[Madurai]] [[National Highway 49 (India)|NH 49]] Intersection)<br /> * [[Perumbavoor]] ([[Aluva]]-[[Munnar]] Road &amp; [[Kolenchery]] Road)<br /> * [[Kalady]] ([[Malayattoor]] Road &amp; Aluva Deasm Road)<br /> * [[Kalady]] ([[Mattoor]] Junction, [[Nedumbassery Airport]], [[North Paravur]] Road)<br /> * [[Angamali]] ([[National Highway 544|NH 544]])<br /> <br /> ==Surveillance==<br /> The Motor Vehicles Department, in partnership with the Kerala Road Safety Authority (KRSA) and the police has installed automatic traffic enforcement camera systems in between [[Venjaramoodu]] - [[Chengannur]] section of KL SH 1 for detecting speed violations of vehicles.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/more-roads-under-camera/article4281748.ece More roads under surveillance]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Thiruvananthapuram-Angamaly Greenfield Highway]]<br /> * [[Main Eastern Highway|Punalur -Muvattupuzha road]]<br /> * [[National Highway 183 (India)]]<br /> * [[NH 66]]<br /> * [[NH 544]]<br /> * [[Roads in Kerala]]<br /> * [[List of state highways in Kerala]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{maplink|display=title|text=Route map|type=line}}<br /> {{Kerala State Highways Network}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State highways in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_Kerala&diff=512651 2026-05-07T02:03:57Z

<p>AarohamResort: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use American English|date=July 2019}}<br /> [[File:Kerala motor vehicle department logo.png|thumb|[[Kerala Motor Vehicles Department|Motor Vehicles Department]] in Kerala]]<br /> ==Administration==<br /> {{Main|Kerala Motor Vehicles Department}}There are 18 Regional Transport Offices (RTOs) in Kerala, each headed by a [[Regional Transport Office|Regional Transport Officer]], and 69 Sub-Regional Transport Offices (SRTOs), each headed by a Joint Regional Transport Officer (JRTO). In addition, there are 14 Enforcement RTOs responsible for enforcing the Motor Vehicles Act and Rules, as well as overseeing road safety enforcement and related duties.<br /> <br /> ==Regional Transport Offices==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! No<br /> ! RT Office<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Taluk<br /> ! Current Running Series&lt;br /&gt;(as of January-2026)<br /> |-<br /> | KL-01<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvanthapuram ]]<br /> | DK<br /> |-<br /> | KL-02<br /> |[[Kollam]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kollam]]<br /> | CB<br /> |-<br /> | KL-03<br /> |[[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kozhencherry]]<br /> | AJ<br /> |-<br /> | KL-04<br /> |[[Alappuzha]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Ambalappuzha]]<br /> | AX<br /> |-<br /> | KL-05<br /> |[[Kottayam]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kottayam]]<br /> | BF<br /> |-<br /> | KL-06<br /> |[[Idukki]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Idukki]]<br /> | M<br /> |-<br /> | KL-07<br /> |[[Ernakulam]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kanayannur]]<br /> | DK<br /> |-<br /> | KL-08<br /> |[[Thrissur]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Thrissur]]<br /> | CG<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | KL-09<br /> |[[Palakkad]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Palakkad]]<br /> | BA<br /> |-<br /> | KL-10<br /> |[[Malappuram]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Eranad]]<br /> | BM<br /> |-<br /> | KL- 11<br /> |[[Kozhikode]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kozhikode]]<br /> | CE<br /> |-<br /> | KL-12<br /> |[[Wayanad]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Vythiri]]<br /> | R<br /> |-<br /> | KL-13<br /> |[[Kannur]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kannur]]<br /> | BC<br /> |-<br /> | KL-14<br /> |[[Kasaragod]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Kasaragod]], [[Manjeshwar]]<br /> | AH<br /> |-<br /> |KL-16<br /> |[[Attingal]]<br /> |2002<br /> |[[Chirayinkeezhu]]<br /> |AE<br /> |-<br /> |KL-17<br /> |[[Muvattupuzha]]<br /> |2002<br /> |[[Muvattupuzha]]<br /> |AB<br /> |-<br /> |KL-18<br /> |[[Vatakara|Vadakara]]<br /> |2002<br /> |[[Vatakara]]<br /> |AJ<br /> |-<br /> | KL-15<br /> | Registered in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] for [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]]<br /> | 1989<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | A<br /> |-<br /> |KL-90<br /> |Registered in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] for [[Government of Kerala|Government]] Vehicles&lt;ref group=note&gt;KL-90 (Nationalised sector II) in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] is reserved for government vehicles: A–State, B–Central, C–Local bodies, D–PSUs.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of RT Offices - Kerala MVD |url=https://mvd.kerala.gov.in/ml/directory}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-03-12 |title=MVD to adopt new system to process applications faster |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Mar/12/mvd-to-adopt-new-system-to-process-applications-faster |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |2023<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram Taluk|Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Sub Regional Transport Offices==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! No <br /> ! SRT Office<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Taluk<br /> ! Revenue District<br /> ! Current Running Series&lt;br /&gt;(as of January-2026)<br /> |-<br /> | KL-19<br /> | [[Parassala]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Neyyattinkara]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | R<br /> |-<br /> | KL-20<br /> | [[Neyyattinkara]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Neyyattinkara]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | U<br /> |-<br /> | KL-21<br /> | [[Nedumangad]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Nedumangad]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | AC<br /> |-<br /> | KL-22<br /> | [[Kazhakoottam]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | U<br /> |-<br /> | KL-23<br /> | [[Karunagappalli]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Karunagappalli]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | Z<br /> |-<br /> | KL-24<br /> | [[Kottarakkara]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kottarakkara]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-25<br /> | [[Punalur]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Punalur]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | S<br /> |-<br /> | KL-26<br /> | [[Adoor]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Adoor]]<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | Q<br /> |-<br /> | KL-27<br /> | [[Thiruvalla]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thiruvalla]]<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | N<br /> |-<br /> | KL-28<br /> | [[Mallappally]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Mallappally]]<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | G<br /> |-<br /> | KL-29<br /> | [[Kayamkulam]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Karthikappally]]<br /> | [[Alappuzha]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-30<br /> | [[Chengannur]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Chengannur]]<br /> | [[Alappuzha]]<br /> | M<br /> |-<br /> | KL-31<br /> | [[Mavelikkara]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Mavelikkara]]<br /> | [[Alappuzha]]<br /> | U<br /> |-<br /> | KL-32<br /> | [[Cherthala]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Cherthala]]<br /> | [[Alappuzha]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-33<br /> | [[Changanassery]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Changanassery]]<br /> | [[Kottayam]]<br /> | S<br /> |-<br /> | KL-34<br /> | [[Kanjirappally]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kanjirappally]]<br /> | [[Kottayam]]<br /> | K<br /> |-<br /> | KL-35<br /> | [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Meenachil]]<br /> | [[Kottayam]]<br /> | N<br /> |-<br /> | KL-36<br /> | [[Vaikom]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Vaikom]] <br /> | [[Kottayam]]<br /> | M<br /> |-<br /> | KL-37<br /> | [[Vandiperiyar]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Peerumed]] <br /> | [[Idukki]]<br /> | G<br /> |-<br /> | KL-38<br /> | [[Thodupuzha]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thodupuzha]]<br /> | [[Idukki]]<br /> | M<br /> |-<br /> | KL-39<br /> | [[Thripunithura]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kanayannur]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | X<br /> |-<br /> | KL-40<br /> | [[Perumbavoor]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kunnathunad]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-41<br /> | [[Aluva]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Aluva]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | X<br /> |-<br /> | KL-42<br /> | [[North Paravur]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[North Paravur]], [[Kochi]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-43<br /> | [[Mattancherry]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kochi]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | S<br /> |-<br /> | KL-44<br /> | [[Kothamangalam]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kothamangalam]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | K<br /> |-<br /> | KL-45<br /> | [[Irinjalakuda]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Mukundapuram]], [[Chalakkudy]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | AA<br /> |-<br /> | KL-46<br /> | [[Guruvayur]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Chavakkad]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | AB<br /> |-<br /> | KL-47<br /> | [[Kodungalloor]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Kodungalloor]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | N<br /> |-<br /> | KL-48<br /> | [[Wadakkanchery]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thalappilly]], [[Kunnamkulam]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | V<br /> |-<br /> | KL-49<br /> | [[Alathur]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Alathur]]<br /> | [[Palakkad]]<br /> | R<br /> |-<br /> | KL-50<br /> | [[Mannarkkad]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Mannarkkad]]<br /> | [[Palakkad]]<br /> | M<br /> |-<br /> | KL-51<br /> | [[Ottappalam]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ottappalam]]<br /> | [[Palakkad]]<br /> | R<br /> |-<br /> | KL-52<br /> | [[Pattambi]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Pattambi]]<br /> | [[Palakkad]]<br /> | W<br /> |-<br /> | KL-53<br /> | [[Perinthalmanna]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Perinthalmanna]]<br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | X<br /> |-<br /> | KL-54<br /> | [[Ponnani]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ponnani]]<br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | S<br /> |-<br /> | KL-55<br /> | [[Tirur]] <br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Tirur]]<br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | AN<br /> |-<br /> | KL-56<br /> | [[Koyilandy]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Koyilandy]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | AA<br /> |-<br /> | KL-57<br /> | [[Koduvally]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thamarassery]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | AD<br /> |-<br /> | KL-58<br /> | [[Thalassery]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Thalassery]]<br /> | [[Kannur]]<br /> | AN<br /> |-<br /> | KL-59<br /> | [[Taliparamba]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Taliparamba]]<br /> | [[Kannur]]<br /> | AC<br /> |-<br /> | KL-60<br /> | [[Kanhangad]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Hosdurg]]<br /> | [[Kasargod]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-61<br /> | [[Kunnathur (Kerala)|Kunnathur]]<br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Kunnathur (Kerala)|Kunnathur]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | H<br /> |-<br /> | KL-62<br /> | [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]]<br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]]<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | G<br /> |-<br /> | KL-63<br /> | [[Angamaly]]<br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Aluva]]<br /> | [[Ernakulam]]<br /> | L<br /> |-<br /> | KL-64<br /> | [[Chalakkudy]]<br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Chalakkudy]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | P<br /> |-<br /> | KL-65<br /> | [[Tirurangadi]] <br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Tirurangadi]] <br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | Y<br /> |-<br /> | KL-66<br /> | [[Kuttanad]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Kuttanad]] <br /> | [[Alappuzha]]<br /> | E<br /> |-<br /> | KL-67<br /> | [[Uzhavoor]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Meenachil]], [[Vaikom]]<br /> | [[Kottayam]]<br /> | E<br /> |-<br /> | KL-68<br /> | [[Devikulam]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Devikulam]]<br /> | [[Idukki]]<br /> | C<br /> |-<br /> | KL-69<br /> | [[Udumbanchola]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Udumbanchola]]<br /> | [[Idukki]]<br /> | E<br /> |-<br /> | KL-70<br /> | [[Chittur]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Chittur]]<br /> | [[Palakkad]]<br /> | J<br /> |-<br /> | KL-71<br /> | [[Nilambur]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Nilambur]]<br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | N<br /> |-<br /> | KL-72<br /> | [[Mananthavady]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | [[Mananthavady]]<br /> | [[Wayanad]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-73<br /> | [[Sulthan Bathery]]<br /> | 2013 <br /> | [[Sulthan Bathery]]<br /> | [[Wayanad]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-74<br /> | [[Kattakkada]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Kattakkada]] <br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-75<br /> | [[Thriprayar]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Chavakkad]]<br /> | [[Thrissur]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-76<br /> | [[Nanmanda]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Koyilandy]], [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | G<br /> |-<br /> | KL-77<br /> | [[Perambra]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Koyilandy]], [[Vatakara]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-78<br /> | [[Iritty]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Iritty]]<br /> | [[Kannur]]<br /> | E<br /> |-<br /> | KL-79<br /> | [[Vellarikundu]]<br /> | 2018<br /> | [[Vellarikundu]]<br /> | [[Kasargod]]<br /> | B<br /> |-<br /> | KL-80<br /> | [[Pathanapuram]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Pathanapuram]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | B<br /> |-<br /> | KL-81<br /> | [[Varkala]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Varkala]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | C<br /> |-<br /> | KL-82<br /> | [[Chadayamangalam]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Kottarakkara]]<br /> | [[Kollam]]<br /> | B<br /> |-<br /> | KL-83<br /> | [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]]<br /> | [[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> | C<br /> |-<br /> | KL-84<br /> | [[Kondotty]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Kondotty]]<br /> | [[Malappuram]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-85<br /> | [[Ramanattukara]] ([[Feroke]])<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | F<br /> |-<br /> | KL-86<br /> | [[Payyannur]]<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Payyannur]]<br /> | [[Kannur]]<br /> | D<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Old Vehicle Registration code (Prior to 1989) ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Name of RTO<br /> !Registration code(s)<br /> |-<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> |KLT, KLV, KRT, KRV, KET, KEV, KBT, KBV, KCT, KCV<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kollam]]<br /> |KLQ, KLU, KRQ, KRU, KEQ<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pathanamthitta]]<br /> |KLB, KRB<br /> |-<br /> |[[Alappuzha]]<br /> |KLA, KLY, KRA, KRY<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kottayam]]<br /> |KLK, KLO, KRK, KRO, KEK, KEO<br /> |-<br /> |[[Idukki district|Idukki]]<br /> |KLI<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ernakulam]]<br /> |KLE, KLF, KRE, KRF, KEE, KEF, KBE, KBF, KCE, KCF, KDE<br /> |-<br /> |[[Thrissur]]<br /> |KLR, KLH, KRR, KRH, KER, KEH, KBR<br /> |-<br /> |[[Palakkad]]<br /> |KLP, KLG, KRP, KRG<br /> |-<br /> |[[Malappuram]]<br /> |KLM, KLL, KRM<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kozhikode]]<br /> |KLD, KLZ, KRD, KRZ, KED, KEZ<br /> |-<br /> |[[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]<br /> |KLW<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kannur]]<br /> |KLC, KLN, KRC, KRN<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kasaragod]]<br /> |KLS<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]]<br /> |KLX<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Future Sub Regional Transport Offices ==<br /> Government of Kerala has repeatedly intimated multiple legislative members that there are no plans to setup any new RTOs/SRTOs in Kerala unless the financial condition of Kerala improves.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Hansard|title=കുന്ദംകുളം താലൂക്കിൽ ജോയിന്റ് ആർ ടി ഓ ഓഫീസ്|jurisdiction=Kerala|house=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]|date=8 October 2021|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/15kla/Session_3/ans/u01791-081021-03-15.pdf|speaker=[[Antony Raju]]|position=Minister for Transport|page=|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Hansard|title=ഈരാറ്റുപേട്ടയിൽ പുതിയ ആർ.ടി.ഓഫീസ്|jurisdiction=Kerala|house=[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]|date=5 July 2024|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/15kla/Session_11/ans/u05473-050724-11-15.pdf|speaker=[[K.B. Ganesh Kumar]]|position=Minister for Transport|page=|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * https://www.mvd.kerala.gov.in (Link to Kerala Motor Vehicles Department. This website provide all the Rules and Regulations.)<br /> *[http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php/directory/regional-transport-offices Official list of Regional Transport Offices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714102608/http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php/directory/regional-transport-offices |date=14 July 2015 }}<br /> *[http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php/directory/sub-regional-transport-offices Official list of Sub Regional Transport Offices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714100646/http://www.keralamvd.gov.in/index.php/directory/sub-regional-transport-offices |date=14 July 2015 }}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rto Districts In Kerala}}<br /> [[Category:Roads in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala-related lists|RTO districts]]<br /> [[Category:India transport-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:India government-related lists]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Binnakandi_Assembly_constituency&diff=491786 2026-04-19T19:40:48Z

<p>AarohamResort: done...</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}} <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Binnakandi<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 62<br /> | map_image = Binnakandi Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | state = [[Assam]]<br /> | district = [[Hojai district|Hojai]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kaziranga Lok Sabha constituency|Kaziranga]] <br /> | established = 2023<br /> | mla = <br /> | party = <br /> | alliance = <br /> | latest_election_year = <br /> | electors = <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Binnakandi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a north east state of India. It was newly formed in 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary &amp; Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Election Results==<br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Binnakandi}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rejaul Karim Chowdhury|party=Assam Jatiya Parishad|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sahabuddin Mazumdar|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Badruddin Ajmal]]|party=All India United Democratic Front|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Hojai district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Assam]]<br /> [[Category:2023 establishments in Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2023]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abohar_Assembly_constituency&diff=484407 2026-04-14T03:14:39Z

<p>AarohamResort: pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Abohar<br /> | type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 81<br /> | map_image = 81-Abohar.svg<br /> | mla = [[Sandeep Jakhar]]<br /> | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> | state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | district = [[Fazilka district|Fazilka]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Firozpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozpur]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:178416 }} (in 2022){{update after|2027|02}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Abohar Assembly constituency''' (Sl. No.: 81) is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Fazilka district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Abohar assembly constituency is one of the 117 seats of Punjab Vidhan Sabha. This constituency is located in [[Fazilka district]] of Punjab and comes under the [[Firozpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]] seat. 28% Hindu Jat, 10% Jatt Sikh, 25% Dalit, 14% Bagri Kumhar, 10% Kamboj and 13% others lived there in this constituency.<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abohar Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/punjab/assembly-constituencies/abohar.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> |[[Chandi Ram]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> |[[Sahi Ram]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> |[[Chandi Ram]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Satya Dev]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh| rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Balram Jakhar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |[[Sajjan Kumar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |[[Arjan Singh]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]<br /> |[[Sajjan Kumar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]<br /> |Ram Kumar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Sunil Jakhar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br /> |[[Arun Narang]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> |[[Sandeep Jakhar]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Abohar }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Sandeep Jakhar]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:49924}}<br /> |percentage = 37.70<br /> |change = {{decrease}}3.7<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=[[Deep Kamboj]]|votes={{formatnum:44453}}|percentage=33.60|change={{increase}}22.5}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Arun Narang]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:21534}}|percentage=16.30|change={{decrease}}27.7}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiromani Akali Dal|candidate=Dr. Mahinder Kumar Rinwa|votes={{formatnum:14345}}|percentage=10.78|change=new}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=726|percentage=0.55|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:5471}}|percentage=4.1|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:133102}}|percentage=74.5|change=}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:178739}} <br /> |ref= &lt;ref name=&quot;ECI 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing =INC }} <br /> {{Election box end}}&lt;section end=&quot;Assembly Election 2022&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2017 ===<br /> &lt;!-- this section is transcluded on Electoral history of the MLA --&gt; &lt;section begin=&quot;Assembly Election 2017&quot;/&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;Assembly Election 2017&quot;/&gt;<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Abohar&lt;ref name=election2017&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[Arun Narang]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:55091}}<br /> |percentage = 44.0<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[Sunil Jakhar]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:51812}}<br /> |percentage = 41.4<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Atul Nagpal<br /> |party = Aam Aadmi Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:13888}}<br /> |percentage = 11.1<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above]]<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1212}}<br /> |percentage = 0.8<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:3279}}<br /> |percentage = 2.6<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:123917}}<br /> |percentage = 78.4<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors<br /> |reg. electors = {{formatnum:159,660}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}} <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}<br /> {{coord|30.15|74.2|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Fazilka district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 81</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Simon,_1st_Viscount_Simon&diff=506487 2026-04-07T18:31:06Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting some biography first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British politician and Lord Chancellor (1873–1954)}}<br /> {{Redirect|Sir John Simon|other people named John Simon|John Simon (disambiguation){{!}}John Simon}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]<br /> | name = The Viscount Simon<br /> | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCSI|GCVO|OBE|PC|KC}}<br /> | image = Viscount Simon.jpg<br /> | caption = Simon in 1931<br /> | order7 = [[Solicitor General for England and Wales]]<br /> | term_start7 = 7 October 1910<br /> | term_end7 = 19 October 1913<br /> | predecessor7 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Sir Rufus Isaacs]]<br /> | successor7 = [[Stanley Buckmaster, 1st Viscount Buckmaster|Sir Stanley Buckmaster]]<br /> | prime_minister7 = [[H. H. Asquith]]<br /> | order6 = [[Attorney General for England and Wales]]<br /> | term_start6 = 19 October 1913<br /> | term_end6 = 25 May 1915<br /> | predecessor6 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Sir Rufus Isaacs]]<br /> | successor6 = [[Sir Edward Carson]]<br /> | prime_minister6 = [[H. H. Asquith]]<br /> | order4 = [[Home Secretary]]<br /> | term_start4 = 7 June 1935<br /> | term_end4 = 28 May 1937<br /> | predecessor4 = [[Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Gilmour]]<br /> | successor4 = [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Sir Samuel Hoare]]<br /> | prime_minister4 = [[Stanley Baldwin]]<br /> | term_start5 = 27 May 1915<br /> | term_end5 = 12 January 1916<br /> | predecessor5 = [[Reginald McKenna]]<br /> | successor5 = [[Herbert Samuel]]<br /> | prime_minister5 = [[H. H. Asquith]]<br /> | order3 = [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]]<br /> | term_start3 = 5 November 1931<br /> | term_end3 = 7 June 1935<br /> | predecessor3 = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|The Marquess of Reading]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Sir Samuel Hoare]]<br /> | prime_minister3 = [[Ramsay MacDonald]]<br /> | order2 = [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]]<br /> | term_start2 = 28 May 1937<br /> | term_end2 = 10 May 1940<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Neville Chamberlain]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Sir Kingsley Wood]]<br /> | prime_minister2 = [[Neville Chamberlain]]<br /> | order = [[Lord Chancellor]]<br /> | term_start = 10 May 1940<br /> | term_end = 27 July 1945<br /> | predecessor = [[Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote|The Viscount Caldecote]]<br /> | successor = [[William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt|The Lord Jowitt]]<br /> | monarch = [[George VI]]<br /> | prime_minister = [[Winston Churchill]]<br /> | office9 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] &lt;br /&gt;for <br /> [[Spen Valley (UK Parliament constituency)|Spen Valley]]<br /> | term_start9 = 15 November 1922<br /> | term_end9 = 1 June 1940<br /> | predecessor9 = [[Tom Myers (politician)|Tom Myers]]<br /> | successor9 = [[William Woolley]]<br /> | office10 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] &lt;br /&gt;for <br /> [[Walthamstow (UK Parliament constituency)|Walthamstow]]<br /> | term_start10 = 8 February 1906<br /> | term_end10 = 14 December 1918<br /> | predecessor10 = [[David John Morgan]]<br /> | successor10 = ''Seat abolished ''<br /> | office8 = Member of the [[House of Lords]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Lord Temporal]]<br /> | term_start8 = 20 May 1940<br /> | term_end8 = 11 January 1954&lt;br /&gt;[[Hereditary peer]]age<br /> | predecessor8 = ''[[Viscount Simon|Peerage created]]''<br /> | successor8 = [[Viscount Simon|The 2nd Viscount Simon]]<br /> | birth_name = John Allsebrook Simon<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1873|2|28|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Moss Side]], Manchester, Lancashire, England<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1954|1|11|1873|2|28|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Westminster]], London, England<br /> | resting_place =<br /> | party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Wadham College, Oxford]]<br /> | other_party = [[National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)|National Liberal Party]]<br /> | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|Ethel Venables|1899|1902|end=died}} | {{marriage|[[Kathleen Rochard Manning]]|1917}}}} <br /> }}<br /> '''John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCSI|GCVO|OBE|PC}} (28&amp;nbsp;February 1873 – 11 January 1954) was a British politician who held senior Cabinet posts from the beginning of the First World War to the end of the Second World War. He is one of three people to have served as [[Home Secretary]], [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] and [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], the others being [[Rab Butler]] and [[James Callaghan]].<br /> <br /> He also served as [[Lord Chancellor]], the most senior position in the British legal system. Beginning his career as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6D8JRfARUrAC&amp;q=sir+john+simon+social+reform&amp;pg=PA209 |title=Fifty Key Figures in Twentieth-century British Politics |author=Keith Laybourn | author-link = Keith Laybourn |page=209 |year=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780415226769 |access-date=2016-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Jennings|first1=Ivor|title=Party Politics: Volume 2: The Growth of Parties|date=1961|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=268|isbn=9780521137942|access-date=3 August 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05NZRQX_X5YC&amp;q=John+Simon+right-wing+liberal&amp;pg=PA268}}&lt;/ref&gt; he joined the [[National Government (UK)|National Government]] in 1931, creating the [[National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)|Liberal National Party]] in the process. <br /> <br /> During the course of his political career, Simon supported numerous social reforms such as those related to social security,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kwQ-AAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA12&amp;dq=SIR+JOHN+SIMON+AT+PEEBLES&amp;article_id=2891,6087968&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiB76TVn9yTAxUkT6QEHbTBIxUQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=SIR%20JOHN%20SIMON%20AT%20PEEBLES&amp;f=false The Glasgow Herald 22 Dec 1913]&lt;/ref&gt; housing,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DRI1AAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA24&amp;dq=john+simon+social+reform+national+government&amp;article_id=6486,4228796&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjgjayyoNyTAxUPUaQEHYZGD-IQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=john%20simon%20social%20reform%20national%20government&amp;f=false The Glasgow Herald 27 Jul 1937]&lt;/ref&gt; and working conditions.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q2MRAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA12&amp;dq=sir+john+simon+moved+second+reading+factories+bill&amp;article_id=4311,4814329&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj98dmGodyTAxWrU6QEHarIMigQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=sir%20john%20simon%20moved%20second%20reading%20factories%20bill&amp;f=false The Age 13 Feb 1937]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background and education==<br /> Simon was born in a terraced house on [[Moss Side]], [[Manchester]], the eldest child and only son&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 369, states that he was an only child.&lt;/ref&gt; of Edwin Simon (1843–1920) and wife Fanny Allsebrook (1846–1936).&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;&gt;{{ODNBweb |first=D. J. |last=Dutton |title=Simon, John Allsebrook, first Viscount Simon (1873–1954) |origyear=2004 |year=2011 |edition=online |id=36098 | ref = none }}&lt;/ref&gt; His father was a [[Congregationalist]] minister, like three of his five brothers, and was pastor of Zion Chapel in [[Hulme]], Manchester. His mother was a farmer's daughter and a descendant of [[Sir Richard Pole]] and his wife, [[Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Congregational ministers were expected to move about the country.&lt;ref name=&quot;j369&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 369.&lt;/ref&gt; Simon was educated at [[King Edward's School, Bath]], as his father was President of Somerset Congregational Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; He was then a scholar of [[Fettes College]] in [[Edinburgh]],&lt;ref name=&quot;j369&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; where he was Head of School and won many prizes.&lt;ref name=&quot;j370&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 370.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He failed to win a scholarship to [[Balliol College, Oxford]], but won an open scholarship to [[Wadham College, Oxford]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;j370&quot;/&gt; He arrived at Wadham in 1892.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;&gt;Dutton 1992, pp. 7–9.&lt;/ref&gt; He achieved Seconds in Mathematics and [[Classical Moderations]].&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; He spoke in support of [[Herbert Samuel]] for [[Henley (UK Parliament constituency)|South Oxfordshire]] in the [[1895 United Kingdom general election|1895 election]]&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; and, after two terms as Junior Treasurer, became [[President of the Oxford Union]] in [[Hilary Term]] 1896,&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot; /&gt; Simon won the Barstow Law Scholarship and graduated with a [[British undergraduate degree classification|first]] in [[Greats]] in 1896.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's attendance at Wadham overlapped with those of [[F. E. Smith]], the cricketer [[C. B. Fry]]&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; and the journalist [[Francis Hirst]].&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; Smith, Fry and Simon played in the Wadham Rugby XV together.&lt;ref name=&quot;j371&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 371.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; Simon and Smith began a rivalry that lasted throughout their legal and political careers over the next 30 years. Simon was, in David Dutton's view, a finer scholar than Smith. Although Smith thought Simon pompous, Simon, in the words of a contemporary, thought that Smith excelled at &quot;the cheap score&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; A famous (although clearly untrue) malicious story had it that Smith and Simon had tossed a coin to decide which party to join.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 370. Jenkins states that Smith and Simon both started at Wadham on the same day in 1891, which is not supported by Dutton's more detailed biography.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was briefly a trainee leader writer for the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'' under [[C. P. Scott]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j371&quot;/&gt; Simon shared lodgings with [[Leo Amery]] while both were studying for the All Souls Fellowship (both were successful).&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; He became a Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] in 1897.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon left Oxford at the end of 1898&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; and was called to the bar at the [[Inner Temple]] in 1899.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; He was a [[pupillage|pupil]] of A. J. Ram and then of Sir [[Reginald Acland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Like many barristers, his career got off to a slow start: he earned a mere £27 in his first year at the bar.&lt;ref name=&quot;j371&quot;/&gt; At first, he earned some extra money by coaching candidates for the bar exams.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; As a barrister, he relied on logic and reason rather than oratory and histrionics, and he excelled at simplifying complex issues.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; He was a brilliant advocate of complex cases before judges although rather less so before juries.&lt;ref name=&quot;j367&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt; Some of his work was done on the [[Western Circuit]] at Bristol. He worked exceptionally hard, often preparing his cases through the night several times a week. His initial lack of connections made his eventual success at the Bar all the more impressive.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was widowed in 1902 and took solace in his work. He became a successful lawyer, and in 1903, he acted for the British government in the [[Alaska boundary dispute]].&lt;ref name=EB1922&gt;{{Cite EB1922 |wstitle=Simon, Sir John Allsebrook |volume=32 |pages=498–499}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even three years after his wife's death, he spent Christmas Day 1905 alone by walking aimlessly in France.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early political career==<br /> Simon entered the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] as a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Walthamstow (UK Parliament constituency)|Walthamstow]] at the [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906 general election]]. In 1908, he became a [[King's Counsel|KC]] (senior barrister)&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; at the same time as F. E. Smith.&lt;ref name=&quot;j370&quot;/&gt; Simon annoyed Smith by not telling his rival in advance that he was applying for silk.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1909, Simon spoke out strongly in parliament in support of [[David Lloyd George]]'s progressive &quot;[[People's Budget]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1909/nov/04/finance-bill-1#S5CV0012P0_19091104_HOC_279 |title=Finance Bill. (Hansard, 4 November 1909) |website=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |access-date=2016-04-01 |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915212219/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1909/nov/04/finance-bill-1#S5CV0012P0_19091104_HOC_279 |date=4 November 1909 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; He entered the government on 7 October 1910 as [[Solicitor General for England and Wales|solicitor-general]],&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=28424 |date=4 October 1910 |page=7247 |city=London }}&lt;/ref&gt; succeeding [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Rufus Isaacs]], and was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] later that month,&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=28429 |date=28 October 1910 |page=7611 |city=London }}&lt;/ref&gt; as was then usual for government law officers (Asquith brushed aside his objections).&lt;ref name=&quot;j372&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 372.&lt;/ref&gt; At 37, he was the youngest solicitor-general since the 1830s.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; In February 1911, he successfully prosecuted [[Edward Mylius]] for [[criminal libel]] for claiming that King [[George V]] was a [[bigamist]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; As [[ministerial by-election (UK)|was then required by the law]], he fought a by-election after his appointment.&lt;ref name=&quot;j372&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He was honoured with appointment as a [[Royal Victorian Order|KCVO]] in 1911.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Asquith referred to him as &quot;the Impeccable&quot; for his intellectual self-assurance,&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; but after a series of social encounters, he wrote that &quot;The Impeccable&quot; was becoming &quot;The Inevitable&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p366&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 366.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Along with Isaacs, Simon represented the [[Board of Trade]] at the public inquiry into the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the]] {{RMS|Titanic}} in 1912; their close questioning of witnesses helped to prepare the way for improved maritime safety measures.&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 17.&lt;/ref&gt; Unusually for a government law officer, he was active in partisan political debate.&lt;ref name=&quot;j372&quot;/&gt; When F. E. Smith first spoke from the Conservative front bench in 1912, Simon was put up next to oppose his old rival.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt; He was promoted on 19 October 1913 to [[Attorney General for England and Wales|attorney-general]],&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=28766 |date=21 October 1913 |page=7336 |city=London }}&lt;/ref&gt; again succeeding Isaacs. Unusually for an attorney-general, he was made a full member of Cabinet, as Isaacs had been, rather than simply being invited to attend when he was required. He was already being tipped as a potential future Liberal prime minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He was the leader of the (unsuccessful) cabinet rebels against [[Winston Churchill]]'s 1914 naval estimates. Asquith thought that Simon had organised &quot;a conclave of malcontents&quot; (Lloyd George, [[Reginald McKenna]], Samuel, [[Charles Hobhouse]] and [[William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp|Beauchamp]]). He wrote to Asquith that the &quot;loss of WC, though regrettable, is ''not'' by any means the splitting of the party&quot;. Lloyd George referred to Simon as &quot;a kind of [[Robespierre]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 373.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon contemplated resigning in protest at the declaration of war in August 1914 but, in the end, changed his mind.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; He was accused of hypocrisy even though his position was not actually very different from that of Lloyd George.&lt;ref name=&quot;j369&quot;/&gt; He remained in the Cabinet after Asquith reminded him of his public duty and hinted at promotion. He damaged himself in the eyes of Hobhouse (postmaster-general), [[Charles Masterman]] and the journalist C. P. Scott. [[Roy Jenkins]] believed that Simon was genuinely [[Opposition to World War I|opposed to war]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j374&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 374.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Early in 1915, Asquith rated Simon as &quot;equal seventh&quot; in his score list of the Cabinet, after his &quot;malaise of last autumn&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;j374&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Sir John Simon 1-3-16.jpg|thumb|left|Simon circa 1916]]<br /> <br /> ==First World War==<br /> On 25 May 1915, Simon became [[Home Secretary]] in Asquith's new coalition government. He declined an offer of the job of Lord Chancellor, which would have meant going to the Lords and restricting his active political career thereafter.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; As home secretary, he satisfied nobody. He tried to defend the [[Union of Democratic Control]] against [[Edward Carson]]'s attempt to prosecute it. However, he tried to ban ''[[The Times]]'' and the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' for criticising the government's conduct of the war but failed to obtain Cabinet support.&lt;ref name=&quot;j375&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 375.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He resigned in January 1916 in protest against the introduction of conscription of single men, which he thought a breach of Liberal principles.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; McKenna and [[Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford|Walter Runciman]] also opposed conscription but for different reasons: they thought that it would weaken British industry and wanted Britain to concentrate her war effort on the [[Royal Navy]] and supporting the other [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with finance.&lt;ref name=&quot;j375&quot;/&gt; In his memoirs, Simon would admit that his resignation from the Home Office had been a mistake.&lt;ref name=&quot;j376&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 376.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 1916, Simon became chairman of the Royal Commission on the Arrest... and Subsequent Treatment of [[Francis Sheehy-Skeffington]], Thomas Dickson and Patrick James McIntyre. The Commission published its report in September but without the evidential proceedings.&lt;ref&gt;The Irish Uprising, 1914-1921. Papers from the British Parliamentary Archive. [Includes the Report of the Royal Commission.. on the arrest and subsequent treatment...McIntyre]. The Stationery Office, 2000. pp.115-152. The evidential proceedings were published in the Dublin newspapers.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Asquith's fall in December 1916, Simon remained in opposition as an [[Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)|Asquithian Liberal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j376&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon proved his patriotism by serving as an officer on [[Trenchard]]'s staff in the [[Royal Flying Corps]]&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; for about a year, starting in the summer of 1917.&lt;ref name=&quot;j376&quot;/&gt; His duties included purchasing supplies in [[Paris]], where he married his second wife towards the end of 1917.&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 45.&lt;/ref&gt; Amidst questions as to whether it was appropriate for a serving officer to do so, Simon spoke in Trenchard's defence in Parliament when Trenchard resigned as [[Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of Air Staff]] after Trenchard had fallen out with the [[President of the Air Council]] [[Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere|Lord Rothermere]], who soon resigned. However, Simon was attacked in the [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Northcliffe Press]] (Northcliffe was Rothermere's brother).&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 46. Dutton states erroneously that Trenchard resigned as Commander of the Royal Flying Corps, the position which Trenchard had held on the Western Front in 1916 to 1917.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's Walthamstow constituency was split up at the [[1918 United Kingdom general election|&quot;Coupon Election&quot; in 1918]] and he was defeated at the new [[Walthamstow East]] division&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=EB1922/&gt; by a margin of more than 4,000 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;j376&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1920s==<br /> ===Out of Parliament===<br /> In 1919, he attempted to return to Parliament at the [[1919 Spen Valley by-election|Spen Valley by-election]]. Lloyd George put up a [[coalition Liberal]] candidate in Spen Valley to keep Simon out&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; and was active behind the scenes trying to see him defeated.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 377.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although the Coalition Liberals, who had formerly held the seat, were pushed into third place, Simon came second; in the view of [[Maurice Cowling]] (''The Impact of Labour 1920-4''), his defeat by Labour marked the point at which Labour began to be seen as a serious threat by the older political parties.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Impact of Labour 1920-1924: The Beginning of Modern British Politics (Cambridge Studies in the History and Theory of Politics) |first= Maurice|last= Cowling|year=1971 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Deputy leader of Liberals===<br /> In the early 1920s, he practised successfully at the bar before being elected for [[Spen Valley (UK Parliament constituency)|Spen Valley]] at the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|general election in 1922]], and from 1922 to 1924, he served as deputy leader of the Liberal Party (under Asquith).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vJxAAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=NqUMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1401,3010183 London Correspondence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425100906/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vJxAAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=NqUMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1401,3010183 |date=25 April 2016 }}&quot;, ''[[Glasgow Herald]]'', 24 November 1922, p. 9.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; In the early 1920s, he spoke in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] about [[Socialism in the United Kingdom|socialism]], the [[League of Nations]], [[Interwar unemployment and poverty in the United Kingdom|unemployment]] and [[Irish revolutionary period|Ireland]]. He may well have hoped to succeed Asquith as Liberal leader. He retired temporarily from the Bar around then.&lt;ref name=&quot;j378&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 378.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 1924, Simon moved the amendment that brought down the first Labour government. At [[1924 United Kingdom general election|that year's general election]], the Conservatives were returned to power, and the Liberals were reduced to a rump of just over 40 MPs. Although Asquith, who had lost his seat, remained leader of the party, [[Lloyd George]] was elected chairman of the Liberal MPs by 29 votes to 9. Simon abstained in the vote. By this time he was increasingly [[anti-socialist]] and quite friendly to the Conservative leader [[Stanley Baldwin]] and clashed increasingly with Lloyd George. He stood down as deputy leader and returned to the Bar.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;j378&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===General strike and Simon Commission===<br /> Unlike Lloyd George, Simon opposed the [[1926 general strike]]. On 6 May, the fourth day of the strike, he declared in the House of Commons that the strike was illegal&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; and argued that it was not entitled to the legal privileges of the [[Trade Disputes Act 1906]] and that the union bosses would be &quot;liable to the utmost farthing&quot; in damages for the harm that they inflicted on businesses and for inciting the men to break their contracts of employment. Simon was highly respected as an authority on the law but was neither popular nor seen as a political leader.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 379.&lt;/ref&gt; Trade Union historian [[Henry Pelling]] comments that Simon's speech was clearly intended to intimidate, but had little effect. A few days later he was answered by Labour’s Sir [[Henry Slesser]], who argued that a strike was only illegal if it could be proven to be a seditious conspiracy against the state. Pelling believes that Slesser was right as sympathetic strikes were not explicitly made illegal until the [[Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927]].&lt;ref&gt;Although Pelling does not mention it, the article on the 1927 Act lists case law (''National Sailors and Firemen's Union v Reed'' [1926] 1 Ch 536) in which the judge ruled secondary action illegal, a position subsequently enshrined into statute the following year. The legality of secondary action was, therefore, perhaps still a moot point when Simon and Slesser were speaking.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pelling 1992, p. 165&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was then one of the highest-paid barristers of his generation and was believed to earn between £36,000 and £70,000 per annum ({{inflation|UK|70000|1926|fmt=eq|cursign=£|r=-5}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;j376&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;measuringworth.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php |title=Compute the Relative Value of a U.K. Pound |access-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331194822/https://measuringworth.com/ukcompare/result.php |archive-date=31 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It seemed for a while that he might abandon politics altogether.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Simon spoke for the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] in the [[Labrador boundary dispute]] with [[Canada]] before he announced his permanent retirement from the Bar.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 380.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From 1927 to 1931, he chaired the Indian Constitutional Development Committee or the Indian Statutory Commission, known as the [[Simon Commission]], on the [[constitution of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j381&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 381.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Upon the commission's arrival in [[Bombay]] in [[February 1928]], it was immediately met with a [[hartal]] and protestors holding black flags and banners reading &quot;[[List of political slogans|Simon Go Back]]&quot; (coined by [[Yusuf Meherally]]) involving prominent Indian political leaders such as [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and [[Tanguturi Prakasam]]. The protests erupted due to the lack of Indian representation on the commission, with the group composed of seven all-British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Tarique |first=Mohammad |date=2008 |title=Modern Indian History |location=New Delhi |publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-066030-4 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> His personality was already something of an issue: [[Neville Chamberlain]] wrote of him to the [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Irwin]] (12 August 1928): &quot;I am always trying to like him, and believing I shall succeed when something crops up to put me off&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1998 pp. 366&quot;&gt;[[Jenkins, Roy]] ''The Chancellors'' (London: Macmillan, 1998), pp. 366–67.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Dutton describes Simon's eventual report as a &quot;lucid exposition of the problems of the subcontinent in all their complexity&quot;. However, Simon had been hampered by the inquiry's terms of reference (no Indians had been included on the committee), and his conclusions were overshadowed by the Irwin Declaration of October 1929, which Simon opposed, which promised India eventual [[dominion status]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j381&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Simon was appointed [[GCSI]] 1930.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Liberal National split and moving towards Conservatives===<br /> Before serving on the committee, Simon had obtained a guarantee that he would not be opposed by a Conservative candidate at Spen Valley at the [[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929 general election]], and, indeed he was never again opposed by a Conservative.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, pp. 377, 381.&lt;/ref&gt; During the late 1920s and especially during the 1929-31 Parliament, in which Labour had no majority but continued in office with the help of the Liberals, Simon was seen as the leader of the minority of Liberal MPs who disliked Lloyd George's inclination to support Labour, rather than the Conservatives. Simon still supported free trade during the 1929-31 Parliament.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1930, Simon headed the official inquiry into the [[R101]] airship disaster.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 1931, before the formation of the National Government, Simon resigned the Liberal whip. In September, Simon and his 30-or-so followers became the [[National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)|Liberal Nationals]] (later renamed the &quot;National Liberals&quot;) and increasingly aligned themselves with the Conservatives for practical purposes.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;j381&quot;/&gt; Simon was accused by Lloyd George of leaving &quot;the slime of hypocrisy&quot; as he crossed the floor (on another occasion, Lloyd George is said to have commented that he had &quot;sat on the fence so long the iron has entered into his soul&quot;, but this quote is more difficult to verify).&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p366&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1930s: National Government==<br /> ===Foreign Secretary===<br /> &lt;!--[[Image:John Simon.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Sir John Simon on the front cover of ''Time'', 21 March 1932]]--&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was not initially included in [[Ramsay MacDonald]]'s National Government, which was formed in August 1931. Simon offered to give up his seat at Spen Valley to MacDonald if the latter had trouble holding [[Seaham (UK Parliament constituency)|Seaham]] (MacDonald held the seat in [[1931 United Kingdom general election|1931]] but lost it in [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;j382&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 382.&lt;/ref&gt; On 5 November 1931, Simon was appointed [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] when the National Government was reconstituted.&lt;ref name=&quot;j382&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; The appointment was at first greeted with acclaim.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Simon's Liberal Nationals continued to support protectionism and [[Ramsay MacDonald]]'s National Government after the departure of the mainstream Liberals, led by [[Herbert Samuel]], who left the government in 1932 and formally went into Opposition in November 1933.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's tenure of office saw a number of important events in foreign policy, including the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]], which had begun in September 1931, before he had taken office. Simon attracted particular opprobrium for his speech to the General Assembly of the [[League of Nations]] at [[Geneva]] on 7 December 1932 in which he failed to denounce [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] unequivocally.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Douglas Reed, ''All Our Tomorrows'' (1942), p. 62: Geneva, 1931, &quot;Sir John Simon congratulated by the Japanese emissary for presentation of Japan's case against China&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Thereafter, Simon was known as the &quot;Man of [[Manchukuo]]&quot; and was compared unfavourably to the young [[Anthony Eden]], who was popular at Geneva.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p384&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 384.&lt;/ref&gt; Simon was excellent in offering up an analysis of a problem in which he would lay out the advantages and disadvantages of each option, but he had much difficulty in choosing which to select, much to the vexation of Eden who complained &quot;he expects the Cabinet to find his policy for him-Poor Simon is no fighter. Nothing will make him into one&quot;.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=149}} Simon's inability to choose an option reflected his background as a lawyer where he would lay out all the possible options for his client, who would then choose which option to pursue.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=149}}<br /> <br /> The British historian David Dutton wrote that some of the attacks on Simon's handling of the Japanese conquest of Manchuria were not fair in the sense that everything is put down to Simon's supposed personal weaknesses rather than to the so-called [[Ten Year Rule]] instituted in 1919 by the War Secretary [[Winston Churchill]] which stated that [[Military budget of the United Kingdom|British defence spending]] was to be based on the assumption that there would be no major war in the next ten years.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=150}} As a result of the Ten Year Rule, Britain did not have sufficient military forces to face Japan, most notably as [[Singapore Naval Base]], begun in 1921, was still under construction.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=150}} Simon's tendency to equivocate with regard to Manchuria and his suggestions that more research was needed to establish whether Japan had committed aggression or not was a way of covering up the fact that Britain was not capable of fighting a major war in 1931.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=150-151}} In particular, Simon's equivocating was to cover up the fact that the much vaulted [[Singapore strategy]] was a sham as the Singapore naval base would not be finished until 1938. Moreover, although the League of Nations' collective security doctrine should had required the other members of the League to respond to an act of aggression against China, there was little support in Britain in 1931 for going to war against Japan for the sake of a Chinese province of whose existence many people only learned when Japan seized it.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=150-151}} Adding to the charge against Simon was the claim that the [[Presidency of Herbert Hoover|administration of Herbert Hoover]] wanted to have the [[United States]] act against Japan and that Simon spurred the American offer.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=150-151}} The historian [[A. L. Rowse]], who belonged to the &quot;guilty men&quot; school of historiography and who tended to be very harsh in his writings towards Simon, conceded that this claim that Simon rejected American offers in 1931-1932 to take joint action against Japan was a myth, apparently invented by American historians to explain why the United States was not more forceful in responding to Japan's aggression.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=151}}<br /> <br /> However, it is true that in January 1932 Simon rejected an offer by the American Secretary of State [[Henry L. Stimson]] calling for a joint Anglo-American declaration stating that they would never establish diplomatic relations with the sham state of Manchukuo, which was viewed in Japan as a pro-Japanese gesture that reflected a quiet sympathy for Japan's actions.{{sfn|Ogata|1964|p=164}} Japanese diplomats and generals believed that Britain could be persuaded to accept Manchukuo in exchange for a promise that Japan would support Britain in upholding its [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] rights in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]], and that there was no prospect of any British action against Japan as long as Simon remained Foreign Secretary.{{sfn|Ogata|1964|p=164}} Japanese diplomats viewed Labour and the Liberals as the &quot;[[Anti-Japanese sentiment|anti-Japanese]]&quot; parties committed to the League of Nations while the Conservatives were viewed as the &quot;pro-Japanese&quot; imperialist party committed to ''realpolitik'' in upholding the [[British Empire|British empire]] in [[Asia]].{{sfn|Ogata|1964|p=164}} Though Simon was a Liberal, he was felt in Japan to be closer to the Conservatives in his views.{{sfn|Ogata|1964|p=164}} The repeated demands by the Chinese for the abolition of all the extraterritorial rights in China held by foreign powers gained via the so-called &quot;[[unequal treaties]]&quot; in the 19th century was felt in Japan to be the basis of a common Anglo-Japanese front against China that would ultimately lead to Britain recognising Manchukuo.{{sfn|Ogata|1964|p=164-165}}<br /> <br /> At the same time, [[Adolf Hitler]] was [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|coming to power in Germany]] in January 1933. Hitler immediately withdrew [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] from the League of Nations and announced a programme of [[German rearmament|rearmament]], initially to give Germany armed forces commensurate with France and other powers. Simon did not foresee the sheer scale of Hitler's ambitions, but Dutton pointed out, the same was then true for many others.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's term of office also saw the failure of the [[World Disarmament Conference]] (1932-1934). His contribution was not entirely in vain since he proposed qualitative (seeking to limit or ban certain types of weapon), rather than quantitative (simple numbers of weapons), disarmament.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon does not appear to have been considered for the post of [[Chancellor of Oxford University]] in succession to [[Viscount Grey]] in 1933 since Simon was then at the depth of his unpopularity as Foreign Secretary. [[Lord Irwin]] was elected, and since he lived until 1959, the job did not fall vacant again in Simon's lifetime.&lt;ref name=&quot;j392&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 392.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There was talk of Neville Chamberlain, who dominated the government's domestic policy, becoming Foreign Secretary, but that would have been intolerable to MacDonald, who took a keen interest in foreign affairs and wanted a leading non-Conservative in that role. In 1933 and late 1934, Simon was being criticised by both [[Austen Chamberlain|Austen]] and Neville Chamberlain as well as by Eden, Lloyd George, [[Nancy Astor]], [[David Margesson]], [[Vincent Massey]], Runciman, [[Jan Smuts]] and Churchill.&lt;ref name=&quot;j382&quot;/&gt; In March 1935, Simon visited Berlin to meet Adolf Hitler at the Reich Chancellery.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=152}} Just before departing, Simon told King George V that he believed the repudiation of Part V of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] (the section of the treaty dealing with the military disarmament of Germany) was the beginning, and that he felt likely that Hitler also wanted the [[remilitarisation of the Rhineland]], the repudiation of Part VI of the Treaty of Versailles (the section dealing with the naval disarmament of Germany) along with the return of the [[Free City of Danzig]] (modern [[Gdańsk]]), [[Memelland|Memel]] (modern [[Klaipėda]]), and the former [[German colonial empire|German colonies]] in Africa.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=152}} Simon reported after his meeting in the Reich Chancellery that Hitler's foreign policy was &quot;very dangerous for the peace of Europe&quot; and the results might be &quot;terrible beyond conception&quot;.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=153}} However, Simon stated that thinking along these lines was &quot;pretty hopeless&quot; and resolved to keep to press for Germany to return to the World Disarmament Conference, which had abjured in 1934, and the League of Nations.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=153}} Because the rules of the League of Nations forbade member nations from attacking each other, Simon attached enormous symbolic significance to a German return to the League as a symbol of Germany's willingness to be a responsible member of the international system.{{sfn|Dutton|2011|p=152}}<br /> <br /> Simon accompanied MacDonald to negotiate the [[Stresa Front]] with France and Italy in April 1935, but it was MacDonald who took the lead in the negotiations.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p384&quot;/&gt; Simon himself did not think that Stresa would stop German rearmament – indeed, he told the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in 1934 that Germany's rearmament was &quot;vital to peace&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Samuel Grafton, New York Post, June 7, 1940&lt;/ref&gt; – but thought that it might be a useful deterrent against territorial aggression by Hitler.&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 220.&lt;/ref&gt; The first stirrings of [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Italian aggression towards Abyssinia]] (now [[Ethiopia]]) were also then seen. During Simon's tenure of the Foreign Office, British defence strength was at its lowest point of the interwar period, which severely limited his freedom of action.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Even Simon's colleagues thought that he had been a disastrous Foreign Secretary, &quot;the worst since [[Æthelred the Unready]]&quot;, as one wag put it. He was better at analysing a problem than at concluding and acting.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Jenkins commented that he was a bad Foreign Secretary in the view of his contemporaries and ever since and concurs that he was better at analysing than solving. Neville Chamberlain thought he always sounded as though he was speaking from a brief.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 383.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;j382&quot;/&gt; Simon's officials despaired of him since he had few thoughts of his own, solutions were imposed on him by others and he defended them only weakly.&lt;ref name=&quot;j368&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 368.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Leo Amery]] was a rare defender of Simon's record: in 1937, he recorded that Simon &quot;really had been a sound foreign minister – and Stresa marked the nearest Europe has been to peace since 1914&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Dutton 1992, p. 207.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Home Secretary===<br /> Simon served as Home Secretary (in [[Stanley Baldwin]]'s Third Government) from 7 June 1935 to 28 May 1937. That position was in Dutton's view better suited to his abilities than the Foreign Office.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Rose|first=Kenneth|author-link=Kenneth Rose|title=King George V|year=1983|publisher=[[Weidenfeld and Nicolson]]| location=London|page=402|isbn=0-297-78245-2|oclc=9909629|quote=It was thus that on the morning of 20 January 1936, three members of the Privy Council came down to Sandringham... MacDonald, the Lord President of the Council; Hailsham, the Lord Chancellor; and Simon, the Home Secretary.}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also became Deputy [[Leader of the House of Commons]] on the understanding that the latter position would be given to Neville Chamberlain after the [[1935 United Kingdom general election|election]] (in the event, it was not).&lt;ref name=&quot;j385&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 385.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1936 Simon was the last Home Secretary to attend a royal birth (of [[Princess Alexandra (born 1936)|Princess Alexandra]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/100028|title=Royal babies and The Gazette|work=The Gazette|access-date=22 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== The Battle of Cable Street ====<br /> In 1936 – despite pressure from the former Labour leader and MP [[George Lansbury]], as well as from mayors of five East London Boroughs ([[Metropolitan Borough of Hackney|Hackney]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch|Shoreditch]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Stepney|Stepney]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green|Bethnal Green]] and [[Metropolitan Borough of Poplar|Poplar]]) and a 100,000 signature-strong petition from local East Londoners (organised by the Jewish People's Council) – the then-home secretary Simon refused to ban a march organised by the [[British Union of Fascists]] (BUF) through the then predominantly Jewish [[East End of London]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mills |first=Roger |date=1997 |title=The Art of Cable Street |journal=Rising East: The Journal of East London Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=165 |isbn=0-85315-846-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; The BUF's announcement of this large-scale march was widely regarded &quot;an act of provocation (...) aimed at (...) [[British Jews|Jews]] and [[Communist Party of Great Britain|Communists]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Fishman |first=W.J. |title=History from Below: Studies in Popular Ideology in Honour of George Rude |date=1985 |publisher=Concordia University |editor-last=Krantz |editor-first=Frederick |location=Montreal |publication-date=1985 |chapter=A People's Journee: The Battle Of Cable Street}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ensuing events have since become known as the [[Battle of Cable Street]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-15171772|title=Cable Street: 'Solidarity stopped Mosley's fascists'|work=[[BBC News]]|date=4 October 2011 |access-date=13 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Two days after the event, the Labour Party Annual Conference denounced Sir John Simon for not banning the march and articulated a need for legislation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Osaka 1868-1945: usages politiques de la rue = Ōsaka 1868-1945 |date=2019 |publisher=SFHU, Société Française d'Histoire Urbaine |isbn=978-2-914350-55-6 |editor-last=Carré |editor-first=Guillaume |series=Histoire urbaine |location=Marne-la-Vallée |editor-last2=Fernandez |editor-first2=Beatriz |editor-last3=González Alemán |editor-first3=Marianne |editor-last4=Société Française d'Histoire Urbaine}}&lt;/ref&gt; While the ensuing [[Public Order Act 1936|Public Order Act]] (1936) did successfully restrict politically extremist movements, it was nevertheless criticised for handing significant powers to the police to determine the routes of marches and processions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Public Order act's legacy remains mixed and its authorship is contested,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Difficult legacy of the Battle of Cable Street |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/difficult-legacy-of-the-battle-of-cable-street-hbe86nlr |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=The Jewish Chronicle |date=29 September 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; but records show that Simon did commend the bill to the house.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PUBLIC ORDER BILL. (Hansard, 16 November 1936) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1936/nov/16/public-order-bill |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=api.parliament.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Other issues'''<br /> <br /> Simon also played a key role behind the scenes in the [[Edward VIII abdication crisis|1936 Abdication Crisis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot; /&gt; In 2013 it was revealed that he was so worried about the behaviour of King [[Edward VIII]] that he ordered the bugging of his telephone line.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-22634836 King Edward VIII bugged during abdication crisis], BBC News, 23 May 2013&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was one of the signatories to the [[Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=Historic Anglo-Egyptian treaty signed in London – archive, 1936 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/27/historic-anglo-egyptian-treaty-signed-in-london-archive-1936 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827232733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/27/historic-anglo-egyptian-treaty-signed-in-london-archive-1936 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also introduced the [[Factories Act 1937]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j385&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Sir_John_Simon/ZoJ1AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=The+biggest+piece+of+legislation+launched+in+Simon%27s+time+factory+bill+1937&amp;pg=PA305&amp;printsec=frontcover Sir John Simon Being an Account of the Life and Career of John Allsebrook Simon, G.C.S.I., K.C.V.O., K.C., M.P. By Carl Eric Bechhofer Roberts, 1938, P.305]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Liberals_in_Schism/bg6MDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=most+striking+liberal+national+appointments+john+simon&amp;pg=PA106&amp;printsec=frontcover Liberals in Schism A History of the National Liberal Party By David Dutton, 2008, P.106]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Chancellor of the Exchequer===<br /> ====Peace====<br /> In 1937, [[Neville Chamberlain]] succeeded Baldwin as prime minister. Simon succeeded Chamberlain as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] and was raised to [[GCVO]] in 1937. As Chancellor, he tried to keep arms spending as low as possible in the belief that a strong [[Economy of the United Kingdom|economy]] was the &quot;fourth arm of defence&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; In 1937, he presented a finance bill that was based on the budget that Chamberlain had drawn up before being promoted.&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 388.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1938, [[Government spending in the United Kingdom|public expenditure]] passed the previously unthinkable level of £1,000m for the first time. In the spring 1938 budget, Simon raised the [[Income Tax in the United Kingdom|income tax]] from 5s to 5s 6d and increased duties on tea and petrol.&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon had become a close political ally of Chamberlain&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; and flattered him a great deal. In the autumn of 1938, he led the Cabinet to [[Heston Airport]] to wish him God speed on his flight to meet Hitler, and he helped to persuade Chamberlain to make the &quot;high&quot; case for Munich: that he had achieved a lasting peace, rather than that he had only limited potential damage.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 386.&lt;/ref&gt; He retained the support of Chamberlain until around the middle of 1939.&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the spring 1939 budget, income tax was unchanged, and the [[surtax]] was increased, as were indirect taxes on cars, sugar and tobacco. It was not a war budget even though Hitler had already broken the [[Munich Agreement|Munich Accords]] by [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|occupying Prague]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ====War====<br /> On 2 September 1939, Simon led a deputation of ministers to see Chamberlain to insist for Britain to honour her [[Anglo-Polish alliance|guarantee to Poland]] and go to war if Hitler did not withdraw. Simon became a member of the small [[War Cabinet]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> On the outbreak of war, the [[pound sterling]] was devalued, with very little attention, from $4.89 to $4.03.&lt;ref name=&quot;j389&quot;/&gt; At the emergency budget of September 1939, public expenditure had passed £2,000m; income tax was increased from 5s 6d (27.5%) to 7s 6d (37.5%); duties on alcohol, petrol and sugar were hiked; and a 60% tax on excess profits was introduced.&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's political position weakened as he came to be seen as a symbol of foot-dragging and the lack of commitment to total war. Along with Labour's dislike of Chamberlain, he was used as an excuse by the opposition parties for not joining the government on the outbreak of war. [[Archibald Sinclair]], the leader of the &quot;official&quot; Liberal Party, said that for over seven years, Simon had been &quot;the evil genius of British foreign policy&quot;. [[Hugh Dalton]] and [[Clement Attlee]] were very critical of Simon, as were many government backbenchers.&lt;ref name=&quot;j389&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 389.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Chamberlain privately told colleagues that he found Simon &quot;very much deteriorated&quot;. Simon's position weakened after Churchill rejoined the Cabinet on the outbreak of war and got on surprisingly well with Chamberlain, who toyed with the idea of replacing Simon with former Chancellor [[Reginald McKenna]] (then aged 76) or [[Lord Stamp]], the chairman of the [[LMS Railway]] who had a secret meeting at Downing Street about the position. Even [[David Margesson, 1st Viscount Margesson|Captain Margesson]], the [[Chief Whip]], fancied his chances for the position.&lt;ref name=&quot;j389&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon's last budget, in April 1940, saw public spending pass £2,700m, 46% of which was paid for from taxation and the rest from borrowing.&lt;ref name=&quot;j388&quot;/&gt; Simon's April 1940 budget kept income tax at 7s 6d; a ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' cartoon expressed a widely-held view that it should have been increased to 10s (50%). Tax allowances were increased. Postal charges were increased, as were charges on tobacco, matches and alcohol. The [[purchase tax]], an ancestor of today's [[value-added tax]] (VAT), was introduced.&lt;ref name=&quot;j389&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 1940, he rejected [[John Maynard Keynes]]' idea of a forced loan, a tax disguised as a compulsory purchase of [[Gilt-edged securities|government securities]]. Keynes wrote a coruscating letter of rebuke to ''The Times''. Simon found himself criticised, from opposite ends of the spectrum, by [[Leo Amery]] and [[Aneurin Bevan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j390&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 390.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Lord Chancellor==<br /> In May 1940, following the [[Norway Debate]], Simon urged Chamberlain to stand firm as Prime Minister although Simon offered to resign and take [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Samuel Hoare]] with him.&lt;ref name=&quot;j390&quot;/&gt; By 1940, Simon, along with his successor as Foreign Secretary, Hoare, had come to be seen as one of the &quot;[[Guilty Men]]&quot; responsible for [[appeasement]] of the dictators, and like Hoare, Simon was not regarded as acceptable in the [[Churchill war ministry|War Cabinet]] of Churchill's new coalition. [[Hugh Dalton]] thought Simon &quot;the snakiest of the lot&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p366&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon became [[Lord Chancellor]] in Churchill's government but without a place on the War Cabinet. Attlee commented that he &quot;will be quite innocuous&quot; in the role.&lt;ref name=&quot;j390&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;At the time, besides being Minister in charge of the judiciary, the Lord Chancellor was also Speaker of the House of Lords and was himself the most senior judge. He sat as one of the [[Law Lords]], the senior judges who carried out the [[judicial functions of the House of Lords]]. They were a predecessor to today's [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]].&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 May 1940, he was created [[Viscount Simon]], of [[Stackpole Elidor]] in the County of Pembroke, a village from which his father traced descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In Dutton's view, of all the senior positions which he held, that was the one for which he was most suited. As Lord Chancellor, he delivered important judgements on the damages due for death caused by negligence and on how the judge ought to direct the jury in a murder trial if a possible defence of [[Manslaughter in English law|manslaughter]] arose.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; In 1943 alone, he delivered 43 major judgements on complex cases. RVF Heuston (''Lives of the Lord Chancellors'') described him as a &quot;superb&quot; Lord Chancellor. Jenkins comments that it is even more impressive in that many senior judges had over 20 years' experience at that level, whereas Simon had been retired from the law since 1928.&lt;ref name=&quot;j391&quot;&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 391.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon interrogated [[Rudolf Hess]], who had flown to [[Scotland]],&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;j391&quot;/&gt; and also chaired the Royal Commission on the Birthrate.&lt;ref name=&quot;j391&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 1945, after the end of the wartime coalition, Simon continued as Lord Chancellor but was not included in the Cabinet of the short-lived [[Churchill caretaker ministry]]. After Churchill's defeat in the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]], Simon never held office again.&lt;ref name=&quot;j390&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Later life==<br /> Although he had won plaudits for his legal skills as Lord Chancellor, [[Clement Attlee]] declined to appoint him to the British delegation at the [[Nuremberg trials|Nuremberg War Trials]] and told him bluntly in a letter that Simon's role in the pre-war governments made it unwise.&lt;ref name=&quot;j391&quot;/&gt; Simon remained active in the [[House of Lords]] and as a senior judge on the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]. He wrote a well-regarded practitioners' text ''Simon on Income Tax'' in 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; During the drafting of the [[Criminal Justice Act 1948]], it was Simon who proposed the eventual insertion of the abolition of the [[privilege of peerage]] for criminal courts.&lt;ref&gt;Lovell, Colin Rhys. &quot;The Trial of Peers in Great Britain.&quot; The American Historical Review 55, no. 1 (1949): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/1841088&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1948, Simon succeeded [[Lord Sankey]] as [[High Steward of Oxford University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; The position is often held by a distinguished Oxonian lawyer. Relations with his nearly-alcoholic wife were somewhat strained, and he increasingly spent his weekends at All Souls,&lt;ref name=&quot;j392&quot;/&gt; of which he was Senior Fellow.&lt;ref name=&quot;d7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was a vigorous campaigner against socialism, across the country in the general elections of 1945, [[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950]] and [[1951 United Kingdom general election|1951]].&lt;ref name=&quot;j392&quot;/&gt; Churchill blocked Simon, who had stepped down as leader of the National Liberals in 1940, from joining the Conservative Party.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Churchill was keen to lend Conservative support to the (official) Liberals, including his old friend Lady [[Violet Bonham Carter]], but blocked a full merger between the Conservatives and the National Liberals although a constituency-level merger was negotiated with the Conservative Party chairman [[Lord Woolton]] in 1947 (thereafter, the National Liberals were increasingly absorbed into the Conservatives for practical purposes until they fully merged in 1968).&lt;ref name=&quot;j392&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Although Simon was still physically and mentally vigorous (aged 78) when the Conservatives returned to power in 1951, Churchill offered him neither a return to the [[Woolsack]] nor any other office.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; In 1952, Simon published his memoirs, ''Retrospect''.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; The quote &quot;I so very tire of politics. The early death of too many a great man is attributed to her touch&quot; is from Simon's memoir. [[Harold Nicolson]] reviewed the book as describing the &quot;nectarines and peaches of office&quot; as if they were &quot;a bag of prunes&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;j367&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon died from a stroke on 11 January 1954. He was an [[atheist]] and was cremated in his Oxford robes.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; His estate was valued for probate at £93,006 12s ({{inflation|UK|93006|1954|fmt=eq|cursign=£|r=-5}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IolLcc5htJoC&amp;q=John+simon+viscount+1954+death&amp;pg=PA298 |title=British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary |author=Keith Laybourn |author-link = Keith Laybourn |page=298 |year=2001 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9781576070437 |access-date=2016-04-01 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108140430/https://books.google.com/books?id=IolLcc5htJoC&amp;q=John+simon+viscount+1954+death&amp;pg=PA298 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;measuringworth.com&quot;/&gt; Despite his huge earnings at the Bar, he was not particularly greedy for money and was generous to All Souls, to junior barristers and to the children of friends.&lt;ref name=&quot;j368&quot;/&gt; His personal papers are preserved in the [[Bodleian Library]], Oxford.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/simon/simon.html|title=Catalogue of the papers of John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount Simon, mainly 1894-1953|date=1979|access-date=22 March 2016|website=bodley.ox.ac.uk|publisher=Bodleian Libraries, Oxford|last=Langley|first=Helen|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113842/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/simon/simon.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Private life and personality==<br /> [[File:Kathleen Simon.jpg|thumb|[[Kathleen Simon, Viscountess Simon|Dame Kathleen Simon]], Viscountess Simon (17 February 1920)]]<br /> Simon married Ethel Mary Venables, a niece of the historian [[J. R. Green]], on 24 May 1899 in [[Headington]], [[Oxfordshire]]. They had three children: Margaret (born 1900, who later married Geoffrey Edwards), Joan (born 1901, who later married John Bickford-Smith) and John Gilbert, 2nd Viscount Simon (1902–1993). Ethel died soon after the birth of their son Gilbert, in September 1902.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> There are some suggestions that his first wife's death may have been caused by misguided use of homeopathic medicines, which added to Simon's guilt. In Jenkins' view, widowerhood, although common for politicians of the era, may have affected Simon's cold personality. He later apparently tried to persuade [[Margaret Greville]], the hostess of [[Polesden Lacey]], to marry him.&lt;ref name=&quot;j371&quot;/&gt; Greville later claimed that he had told her that he would marry the next woman he met.&lt;ref name=&quot;d325&quot;&gt;Dutton 1992, pp. 325–6.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1917, in Paris, Simon married the [[abolitionism|abolition]] activist [[Kathleen Manning]] (1863/64–1955), a widow with one adult son, who had for a while been governess to his children.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; Her social gaucheness and inability to play the part of a great lady caused embarrassment on the Simon Commission in the late 1920s, and Neville Chamberlain found her &quot;a sore trial&quot;. She had increasing health problems and &quot;dr[ank] to excess&quot; as she grew older.&lt;ref name=&quot;d325&quot;/&gt; Jenkins wrote that she was tactless and, by the late 1930s, had become a virtual alcoholic but that Simon treated her with &quot;tolerance and kindness&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;j372&quot;/&gt; In 1938, Simon stepped down at Spen Valley and was selected as candidate for [[Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Great Yarmouth]] since he needed a seat nearer London for the sake of his wife's health (in the event, he never stood for his new seat but remained MP for Spen Valley until his elevation to the Lords in 1940).&lt;ref name=&quot;d325&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon bought [[Fritwell Manor]] in [[Oxfordshire]], in 1911 and lived there until 1933.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Lobel|first=Mary D.|title=[[Victoria County History]]: A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 6|year=1959|pages=134–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was an avid chess player and frequently sought for as a dignitary to open major chess tournaments in England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/simon.html|title=A Chessplaying Statesman by Edward Winter|website=www.chesshistory.com|access-date=12 October 2020|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927230935/https://chesshistory.com/winter/extra/simon.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was neither liked nor trusted, and he was never seriously considered for prime minister.&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 365.&lt;/ref&gt; He possessed an unfortunately chilly manner, and from at least 1914 onwards, he had difficulty in conveying an impression that he was acting from honourable motives. His awkward attempts to strike up friendships with his colleagues (asking his Cabinet colleagues to call him &quot;Jack&quot;: only [[J. H. Thomas]] did so, and Neville Chamberlain settled on &quot;John&quot;) often fell flat.&lt;ref&gt;[[Jenkins, Roy]] ''The Chancellors'' (London: Macmillan, 1998), p. 366.&lt;/ref&gt; Jenkins likens him to the nursery rhyme character [[I do not like thee, Doctor Fell|Dr Fell]].&lt;ref&gt;Jenkins 1999, p. 369: &quot;I do not like thee Dr Fell, the reason why I cannot tell, but this I know and know full well, I do not like thee Dr Fell&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; In the 1930s, his reputation sank particularly low. Although Simon's athletic build and good looks were remarked on even into his old age, the cartoonist [[David Low (cartoonist)|David Low]] portrayed him with, in Low's own words, a &quot;sinuous writhing body&quot; to reflect his &quot;disposition to subtle compromise&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot;/&gt; [[Harold Nicolson]], after Simon had grabbed his arm from behind to talk to him (19 October 1944), wrote pithily &quot;God what a toad and a worm Simon is!&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1999, p366&quot;/&gt; Another anecdote, from the late 1940s, tells how the socialist intellectual [[G. D. H. Cole]] got into a third-class compartment on the train back from Oxford to London to break off conversation with Simon; to his dismay, Simon followed suit, only for both men to produce first-class tickets when the inspector did his rounds.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jenkins 1998 pp. 366&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Simon was devoted to his mother&lt;ref name=&quot;j368&quot; /&gt; and wrote a well-received ''Portrait of My Mother'' in 1936 after her death.&lt;ref name=&quot;odnb&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cases==<br /> ===House of Lords===<br /> *''[[Nokes v Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries Ltd]]'' [1940] AC 1014<br /> <br /> ===Judicial Committee of the Privy Council===<br /> *''Abitibi Power and Paper Company Limited v. Montreal Trust Company'', [1943] AC 536, [https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1943/1943_37.html [1943&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; UKPC 37] (PC – Canada): ''[[Constitution Act, 1867]]'', s. 92(13) – provincial power to enact specific moratorium legislation<br /> *''Atlantic Smoke Shops Limited v Conlon'', [1943] AC 550, [https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1943/1943_44.html [1943&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; UKPC 44] (PC – Canada): ''Constitution Act, 1867'', s. 92(2) – provincial power to impose sales taxes<br /> *''The Attorney General of Ontario and others v The Canada Temperance Foundation and others'', [1946] AC 193, [https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1946/1946_2.html [1946&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; UKPC 2] (PC – Canada): ''Constitution Act, 1867'', s. 91, &quot;peace, order and good government&quot; – federal power to enact laws relating to matters of national concern<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |first=Anthony |last=Best |chapter=Sir John Simon (1873–1959) and 'This Manchurian Briar Patch'|editor-first=Hugh|editor-last=Cortazzi |title=Britain &amp; Japan: Biographical Portraits |volume=9 |pages=595–608 |doi=10.1017/9781898823278.054 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-898823-27-8 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/britain-japan-biographical-portraits-vol-ix/sir-john-simon-18731959-and-this-manchurian-briar-patch/E92A7B4CCFA6991E31A2D81D1C7CB9B0}}<br /> *{{cite book |first=Anthony |last=Best |chapter=Sir John Simon, 1873–1954 [1st Viscount Simon] Foreign Secretary, 1931–35|editor-first1=Anthony|editor-last1=Best|editor-first2=Hugh|editor-last2=Cortazzi |title=British Foreign Secretaries and Japan 1850–1990: Aspects of the Evolution of British Foreign Policy |pages=162–172 |doi=10.1017/9781898823742.017 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-898823-74-2 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/british-foreign-secretaries-and-japan-18501990/sir-john-simon-18731954-lst-viscount-simon-foreign-secretary-193135/34CCD3005B2C647BE504665CC863F566}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=Dutton|first=David |title=John Simon and the Post-War National Liberal Party: An Historical Postscript |journal=[[The Historical Journal]] |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=1989|pages=357–367 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X0001219X|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/john-simon-and-the-postwar-national-liberal-party-an-historical-postscript/E79AF1FF2366606CA8D0364D7F89A68B|url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Dutton |first=David |title=Simon: A Political Biography of Sir John Simon |place=London |publisher=Aurum Press |year=1992 |isbn=1854102044 }}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last=Dutton |first=David |title=Simon and Eden at the Foreign Office, 1931–1935 |journal=[[Review of International Studies]] |volume=20 |issue=1 |year=1994 |pages=35–52 |doi=10.1017/S0260210500117772 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/abs/simon-and-eden-at-the-foreign-office-19311935/1F02935F35CCB0E69FA5CAC76F4B4F8E|url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{Cite journal |first=David |last=Dutton |title='Private' Papers: The Case of Sir John Simon |journal=Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association |volume=31 |issue=112 |year=2005 |pages=73–83 |doi=10.3828/archives.2005.14 |url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/abs/10.3828/archives.2005.14|url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{ODNBweb |first=D. J. |last=Dutton |title=Simon, John Allsebrook, first Viscount Simon (1873–1954) |origyear=2004 |year=2011 |edition=online |id=36098 | ref = none}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Dutton|first=David|pages=144–167|chapter=Guilty Men? Three British Foreign Secretaries of the 1930s|title=Origins of the Second World War An International Perspective|editor=Frank McDonough|location=London|date=2011|publisher=Continuum}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=Hughes |first=Michael |title=The Foreign Secretary Goes to Court: John Simon and his Critics |journal=[[Twentieth Century British History]] |volume=14 |issue=4 |year=2003 |pages=339–359 |doi=10.1093/tcbh/14.4.339 |url=https://academic.oup.com/tcbh/article-abstract/14/4/339/1720011|url-access=subscription }}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Jenkins |first=Roy |title=The Chancellors |place=London |publisher=Papermac |year=1999 |isbn=0333730585 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/chancellors0000jenk }} (essay on Simon, pp.&amp;nbsp;365–92)<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Pelling|first1=Henry|author-link1=Henry Pelling|year=1992|orig-date=1963|title= A History of British Trade Unionism |location=London|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-14-013640-1}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Ogata |first1=Sadako |title=Defiance in Manchuria |date=1964 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Los Angeles}}<br /> *{{cite book |last=Simon |first=John |title=Retrospect: The Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Simon G.C.S.I., G.C.V.O. |place=London |publisher=Hutchinson |year=1952 }}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category|John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon}}<br /> * {{Hansard-contribs | mr-john-simon-1 | the Viscount Simon }}<br /> * [https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/simon.html A Chessplaying Statesman]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000709/http://www.liberalhistory.org.uk/item_single.php?item_id=56&amp;item=biography&amp;PHPSESSID=32f74420ec33 Biography of Simon]<br /> * {{NPG name}}<br /> * {{PM20|FID=pe/016591}}<br /> * Archives of John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon [https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&amp;id=133966&amp;lang=eng (Sir John Allsebrooke Simon fonds, R150)] are held at [[Library and Archives Canada]]<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-par|uk}}<br /> {{s-bef | before = [[David John Morgan]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Walthamstow (UK Parliament constituency)|Walthamstow]]<br /> | years = [[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906]]–[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}<br /> {{succession box<br /> | title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Spen Valley (UK Parliament constituency)|Spen Valley]]<br /> | years = [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]]–[[1940 Spen Valley by-election|1940]]<br /> | before = [[Tom Myers (politician)|Tom Myers]]<br /> | after = [[William Edward Woolley]]<br /> }}<br /> {{s-legal}}<br /> {{s-bef | rows=2|before = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|Sir Rufus Isaacs]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Solicitor General for England and Wales|Solicitor General]] <br /> | years = 1910–1913<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Stanley Owen Buckmaster, 1st Viscount Buckmaster|Sir Stanley Buckmaster]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Attorney General for England and Wales|Attorney General]]<br /> | years = 1913–1915<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft|after=[[Sir Edward Carson]]}}<br /> {{s-off}}<br /> {{succession box | title=[[Home Secretary]] | before=[[Reginald McKenna]] | after=[[Herbert Samuel]] | years=1915–1916}}<br /> <br /> {{s-bef |before = [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|The Marquess of Reading]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] <br /> | years = 1931–1935<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft| rows=2|after=[[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Sir Samuel Hoare]]}}<br /> {{s-bef |before = [[Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet|Sir John Gilmour]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Home Secretary]] <br /> | years = 1935–1937<br /> }}<br /> {{succession box | title=[[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] | before=[[Neville Chamberlain]] | after=[[Sir Kingsley Wood]] | years=1937–1940}}<br /> {{succession box | title=[[Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]] | before=[[Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote|The Viscount Caldecote]] | after=[[William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt|The Viscount Jowitt]] | years=1940–1945}}<br /> {{s-ppo}}<br /> {{succession box | title=Leader of the [[Liberal National Party (UK, 1931)|Liberal National Party]] | before=''New position'' | after=[[Ernest Brown (MP)|Ernest Brown]] | years=1931–1940}}<br /> {{s-reg|uk}}<br /> {{s-new | creation }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title = [[Viscount Simon]]<br /> | years = 1940–1954<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft | after=[[John Simon, 2nd Viscount Simon|John Gilbert Simon]] }}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> {{Lord chancellors}}<br /> {{British Chancellors of the Exchequer}}<br /> {{Foreign Secretary}}<br /> {{HomeSecretary}}<br /> {{Chamberlain War Ministry}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Simon, John Allsebrook}}<br /> [[Category:1873 births]]<br /> [[Category:1954 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford]]<br /> [[Category:Attorneys general for England and Wales]]<br /> [[Category:British secretaries of state for foreign affairs]]<br /> [[Category:Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:English atheists]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Bachelor]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India|Simon, John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order|Simon, John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount]]<br /> [[Category:Law lords|Simon, John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount]]<br /> [[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]<br /> [[Category:Lord chancellors of Great Britain|Simon, John Allsebrook Simon, 1st Viscount]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945]]<br /> [[Category:National Liberal Party (UK, 1931) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at Fettes College]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Flying Corps officers]]<br /> [[Category:Secretaries of state for the Home Department]]<br /> [[Category:Solicitors general for England and Wales]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1906–1910]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1910]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1910–1918]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1922–1923]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1923–1924]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1924–1929]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1929–1931]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1931–1935]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs 1935–1945]]<br /> [[Category:UK MPs who were granted peerages]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940]]<br /> [[Category:Viscounts created by George VI]]<br /> [[Category:Viscounts Simon|1]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939]]<br /> [[Category:Simon family (United Kingdom)|John]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bibha_Chowdhuri&diff=491416 2026-04-06T16:48:41Z

<p>AarohamResort: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian cosmic ray physicist (1913–1991)}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Copy edit|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Unreliable sources|date=March 2026}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = Bibha Chowdhuri<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | image = Indian Scientist Bibha Chowdhuri.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1913|7|3|}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]])<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1991|6|2|1913|7|3}}<br /> | death_place = [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]), West Bengal, India<br /> | children = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | fields = [[Particle physics]], [[Cosmic rays]]<br /> | workplaces = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[University of Calcutta]]<br /> * [[Bose Institute]]<br /> * [[University of Manchester]], England<br /> * [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]<br /> * [[Physical Research Laboratory]]<br /> * [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]]<br /> * [[University of Michigan]]<br /> }}<br /> | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Rajabazar Science College]]<br /> * [[University of Calcutta]]<br /> * [[University of Manchester]], (PhD)<br /> }}<br /> | doctoral_advisor = Sir [[Patrick Blackett]]<br /> | thesis_title = Extensive air showers associated with penetrating particles<br /> | thesis_year = 1949<br /> | thesis_url = https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601680<br /> | academic_advisors = [[Debendra Mohan Bose]]<br /> | influenced = <br /> | known_for = {{Plainlist|<br /> * First to discover mesons using [[nuclear emulsion]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/a-star-and-its-planet-get-indian-names-after-a-global-contest/article30336302.ece|title=A star and its planet get Indian names after a global contest|agency=India Science Wire|date=2019-12-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-22|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Identifying new particles by studying their tracks in [[cloud chamber]]s and on [[photographic plate]]s&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/bibha-chowdhuri-donna-strickland-jocelyn-bell-burnell-the-invisible-women-in-science/cid/1687897|title=The invisible women in science|website=The Telegraph|language=en|access-date=2019-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * KGF Experiments: Energetic muons (E&lt;sub&gt;mln&lt;/sub&gt; ⋍ 150 GeV) experiments at [[Kolar Gold Fields]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/pram/008/04/0371-0376|title=Pramana|journal=Journal of Physics|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|access-date=2020-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> | awards = <br /> | signature = <br /> | influences = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bibha Chowdhuri''' (3 July&lt;ref&gt;The University of Manchester Library Archived Information.&lt;/ref&gt; 1913 – 2 June 1991&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2019/06/19/bibha-chowdhuri-physicist/|title=Bibha Chowdhuri: The Invisibilised Physicist{{!}} #IndianWomenInHistory|last=Roy|first=Pragya|date=2019-06-18|website=Feminism In India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;) was an Indian [[Particle physics|particle physicist]] known for her investigations into cosmic rays. Working with [[Debendra Mohan Bose|D. M. Bose]], she was the first to discover [[meson|the meson]] and prove Hideki Yukawa's meson theory.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Chowdhuri was born in [[Kolkata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/science-tech/the-woman-who-could-have-won-a-nobel/cid/1676488|title=The woman who could have won a Nobel|website=The Telegraph|language=en|access-date=2018-11-28|first=Amitabha|last=Bhattacharya|year=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; to a family of [[Zamindars of Bengal|Zamindars]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; Her father, Banku Behari Chowdhuri, was a doctor.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; Her mother, Urmila Devi, practised [[Brahmo Samaj]], which held the belief that young women should be allowed to go to school.&lt;ref name = &quot;Roy 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Roy|first1=S. C.|last2=Singh|first2=Rajinder|date=2018|title=Historical Note: Bibha Chowdhuri – Her Cosmic Ray Studies in Manchester|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science|volume=53|issue=3|doi=10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i3/49466|issn=0019-5235|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; By marrying Urmila, Banku was converted to Brahmo and ostracised from [[Hinduism|Hindu]] circles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; Many of the Chowdhuri children (apart from the second daughter, who died early on&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt;) went on to become highly educated.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Chowdhuri was the middle child of her five siblings, with one brother.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bibha Chowdhuri – A Forgotten Legend |url=https://podcasts.whastic.com/podcast/women-in-stem-bibha-chowdhuri-a-forgotten-legend/ |website=whastic.com |date=15 August 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her aunt, Nirmala Devi, was married to Sir [[Nilratan Sircar]].&lt;ref name = &quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; Her sister, Roma Chowdhuri, went on to become a teacher at [[Brahmo Balika Shikshalaya]].<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> Bibha studied physics at [[Rajabazar Science College]] of [[Calcutta University]] and was the only woman to complete an M.Sc. degree in the year 1936. She joined the [[Bose Institute]] after graduating in 1939 and worked with [[Debendra Mohan Bose]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot; /&gt; Together, they experimentally observed and published on mesotron showers, later called [[meson]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bose |first1=D |last2=Chowdhry |first2=B |date=1940 |title=Photographic Plates as Detectors of Mesotron Showers |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/145894a0 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=145 |issue=3684 |pages=894–895 |doi=10.1038/145894a0 |bibcode=1940Natur.145..894B |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; She studied batches of Ilford half-tone plates that were exposed to cosmic rays at two different altitudes, one in [[Darjeeling]] and a higher one at [[Sandakphu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bose |first1=D. M. |last2=Choudhuri |first2=Biva |title=A Photographic Method of Estimating the Mass of the Mesotron |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/148259a0 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=1941 |volume=148 |issue=3748 |pages=259–260|doi=10.1038/148259a0 |bibcode=1941Natur.148..259B |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; The particles had decreased mass at lower altitudes, suggesting that they had decayed over time.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; She noticed that the decays were curved, likely due to multiple scattering of particles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; They could not take the investigation further because there were no more sensitive emulsion plates available.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/165333/india-physicist-nobel-prize-bibha-chowdhuri-cosmic-rays-news/|title=This Brilliant Woman Could Have Won a Physics Nobel for India. Yet Few Indians Know Her Story|first=Pekshmi|last= Priya |date=2018|publisher=[[The Better India]]|access-date=2018-11-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chowdhuri joined the laboratory of [[Patrick Blackett]] for her doctoral studies, working on cosmic rays at the [[University of Manchester]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot; /&gt; Her [[PhD]] thesis investigated [[extensive air shower]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;bibphd&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Manchester|url=https://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/35205860?style=html|title=Extensive air showers associated with penetrating particles|first=Bibha|last=Chowdhuri|date=1949|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.601680}}|website=jisc.ac.uk|oclc=643572452|access-date=2018-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235038/https://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/35205860?style=html|archive-date=2018-12-06|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her examiner was [[Lajos Jánossy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Roy|first1=S. C.|last2=Singh|first2=Rajinder|date=2018-08-01|title=Historical Note: Bibha Chowdhuri – Her Cosmic Ray Studies in Manchester|url=http://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol53_3_2018__Art10.pdf|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science|volume=53|issue=3|doi=10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i3/49466|issn=0019-5235|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is unclear how much of her work contributed to Blackett's [[Nobel Prize]].<br /> <br /> ==Career and research==<br /> <br /> Chowdhuri demonstrated that the density of penetrating events is proportional to the total particle density of an [[extensive air shower]].&lt;ref name = &quot;Roy 2018&quot; /&gt; She was interviewed by ''The Manchester Herald'' in an article called &quot;Meet India's New Woman Scientist – She has an eye for cosmic rays&quot;, saying that &quot;it is a tragedy that we have so few women physicists today.&quot;&lt;ref name = &quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot; /&gt;<br /> [[File:Bibha Chowdhuri at the International Conference in Pisa, Italy 1955.jpg|left|thumb|Chowdhuri at the International Conference in Pisa, Italy, in 1955]]<br /> [[File:Statue of Bibha Chowdhuri.jpg|left|thumb|Statue of Bibha Chowdhuri, Birla Industrial &amp; Technological Museum, Kolkata, West Bengal, India]]<br /> Chowdhuri returned to India after her PhD, working at the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] for eight years.&lt;ref name = &quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot; /&gt; During her time at TIFR, Chowdhuri's cosmic ray studies contributed heavily to the discovery of [[Kaon|K mesons]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sreekantan |first=B. V. |date=10 April 2006 |title=Sixty years of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1945–2005: The role of young men in the creation and development of this institute |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24091966 |journal=Current Science |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=1012–1025 |jstor=24091966 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bibha temporarily left TIFR in 1953 and subsequently joined cosmic ray physicist [[Louis Leprince-Ringuet|L. Leprince Ringuet]]’s lab under the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris). She studied and identified many new K mesons in cloud chambers on the Alps, publishing the research in the Nuovo Cimento in 1957.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mondal |first=Naba K |title=Bibha Chowdhuri and Her Remarkable Scientific Endeavours |url=https://doi.org/0.1007/s12045-023-1686-1. |journal=Resonance |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=1494–1495}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1954, she was a visiting researcher at the [[University of Michigan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Proceedings of the Board of Regents|date=1954|publisher=The University|language=en}} {{ISBN missing}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was appointed because [[Homi Bhabha National Institute|Homi Bhabha]] was still establishing the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, and contacted her thesis examiners for advice on outstanding graduate students. She joined the [[Physical Research Laboratory]] and became involved with the [[Kolar Gold Fields]] experiments. She moved to [[Kolkata]] to work at the [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]].&lt;ref name = &quot;Bhattacharya 2018&quot; /&gt; She taught physics in French.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}<br /> <br /> Her life was described in the book ''A Jewel Unearthed: Bibha Chowdhuri.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Jewel Unearthed: Bibha Chowdhuri: The Story of an Indian Woman Scientist|last1=Singh|first1=Rajinder|last2=Roy|first2=Suprakash C.|date=2018|publisher=Shaker|isbn=9783844061260|edition=1st|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; und ''Bibha Chowdhuri, eine indische Hochenergiephysikerin, als &quot;Star&quot; am Himmel''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rajinder Singh, Suprakash C. Roy – Bibha Chowdhuri, eine indische Hochenergiephysikerin als Star am Himmel|url=http://www.shaker.de/de/content/catalogue/index.asp?lang=de&amp;ID=8&amp;ISBN=978-3-8440-7296-9|access-date=2020-09-11|website=shaker.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bibha Chowdhuri, eine indische Hochenergiephysikerin als 'Star' am Himmel|last1=Singh|first1=Rajinder|last2=Roy|first2=Suprakash C.|date=2020|publisher=Shaker|isbn=9783844072969|edition=1|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was described by ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' as a forgotten legend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Amitabha |last=Bhattacharya|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/8th-day/a-forgotten-legend-1502688129.html|title=A forgotten legend |date=2018-09-23|work=The Statesman|access-date=2018-11-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; She continued to publish until she died in 1991.<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> <br /> * Bose, D.M.; Chowdhry, Biva (1940). [https://www.nature.com/articles/145894a0 Photographic Plates as Detectors of Mesotron Showers]. ''Nature''. 145: 894–895. https://doi.org/10.1038/145894a0.<br /> * Bose, D.M.; Chowdhey, Biva (1941a). [https://www.nature.com/articles/147240a0 Origin and Nature of Heavy Ionisation Particles Detected on Photographic Plates Exposed to Cosmic Rays]. ''Nature''. 147: 240–241. https://doi.org/10.1038/147240a0.<br /> * Bose, D.M.; Choudhuri, Biva (1941b). [https://www.nature.com/articles/148259a0 A PHOTOGRAPHIC METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE MASS OF THE MESOTRON]. ''Nature''. 148: 259–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/148259a0.<br /> * Bose, D.M.; Choudhuri, Bibha (1942). [https://www.nature.com/articles/149302a0 A Photographic Method of Estimating the Mass of the Mesotron]. ''Nature''. 149: 302. https://doi.org/10.1038/149302a0.<br /> * Chowdhuri, B (1949). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/643572452 Extensive air showers associated with penetrating particles]. (PhD thesis). Manchester: University of Manchester. [[OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/643572452 643572452].<br /> * Chowdhuri, B.; Saxena, R.C.; Subramanian, A. (1952). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/5656763472 On the penetrating component in air showers]. Indian Academy of Sciences. 36: 457. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03172244.<br /> * Chowdhuri, B.; Saxena, Y.C. (1973). [https://search.worldcat.org/title/5656762024 Large underground showers and multiple muons in association with E.A.S], Indian Academy of Sciences. 77: 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050804<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhuri, Bibha}}<br /> [[Category:Indian women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali physicists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian particle physicists]]<br /> [[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:1913 births]]<br /> [[Category:1991 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Women scientists from West Bengal]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinanath_Bhargava&diff=497159 2026-04-05T13:32:42Z

<p>AarohamResort: new...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Emblem of India.svg|thumb|Emblem of India]]<br /> '''Dinanath Bhargava'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/Meet-the-man-who-gave-us-the-national-emblem/articleshow/11645120.cms|title=Meet the man who gave us the national emblem|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=27 June 2012|access-date=23 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1 November 1927 – 24 December 2016)&lt;ref name = &quot;ie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/dinanath-bhargava-who-sketched-national-emblem-dies-at-89-in-indore-4444355/|title=Dinanath Bhargava who sketched national emblem dies at 89 in Indore|date=25 December 2016|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=23 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; was an Indian painter of international fame. He was one of the students of [[Shantiniketan]] art guru [[Nandalal Bose]]. The [[Wash (visual arts)|wash paintings]] he made are unique in the world of painting.&lt;ref name = &quot;ie&quot; /&gt;<br /> ==Life==<br /> Bhargava was born in Multai, [[British India]]. He was involved in the team of artists and is believed to have sketched the sign (lions) copied from the [[Pillars of Ashoka|Ashoka Pillar]] for the [[Constitution of India]]. He copied the [[State Emblem of India|national emblem]] from Sarnath and inserted its motto extracted from [[Mundaka Upanishad]], [[Satyameva Jayate]] (Truth alone triumphs). He was just a first year student who joined [[Kala Bhavana]] in academic year 1949-50 batch whereas [[Nandalal Bose]] retired in 1950-51 at the age of 68 years.<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> He died on {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|12|24 |1927|11|1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dinanath-bhargava-artist-who-helped-design-the-national-emblem-dies-in-indore/story-HwgLzhnmdu1jx77Gz8tJmI.html|title=Dinanath Bhargava: Artist who helped design the national emblem dies in Indore|date=25 December 2016|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=23 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; from a heart attack.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhargava, Dinanath}}<br /> [[Category:1927 births]]<br /> [[Category:2016 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]<br /> [[Category:Artists from Indore]]<br /> [[Category:Indian illustrators]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian designers]]<br /> [[Category:Painters from Madhya Pradesh]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajendra_Prasad_Sharma&diff=528553 2026-03-29T04:49:07Z

<p>AarohamResort: put up first biography added tags...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian police service officer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox police officer<br /> | honorific_prefix = '''[[Odisha|Member, Lokayukta, Odisha]]'''<br /> | name = Dr. Rajendra Prasad Sharma<br /> | honorific_suffix = '''[[Indian Police Service|IPS (Retd.)]]'''<br /> | image = Rajendra_Prasad_Sharma.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | status = Member, Lokayukta, Odisha<br /> | department = [[Odisha Police]]<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|05|15}}<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|yyyy|mm|dd}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname = <br /> | badge_number = 19861024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IPS Civil List 2014|url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm|website=dtf.in|publisher=Disciplinary &amp; Transparency forum|accessdate=31 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=As on GRADATION LIST OF OFFICERS OF INDIAN POLICE|url=http://www.homeodisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/AddFiles/ipsreport21_7_17.pdf&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwibuo_S0tTWAhUBo48KHX19DsIQFgglMAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw3vpLpBcuIlfMgqxvluZNgb|publisher=Home Department, Odisha}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Ajmer]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<br /> | death_place = <br /> | resting_place = <br /> | resting_place_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | allegiance = <br /> | service = {{flag|India}}<br /> | service_years = 1986 - 2019<br /> | rank = <br /> | awards = <br /> [[File:IND President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service.svg|30px]] [[President's Police Medal]] for Distinguished Service&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service - MHA|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/ppm-id10.pdf&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiMqY32sNXWAhUKOo8KHeQCCP0QFgglMAE&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mILURPGxLL8Q-XZ-DOU05}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Republic Day, 2010)&lt;br/&gt;<br /> [[File:Indian_Police_Medal_for_Meritorious_Service.png|30px]] [[Indian Police Medal]] for Meritorious services &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Medal Recipients|url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/205}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Republic Day, 2002)<br /> | memorials = <br /> | relatives = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | education = M.B.B.S, L.L.B., Master Of Human<br /> | other_work = <br /> | module = <br /> | years_active = 1986 - present<br /> }}<br /> '''Rajendra Prasad Sharma''' is a retired [[Odisha]] cadre [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer. He is the current Member of Lokayukta, Odisha. He was also the former [[Director General of Police]] of [[Odisha]]. He was also the former Director of Vigilance in the state of [[Odisha]]. Sharma is from [[Rajasthan]].<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Dr. Sharma holds numerous degrees that includes MBBS, LLB, M.A. in Human Rights, M.Phil. in National Security and Strategic Studies, Intermediate Certificate course in French language, Fellowship in HIV Medicine. He was pursuing his post graduate studies in Internal Medicine(M.D.) when he got selected into the Indian Police Service.<br /> .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= Trained as doctor and lawyer, Rajendra Prasad Sharma is new DGP of Odisha|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2017/aug/31/trained-as-doctor-and-lawyer-rajendra-prasad-sharma-is-new-dgp-of-odisha-1650421.html|publisher=New Indian Express|access-date=31 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a student leader, he was vice-president of All India Medical Students' Association in the year 1981–82.<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> <br /> Sharma was appointed to the IPS in 1986 and is a part of Odisha Cadre. He started his career as an ASP (under training) at Police Training College, Angul as well as [[Bhubaneswar]] before being posted as SDPO, Rayagada. He served as SP in Kalahandi, Berhampur, Dhenkanal and Balasore between 1990 and 2001. And served as Commissioner of Police in Bhubaneswar. <br /> He served as D.I.G. of Police, CID, Crime Branch and D.I.G. of Police, Central Range, Cuttack. On deputation to Govt. of India, he worked as Zonal Director, Narcotics Control Bureau at Jodhpur and effected seizures of a record quantity of illicit drugs with arrest of many international Drug Traffickers. He also worked as D.I.G of Police (Admn) and I.G. of Police (Hqrs) in National Security Guard (NSG), New Delhi and significantly contributed in the N.S.Gs expansion activities, post Mumbai terror attack. He has served in U.N. Peacekeeping Mission in Haiti, Central America. In his second stint with the United Nations, he worked as Anti Corruption and Crime Prevention Expert in the UNODC, Regional Office for South Asia at New Delhi. He is a member of INTERPOL Group of Experts on Police Training (IGEPT) since the year 2009, i.e. last four years. He prepared an Action Plan for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Central Para Military Forces of India which was implemented from 2006 to 2009. He served as the [[Director General of Police]] of [[Odisha]] from 31 August 2017 to 8 August 2019. Now he is appointed as the Member of Lokayukta, Odisha.<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> <br /> He is a recipient of President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service (January, 2010), Police Medal for Meritorious Service (January, 2002), U.N. Peacekeeping Medal (1997), Police Special Duty Medal (2012) and Commendation Disc of DG, NSG.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Rajendra Prasad}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian police chiefs]]<br /> [[Category:1960 births]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamil_language&diff=470941 2026-03-28T04:24:54Z

<p>AarohamResort: expanded content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dravidian language}}<br /> {{pp-move}}<br /> {{protection padlock|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox language<br /> | name = Tamil<br /> | nativename = {{langx|ta|தமிழ்<br /> |Tamiḻ|label=none}}<br /> | pronunciation = {{IPA|ta|t̪amiɻ||ta-தமிழ்.oga|help=}}<br /> | states = {{ubl<br /> | [[Languages of India|India]]<br /> | [[Languages of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]<br /> | [[Languages of Malaysia|Malaysia]]<br /> }}<br /> | region = * [[India]]<br /> ** [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> ** Union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ([[Puducherry district|Puducherry]] and [[Karaikal district]]s)<br /> ** [[Kerala]]<br /> ** [[Karnataka]] (south)<br /> ** [[Andhra Pradesh]] (south)<br /> ** [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Talbot 2001 27–37&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Talbot|2001|pp=27–37}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * [[Sri Lanka]]<br /> ** [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern Province]]<br /> ** [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern Province]]<br /> ** [[Central Province, Sri Lanka|Central Province]]<br /> | ethnicity = *[[Tamils]]<br /> *[[Sri Lankan Moors]]<br /> | speakers = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|78.721340|2}} million<br /> | date = 2011–2019<br /> | ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;Ethnologue28|tam&quot;&gt;{{Ethnologue28|tam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | speakers2 = [[second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|7.623000|2}} million (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ethnologue28|tam&quot;&gt;{{Ethnologue28|tam}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Total: {{sigfig|86.344340|2}} million (2011–2019)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ethnologue28|tam&quot;&gt;{{Ethnologue28|tam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | speakers_label = Speakers<br /> | familycolor = Dravidian<br /> | fam2 = Southern<br /> | fam3 = [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern I]]<br /> | fam4 = Tamil–[[Kannada dialects|Kannada]]<br /> | fam5 = Tamil–[[Kota language (India)|Kota]]<br /> | fam6 = Tamil–[[Toda language|Toda]]<br /> | fam7 = Tamil–Irula<br /> | fam8 = Tamil–[[Kodava language|Kodava]]–[[Urali language|Urali]]<br /> | fam9 = [[Tamiloid languages|Tamil]]–[[Malayalamoid languages|Malayalam]]<br /> | fam10 = [[Tamiloid languages|Tamiloid]]<br /> | fam11 = Tamil–[[Paliyan language|Paliyan]]<br /> | ancestor = [[Old Tamil language|Old Tamil]]<br /> | ancestor2 = [[Middle Tamil language|Middle Tamil]]<br /> | script = {{ubl<br /> | [[Tamil script]]<br /> | [[Tamil-Brahmi script]] (historical)<br /> | [[Grantha script]] (historical)<br /> | [[Vatteluttu script]] (historical)<br /> | [[Pallava script]] (historical)<br /> | [[Kolezhuthu|Kolezhuthu script]] (historical)<br /> | [[Arabic script]] ([[Arwi]])<br /> | [[Latin script]] (informal)<br /> | [[Tamil Braille]] ([[Bharati Braille|Bharati]])<br /> }}<br /> | nation = *[[Official languages of India|India]]<br /> **[[Tamil Nadu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;TN&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Official languages of Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm |url-status=dead |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |access-date=1 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021154022/http://www.tn.gov.in/welcometn.htm |archive-date=21 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> **[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India: 50th report (delivered to the Lokh Sabha in 2014) |page=155 |publisher=National Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. |access-date=8 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Languages of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Official Languages Policy |url=http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=38&amp;Itemid=163&amp;lang=en |website=languagesdept.gov.lk |publisher=Department of Official Languages |access-date=20 May 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412193905/http://languagesdept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=38&amp;Itemid=163&amp;lang=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Languages of Singapore|Singapore]]&lt;ref name=&quot;statutes.agc.gov.sg&quot;&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Republic of Singapore Independence Act|ed=1985}}, s7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | minority = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Languages of South Africa|South Africa]]{{efn|protected language}}&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-1-founding-provisions|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 1: Founding Provisions |publisher= South African Government|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Languages of Malaysia|Malaysia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;MS&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=School languages |url=http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall_print.jsp?id=632&amp;idioma=5 |url-status=dead |publisher=LINGUAMON |access-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902021816/http://www10.gencat.net/pres_casa_llengues/AppJava/frontend/llengues_detall_print.jsp?id=632&amp;idioma=5 |archive-date=2 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | agency = [[India]]<br /> * [[Central Institute of Classical Tamil]]<br /> * [[Department of Tamil Development and Information (Tamil Nadu)]]<br /> * [[International Institute of Tamil Studies]]<br /> * [[Tamil University]]<br /> * [[World Tamil Sangam]]<br /> [[Sri Lanka]]<br /> * [[Ministry of Public Administration, Home Affairs, Provincial Councils and Local Government|Department of Official Languages]]<br /> [[Singapore]]<br /> * [[Ministry of Digital Development and Information|Tamil Language Council]]<br /> [[Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Ministry of Education (Malaysia)|Malaysian Tamil Language Standardisation Council]]<br /> [[Canada]] and [[United States]]<br /> * [[Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America]]<br /> | iso1 = ta<br /> | iso2 = tam<br /> | lc1 = tam<br /> | ld1 = Modern Tamil<br /> | lc2 = oty<br /> | ld2 = Old Tamil<br /> | linglist = oty<br /> | lingname = Old Tamil<br /> | lingua = 49-EBE-a<br /> | image = Word Tamil.svg<br /> | imagecaption = The word ''Tamil'' in the [[Tamil script]]<br /> | image_class = skin-invert-image<br /> | map = Idioma tamil.png<br /> | mapcaption = <br /> | map_class = skin-invert-image<br /> | dia1 = [[Sri Lankan Tamil dialects|Eelam]]<br /> | dia2 = [[Malaysian Tamil|Malesiyat]]<br /> | dia3 = [[Bangalore Tamil dialects|Bunagurr]]<br /> | dia4 = [[Iyengar Tamil|Iyengar]]<br /> | dia5 = [[Kongu Tamil|Kongu]]<br /> | dia6 = [[Madras Bashai|Chennai]]<br /> | dia7 = [[Madurai Tamil|Madurai]]<br /> | dia8 = [[Tirunelveli Tamil|Tiruneveli]]<br /> | dia9 = [[Indian Tamil dialect of Sri Lanka|Estate]]<br /> | dia10 = [[Central Tamil dialect|Central]]<br /> | dia11 = [[Brahmin Tamil|Brahmin]]<br /> | dia12 = [[Arwi]]<br /> | dia13 = [[Lingua Malabar Tamul|Malabar]] {{Extinct}}<br /> | notice = IPA<br /> | sign = [[Signed Tamil]]<br /> | glotto = tami1289<br /> | glottoname = Modern Tamil<br /> | glottorefname = Tamil<br /> | glotto2 = oldt1248<br /> | glottoname2 = Old Tamil<br /> }}<br /> {{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br /> <br /> {{Tamil transliteration}}'''Tamil'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|æ|m|ɪ|l|,_|ˈ|t|ɑː|m|-}} {{respell|TAM|il|,_|TAHM|-}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tamil, n. and adj. |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/197399?redirectedFrom=tamil |website=OED Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=24 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ({{lang|ta|தமிழ்}}, {{Transliteration|ta|ISO|Tamiḻ}}, {{IPA|ta|t̪amiɻ|pron|ta-தமிழ்.oga}}) is a [[Dravidian language]] spoken by the [[Tamil people]] of [[South Asia]]. It is one of the longest-surviving [[classical language]]s in the world,&lt;ref name=&quot;Circulation and the Historical Geog&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Stein |first=B. |title=Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=37 |issue=1 |year=1977 |pages=7–26 |jstor=2053325 |doi=10.2307/2053325|s2cid=144599197 }}. &quot;Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India&quot; (p. 7).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Steever|1998|p=6}}. &quot;one of India's two classical languages, alongside the more widely known Indo-Aryan language Sanskrit&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; attested since {{circa}} [[300 BC|300 BCE]].&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100707000020/http://www.ciil-classicaltamil.org/project1.html Definitive Editions of Ancient Tamil Works]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last1=Abraham |first1=S.A. |title=Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India |url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/17189/1/AP-v42n2-207-223.pdf |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=42 |issue=2 |page=207 |year=2003 |s2cid=153420843 |doi=10.1353/asi.2003.0031 |hdl=10125/17189 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;companion&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Zvelebil|1992|p=12}}: &quot;...the most acceptable periodisation which has so far been suggested for the development of Tamil writing seems to me to be that of A Chidambaranatha Chettiar (1907–1967): 1. Sangam Literature – 200BC to AD 200; 2. Post Sangam literature – AD 200 – AD 600; 3. Early Medieval literature – AD 600 to AD 1200; 4. Later Medieval literature – AD 1200 to AD 1800; 5. Pre-Modern literature – AD 1800 to 1900&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maloney1970&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Maloney |first=C. |title=The Beginnings of Civilization in South India |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=603–616 |year=1970 |jstor=2943246 |doi=10.2307/2943246|s2cid=162291987 }} at p. 610&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Palani&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Subramaniam |first=T.S. |title=Palani excavation triggers fresh debate |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article2408091.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India |date=29 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tamil was the [[lingua franca]] for early maritime traders in South India, with [[Tamil inscriptions]] found outside of the Indian subcontinent, such as [[Indonesia]], [[Thailand]], and [[Egypt]]. The language has a well-documented history with literary works like [[Sangam literature]], consisting of over 2,000 poems. Tamil script evolved from Tamil Brahmi, and later, the vatteluttu script was used until the current script was standardized. The language has a distinct grammatical structure, with agglutinative morphology that allows for complex word formations.<br /> <br /> Tamil is the official language of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in India. It is also one of the official languages of [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Singapore]]. [[Tamil diaspora|Tamil-speaking diaspora communities]] exist in several countries across the world. Tamil was the first to be recognized as a [[classical languages of India|classical language of India]] by the [[Government of India|Central Government]] in 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=Haryana's South connect: When it made Telugu second language in school |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-made-telugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/ |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> The earliest extant Tamil literary works and their commentaries celebrate the [[Pandiyan Kingdom|Pandiyan Kings]] for the organization of long-term [[Tamil Sangams]], which researched, developed and made amendments to the Tamil language. Although the name of the language which was developed by these Tamil Sangams is mentioned as Tamil, the period when the name &quot;Tamil&quot; came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name is found in [[Tholkappiyam]], which is also the oldest extant Tamil text, dated as early as the 2nd century BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Zvelebil|1992|p=x}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zvelebil 1973&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=info:3mNeiVqlnhoJ:scholar.google.com/&amp;pg=PR9|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|date=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Hathigumpha inscription]], inscribed around a similar period (150 BCE) by [[Kharavela]], the Jain king of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], also refers to a ''Tamira Samghatta'' (''Tamil confederacy'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Allen&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=Charles |title=Coromandel : a personal history of South India |date=2017 |publisher=Little, Brown |location=London |isbn=9781408705391 |page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Samavayanga Sutra]], dated to the 3rd century BCE, contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Jain|first=Sagarmal|title=Aspects of Jainology: Volume VI|year=1998|chapter=Jain Literature [From earliest time to c. 10th A.D.]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Franklin Southworth|Southworth]] suggests that the name comes from {{IAST|tam-miḻ}} &gt; {{IAST|tam-iḻ}} &quot;self-speak&quot;, or &quot;our own speech&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Southworth 1998 129–132&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Southworth|1998|pp=129–132}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kamil Zvelebil]] suggests an etymology of {{IAST|tam-iḻ}}, with {{IAST|tam}} meaning &quot;self&quot; or &quot;one's self&quot;, and &quot;{{IAST|-iḻ}}&quot; having the connotation of &quot;unfolding sound&quot;. Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of {{IAST|tamiḻ}} &lt; {{IAST|tam-iḻ}} &lt; *{{IAST|tav-iḻ}} &lt; *{{IAST|tak-iḻ}}, meaning in origin &quot;the proper process (of speaking)&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Zvelebil|1992|p=ix–xvi}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, this is deemed unlikely by Southworth due to the contemporary use of the compound 'centamiḻ', which means refined speech in the earliest literature.&lt;ref name=&quot;Southworth 1998 129–132&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The Tamil Lexicon of the [[University of Madras]] defines the word &quot;Tamil&quot; as &quot;sweetness&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|publisher=University of Madras |title=Tamil lexicon |place=Madras |year=1924–36 |url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/tamil-lex_query.py?qs=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D&amp;searchhws=yes&amp;matchtype=exact|access-date=26 October 2022 |postscript=.}} (Online edition at the University of Chicago)&lt;/ref&gt; S. V. Subramanian suggests the meaning &quot;sweet sound&quot;, from ''tam'' – &quot;sweet&quot; and ''il'' – &quot;sound&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Subramanian|first=S.V|title=Heritage of Tamils; Language and Grammar|year=1980|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies|pages=7–12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> David Shulman cites Cuntaramurti's ''[[Tevaram]]'', in which he writes to [[Shiva]], &quot;Do you know proper Tamil?&quot; and ascribes it the meaning &quot;Do you know how to behave properly as a male lover should? Can you understand the hints and implicit meaning that a proficient lover ought to be able to decipher?&quot; He also states that at some point in history, Tamil meant something like &quot;knowing how to love&quot;, in a poetic sense, and that to &quot;know Tamil&quot; could also mean &quot;to be a civilized being&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|publisher = Harvard University Belknap Press | title = Tamil: A Biography | year = 2016 | url = https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674059924 | pages = 2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Classification ==<br /> {{Main|Dravidian languages}}<br /> ''Tamil'' belongs to the [[Southern Dravidian languages|southern]] branch of the [[Dravidian languages]], a family of around 26 languages native to the [[Indian subcontinent]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Krishnamurti|2003|p=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also classified as being part of a [[Tamil languages|Tamil language family]] that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups&lt;ref&gt;Perumal, A. K. (2005) ''Manorama Yearbook'' (Tamil), pp. 302–318.&lt;/ref&gt; such as the [[Irula language|Irula]] and [[Yerukala language|Yerukula]] languages (see [[SIL Ethnologue]]).<br /> <br /> The closest major relative of Tamil is [[Malayalam]]; the two began diverging around the 9th century CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier|page=297}}&lt;/ref&gt; Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic divergence of the western dialect,&lt;ref name=&quot;malayalamorigin&quot;&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00021285| title = Some observations on the sub-group Tamil-Malayalam: Differential realizations of the cluster * ṉt| journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies| volume = 53| page = 87| year = 2009| last1 = Menon | first1 = A. G. | s2cid = 131480876}}&lt;/ref&gt; the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;andronov&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Andronov|1970|p=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Additionally Kannada is also relatively close to the Tamil language and shares the format of the formal ancient Tamil language. While there are some variations from the Tamil language, Kannada still preserves a lot from its roots. As part of the southern family of Indian languages and situated relatively close to the northern parts of India, Kannada also shares some Sanskrit words, similar to Malayalam. Many of the formerly used words in Tamil have been preserved with little change in Kannada. This shows a relative parallel to Tamil, even as Tamil has undergone some changes in modern ways of speaking.{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003}}{{page needed|date=July 2024}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Civiltà_thamirabani,_reperti_da_adhichanallur,_02.jpg|thumb|Findings from [[Adichanallur]] in the [[Government Museum, Chennai]]|left]]<br /> [[File:Keezhadi excavation.jpg|thumb|[[Keezhadi excavation site]]|left]]<br /> <br /> === Legendary origins ===<br /> [[File:Tamil Inscriptions.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|Explanation for [[Mangulam]] Tamil Brahmi inscription in Mangulam, [[Madurai district]], Tamil Nadu, dated to Tamil [[Sangam period]] ({{Circa|400 BCE|200 CE}})]]<br /> [[File:Satavahana Bilingual Coin.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|[[Tamil-Brahmi|Tamil Brahmi]] script in the reverse side of the bilingual silver coin of king [[Vashishtiputra Sātakarni]] ({{Circa|160 CE}}) of [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]]. '''Rev:''' Ujjain/Sātavāhana symbol, crescented six-arch chaitya hill and river with Tamil Brahmi script&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Nagaswamy |first=N |title=Roman Karur |publisher=Brahad Prakashan |year=1995 |oclc=191007985 |url=http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/books/roman%20karur/chapter04.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024602/http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/books/roman%20karur/chapter04.html |archive-date=20 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mahadevan|2003|pp=199–205}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Panneerselvam|first=R|year=1969|title=Further light on the bilingual coin of the Sātavāhanas|journal=Indo-Iranian Journal|volume=4|issue=11|pages=281–288|doi=10.1163/000000069790078428|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Yandel|first=Keith|title=Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India |publisher=Routledge Curzon |year=2000 |page=235 |isbn=978-0-7007-1101-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''Obv:''' Bust of king; [[Prakrit]] legend in the [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]] script]]<br /> <br /> According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form [[Tamil Thai|Tamil Thāi]] (Mother Tamil) was created by Lord [[Shiva]]. [[Murugan]], revered as the Tamil God, along with sage [[Agastya]], brought it to the people.{{sfn|Ramaswamy|1997|p=87}}<br /> <br /> ===Historical origins===<br /> Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the [[Proto-Dravidian language]], which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BCE, possibly in the region around the lower [[Godavari]] river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the [[Neolithic]] complexes of South India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Southworth|2005|pp=249–250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BCE–700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present).&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1998 75&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Lehmann|1998|pp=75–76}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Brahmi script===<br /> About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages such as Telugu, Kannada, Sanskrit and Marathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |title= Students get glimpse of heritage |url= http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/22/stories/2005112215970400.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060518064346/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/22/stories/2005112215970400.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 18 May 2006 |date = 22 November 2005|work= [[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2004, a number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware [[urn]]s dating from at least 696 BCE in [[Adichanallur]]. Some of these urns contained writing in [[Tamil Brahmi]] script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2b&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Christy|first=Agatha|date=2019|title=A Study About Archaeological Survey in Adichanallur|url=https://www.ijresm.com/Vol.2_2019/Vol2_Iss11_November19/IJRESM_V2_I11_33.pdf|journal=International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management|volume=2|pages=158–169}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in [[Keezhadi excavation site|Keezhadi]]. These were sent to Beta Analytic in [[Miami]], [[Florida]], for [[Accelerator Mass Spectrometry]] (AMS) dating. One sample containing [[Tamil-Brahmi]] inscriptions was claimed to be dated to around 580 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KEELADI |url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/keeladi|website=Government of Tamil Nadu Department of Archeology}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gershon |first1=Livia |title=Archaeologists Unearth Ancient Dagger Linked to Enigmatic Indian Civilization |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/excavation-india-may-hold-clues-ancient-civilization-180978414/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[John Guy (historian)|John Guy]] states that Tamil was the [[lingua franca]] for early maritime traders from India.&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://scroll.in/article/704603/Step-aside,-Gujaratis:-Tamilians-were-India's-earliest-recorded-maritime-traders|title=Scroll.in – News. Politics. Culture.|date=6 February 2015 |publisher=scroll.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tamil Brahmi|Tamil language inscriptions]] written in Brahmi script have been discovered in [[Sri Lanka]] and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt.&lt;ref name=Egypt /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Foreign locations&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Mahadevan |first=Iravatham |title=An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil |date=24 June 2010 |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/an-epigraphic-perspective-on-the-antiquity-of-tamil/article482654.ece |location=Chennai, India }}&lt;/ref&gt; In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim (likely the classical-era port town [[Myos Hormos]]) revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Egypt&quot;&gt;{{citation|title=Tamil Brahmi script in Egypt|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tamil-brahmi-script-in-egypt/article1952611.ece|access-date=5 January 2015|work=The Hindu|date=21 November 2007|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20141126154601/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tamil-brahmi-script-in-egypt/article1952611.ece|archive-date=2014-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are a number of apparent [[Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew]] dating to before 500 BCE, the oldest attestation of the language.&lt;ref name=Rabin438&gt;Rabin, C. ''Proceedings of the Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies'', p. 438&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Old Tamil ===<br /> {{Main|Old Tamil language}}<br /> [[File:Mangulam inscription.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Mangulam]] [[Tamil-Brahmi|Tamil Brahmi]] inscription in Mangulam, [[Madurai district]], Tamil Nadu, dated to Tamil [[Sangam period]] ({{Circa|400 BCE|200 CE}})|left]]<br /> <br /> Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions written in a variant of the [[Brahmi script]] called [[Tamil-Brahmi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Mahadevan|2003|pp=90–95}}&lt;/ref&gt; The earliest long text in Old Tamil is the ''[[Tolkāppiyam]]'', an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1998 75&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zvelebil 1973&quot;/&gt; Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as [[Sangam literature]]. These poems are usually dated to between the 1st century BCE and 5th century CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1998 75&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zvelebil 1973&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Middle Tamil ===<br /> [[File:Tanjavur Tamil Inscription2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Middle Tamil]] inscriptions in [[Vatteluttu|Vatteluttu script]] in stone during [[Chola empire|Chola]] period {{circa|1000}} CE at [[Brahadeeswara temple]] in [[Thanjavur]], Tamil Nadu|left]]<br /> {{Main|Middle Tamil language}}<br /> The evolution of [[Old Tamil]] into [[Middle Tamil]], which is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1998 75&quot;/&gt; was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Kuiper|1958|p=194}}&lt;/ref&gt; the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Meenakshisundaran|1965|pp=132–133}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the transformation of the alveolar [[plosive]] into a [[Rhotic consonant|rhotic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Kuiper|1958|pp=213–215}}&lt;/ref&gt; In grammar, the most important change was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb ''{{IAST|kil}}'' ({{lang|ta|கில்}}), meaning &quot;to be possible&quot; or &quot;to befall&quot;. In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an [[Grammatical aspect|aspect marker]] to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ''{{IAST|ṉ}}'' ({{lang|ta|ன்}}). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – ''{{IAST|kiṉṟa}}'' ({{lang|ta|கின்ற}}) – which combined the old aspect and time markers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.2307/601707| jstor = 601707| title = The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil| journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society| volume = 105| issue = 2| pages = 277–291| year = 1985| last1 = Rajam | first1 = V. S.}} at pp. 284–285&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Modern Tamil ===<br /> The [[Nannūl]] remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Shapiro|Schiffman|1983|p=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Colloquial spoken Tamil, in contrast, shows a number of changes. The negative conjugation of verbs, for example, has fallen out of use in Modern Tamil&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Annamalai|Steever|1998|p=100}}&lt;/ref&gt; – instead, negation is expressed either morphologically or syntactically.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Steever|2005|pp=107–8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Modern spoken Tamil also shows a number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Meenakshisundaran|1965|p=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Meenakshisundaran|1965|pp=122–123}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Changes in written Tamil include the use of European-style punctuation and the use of consonant clusters that were not permitted in Middle Tamil. The syntax of written Tamil has also changed, with the introduction of new aspectual auxiliaries and more complex sentence structures, and with the emergence of a more rigid word order that resembles the [[Theta role|syntactic argument structure]] of English.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.59| title = Standard Language and Socio-Historical Parameters: Standard Lankan Tamil| journal = International Journal of the Sociology of Language| issue = 16| year = 1978| last1 = Kandiah | first1 = T. | s2cid = 143499414}} at pp. 65–69&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named ''[[Thambiran Vanakkam]]'', thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-saw-its-first-book-in-1578/article476102.ece|title=Tamil saw its first book in 1578|author=Karthik Madhavan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2010-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; The ''[[Tamil Lexicon]]'', published by the [[University of Madras]], was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last = Kolappan |first = B. |title = Delay, howlers in Tamil Lexicon embarrass scholars |newspaper = The Hindu| location = Chennai| date = 22 June 2014| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/delay-howlers-in-tamil-lexicon-embarrass-scholars/article6138747.ece |access-date = 25 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A strong strain of [[linguistic purism]] emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the [[Pure Tamil Movement]] which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil.&lt;ref name=&quot;thaniththamizh&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997}}&lt;/ref&gt; It received some support from [[Dravidian parties]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997}}: &quot;Dravidianism, too, lent its support to the contestatory classicist project, motivated principally by the political imperative of countering (Sanskritic) Indian nationalism... It was not until the DMK came to power in 1967 that such demands were fulfilled, and the pure Tamil cause received a boost, although purification efforts are not particularly high on the agenda of either the Dravidian movement or the Dravidianist idiom of tamiḻppaṟṟu.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; This led to the replacement of a significant number of [[Sanskrit]] loanwords by Tamil equivalents, though many others remain.&lt;ref name=&quot;Krishnamurti 2003 p=480&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Krishnamurti|2003|p=480}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies.&lt;ref&gt;''India 2001: A Reference Annual 2001''. Compiled and edited by Research, Reference and Training Division, Publications Division, New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geographic distribution ==<br /> Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], (in India) and in the [[Northern Province, Sri Lanka|Northern]] and [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|Eastern]] provinces of [[Sri Lanka]]. The language is spoken among small minority groups in other states of India which include [[Karnataka]], [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Delhi]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] in India and in certain regions of Sri Lanka such as [[Colombo]] and [[Central Province, Sri Lanka|the hill country]]. Tamil or dialects of it were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century CE. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern [[Andhra Pradesh]] districts of [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]] and [[Nellore district|Nellore]] until the 12th century CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;Talbot 2001 27–37&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Talbot|2001|pp=27–37}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as [[Kolar District|Kolar]], [[Mysore]], [[Mandya]] and [[Bengaluru]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Murthy|Rao|Veluthat|Bari|1990|pp=85–106}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are currently sizeable [[Tamil diaspora|Tamil-speaking populations]] descended from colonial-era migrants in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Philippines]], [[Mauritius]], [[Tamil South Africans|South Africa]], Indonesia,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Ramstedt|2004|p= 243}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thailand,&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Kesavapany|Mani|Ramasamy|2008|p= 60}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Burma]], [[Brunei]], and [[Vietnam]]. Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in [[Malaysia]], along with English, Malay and Mandarin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamil Schools&quot;&gt;[http://www.indianmalaysian.com/education.htm Tamil Schools]. Indianmalaysian.com. Retrieved 28 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ghazali, Kamila (2010). [https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/national-identity-and-minority-languages UN Chronicle – National Identity and Minority Languages]. United Nations, accessed 28 Jan 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; A large community of [[Tamils in Pakistan|Pakistani Tamils]] speakers exists in [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]], which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus&lt;ref name=&quot;TNP&quot;&gt;{{Citation<br /> |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-98530-Strangers-to-their-roots-and-those-around-them<br /> |title=Strangers to Their Roots and Those Around Them<br /> |author=Shahbazi, Ammar<br /> |date=20 March 2012<br /> |work=The News (Pakistan)<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617043012/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-98530-Strangers-to-their-roots-and-those-around-them<br /> |archive-date=17 June 2013<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PHP&quot;&gt;Sunny, Sanjesh (21 September 2010) [https://pakistanhindupost.blogspot.com/2010/09/picture-of-tamil-hindus-in-karachi.html Tamil Hindus in Karachi]. ''Pakistan Hindu Post''&lt;/ref&gt; as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka.&lt;ref name=&quot;HBL&quot;&gt;Raman, B. (15 July 2002) [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/07/15/stories/2002071500050800.htm Osama's shadow on Sri Lanka?]. ''The Hindu Business Line''&lt;/ref&gt; There are about 100 Tamil Hindu families in [[Madrasi Para]] colony in Karachi. They speak impeccable Tamil along with Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Sumit |date=2018-11-03 |title=For Tamil cuisine, away in Pakistan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/for-tamil-cuisine-away-in-pakistan/article25414464.ece |access-date=12 July 2019 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Many in [[Réunion]], [[Guyana]], [[Fiji]], [[Suriname]], and [[Trinidad and Tobago]] have Tamil origins,&lt;ref name=&quot;ucberkeleydiaspora&quot;&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/overview.html |title=Overview of the South Asian Diaspora |access-date=23 April 2008 |last=McMahon |first=Suzanne |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110327123838/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/overview.html|archive-date=2011-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; but only a small number speak the language. In Reunion where the Tamil language was forbidden to be learnt and used in public space by [[France]] it is now being relearnt by students and adults.&lt;ref name=&quot;ucberkeleydiaspora1&quot;&gt;{{Citation|url= http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/tamil.html |title= Indentured immigration and social accommodation in La Réunion |access-date=8 January 2010 |last= Ghasarian |first=Christian |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110511142452/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/tamil.html|archive-date=2011-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil is also spoken by migrants [[Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora|from Sri Lanka]] and India in [[Tamil Canadians|Canada]], the [[Tamil Americans|United States]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[British Tamils|United Kingdom]], [[Tamil South Africans|South Africa]], and [[Tamil Australians|Australia]].<br /> <br /> == Status ==<br /> {{see also|States of India by Tamil speakers}}<br /> <br /> === Official status ===<br /> Tamil is the [[official language]] of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the [[Languages with official status in India|22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Eight&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Eighth Schedule|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/S8.pdf|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=5 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the official languages of the union territories of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last = Ramamoorthy | first = L | publisher = Language in India | url = http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2004/multilingual.html | date = February 2004 | title = Multilingualism and Second Language Acquisition and Learning in Pondicherry | access-date =16 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last = Sunwani | first = Vijay K | publisher = Language in India | url = http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2007/northeasternstates.pdf | date = February 2007 | title = Amazing Andamans and North-East India: A Panoramic View of States, Societies and Cultures | access-date =16 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil is also one of the official languages of [[Singapore]]. Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;languagesdept&quot;&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/|title=Department of Official Languages|publisher=Government of Sri Lanka|access-date=13 September 2012|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106094214/http://www.languagesdept.gov.lk/%20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was once given nominal official status in the Indian state of [[Haryana]], purportedly as a rebuff to [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;Bharadwaj, Ajay (7 March 2010) [http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1356124/report-punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana Punjabi edges out Tamil in Haryana]. DNA India&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the [[Government of India]] and following a political campaign supported by several Tamil associations,&lt;ref name=&quot;dmkpolitics2&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Dutta |first=Sujan |title=Classic case of politics of language |date=28 September 2004 |work=The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040928/asp/frontpage/story_3813391.asp |access-date=20 April 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203214540/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040928/asp/frontpage/story_3813391.asp |archive-date=3 February 2013 |url-status=dead |place=[[Kolkata]], India |quote=Members of the committee felt that the pressure was being brought on it because of the compulsions of the Congress and the UPA government to appease its ally, M. Karunanidhi's DMK.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;historyofdemand&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Viswanathan |first=S. |title=Recognising a classic |date=October 2004 |work=The Hindu |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2122/stories/20041105004310600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926212522/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2122/stories/20041105004310600.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil became the first legally recognised [[Languages of India#Classical languages of India|Classical language]] of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous [[President of India]], [[Abdul Kalam]], who was a Tamil himself, in a joint sitting of both houses of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] on 6 June 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;LanguageInIndia&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Thirumalai |first=MS |title=Tradition, Modernity and Impact of Globalization&amp;nbsp;– Whither Will Tamil Go? |date=November 2004 |journal=Language in India |volume=4 |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/tamilglobalization1.html |access-date=17 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Classical language&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2004-09-17 |title=India sets up classical languages |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3667032.stm |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Hindu Classical language&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051030050314/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/28/stories/2005102809281200.htm &quot;Sanskrit to be declared classical language&quot;]. ''The Hindu''. 28 October 2005.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Education ===<br /> In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in [[Tamil primary schools in Malaysia|Tamil as the medium of instruction]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/540/handouts/sparadox/sparadox.html |title=Language Shift in the Tamil Communities of Malaysia and Singapore: the Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy |publisher=Ccat.sas.upenn.edu |access-date=13 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of Tamil-medium schools has been in process in [[Myanmar]] to provide education completely in Tamil language by the Tamils who settled there 200 years ago.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-03-06 |title=Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25438275 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil language is available as a course in some local school boards and major universities in [[Canada]] and the month of January has been declared &quot;Tamil Heritage Month&quot; by the [[Parliament of Canada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/01/14/statement-prime-minister-canada-thai-pongal|title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on Thai Pongal|date=13 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/canada-officially-declares-pride-its-tamils-passes-bill-calling-tamil-heritage-month-51059|title=Canada officially declares pride in its Tamils, passes Bill calling for Tamil Heritage Month|date=8 October 2016|work=The News Minute|access-date=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil enjoys a special status of protection under Article 6(b), Chapter 1 of the [[Constitution of South Africa]] and is taught as a subject in schools in [[KwaZulu-Natal]] province.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/constitution/english-web/ch1.html|title=Constitutional Court of South Africa – The Constitution|website=www.constitutionalcourt.org.za|access-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060518064102/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/constitution/english-web/ch1.html|archive-date=2006-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/five-indian-languages-reinstated-as-official-subjects-in-south-african-schools-1395392591-1|title=Five Indian languages reinstated as official subjects in South African schools|date=21 March 2014|work=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Recently, it has been rolled out as a subject of study in schools in the [[Overseas France|French overseas department]] of [[Réunion]].&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/For-these-islanders-a-reunion-with-Tamil/article17009446.ece|title=For these islanders, a reunion with Tamil|work=The Hindu|date=8 January 2017|access-date=6 August 2017|last1=Srivatsa|first1=Sharath S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Mass media ===<br /> {{See also|Tamil cinema}}<br /> Tamil-language paper media such as [[newspaper]]s are very common, with a 2001 survey claiming there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil (including 353 dailies). Tamil-language digital media is also abundant, with films being especially common.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Linguistic Survey of India Tamil Nadu |publisher=Language Division Office of the Registrar General, India |pages=48–66 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Dialects ==<br /> [[File:Jambai Tamil Brahmi.jpg|thumb|upright=1.81|[[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci|Jambai Tamil Brahmi inscription]] near [[Tirukkoyilur]] in [[Villupuram district]], Tamil Nadu dated to the early [[Tamil Sangam]] age ({{Circa|400 BC}})]]<br /> {{Listen<br /> | type = speech<br /> | header =<br /> | filename = Oppaari Song.ogg<br /> | title = Colloquial Tamil 'Oppaari song'<br /> | description = Oppaari song lamenting death, sung by women during a death ceremony. Here it is the death of a son lamented by the mother.<br /> | filename2 = Ta-ponnagaram.ogg<br /> | title2 = Pudumaipithan's short story 'Pon Nagaram'<br /> | description2 = Audio recording of [[Pudumaipithan]]'s short story 'Pon Nagaram' (showing a few loanwords).<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Region-specific variations ===<br /> {{see also|Sri Lankan Tamil dialects|Indian Tamil dialect of Sri Lanka}}<br /> The [[Socio-linguistics|socio-linguistic]] situation of Tamil is characterised by [[diglossia]]: there are two separate registers varying by [[socioeconomic status]], a high register and a low one.&lt;ref&gt;Arokianathan, S. [http://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/piil/acharya2.html Writing and Diglossic: A Case Study of Tamil Radio Plays] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928092717/https://www.ciil-ebooks.net/html/piil/acharya2.html |date=28 September 2007 }}. ciil-ebooks.net&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.2307/414796| jstor = 414796| title = Diglossia: A Study of the Theory, with Application to Tamil| journal = Language| volume = 64| issue = 1| pages = 152–155| year = 1988| last1 = Steever | first1 = S. B. | last2 = Britto | first2 = F. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example, the word for &quot;here&quot;—''{{IAST|iṅku}}'' in ''Centamil'' (the classic variety)—has evolved into ''{{IAST |iṅkū}}'' in the Kongu dialect of [[Coimbatore]], ''inga'' in the dialects of [[Thanjavur]] and [[Palakkad]], and ''{{IAST |iṅkai}}'' in some [[Sri Lankan Tamil dialects|dialects of Sri Lanka]]. Old Tamil's ''{{IAST|iṅkaṇ}}'' (where ''{{IAST|kaṇ}}'' means place) is the source of ''{{IAST |iṅkane}}'' in the dialect of [[Tirunelveli]], Old Tamil ''{{IAST |iṅkiṭṭu}}'' is the source of ''{{IAST |iṅkuṭṭu}}'' in the dialect of [[Madurai]], and ''{{IAST |iṅkaṭe}}'' in some northern dialects. Even now, in the Coimbatore area, it is common to hear &quot;{{IAST|akkaṭṭa}}&quot; meaning &quot;that place&quot;. Although Tamil dialects do not differ significantly in their vocabulary, there are a few exceptions. The dialects spoken in Sri Lanka retain many words and grammatical forms that are not in everyday use in India,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmann 1998 75&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=as&gt;{{Harvnb|Annamalai|Steever|1998|pp=100–28}}&lt;/ref&gt; and use many other words slightly differently.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.1163/000000066790086440| title = Some features of Ceylon Tamil| journal = Indo-Iranian Journal| volume = 9| issue = 2| page = 113| year = 1966| last1 = Zvelebil | first1 = K. }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil dialects include [[Central Tamil dialect]], [[Kongu Tamil]], [[Madras Bashai]], [[Madurai Tamil]], [[Nellai Tamil]], Kumari Tamil in India; [[Batticaloa Tamil dialect]], [[Jaffna Tamil dialect]], [[Negombo Tamil dialect]] in Sri Lanka; and [[Malaysian Tamil]] in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> ==== Loanword variations ====<br /> {{See also|Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil|Loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil}}<br /> The dialect of the district of [[Palakkad]] in Kerala has many [[Malayalam]] loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from [[Kanyakumari district]] is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. [[Hebbar Iyengars|Hebbar]] and [[Mandyam]] dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavites]] who migrated to [[Karnataka]] in the 11th century, retain many features of the ''Vaishnava paribasai'', a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values.&lt;ref&gt;Thiru. Mu (1978). Kovintācāriyar, ''{{IAST|Vāḻaiyaṭi vāḻai}}'' Lifco, Madras, pp. 26–39.&lt;/ref&gt; Several [[caste]]s have their own [[sociolect]]s which most members of that caste traditionally used regardless of where they come from. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech.&lt;ref name=&quot;EB 2007&quot;&gt;Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2013) [http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/581953/Tamil-language &quot;Tamil dialects&quot;] in ''Tamil language''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online&lt;/ref&gt; For example, [[Tamil Brahmin]]s tend to speak a variety of dialects that are all collectively known as [[Brahmin Tamil]]. These dialects tend to have softer consonants (with consonant deletion also common). These dialects also tend to have many [[Sanskrit]] loanwords. Tamil in Sri Lanka incorporates [[Loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil|loan words]] from [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Dutch Language|Dutch]], and English.<br /> <br /> == Spoken and literary variants ==<br /> <br /> &lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Listen<br /> <br /> | type = speech<br /> | header =<br /> | filename = Thiruppugazh - Umbartharu - Hamsadhwani.wav<br /> | title = Thiruppugazh – Umbartharu – Hamsadhwani<br /> | description = Literary Tamil in hymn 'Umbartharu' (Hamsadhwani) on lord [[Ganesha]] from [[Thiruppugazh]] (c. 1400s).<br /> | filename2 =Ta - குளிர் காய நேரமில்லை - அறிவுக் கதைகள் - ம.பொ.சிவஞானம்.ogg<br /> | title2 = Sivagnanam's 'Arivuk kadhaigal'.<br /> | description2 =Literary Tamil pronunciation. Reading an excerpt from [[Ma. Po. Si.]]'s book 'Arivuk kadhaigal' (1900s).<br /> | filename3 = Ta-Senthamizh Nadu.ogg<br /> | title3 = Bharathi's 'Senthamil nadu ennum' song<br /> | description3 =Literary Tamil pronunciation in song written by [[Subramanya Bharathi]], 'Senthamizh naadennum pothinile' (1900s ).<br /> }}<br /> In addition to its dialects, Tamil exhibits different forms: a classical literary style modelled on the ancient language (''{{IAST|sankattamiḻ}}''), a modern literary and formal style (''{{IAST|centamiḻ}}''), and a modern [[colloquial]] form (''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}''). These styles shade into each other, forming a stylistic continuum. For example, it is possible to write ''{{IAST|centamiḻ}}'' with a vocabulary drawn from ''{{IAST|caṅkattamiḻ}}'', or to use forms associated with one of the other variants while speaking ''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}''.&lt;ref&gt;Schiffman, Harold (1997). &quot;[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/messeas/diglossia/handbuk.html Diglossia as a Sociolinguistic Situation]&quot;, in Florian Coulmas (ed.), ''The Handbook of Sociolinguistics''. London: Basil Blackwell, Ltd. pp. 205 ff.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In modern times, ''{{IAST|centamiḻ}}'' is generally used in formal writing and speech. For instance, it is the language of textbooks, of much of [[Tamil literature]] and of public speaking and debate. Modern written Tamil also has a conservative appearance, and it is possible to read eight-century Tamil inscriptions with it.&lt;ref&gt;Tienken, Herman, Metaphony, or height harmony, in written Tamil and Malayalam pp. 53-66 https://hermantieken.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/doc.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; In recent times, however, ''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}'' has been making inroads into areas that have traditionally been considered the province of ''{{IAST|centamiḻ}}''. Most contemporary cinema, theatre and popular entertainment on television and radio, for example, is in ''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}'', and many politicians use it to bring themselves closer to their audience. The increasing use of ''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}'' in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial 'standard' spoken dialects. In India, the 'standard' ''{{IAST|koṭuntamiḻ}}'', rather than on any one dialect,&lt;ref name=&quot;Standard restandard&quot;&gt;{{Citation | last1 = Schiffman | first1 = Harold | year = 1998 | title = Standardization or restandardization: The case for 'Standard' Spoken Tamil | url =http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/public/stantam/STANTAM.HTM | journal = Language in Society | volume = 27 | issue = 3| pages = 359–385 |doi=10.1017/S0047404598003030 | postscript = .| url-access = subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{clarify|date=May 2022}} but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of [[Thanjavur]] and [[Madurai]]. Spoken Tamil in India is often mixed with English to create the hybrid language [[Tanglish]], which has been growing in popularity, especially in cities. In Sri Lanka, the standard is based on the dialect of [[Jaffna]].<br /> <br /> === Lexical differences ===<br /> There are some words that are only used in Literary Tamil such as: ''annai'' (mother), ''ali'' (offer), ''iyalum'' (possible), ''illam'' (house), and ''karpi'' (teach).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> There are also some words only used in Colloquial Tamil, such as: ''Le:cu'' (easy), ''rompa'' (much), ''vantava:''lam ''(unpleasant facts)'', ''tatave'' (times/occasion).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Comparative text ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Literary Tamil&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> !Colloquial Tamil<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''atu avaratu panam.''<br /> ''na:n pe:na:vai avanitam kotutten.''<br /> |''atu avaro:da panam.'' <br /> ''na: pe:na:va avankitte kututtæn.''<br /> |It is his money.<br /> I gave the pen to him.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Writing system ==<br /> &lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> {{main|Tamil script|Tamil braille}}<br /> {{see also|Vatteluttu|Grantha script|Pallava script|Arwi|}}<br /> [[File:History of Tamil script.jpg|thumb|upright=1.81|Historical evolution of Tamil writing from the earlier [[Tamil Brahmi]] near the top to the current [[Tamil script]] at bottom]]<br /> [[File:Tirukkural manuscript.jpg|thumb|upright=1.81|''[[Tirukkural|Tirukkuṟaḷ]]'' [[palm leaf manuscript]]]]<br /> After [[Tamil Brahmi]] fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called [[Vatteluttu alphabet|{{IAST|vaṭṭeḻuttu}}]] amongst others such as [[Grantha script|Grantha]] and [[Pallava script|Pallava]]. The current [[Tamil script]] consists of 12 [[vowel]]s, 18 [[consonant]]s and one special character, the ''[[āytam]]''. The vowels and consonants combine to form 216 compound characters, giving a total of 247 characters (12 + 18 + 1 + (12 × 18)). All consonants have an inherent vowel ''a'', as with other [[Indic scripts]]. This inherent vowel is removed by adding a [[tittle]] called a ''{{IAST|puḷḷi}}'', to the consonantal sign&lt;!--, whereas no such distinction is there in other Indic scipts--&gt;. For example, {{lang|ta|ன}} is ''ṉa'' (with the inherent ''a'') and {{lang|ta|ன்}} is ''ṉ'' (without a vowel). Many Indic scripts have a similar sign, generically called [[virama]], but the Tamil script is somewhat different in that it nearly always uses a visible ''puḷḷi'' to indicate a 'dead consonant' (a consonant without a vowel). In other Indic scripts, it is generally preferred to use a ligature or a half form to write a syllable or a cluster containing a dead consonant, although writing it with a visible virama is also possible. The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced [[plosive]]s. Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of [[Tamil phonology]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tamil Language/Letters - Wikiversity |url=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Tamil_Language/Letters |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=en.wikiversity.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the standard characters, six characters taken from the [[Grantha script]], which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, [[Prakrit]], and other languages. The traditional system prescribed by classical grammars for writing loan-words, which involves respelling them in accordance with Tamil phonology, remains, but is not always consistently applied.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|last=Fowler|first=Murray|title=The Segmental Phonemes of Sanskritized Tamil |journal=Language |volume=30 |pages=360–367 |doi=10.2307/410134 |year=1954 |jstor=410134 |issue=3}} at p. 360.&lt;/ref&gt; [[ISO 15919#Overview|ISO 15919]] is an international standard for the [[Tamil script#Letters|transliteration of Tamil]] and other [[Indic scripts]] into Latin characters. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of [[Brahmic scripts|Brahmic consonants and vowels]] to [[Latin script]], and thus the alphabets of various languages, including English.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/mode/2up |title=The world's writing systems |last2=Bright |first2=William |date=1996 |publisher=New York : Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Numerals and symbols ===<br /> {{main|Tamil numerals}}<br /> Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, and numeral are present as well. Tamil also uses several historical fractional signs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=V |first=Selvakumar |date=13 May 2025 |title=History of Numbers and Fractions and Arithmetic Calculations in the Tamil Region: Some Observations |url=https://scispace.com/pdf/history-of-numbers-and-fractions-and-arithmetic-calculations-mv5r8z0ojx.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=History of Numbers and Fractions and Arithmetic Calculations in the Tamil Region: Some Observations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513133748/https://scispace.com/pdf/history-of-numbers-and-fractions-and-arithmetic-calculations-mv5r8z0ojx.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! zero || one || two || three || four || five || six || seven|| eight || nine|| ten || hundred || thousand<br /> |- style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;<br /> | {{lang|ta|௦}} || {{lang|ta|௧}} || {{lang|ta|௨}} || {{lang|ta|௩}} || {{lang|ta|௪}} || {{lang|ta|௫}} || {{lang|ta|௬}} || {{lang|ta|௭}} || {{lang|ta|௮}} || {{lang|ta|௯}} || {{lang|ta|௰}} || {{lang|ta|௱}} || {{lang|ta|௲}}<br /> |}<br /> {| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! day || month || year || debit || credit || as above || rupee || numeral<br /> |- style=&quot;font-size: 150%&quot;<br /> | {{lang|ta|௳}} || {{lang|ta|௴}} || {{lang|ta|௵}} || {{lang|ta|௶}} || {{lang|ta|௷}} || {{lang|ta|௸}} || {{lang|ta|௹}} || {{lang|ta|௺}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> &lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> {{Main|Tamil phonology}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |+Tamil consonants&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Keane|2004|p=111}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br /> ![[Dental consonant|Dental]]<br /> ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br /> ![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]<br /> ![[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]<br /> ![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br /> ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br /> |-<br /> ![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]<br /> |{{IPA link|m}} {{lang|ta|ம்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|n̪}}) {{lang|ta|ந்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|n}} {{lang|ta|ன்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɳ}} {{lang|ta|ண்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɲ}} {{lang|ta|ஞ்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|ŋ}}) {{lang|ta|ங்}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Stop consonant|Stop]]/[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]<br /> |{{IPA link|p}} {{lang|ta|ப்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t̪}} {{lang|ta|த்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|t|trː}} {{lang|ta|ற்ற}})<br /> |{{IPA link|ʈ}} {{lang|ta|ட்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t͡ɕ}} ~ {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} {{lang|ta|ச்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|k}} {{lang|ta|க்}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br /> |({{IPA link|f}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |<br /> |({{IPA link|z}}, {{IPA link|s}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; {{lang|ta|ஸ்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|ʂ}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; {{lang|ta|ஷ்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|ɕ}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; {{lang|ta|ஶ்}}<br /> |({{IPA link|x}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |({{IPA link|h}})&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; {{lang|ta|ஹ்}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Tap consonant|Tap]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |[[ɾ]] {{lang|ta|ர்}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Trill consonant|Trill]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|r}} {{lang|ta|ற்}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br /> |{{IPA link|ʋ}} {{lang|ta|வ்}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|ɻ}} {{lang|ta|ழ்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|j}} {{lang|ta|ய்}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Lateral consonant|Lateral approximant]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|l}} {{lang|ta|ல்}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɭ}} {{lang|ta|ள்}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> {{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/x/}}, {{IPA|/f/}}, {{IPA|/z/}}, {{IPA|/ʂ/}} and {{IPA|/ɕ/}} are only found in loanwords and may be considered marginal phonemes, though they are traditionally not seen as fully phonemic.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+[[Monophthong]]s&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Keane|2004|pp=114–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Front vowel|Front]]<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Central vowel|Central]]<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Back vowel|Back]]<br /> |-<br /> !&lt;small&gt;short&lt;/small&gt;<br /> !&lt;small&gt;long&lt;/small&gt;<br /> !&lt;small&gt;short&lt;/small&gt;<br /> !&lt;small&gt;long&lt;/small&gt;<br /> !&lt;small&gt;short&lt;/small&gt;<br /> !&lt;small&gt;long&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> ![[Close vowel|Close]]<br /> |{{IPA link|i}} '''{{lang|ta|இ}}'''<br /> |{{IPA link|iː}} '''{{lang|ta|ஈ}}'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|u}} '''{{lang|ta|உ}}'''<br /> |{{IPA link|uː}} '''{{lang|ta|ஊ}}'''<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> ![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br /> |{{IPA link|e}} '''{{lang|ta|எ}}'''<br /> |{{IPA link|eː}} '''{{lang|ta|ஏ}}'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|o}} '''{{lang|ta|ஒ}}'''<br /> |{{IPA link|oː}} '''{{lang|ta|ஓ}}'''<br /> |- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> ![[Open vowel|Open]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|ä}} '''{{lang|ta|அ}}'''<br /> |{{IPA link|äː}} '''{{lang|ta|ஆ}}'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> Tamil has two [[diphthong]]s: {{IPA|/aɪ̯/}} '''{{lang|ta|ஐ}}''' and {{IPA|/aʊ̯/}} '''{{lang|ta|ஔ}}''', the latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items.<br /> <br /> === Phonotactics ===<br /> Tamil has no [[consonant cluster]]s at the beginning of words and the consonant clusters which do occur are: /mp/, /rt/, /ɳʈ/, /ŋk/, /ṇt/, /ll/, /ɭɭ/, /pp/, /cc/, /tt/, /kk/, /rr/, /ɾk/, /mm/, and /nn/.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==&lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> {{Tamils}}<br /> {{Dravidian}}<br /> {{Listen<br /> | type = speech<br /> | header = Tamil tongue twisters.<br /> | filename = நா நெகிழ் பயிற்சி வாக்கியம் 7.ogg<br /> | title = ல-கரம், ழ-கரம்.<br /> | description = &lt;small&gt;'குலை குலையாய் வாழைப்பழம், மழையில் அழுகி கீழே விழுந்தது.'&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | filename2 = நா நெகிழ் பயிற்சி 2.ogg<br /> | title2 = (பேச்சுத் தமிழில்) ந-கரம், ட-கரம்.<br /> | description2 =&lt;small&gt;கொக்கு நெட்ட கொக்கு. நெட்ட கொக்கு இட்ட முட்ட, கட்ட முட்ட.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | filename3 = Tamil tongue twister.ogg<br /> | title3 = ழ-கரம்.<br /> | description3 = &lt;small&gt;ஏழை கிழவன் வாழைப் பழத் தோல் மேல் சருசருக்கி வழுவழுக்கி கீழே விழுந்தான்.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | filename4 = நா நெகிழ் பயிற்சி வாக்கியம் 10.ogg<br /> | title4 = ல-கரம், ள-கரம்.<br /> | description4 =&lt;small&gt;'அவள் அவலளந்தால், இவள் அவலளப்பாள். இவள் அவலளந்தால், அவள் அவலளப்பாள். அவளும் இவளும் அவல் அளக்காவிட்டால், எவள் அவலளப்பாள் ?'&lt;/small&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{main|Tamil grammar}}<br /> <br /> Tamil employs [[Agglutination|agglutinative]] grammar, where suffixes are used to mark [[noun class]], [[grammatical number|number]], and [[Grammatical case|case]], verb [[grammatical tense|tense]] and other grammatical categories. Tamil's standard [[metalanguage|metalinguistic]] terminology and scholarly vocabulary is itself Tamil, as opposed to the [[Sanskrit]] that is standard for most [[Indo-Aryan languages]].&lt;ref name=&quot;metalanguage_zvelbil&quot;&gt;{{citation |last=Zvelebil |first=Kamil |title=The Smile of Murugan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VF2VMUoY_okC&amp;pg=PA4 |publisher=BRILL |year=1973 |page=4 |isbn=978-90-04-03591-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ramanujam, A. K.; Dharwadker, V. (eds.) (2000) ''The collected essays of A.K. Ramanujam'', Oxford University Press, p. 111. {{ISBN|0-19-563937-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for Tamil, the ''[[Tolkāppiyam]]''. Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th-century grammar ''{{IAST|Naṉṉūl}}'' which restated and clarified the rules of the ''Tolkāppiyam'', with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely ''{{IAST|eḻuttu}}'', ''{{IAST|col}}'', ''{{IAST|poruḷ}}'', ''{{IAST|yāppu}}'', ''{{IAST|aṇi}}''. Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry.&lt;ref name=&quot;five_parts_grammar&quot;&gt;{{citation |title=Five fold grammar of Tamil |url=http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/tamil/lit.html |url-status=dead |work=University of Pennsylvania |access-date=1 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609115617/http://www.southasia.upenn.edu/tamil/lit.html |archive-date=9 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tamil words consist of a [[lexeme|lexical root]] to which one or more [[affix]]es are attached. Most Tamil affixes are [[suffix]]es. Tamil suffixes can be [[Morphological derivation|derivational]] suffixes, which either change the part of speech of the word or its meaning, or [[inflection]]al suffixes, which mark categories such as [[Grammatical person|person]], [[Grammatical number|number]], [[Grammatical mood|mood]], [[Grammatical tense|tense]], etc. There is no absolute limit on the length and extent of [[agglutination]], which can lead to long words with many suffixes, which would require several words or a sentence in English. To give an example, the word ''pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka'' (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means &quot;for the sake of those who cannot go&quot; and consists of the following [[morpheme]]s:<br /> <br /> {{fs interlinear|indent=2<br /> |போக முடி ஆத் அ வர் கள் உக்கு ஆக<br /> |pōka muṭi āt a var kaḷ ukku āka<br /> |go accomplish {{gcl|NEG|negation}}.IMPRS PTCP {{gcl|NMLZ|nominalizer (&quot;he/she who does&quot;)}} PL to for<br /> |}}<br /> <br /> === Morphology ===<br /> <br /> &lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> <br /> Tamil nouns (and pronouns) are classified into two super-classes (''{{IAST|tiṇai}}'')—the &quot;rational&quot; (''{{IAST|uyartiṇai}}''), and the &quot;irrational&quot; (''{{transliteration|ta|ISO|akṟiṇai}}'')—which include a total of five classes (''pāl'', which literally means &quot;gender&quot;). Humans and [[deity|deities]] are classified as &quot;rational&quot;, and all other nouns (animals, objects, abstract nouns) are classified as irrational. The &quot;rational&quot; nouns and pronouns belong to one of three classes (''pāl'')—masculine singular, feminine singular, and rational plural. The &quot;irrational&quot; nouns and pronouns belong to one of two classes: irrational singular and irrational plural. The ''pāl'' is often indicated through suffixes. The plural form for rational nouns may be used as an [[honorific]], gender-neutral, singular form.&lt;ref name=&quot;classes_of_nouns&quot;&gt;{{Citation<br /> <br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AfwCAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Classes+of+nouns+in+Tamil%22&amp;pg=RA1-PA156<br /> | title = Classes of nouns in Tamil<br /> | access-date =1 June 2007<br /> | publisher = Trübner<br /> | last1 = Caldwell | first1 = Robert<br /> | year = 1875}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background: #f2f2f2;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|'''peyarccol (Name-words)'''&lt;ref name=&quot;classes_of_nouns2&quot;&gt;{{citation<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AfwCAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%22Classes+of+nouns+in+Tamil%22&amp;pg=RA1-PA156<br /> | title = Classes of nouns in Tamil<br /> | access-date = 1 June 2007| last1 = Caldwell<br /> | first1 = Robert<br /> | year = 1875<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background: #f2f2f2;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|'''''uyartiṇai'''''&lt;br /&gt;(rational)<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background: #f2f2f2;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|'''''aḵṟiṇai'''''&lt;br /&gt;(irrational)<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9;&quot;|''āṇpāl''&lt;br /&gt;Male<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9;&quot;|''peṇpāl''&lt;br /&gt;Female<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9;&quot;|''palarpāl''&lt;br /&gt;Collective<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9;&quot;|''oṉṟaṉpāl''&lt;br /&gt;One<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background: #f9f9f9;&quot;|''palaviṉpāl''&lt;br /&gt;Many<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background: #f2f2f2;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|'''Example: the Tamil words for &quot;doer&quot;'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9;&quot;|''ceytavaṉ''&lt;br /&gt;He who did<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9;&quot;|''ceytavaḷ''&lt;br /&gt;She who did<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9;&quot;|''ceytavar(kaḷ)''&lt;br /&gt;They who did<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9;&quot;|''ceytatu''&lt;br /&gt;That which did<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background:#f9f9f9;&quot;|''ceytavai''&lt;br /&gt;Those ones which did<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Suffixes are used to perform the functions of [[Grammatical case|cases]] or [[postposition]]s. Traditional grammarians tried to group the various suffixes into eight cases corresponding to the cases used in [[Sanskrit]]. These were the [[nominative case|nominative]], [[accusative case|accusative]], [[dative case|dative]], [[sociative case|sociative]], [[genitive case|genitive]], [[instrumental case|instrumental]], [[locative case|locative]], and [[ablative case|ablative]]. Modern grammarians argue that this classification is artificial,&lt;ref name='CaseMarkerZvelebil'&gt;{{citation|title=Dravidian Case-Suffixes: Attempt at a Reconstruction|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|date=April–June 1972|first=K. V.|last=Zvelebil|volume=92|issue=2|pages=272–276 |jstor=600654|quote=The entire problem of the concept of &quot;case&quot; in Dravidian will be ignored in this paper. In fact, we might posit a great number of &quot;cases&quot; for perhaps any Dravidian language once we departed from the familiar types of paradigms forced upon us by traditional, indigenous and European grammars, especially of the literary languages. It is, for instance, sheer convention based on Tamil grammatical tradition (influenced no doubt by Sanskrit) that, as a rule, the number of cases in Tamil is given as eight.|doi=10.2307/600654}}&lt;/ref&gt; and that Tamil usage is best understood if each suffix or combination of suffixes is seen as marking a separate case.&lt;ref name=&quot;Standard restandard&quot; /&gt; Tamil nouns can take one of four [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefixes]]: ''i'', ''a'', ''u'', and ''e'' which are functionally equivalent to the [[demonstrative]]s in English. For example, the word ''vazhi'' (வழி) meaning &quot;way&quot; can take these to produce ''ivvazhi'' (இவ்வழி) &quot;this way&quot;, ''avvazhi'' (அவ்வழி) &quot;that way&quot;, ''uvvazhi'' (உவ்வழி) &quot;the medial way&quot; (only used in [[Sri Lankan Tamil dialects|Sri Lanka]]) and ''evvazhi'' (எவ்வழி) &quot;which way&quot;.<br /> <br /> Tamil verbs are also inflected through the use of suffixes. A typical Tamil verb form will have a number of [[suffix]]es, which show person, number, mood, tense, and voice.<br /> * Person and number are indicated by suffixing the [[oblique case]] of the relevant pronoun. The suffixes to indicate tenses and voice are formed from [[grammatical particle]]s, which are added to the stem.<br /> * Tamil has two voices. The first indicates that the subject of the sentence ''undergoes'' or ''is the object of'' the action named by the verb stem, and the second indicates that the subject of the sentence ''directs'' the action referred to by the verb stem.<br /> * Tamil has three simple tenses—past, present, and future—indicated by the suffixes, as well as a series of perfects indicated by compound suffixes. Mood is implicit in Tamil, and is normally reflected by the same [[morpheme]]s which mark tense categories. Tamil verbs also mark [[evidentiality]], through the addition of the hearsay [[clitic]] ''{{IAST|ām}}.''&lt;ref name=&quot;steeverevidentiality&quot;&gt;{{Citation |first=Sanford B. |last=Steever | editor-last=Güldemann | editor-first=Tom | editor2-last=von Roncador | editor2-first=Manfred | contribution=Direct and indirect discourse in Tamil |title=Reported Discourse: A Meeting Ground for Different Linguistic Domains |year=2002 |page=105 | place=Amsterdam |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |isbn=978-90-272-2958-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Verb inflection is shown below using example ''aḻintukkoṇṭiruntēṉ''; (அழிந்துக்கொண்டிருந்தேன்); &quot;(I) was being destroyed&quot;.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''அழி''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''ந்து''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''கொண்டு''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''இரு''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''ந்த்''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''ஏன்''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''aḻi''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''ntu''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''koṇṭu''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''iru''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''nt''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|''ēn''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''root'''&lt;br /&gt;destroy<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''transitivity marker'''&lt;br /&gt;intransitive<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''aspect marker'''&lt;br /&gt;continuous<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''aspect marker'''&lt;br /&gt;continuous<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''tense marker'''&lt;br /&gt;past tense<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|'''person marker'''&lt;br /&gt;first person,&lt;br /&gt;singular<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Traditional grammars of Tamil do not distinguish between [[adjective]]s and [[adverb]]s, including both of them under the category ''uriccol'', although modern grammarians tend to distinguish between them on morphological and syntactical grounds.&lt;ref name=&quot;lehmann1989&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Lehmann |first=Thomas |title=A Grammar of Modern Tamil |year=1989 |publisher=Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture |location=Pondicherry|pages= 9–11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil has many [[ideophone]]s that act as adverbs indicating the way the object in a given state &quot;says&quot; or &quot;sounds&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Swiderski |first = Richard M. |title=The metamorphosis of English: versions of other languages |publisher=Bergin &amp; Garvey |location=New York |year=1996 |page=61 |isbn=978-0-89789-468-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tamil does not have [[article (grammar)|articles]]. Definiteness and indefiniteness are either indicated by special grammatical devices, such as using the number &quot;one&quot; as an indefinite article, or by the context.&lt;ref name=&quot;steeversummary&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Annamalai|Steever|1998|p=109}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first person plural, Tamil makes a distinction between [[Clusivity|inclusive]] pronouns {{lang|ta|நாம்}} ''{{IAST|nām}}'' (we), {{lang|ta|நம்}} ''{{IAST|nam}}'' (our) that include the addressee, and exclusive pronouns {{lang|ta|நாங்கள்}} ''{{IAST|nāṅkaḷ}}'' (we), {{lang|ta|எங்கள்}} ''{{IAST|eṅkaḷ}}'' (our) that do not.&lt;ref name=&quot;steeversummary&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Syntax ===<br /> Tamil is a consistently [[head-final]] language. The verb comes at the end of the clause, with a typical word order of [[subject–object–verb]] (SOV).&lt;ref name=&quot;SOV_language&quot;&gt;{{Citation|url=http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/lx001/Discussion/d02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030919235821/http://www.linguistics.ucla.edu/people/schuh/lx001/Discussion/d02.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2003 |title=Tamil is a head-final language |access-date=1 June 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_tml |title=WALS – Tamil |publisher=Wals.info |access-date=13 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, word order in Tamil is also flexible, so that surface permutations of the SOV order are possible with different [[pragmatics|pragmatic]] effects. Tamil has [[postposition]]s rather than [[prepositions]]. Demonstratives and modifiers precede the noun within the noun phrase. Subordinate clauses precede the verb of the matrix clause.<br /> <br /> Tamil is a [[null-subject language]]. Not all Tamil sentences have subjects, verbs, and objects. It is possible to construct grammatically valid and meaningful sentences which lack one or more of the three. For example, a sentence may only have a verb—such as ''{{IAST|muṭintuviṭṭatu}}'' (&quot;completed&quot;)—or only a subject and object, without a verb such as ''{{IAST|atu eṉ vīṭu}}'' (&quot;That [is] my house&quot;). Tamil does not have a [[copula (linguistics)|copula]] (a linking verb equivalent to the word ''is''). The word is included in the translations only to convey the meaning more easily.<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> &lt;!---<br /> NOTE:<br /> Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)<br /> ---&gt;<br /> The vocabulary of Tamil is mainly Dravidian. A strong sense of [[linguistic purism]] is found in Modern Tamil,&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.1017/S0010417500018673| title = En/gendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity| journal = Comparative Studies in Society and History| volume = 35| issue = 4| page = 683| year = 2009| last1 = Ramaswamy | first1 = S. | s2cid = 145729544}}&lt;/ref&gt; which opposes the use of foreign loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Krishnamurti|2003|p=480}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Nonetheless, a number of words used in classical and modern Tamil are loanwords from the languages of neighbouring groups, or with whom the Tamils had trading links, including [[Malay language|Malay]] (e.g. {{IAST|cavvarici}} &quot;sago&quot; from Malay {{IAST|sāgu}}), Chinese (for example, {{IAST|campān}} &quot;skiff&quot; from Chinese san-pan) and Greek (for example, {{IAST|ora}} from Greek ὥρα). In more modern times, Tamil has imported words from [[Urdu]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]], reflecting groups that have influenced the Tamil area at times, and from neighbouring languages such as [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], and Sinhala. During the modern period, words have also been adapted from European languages, such as Portuguese, French, and English.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Meenakshisundaran|1965|pp=169–193}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The strongest effect of purism in Tamil has been on words taken from Sanskrit. During its history, Tamil, along with other Dravidian languages like [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]] etc., was influenced by [[Sanskrit]] in terms of vocabulary, grammar and literary styles,&lt;ref name=&quot;influence&quot;&gt;&quot;Literature in all Dravidian languages owes a great deal to Sanskrit, the magic wand whose touch raised each of the languages from a level of patois to that of a literary idiom&quot; (Sastri 1955, p. 309); Trautmann, Thomas R. (2006). ''Languages and nations: the Dravidian proof in colonial Madras''. Berkeley: University of California Press. &quot;The author endeavours to demonstrate that the entire Sangam poetic corpus follows the &quot;Kavya&quot; form of Sanskrit poetry&quot; – {{Harvnb|Tieken|2001|p=18}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation | doi = 10.2307/597587| jstor = 597587| title = Indo-Aryan Loan Words in the Cīvakacintāmaṇi| journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society| volume = 87| issue = 4| pages = 430–434| year = 1967| last1 = Vaidyanathan | first1 = S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;caldwell&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Caldwell|1974|pp=87–88}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;takahashi&quot;&gt;Takahashi, Takanobu. (1995). ''Tamil love poetry and poetics''. Brill's Indological Library, v. 9. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 16, 18. {{ISBN|90-04-10042-3}}.&lt;/ref&gt; reflecting the increased trend of [[Sanskritisation]] in the Tamil country.&lt;ref&gt;Pollock, Sheldon (1996). &quot;The Sanskrit Cosmopolis 300–1300: Transculturation, vernacularisation and the question of ideology&quot; in Jan E. M. Houben (ed.), ''The ideology and status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language''. E. J. Brill, Leiden. pp. 209–217. {{ISBN|90-04-10613-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Tamil vocabulary never became quite as heavily Sanskritised as that of the other Dravidian languages, and unlike in those languages, it was and remains possible to express complex ideas (including in science, art, religion and law) without the use of Sanskrit loan words.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Trautmann|first=Thomas R.|title=Hullabaloo About Telugu|journal=South Asia Research| volume=19| issue=1 |year=1999 | pages=53–70|doi=10.1177/026272809901900104|s2cid=144334963}} at p. 64&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Caldwell|1974|p=50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, F. W. (1820), &quot;Note to the introduction&quot; in Campbell, A.D., ''A grammar of the Teloogoo language.'' Madras: College Press, pp. 29–30.&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, Sanskritisation was actively resisted by a number of authors of the late medieval period,&lt;ref&gt;''See'' Ramaswamy's analysis of one such text, the ''{{transliteration|ta|ISO|Tamiḻ viṭututu}}'', in {{Citation | doi = 10.2307/2659024| jstor = 2659024| title = Language of the People in the World of Gods: Ideologies of Tamil before the Nation| journal = The Journal of Asian Studies| volume = 57| issue = 1| pages = 66–92| year = 1998| last1 = Ramaswamy | first1 = S. | s2cid = 162469583}}&lt;/ref&gt; culminating in the 20th century in a movement called ''[[Tanittamil Iyakkam|{{IAST|taṉit tamiḻ iyakkam}}]]'' (meaning &quot;pure Tamil movement&quot;), led by [[Parithimaar Kalaignar]] and [[Maraimalai Adigal]], which sought to remove the accumulated influence of Sanskrit on Tamil.&lt;ref&gt;Varadarajan, M. ''A History of Tamil Literature'', transl. from Tamil by E. Sa. Viswanathan, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1988. p. 12: &quot;Since then the movement has been popularly known as the ''tanittamil iyakkam'' or the Pure Tamil movement among the Tamil scholars.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of this, Tamil in formal documents, literature and public speeches has seen a marked decline in the use Sanskrit loan words in the past few decades,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Ramaswamy|1997|loc = &quot;[http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft5199n9v7&amp;chunk.id=ch4 Laboring for language]&quot;}}: &quot;Nevertheless, even impressionistically speaking, the marked decline in the use of foreign words, especially of Sanskritic origin, in Tamil literary, scholarly, and even bureaucratic circles over the past half century is quite striking.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; under some estimates having fallen from 40 to 50% to about 20%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Krishnamurti 2003 p=480&quot;/&gt; As a result, the Prakrit and Sanskrit loan words used in modern Tamil are, unlike in some other Dravidian languages, restricted mainly to some spiritual terminology and [[abstract noun]]s.&lt;ref&gt;Meenakshisundaram, T. P. (1982) ''A History of Tamil Language'', Sarvodaya Ilakkiya Pannai. (translated) pp. 241–2&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 20th century, institutions and learned bodies have, with government support, generated technical dictionaries for Tamil containing [[neologism]]s and words derived from Tamil roots to replace loan words from English and other languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;thaniththamizh&quot; /&gt; {{as of|2019|post=,}} the language had a listed vocabulary of over 470,000 unique words, including those from old literary sources. In November 2019, the state government issued an order to add 9,000 new words to the vocabulary.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> | title = By govt. order: 9,000 words to enter Tamil vocabulary <br /> | newspaper = The Hindu<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | pages = 2<br /> | publisher = Kasturi &amp; Sons<br /> | date = 9 November 2019<br /> | url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tamil-to-get-9000-new-words/article29919044.ece<br /> | access-date = 29 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Influence ==<br /> {{Main|Tamil loanwords in other languages}}<br /> <br /> Words of Tamil origin occur in other languages. For example, scholars trace the origin of the word 'rice' in English and other European languages to Tamil ''arici'' / அரிசி, through loans from 400 BCE Tamil to Hebrew and ultimately to Greek ''óruza'' / όρυζα.&lt;ref name=Rabin436&gt; Rabin, C. ''Proceedings of the Second International Conference Seminar of Tamil Studies'', p. 436&lt;/ref&gt; Another notable example of a word in worldwide use with Dravidian (not specifically Tamil) etymology is ''[[:wikt:orange|orange]]'', via Sanskrit {{IAST|nāraṅga}} from a Dravidian predecessor of Tamil {{transliteration|ta|ISO|nārttaṅkāy}} 'fragrant fruit'. One suggestion as to the origin of the word ''anaconda'' is the Tamil {{transliteration|ta|ISO|anaikkonda}} 'having killed an elephant'.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.etymonline.com/word/anaconda &quot;Origin and Meaning of Anaconda&quot;]. ''Online Etymology Dictionary''.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Words of Tamil origin|Examples in English]] include ''cheroot'' ({{transliteration|ta|ISO|curuṭṭu}} meaning 'rolled up'),&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Citation| url = http://dictionary.oed.com| title = Oxford English Dictionary Online| access-date =14 April 2007| work = Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''mango'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|māṅgāy}}),&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;/&gt; ''mulligatawny'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|miḷaku taṇṇīr}} 'pepper water'), ''pariah'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|paṟaiyar}}), ''curry'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|kaṟi}}),&lt;ref name=&quot;oed-curry&quot;&gt;&quot;curry, n.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;, ''The Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 14 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt; ''catamaran'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|kaṭṭu maram}} 'bundled logs'),&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;/&gt; and ''congee'' (from {{transliteration|ta|ISO|kañji}} 'rice porridge' or 'gruel').&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|title=congee|url=http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/mwc/12703/congee|website=academic.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Sample text ==<br /> The following is a sample text in literary Tamil of Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]. The first line is the [[Tamil script]]; the second is romanized Tamil; the third is the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]; the fourth is the gloss.<br /> <br /> {{fs interlinear|lang=ta|indent=2|italics3=yes<br /> |'''உறுப்புரை''' '''1:''' மனிதப் பிறவியினர் சகலரும் சுதந்திரமாகவே பிறக்கின்றனர்; அவர்கள் மதிப்பிலும், உரிமைகளிலும் சமமானவர்கள், அவர்கள் நியாயத்தையும் மனசாட்சியையும் இயற்பண்பாகப் பெற்றவர்கள். அவர்கள் ஒருவருடனொருவர் சகோதர உணர்வுப் பாங்கில் நடந்துகொள்ளல் வேண்டும்.<br /> |'''Uṟuppurai''' '''1:''' Maṉitap piṟaviyiṉar cakalarum cutantiramākavē piṟakkiṉṟaṉar; avarkaḷ matippilum, urimaikaḷilum camamāṉavarkaḷ, avarkaḷ niyāyattaiyum maṉaccāṭciyaiyum iyaṟpaṇpākap peṟṟavarkaḷ. Avarkaḷ oruvaruṭaṉoruvar cakōtara uṇarvup pāṅkil naṭantukoḷḷal vēṇṭum.<br /> |'''urupːurai''' '''ond̺rʉ''' mənid̪ə piriʋijinər səgələrum sud̪ən̪d̪irəmaːgəʋeː pirəkːin̺d̺ranər əvərgəɭ məd̪ipːilum uriməigəɭilum səməmaːnəʋərgəɭ əvərgəɭ nijaːjatːəijum mənətt͡ʃaːʈt͡ʃijəijum ijərpəɳbaːgə pet̺rəʋərgəɭ əvərgəɭ oruʋəruɖənoruʋər sagoːdəɾə uɳərʋɨ paːŋgil nəɖən̪d̪ʉkoɭɭəl veːɳɖum<br /> |'''Section''' '''1:''' Human beings all-of-them freely {are born}. They rights-in-and dignities-in-and equal-ones. They law-and conscience-and intrinsically possessed-ones. They among-one-another brotherly feeling spirit-in act must.<br /> |'''Article 1:''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They possess conscience and reason. Therefore, everyone should act in a spirit of brotherhood towards each other.}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of countries where Tamil is an official language]]<br /> * [[List of languages by first written accounts]]<br /> * [[Tamil keyboard]]<br /> * [[Tamil population by cities]]<br /> * [[Tamil population by nation]]<br /> * [[Tamil Loanwords in other languages]]<br /> * [[Tamil Shorthand]]<br /> * [[Geolinguistics]]<br /> * [[Language geography]]<br /> <br /> == Footnotes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Andronov |first=M.S. |title=Dravidian Languages |publisher=Nauka Publishing House |year=1970}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1=Annamalai | first1=E. | last2=Steever | first2=S.B. | contribution=Modern Tamil | editor-last=Steever | editor-first=Sanford | title=The Dravidian Languages | publisher=Routledge | year=1998 | place=London | isbn=978-0-415-10023-6 | pages=100–128}}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Caldwell|first= Robert|year= 1974|orig-date=1856|isbn=8170690382|title=[[A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages]]|place= New Delhi|publisher= Oriental Books Reprint Corp.}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Hart | first=George L. | title=The poems of ancient Tamil : their milieu and their Sanskrit counterparts | publisher=University of California Press | place=Berkeley | year=1975 | isbn=978-0-520-02672-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/poemsofancientta00hart }}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Krishnamurti |first=Bhadriraju |title=The Dravidian Languages |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | series = Cambridge Language Surveys |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-77111-5 }}<br /> * {{Citation | last1=Kesavapany | first1=K. | last2=Mani | first2=A | last3=Ramasamy | first3=Palanisamy | title=Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia | year=2008 | place=Singapore | publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies | isbn=978-981-230-799-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | doi = 10.1007/BF00162818| title = Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)| journal = Indo-Iranian Journal| volume = 2| issue = 3| pages = 191–224| year = 1958| last1 = Kuiper | first1 = F. B. J.| doi-broken-date = 12 July 2025| s2cid = 161402102}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Lehmann | first=Thomas | contribution=Old Tamil | editor-last=Steever | editor-first=Sanford | title=The Dravidian Languages | publisher=Routledge | year=1998 | place=London | isbn=978-0-415-10023-6 | pages=75–99}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Mahadevan | first=Iravatham | author-link=Iravatham Mahadevan | title=Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D | series=[[Harvard Oriental Series]] vol. 62 | year=2003 | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | publisher=Harvard University Press | isbn=978-0-674-01227-1}}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Meenakshisundaran |first=T.P. |title=A History of Tamil Language |publisher=Deccan College | place=Poona |oclc=246076230|year=1965}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1=Murthy | first1=Srinivasa| last2=Rao | first2=Surendra |last3=Veluthat |first3=Kesavan |last4=Bari |first4=S.A. | year=1990 | title=Essays on Indian History and culture: Felicitation volume in Honour of Professor B. Sheik Ali | publisher=Mittal | place=New Delhi | isbn=978-81-7099-211-0}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Ramstedt | first=Martin | year=2004 | title=Hinduism in modern Indonesia | publisher=Routledge | place=London | isbn=978-0-7007-1533-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Rajam | first=VS | title=A Reference Grammar of Classical Tamil Poetry | year=1992 | place=Philadelphia | publisher=The American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-199-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | last = Ramaswamy | first = Sumathy | title = Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970 | url = http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5199n9v7/ | year = 1997 | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | chapter = Laboring for language | chapter-url = http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=ft5199n9v7&amp;chunk.id=ch4 | isbn = 978-0-585-10600-7}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1=Shapiro | first1=Michael C. | last2=Schiffman | first2=Harold F. | title=Language and society in South Asia | publisher=Foris | year=1983 | place=Dordrecht | isbn=978-90-70176-55-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Schiffman | first=Harold F. | title=A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1999 | place=Cambridge | isbn=978-0-521-64074-9 | url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/book.html }}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Southworth | first=Franklin C. | title=On the Origin of the word tamiz | year=1998 | journal=[[International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics]] | volume=27 | issue=1 | pages=129–132}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Southworth | first=Franklin C. | title=Linguistic archaeology of South Asia | publisher=Routledge | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-415-33323-8}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Steever | first=Sanford | contribution=Introduction | editor-last=Steever | editor-first=Sanford | title=The Dravidian Languages | publisher=Routledge | year=1998 | place=London | isbn=978-0-415-10023-6 | pages=1–39}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Steever | first=Sanford | title=The Tamil auxiliary verb system | publisher=Routledge | place=London | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-415-34672-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | editor1-last=Tharu | editor1-first=Susie | editor2-last=Lalita | editor2-first=K. | title=Women Writing in India: 600 B.C. to the present – Vol. 1: 600 B.C. to the early twentieth century | publisher=Feminist Press | year=1991 | isbn=978-1-55861-027-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/womenwritinginin00thar }}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Talbot | first=Cynthia | title= Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra | place=New York | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-19-513661-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Tieken | first=Herman | title=Kavya in South India: Old Tamil Cankam Poetry | series=Gonda Indological Studies, Volume X | place=Groningen | publisher=Egbert Forsten Publishing | year=2001 | isbn=978-90-6980-134-6}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Varadarajan | first=Mu. | title=A History of Tamil Literature | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | place=New Delhi | year=1988|translator=E.Sa. Viswanathan|oclc=20170197}}<br /> * {{Citation | last=Zvelebil | first=Kamil | title=Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature | publisher=Brill | place=Leiden | year=1992 | isbn=978-90-04-09365-2 }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * [[Johann Philipp Fabricius|Fabricius, Johann Philip]] (1933 and 1972), [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/fabricius/ ''Tamil and English Dictionary'']. based on J.P. Fabricius ''Malabar-English Dictionary'', 3rd and 4th Edition Revised and Enlarged by David Bexell. Evangelical Lutheran Mission Publishing House, Tranquebar; called Tranquebar Dictionary.<br /> * {{Citation |last=Freeman |first=Rich |date=February 1998 |title=Rubies and Coral: The Lapidary Crafting of Language in Kerala |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=38–65 |doi=10.2307/2659023 |jstor=2659023 |s2cid=162294036 |doi-access=free }}<br /> * {{Citation |last=Keane |first=Elinor |year=2004 |title=Tamil |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=111–116 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001549|doi-access=free }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{InterWiki|code=ta}}<br /> * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tamil-language Tamil language] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''<br /> * [https://tamilnation.org/literature/index.htm Tamil language and literature]<br /> * {{Wiktionary-inline|Category:Tamil language|Tamil language}}<br /> * {{Wikibooks inline|links=Tamil language}}<br /> * {{Wikivoyage inline|Tamil|Tamil language}}<br /> <br /> {{navboxes|<br /> |list =<br /> {{Tamil language}}<br /> {{Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{Dravidian languages}}<br /> {{Languages of India}}<br /> {{Languages of Singapore}}<br /> {{Languages of South Africa}}<br /> {{Languages of Sri Lanka}}<br /> {{Languages of Bahrain}}<br /> {{Languages spoken in Kerala}}<br /> {{Languages of Malaysia}}<br /> {{Languages of Mauritius}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Portal bar|Tamils|India}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Language}}<br /> [[Category:Tamil language| ]]<br /> [[Category:Agglutinative languages]]<br /> [[Category:Classical Language in India]]<br /> [[Category:Dravidian languages]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Malaysia]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Mauritius]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Puducherry]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of South Africa]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:Official languages of India]]<br /> [[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]<br /> [[Category:Languages attested from the 1st millennium BC]]<br /> [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Chennai&diff=537304 2026-03-23T14:32:37Z

<p>AarohamResort: Created New Page - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox church<br /> | denomination = [[Presbyterian]]<br /> | name = St. Andrew's Church (The Kirk)<br /> | fullname = <br /> | image = St Andrews Church - The Kirk.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = The Kirk<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13|4|47.28|N|80|15|49.32|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | location = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | churchmanship = <br /> | membership = <br /> | attendance = <br /> | website = [http://www.thekirk.in/ www.thekirk.in]<br /> | former name = <br /> | bull date = <br /> | founded date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | dedication = <br /> | dedicated date = <br /> | consecrated date = <br /> | cult = <br /> | relics = <br /> | events = <br /> | past bishop = <br /> | people = <br /> | status = <br /> | functional status = Active<br /> | heritage designation = <br /> | designated date = <br /> | architect = <br /> | architectural type = <br /> | style = [[Palladian architecture]]<br /> | groundbreaking = <br /> | completed date = {{start date and age|1821}}<br /> | construction cost = <br /> | closed date = <br /> | demolished date = <br /> | capacity = <br /> | length = <br /> | width = <br /> | width nave = <br /> | height = <br /> | diameter = <br /> | other dimensions = <br /> | floor count = <br /> | floor area = <br /> | spire quantity = <br /> | spire height = <br /> | materials = <br /> | parish = <br /> | deanery = <br /> | archdeaconry = <br /> | diocese = <br /> | province = <br /> | presbytery = <br /> | synod = <br /> | circuit = <br /> | district = <br /> | division = <br /> | subdivision = <br /> | archbishop = <br /> | bishop = <br /> | abbot = <br /> | vicar = <br /> | provost-rector = <br /> | provost = <br /> | viceprovost = <br /> | rector = <br /> | dean = <br /> | subdean = <br /> | precentor = <br /> | canon = <br /> | canonpastor = <br /> | prebendary = <br /> | priest = <br /> | asstpriest = <br /> | honpriest = <br /> | curate = <br /> | minister = <br /> | assistant = <br /> | chaplain = <br /> | archdeacon = <br /> | deacon = <br /> | reader = <br /> | organistdom = <br /> | director = <br /> | organist = <br /> | organscholar = <br /> | chapterclerk = <br /> | laychapter = <br /> | warden = <br /> | flowerguild = <br /> | musicgroup = <br /> | parishadmin = <br /> | serversguild = <br /> | logo = <br /> | logosize = <br /> | landscape = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''St. Andrew's Church''' ({{langx|ta|புனித அந்திரேயா கோவில்}}) in [[Egmore]], [[Chennai]], [[India]] was built to serve the Scottish community in Chennai. Building started 6 April 1818 and the church was consecrated in 1821.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaprofile.com/monuments-temples/andrewkirk.htm|title=St. Andrew's Kirk, Egmore, Chennai}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the oldest churches in Madras. Its design was modelled on [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]] and along with [[St. George's Church, Dublin]], it is considered one of the finest stylistic &quot;daughter&quot; churches to the famous [[Trafalgar Square]] structure.<br /> <br /> ==Architecture==<br /> The church shows prominent features of [[Neoclassical architecture]], it is inspired by [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]] in London. It was designed and executed by Major Thomas de Havilland and Colonel James Caldwell of the Madras Engineers. The body of the church is a circle, with rectangular compartments to the east and west. The circular part 24.5 m in diameter, is crowned by a shallow masonry dome colored a deep blue. This is painted with golden stars and supported by 16 fluted pillars with Corinthian capitals.&lt;ref name=&quot;penguin&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Illustrated Guide to India | publisher = Penguin Books India and Reader's Digest | location = Delhi | isbn = 9-6225-8343-1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Dome===<br /> An architectural marvel, the dome has a framework of brick supported by an annular arch and is filled in by pottery cones. Its blue interior is formed by crushed sea shells mixed with [[lapis lazuli]].<br /> <br /> ===Stained Glass===<br /> The stained-glass windows above the main altar, in warm, rich colors, are among the glories of the church. {{citation needed|date=March 2015}}<br /> <br /> ===Pipe organ===<br /> Dominating the altar is the pipe organ in dull green and burnished gold. Built in New Yorkshire, England, this instrument was installed in 1883.<br /> <br /> ==Tradition==<br /> St. Andrew's Church (The Kirk) is of the [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Presbyterian]] tradition and continues to belong to it. Its form of worship and system of governance continue to be truly [[Presbyterian]]. However, it is free to follow and does include other orders of service used by any other Church with which it is doctrinally like-minded.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thekirk.in|title=St. Andrew's Kirk, Egmore, Chennai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:St.Andrew church, kirk, chennai.jpg|A view from the top<br /> File:St. Andrew's Church 1905.jpeg|St. Andrew's Church, c. 1905<br /> File:St. Andrew's Church, Madras (MacLeod, p.120, 1871) - Copy.jpg|St. Andrew's Church, Madras (MacLeod, p.&amp;nbsp;120, 1871)<br /> File:Interiors of St. Andrew's Church, Madras (MacLeod, p.120, 1871) - Copy.jpg|Interiors of St. Andrew's Church, Madras (MacLeod, p.&amp;nbsp;120, 1871)&lt;ref name=MacLeod&gt;{{cite book|last1=MacLeod|first1=Norman|title=Peeps at the Far East: A Familiar Account of a Visit to India|date=1871|publisher=Strahan &amp; Co.|location=London|url=http://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QadleVqcjfjXdbL76hLpHAlKGquS182cWZd25oDvHR0IWujwaV1l7F_v1EzHArXZcnWj3BCM-XsUlMsYj7__NZpsDu5ZTBjIEa-Je4nUviK_cS0zTCcmeWuZVce-2hlBmT0VXBzakDA55LhS7Ks7poEMlLrKnXJcMpjQup_ghtwNoJh69hUdujOZGqcU2xTzda2aMzjOgJdRtY_0_PdT9-GwCL2TmJUKyQ8Txmh1vXVRqmh8Za66nRaLrcfn3r-fz3ojiUlW_9Jn7R8VCgYAeiOWENYfQYyhGtgO9GCRXWMIQNfZiPo|access-date=2 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Portal|India|Christianity}}<br /> {{commons category-inline}}<br /> * [http://www.thekirk.in/ The official site of the church]<br /> * [https://www.madrasi.info/kirk.html St. Andrew's Church] on Madrasi.info<br /> <br /> {{Chennai Topics}}<br /> {{Places of worship in Chennai}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Andrews Church, Chennai}}<br /> [[Category:Churches in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Presbyterian churches in India]]<br /> [[Category:Palladian Revival architecture in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Churches completed in 1821]]<br /> [[Category:Heritage sites in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Church buildings with domes]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century churches in India]]<br /> [[Category:19th-century Presbyterian churches]]<br /> [[Category:Neoclassical church buildings in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Chennai-geo-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahankali_(film)&diff=514761 2026-03-23T10:36:05Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = <br /> | image = Mahankali (film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Official poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = [[Jeevitha|Jeevitha Rajasekhar]]<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = Yeluru Surendra Reddy&lt;br /&gt; Parandhama Reddy<br /> | starring = [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editing = <br /> | music = Chinna<br /> | studio = &lt;!-- or: | production_companies = --&gt;<br /> | distributor = &lt;!-- or: | distributors = --&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|3|8}} <br /> | runtime = 129 minutes <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Mahankali''''' is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language [[action drama]] film directed by [[Jeevitha|Jeevitha Rajasekhar]] starring her husband [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] in the title role.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/jeevitha-rajsekhar-interview/articleshow/19038190.cms|title=Jeevitha Rajsekhar interview|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-09-13|archive-date=2022-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913054133/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/jeevitha-rajsekhar-interview/articleshow/19038190.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajasekhar-is-back-in-a-cop-drama/articleshow/10442101.cms|title=Rajasekhar is back in a cop drama|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-09-13|archive-date=2022-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913052629/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rajasekhar-is-back-in-a-cop-drama/articleshow/10442101.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-mahankali.html|title=Mahankali Movie Launch|date=18 October 2010|language=te|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film was released on 8 March 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/mahankali-8march.html|title=Jeevitha directed Rajasekhar film Mahankali release on 8 March|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was dubbed into Tamil as ''Ithu Thaanda Police 2''.&lt;ref name=ni&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2011/jun/06/idhuthanda-police-2-ready-260153.html|title='Idhuthanda Police 2' ready|date=6 June 2011|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahankali Casting {{!}} Mahankali Cast And Crew {{!}} Mahankali Cast, Actor, Actress, Director |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/mahankali/cast-crew.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=FilmiBeat |archive-date=2022-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913155633/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/mahankali/cast-crew.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt; The film is based on ''[[Risk (2007 film)|Risk]]'' (2007) by [[Vishram Sawant]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/EmbedArticle/16679/Mahankali-Telugu-Movie-Review-Rating/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] as Mahankali<br /> *[[Nyra Banerjee|Madhurima]] as Tanisha<br /> *[[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]] as Harshad Bhai<br /> *[[Prabhakar (actor)|Kalakeya Prabhakar]] as Nayak Bhai<br /> *[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Anand Rao (Police Commissioner)<br /> *[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Jayalakshmi alias Jayakka (Politician), Harshad's Proxy <br /> *[[Supreeth Reddy]] as Reddy<br /> *[[Vinod Kumar Alva]] as DCP<br /> *[[Salim Baig|Salim Panda]] as Salim<br /> *[[Chatrapathi Sekhar]] as Ramakrishna alias RK<br /> *[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Laddu<br /> *[[Narsing Yadav]] as Raheem<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> While shooting a chase sequence, Rajasekhar was severely injured and the film's shoot was halted.&lt;ref name=ni/&gt; The delay of the film shoot by the director reportedly increased the cost of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/case-booked-against-rajasekhar-jeevitha/article3895943.ece|title=Case booked against Rajasekhar, Jeevitha|date=14 September 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913155635/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/case-booked-against-rajasekhar-jeevitha/article3895943.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Home Minister [[Sabitha Indra Reddy]] attended the film's trailer launch as the chief guest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/sabita-indra-reddy-at-the-trailer-launch-of-mahankali-in-hyderabad/articleshow/18643620.cms|title=Sabita Indra Reddy at the trailer launch of 'Mahankali' in Hyderabad|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-09-13|archive-date=2022-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913155633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/sabita-indra-reddy-at-the-trailer-launch-of-mahankali-in-hyderabad/articleshow/18643620.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/trailer-mahankali.html|title=Rajasekhar Mahankali trailer launch|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by Chinna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-mahankali.html|title=Mahankali music launch|date=22 October 2011|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://gaana.com/album/mahankali&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *&quot;Oo La La&quot; - [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> *&quot;Premounno&quot; - [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sunitha (Telugu singer)|Sunitha]]<br /> *&quot;Maguvala Marman&quot; - [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br /> *&quot;Kichaka Vaadaa&quot; - [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Bhavatharini]]<br /> *&quot;Trigger Nokadam&quot; - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> The film was initially scheduled for release in February 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/pressmeet-mahankali.html|title=Mahankali in february|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=2 February 2013|language=te}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Sushil Rao of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and said that &quot;Killing. Killing. And killing. That is the only thing that happens all through the movie&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mahankali/movie-review/18866967.cms|title=Mahankali Movie Review|date=8 March 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|last=Rao|first=Sushil|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913054132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mahankali/movie-review/18866967.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Mallemala Entertainments|123 Telugu]]'' said that &quot;''Mahankaali'' is a routine and boring cop saga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/review-mahankaali-routine-and-boring-cop-saga.html|title=Review : Mahankaali – Routine and boring cop saga|date=8 March 2013|work=[[Mallemala Entertainments|123 Telugu]]|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=13 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913155634/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/review-mahankaali-routine-and-boring-cop-saga.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bojja Kumar of ''[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]'' said that the film is only for Rajasekhar fans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.filmibeat.com/reviews/mahankali-movie-review-113433.html|title='మహంకాళి' మూవీ రివ్యూ|language=te|last=Kumar|first=Bojja|work=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]|date=26 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|3402730}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]<br /> <br /> {{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canara_College&diff=453774 2026-03-21T19:30:40Z

<p>AarohamResort: improved article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|College in Mangalore, Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{distinguish|Canara Engineering College}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}<br /> {{Primary source|date=August 2012}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Canara College<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image = Canara College Workshop 15.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | latin_name = <br /> | other_name = &lt;!--or, other_names--&gt;<br /> | former_name = &lt;!--or, former_names--&gt;<br /> | motto = <br /> | motto_lang = <br /> | mottoeng = <br /> | top_free_label = <br /> | top_free = <br /> | type = College<br /> | established = {{start date|1973}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.canaracollege.com/about/about-canara/ |title=About Canara &amp;#124; Canara College, Mangaluru }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> | closed = &lt;!-- {{end date|YYYY}} --&gt;<br /> | founder = C.H.S. Association<br /> | parent = <br /> | affiliation = Mangalore University<br /> | religious_affiliation = <br /> | academic_affiliation = <br /> | endowment = <br /> | budget = <br /> | officer_in_charge = <br /> | chairman = <br /> | chairperson = <br /> | chancellor = <br /> | president = <br /> | vice-president = <br /> | superintendent = <br /> | vice_chancellor = <br /> | provost = <br /> | rector = <br /> | principal = <br /> | director = <br /> | dean = <br /> | head_label = <br /> | head = <br /> | academic_staff = <br /> | administrative_staff = <br /> | students = <br /> | undergrad = <br /> | postgrad = <br /> | doctoral = <br /> | other = <br /> | address = &lt;!-- Please discuss before using --&gt;<br /> | city = <br /> | state = <br /> | province = <br /> | country = <br /> | postcode = &lt;!--or, postalcode or zipcode--&gt;<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|12|52|43.5|N|74|50|30.4|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=title, inline}}<br /> | campus = <br /> | language = <br /> | free_label = <br /> | free = <br /> | free_label2 = <br /> | free2 = <br /> | colors = &lt;!--or, colours= --&gt;<br /> | athletics = <br /> | sports = <br /> | athletics_nickname = &lt;!--or, sports_nickname= --&gt;<br /> | sporting_affiliations = <br /> | mascot = &lt;!--or, mascots= --&gt;<br /> | sports_free_label = <br /> | sports_free = <br /> | sports_free_label2 = <br /> | sports_free2 = <br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> | logo = <br /> | logo_size = <br /> | logo_alt = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Canara College''' was started in 1973 by the C.H.S. Association, which has managed educational institutions since 1891.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.canaracollege.com/about/the-history/ Canara College History].&lt;/ref&gt; It is affiliated with [[Mangalore University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://mangaloreuniversity.ac.in/xampp/affcol.html |title=Affiliated Colleges. Mangalore University. |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110014717/http://www.mangaloreuniversity.ac.in/xampp/affcol.html |archive-date=10 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The college provides three years degree courses in Arts, Science, Commerce and Computers to men and women. Over 27 years, they gained 86 ranks in the University Examination, including 10 first ranks.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}<br /> <br /> ==Objective==<br /> It is the college's goal to provide a sound education while also fostering good character traits, patriotism and modern sensibilities. Extracurricular activities to also prepare students includes: [[National Service Scheme]], Arts Association, Commerce Association, Science Association, Literary Association, Fine Arts Association, Amateur Speaker's Club, Games and Sports Association, Ladies Association, and blood donation.<br /> <br /> Every year the university hosts 4 inter-collegiate events:<br /> #Canfest: A National level Inter-Collegiate Commerce meet in which nearly 300 students from 20 colleges participate.<br /> #Scientica: Started in 2005, is a State level Inter-Collegiate Science and IT meet in which about 20 Colleges participate.<br /> #Maanaveeya: A university level Inter-Collegiate Arts Meet conducted for the colleges of mangalore university in which about 15 colleges take part every year.<br /> #Srujana: A University level NSS meet for the students of NSS from various colleges under mangalore university. About 15 Colleges take part each year.<br /> #Cancup: Inter-Collegiate Volleyball Tournament at the University Level in which 25 teams from 20 colleges participate.<br /> <br /> There are a number of scholarships for deserving students, [[Mid-day Meal Scheme]] and a number of endowment prizes for academic achievements. The Parents-Teachers Association and Alumni Association provide support for the college library and other improvement programs.<br /> <br /> ==Canara Pre-University College==<br /> Canara Pre-University College was founded in 1972. The institution provides education for both boys and girls. The institution is managed by [[Canara High School Association]]. The college aims to provide a solid education and foster strong character traits. <br /> <br /> The college offers scholarships to eligible students. <br /> <br /> Students are encouraged to participate in sports, games and other activities. <br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Ammembal Subba Rao Pai]] - founder of Canara High School<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.canaracollege.com/about/the-history/ Canara College History]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130404165600/http://canara.ac.in/ CHS Association]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Canara College}}<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Mangalore]]<br /> [[Category:Colleges of Mangalore University]]<br /> [[Category:1973 establishments in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1973]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=DAZN&diff=469306 2026-03-07T16:58:33Z

<p>AarohamResort: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British sports streaming platform}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox website<br /> | name = DAZN Group Limited<br /> | logo = [[File:DAZN Logo Master.svg|170px|class=skin-invert]]<br /> | logo_caption = <br /> | screenshot = DAZN Screenshot iPhone.png<br /> | caption = Screenshot of the app<br /> | type = [[Subsidiary]]<br /> | language = Chinese, English, French, Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish<br /> | collapsible = yes<br /> | location = [[Hammersmith]], London, England<br /> | area_served = 200+ countries and territories{{efn|Except Belarus, China, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Russia and Syria.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-DK/help/articles/payment-methods|title = DAZN &amp;#124; Help &amp;#124; How can I pay for DAZN?|publisher=[[DAZN Group]]|location=[[Copenhagen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | owner = [[Access Industries]]<br /> | industry = [[Internet television]], [[sports broadcasting]], [[sports journalism]]<br /> | CEO = [[Shay Segev]]<br /> | key_people = Darren Waterman (CFO)&lt;br&gt; Sandeep Tiku (CTO)<br /> | parent = <br /> | url = {{URL|https://www.dazn.com/}}<br /> | ipv6 = Yes<br /> | foundation = {{start date and age|2007|09|df=yes}} (as Perform Group)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|2015|07|08}} (as DAZN)<br /> | launch_date = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|08|10}}<br /> | subsid = DAZN Bet&lt;br&gt;Team Whistle&lt;br&gt;[[Foxtel]]<br /> | revenue = [[Pound sterling|£]]1,373.8 million (2022)<br /> | operating_income = −[[Pound sterling|£]]1,095.3 million (2022)<br /> | net_income = −[[Pound sterling|£]]1,121.2 million (2022)<br /> | num_employees = 2,600<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''DAZN''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|z|oʊ|n}}; pronounced &quot;da zone&quot;) is a [[Great Britain|British]] [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[Sports broadcasting|sports streaming]] and [[entertainment]] platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Streaming service DAZN in advanced talks to buy BT Sport |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8c0ffe51-3fee-4cd6-88ab-54401e62dada |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=www.ft.com|date=21 September 2021 |last1=Ahmed |first1=Murad |last2=Fildes |first2=Nic }}&lt;/ref&gt; Founded in 2007 known as Perform Group via the merger of Premium TV Limited and Inform Group, it is owned by [[Access Industries]], the investment group founded by [[Len Blavatnik|Sir Len Blavatnik]], and is [[Headquarters|headquartered]] in [[London|London, England]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McCaskill |first=Steve |date=3 August 2023 |title=DAZN integrates Fanatics ecommerce platform to drive in-app merch sales |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-integrates-fanatics-tech-ecommerce-platform-to-drive-in-app-merch-sales/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shay Segev]] is DAZN's [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] as of January 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The non-executive directors are Lincoln Benet, John Gleasure, Guillaume D’Hauteville, Andrew Cramer, and Danny Townsend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Team |url=https://dazngroup.com/team/ |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=DAZN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cramer's&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN Group Limited |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06324278/filing-history/MzQ2MTM3MTEwNWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Townsend's&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN Group Limited |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06324278/filing-history/MzQ2OTY4NzI4MGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; appointments followed DAZN's acquisition of Foxtel and Surj Sports $1 billion investment in DAZN respectively.<br /> <br /> The DAZN platform was founded in 2015, and states it broadcasts live and on-demand sport in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. DAZN holds key domestic broadcast rights in Italy, Spain, Germany, Japan, France, Portugal, Belgium, Taiwan, the United States, and Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://dazngroup.com/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=DAZN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is considered Europe's largest digital sports broadcaster, with over 75 programming rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=DAZN Group has created 300 jobs in Leeds as it becomes largest sports broadcaster in Europe |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/dazn-group-has-created-300-jobs-in-leeds-as-it-becomes-largest-sports-broadcaster-in-europe-3985947 |website=Yorkshire Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Times |first=The Sunday |date=15 December 2023 |title=Sir Leonard Blavatnik net worth — Sunday Times Rich List 2023 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/sir-leonard-blavatnik-net-worth-sunday-times-rich-list-xw7l0zxvc |access-date=15 December 2023 |issn=0140-0460}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 2022 |title=DAZN: Annual Review 2022 |url=https://dazngroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/final.-DAZN_Annual_Review_2022_Digital_V9_LoRes.pdf |website=DAZN Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ziegler |first=Martyn |date=15 December 2023 |title=DAZN set to bid for future Premier League TV rights |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/dazn-set-to-bid-for-premier-league-tv-rights-fxhhj3qh2 |access-date=15 December 2023 |issn=0140-0460}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2024, DAZN claimed to be approaching 20 million paid subscribers globally.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN Half Year Review |url=https://dazngroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DAZN_Half_Year_Review_2024_JP_15_SEPT-5.pdf |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=www.dazn.com|date=15 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Outside of streaming, DAZN has expanded into [[Sports betting|in-play betting]], [[Video game|gaming]], [[e-commerce]], [[merchandise]], and ticketing with being originally involved in content distribution, subscription, advertising and sponsorship, and technology and production and also owns a significant minority stake in the leading football portal [[Goal (website)|Goal]] after TPG's Integrated Media Company (IMC) acquired a majority stake in 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> === Formation and launch of the DAZN platform (2007–2018) ===<br /> Perform Group was created in 2007 through the merger of Premium TV Limited, an event sport broadcasting network, and the Inform Group, a digital sports rights agency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gigaom.com/2011/03/10/419-online-sports-broadcaster-perform-plans-70-million-ipo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016213127/https://gigaom.com/2011/03/10/419-online-sports-broadcaster-perform-plans-70-million-ipo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2019|title=Online Sportscaster Perform Plans IPO With £500 Million Valuation|last=Andrews|first=Robert|date=10 March 2011|website=gigaom.com|language=en-US|access-date=16 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportindustry.biz/news/digital-content-agency-rebrands-perform|title=Digital content agency rebrands as Perform|date=18 September 2014|website=www.sportindustry.biz|language=en|access-date=16 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.c21media.net/perform-unveils-sports-bulletin/|title=Perform unveils sports bulletin|website=C21media|language=en-us|access-date=16 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2011, Perform acquired [[Goal (website)|Goal.com]].&lt;ref name=&quot;premiumtv.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perform.premiumtv.co.uk/staticFiles/26/70/0,,13166~159782,00.pdf|title=Global offer|publisher=Perform Group|access-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509012152/http://www.perform.premiumtv.co.uk/staticFiles/26/70/0,,13166~159782,00.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011 and 2013 the company bought sports data companies RunningBall&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f024bed6-9f78-11e1-a255-00144feabdc0|title=Perform buys RunningBall for €120m|work=Financial Times|date=16 May 2012|access-date=26 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Opta Sports]] respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/perform-opta-idUSL5N0F90L520130703|title=Perform Group buys sports data company Opta|work=Reuters|date=3 July 2013|access-date=26 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013, Perform Group combined its U.S. businesses with ''[[The Sporting News]]'' to form Sporting News Media, in which it took a 65% stake. ''The Sporting News''' former owner [[American City Business Journals]] retained 35%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2013/03/28/Media/Sporting-News.aspx|title=Perform Group To Combine U.S. Sports Assets With Sporting News Brand|work=sportsbusinessdaily.com|date=28 March 2013 |access-date=26 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Perform Group was de-listed from the London Stock Exchange in November 2014 when [[Access Industries]] increased its stake in the company from 42.5% to 77%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sbcnews.co.uk/technology/2014/11/13/perform-group-to-de-list-as-access-industries-takes-over/|title=Perform Group to de-list as Access Industries takes over|author=Ted Menmuir|work=SBC News|date=13 November 2014|access-date=26 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2014, Perform and the [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] announced a 10-year media deal, under which they would jointly form WTA Media to manage and distribute its media rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sportindustry.biz/news/wta-perform-agree-long-term-media-deal|title=WTA &amp; Perform agree long-term media deal|work=sportindustry.biz|date=10 December 2014|access-date=26 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2016, Perform Group and the [[FIBA]] announced a partnership to distribute and sell broadcasting rights to its basketball competitions.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fiba_and_perform_group_confirm_ground_breaking_partnership Fiba and Perform Group confirm 'ground-breaking' partnership] - SportsPro, 5 February 2016&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2016, Perform Group announced its acquisition of exclusive worldwide media rights to Japanese [[J.League]] football under a 10-year, ¥210 billion (US$2 billion) contract, succeeding the league's ¥5 billion deal with [[SKY Perfect JSAT|SKY Perfect]]. Under the new contract, all matches from the three J.League divisions ([[J1 League|J1]], [[J2 League|J2]], and [[J3 League|J3]]) would be broadcast under its new DAZN brand from 2017. The league described the contract as the largest broadcast rights deal in the history of Japanese sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=J.League announces Perform partnership - SportsPro Media |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/j.league_announces_perform_partnership |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003051056/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/j.league_announces_perform_partnership |archive-date=3 October 2019 |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=www.sportspromedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2023, DAZN extended its deal with J.League to 2033.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Melissa |first=Kasule |date=31 March 2023 |title=DAZN Group and J.League inks new deal |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2023/03/31/dazn-group-and-j-league-inks-new-deal/#close-modal |website=Digital TV Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2016, Perform Group launched DAZN in [[Austria]], [[Germany]], [[Japan]] and [[Switzerland]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=23 August 2016 |title=Perform's DAZN sport network launches in Japan |newspaper=SBC News |url=https://sbcnews.co.uk/asia/2016/08/23/performs-dazn-sport-network-launches-japan/ |access-date=23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DAZN: Kosten und Programm des Sport-Streaming-Dienstes |url=http://www.giga.de/webapps/dazn/news/dazn-kosten-und-inhalte-des-sport-streaming-dienstes/ |access-date=10 August 2016 |publisher=SBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 August 2016 |title=Live sports streaming service DAZN expands into Japan |url=https://japantoday.com/category/tech/live-sports-streaming-service-dazn-expands-into-japan |access-date=24 August 2016 |work=[[Japan Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=10 August 2016 |title=Perform Group launches German OTT live sports portal DAZN |url=http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2016/08/10/perform-group-launches-german-ott-live-sports-portal-dazn/ |access-date=10 August 2016 |work=Broadband TV News}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was described by media at the time as being the &quot;[[Netflix]] for sport&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Christopher |date=20 August 2016 |title=Blavatnik's Perform Group rebuffs tech investors to build 'Netflix for sport' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/08/20/blavatniks-perform-group-rebuffs-tech-investors-to-build-netflix/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 June 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2017, DAZN announced that it would expand into Canada, after having acquired over-the-top streaming rights to the [[National Football League]] in Canada, including NFL Game Pass and access to [[NFL RedZone]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Self-professed 'Netflix of sports' app DAZN launches in Canada with all NFL games |publisher=CBC News |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/dazn-streaming-nfl-1.4214428 |access-date=21 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 July 2017 |title=DAZN, the Netflix of sports, launches in Canada with exclusive NFL streaming rights |work=Financial Post |url=http://business.financialpost.com/telecom/dazn-the-netflix-of-sports-launches-in-canada-with-exclusive-nfl-streaming-rights/wcm/db377e6d-185d-40ef-a727-e72041320f30 |access-date=21 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Streaming service DAZN buys Canadian NFL rights |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2017/07/20/streaming-service-dazn-buys-canadian-nfl-rights |access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2017, the company reached a deal to sublicense content from [[beIN Sports Canada]], including selected [[UEFA Champions League]] and [[UEFA Europa League]] matches, as well as other international sports rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-sub-licenses-bein-sports-rights-package-in-canada|title=DAZN sub-licenses BeIN Sports rights package in Canada|work=SportsPro|access-date=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 20 November 2017, DAZN acquired Canadian rights to [[FIBA|International Basketball Federation (FIBA)]] events.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-picks-up-fiba-rights-in-canada|title=DAZN picks up Fiba rights in Canada|work=SportsPro|access-date=21 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2018, DAZN sub-licensed Japanese rights to the [[B.League]], [[Nippon Professional Baseball]], [[La Liga]], and the [[Premier League]] from [[Softbank]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN steps up in Japan as Softbank closes OTT service |url=https://www.sportcal.com/News/FeaturedNews/116610 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003042552/https://www.sportcal.com/News/FeaturedNews/116610 |archive-date=3 October 2019 |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=Sportcal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2018, DAZN acquired Canadian broadcast rights to the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] and subsumed [[Major League Soccer]]'s digital out-of-market service MLS Live — with live and on-demand streaming of matches featuring U.S. teams.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2018/03/02/mls-partners-with-dazn-to-live-stream-us-matches-for-canadian-soccer-fans.html|title=MLS partners with DAZN to live stream U.S. matches for Canadian soccer fans|last=Armstrong|first=Laura|date=2 March 2018|work=Toronto Star|access-date=4 March 2018|issn=0319-0781}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-acquires-commonwealth-games-rights-in-canada|title=DAZN acquires Commonwealth Games rights in Canada|work=SportsPro|access-date=4 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Roku]] support was also added that month.&lt;ref name=&quot;mobilesyrup&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Behar |first=Rose |date=18 February 2018 | title= Sports streaming platform DAZN launches on Roku in Canada |url=https://mobilesyrup.com/2018/02/22/sports-streaming-platform-dazn-launches-on-roku-in-canada/ |work=MobileSyrup |access-date=14 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March, DAZN reached a syndication deal to carry content from [[Pac-12 Network]] on the service in Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://awfulannouncing.com/ncaa/demand-service-dazn-announces-partnerships-mls-pac-12-conference.html|title=On-demand service DAZN announces partnerships to air MLS games, Pac-12 Network in Canada|date=2 March 2018|website=Awful Announcing|access-date=16 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2018, DAZN announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to the UEFA Champions League and Europa League, beginning in the [[2018–19 UEFA Champions League|2018–19 season]] and replacing [[The Sports Network|TSN]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://theprovince.com/sports/soccer/international-soccer/dazn-scoops-up-canadian-uefa-champions-league-rights|title=DAZN scoops up Canadian UEFA Champions League rights|date=25 May 2018|work=The Province|access-date=26 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-dazn-gets-canadian-broadcast-rights-for-champions-league-soccer/|title=DAZN gets Canadian broadcast rights for Champions League soccer|work=The Globe and Mail|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=26 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In April 2019, DAZN announced that it had acquired Canadian rights to the [[Premier League]], replacing [[Sportsnet]] and TSN, under a three-year deal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theprovince.com/sports/soccer/international-soccer/tsn-and-sportsnet-losing-english-premier-league-canadian-broadcast-rights|title=TSN, Sportsnet losing English Premier League Canadian broadcast rights |date=8 December 2018|access-date=8 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-streaming-service-dazn-makes-english-premier-league-broadcast-deal/|title=Streaming service DAZN makes English Premier League broadcast deal official|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === US expansion, combat sports launch and corporate restructure (2018) ===<br /> In May 2018, DAZN announced its expansion into the United States and the signing of a broadcasting deal with [[Matchroom Boxing]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 2018 |title=Eddie Hearn reveals boxing's first ever $1bn deal with streaming giant |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/boxing/eddie-hearn-boxing-1bn-deal-matchroom-dazn-streaming-giant-pay-per-view-a8345866.html |access-date=3 September 2019 |website=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; The deal with Matchroom was signed for an initial two years with the option for a six-year extension.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Matchroom’s Chairman, [[Eddie Hearn]], said that the deal was a &quot;groundbreaking deal in the history of boxing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Hearn has big U.S. plans with $1B DAZN deal |publisher=ESPN |url=http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/23465848/eddie-hearn-matchroom-boxing-plans-big-things-us-streaming-service-dazn-revenue |access-date=11 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Kevin |date=10 May 2018 |title=Eddie Hearn boasts $1bn transatlantic streaming deal is 'biggest ever in boxing' |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/may/10/eddie-hearn-1bn-transatlantic-streaming-deal-boxing |access-date=11 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the same month, former [[ESPN]] president [[John Skipper]] joined as executive chairman of Perform Group.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/john-skipper-espn-joins-perform-group-chairman-1202802618/|title=Former ESPN Chief John Skipper Joins Len Blavatnik's Perform Group as Chairman|last=Littleton|first=Cynthia|date=8 May 2018|work=Variety|access-date=26 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later became the first chief executive officer of DAZN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Draper |first=Kevin |date=8 May 2018 |title=John Skipper, Who Abruptly Left ESPN, Has a New Job |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/sports/john-skipper-espn-perform.html |access-date=15 December 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2018, DAZN announced a five-year streaming rights deal with the [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]]-owned [[mixed martial arts]] promotion [[Bellator MMA|Bellator]] and included the U.S. and all other regions currently served by DAZN. The rights include seven exclusive events per-year, as well as all events televised by [[Paramount Network]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/viacom-bellator-mma-1202857974/|title=Viacom's Bellator MMA Signs Multi-Year Deal With OTT Service DAZN |last=Holloway |first=Daniel|date=26 June 2018|work=Variety|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/6/26/17505834/bellator-announces-broadcast-deal-with-streaming-service-dazn|title=Bellator announces broadcast deal with streaming service DAZN|work=MMA Fighting|access-date=27 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN officially launched in the U.S. in September 2018, ahead of its first boxing event of [[Anthony Joshua vs Alexander Povetkin]] on 22 September. Its launch content also included the [[World Boxing Super Series]], as well as the [[AFC Champions League]], the [[Chilean Primera Division]], [[J-League]] and other content.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://awfulannouncing.com/streaming/dazn-makes-its-u-s-debut.html|title=DAZN makes its U.S. debut|date=11 September 2018|work=Awful Announcing|access-date=16 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/1385083/streaming-service-dazn-wants-to-sell-us-sports-without-commercials/|title=Streaming service DAZN wants to sell US sports without commercials|website=Qz.com|date=11 September 2018|access-date=16 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN's broadcast team for its U.S. boxing events is led by [[Sugar Ray Leonard|&quot;Sugar&quot; Ray Leonard]] and [[Brian Kenny (sportscaster)|Brian Kenny]] on play-by-play, with [[LZ Granderson]] as ringside reporter, and [[Michael Buffer]] as ring announcer. Buffer appeared in a U.S. marketing campaign for the service, contrasting its business model to [[pay-per-view]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2018/11/16/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/DAZN-Ad.aspx|title=Canelo Alvarez, Michael Buffer Take Shots At Pay-Per-View In DAZN Ad|website=Sports Business Daily|date=16 November 2018 |access-date=17 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/sugar-ray-leonard-brian-kenny-ringside-team-dazn-boxing-1202943855/|title='Sugar' Ray Leonard, Brian Kenny Among Ringside Team for DAZN Boxing|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=17 September 2018|work=Variety|access-date=18 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2018, DAZN's parent company Perform Group underwent a reorganization, with its sports data business spun into a second company known as Perform Content (which was later sold to [[Vista Equity Partners]] and merged with [[STATS LLC]] in 2019 to form [[Stats Perform]], and its consumer properties (including DAZN itself, as well as several co-owned sports news websites) retained as DAZN Group and was later reported that this was in preparation for a potential sale of the latter in order to help fund the DAZN operations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-len-blavatnik-perform-content|title=Report: DAZN owner planning split to increase focus on OTT platform|website=SportsPro|date=17 October 2018|access-date=25 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/dazn-group-sells-perform/5138568.article|title=DAZN Group sells Perform|website=Broadcast|access-date=25 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Morning-Buzz/2019/07/15/Stats.aspx|title=Stats, Perform Complete Merger, Creating New Data/AI Company|date=15 July 2019|publisher=Sports Business Daily|access-date=16 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2018, DAZN announced that it had signed a five-year, 11-fight deal with Mexican boxer [[Canelo Álvarez]] valued at a minimum of $365 million, beginning with his then-upcoming bout against [[Rocky Fielding]] in December for the WBA [[super middleweight]] title. Álvarez was previously aligned with [[HBO Boxing|HBO]], which had announced that it would discontinue boxing broadcasts. The contract overtook [[Giancarlo Stanton]]'s $325 million contract with the [[Miami Marlins]] as the [[List of largest sports contracts|highest-valued contract with a single athlete in sport]] known at the time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 October 2018 |title=Canelo signs 11-fight, $365M deal with DAZN|url=https://www.espn.in/boxing/story/_/id/25003974/canelo-alvarez-signs-5-year-11-fight-deal-worth-365-million-dazn |access-date=5 November 2021|website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/angels/la-sp-mike-trout-angels-20190324-story.html |title=How and why Mike Trout and the Angels agreed to a historic contract|date=25 March 2019|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 July 2020|title=Patrick Mahomes tops Mike Trout for biggest contract in sports history |url=https://www.espn.in/nfl/story/_/id/29419738/patrick-mahomes-tops-mike-trout-biggest-contract-sports-history|access-date=5 November 2021|website=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2021|title=Leaked Messi contract the biggest in world sport|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/barcelona/story/4302791/lionel-messis-leaked-barcelona-contract-the-biggest-in-sports-history-report |access-date=5 November 2021|website=ESPN.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2018, [[Major League Baseball]] announced a three-year content partnership with DAZN, which includes on-demand highlights, and ChangeUp—a live nightly studio program featuring look-ins and analysis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=SVG |title=DAZN Reaches Three Year Rights Deal With MLB; Will Produce Live Weeknight Show |work=Sports Video Group |url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2018/11/15/dazn-reaches-three-year-rights-deal-with-mlb-will-produce-live-weeknight-show/ |access-date=21 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN's new MLB show to feature familiar face, borrow 'Football' script |url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com:443/en/Journal/Issues/2019/03/25/Media/DAZN%20ChangeUp.aspx |access-date=25 October 2019 |website=Sports Business Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Just before the start of the 2020 season, DAZN cancelled MLB-related programming due to financial stresses caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lucia |first1=Joe |date=22 July 2020 |title=DAZN has reportedly cancelled MLB ChangeUp prior to the start of the 2020 season |work=Awful Announcing |url=https://awfulannouncing.com/dazn/dazn-has-reportedly-cancelled-mlb-changeup-prior-to-the-start-of-the-2020-season.html |access-date=7 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2018, DAZN was estimated to be worth £3 billion: it was described by the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' as one of the United Kingdom's few tech &quot;[[Unicorn (finance)|unicorns]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Alex |date=14 December 2018 |title=Business interview: DAZN tech boss tempts fans with Spotify for sport |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/business/business-interview-simon-denyer-dazn-the-london-tech-boss-tempting-fans-with-a-3bn-spotify-for-sport-a4017781.html |access-date=3 September 2019 |website=Evening Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === European and Asian launch (2018–2020) ===<br /> DAZN launched in Italy in August 2018, with an acquisition of exclusive rights to 114 [[Serie A]] matches beginning in the 2018–19 season and other domestic rights on launch including the [[European Rugby Champions Cup]], ''[[Showtime Championship Boxing]]'', [[UFC]] programming, and the [[World Rally Championship]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/serie-a-rights-dazn-sky-ott-italy|title=DAZN launches in Italy with exclusive Serie A domestic rights - |website=SportsPro Media|date=14 June 2018 |access-date=3 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-italy-rights-confirmed-sports-business-industry-digest-august-6|title=DAZN confirm full rights portfolio for Italian launch and more: SportsPro industry digest August 6|website= SportsPro Media|date=7 August 2018|access-date=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September, DAZN announced that in order to improve the accessibility of its Serie A rights, it would begin to offer a subscription-based linear channel on Sky Italia's satellite service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/serie-tv-rights-dazn-sky-italia-channel|title=DAZN's Serie A games to air on new Sky Italia channel - SportsPro Media|website=SportsPro|date=2 September 2019|access-date=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2019, DAZN acquired the rights to broadcast the [[2019 AFC Asian Cup]] in Canada and the United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/2019/01/23/dazn-acquires-asian-cup-rights-us/|title=DAZN acquires Asian Cup rights in US|first=Christopher|last=Harris|date=23 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2019, DAZN doubled its U.S. monthly cost, but also introduced a new yearly option at a discount.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://awfulannouncing.com/streaming/dazn-doubles-monthly-subscription-fee-hoping-to-steer-fans-towards-new-annual-option.html|title=DAZN doubles monthly subscription fee, hoping to steer fans towards new annual option|date=21 March 2019|website=Awful Announcing|access-date=21 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN launched in Spain in February 2019, becoming its eighth market.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2018/11/dazn-to-revolutionize-the-way-fans-watch-sport-in-spain/|title=DAZN TO REVOLUTIONIZE THE WAY FANS WATCH SPORT IN SPAIN|date=13 November 2018|website=DAZN Media Centre|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506031600/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2018/11/dazn-to-revolutionize-the-way-fans-watch-sport-in-spain/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2019/02/dazn-accelerates-global-expansion-as-spain-becomes-eighth-live-market/|title=DAZN ACCELERATES GLOBAL EXPANSION AS SPAIN BECOMES EIGHTH LIVE MARKET|date=27 February 2019|website=DAZN Media Centre|language=en-GB|access-date=5 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043340/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2019/02/dazn-accelerates-global-expansion-as-spain-becomes-eighth-live-market/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The service went live with a roster of exclusive premium sport content including [[MotoGP]], Moto 2 and Moto3 (2019–2022), [[EuroLeague]], EuroCup and [[Premier League]]. Other rights included [[FA Cup]], [[EFL Cup]], [[Coppa Italia]] and [[Supercoppa Italiana]], [[EFL Championship]], [[UFC]], Golden Boy, Matchroom Boxing and [[Professional Darts Corporation|PDC Darts]].<br /> <br /> On 8 March 2019, DAZN signed a three-year, six-fight deal with [[Gennady Golovkin]], under which it would broadcast two fights per-year. The contract also includes two cards per-year from Golovkin's GGG Promotions beginning in 2020. The deal began with his June 2019 bout against Canadian boxer [[Steve Rolls]]. Golovkin's promoter explained that the choice of a Canadian boxer was intended to help encourage DAZN subscriptions in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxingscene.com/dazn-announces-gennady-golovkins-3-year-6-fight-agreement--136879|title=DAZN Announces Gennady Golovkin's 3-Year, 6-Fight Agreement|website=BoxingScene.com|date=8 March 2019 |access-date=23 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/26187047|title=GGG signs deal with DAZN, will fight in June|date=8 March 2019|website=ESPN.com|access-date=23 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2019/4/22/18511645/gennady-golovkin-fight-steve-rolls-good-dazn-canada|title=Gennady Golovkin: Fight with Steve Rolls is good for DAZN in Canada|last=Christ|first=Scott|date=22 April 2019|website=Bad Left Hook|access-date=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Golovkin cited the broadcaster's &quot;global vision&quot; as an influence on the decision.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxingscene.com/golovkin-dazns-global-vision-perfectly-matched-my-goals--136880|title=Golovkin: DAZN's Global Vision Perfectly Matched My Goals|website=BoxingScene.com|date=8 March 2019 |access-date=23 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 13 March 2019, DAZN re-organised the Perform Media division into DAZN Media with handling of advertising and sponsorship sales for DAZN's global operations, including the &quot;DAZN+&quot; program (which coordinates &quot;personalised communications&quot; between its partners and subscribers), and DAZN Player (formerly ePlayer), the group's syndicated video content service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-advertising-partners-ott-platforms|title=DAZN to add advertising partners to OTT platforms|website=SportsPro Media|date=13 March 2019|access-date=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 2019, DAZN premiered a new show, ''Da Pull Up'', hosted by [[Akin &quot;Ak&quot; Reyes]] and Barak Bess, and premiered the first episode of ''40 Days -'' docuseries chronicling the lead-up to Canelo Álvarez's bout against [[Daniel Jacobs (boxer)|Daniel Jacobs]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 May 2019 |title=DAZN's '40 Days' series begins with a star pairing of Canelo Alvarez and LeBron James |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/boxing/la-sp-canelo-alvarez-lebron-james-dazn-20190503-story.html |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=Da Pull Up |url=https://www.mixedmartialarts.com/forums/UnderGround/Da-Pull-Up:2808307 |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=The Underground}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2019, the service announced an expansion into Brazil as its ninth market, acquiring rights to the [[Copa Sudamericana]] and [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série C]], and other international football competitions among other properties.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 November 2018 |title=DAZN TO LAUNCH SPORTS STREAMING SERVICE IN BRAZIL {{!}} DAZN Media Centre |language=en-GB |work=DAZN Media Centre |url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2018/11/dazn-to-launch-sports-streaming-service-in-brazil/ |access-date=2 December 2018 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055448/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2018/11/dazn-to-launch-sports-streaming-service-in-brazil/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 May 2019 |title=DAZN announces Brazil OTT launch |url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-brazil-ott-copa-sudamericana-streaming-launch |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=SportsPro Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 May 2019 |title=DAZN kicks off Brazilian service offering |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2019/05/10/dazn-kicks-off-brazilian-service-offering/ |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=Digital TV Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2019, DAZN also reached a syndication deal with [[Eurosport]] in Austria, Germany, Italy, and Spain, allowing DAZN subscribers to access live and on-demand sports programming from Eurosport in these regions. In addition, DAZN sub-licensed 45 Bundesliga matches from Eurosport in Germany and Austria over the next two seasons — with 39 exclusive to the service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-discovery-eurosport-bundesliga-rights-distribution|title=DAZN joins forces with Discovery for Eurosport distribution|website= SportsPro Media|date=18 July 2019|access-date=18 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2019, former [[Indianapolis Colts]] punter and [[WWE]] personality [[Pat McAfee]] signed a content deal with DAZN, which added television simulcasts of his podcast and ''[[The Pat McAfee Show]]'' to the service, as well as contributions to shoulder content for DAZN's NFL rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=Former NFL Star Pat McAfee Lands Daily Show on DAZN and Westwood One (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nfl-star-pat-mcafee-lands-daily-show-dazn-westwoodone-1229887 |access-date=17 September 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN and McAfee terminated their broadcast partnership in May 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2020 |title=Pat McAfee Show Leaves DAZN |url=https://barrettsportsmedia.com/2020/05/08/pat-mcafee-show-leaves-dazn/ |access-date=11 September 2021 |website=Barrett Sports Media |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Global launch and appointment of Shay Segev (2020–2021) ===<br /> In March 2020, DAZN announced that it would expand into 200 additional countries worldwide, with an initial focus on giving wider distribution to its boxing and original content portfolio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldsmith|first=Jill|date=2 March 2020|title=DAZN Sports Streamer To Expand In 200 Countries With Boxing|url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/dazn-200-countries-boxing-1202871986/|access-date=3 March 2020|website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=DAZN expands to more than 200 countries on December 1|url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2020/10/28/dazn-expands-to-more-than-200-countries-on-december-1/|access-date=2 July 2021|website=Broadband TV News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] resulting in widespread [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports|suspension]] of international sport, DAZN stated in late March 2020 that it would not pay rightsholders for content that had not been delivered under their contracts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 March 2020|title=DAZN set to withhold rights payments in bid to survive coronavirus crisis|url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-tv-rights-payments-coronavirus|access-date=24 May 2020|website=SportsPro Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2020, the [[Financial Times]] reported that DAZN was seeking further investments in order to secure the future of the business, which had been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=23 May 2020 |title=Sports streaming group DAZN seeks cash to help secure future |url=https://www.ft.com/content/9052379a-78eb-4825-a0f6-f3dba6299940 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.ft.com |publisher=Financial Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=April 2020 |title=DAZN set to withhold rights payments in bid to survive coronavirus crisis - SportsPro Media |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-tv-rights-payments-coronavirus |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.sportspromedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2020, DAZN extended their carriage agreement with Eurosport through August 2023, and added Switzerland to the agreement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 September 2020|title=DAZN extends and expands Eurosport carriage deal for three years|url=https://media.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-extends-and-expands-eurosport-carriage-deal-for-three-years/|access-date=23 September 2020|website=SportBusiness Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2020, it reached a deal to sell stakes in ''Goal'', ''Spox'', ''VoetbalZone'' to Integrated Media Company (IMC), a portfolio of [[TPG Capital]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN agrees US$100m plus Goal.com sale to IMC |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-goal-sale-imc-tpg-spox-voetbalzone-blavatnik-rushton |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=SportsPro Media}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in December 2020 it sold ''Sporting News'' to PAX Holdings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Novy-Williams |first=Eben |date=14 December 2020 |title=DAZN Sells Sporting News to British Family Office with Gaming Ties |url=https://www.sportico.com/business/media/2020/dazn-sells-sporting-news-1234618282/ |access-date=3 March 2021 |website=Sportico.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2021, former [[Entain]] CEO [[Shay Segev]] was named the new CEO of DAZN, after having acted alongside founder James Rushton for the previous six months.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=17 January 2022 |title=DAZN Rejigs Leadership, Appoints Shay Segev as Sole CEO |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |location=[[Los Angeles]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/streaming/news/dazn-ceo-shay-segev-1235155682/ |access-date=25 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2021, former [[Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer &amp; International]] executive [[Kevin A. Mayer]] became the chairman of DAZN, replacing John Skipper.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Spangler |first=Todd|date=3 March 2021|title=DAZN Taps Kevin Mayer, Former Disney and TikTok Exec, as Chairman of Sports Streamer|url=https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/dazn-kevin-mayer-chairman-1234920581/|url-status=live|access-date=2 July 2021|website=Variety|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303142837/https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/dazn-kevin-mayer-chairman-1234920581/ |archive-date=3 March 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; That month, DAZN secured the exclusive broadcasting rights of Serie A TIM in Italy and LaLiga rights in Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Michael |date=26 March 2021 |title=Serie A clubs approve DAZN's €2.5bn media rights offer |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/serie-a-rights-dazn-italy-sky-domestic-contract/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN announced a five-year agreement with Matchroom Sport in June 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=3 June 2021|title=DAZN Deals Latest Blow To Sky By Signing &quot;Game-Changing&quot; Boxing Deal With Eddie Hearn's Matchroom|url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/dazn-eddie-hearn-matchroom-boxing-deal-1234768454/|url-status=live|access-date=2 July 2021 |website=Deadline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603130132/https://deadline.com/2021/06/dazn-eddie-hearn-matchroom-boxing-deal-1234768454/ |archive-date=3 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It also announced a four-year global broadcasting deal for the [[UEFA Women's Champions League]] (outside of China, the Middle East, and North Africa) under which it will partner with [[YouTube]] to simulcast 61 matches during the 2021–22 and 2022–23 seasons.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 June 2021|title=Uefa signs Women's Champions League free live streaming deal with Dazn |url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jun/30/uefa-signs-womens-champions-league-free-live-streaming-deal-with-dazn|access-date=2 July 2021|website=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2021, the company agreed an eight-year deal for the rights of Japan’s Women Empowerment League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bassam |first=Tom |date=5 July 2021 |title=DAZN signs eight-year Yogibo WE League rights contract |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-yogibo-we-league-tv-rights-japan-2021/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In October 2021, DAZN launched its proprietary video player, Mercury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Technology |url=https://dazngroup.com/technology/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=DAZN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2021, the company launched DAZN X, its innovation hub.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=DAZN Group announces the launch of its innovation hub, DAZN X, with the acquisition of video and audience engagement expert Texel {{!}} DAZN News GB |url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GB/news/other/dazn-group-announces-the-launch-of-its-innovation-hub-dazn-x-with-the-acquisition-of-video-and-audience-engagement-expert-texel/81e25qyq9ffx14op9mjo5zm2u |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=DAZN |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2021, DAZN was awarded the 2021 Apple TB App of the Year award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Apple TV App of the Year: DAZN |url=https://apps.apple.com/gb/story/id1593113437}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Diversification, continued expansions (2022–2024) ===<br /> In 2022, DAZN began diversifying its platform beyond sports streaming to include a range of other sports entertainment, including the sale of tickets and merchandise, sports [[non-fungible token]]s (NFTs), gaming and betting.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Ruddock |first1=Jo |date=13 July 2022 |title=DAZN launches boxing-focused global NFT marketplace |url=https://www.svgeurope.org/blog/headlines/dazn-launches-boxing-focused-global-nft-marketplace/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=SVG Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=DAZN and Mixi team up on Japanese NFT marketplace |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/categories/technology/emerging-technology/dazn-moments-nft-marketplace-mixi-japan/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=SportsPro}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN Moments launched on 24 March 2022, however, DAZN would later published a notice on their dedicated website stating that the service would be terminated on 30 November 2023, with no further purchases or sales available. DAZN Moments would no longer be held by customers after 14 March 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=重要】サービス終了のお知らせ |url=https://daznmoments.com/news/news-20231130-01 |access-date=6 February 2024 |website=DAZN}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN's NFTs launched in tandem with the [[Canelo Álvarez vs. Billy Joe Saunders]] fight reportedly failed to generate a profit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Canelo v. Saunders: Face the Fearless |url=https://opensea.io/collection/dazn-x-canelo-saunders |access-date=6 February 2024 |website=Open Sea}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 2022, DAZN launched &quot;DAZN Bet&quot; in the UK and signed a strategic partnership with Pragmatic Group to develop its [[sports betting]] product.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=20 April 2022 |url=https://igamingbusiness.com/dazn-sports-betting-brand/|title=DAZN to launch sports betting brand with pragmatic deal|magazine=iGaming Business|access-date=26 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shay Segev, Dazn CEO, said: &quot;The convergence of sports media and betting is the future.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 April 2022 |title=DAZN Group, Pragmatic Group announce launch of DAZN BET {{!}} DAZN News US |url=https://www.dazn.com/en-US/news/soccer/dazn-group-pragmatic-group-announce-launch-of-dazn-bet/wc9szvw7fmlb1lgf4ul7frh86 |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=DAZN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2022, DAZN signed a deal to carry [[Red Bull TV]], including live and on-demand content.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-red-bull-tv-distribution-extreme-sports-streaming/ |title=DAZN strikes Red Bull TV global distribution deal for extreme sports coverage |website=SportsPro |author=Ed Dixon |date=4 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; That same month, DAZN signed a four-event deal with [[KSI]]'s Misfits Boxing, carrying cards under the branding &quot;MF &amp; DAZN: X Series&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=DAZN |date= |title=DAZN y Misfits Boxing anuncian la nueva serie de veladas 'MF &amp; DAZN: X Series' |url=https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/boxeo/dazn-y-misfits-boxing-anuncian-la-nueva-serie-de-veladas-mf-dazn-x-series/1dpuzwc79ae9a1gzxjq5h5k0yg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630232534/https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/boxeo/dazn-y-misfits-boxing-anuncian-la-nueva-serie-de-veladas-mf-dazn-x-series/1dpuzwc79ae9a1gzxjq5h5k0yg |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=DAZN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2022, DAZN announced a global broadcasting deal with British boxer [[Anthony Joshua]], beginning with his 20 August rematch against [[Oleksandr Usyk]] in [[Saudi Arabia]]. The deal was reported to be valued at £100 million per year, with Joshua also becoming a [[brand ambassador]] for DAZN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Anthony Joshua ends Sky Sports partnership with £100m DAZN deal |url=https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/anthony-joshua-ends-sky-sports-151221563.html |access-date=7 February 2023 |website=ca.movies.yahoo.com |date=13 June 2022 |language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2022, Segev stated that there were plans to add more interactive features to the platform, such as &quot;watch parties&quot;, alternative broadcasts of events, and sports betting integration.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 July 2022 |title=Sports rights to sports betting: what next for Blavatnik-backed DAZN? |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0f3c28e1-7882-4532-a1f5-96b3bc15d3c4 |access-date=31 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2022, DAZN and [[Misfits Boxing]] launched &quot;MF &amp; DAZN: X Series&quot;, which is a series of crossover boxing events that have influencers and celebrities complete in the boxing ring.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN &amp; MISFITS BOXING LAUNCH MF &amp; DAZN: X SERIES |url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-misfits-boxing-launch-mf-dazn-x-series/#:~:text=London,%20July%2015,%202022%20%E2%80%93,Wasserman%20Boxing%20and%20Proper%20Loud. |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=DAZN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2022, DAZN announced that it would acquire sports broadcaster [[Eleven Sports|Eleven Group]], expanding its position in parts of Asia and Europe, and in global sports streaming rights and technologies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=DAZN Buys ELEVEN Group, Gains Rights to Top Soccer Leagues in Portugal, Belgium |url=https://variety.com/2022/digital/global/dazn-buys-eleven-group-1235384637/ |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=DAZN to acquire rival sports streamer Eleven |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-eleven-sports-acquisition-streaming/ |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=SportsPro}}&lt;/ref&gt; The acquisition was later finalized in February 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 February 2023 |title=COMPLETION OF ELEVEN ACQUISITION ESTABLISHES DAZN AS THE WORLD'S ULTIMATE DESTINATION FOR SPORTS FANS |url=https://corporate.elevensports.com/news/completion-of-eleven-acquisition-establishes-dazn-as-the-worlds-ultimate-destination-for-sports-fans|access-date=17 February 2023 |publisher=Eleven Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt; Details of the acquisition were included in DAZN Group's published accounts, stating that Eleven was acquired on a share-only basis, while £35m in funding was provided to Eleven subject to an annual interest rate of 14%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 January 2023 |title=DAZN Group Limited Consolidated Annual Report and Financial Statements |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06324278/filing-history/MzM2NTUyNDQyM2FkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0|access-date=3 February 2024 |publisher=Companies House}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, the company launched DAZN Store in Germany, its online [[e-commerce]] platform for fan merchandise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN'S KEY MILESTONES |url=https://dazngroup.com/timeline/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=DAZN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; That same year, DAZN reported revenues of $2.3 billion, over 70% increase from 2021, making it the highest grossing sports app in the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Dominic |date=15 December 2023 |title=Sports streamer DAZN ditches float after losses |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/article/sports-streamer-ditches-float-after-2-3bn-losses-3w7jjgv3h |access-date=15 December 2023 |issn=0140-0460}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2023, DAZN signed a five-year deal with Misfits Boxing, and a multi-year agreement with [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW) to carry its programming in 42 Asian and European territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lingeswaran |first=Susan |date=27 January 2023 |title=DAZN secures rights to All Elite Wrestling in 42 markets across Europe, Asia |url=https://www.sportcal.com/media/dazn-secures-rights-to-all-elite-wrestling-in-42-markets-across-europe-asia/ |access-date=7 February 2023 |website=Sportcal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2023, DAZN announced that it had acquired the global rights to the NFL's Game Pass service outside of the U.S. and China under a 10-year deal beginning in the [[2023 NFL season]]; it will be sold as a standalone subscription service on the DAZN platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Vlessing|first=Etan|title=NFL, DAZN Sign 10-Year Deal for International Game Pass Streaming Package|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/nfl-dazn-sign-10-year-deal-for-international-game-pass-streaming-package-1235319503/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=7 February 2023|access-date=8 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McCaskill |first=Steve |date=26 June 2023 |title=DAZN promises tech innovation after adding NFL Game Pass International |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/nfl-dazn-game-pass-international-launch-streaming/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2023, DAZN and Amazon agreed a global distribution deal for DAZN’s streaming service on Amazon’s Prime Video Channels platform.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=McCaskill |first=Steve |date=19 January 2023 |title=DAZN expands reach with Amazon Prime Video distribution |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-amazon-prime-streaming-platform-channels/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2023, DAZN Chairman [[Kevin A. Mayer]] two-year term came to an end.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Max |date=2023-03-01 |title=Kevin Mayer steps down as DAZN Group chairman |url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/kevin-mayer-steps-down-as-dazn-group-chairman/5179779.article |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Broadcast |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; That month, DAZN also launched the DAZN 1 channel on [[Sky UK|Sky]] in the UK and Ireland.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Max |date=2023-03-16 |title=DAZN launches UK &amp; Ireland linear channel on Sky |url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/dazn-launches-uk-and-ireland-linear-channel-on-sky/5180269.article |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Broadcast |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2023, DAZN launched two new global FAST channels, DAZN Combat and DAZN Women’s Football, which will be available globally through [[LG]], [[Samsung TV Plus]] and VIDAA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Melissa |first=Kasule |date=3 May 2023 |title=DAZN Unveils Two Global Fast Channels |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2023/05/03/dazn-unveils-two-global-fast-channels/ |website=Digital TV Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In July 2023 DAZN announced a partnership with DAIMANI to launch an integrated ticketing product for DAZN subscribers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=McCaskill |first=Steve |date=12 July 2023 |title=DAZN launches in-app sports ticketing marketplace with Daimani |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/dazn-daimani-ticketing-hospitality-streaming-sports-events/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same month, it also launched in Belgium, Portugal, and Taiwan, transitioning from former Eleven Sports services.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 July 2023 |title=DAZN completes transition in trio of Eleven markets |url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-completes-transition-in-trio-of-eleven-markets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725211223/https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-completes-transition-in-trio-of-eleven-markets/ |archive-date=25 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Sport Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 2023, it was announced DAZN had acquired US-based women’s football streaming platform [[ATA Football]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Streaming giant DAZN strengthens women's sports push with ata football deal |url=https://news.sky.com/story/streaming-giant-dazn-strengthens-womens-sports-push-with-ata-football-deal-12940413 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN also launched in France, with the company reaching a sub-licensing agreement with [[Canal+ (French TV provider)|Canal+]] to stream weekly [[Ligue 1]] fixtures on the service, and offer carriage of a DAZN 1 linear channel for Canal+ customers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kasule |first=Melissa |date=14 August 2023 |title=DAZN launches in France via Canal+ Ligue 1 deal |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2023/08/14/dazn-launches-in-france-via-canal-ligue-1-deal/ |website=Digital TV Europe}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN also announced a five-year partnership with U.S. sports merchandise retailer [[Fanatics, Inc.|Fanatics, Inc]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Euan |date=3 August 2023 |title=Fanatics and DAZN in long-term merchandise and sales partnership |url=https://www.sportcal.com/news/fanatics-and-dazn-in-long-term-merchandise-and-sales-partnership/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Sportcal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Saudi investments, acquisition of Foxtel (2024–present) ===<br /> In October 2024, DAZN reached an agreement with Saudi Arabia's [[General Entertainment Authority]], giving it exclusive rights (co-exclusive within the [[Middle East and North Africa|MENA region]]) to [[Riyadh Season]] events, and international rights outside of MENA for its slate of boxing events.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=DAZN continues Saudi charm offensive with Riyadh Season deal |url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-continues-saudi-charm-offensive-with-riyadh-season-deal/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=SportBusiness |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The agreement came amid rumours that the Saudi [[Public Investment Fund]] (PIF) was seeking to acquire a stake in DAZN;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; the PIF stated that it &quot;has no current plans to invest in the company&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-10-11 |title=Saudi Arabia's PIF says it is not currently in talks for DAZN stake |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/saudi-arabias-pif-says-it-is-not-currently-talks-dazn-stake-2024-10-11/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |publisher=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2024, DAZN acquired exclusive international rights to the [[2025 FIFA Club World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=December 4, 2024 |title=Fifa Club World Cup 2025: DAZN secures exclusive broadcast rights |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/crl387gr18ro |access-date=December 4, 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Sheldon |first1=Dan |last2=Crafton |first2=Adam |last3=more |title=Explained: FIFA and DAZN's $1billion broadcast deal for the 2025 Club World Cup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5976385/2024/12/08/club-world-cup-dazn-1billion-broadcast-deal/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2024, the company announced a deal with Queensberry Promotions, owned by Frank Warren, to broadcast its boxing events on the platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Ed |date=2024-11-04 |title=DAZN and Queensberry strike multi-year global boxing rights deal |url=https://www.sportspro.com/news/dazn-queensbury-promotions-global-broadcast-rights-deal-frank-warren-boxing-november-2024/ |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2024, DAZN announced that it would acquire Australian pay television provider [[Foxtel]] from [[News Corp Australia]] and [[Telstra]] in a AU$3.4 billion deal.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mumbrella.com.au/news-corp-confirms-foxtel-sale-861039 News Corp confirms Foxtel sale] ''[[Mumbrella]]'' 23 December 2024&lt;/ref&gt; The sale, among other assets, will give DAZN control of Foxtel's [[Fox Sports (Australia)|Fox Sports]] networks and [[Hubbl]] streaming business, which includes competing OTT service [[Kayo Sports]]. The acquisition was completed on 2 April 2025 following the approval of the [[Australian Competition and Consumer Commission]] and [[Foreign Investment Review Board]]; DAZN stated that it would maintain the Foxtel name and its related brands. As part of the sale, [[News Corp]] and Telstra acquired 6% and 3% stakes in DAZN respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=News Corp sells Foxtel to British sports streaming giant in $3.4b deal |url=https://www.afr.com/companies/media-and-marketing/news-corp-sells-foxtel-to-british-sports-streaming-giant-in-3-4b-deal-20241216-p5kypb |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[Australian Financial Review]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Murdoch's News Corp to sell Foxtel to Britain's DAZN for $2.1 billion |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/23/murdochs-news-corp-to-sell-foxtel-to-britains-dazn-for-2point1-billion.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=CNBC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jaspan |first=Calum |date=2024-12-22 |title=Billionaire-backed sports streamer buys Foxtel |url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/billionaire-backed-sports-streamer-buys-foxtel-20241216-p5kyqd.html |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2025, it was reported that Surj Sports Investment, the sporting arm of Saudi Arabia's [[Public Investment Fund]], had agreed to invest $1 billion in DAZN for a stake of less than 5%. The deal was concluded weeks after DAZN, whose losses have exceeded $1 billion annually since 2019, secured the rights to broadcast the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup, and FIFA awarded the hosting rights for the [[2034 FIFA World Cup]] to Saudi Arabia as the sole bidder for the tournament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Saudi Arabia strikes $1bn deal with Leonard Blavatnik's sports streaming business |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8a2cb0fc-84a5-4d42-9f85-73226ef4bf2d |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Financial Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2025, DAZN announced a rights agreement for the Saudi-backed [[LIV Golf]] covering 200 territories, with exclusive rights in Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal and Switzerland; this agreement will see DAZN host the league's FAST platform LIV Golf+, and develop a paid offering.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Ed |date=2025-03-14 |title=DAZN deepens Saudi ties with global LIV Golf FTA streaming deal |url=https://www.sportspro.com/news/dazn-liv-golf-streaming-broadcast-rights-deal-march-2025/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Alex |date=2025-03-14 |title=LIV Golf finds global distribution partner in DAZN |url=https://www.sportcal.com/news/liv-golf-finds-global-distribution-partner-in-dazn/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Sportcal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2025, DAZN sublicensed the Spanish-language rights to 38 UEFA Champions League matches in the United States per-season from [[TelevisaUnivision]]; the package also includes Europa League matches, and simulcast rights for two quarter finals, the semi-finals, and final. Most of these matches had originally been assigned to its own streaming service [[Vix (streaming service)|Vix]]. The agreement lasts through 2027, when TelevisaUnivision's contract expires; DAZN had sub-licensed U.S. Spanish television rights to the FIFA Club World Cup to TelevisaUnivision.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-01 |title=DAZN sublicenses UEFA matches in Spanish |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/06/23/dazn-sublicenses-spanish-language-uefa-champions-league-matches/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Sports Business Journal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 30 July 2025, DAZN announced an agreement with the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) to move its NHL.tv service to DAZN beginning in the [[2025–26 NHL season]], as either part of the DAZN service or as an add-on subscription. The agreement covers around 200 countries, and succeeds a previous relationship between the league and [[Sportradar]]; it excludes territories where the NHL has existing media rights deals, including Canada, the United States, and [[Nordic Europe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NHL Strikes Deal With DAZN to Distribute NHL.TV to Nearly 200 Countries |url=https://www.sportsvideo.org/2025/07/30/nhl-strikes-deal-with-dazn-to-distribute-nhl-tv-to-nearly-200-countries/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Sports Video Group |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cahillane |first=Mollie |date=2025-07-30 |title=NHL signs DAZN streaming deal for int'l growth |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/07/30/nhl-signs-streaming-deal-with-dazn-for-intl-growth/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Sports Business Journal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2025, DAZN announced agreements with [[ESPN International]] to carry [[ESPN College Football|''ESPN College Football'']] and [[ESPN College Basketball|''ESPN College Basketball'']] broadcasts in parts of Europe, MENA, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom; the package includes up to 20 football games and 25 basketball games per-week, including rights to the [[College Football Playoff]] and the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA men's]] and [[NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament|women's]] basketball tournaments (whose international rights are held by ESPN). As part of this agreement, the games would initially be streamed on DAZN's free tier.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=DAZN to show live NCAA college football and basketball across UK, Europe and MENA |url=https://www.sportspro.com/news/broadcast-ott/dazn-espn-deal-ncaa-college-football-basketball-uk-europe-mena-august-2025/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=Sports Pro |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2026, DAZN announced a five-year extension of its agreement with Matchroom Boxing to 2031. As part of the extension, DAZN will broadcast 30 boxing events by Matchroom a year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Ed |date=2026-02-19 |title=DAZN lands five-year Matchroom Boxing extension, renews PDC darts DACH rights until 2031 |url=https://www.sportspro.com/news/broadcast-ott/dazn-matchroom-boxing-pdc-darts-foxtel-kayo-broadcast-rights-february-2026/ |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=SportsPro |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2026, DAZN announced a six-year agreement with FIBA and Two Circles to move streaming platform Courtside 1891 to DAZN as a standalone offer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DAZN deepens basketball offer with courtside 1891 |url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-deepens-basketball-offer-with-fiba-courtside-1891/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=DAZN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Availability and access ==<br /> The DAZN platform is available in over 200 countries globally.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; DAZN is available on most connected devices including [[digital media player]]s, [[mobile app]]s, [[smart TV]]s, and PC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is DAZN? UK price and how to watch in the UK |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/dazn-uk-watch-live-boxing/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN is available as an [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Channel]] for [[Amazon Prime]] subscribers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2019, [[Comcast]] reached a deal with DAZN to offer an app for the service its [[Xfinity]] X1 cable boxes, becoming the first U.S. television provider to offer support for the service within their platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=19 September 2019 |title=Comcast Adds DAZN Sports-Streaming Service to Xfinity Flex, Sets Launch on X1 |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/comcast-dazn-sports-xfinity-x1-flex-1203342384/ |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=Variety}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2025, DAZN and American competitor [[FuboTV]] announced a partnership, under which DAZN would provide a channel known as DAZN1 to carry its boxing and MMA events. DAZN1 would be sold by FuboTV as an add-on for its streaming television service, and as a standalone service. In turn, DAZN would carry Fubo's FAST channel [[Fubo Sports Network]] on its platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-06-04 |title=Fubo and DAZN to distribute each other's channels in the US |url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2025/06/04/fubo-and-dazn-to-distribute-each-others-channels-in-the-us/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Broadband TV News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Controversies ==<br /> {{Criticism section|date=May 2024}}<br /> <br /> === Technical issues ===<br /> The opening weekend of the J.League on DAZN saw multiple issues including buffering and other technical problems. Founder James Rushton would travel to Japan to make an in-person apology.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Broadcasting glitches embarrass J. League on opening weekend of season |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/02/27/soccer/j-league/broadcasting-glitches-embarrass-j-league-opening-weekend-season/ |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=27 February 2017 |access-date=3 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=DAZN apologises for J. League coverage failings, outlines 'very aggressive' German strategy |url=https://media.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-apologises-for-j-league-coverage-failings-outlines-very-aggressive-german-strategy/ |work=[[Sport Business]] |date=1 March 2017 |access-date=3 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Canadian launch was met with technical issues, including inconsistent stream qualities, buffering, and latency between the streams and television broadcasts.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 September 2017 |title=NFL apologizes for 'inadequate service' that left Canadian DAZN viewers fuming in Week 1 |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/football/nfl/dazn-apologizes-for-inadequate-service-that-left-canadian-nfl-fans-fuming-in-week-1 |access-date=15 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 October 2017 |title=DAZN working on making all NFL games available via cable, satellite providers |work=National Post |url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/football/nfl/dazn-working-on-making-all-nfl-games-available-via-cable-satellite-providers |access-date=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN apologized for the &quot;inadequate service&quot; that it delivered and said it was working to rectify them.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; As a result, DAZN began to distribute NFL Sunday Ticket to television providers in October 2017, as had been the case before.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN's broadcast of the [[Canelo Álvarez vs. Daniel Jacobs]] boxing fight on 4 May 2019 received numerous complaints for its streaming quality and claims of bias from the commentators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Nesbitt |first=Andy |title=Boxing fans had so many complaints about DAZN during Canelo Alvarez-Daniel Jacobs fight |url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2019/05/canelo-alvarez-daniel-jacobs-fight-dazn-fan-complaints |work=[[USA Today]] |date=5 May 2019 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530151643/https://ftw.usatoday.com/2019/05/canelo-alvarez-daniel-jacobs-fight-dazn-fan-complaints}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Spain, [[Orange S.A.]] sought a settlement after DAZN's technical failures prevented both the transmission of La Liga matches to Orange and Movistar; together with incurring additional infrastructure costs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Spain: Orange seeks DAZN failure compensation |url=https://advanced-television.com/2022/10/27/spain-orange-seeks-dazn-failure-compensation/ |work=[[Advanced Television]] |date=27 October 2022 |access-date=3 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Serie A in Italy ===<br /> In September 2021, Italian consumer group Codacons threatened a [[class action lawsuit]] against DAZN to revoke its broadcasting rights for [[Serie A]] football, after complaints of service blackouts. Italian telecommunications regulator [[AGCOM]] and the country's antitrust body opened investigations into the service. Italian undersecretary for sport [[Valentina Vezzali]] said: &quot;We are monitoring the situation so that everything can be resolved for the benefit of the users, who are the ones who want to see their teams on television and cheer for their favorite team.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Saleh |first=Tariq |title=Consumer group in legal threat to DAZN over Serie A coverage issues |url=https://www.sportcal.com/media/consumer-group-in-legal-threat-to-dazn-over-serie-a-coverage-issues/?cf-view |website=Sportcal |date=27 September 2021 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203073156/https://www.sportcal.com/media/consumer-group-in-legal-threat-to-dazn-over-serie-a-coverage-issues/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN continued to suffer technical issues during the [[2022–23 Serie A|season opening day]] of Serie A in August 2022, and was condemned by multiple Italian politicians and Italy's consumer protection organization Udicon. AGCOM also intervened, leading to DAZN issuing an apology, and offering compensations to affected customers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Thomson |first=Stuart |title=DAZN hit by storm of criticism after renewed Serie A problems |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2022/08/17/dazn-hit-by-storm-of-criticism-after-renewed-serie-a-problems/ |website=Digital TV Europe |date=17 August 2022 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926222809/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2022/08/17/dazn-hit-by-storm-of-criticism-after-renewed-serie-a-problems/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2023, DAZN agreed to take urgent steps to improve its service in Italy, after its executives were called to a meeting with Italian government ministers [[Adolfo Urso]] and [[Andrea Abodi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Weir |first=Keith |title=Streamer DAZN promises action to resolve Italian Serie A issues |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/streamer-dazn-promises-action-resolve-italian-serie-issues-2023-01-10/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=10 January 2023 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110170304/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/streamer-dazn-promises-action-resolve-italian-serie-issues-2023-01-10/}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Business ethics ===<br /> DAZN has been accused of [[Business ethics|unethical business conduct]].<br /> <br /> In 2023, their monthly subscription was advertised at $19.99/month, however, subscribers were locked into a 12-month contract (the details of which are disclosed in the [[fine print]]), and were not allowed to cancel until the end of the 12 months. The monthly subscription plan, called &quot;Flexible Pass&quot; and priced at $24.99/month, required 30 days' notice in-advance of cancellation. The service would otherwise continue for another 30 days from when the user cancels, and the user would be charged on a pro-rata basis for excess time beyond the billing cycle. Only the yearly subscription would cancel at the end of the billing cycle regardless of when the user unsubscribes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=DAZN streaming service: Reviving one of cable's worst features |url=https://www.techhive.com/article/1991899/dazn-streaming-service-reviving-one-of-cables-worst-features.html |website=[[TechHive]] |date=13 July 2023 |access-date=3 December 2023 |archive-date=3 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803193932/https://www.techhive.com/article/1991899/dazn-streaming-service-reviving-one-of-cables-worst-features.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> DAZN was sued by the German Federal Association of Consumer Organizations (VZBV) over the alleged use of non-transparent contract clauses that allowed DAZN to make excessive contractual changes, including price adjustments. The Munich I Regional Court largely agreed with the VZBV, upholding many of the complaints.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Klage des vzbv gegen DAZN erfolgreich |url=https://www.vzbv.de/urteile/klage-des-vzbv-gegen-dazn-erfolgreich |website=[[TechHive]] |date=30 June 2023 |access-date=3 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Financial performance ===<br /> In its first published set of accounts in 2015, DAZN's losses before tax were £6.81 million. In 2016, losses before tax increased to £77.26 million. 2017 saw company losses before tax further grow to £259.4 million, and then in 2018 losses before tax were stated as over £520 million. Since the 2019 financial year to the most recent published set of accounts for 2022, losses before tax have exceeded £1 billion annually. The 2023 accounts for DAZN Limited at Companies House were not published until 18 February 2025, despite being due on 31 December 2024. DAZN's losses at the group level were stated as $1.46 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2015 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzE1NTYwMzAwOWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2016 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzE4NjcxMTM2N2FkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2017 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzIxNzUwMDg5OGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2018 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzI0NjA4OTQ0MWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2019 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzI5MDY0NzAwNGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2020 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzMzNzM4Mjg4M2FkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2021 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzM3NDI1OTM4MWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Full accounts made up to 31 December 2022 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/09676399/filing-history/MzQwNTAxMjU4MGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Group of companies' accounts made up to 31 December 2023 |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06324278/filing-history/MzQ1MjM4ODAxMWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&amp;download=0 |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=Companies House |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Crash and clash with the French football ===<br /> Since the partial acquisition of Ligue 1 in 2024, DAZN has had to pay the LFP (association which manages professional football activities in France) nearly €300 million in three installments. This resulted in a television rights crisis and a refusal to pay two-thirds of the agreed sum, with the administrative process still ongoing. Following this, DAZN withdrew from the acquisition of Ligue 1 after just one year.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}<br /> <br /> === Belgian football ===<br /> DAZN acquired the rights to the Belgian Jupiler Pro League, Challenger Pro League, Supercup and Lotto Super League in 2020. After renewing the deal for 5 more years,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Pro League en DAZN vinden overeenkomst voor nieuw mediacontract, bedrag daalt wel {{!}} sporza |url=https://sporza.be/nl/2024/12/19/pro-league-en-dazn-vinden-overeenkomst-voor-nieuw-mediacontract-bedrag-daalt-wel~1734602255097/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250219125516/https://sporza.be/nl/2024/12/19/pro-league-en-dazn-vinden-overeenkomst-voor-nieuw-mediacontract-bedrag-daalt-wel~1734602255097/ |archive-date=2025-02-19 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=sporza.be |language=nl-BE}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN was not able to find a deal with a cable broadband service provider. This meant the competitions could only be watched through the DAZN app and website, an not on tradition linear TV. After 5 months into the new contract, it unilaterally decided the contract should be annuled because no deal was found with a distributor. Despite reaqcuiring the rights with a 10% decrease, it asked these providers for 30% more.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Peter Vandenbempt buigt zich over rechtenkwestie in Belgisch voetbal: &quot;Er is mogelijkheid om vrijdag voetbal te kijken&quot; {{!}} sporza |url=https://sporza.be/nl/2025/11/25/peter-vandenbempt-buigt-zich-over-rechtenkwestie-in-belgisch-voetbal-er-is-mogelijkheid-om-vrijdag-voetbal-te-kijken~1764084954692/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=sporza.be |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; DAZN stated that &quot;no company can be forced to operate at a loss, it is simply not feasible&quot;. The company stated that it won't be paying the monthly installements any longer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Impasse is compleet: rechtenhouder DAZN zegt dat contract met Pro League &quot;is beëindigd in overeenstemming met Belgische wet&quot; {{!}} sporza |url=https://sporza.be/nl/2025/11/25/impasse-is-compleet-rechtenhouder-dazn-zegt-dat-contract-met-pro-league-is-beeindigd-in-overeenstemming-met-belgische-wet~1764068003685/ |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=sporza.be |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Programming ==<br /> {{split section|discuss=Talk:DAZN#Splitting proposal|date=January 2026}}<br /> <br /> === Sports rights ===<br /> Noted sports rights held by DAZN include:<br /> <br /> ====Football====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; | Competition<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Region<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; | Broadcast Details<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA World Cup]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Highlights<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]<br /> | Germany<br /> |-<br /> |[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)|FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2028&lt;br /&gt;(delayed for [[Germany national football team|Germany]] national team matches; unavailable for both [[Austria national football team|Austria]] and [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] national team matches respectively)<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Euro 2024|UEFA Euro]]<br /> | Germany<br /> | Highlights<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Euro qualifying]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, Belgium, Canada, France,{{efn|name=la|via [[La Chaîne L'Équipe]]}} Germany, Japan, Switzerland<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Live until 2028&lt;br /&gt;(delayed for [[Germany national football team|Germany]] national team matches; unavailable for both [[Austria national football team|Austria]] and [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]] national team matches respectively)<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Nations League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA European Under-19 Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Germany<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/live-und-for-free-nur-auf-dazn-ab-dem-14-juli-die-stars-von-morgen-bei-der-uefa-u19-europameisterschaft-der-frauen-und-manner/|title=LIVE UND FOR FREE NUR AUF DAZN AB DEM 14. JULI: DIE STARS VON MORGEN BEI DER UEFA-U19-EUROPAMEISTERSCHAFT DER FRAUEN UND MÄNNER|date=3 July 2024|language=de-de|access-date=4 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Women's Euro]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying|UEFA Women's Euro qualifying]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship]]<br /> | Germany<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/de-DE/news/fu%C3%9Fball/dazn-zeigt-die-gesamt-uefa-frauen-u19-em-live-aus-belgien/1rswuzc6v2nyh1th31le8a5kz9|title=DAZN zeigt die gesamt UEFA Frauen U19-EM live aus Belgien|date=7 July 2023|language=de|access-date=6 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;AFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.dazn.com/ja/press-releases-ja/2021/08/19-8/|title=AFC主催の各カテゴリ計14大会で放映権を獲得！ アジアサッカー連盟と2028年まで長期契約を締結 AFCアジア予選 – Road to Qatar –、AFCアジアカップなど 日本代表戦全試合を含むアジアの真剣勝負がDAZNに！|date=19 August 2021|language=ja-jp|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=19 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819030844/https://media.dazn.com/ja/press-releases-ja/2021/08/19-8/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Asian Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd|via [[Sportdigital]]}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Japan, Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC U-23 Asian Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | Live until 2028<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC U-20 Asian Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC U-17 Asian Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Women's Asian Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC U-20 Women's Asian Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)|FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)]]<br /> | France<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-US/news/soccer/conmebol-world-cup-2026-qualifiers-schedule-kick-off-times-how-to-watch/1twgo95mubgw61n3n5o4k1rcr1|title=CONMEBOL World Cup 2026 qualifiers: Schedule, kick-off times, how to watch|website=dazn.com|date=8 September 2023|language=es|access-date=13 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Copa América|Copa América]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[South American Youth Football Championship|CONMEBOL Sub-20]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Canada, Germany{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|CONCACAF Gold Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)|FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Africa Cup of Nations|Africa Cup of Nations]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Finalissima]]<br /> | Austria, Canada, Germany, Japan, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA Club World Cup]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-signs-landmark-free-to-view-deal-with-fifa-to-exclusively-broadcast-fifa-club-world-cup-2025-globally/|title=DAZN signs landmark free-to-view deal with FIFA to exclusively broadcast FIFA Club World Cup 2025™ globally|website=DAZN Group|date=4 December 2024|access-date=4 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA Intercontinental Cup]]<br /> | Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/es-MX/news/futbol/copa-intercontinental-2024-formato-calendario-partidos-horario-canal-tv-como-ver-online-en-mexico/1gi93k6za08uy1q1muxkv293r2|title=Copa Intercontinental de la FIFA 2024: formato, calendario, partidos, horario, canal, TV y cómo ver en vivo en México|website=DAZN Group|date=18 December 2024|language=es|access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA Women's Champions Cup]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Brazil, China, Ireland, Morocco and United Kingdom)<br /> | In the United States, only the semi-finals will be broadcast<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-secures-broadcast-rights-for-fifa-womens-champions-cup-2026/|title=DAZN Secures Broadcast Rights for FIFA Women’s Champions Cup 2026™|website=DAZN Group|date=15 January 2026|language=en|access-date=26 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Champions League]]<br /> |Canada, Germany, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein|via [[beIN Sports]]}} New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} United States<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Live until 2027<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d82037aaedd-f371c464f919-1000--where-to-watch-the-action/|title=Where to watch the Champions League|website=[[UEFA]]|access-date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-acquires-exclusive-live-broadcast-rights-to-uefa-competitions-in-new-zealand/|title=DAZN ACQUIRES EXCLUSIVE LIVE BROADCAST RIGHTS TO UEFA COMPETITIONS IN NEW ZEALAND|website=DAZN Group|date=6 August 2024|access-date=6 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Europa League]]<br /> |Canada, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} United States<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0255-0e98c81243a0-8146fd07b94a-1000--where-to-watch-the-games/|title=Where to watch the Europa League|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en|access-date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Conference League]]<br /> |Canada, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Super Cup]]<br /> | Canada, Germany, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} New Zealand, Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Live until 2026<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/news/026c-12eeae5255fe-ae892b8e1baa-1000--where-to-watch-the-game/?iv=true|title=Where to watch the UEFA Super Cup: TV broadcast partners, live streams|website=[[UEFA]]|date=11 August 2021|access-date=7 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Youth League]]<br /> |Canada, Germany, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} New Zealand, Portugal, Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Premier League]]<br /> | Andorra, Portugal, Spain<br /> | Live until 2028<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/en/media/broadcasters|title=Premier League broadcast deals for 2025-2028|publisher=[[Premier League]]|access-date=10 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[English Football League]]<br /> | Canada, Japan<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;EFL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.efl.com/how-to-watch/broadcast-partners/|title=Broadcast Partners|publisher=[[English Football League|EFL]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[National League (division)|National League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide (via [[National League (division)|National League TV]])<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Live until 2031<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalleague.org.uk/groundbreaking-deal-announced-with-broadcast-giant-82491|title=Groundbreaking Deal Announced With Broadcast Giants DAZN|website=thenationalleague.org.uk|date=28 July 2024 |access-date=29 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[National League North]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[National League South]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FA Cup]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2028<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2020/jun/23/emirates-fa-cup-quarter-finals-where-to-watch-them-230620|title=WHERE YOU CAN WATCH THIS WEEK'S 2020 EMIRATES FA CUP QUARTER FINALS AROUND THE WORLD|publisher=[[The Football Association|FA]]|access-date=25 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[EFL Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Canada, Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;EFL&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[EFL Trophy]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FA Community Shield]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2027<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[La Liga]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain, Taiwan<br /> | 165 matches per season and some free matches in Spain; Highlights globally<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-ES/operators|title=Broadcasters Liga de Fútbol Profesional|publisher=[[La Liga]]|access-date=24 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Segunda División]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Copa del Rey]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, France,{{efn|name=la}} Germany, Italy, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supercopa de España]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga F]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | Live until 2027<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/primera-divisi%C3%B3n-femenina/dazn-adquiere-derechos-globales-liga-profesional-futbol-femenino/166viph4xqufy1wnust3hzwh8o|title=DAZN ADQUIERE LOS DERECHOS GLOBALES DE LA LIGA PROFESIONAL DE FÚTBOL FEMENINO REFORZANDO SU COMPROMISO CON EL DEPORTE FEMENINO|website=DAZN|date=5 September 2022|access-date=6 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bundesliga]]<br /> | Andorra, Austria, Brazil,{{efn|name=sporty|via SportyNet}} Canada, Germany, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2029 in DACH and Spain; Live until 2028 in Japan; Live until 2027 in Canada; Bundesliga Konferenz and Sunday live matches only for DACH)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-ofrecera-la-bundesliga-en-exclusiva-en-espana-hasta-2029/|title=DAZN OFRECERÁ LA BUNDESLIGA EN EXCLUSIVA EN ESPAÑA HASTA 2029|website=DAZN|date=13 August 2024|language=es|access-date=13 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/de-DE/news/fussball/2-bundesliga-highlights-sehen/g5l3zppx9brf1gsxc25v9r9dq|title=Highlights der Bundesliga und der 2. Bundesliga: So seht Ihr die Höhepunkte in der Saison 2024/25|website=DAZN|date=22 August 2024|language=de|access-date=17 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2. Bundesliga]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain, Switzerland<br /> | highlights only for DACH via [[Bild]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[DFB-Pokal]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Canada, France,{{efn|name=la}} Germany, Japan, Portugal, Switzerland<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Highlights only for DACH<br /> |-<br /> |[[DFL-Supercup]]<br /> |Andorra, Austria, Canada, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Portugal, Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[Frauen-Bundesliga]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Brazil, Canada, Europe (excluding Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Sweden), Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Live until 2027<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-adquiere-los-derechos-en-exclusiva-de-la-bundesliga-femenina-en-mercados-clave/|title=DAZN ADQUIERE LOS DERECHOS EN EXCLUSIVA DE LA BUNDESLIGA FEMENINA EN MERCADOS CLAVE|website=DAZN Group|date=7 June 2023|language=es|access-date=26 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[DFB-Pokal Frauen]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[DFB-Supercup Frauen]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Serie A]]<br /> | Andorra, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States<br /> | Live until 2029 in Italy; Live until 2027 in other countries; Highlights globally excluding MENA<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Serie A&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-adquiere-en-exclusiva-los-derechos-de-la-serie-a-para-espana-hasta-2027/|title=DAZN ADQUIERE EN EXCLUSIVA LOS DERECHOS DE LA SERIE A PARA ESPAÑA HASTA 2027|website=DAZN|date=30 July 2024|language=es|access-date=31 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibc.org/production/news/dazn-secures-rights-to-italys-serie-a-football-in-uk-and-us-markets/22017|title=DAZN secures rights to Italy's Serie A football in UK and US markets|website=ibc.org|date=9 July 2025|language=en|access-date=10 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Serie B]]<br /> | Brazil,{{efn|name=sporty}} Italy<br /> | Live until 2027<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Coppa Italia]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,{{efn|name=sporty}} France, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States<br /> | Live until 2027; Highlights globally excluding MENA<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;Serie A&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supercoppa Italiana]]<br /> | Live until 2026; Highlights globally excluding MENA<br /> |-<br /> |Campionato Nazionale Under-17 Serie C<br /> | Italy<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.figc.it/it/giovani/news/under-17-serie-c-renate-ancona-tricolore-in-palio-marted%C3%AC-alle-20-la-finale-in-diretta-su-dazn-e-vivo-azzurro-tv/|title=Under 17 Serie C, Renate-Ancona tricolore in palio: martedì alle 20 la finale in diretta su DAZN e Vivo Azzurro TV|website=FIGC|date=19 June 2024|language=it|access-date=19 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Serie A Femminile]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, United States and other global territories<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-refuerza-su-compromiso-con-el-futbol-femenino-y-seguira-ofreciendo-la-serie-a-femminile-ebay-durante-tres-temporadas/|title=DAZN REFUERZA SU COMPROMISO CON EL FÚTBOL FEMENINO Y SEGUIRÁ OFRECIENDO LA SERIE A FEMMINILE eBay DURANTE TRES TEMPORADAS|website=DAZN|date=1 October 2024|language=es|access-date=17 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Coppa Italia Femminile]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supercoppa Italiana (women)|Supercoppa Femminile]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ligue 1]]<br /> | Austria, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2029 in France &amp; Japan; 8 matches per matchweek in France<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;L1 JP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/0731-2/|title=DAZNでの「リーグ・アン」2028/29シーズンまで独占配信が決定！|website=dazngroup.com|date=31 July 2024|language=ja|access-date=31 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ligue 2]]<br /> | Austria, Brazil,{{efn|name=sporty}} Germany, Switzerland<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Coupe de France]]<br /> | Brazil,{{efn|name=sporty}} Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and selected asian countries<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/coupe-de-france-shown-in-125-territories-in-mix-of-direct-and-agency-brokered-deals/|title=Coupe de France shown in 125 territories in mix of direct and agency-brokered deals|website=SportBusiness|date=6 January 2023|access-date=14 February 2023|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-TH/news/soccer/2022-23-coupe-de-france-semi-finals-schedule-live-streams-and-how-to-watch-french-cup-matches-on-dazn/z4m2ys1k0cm81j357jhdu6klc|title=2022-23 COUPE DE FRANCE SEMI-FINALS: SCHEDULE, LIVE STREAMS AND HOW TO WATCH FRENCH CUP MATCHES ON DAZN|website=DAZN|date=4 April 2023|access-date=12 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Trophée des Champions]]<br /> | Austria, France,{{efn|name=L1+|via Ligue 1+}} Germany, Japan, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2028 in France &amp; Japan<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;L1 JP&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Division 1 Féminine]]<br /> | Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, United Kingdom, United States<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;FFF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-adquiere-los-derechos-de-la-d1-arkema-la-maxima-categoria-del-futbol-femenino-frances/|title=DAZN ADQUIERE LOS DERECHOS DE LA D1 ARKEMA, LA MÁXIMA CATEGORÍA DEL FÚTBOL FEMENINO FRANCÉS|website=dazngroup.com|date=14 September 2023|language=en|access-date=14 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Coupe de France Féminine]]<br /> | Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and selected asian countries<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Trophée des Championnes]]<br /> | Austria, France,{{efn|name=L1+}} Germany, Ireland, Spain, United Kingdom, United States<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;FFF&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Primeira Liga]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2026<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/it-IT/news/primeira-liga/su-dazn-la-liga-portugal-betclic/1mcm3w546bbth19m15upnnsr1g|title=SU DAZN LA LIGA PORTUGAL BETCLIC|website=DAZN|date=10 August 2023|access-date=10 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga Portugal 2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Japan<br /> | only [[Oliveirense]] matches<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abola.pt/nnh/2023-08-12/jogos-da-oliveirense-na-liga-2-transmitidos-no-japao/1000193|title=Jogos da Oliveirense na Liga 2 transmitidos no Japão|date=12 August 2023|language=pt-pt|access-date=12 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Nacional Feminino]]<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/0929/3|title=欧州女子サッカーをDAZNで！ イングランド「FA女子スーパーリーグ」＆イタリア「セリエA女子」を含む主要リーグを配信|date=1 October 2023|language=ja|access-date=14 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Eredivisie]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} France, Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Portugal, Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Live in Portugal until 2030<br /> |rowspan=&quot;13&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |[[KNVB Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Johan Cruyff Shield]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belgian Pro League]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Challenger Pro League]]<br /> | Belgium<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belgian Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belgian Super Cup|Pro League Supercup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belgian Women's Super League]]<br /> | Belgium<br /> |-<br /> |[[Scottish Premiership]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Belgium, Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Scottish League Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ekstraklasa]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Czech First League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Turkish Super Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Premiership (Northern Ireland)|Premiership Women]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Live until 2027<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-to-become-the-global-exclusive-broadcast-partner-of-the-northern-irish-womens-premiership/|title=DAZN TO BECOME THE GLOBAL EXCLUSIVE BROADCAST PARTNER OF THE NORTHERN IRISH WOMEN'S PREMIERSHIP|website=DAZN|date=1 May 2024|access-date=3 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[NIFL Women's Premiership League Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Super League Greece]]<br /> | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Champions League Elite]]<br /> | Japan<br /> | Live until 2028<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.dazn.com/ja/press-releases-ja/2021/06/18-11/|title=アジア最強クラブを決める戦い さらなる日本サッカーの強化・発展に向けた新コンテンツ！ AFCチャンピオンズリーグ 独占放映権獲得 2021年より８シーズンの独占契約を締結|date=18 June 2021|language=ja-jp|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618040208/https://media.dazn.com/ja/press-releases-ja/2021/06/18-11/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Champions League Two]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Japan, Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> | Live until 2028 in Japan<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;AFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[J1 League]]<br /> | Live until 2033 in Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[J2 League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Live until 2033<br /> |-<br /> |[[J3 League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[WE League]]<br /> | Live until 2028<br /> |-<br /> |[[A-League Men]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[Saudi Pro League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, United Kingdom<br /> | Highlights globally<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GLOBAL/news/soccer/dazn-to-broadcast-roshn-saudi-league-matches-in-select-territories/1bafbcwhufe2j1glxrguwn8e7d|title=DAZN TO BROADCAST ROSHN SAUDI LEAGUE MATCHES IN SELECT TERRITORIES|website=DAZN|date=9 August 2023|access-date=9 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Saudi Super Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;14&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[U-20 Copa Libertadores|CONMEBOL Libertadores Sub-20]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Brasileirão Série A]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série B|Brasileirão Série B]]<br /> | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série C|Brasileirão Série C]]<br /> | Brazil<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbf.com.br/futebol-brasileiro/noticias/campeonato-brasileiro-serie-c/cbf-e-dazn-acertam-transmissao-da-serie-c-2019|title=CBF e DAZN acertam transmissão da Série C 2019|website=CBF|language=pt-BR|access-date=26 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Brasiliense]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Mato-Grossense]]<br /> |-<br /> |Copa do Nordeste Under-20<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Mineiro de Futebol Feminino|Campeonato Mineiro Feminino]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Gaúcho de Futebol Feminino|Campeonato Gaúcho Feminino]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Campeonato Pernambucano de Futebol Feminino|Campeonato Pernambucano Feminino]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Argentine Primera División]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Copa de la Liga Profesional]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Copa Argentina]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Major League Soccer]]<br /> | Only [[Sunday Night Soccer]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[USL Super League]]<br /> | Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Japan, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslsuperleague.com/news/2024/08/16/where-to-watch-the-usl-super-league/|title=Fans around the world can see every USL Super League match through an wide network of broadcast platforms|website=USL Super League|date=16 August 2024|access-date=17 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga MX]]<br /> | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[CAF Super Cup]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Middle East and North Africa)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====3x3 Basketball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Big3|BIG3]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====American football====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[National Football League]]<br /> | Worldwide (via [[NFL Game Pass International]]; except China and United States)<br /> | [[List of current National Football League broadcasters#International broadcasters|Co-distribute]] in Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GLOBAL/news/american-football/dazn-and-nfl-sign-long-term-global-deal-from-2023-season/7azf7nio2pm11mvim1ypoi711#:~:text=NFL-,DAZN%20and%20NFL%20sign%20long%2Dterm%20global%20Game,International%20deal%20from%202023%20season&amp;text=NFL%20Game%20Pass%20International%20provides,on%20package%20within%20DAZN's%20app.|title=DAZN AND NFL SIGN LONG-TERM GLOBAL GAME PASS INTERNATIONAL DEAL FROM 2023 SEASON|website=DAZN|date=7 February 2023|access-date=18 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[College football|NCAA]]<br /> |Rights to ESPN CFB in Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, MENA (Middle East and North Africa), Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and UK<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;dazngroup.com&quot;&gt;[https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-reaches-agreement-with-espn-for-u-s-college-football-and-basketball-rights-in-selected-territories-in-europe-and-mena/ DAZN reaches agreement with ESPN for US College Football and Basketball Rights]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[European League of Football]]<br /> | Worldwide (via [[ELF Game Pass]])<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-and-dazn-agree-multi-year-global-broadcast-deal-2905|title=ELF and DAZN agree multi-year global broadcast deal|website=europeanleague.football|date=30 January 2025|language=en|access-date=31 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[A7FL]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.a7fl.com/2023/03/23/american-7s-football-league-announces-multi-year-partnership-with-dazn/|title=American 7s Football League® Announces Multi-Year Partnership with DAZN|website=A7FL|date=23 March 2023|access-date=23 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[United Football League (2024)|UFL]]<br /> |Asia (except China), Latin America, Middle East and North Africa and Western Europe (except Spain)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-united-football-league-agree-to-global-broadcast-deal/|title=DAZN and United Football League Agree to Global Broadcast Deal|website=DAZN|date=1 April 2025|access-date=3 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's National Football Conference]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wnfcfootball.com/news/wnfc-strikes-game-of-the-week-deal-with-dazn-europe-s-biggest-digital-sports-broadcaster|title=WNFC Strikes Game of The Week Deal with Dazn, Europe's Biggest Digital Sports Broadcaster|website=WNFC Football|date=30 March 2023|access-date=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | OT7<br /> | Worldwide (via [[NFL Network]]; except China and United States)<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Big Ten Conference]]<br /> |Worldwide (except United States). Games originally broadcast by NBC or Peacock in the USA not available in the Caribbean Basin. Games originally broadcast by CBS in the USA not available in Bermuda.<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref name=dazncfb&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-secures-international-multi-year-u-s-college-sports-rights-with-big-ten-conference-and-fox-sports-deal/|title=DAZN Secures International Multi-Year U.S. College Sports Rights with Big Ten Conference and FOX Sports Deal|website=DAZN|access-date=10 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Big 12 Conference]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide (except United States and Latin America)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Only games originally broadcast by [[Fox Sports (United States)|Fox Sports]] in US<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mountain West Conference]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Aquatic sports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[F1H2O|F1H2O World Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/h2o-racing-and-dazn-announce-global-broadcast-partnership/|title=H2O RACING AND DAZN ANNOUNCE GLOBAL BROADCAST PARTNERSHIP|website=DAZN Group|date=22 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Aquabike World Championship]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Archery====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Archery Federation]]<br /> | Taiwan<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Athletics====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Athlos]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |RunGP<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/rungp-announces-first-team-for-inaugural-event-to-be-broadcast-by-dazn-globally-for-free/|title=RunGP Announces First Team for Inaugural Event to be Broadcast by DAZN Globally, for Free|website=DAZN|date=7 April 2025|access-date=7 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Baseball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[WBSC Premier12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide (excluding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Moldova, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;WBSC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbsc.org/en/news/dazn-and-wbsc-announce-global-distribution-partnership|title=DAZN and WBSC announce Global Distribution Partnership|website=World Baseball Classic|date=23 October 2024|access-date=23 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Baseball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nippon Professional Baseball]]<br /> | Japan, Taiwan<br /> | except [[Hiroshima Toyo Carp]] home matches in Japan, and [[Central League]] home matches in Taiwan.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://full-count.jp/2020/02/21/post696456/|title=球春到来！ 2020年のプロ野球オープン戦が開幕、中継予定・視聴方法を詳しく解説|date=21 February 2020|language=ja|access-date=22 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chinese Professional Baseball League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Taiwan<br /> |Home games in regular season, playoff series and [[Taiwan Series]], except [[TSG Hawks|Hawks']]. Responsible for productions of [[Rakuten Monkeys|Monkeys']] home games telecasts.<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Asia Winter Baseball League|Asia Winter League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Japan Winter League<br /> | Japan<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Baseball5====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Baseball5 World Cup]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Moldova, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan)<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;WBSC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Basketball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIBA Basketball World Cup]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;22&quot; | Worldwide (via [[Courtside 1891]]; except China and Middle East &amp; North Africa)<br /> | Local TV broadcaster in Italy, Japan<br /> | rowspan=&quot;22&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-deepens-basketball-offer-with-fiba-courtside-1891/|title=DAZN DEEPENS BASKETBALL OFFER WITH GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION DEAL FOR FIBA'S COURTSIDE 1891 PRODUCT|language=en|access-date=16 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification|FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Local TV broadcaster in Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroBasket 2025|EuroBasket]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroBasket 2025 qualification|EuroBasket qualification]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Asia Cup|FIBA Asia Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification|FIBA Asia Cup qualification]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA AmeriCup|FIBA AmeriCup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA AmeriCup qualification|FIBA AmeriCup qualification]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIBA AfroBasket 2025|AfroBasket]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[AfroBasket 2025 qualification|AfroBasket qualification]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments|FIBA Men's Olympic Qualifying]]<br /> | Local TV broadcaster in Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup|FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup|FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFA Women's World Cup qualification|FIBA Women's World Cup Qualification]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroBasket Women 2025|EuroBasket Women]]<br /> | Local TV broadcaster in Italy, Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Women's Asia Cup|FIBA Women's Asia Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Women's AmeriCup|FIBA Women's AmeriCup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Women's Afrobasket|AfroBasket Women]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments|FIBA Women's Olympic Qualifying]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup|FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 FIBA Under-17 Women's Basketball World Cup|FIBA Under-17 Women's Basketball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[NBA]]<br /> | Andorra, Belgium, Luxembourg and Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://media.sportbusiness.com/2023/11/nba-fees-slightly-down-in-dach-through-dazn-and-prosiebensat-1-deals/|publisher=SportBusiness|title=NBA fees slightly down in DACH through DAZN and ProSiebenSat.1 deals|date=13 November 2023|access-date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[WNBA]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Germany (via [[NBA TV]])<br /> |-<br /> |[[NBA G League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[College basketball|NCAA]]<br /> | Rights to ESPN CBB in Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, MENA (Middle East and North Africa), Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and UK<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;dazngroup.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Big Ten Conference]]<br /> | Worldwide (except United States). Games originally broadcast by NBC or Peacock in the USA not available in the Caribbean Basin. Games originally broadcast by CBS in the USA not available in Bermuda.<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref name=dazncfb/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Big 12 Conference]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide (except United States and Latin America)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Only games originally broadcast by [[Fox Sports (United States)|Fox Sports]] in US<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mountain West Conference]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroLeague]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Italy<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroCup Basketball|EuroCup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Basketball Champions League]]<br /> | Worldwide (via [[Courtside 1891]]; except China and Middle East &amp; North Africa)<br /> | Local TV broadcaster in France, Italy<br /> |-<br /> |[[EuroLeague Women]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-euroleague-women-partner-to-lead-growth-of-womens-basketball/|title=DAZN and EuroLeague Women partner to lead growth of women's basketball|website=dazngroup.com|date=19 November 2024|language=en|access-date=19 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga ACB]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, MENA (Middle East and North Africa), Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, United States and Taiwan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | starting from the 2026/27 season, in Germany and Austria<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-to-exclusively-broadcast-acb-competitions-for-the-next-five-years/|title=DAZN to Exclusively Broadcast acb Competitions For the Next Five Years|website=dazngroup.com|date=4 September 2025|language=en|access-date=4 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Copa del Rey de Baloncesto|Copa del Rey]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supercopa de España de Baloncesto|Supercopa de España]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[LNB Élite]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Australia, Austria, Belgium, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, MENA, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Live until 2029<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-continues-investment-in-france-with-exclusive-elite-basketball-rights/|title=DAZN CONTINUES INVESTMENT IN FRANCE WITH EXCLUSIVE ELITE BASKETBALL RIGHTS|website=dazngroup.com|date=4 July 2024|language=en|access-date=4 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[LNB Pro A Leaders Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Super League Basketball]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-acquires-exclusive-global-broadcasting-rights-to-super-league-basketball/|title=DAZN Acquires Exclusive Global Broadcasting Rights to Super League Basketball|website=DAZN Group|date=23 September 2024|access-date=24 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga Portuguesa de Basquetebol]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Portugal<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-e-fpb-anunciam-parceria-para-a-transmissao-das-ligas-betclic/|title=DAZN E FPB ANUNCIAM PARCERIA PARA A TRANSMISSÃO DAS LIGAS BETCLIC|website=DAZN Group|date=27 September 2024|access-date=28 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga Feminina de Basquetebol]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[East Asia Super League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide (via [[Courtside 1891]]; except China and Middle East &amp; North Africa)<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[B.League|B1 League]]<br /> | Official broadcaster of all games in Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/0423-2/|title=DAZN、バスケ沼に本気参戦。B.LEAGUE B1・B2全試合「推し活」できるってよ！「B.LEAGUE」がDAZNで本格TIP OFF！ B.LEAGUE 2025-26 SEASONより3シーズンB1・B2全試合ライブ配信|website=DAZN Group|date=23 April 2025|language=ja|access-date=27 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[B.League|B2 League]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Taiwan Professional Basketball League]]<br /> | Taiwan<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Beach soccer====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |Serie A<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Italy<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=3|<br /> |-<br /> |Coppa Italia<br /> |-<br /> |Supercoppa Italiana<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Chess====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Champions Chess Tour 2023|Champions Chess Tour]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GLOBAL/news/chess/how-to-watch-the-champions-chess-tour-2023-chesskid-live-on-dazn/1sy4n8tczhyev1bi4noc18lq8w|title=HOW TO WATCH THE CHAMPIONS CHESS TOUR 2023 CHESSKID LIVE ON DAZN|website=DAZN|date=22 May 2023|access-date=22 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Global Chess League ([[Global Chess League 2023|2023]], [[Global Chess League 2024|2024]])<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-BR/news/chess/how-to-watch-the-global-chess-league-live-on-dazn/14gkf7vbc47xx1hnziorhmiust|title=HOW TO WATCH THE GLOBAL CHESS LEAGUE LIVE ON DAZN|website=dazn.com|date=22 June 2023|language=en|access-date=22 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite instagram|postid=DFxgpoosKEA|title=The Freestyle Chess Grand Slam Tour is here!|user=daznsport|date=7 February 2025|access-date=5 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bullet Chess Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Speed Chess Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Speed Chess Championship]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Combat sports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[UFC]]<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain{{efn|name=euro|via [[Eurosport]]}}<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Golden Boy Promotions]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Some cards could be blocked in certain regions<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/canelo-alvarez--golden-boy-promotions-sign-historic-five-year-partnership-with-global-sports-streaming-leader-dazn-300732482.html|title=Canelo Alvarez &amp; Golden Boy Promotions Sign Historic Five-Year Partnership With Global Sports Streaming Leader DAZN|website=PR News Wirr|access-date=18 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;combat rights&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/peebles-to-leave-as-dazn-readies-for-southeast-asia-launch/|title=Peebles to leave as DAZN readies Southeast Asia launch|website=Sport Business|date=15 April 2020|access-date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Matchroom Boxing]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://media.dazn.com/en-us/press-releases-us/2018/05/matchroom-boxing-perform-group-seal-boxings-first-billion-dollar-deal/|title=MATCHROOM BOXING AND PERFORM GROUP SEAL BOXING'S FIRST BILLION DOLLAR DEAL|work=DAZN Media Centre |publisher=Perform Group|date=10 May 2018|access-date=10 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;combat rights&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Misfits Boxing]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;71&quot; |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Boxing Super Series]]<br /> | Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} United States<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://media.dazn.com/ca/press-releases-ca/2018/08/dazn-brings-the-quest-for-the-muhammad-ali-trophy-to-canada/|title=DAZN BRINGS THE QUEST FOR THE MUHAMMAD ALI TROPHY TO CANADA|publisher=Perform Group|date=15 August 2018|access-date=15 August 2018|archive-date=4 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185841/https://media.dazn.com/ca/press-releases-ca/2018/08/dazn-brings-the-quest-for-the-muhammad-ali-trophy-to-canada/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Sambo Championships]]<br /> | Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Brave Combat Federation]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Russia)<br /> |-<br /> |[[Cage Warriors]]<br /> | Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |Superfights Kickboxing<br /> | Brazil, Italy, Spain<br /> |-<br /> |[[Professional Fighters League|PFL Global]]<br /> | Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macau, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Saint Martin, Samoa, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, St. Pierre &amp; Miquelon, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Vietnam <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-BR/news/mma/professional-fighters-league-forms-joint-venture-with-dazn-for-pfl-europe-in-2023/hzylzv6nftug1jsq624tug7oo|title=HOW TO WATCH PFL AND PFL EUROPE ON DAZN: FULL LIST OF COUNTRIES|website=DAZN|date=22 March 2023|access-date=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Professional Fighters League|PFL Europe]]<br /> | Albania, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bonaire, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Malta, Martinique, Mexico, Mongolia, Montserrat, Myanmar, [[Navassa Island]], Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, [[Nueva Esparta]], Poland, Portugal, [[Saba (island)|Saba]], [[San Andres and Providencia]], Saint Barthelemy, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, United Kingdom, US Virgin Islands, Uzbekistan<br /> |-<br /> |Naciones MMA<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/mma/dazn-adquiere-los-derechos-de-naciones-mma/9j24l3wq1fag1lxk9gt226jl8|title=DAZN ADQUIERE LOS DERECHOS DE NACIONES MMA|website=DAZN|date=15 July 2022 |language=es|access-date=16 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Ansgar Fighting League<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=dazngroup|author=DAZN|number=1572612100702507008|title=As the global home of fight sports, DAZN welcomes another exciting #MMA promotion to our global portfolio - exclusive global broadcast rights to @AFLMMASPAIN. This multi-year agreement will bring the best MMA from Spain to DAZN subscribers domestically and worldwide💥|date=21 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[King of Kings (kickboxing)|King of Kings]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide (excluding Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Prime Fight&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kokfights.com/dazn-agrees-deal-with-prime-fight-to-broadcast-king-of-kings-kok-mma-bushido-and-dream-boxing/|title=DAZN AGREES DEAL WITH PRIME FIGHT TO BROADCAST KING OF KINGS (KOK), MMA BUSHIDO AND DREAM BOXING|website=King of Kings|date=30 September 2022|access-date=30 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MUAY/KOK&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.fightsports.tv/dazn-now-with-european-kickboxing-and-muay-thai/ | title=DAZN Now with European Kickboxing and Muay Thai | date=3 October 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Lithuania Bushido Federation|Bushido MMA]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;Prime Fight&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Dream Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Red Owl Boxing<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.redowlboxing.com/red-owl-boxing-dazn/|title=Red Owl Boxing Partners With DAZN in Exclusive Global Broadcast Deal|website=Red Owl Boxing|date=26 November 2022|access-date=26 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Overtime (sports network)|Overtime Boxing]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-US/news/boxing/overtime-launches-overtime-boxing-with-dazn-as-exclusive-media-rights-partner/aah0kss6wnd11czx4s6uppqyc|title=OVERTIME LAUNCHES OVERTIME BOXING (OTX) WITH DAZN AS EXCLUSIVE MEDIA RIGHTS PARTNER|website=DAZN|date=21 February 2023|access-date=22 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Oktagon MMA<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-BR/news/mma/oktagon-mma-sign-broadcasting-deal-with-global-platform-dazn/gesmb7iefcu1nv1icgv33fbz|title=OKTAGON MMA SIGN BROADCASTING DEAL WITH GLOBAL PLATFORM DAZN|website=DAZN|date=2 March 2023|access-date=2 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Wasserman Boxing]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Ireland, Latin America, South Africa, United Kingdom)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nosmokesport.com/eubank-vs-uruzquieta-fight-date-time-tv-channel/|title=Eubank vs Uruzquieta Fight Date, Time, TV Channel, Undercard, Tickets|website=nosmokesport.com|date=28 March 2023|language=en|access-date=28 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Most Valuable Prospects<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bigfightweekend.com/news/most-valuable-promotions-dazn-announce-prospect-boxing-series/|title=Most Valuable Promotions &amp; DAZN Announce Prospect Boxing Series|website=Bug Fight Weekend|date=27 April 2023|access-date=1 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Fight Clubbing<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|user=Fight_Clubbing|number=1656002662943293441|title=È con immenso orgoglio che annunciamo il lancio del circuito #FightClubbing sulla miglior piattaforma di streaming al mondo: #DAZN global, con diretta di tutti i prossimi nostri eventi in mondo visione a partire dalla 31ª edizione di sabato 20 maggio 2023.|date=9 May 2023|language=it|access-date=11 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Rajadamnern World Series<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GB/news/mma/dazn-to-air-rajadamnern-world-series-muay-thai-starting-with-kota-miura-vs-joker-fight-club/1upbisv361j7a1no3jlsxc4set|title=DAZN TO AIR RAJADAMNERN WORLD SERIES MUAY THAI, STARTING WITH KOTA MIURA VS. JOKER FIGHT CLUB|website=DAZN|date=15 June 2023|access-date=16 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[ONE Championship]]<br /> | Italy<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Tasman Fighters<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/boxing/news/dazn-australia-tasman-fighters-broadcast-deal/rdijo4jpuriztmf6bkad2hm8|title=DAZN Australia: Tasman Fighters partner with streaming platform as Aussie expansion continues|website=Sporting News|date=5 July 2023|access-date=8 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Kingpyn Boxing<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Brazil)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-BR/news/boxing/king-kenny-vs-whindersson-nunes-date-start-time-tv-channel-and-live-stream-for-kingpyn-semi-finals/bqsk20u0tggt1ao5rjxkb7o6k|title=KING KENNY VS. WHINDERSSON NUNES: DATE, START TIME, TV CHANNEL AND LIVE STREAM FOR KINGPYN SEMI-FINALS|website=DAZN|date=7 July 2023|access-date=8 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Miura Boxing<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Mexico)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |Westside Promotions<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |-<br /> |Broadway Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Federazione Pugilistica Italiana<br /> | Italy<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fpi.it/news/pro-boxe/16415-tanta-boxe-con-pugili-italiani-su-dazn-tra-novembre-e-dicembre-corri-ad-abbonarti-con-la-promo-dazn-start-fpi.html|title=Tanta Boxe con Pugili Italiani su Dazn tra Novembre e Dicembre - Corri ad Abbonarti con la Promo DAZN Start/FPI|website=fpi.it|date=7 November 2023|language=it|access-date=7 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Glory (kickboxing)|Glory]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://glorykickboxing.com/news/last-heavyweight-standing-goes-global-as-glory-partners-with-dazn|title=GLORY Goes Global with DAZN Broadcast Deal|website=Glory Kickboxing|date=19 March 2025|access-date=21 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bellator MMA]]<br /> | Europe<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellator.com/article/Professional-Fighters-Leagues-Launches-New-Bellator-MMA-Champions-Series|title=PROFESSIONAL FIGHTERS LEAGUE LAUNCHES NEW BELLATOR MMA CHAMPIONS SERIES FOLLOWING MAJOR ACQUISITION|website=Bellator|date=5 February 2024|access-date=20 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Salita Promotions<br /> |rowspan=&quot;42&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Conlan Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |GBM Sports<br /> |-<br /> |MarvNation Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Team Combat League<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nyfights.com/news/team-combat-league-gets-boost-from-dazn-deal/|title=Team Combat League Gets Boost From DAZN Deal|website=New York Fights|date=20 June 2024|access-date=20 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Boxing Insider Promotions<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Top Tier Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Blockone Sports<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bare Knuckle Fighting Championship]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GB/news/cricket/dazn-to-broadcast-ipl-in-the-uk-and-ireland/c99sei6ptlmy1l605deyf0ncq|title=DAZN Y BKFC CIERRAN UN ACUERDO GLOBAL Y EXCLUSIVO PARA LOS PRÓXIMOS TRES AÑOS|website=DAZN|date=14 September 2024|language=es|access-date=20 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Kings Corner<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Boxing 5<br /> |-<br /> |Platform Sports<br /> |-<br /> |Warrior Ascent Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Champion Spirit<br /> |-<br /> |Queensberry Promotions<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-queensberry-promotions-announce-historic-global-media-rights-deal/|title=DAZN AND QUEENSBERRY PROMOTIONS ANNOUNCE HISTORIC GLOBAL MEDIA RIGHTS DEAL|website=DAZN|date=3 November 2024|language=es|access-date=4 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Huge Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hexagone MMA]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/hexagone-mma-frances-premier-european-brand-partners-with-global-leading-sports-entertainment-platform-dazn-to-unveil-2025-season/|title=Hexagone MMA, France's Premier European Brand, Partners With Global Leading Sports Entertainment Platform DAZN to Unveil 2025 Season|website=DAZN|date=3 February 2025|access-date=4 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Groupe Yvon Michel<br /> |rowspan=&quot;25&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Kings Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Indian Pro Boxing League<br /> |-<br /> |Beatdown Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Boxlab Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Muay Thai GP<br /> |-<br /> |Paco Presents Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Boxing Grand Prix<br /> |-<br /> |Fighting Championship Events<br /> |-<br /> |Legacy Boxing Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Amir Khan Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |PetrosyanMania<br /> |-<br /> |Nolah Bros Boxing Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Universum Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Top Boxing Generation<br /> |-<br /> |IBA Pro<br /> |-<br /> |Ring Magazine Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Ringside Zone<br /> |-<br /> |Supernova Strikers<br /> |-<br /> |Primetime Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Grand Sumo Tournament<br /> |-<br /> |Showstar Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Social Gloves<br /> |-<br /> |PWR Box Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |Trilogy Promotions<br /> |-<br /> |3x Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |10Fight10<br /> |-<br /> |Alpha Fight Series<br /> |-<br /> |Boxing Influencers<br /> |-<br /> |Byon Combat<br /> |-<br /> |Celebrity Net Fights<br /> |-<br /> |Creator Clash<br /> |-<br /> |Creator Fight League<br /> |-<br /> |Crypto Fight Night<br /> |-<br /> |Fight Night<br /> |-<br /> |DKM Plush<br /> |-<br /> |DTR Fight<br /> |-<br /> |EFC/Hype Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |Fame Fighting<br /> |-<br /> |Global Boxing Series<br /> |-<br /> |HSS<br /> |-<br /> |ICS<br /> |-<br /> |Idol Fight<br /> |-<br /> |Influencer Fight League<br /> |-<br /> |La Velada<br /> |-<br /> |MVP<br /> |-<br /> |OP Talent<br /> |-<br /> |Parence de Manos<br /> |-<br /> |Rough N' Rowdy<br /> |-<br /> |Social Knockout<br /> |-<br /> |Stream Fighters<br /> |-<br /> |Superstar Knockout<br /> |-<br /> |Thunderbolt Boxing<br /> |-<br /> |UCC<br /> |-<br /> |Wicked N' Bad<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Cricket====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indian Premier League]]<br /> | Ireland, United Kingdom<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GB/news/cricket/dazn-to-broadcast-ipl-in-the-uk-and-ireland/c99sei6ptlmy1l605deyf0ncq|title=DAZN TO BROADCAST IPL IN THE UK AND IRELAND|website=DAZN|date=24 March 2023|access-date=24 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Caribbean Premier League]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Women's Caribbean Premier League|Women's Caribbean Premier League]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====CrossFit====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[CrossFit Games]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Cue sports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association|World Snooker]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Canada, Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland,{{efn|name=euro}} United States<br /> | [[World Snooker Championship]] only for Austria, Germany and Switzerland<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Championship League|Championship League Snooker]]<br /> | Brazil, Canada, Italy, Spain, United States<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Champion of Champions (snooker)|Champion of Champions]]<br /> | Germany<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Snooker Championship (Riyadh)|Riyadh Season Snooker Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 World Masters of Snooker|World Masters of Snooker]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wst.tv/news/2024/march/03/dazn-to-broadcast-riyadh-season-world-masters-of-snooker-worldwide/|title=DAZN TO BROADCAST RIYADH SEASON WORLD MASTERS OF SNOOKER WORLDWIDE|website=wst.tv|date=3 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Cycling====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[UCI World Tour]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=2|<br /> |-<br /> |[[Union Européenne de Cyclisme]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Darts====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Professional Darts Corporation]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pdc.tv/about-pdc/darts-tv|title=Darts on TV|website=Professional Darts Corp.|access-date=19 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Equestrian sports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Global Champions Tour]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide (excluding Czechia, LATAM (ex. Brazil), Middle East and North Africa, Sweden, Slovakia and United States)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-to-broadcast-longines-global-champions-tour-and-global-champions-league//|title=DAZN to Broadcast Longines Global Champions Tour and Global Champions League|website=DAZN Group|date=27 March 2025|language=ja|access-date=28 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Global Champions League<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====eSports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[BLAST Premier]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blastpremier.com/news/blast-premier-expands-global-reach-with-dazn/|title=BLAST PREMIER EXPANDS GLOBAL REACH WITH DAZN MEDIA RIGHTS PARTNERSHIP|date=13 June 2022|access-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605195306/https://blastpremier.com/news/blast-premier-expands-global-reach-with-dazn/|archive-date=5 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source needed|date=August 2023}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIFAe World Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Champions League|eChampions League]]<br /> | Austria, Canada, Germany<br /> |-<br /> |[[La Liga|eLaLiga]]<br /> | Spain<br /> |-<br /> |[[Belgian Pro League|ePro League]]<br /> | Belgium<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Esports World Cup|Esports World Cup]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-esports-world-cup-foundation-strike-global-partnership/|title=DAZN AND ESPORTS WORLD CUP FOUNDATION STRIKE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP|date=27 June 2024|access-date=29 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |TGX Battles<br /> | Japan<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/1024-2/|title=DAZNがTGX GOLFと新時代のゴルフ視聴体験をお届け 「第1回TGXバトルズ」を独占無料配信！ 松山英樹選手、アダム・スコット選手が対決！|website=dazn.com|date=24 October 2024|language=ja|access-date=24 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Gran Turismo World Series]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Field hockey====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Men's FIH Hockey World Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's FIH Hockey World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Men's FIH Pro League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, Germany, Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fihproleague.com/men/fans|title=FIH Pro League|website=www.fihproleague.com|language=en|access-date=26 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's FIH Pro League]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fihproleague.com/women/fans|title=FIH Pro League|website=FIH Pro League|access-date=26 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Men's EuroHockey Championship|Men's EuroHockey Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Belgium, Luxembourg<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eurohockey.org/where-to-watch-the-eurohockey-championships-2025|title=Where to watch the EuroHockey Championships 2025|website=eurohockey.org|date=5 August 2025|language=en|access-date=16 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025 Women's EuroHockey Championship|Women's EuroHockey Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Euro Hockey League]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ehlhockey.tv/news/ehl-ko16-broadcast-schedule-watch-worlds-best-club-hockey/|title=The EHL KO16 Broadcast Schedule - where to watch the world's best club hockey|website=EHL|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221090545/https://ehlhockey.tv/news/ehl-ko16-broadcast-schedule-watch-worlds-best-club-hockey/|archive-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Fishing====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Matchroom Sport|Fish'O'Mania]]<br /> | Austria, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, United States<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Five-a-side football====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 FIFA Futsal World Cup qualification (UEFA)|FIFA Futsal World Cup qualification (UEFA)]]<br /> | Germany<br /> |rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;DFB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/heimspiele-in-der-eliterunde-live-auf-dazn-254807/|title=HEIMSPIELE IN DER ELITERUNDE LIVE AUF DAZN|website=DFB|date=13 September 2023|language=de|access-date=13 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Futsal Asian Cup]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=sd}} Germany,{{efn|name=sd}} Japan, Switzerland{{efn|name=sd}}<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;AFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Intercontinental Futsal Cup]]<br /> | Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-emitira-gratis-la-final-de-la-copa-intercontinental-de-futbol-sala-este-sabado/|title=DAZN EMITIRÁ GRATIS LA FINAL DE LA COPA INTERCONTINENTAL DE FÚTBOL SALA ESTE SÁBADO|website=DAZN|date=30 October 2024|language=es|access-date=2 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[UEFA Futsal Champions League]]<br /> | Portugal, Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefafutsalchampionsleague/news/0280-17dc23e4b7ff-3acf5fc052f2-1000--where-to-watch-the-finals/|title=Where to watch the UEFA Futsal Champions League finals|date=1 May 2024|access-date=3 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Futsal-Bundesliga]]<br /> | Germany<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;DFB&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[AFC Futsal Club Championship]]<br /> | Japan<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;AFC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Copa do Nordeste de Futsal<br /> | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[World Sevens Football]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-agrees-global-media-partnership-with-next-gen-world-sevens-football-series/|title=DAZN Agrees Global Media Partnership With Next-Gen World Sevens Football Series|website=DAZN|date=21 March 2025|access-date=21 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Supercopa de Futsal Feminino<br /> | Brazil{{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Soccer7sSeries<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-emitira-gratis-a-nivel-global-el-torneo-soccer7sseries/|title=DAZN emitirá gratis a nivel global el torneo Soccer7sSeries|website=DAZN|date=23 July 2025|access-date=1 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Golf====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[PGA Tour]]<br /> | Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Middle East &amp; North Africa (via PGA Tour Pass), and Southeast Asia (via [[PGA Tour Pass]])<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;PGA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-CA/news/golf/dazn-set-to-launch-pga-tour-pass-and-new-pga-tour-fast-channel/5e0xiaoxe40h1wsgkbfx0db7s|title=DAZN set to launch PGA Tour Pass and new PGA Tour Fast channel|website=DAZN|date=20 March 2024 |access-date=26 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[PGA Championship]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |[[DP World Tour]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Japan, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[LPGA]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> |-<br /> |[[JLPGA]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[LIV Golf]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-liv-golf-announce-multi-year-global-free-to-air-broadcast-deal/|title=DAZN and LIV Golf Announce Multi-Year, Global Free-To-Air Broadcast Deal|website=DAZN|date=14 March 2025|access-date=14 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Handball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Men's Handball Championship]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[European Men's Handball Championship]]<br /> | Germany{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[European Women's Handball Championship]]<br /> | Canada, Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[EHF Champions League]]<br /> | Austria, Canada, Germany, Japan, Spain<br /> | Live until 2026 in Austria, Germany and Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2020|title=DAZN AWARDED EUROPEAN HANDBALL FEDERATION RIGHTS IN FOUR NATIONS|url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2020/09/dazn-awarded-european-handball-federation-rights-in-four-nations/|access-date=21 September 2020|website=DAZN Media Centre|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929101737/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2020/09/dazn-awarded-european-handball-federation-rights-in-four-nations/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2023|title=Handball: Men's EHF Champions League 2023/24 preview: Full schedule and how to watch live|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/handball-men-ehf-champions-league-2023-24-preview-full-schedule-how-to-watch|access-date=11 September 2023|website=Olympics}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[EHF European League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Austria, Germany, Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Live until 2026<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[EHF European Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's EHF Champions League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's EHF European League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's EHF European Cup]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Historic football====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Calcio Fiorentino]]<br /> | Italy<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Horse racing====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[The Everest|TAB Everest]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.racingnsw.com.au/news/latest-racing-news/tab-everest-to-be-broadcast-globally-on-dazn-fox-sports-1-in-united-states/?main=true|title=The TAB Everest To Be Broadcast Globally On DAZN &amp; Fox Sports 1 In United States|website=racingnsw.com.au|date=13 October 2025|access-date=14 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Riyadh Season Horse Racing<br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ice hockey====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[National Hockey League]]<br /> | More than 200 countries and territories worldwide, excluding U.S., Canada, and the Nordics (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). Select live games are blacked out in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and become available on-demand following the conclusion of the game.<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://media.nhl.com/public/news/19123|title=NHL and DAZN Announce Multi-Year Streaming Deal to Drive International Growth of NHL.TV|website=media.nhl.com|date=30 July 2025|access-date=16 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Indoor football====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |Infinity League<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Kings League]]<br /> | Belgium, Portugal<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kingsleague.pro/en/world-cup/news/kings-world-cup-podra-seguir-tv-49-paises-cuatro-continentes-distintos|title=La Kings World Cup se podrá seguir por TV en 49 países de 4 continentes distintos|website=Kings League|date=26 May 2024 |language=es|access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kings World Cup Nations]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Brazil, Israel, LATAM, MENA, and United States)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN Expands Global Football Portfolio with Kings League's Most Dynamic Competitions in 2026 |url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-expands-global-football-portfolio-with-kings-leagues-most-dynamic-competitions-in-2026/|website=Kings League|date=29 December 2025|language=en|access-date=1 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Motorsport====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Formula One]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Portugal, Spain, Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/toolbar/broadcast-information.html|title=F1 Broadcast Information|website=formula1.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=MOVISTAR AND DAZN JOIN FORCES TO BRING FANS MORE SPORT IN SPAIN|url=https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2021/01/movistar-and-dazn-join-forces-to-bring-fans-more-sport-in-spain/ |access-date=20 January 2021 |work=DAZN Media Centre |date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120174539/https://media.dazn.com/en/press-releases/2021/01/movistar-and-dazn-join-forces-to-bring-fans-more-sport-in-spain/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIA Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[FIA Formula 3 Championship|Formula 3]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Porsche Supercup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[F1 Academy]]<br /> | Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.f1academy.com/About/3EF4AtFK4B3m7tegHgEx4a/where-to-watch-us|title=Where To Watch Us|website=F1 Academy}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Formula Regional European Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Italian F4 Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[F4 Spanish Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Eurocup-3]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Grand Prix motorcycle racing#MotoGP class|MotoGP]]<br /> | Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.motogp.com/en/broadcasters|title=TV Broadcasters|website=MotoGP}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Asia Talent Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[British Talent Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIM JuniorGP World Championship|FIM JuniorGP]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[WorldSBK]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldsbk.com/en/tv_coverage|title=TV Coverage|website=WorldSBK}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[MXGP]]<br /> |Italy, Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Formula E]]<br /> | Austria, France,{{efn|name=la}} Germany, Portugal, Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland<br /> | Live until 2026 in Portugal<br /> |-<br /> |[[Extreme E|Extreme E &amp; H]]<br /> | Worldwide <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Dakar Rally]]<br /> | France,{{efn|name=la}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain {{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIA World Endurance Championship|WEC]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} France,{{efn|name=la}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> | Only [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] in France<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIM EWC]]<br /> |Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[eSkootr Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/the-eskootr-championship-and-dazn-announce-multi-year-partnership-to-drive-global-awareness-of-competition/|title=THE ESKOOTR CHAMPIONSHIP AND DAZN ANNOUNCE MULTI-YEAR PARTNERSHIP TO DRIVE GLOBAL AWARENESS OF COMPETITION|website=dazngroup.com|date=22 July 2024|language=en|access-date=22 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIM Supercross World Championship|World Supercross Championship]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-emitira-el-fim-world-supercross-championship-2024-gratis-a-nivel-global/|title=DAZN EMITIRÁ EL FIM WORLD SUPERCROSS CHAMPIONSHIP 2024 GRATIS A NIVEL GLOBAL|website=DAZN|date=21 October 2024|language=es|access-date=21 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Airspeeder (racing series)|Airspeeder]]<br /> | On Demand only<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airspeeder's Flying Car Racing Series Lands on DAZN in Global Content Partnership|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/airspeeders-flying-car-racing-series-lands-on-dazn-in-global-content-partnership/|access-date=6 June 2023|website=DAZN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bresaola |first=Riccardo|date=25 April 2023|title=DAZN in global original programming deal with Airspeeder|url=https://www.sportcal.com/media/dazn-in-global-original-programming-deal-with-airspeeder/|access-date=6 June 2023|website=Sportcal}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Taiwan Spirit Rider<br /> | Taiwan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]]<br /> | Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Slovakia, South Korea, Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/dazn-acquires-dtm-gt-masters-rights-in-eight-markets/|title=DAZN acquires DTM, GT Masters rights in eight markets|website=SportBusiness|date=6 January 2023|access-date=7 July 2023|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[ADAC GT Masters]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |-<br /> |[[ADAC GT4 Germany]]<br /> |-<br /> |BMW M2 Cup<br /> | Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Slovakia, South Korea, Spain<br /> |-<br /> |[[European Truck Racing Championship]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[NASCAR Cup Series]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Spain<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN ADQUIERE EN EXCLUSIVA LOS DERECHOS DE LA NASCAR, LA COMPETICIÓN DE AUTOMOVILISMO MÁS ACLAMADA DE EE. UU.|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-adquiere-en-exclusiva-los-derechos-de-la-nascar-la-competicion-de-automovilismo-mas-aclamada-de-ee-uu/|access-date=15 February 2024|website=DAZN|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[NASCAR Xfinity Series]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[NASCAR Whelen Euro Series]]<br /> | Only highlights<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supercars Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;21&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN OFRECERÁ EN ESPAÑA LA REPCO SUPERCARS CHAMPIONSHIP|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-ofrecera-en-espana-la-repco-supercars-championship/|access-date=16 April 2024|website=DAZN|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Rally Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide (via [[Rally.TV]]; except China, Estonia, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom)<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Rally.TV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN announced as broadcaster for Rally.TV in a number of regions|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-US/news/motorsport/dazn-announced-as-broadcaster-for-rallytv-in-a-number-of-regions/xmrfb7gfnoyx15eqadjxadxae|access-date=26 April 2024|website=DAZN|date=10 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIA World Rallycross Championship|World RX]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> |[[European Rally Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |Iberian Supercars<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Portugal, Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN OFRECERÁ LA TEMPORADA 2024 DE SUPERCARS ENDURANCE CON SEIS FINES DE SEMANA DE CARRERAS EN LOS GRANDES CIRCUITOS DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-ofrecera-la-temporada-2024-de-supercars-endurance-con-seis-fines-de-semana-de-carreras-en-los-grandes-circuitos-de-espana-y-portugal/|access-date=7 June 2024|website=DAZN|date=20 May 2024 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Supercars Jarama RACE<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> |Campeonato de Portugal de Velocidade<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIM Women's Motorcycling World Championship|WorldWCR]]<br /> | Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN OFRECERÁ EN ABIERTO WorldWCR, EL PRIMER MUNDIAL FEMENINO DE MOTOCICLISMO|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-ofrecera-en-abierto-worldwcr-el-primer-mundial-femenino-de-motociclismo/|access-date=19 June 2024|website=DAZN|date=11 June 2024 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |E1 Series<br /> |rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=E1 secures DAZN distribution across key markets|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/e1-and-dazn-announce-global-multi-year-free-to-air-broadcast-rights-deal/|website=dazn.com|date=3 February 2025|language=en|access-date=4 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Trans-Am Series|Speed Tour]]<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Porsche Sprint Challenge Southern Europe<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Porsche Sprint Challenge Southern Europe goes global on TV|url=https://www.sprintchallengesoutherneurope.com/post/the-porsche-sprint-challenge-southern-europe-goes-global-on-tv|website=Sprint Challenge Southern Europe|date=6 December 2024|access-date=24 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Ferrari Challenge Europe<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Goodwood Road Racing Club<br /> |-<br /> |Porsche Carrera Cup Germany<br /> |-<br /> |Ferrari Challenge Japan<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nürburgring 24 Hours|ADAC RAVENOL 24h Nürburgring]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[TCR Europe Touring Car Series|TCR Europe]]<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN Enters Global Agreement with TCR Europe to Broadcast the Continent's Top Touring Car Series For Free|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-enters-global-agreement-with-tcr-europe-to-broadcast-the-continents-top-touring-car-series-for-free/|website=dazngroup.com/|date=2 September 2025|access-date=4 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[International GT Open]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN Enters Global Agreement With GT Sport to Broadcast International GT Open, Euroformula and GT Cup Europe for Free|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-enters-global-agreement-with-gt-sport-to-broadcast-international-gt-open-euroformula-and-gt-cup-europe-for-free/|website=dazngroup.com/|date=4 September 2025|access-date=4 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Euroformula Open]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[GT Cup Open Europe]]<br /> |-<br /> |TCR Spain<br /> | Portugal, Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN alcanza un acuerdo con TCR Spain para emitir la temporada 2025 en España y Portugal|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-alcanza-un-acuerdo-con-tcr-spain-para-emitir-la-temporada-2025-en-espana-y-portugal/|website=dazn.com|date=17 September 2025|language=es|access-date=23 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Titan World Series<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | Only highlights<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DAZN and Titan World Series Strike Global Deal to Stream the World's Biggest MTB Adventure|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-titan-world-series-strike-global-deal-to-stream-the-worlds-biggest-mtb-adventure/|website=dazn.com|date=30 September 2025|language=en|access-date=30 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Australian Supercross Championship]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Rotax Max Challenge]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Multi-sport====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Summer Olympic Games]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Winter Olympic Games]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Islamic Solidarity Games]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Netball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[British Fast5 Netball All-Stars Championship]]<br /> | Brazil, Italy, United States<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Padel====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |World Padel Tour<br /> | Portugal<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Premier Padel<br /> | Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> |-<br /> |A1 Padel<br /> | Italy, Portugal, Spain<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/p%C3%A1del/donde-ver-a1padel-espana-como-ver-online-directo-tv/1978fekaaf7hl10q0gm01q156t|title=Dónde ver A1Padel en España: cómo ver online en directo y TV en 2023|website=DAZN|date=5 November 2023 |language=es|access-date=7 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Hexagon Cup<br /> | Worldwide (excluding United States)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hexagoncup.com/news/dazn-secures-live-rights-to-hexagon-cup|title=DAZN SECURES LIVE RIGHTS TO HEXAGON CUP|website=Hexagon Cup|date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Pro Padel League<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |Reserve Cup<br /> |-<br /> |World Padel League<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Pickleball====<br /> {{See also|Pickleball}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |Mediterranean Open<br /> | Spain<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Professional wrestling====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[All Elite Wrestling]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | PPVs only; Excluding Australia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/4803/|title=DAZN To Bring All Elite Wrestling (AEW) Pay-Per-View Events to Fans Worldwide|website=dazn.com|language=en|access-date=2024-06-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[TNA Wrestling]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, São Tomé &amp; Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St Helena and Ascension Island, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe)<br /> | On Demand only; PPV events geolocated and sold separately<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GLOBAL/news/wrestling/impact-wrestling-on-dazn-how-to-watch-whats-on-list-of-tv-shows-and-events-available/12fzf49r4my9y1ctdijwqckrn8|title=IMPACT WRESTLING ON DAZN: HOW TO WATCH, WHAT'S ON, LIST OF TV SHOWS AND EVENTS AVAILABLE|website=dazn.com|date=29 November 2022 |language=en|access-date=29 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Rodeo====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[The American Rodeo]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Roller hockey====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[WSE Champions League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Portugal<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Portuguese Roller Hockey First Division]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hoqueipt.com/artigo/6951-campeonato-placard-na-eleven|title=Campeonato Placard na Eleven|website=Hoquei|date=28 September 2023|language=pt|access-date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Portuguese Roller Hockey Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supertaça António Livramento]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Rugby sevens====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Premier Rugby Sevens]]<br /> | Europe<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Rugby union====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rugby World Cup]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=6|<br /> |-<br /> |[[Six Nations Championship|Six Nations]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Canada<br /> |-<br /> |[[Six Nations Under 20s Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Six Nations Championship]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Top10 (rugby union)|Top10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Italy<br /> |-<br /> |[[Serie A Elite (women's rugby union)|Serie A Elite Femminile]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Elite Rugby]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-brings-womens-elite-rugby-to-fans-worldwide/|title=DAZN Brings Women's Elite Rugby to Fans Worldwide|website=dazn.com|date=20 March 2025|language=en|access-date=21 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Elite Rugby|Legacy Cup]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Sailing====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[SailGP]]<br /> | Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore{{efn|name=bein}}<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Skateboarding====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Street League Skateboarding]]<br /> | Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/en-GLOBAL/news/extreme-sports/sls-how-to-watch-street-league-skateboarding-in-jacksonville-live-on-dazn/11jitkshpr7aq1hi78wrd2by30|title=SLS: HOW TO WATCH STREET LEAGUE SKATEBOARDING IN JACKSONVILLE LIVE ON DAZN|website=dazn.com|date=11 July 2022 |language=en|access-date=11 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Downhill Skateboarding Championship]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/press-room/dazn-and-brinx-world-downhill-skateboarding-championship-announce-global-broadcast-partnership/|title=DAZN AND BRINX WORLD DOWNHILL SKATEBOARDING CHAMPIONSHIP ANNOUNCE GLOBAL BROADCAST PARTNERSHIP|website=DAZN|date=21 August 2024|access-date=21 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Softball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Men's Softball World Cup]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide (excluding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Moldova, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan)<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;WBSC&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's Softball World Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Softball at the Summer Olympics|Olympic softball tournament]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Squash====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[PSA World Tour]]<br /> | Japan<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://psaworldtour.com/howtowatch|title=HOW TO WATCH THE PSA WORLD TOUR|website=PSA World Tour|language=en-US|access-date=15 March 2021|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318193158/https://psaworldtour.com/howtowatch|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Tennis====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Australian Open]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[US Open (tennis)|US Open]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[French Open]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[ATP Finals]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore;{{efn|name=bein}} Brazil, Latin America and the Caribbean{{efn|name=ten}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[ATP Masters 1000]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[ATP 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[ATP 250]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland;{{efn|name=euro}} Brazil, Latin America and the Caribbean{{efn|name=ten|via [[Tennis TV]]}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[ATP Cup]]<br /> |Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore;{{efn|name=bein}} Brazil, Latin America and the Caribbean{{efn|name=ten}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[WTA Tour]]<br /> |Canada, Japan, Middle East &amp; North Africa, Norway, Portugal, Spain<br /> | Live until 2026 in Portugal<br /> |-<br /> |[[Davis Cup]]<br /> | Austria, Germany<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/de-DE/news/tennis/davis-cup-live-dazn-tv-live-stream-uebertragung/1lhdj46eynw0a1sq4eagb51l4e|title=Davis Cup live auf DAZN sehen: TV, LIVE-STREAM - die Übertragung|website=dazn.com|date=7 September 2023|language=de|access-date=11 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ultimate Tennis Showdown]]<br /> | Canada, Japan, Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Laver Cup]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Malaysia,{{efn|name=bein}} Singapore,{{efn|name=bein}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[World Tennis League]]<br /> | Spain<br /> |-<br /> |The MGM Rewards Slam<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Triathlon====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Professional Triathletes Organisation|PTO Tour]]<br /> | APAC, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Middle East &amp; North Africa, New Zealand and South Africa<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://protriathletes.org/media-releases/dazn-gets-on-board-with-new-pto-tour/|title=DAZN GETS ON BOARD FOR FIRST PTO TOUR|website=Pro Triathles|access-date=22 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ironman 70.3|IRONMAN Pro Series]]<br /> | Worldwide (excluding Canada, China, Russia, United States)<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://proseries.ironman.com/options-to-watch|title=OPTIONS TO WATCH|website=Ironman Pro Series|access-date=6 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Supertri|Supertri E]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Ultramarathon====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc|UTMB World Series]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.endurancesportswire.com/utmb-world-series-partners-with-dazn-to-supercharge-growth-through-worldwide-coverage/|title=UTMB World Series partners with DAZN to supercharge growth through worldwide coverage|website=Endurance Sports Wire|date=23 April 2024|access-date=26 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Volleyball====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;10&quot; | Italy<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |[[FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[CEV Champions League]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.legavolley.it/2023/dazn-acquires-cev-champions-league-tv-rights/?lang=en|title=DAZN acquires CEV Champions League TV rights|website=Lega Volley|date=21 November 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[CEV Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[CEV Challenge Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[CEV Women's Champions League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Women's CEV Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[CEV Women's Challenge Cup]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Italian Volleyball League]]<br /> |rowspan=3 |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Italian Women's Volleyball League]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Enterprise Volleyball League]]<br /> | Taiwan<br /> |-<br /> |[[LOVB Pro]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | 16 matches per season<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lovb.com/news/lovb-announces-inaugural-pro-broadcast-streaming-schedule|title=LOVB Announces Season Broadcast and Streaming Schedule for Inaugural Pro Season|website=LOVB|date=10 November 2024|access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Copa Brasília de Vôlei <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Brazil {{efn|name=sporty}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |Copa Goiás de Vôlei <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Weightlifting====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[European Weightlifting Federation]]<br /> | Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Winter sports====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[International Luge Federation|FIL]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> |rowspan=4|<br /> |-<br /> |[[Federation Internationale de Ski|FIS]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[International Biathlon Union|IBU]]<br /> | Austria,{{efn|name=euro}} France,{{efn|name=la}} Germany,{{efn|name=euro}} Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain,{{efn|name=euro}} Switzerland{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[International Skating Union|ISU]]<br /> | Italy,{{efn|name=euro}} Spain{{efn|name=euro}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Woodchopping====<br /> {{See also|Woodchopping}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Competition<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |[[Stihl Timbersports Series]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Linear channels ===<br /> Linear channels on DAZN include:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Channel<br /> ! Region<br /> !width=&quot;200&quot;| Broadcast Details<br /> ! Sources<br /> |-<br /> |ACL Cornhole TV<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[beIN Sports|beIN Sports 1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Malaysia, Singapore<br /> | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/dazns-diquattro-rights-additions-in-new-markets-must-be-sustainable/|title=DAZN's Diquattro: Rights additions in new markets must be sustainable|website=SportBusiness|date=27 March 2023|access-date=8 September 2023|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[beIN Sports|beIN Sports 2]]<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[beIN Sports|beIN Sports 3]]<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Billiard TV<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | excluding Asian countries<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Boxing TV<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 1<br /> | Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 2<br /> | Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Taiwan<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 3<br /> | Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Taiwan<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 4<br /> | Spain, Portugal<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 5<br /> | Portugal<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN 6<br /> | Portugal<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Baloncesto<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Spain<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Baloncesto 2<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Baloncesto 3<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Combat<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN F1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot; | Spain<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN LaLiga<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN LaLiga 2<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN LaLiga 3<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN LaLiga 4<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN LaLiga 5<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN MotoGP<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Pro League 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Belgium, Luxembourg<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Pro League 2<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Pro League 3<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Rise<br /> | Austria, Germany<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |DAZN Women's Football<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Eurosport 1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Eurosport 2]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Fubo Sports<br /> | Canada, United States<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Inter TV]]<br /> | Italy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[La Chaîne L'Équipe]]<br /> | France<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbnews.fr/medias/image-dazn-s-accorde-avec-fff-chaine-equipe-81487|title=DAZN S'ACCORDE AVEC LA FFF ET LA CHAINE L'EQUIPE|website=cbnews.fr|date=11 January 2024 |language=fr|access-date=12 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional|LaLiga TV Hypermotion]]<br /> | Spain<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[LFC TV]]<br /> | Japan<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Matchroom Boxing<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Milan TV]]<br /> | Italy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[MLB Network]]<br /> | Austria, Canada, Germany, Switzerland<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Moto America TV<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Motorvision TV<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[NBA TV]]<br /> | Germany<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[NFL Network]]<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | excluding United States<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Nosso Futebol<br /> | Brazil<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Padel TIME TV<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |PDC Darts<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[PGA Tour]] Fast Channel<br /> | excluding Australia, China, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, United Kingdom<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;PGA&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Play Sports|Play Sports 1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Belgium<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Play Sports|Play Sports 2]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |[[Play Sports|Play Sports 3]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |PLL Network<br /> | Worldwide<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Radio TV Serie A con RDS<br /> | Italy<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Rally TV<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | excluding China, Estonia, Finland, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;Rally.TV&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Red Bull TV]]<br /> | <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dazngroup.com/dazn-agrees-global-multi-year-deal-to-broadcast-red-bull-tv/|title=DAZN AGREES GLOBAL, MULTI-YEAR DEAL TO BROADCAST RED BULL TV|website=DAZN Group|access-date=4 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sportdigital|Sportdigital Fussball]]<br /> | Austria, Germany, Switzerland<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |SportStak<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Worldwide<br /> | excluding Asian countries<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |Unbeaten<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Eleven Sports]]<br /> * [[ESPN+]]<br /> * [[NBC Sports Gold]]<br /> * [[GolfTV]]<br /> * [[UFC Fight Pass]]<br /> * [[WWE Network]]<br /> * [[NBA League Pass]]<br /> * [[NFL Game Pass]]<br /> * [[Red Bull TV]]<br /> * [[FITE TV]]<br /> * [[FloSports]]<br /> * [[OneSoccer]]<br /> * [[List of streaming media services]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|https://www.dazn.com}}<br /> <br /> {{Access Industries}}<br /> {{VOD services}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:DAZN| ]]<br /> [[Category:2007 establishments in England]]<br /> [[Category:2007 in London]]<br /> [[Category:2015 establishments in England]]<br /> [[Category:British companies established in 2007]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]]<br /> [[Category:Data companies]]<br /> [[Category:Football mass media in Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Hammersmith]]<br /> [[Category:Internet properties established in 2015]]<br /> [[Category:Internet television channels]]<br /> [[Category:Mass media companies based in London]]<br /> [[Category:Sports mass media in the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Sports television in Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Sports television networks]]<br /> [[Category:Subscription video streaming services]]<br /> [[Category:TvOS software]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syed_Mohammad_Izhar_Ashraf&diff=539000 2026-03-06T08:14:57Z

<p>AarohamResort: Created A Page - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Sufi saint and Islamic scholar (1934–2012)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use British English|date=June 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | religion = [[Islam]]<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = Syed Mohammed Izhar Ashraf<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | title = Shaikh-E-Azam, Sajjada Nashin of Aastane Ashrafia Hasania Sarkar e Kalan Kichaucha Shareef<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 1934<br /> | birth_place = [[Ashrafpur Kichhauchha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | death_date = 22 February 2012<br /> | death_place = Ismailia Hospital, [[Mumbai]], India<br /> | death_cause = <br /> | resting_place = Dargah, [[Ashrafpur Kichhauchha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | ethnicity = <br /> | era = <br /> | region = [[South Asia]]<br /> | occupation = <br /> | denomination = [[Sunni]]<br /> | jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]<br /> | creed = <br /> | movement = [[Barelvi movement]]<br /> | main_interests = [[Sufism]]<br /> | notable_ideas = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | alma_mater = [[Al Jamiatul Ashrafia]]<br /> | Sufi_order = Ashrafi, deffr [[Qadiriyya]]<br /> | disciple_of = [[Syed Mohammed Mukhtar Ashraf]]<br /> | awards = <br /> | influences = <br /> | influenced = [[Mohammad Ashraf Kichhouchhwi]]<br /> | module = {{infobox person|child=yes||father=[[Syed Mohammed Mukhtar Ashraf]]|children=*Syed Mehmood Ashraf<br /> *[[Mohammad Ashraf Kichhouchhwi]]<br /> *Syed Hammad Ashraf <br /> *Bibi Zubaida.|family=38th descendant of Muhammed}}<br /> | website = <br /> | signature = <br /> | office1 = Sajjadanasheen of Dargah Ashraf Jahangir Semnani<br /> | term_end1 = 2012<br /> | term_start1 = 1996<br /> | successor1 = [[Syed Mahmood Ashraf ]]<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Syed Mohammed Mukhtar Ashraf]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Syed Mohammed Izhar Ashraf''' (1934 – 22 February 2012) was an Indian Sufi saint and Islamic scholar belonging to the [[Barelvi movement]] of [[Sunni Islam]]. He was the relative of [[Sajjada nashin|sajjada nasheen]] of Dargah of [[Ashraf Jahangir Semnani]] and Chief Patron of the [[All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board]]. He died on 22 February 2012 at age 78 while receiving treatment at the Ismailia Hospital.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> He was born to [[Mukhtar Ashraf|Syed Shah Mukhtar Ashraf]] and Bibi Sandija in 1934 or 1355 [[Hijri year|Hijri]] is [[Ashrafpur Kichhauchha|Ashrafpur Kichaucha]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<br /> <br /> He completed his primary education at [[Kichhauchha Sharif]]. After that he went to Ahle sunnat [[Al Jamiatul Ashrafia|Al Jamiatul Ashrafia Mubarakpur]] for [[Dars-i Nizami]]. He completed his Fazilat course in 1959. He established many [[madrasa]]s all over India. Ashrafia Izhar-uloloom Machipur is a famous Madras founded by him.&lt;ref name=&quot;TC1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2012-02-27 |title=Obituary: Hazrat Syed Mohd. Izhar Ashraf (1934-2012) |url=https://twocircles.net/2012feb27/obituary_hazrat_syed_mohd_izhar_ashraf_19342012.html |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.milligazette.com/news/3369-hazrat-syed-mohammad-izhar-ashraf-1934-2012 Hazrat Syed Mohammad Izhar Ashraf (1934–2012)] The Milli Gazette |13 Mar 2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ashrafjahangir.com/personality_HSIA.asp |title=Ashraf Jahangir.com – The Best &amp; Perfect Islamic Spiritual Site |website=ashrafjahangir.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031029182838/http://ashrafjahangir.com/personality_HSIA.asp |archive-date=2003-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, he joined [[Jamia Naeemia Moradabad]] to teach Islamic education to students.&lt;ref name=TC1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Works==<br /> He had deep interest in Islamic poetry. A compilation of his Nat, Manquabat and Ghazal has published as &quot;''Izhare Haquiqat''&quot;.<br /> <br /> === Social works ===<br /> He is the founder of four Madrasas that follows the teaching of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]], the founder of [[Barelvi movement]]&lt;ref name=&quot;TC1&quot; /&gt;<br /> *Madrasa Mukhtar Ul Uloom at Chirayya Chowk, [[Baisi]] [[Purnia district]], [[Bihar]]<br /> *Madrasa Ashrafia Izharuloloom at [[Bahadurganj, Kishanganj|Bahadurganj]], [[Kishanganj district]], [[Bihar]]<br /> *Madrasa Ashrafia Izharuloloom at Khushamadpura Malegaon district, [[Maharashtra]]<br /> *Madrasa Ashrafia Gulshane Kabir at [[Bhagalpur]], Bihar<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Hashmi Miya]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ashraf, Syed Mohammad Izhar}}<br /> [[Category:Indian imams]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Sufis]]<br /> [[Category:Hanafis]]<br /> [[Category:Chishtis]]<br /> [[Category:People from Ambedkar Nagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]<br /> [[Category:1935 births]]<br /> [[Category:2012 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of Jamia Naeemia Moradabad]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iyer_in_Arabia&diff=504866 2026-03-05T06:27:26Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting new post v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian Malayalam comedy,family film by M A Nishad}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Iyer In Arabia.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[M. A. Nishad]]<br /> | producer = {{Ubl<br /> | Vignesh Vijayakumar<br /> }}<br /> | writer = M. A. Nishad<br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | starring = {{ubl<br /> | [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]<br /> | [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]]<br /> | [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]]<br /> | [[Shine Tom Chacko]]<br /> | [[Durga Krishna]]<br /> }}<br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = [[Anand Madhusoodanan]]<br /> | editing = [[Johnkutty]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | studio = Wealth I Productions<br /> | distributor = MAN Media<br /> | released = {{film date|2024|2|2|df=y|}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Malayalam<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Iyer in Arabia''''' is a 2024 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film, directed by [[M. A. Nishad]], starring [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]], [[Shine Tom Chacko]] and [[Durga Krishna]] in lead roles. It was initially named ''Iyer Kanda Dubai''.&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-10-09 |title=Name Of Malayalam Director MA Nishad's Film Iyer Kanda Dubai Changed To... |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/name-of-malayalam-director-ma-nishads-film-iyer-kanda-dubai-changed-to-8609596.html |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was theatrically released on 2 February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08 |title=Makers Of Dhyan Sreenivasan-starrer Iyer In Arabia Lock Release Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/makers-of-dhyan-sreenivasan-starrer-iyer-in-arabia-lock-release-date-8732420.html |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108122509/https://www.news18.com/movies/makers-of-dhyan-sreenivasan-starrer-iyer-in-arabia-lock-release-date-8732420.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film follows a family’s journey to the Middle East. Sreenivasa Iyer is an orthodox Brahmin who strongly clings to his traditional beliefs. His wife, Jhansi Rani, on the other hand, is a history professor and an atheist. Their son, Rahul, a straightforward and practical young man, travels to the Middle East for a job. Iyer later discovers that his son is involved with a girl from a different religion and intends to marry her. <br /> <br /> Determined to stop the relationship, Iyer travels to the Middle East with his wife. However, a series of incidents there opens his eyes to a completely different world and gradually forces him to confront and reconsider his regressive beliefs. The mistakes Iyer makes in both thought and action during the trip are portrayed with sarcasm throughout the film. The contrast between the rigid mindset of a devout believer and the rational outlook of an atheist is humorously depicted, forming the central theme of the movie.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{div col|colwidth=25em}}<br /> *[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]] as Sreenivasa Iyer <br /> *[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvasi]] as Thansi Rani<br /> *[[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] as Rahul Sreenivasan<br /> *[[Shine Tom Chacko]] as Freddy<br /> *[[Durga Krishna]] as Zahra <br /> *Dayana Hameed as Tania<br /> *[[Biju Sopanam]] as Thomaskutty<br /> *[[Jaffar Idukki]] as Koya Sahib<br /> * Sohan Seenulal as Fasal<br /> * Kalabhavan Prajod as Shemeer<br /> * Ullas Panthalam as Flat Security Sahadevan <br /> *[[Sudheer Karamana]] as Adv. Jaganraj<br /> *[[Sunil Sukhada]] as Pramukh Gopal <br /> *[[Alencier Ley Lopez]] as Shubhair Hajji<br /> *[[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Rashid<br /> *[[Uma Nair]] as Suma Jaganraj<br /> *Divya M. Nair as Zerina<br /> *Veena Nair as Nazeema<br /> *[[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]] as Dr.Abhilash<br /> *[[Jayakumar Parameswaran Pillai]] as Major Soman Pillai<br /> * Jayasankar as Shishupalan<br /> * Sreelatha Namboothiri as Pankajakshi<br /> * Reshmi Anil as Pavithra<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was announced in January 2023, with production initially underway under the title ''Iyer Kanda Dubai'' ({{Translation|The Dubai Iyer saw}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Mukesh, Urvashi, Dhyan, Shine Tom Chacko, and Durga Krishna to star in Iyer Kanda Dubai |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/Jan/19/mukesh-urvashi-dhyan-shine-tom-chacko-and-durga-krishna-to-star-in-iyer-kanda-dubai-38991.html |work=Cinema Express |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming for the project took place in [[Dubai]] and was completed by July 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Shooting of Dhyan Sreenivasan’s ‘Iyer Kanda Dubai’ wrapped up |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shooting-of-dhyan-sreenivasans-iyer-kanda-dubai-wrapped-up/article67067601.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=11 July 2023 |language=en-IN |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=27 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715052143/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shooting-of-dhyan-sreenivasans-iyer-kanda-dubai-wrapped-up/article67067601.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=It’s a wrap for Dhyan Sreenivasan’s 'Iyer Kanda Dubai' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2023/Jul/12/its-a-wrap-for-dhyan-sreenivasans-iyerkanda-dubai-2593785.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=8 July 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2023, it was reported that the film's title had been changed to ''Iyer in Arabia''.&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by [[Anand Madhusoodanan]],&lt;ref name=&quot;release&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/iyyeru-kanda-dubai-from-iyer-in-arabia/ADZXF,vcIc0_|title=Iyyeru Kanda Dubai (From &quot;Iyer in Arabia&quot;) - Naseer Minnale, Bharath Sajikumar, Mithun Jayaraj, Ashwin Vijayan, Anand Madhosoodanan - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=15 December 2023|via=www.jiosaavn.com|access-date=5 February 2024|archive-date=5 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205184030/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/iyyeru-kanda-dubai-from-iyer-in-arabia/ADZXF,vcIc0_|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-18 |title=Mukesh and Urvashi reunite for ‘Iyer in Arabia’, the song ‘Iyyeru Kanda Dubai’ will surely leave you in splits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mukesh-and-urvashi-reunite-for-iyer-in-arabia-the-song-iyyeru-kanda-dubai-will-surely-leave-you-in-splits/articleshow/106082988.cms |access-date=2024-05-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104215123/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mukesh-and-urvashi-reunite-for-iyer-in-arabia-the-song-iyyeru-kanda-dubai-will-surely-leave-you-in-splits/articleshow/106082988.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Movie Soundtrack - Malayalam - Iyer In Arabia |date=31 January 2024 |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/iyer-in-arabia-malayalam-movie-song-released-1.9284658 |access-date=5 February 2024 |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205184031/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/iyer-in-arabia-malayalam-movie-song-released-1.9284658 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; with lyrics written by [[Rafeeq Ahamed]], [[Manu Manjith]], [[B. K. Harinarayanan]], [[Prabha Varma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapurame (From &quot;Iyer in Arabia&quot;) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/thiruvananthapurame-from-iyer-in-arabia/ftFto3I2ADU_ |website=JioSaavn |date=18 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mazhavil Poovayi (From &quot;Iyer in Arabia&quot;) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/mazhavil-poovayi-from-iyer-in-arabia/JlwhQkFGcEE |website=JioSaavn |date=29 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Parayathe Parayunnathellam (From &quot;Iyer in Arabia&quot;) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/parayathe-parayunnathellam-from-iyer-in-arabia/whtoy4Lx6wk_ |website=JioSaavn |date=2 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Iyyeru Kanda Dubai<br /> | length1 = 2:14<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Manu Manjith]]<br /> | extra1 = Mithun Jayaraj, Minnale Nazeer, Aswin Vijayan, Bharath Sajikumar, [[Anand Madhusoodanan]]<br /> | title2 = Thiruvananthapurame<br /> | length2 = 3:34<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Rafeeq Ahamed]]<br /> | extra2 = Mithun Jayaraj, [[Karthika Nair]], Bhima<br /> | title3 = Mazhavil Poovayi<br /> | length3 = 4:10<br /> | lyrics3 = [[B. K. Harinarayanan]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Nithya Mammen]]<br /> | title4 = Parayaathe Parayunnathellam<br /> | length4 = 5:05<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Prabha Varma]]<br /> | extra4 = [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Shahabaz Aman]]<br /> | total_length = 15:03<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, &quot;''Iyer in Arabia'' is a delightful rollercoaster of emotions, blending humour seamlessly with family dynamics. The film's ensemble cast, coupled with the director's vision, suggests a successful recipe for an entertaining cinematic experience.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Iyer in Arabia Movie Review: A Rib-Tickling Mollywood Ensemble |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/malayalam/iyer-in-arabia-movie-review-a-rib-tickling-mollywood-ensemble-review-107331505/amp |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, &quot;Although the movie started with a promising theme, it deviated from its path by following cliches, leaving the audience with a sense of disconnect. Director M A Nishad's well-intentioned efforts to incorporate feel-good elements seemed somewhat forced and didn't seamlessly integrate into the story. Despite these shortcomings, certain comedic elements, like Mukesh's character attempting to spy on his son with a fake Facebook ID, were indeed really funny.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Iyer in Arabia': This Mukesh-Urvashi starrer offers chuckles but not consistency {{!}} Movie Review |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2024/02/02/iyer-in-arabia-movie-review-mukesh-urvashi-dhyan-sreenivasan-malayalam.html |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Arjun Ramachandran of ''The South First'' gave the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, &quot;''Iyer in Arabia'' is a satirical movie with a cliched plot. It is a time-pass entertainer.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Arjun |date=2024-02-02 |title=Iyer in Arabia review: A political satire film with a cliched plot |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/iyer-in-arabia-malayalam-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=The South First |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127064229/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/iyer-in-arabia-malayalam-movie-review/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rashmi Kuttan of ''[[Asianet News]]'' wrote, &quot;The film tries to expose the audience to the beliefs that are being politicized in the current situation with a little laugh. ''Iyer in Arabia'' ridicules the shrinking within the walls of religion and irrationally succumbing to the blindness of faith.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iyer in Arabia Review: Dhyan Sreenivasan, Mukesh starrer promises a family entertainer- Asianet Newsable |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/iyer-in-arabia-dhyan-sreenivasan-mukesh-starrer-promises-a-family-entertainer-rkn-s8879z |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=newsable.asianetnews.com |archive-date=2025-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127090248/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/amp/entertainment/iyer-in-arabia-dhyan-sreenivasan-mukesh-starrer-promises-a-family-entertainer-rkn-s8879z |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2024 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khanjar_(film)&diff=509582 2026-03-03T23:56:31Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting initial article basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Khanjar<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = Atmaram<br /> | producer = Atmaram&lt;br&gt;Gurudutt Films<br /> | writer = Ram Govind<br /> | screenplay =<br /> | story =<br /> | narrator =<br /> | starring = [[Navin Nischol]]&lt;br&gt;[[Reena Roy]]&lt;br&gt;[[Suresh Oberoi]]&lt;br&gt;[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]]<br /> | music = Nitin Mangesh&lt;br&gt;Maya Govind (lyrics)<br /> | cinematography = K. R. Murthy&lt;br&gt;Yusuf<br /> | editing = E. G. Shinde<br /> | studio =<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1980|1|18|[[India]]}}<br /> | runtime =<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Khanjar''''' ({{langx|hi|ख़ंजर}}; [[translation]]: dagger) is a 1980 [[Hindi language]] film, produced and directed by Atmaram. This action thriller casts [[Navin Nischol]] in the lead with the supporting cast of [[Reena Roy]], [[Suresh Oberoi]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Jankidas]], [[Jayshree T.]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[K. N. Singh]], [[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]], [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], Reeta Bhaduri, [[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]] and [[Shekhar Kapur]]. Nitin Mangesh scored the music for this film, with lyrics written by Maya Govind.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianfilmtrade.com/services/filmdatabase/movie_detail.php?film_id=4279 |title=Khanjar |publisher=indianfilmtrade.com |accessdate=4 Aug 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006064925/http://indianfilmtrade.com/services/filmdatabase/movie_detail.php?film_id=4279 |archivedate= 6 October 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The story, in brief, is about a dagger in a criminal investigation, and the mysterious deaths around the life of its custodian.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Prakash (Navin Nischol), a librarian, lives with his daughter. One day, his friend and private detective Captain Usman (Suresh Oberoi) visits him and gives him a diary along with a dagger (khanjar) to safeguard them. He also informs Prakash about their importance for a case under his investigation and that he has been threatened by some gangsters about them. Soon after this, Prakash learns that Usman is murdered. He also receives a call from a stranger inquiring about Usman's diary and the dagger. Meanwhile, a smart girl named Preeti (Reena Roy) starts to flirt and get closer to him to know about the diary and the dagger. Prakash notices her acts, and illustrates to the police the story of Usman's diary, the dagger, his murder and Preeti's attempts for them. They instruct him to follow her to learn about the gangsters she works with. Upon his insistence, Preeti informs him about her activities under the instructions of Prince (Amjad Khan). Soon Prince learns about her behaviour and kills her. After a few days, his brother-in-law Ramesh (Shekhar Kapur), married to his younger sister Jyoti (Rita Bhaduri), is also found murdered. Disturbed by these mysterious murders leading to the dagger, Prakash and his magician friends Jagat (Mehmood) and Rasvanti (Jashree T.) visit an old town, Udaigarh, famous for Swamiji (Amjad Khan). One mystery leads to a deeper mystery and a series of thrilling events unravel the mystery of the khanjar.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Navin Nischol]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Prakash<br /> *[[Reena Roy]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Nisha / Madhu / Preeti (Double Role)<br /> *[[Jayshree T.]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Rasvanti<br /> *[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Jagat<br /> *[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Zorawar Singh 'Swamiji' / Shamsher Singh 'Prince' (Double Role)<br /> *[[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Dr. Prem<br /> *[[Suresh Oberoi]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Captain Usman<br /> *Reeta Bhaduri &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Jyothi<br /> *[[Shekhar Kapur]] &lt;small&gt;as&lt;/small&gt; Ramesh<br /> *Gauri Verma<br /> *[[Jankidas]]<br /> *[[K. N. Singh]]<br /> *[[Manik Irani]]<br /> *Mridula<br /> *[[Murad (actor)|Murad]]<br /> *Raja Duggal<br /> *Sajjan<br /> *Sunder Taneja<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | collapsed =<br /> | headline =<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length =<br /> <br /> | all_writing =<br /> | all_lyrics = Maya Govind<br /> | all_music = Nitin Mangesh<br /> <br /> | writing_credits =<br /> | lyrics_credits =<br /> | music_credits =<br /> <br /> | title1 = Dekho Mera Ye Jantar Mantar<br /> | note1 =<br /> | writer1 =<br /> | lyrics1 =<br /> | music1 =<br /> | extra1 = Mahmood, Anjali<br /> | length1 = 3:00<br /> <br /> | title2 = Honolulu Se Aai Hoon Main<br /> | note2 =<br /> | writer2 =<br /> | lyrics2 =<br /> | music2 =<br /> | extra2 = Usha Timothy<br /> | length2 = 5:05<br /> <br /> | title3 = Lo Hum Aagaye Hain Phir Tere Dar<br /> | note3 =<br /> | writer3 =<br /> | lyrics3 =<br /> | music3 =<br /> | extra3 = Aziz Nazan<br /> | length3 = 4:50<br /> <br /> | title4 = Teri Nigah Khanjar<br /> | note4 =<br /> | writer4 =<br /> | lyrics4 =<br /> | music4 =<br /> | extra4 = Aziz Nazan<br /> | length4 = 3:55<br /> <br /> | title5 = Tum Meri Zindagi Ho<br /> | note5 = Solo<br /> | writer5 =<br /> | lyrics5 =<br /> | music5 =<br /> | extra5 = Arati Mukherjee<br /> | length5 = 6:00<br /> <br /> | title6 = Tum Meri Zindagi Ho<br /> | note6 = Duet<br /> | writer6 =<br /> | lyrics6 =<br /> | music6 =<br /> | extra6 = Jaspal Singh, Aarti Mukharjee<br /> | length6 = 5:00<br /> <br /> | title7 = Zinda Hoon Magar Zinda Hoon Nahin<br /> | note7 =<br /> | writer7 =<br /> | lyrics7 =<br /> | music7 =<br /> | extra7 = Arati Mukherjee<br /> | length7 = 5:05<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|0154730|Khanjar}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1980 films]]<br /> [[Category:1980 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1980 Indian films]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baaz_(1992_film)&diff=455930 2026-03-03T23:27:20Z

<p>AarohamResort: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Baaz<br /> | image = Baaz 1992 poster.png<br /> | caption = Promotional Poster<br /> | director = S.Subhash<br /> | writer = <br /> | starring = [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]]<br /> | producer = S.G.Jethani<br /> | music = [[Anand–Milind]]<br /> | editing = <br /> | studio = Studio Link<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1992|11|6}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Baaz''''' is a 1992 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] directed by S. Subhash,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=1992-11-06 |title=Baaz Cast List {{!}} Baaz Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/baaz-2/cast/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; starring [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] and [[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/BAAZ-PRESS-BOOK-BOLLYWOOD-GOVINDA/261629323074?_trksid=p2047675.c100010.m2109&amp;_trkparms=aid%3D555012%26algo%3DPW.MBE%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D20131231084308%26meid%3Db657e4afa10d44e6bfc333e468586a80%26pid%3D100010%26prg%3D20131231084308%26rk%3D19%26rkt%3D24%26sd%3D261629303052|title=Baaz LP Records|publisher=ebay|accessdate=19 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baaz (1992) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/baaz-7342 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125141247/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/baaz-7342 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Cinestaan}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a remake of Tamil film ''[[Jeeva (1988 film)|Jeeva]]'' (1988).<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Deva is a professional photographer. His life takes an unexpected turn when one of his model is killed. The killer asks for a diary but Deva is totally unaware about it. He tries to find out the killer and his motive.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]] as Deva<br /> * [[Sonam (actress)|Sonam]]<br /> * [[Archana Puran Singh]] as Monica<br /> * [[Tinnu Anand]] as Somnath<br /> * [[Anjana Mumtaz]]<br /> * [[Dalip Tahil]]<br /> * [[Dinesh Hingoo]]<br /> * [[Sudhir (Hindi actor)|Sudhir]] as Gogi<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Song title !! Singer<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | &quot;Deewana Meri Jaan&quot;<br /> | [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | &quot;Peete Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Sudesh Bhosle]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | &quot;Meri Bholi&quot;<br /> | [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]]<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | &quot;Resham Jaisa Rang&quot;<br /> | [[Sapna Mukherjee]]<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | &quot;Saat Sau Khidki&quot;<br /> | Kavita Krishnamurthy<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://muvyz.com/moviepage/by133124/songs/#tabs|title = Baaz (1992) &amp;#124; Hindi Movie Songs - Bollywood MuVyz}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt2015304}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1992 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]<br /> [[Category:1992 Hindi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller films]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]<br /> [[Category:1992 action thriller films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senthoora_Poove&diff=471092 2026-03-03T05:12:01Z

<p>AarohamResort: minor cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{for|the TV series|Senthoora Poove (TV series)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Senthoora Poove poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = P. R. Devaraj<br /> | writer = [[Aabavanan]]<br /> | producer = Aabavanan<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Vijayakanth]]|[[Ramki]]|[[Nirosha]]}}<br /> | cinematography = M. M. Rengasamy<br /> | editing = R. T. Annadurai<br /> | music = [[Manoj–Gyan]]<br /> | studio = Tamil Ponni Arts<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|1988|09|23}}<br /> | runtime = 165 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | gross = {{INR}}2.5 crore<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Senthoora Poove''''' ({{translation|Saffron Flower}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]], directed by P. R. Devaraj, starring [[Vijayakanth]], [[Ramki]], and [[Nirosha]], while [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]], [[Sripriya]], [[C. L. Anandan]], [[Vijaya Lalitha]], [[Anandaraj]], [[Senthil]], and [[Charle]] play supporting roles. The story is about how a young girl is ill-treated by her stepmother and how her brother's friend saves her and her husband. It was released on 23 September 1988, and grossed {{INR}}2.5 crore. Vijayakanth became popularly known by the sobriquet &quot;Captain&quot; for playing one in the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthikeyan |date=23 September 2023 |title=35 Years of Senthoora Poove: மறுத்த சத்யராஜ்..கேப்டனை உச்சத்தில் நிறுத்திய 'செந்தூரப்பூவே' - 35 ஆண்டுகள் நிறைவு! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijayakanths-senthoora-poove-movie-completes-35-years-of-its-release-131695429142314.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106051758/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijayakanths-senthoora-poove-movie-completes-35-years-of-its-release-131695429142314.html |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was remade in [[Kannada]] in 1992 as ''[[Mallige Hoove]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-28 |title=Best films of 'mass' actor Vijayakanth and where you can watch them |url=https://thefederal.com/category/entertainment/best-films-of-mass-actor-vijayakanth-and-where-you-can-watch-them-104629 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The Federal |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229052539/https://thefederal.com/category/entertainment/best-films-of-mass-actor-vijayakanth-and-where-you-can-watch-them-104629 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Captain Soundarapandian, a terminally ill convict, hospitalised and nearing death, evades police security and escapes from the hospital. He arrives in Nilambur and confronts a couple, Ashok and Ponni, who are running away from someone. As they board a train, Soundarapandian gets a massive headache and faints in railway track. Seeing a train speeding towards him, Ashok dismounts the train to rescue him. While taking him away from the track, Ponni is abducted by some goons pursuing them. The rest of the goons engage in a fight with Ashok, who is almost defeated when Soundarapandian regains consciousness and subdues them. Ashok and his confidante Gopal take Soundarapandian to the former's shelter, where Gopal hints to have seen Soundarapandian somewhere but does not reveal much due to Soundarapandian's gestures. Meanwhile, Dr. Sundaramurthy, who treats Soundarapandian, decides to find his patient on his own, due to the police forces' inefficiency.<br /> <br /> Ashok reveals the reason why the goons were following them. Ashok arrived in Nilambur as a field officer. He fell in love with Ponni after hearing her sing a song. Ponni is the daughter of a henpecked landlord Rajavelu. Rajavelu, after his wife's death, married an ambitious woman, Ponnamma, who tortures Ponni for her wealth. As a child, Ponni's marriage was conducted by the evil Ponnamma. After her husband's death, she is forced to live her life of a widow. Ponnamma did this all for amassing Ponni's wealth. The only person who used to be kind to her was Oomaiyan, Ponnamma's son. However, after picking a fight owing to an unfortunate incident with his mother, he left the village, promising to return soon. As soon as Ponni begins to have feelings for Ashok, Ponnamma discovers the truth and swears to separate them.<br /> <br /> Soundarapandian's tale is also revealed in a nonlinear way (as his memories). Soundarapandian was a soldier, who, along with a young teacher Radha, jailed a local thug Udayappan. Soundarapandian later married Radha. Gopal was from Soundarapandian's village. Years later, a young man joins their family as a servant. Udayappan, upon escaping from prison, murders Soundarapandian's wife, son, and the servant. Soundarapandian manages to kill Udayappan but not before the latter severely beats him. The servant was Ponni's stepbrother Oomaiyan, who, before his death, had requested Soundarapandian to save Ponni from his evil mother, Ponnamma. This was the reason behind his arrival to village. After failing to negotiate with Ponnamma, Soundarapandian plots to secretly take Ponni away from her house. However, the plan fails, and a nearly killed Soundarapandian is saved by Sundaramurthy.<br /> <br /> After learning about Soundarapandian's condition, Ashok decides to leave his love and the village to make Soundarapandian continue his treatment. He later drops the plan after thinking more about it. Soundarapandian, Ashok, and Sundaramurthy make one last attempt to save Ponni. Having enough of his wife, Ponni's father helps her escape and later asks his wife to consume poison before he commits suicide. Ponnamma and her husband both die. Although Ponnamma's goons follow them, Ashok, Ponni, Sundaramurthy, and Soundarapandian manage to escape in a train with Soundarapandian almost dead.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Vijayakanth]] as Captain Soundarapandian<br /> *[[Ramki]] as Ashok<br /> *[[Nirosha]] as Ponni (Senthoora Poove)<br /> *[[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Dr. Sundaramurthy<br /> *[[C. L. Anandan]] as Rajavelu, Ponni's father<br /> *[[Vijaya Lalitha]] as Ponnamma<br /> *[[Senthil]] as Gopal<br /> *[[Charle]] as Pacchi<br /> *Muralidharan as Oomaiyan<br /> * Azhagu as Parameshwaran<br /> *[[Pasi Narayanan]] as Annakaavadi<br /> *[[Sripriya]] as Radha (Guest Appearance)<br /> *[[Anandaraj]] as Udayappan (Guest Appearance) <br /> *[[Kullamani]]<br /> *[[Karuppu Subbiah]]<br /> *[[Vellai Subbaiah]]<br /> *[[Pakoda Kadhar]]<br /> *Sivaraman<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> [[Sathyaraj]] was the initial choice for the role that Vijayakanth later played.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chitra |date=21 March 2021 |title=செந்தூரப்பூவே, விஜயகாந்த் இடத்தில் நடிக்கயிருந்தது யார் தெரியுமா? கதை எழுதியதே அவருக்காகத் தானாம்! |url=https://www.cinemapettai.com/sendoorapove-captain-character-first-choice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701232709/https://www.cinemapettai.com/sendoorapove-captain-character-first-choice/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Cinemapettai |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[Manoj–Gyan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senthoora Poove |url=https://avdigital.in/products/senthoora-poove |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203081006/https://avdigital.in/products/senthoora-poove |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=AVDigital}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Senthoora Poove (1988) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/movie/T0001925.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202181120/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/movie/T0001925.html |archive-date=2 December 2011 |access-date=10 December 2011 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For the dubbed [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version ''Sindhura Puvvu'', all lyrics were written by [[Rajasri (writer)|Rajasri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sindhura Puvvu |url=https://gaana.com/album/sindhura-puvvu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106051117/https://gaana.com/album/sindhura-puvvu |archive-date=6 January 2024 |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Tamil<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 33:30<br /> | title1 = Kiliye Ilangkiliye<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br /> | length1 = 5:05<br /> | title2 = Sothanai Theeravillae<br /> | lyrics2 = Vairamuthu<br /> | extra2 = [[P. Jayachandran]]<br /> | length2 = 4:37<br /> | title3 = Sendhoora Poove<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]<br /> | extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], B. S. Sasirekha<br /> | length3 = 4:41<br /> | title4 = Chinna Kannan<br /> | lyrics4 = Muthulingam<br /> | extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | length4 = 4:12<br /> | title5 = Vaadi Pula<br /> | lyrics5 = Muthulingam<br /> | extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan<br /> | length5 = 4:18<br /> | title6 = Varape Thalaiyaane<br /> | lyrics6 = [[Aabavanan]]<br /> | extra6 = [[T. S. Raghavendra]], B. S. Sasirekha<br /> | length6 = 4:16<br /> | title7 = Muthu Mani Pallaaku<br /> | lyrics7 = Aabavanan<br /> | extra7 = B. S. Sasirekha<br /> | length7 = 4:50<br /> | title8 = Aathukulle Yelelo<br /> | lyrics8 = Aabavanan<br /> | extra8 = Raghavendar, B. S. Sasirekha<br /> | length8 = 1:31<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Telugu<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 18:40<br /> | title1 = Sindhura Puvva<br /> | extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | length1 = 4:35<br /> | title2 = Chilaka Rachilaka<br /> | extra2 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]<br /> | length2 = 5:04<br /> | title3 = Kanivini Yerugani<br /> | extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra<br /> | length3 = 4:06<br /> | title4 = Ninu Yevaro Kottarata<br /> | extra4 = Mano, S. P. Sailaja<br /> | length4 = 1:22<br /> | title5 = Thurupamma Mudda<br /> | extra5 = Mano<br /> | length5 = 2:04<br /> | title6 = Yetilona Yelleti<br /> | extra6 = Mano, S. P. Sailaja<br /> | length6 = 1:28<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote &quot;[..] the knot on which ''Senthoora Poove'' bases [..] cooks up another cinematic stew and serves it in style&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 September 1988 |title=Senthoora Poove |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19880930&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=16 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' criticised the story.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=9 October 1988 |title=செந்தூர பூவே |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/oct/09-10-1988/p17.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730054041/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/oct/09-10-1988/p17.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=17 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vijaykanth won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2023 |title=Vijayakanth (1952–2023): Tamil Nadu loses its Captain |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijayakanth-tamil-nadu-loses-its-captain-1952-2023-9085790/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228093900/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vijayakanth-tamil-nadu-loses-its-captain-1952-2023-9085790/ |archive-date=28 December 2023 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Cinema Express Awards|Cinema Express Award for Best Character Actor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 March 1989 |title=Cinema Express readers choose Agni Nakshathiram |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19890311&amp;printsec=frontpage |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; K. Sampath was awarded [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Audiographer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=23 June 2016 |title=Sound knowledge |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Sound-knowledge/article14397113.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426052424/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Sound-knowledge/article14397113.ece |archive-date=26 April 2022 |access-date=26 April 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> ''Senthoora Poove'' is one of only two films directed by P. R. Devaraj, the other being ''[[Ilaya Ragam]]'' (1995) before his death in May 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=24 May 2016 |title=செந்தூரப்பூவே இயக்குனர் பி.ஆர்.தேவராஜ் விபத்தில் மரணம் |url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/director-pr-devaraj-passes-away-by-road-accident-116052400028_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011093742/https://tamil.webdunia.com/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/director-pr-devaraj-passes-away-by-road-accident-116052400028_1.html |archive-date=11 October 2025 |access-date=11 October 2025 |website=Webdunia |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=1 December 1995 |title=Cinema: Aayudha Pujai/Ilayaragam |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/951202/03/0131a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961221212158/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/951202/03/0131a.html |archive-date=21 December 1996 |access-date=20 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the film's release, Vijayakanth earned the title and nickname &quot;Captain&quot;, which was further popularised with the release of ''[[Captain Prabhakaran]]'' in 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet |number=1743073159010726032 |user=cinemapatti |title=Late #Vijaykanth didn't get CAPTAIN name from CAPTAIN PRABHAKARAN movie. It came much earlier through one of his movie called SENTHOORA POOVE. 1988 movie. In that movie his name was 'Captain Soundarapandian'.. post that movie's release only, people started to call him by that name.. and CAPTAIN PRABHAKARAN movie released after that in the year 1991. |author=Cinemapatti |date=4 January 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203061308/https://twitter.com/cinemapatti/status/1743073159010726032 |archive-date=3 February 2024 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rohini |date=28 December 2023 |title=கேப்டன் பிரபாகரன் படத்தில் நடிச்சதால கேப்டன் பேர் வரல! உண்மையான காரணம் கேட்டா ஆச்சரியப்படுவீங்க |url=https://cinereporters.com/the-name-captain-has-come-from-that-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423101332/https://cinereporters.com/the-name-captain-has-come-from-that-movie/ |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=CineReporters |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following Vijayakanth's death in December 2023, ''[[Film Companion]]'' included the film in their list &quot;7 Vijayakanth Films That Left an Indian Cinema Legacy&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 December 2023 |title=7 Vijayakanth Films That Left an Indian Cinema Legacy |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/web-stories/7-vijayakanth-films-that-left-an-indian-cinema-legacy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229055838/https://www.filmcompanion.in/web-stories/7-vijayakanth-films-that-left-an-indian-cinema-legacy |archive-date=29 December 2023 |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1988 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1980s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1988 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Manoj–Gyan]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by Aabavanan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lee_(2007_film)&diff=468115 2026-03-03T04:25:55Z

<p>AarohamResort: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Lee 2007 poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Poster<br /> | director = [[Prabhu Solomon]]<br /> | writer = Prabhu Solomon<br /> | producer = [[Sathyaraj]]&lt;br /&gt;Maheswari Sathyaraj<br /> | starring = [[Sibiraj]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Prakash Raj]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Meera Chopra|Nila]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Rajesh Yadav (cinematographer)|Rajesh Yadav]]<br /> | music = [[D. Imman]]<br /> | studio = Nathambal Film Factory<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2007|02|16|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lee |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lee-17580 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625074733/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/lee-17580 |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Cinestaan}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Lee''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Sports film|sports]] [[action film]] directed by [[Prabhu Solomon]] and produced by noted actor [[Sathyaraj]]. The film stars Sathyaraj's son [[Sibi Sathyaraj|Sibiraj]], [[Prakash Raj]] and [[Meera Chopra|Nila]]. It had an average run at the box office.<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Lee and his friends enjoy playing football and doing odd jobs. Chellama, who works at a facility for people with mental challenges, also hangs out with them. However, things take a serious turn when Chellama witnesses Lee and his friends trying to assassinate a politician. This shocks her and leaves her wondering why they would do such a thing.<br /> <br /> The answer lies in their college days, where they were a successful football and cricket team under the guidance of their mentor Butthiran. However, the college principal Rangabashyam wanted his son to be part of the team, but the coach insisted on selecting players based on merit, exposing his drug addiction to his to be in-law. This led to the coach and team being expelled from the college, but they continued playing in another college and won a big tournament.<br /> <br /> However, Rangabashyam sabotaged their success, leading to one team member committing suicide and on confrontation, the whole team tied up and forced to watch as Rangabashyam kills Puthiran, resulting in the team falling apart. Rangabashyam, on the other hand, rose to become a minister in politics. The rest of the story follows the conflicts between Lee and his friends and Rangabashyam.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Sibiraj]] as Leelatharan (Lee)<br /> *[[Meera Chopra|Nila]] as Chellam<br /> *[[Prakash Raj]] as Buthiran<br /> *[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as Rangabashyam<br /> *[[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]] as Sashi<br /> *[[Pandi (actor)|Pandi]]<br /> *[[Sabitha Anand]]<br /> *[[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Leelatharan's friend<br /> *[[Vidharth]] as Goon (uncredited)<br /> *[[Munnar Ramesh]] (uncredited)<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Lee'' was produced by Satyaraj, which stars his son [[Sibiraj]] in the lead role. Prabhu Solomon, who had made an action film ''Kokki'' earlier, directed the film. Sibiraj plays Leeladharan alias Lee, a professional football player. Nila plays the female lead. Prakash Raj plays the football coach in the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 February 2007 |title=Sibi on Lee |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sibi-on-lee-tamil-news-29179 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130633/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sibi-on-lee-tamil-news-29179 |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |website=IndiaGlitz}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was launched at Green Park Hotel, Chennai on 25 August 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/25082006-4.shtml|date=25 August 2006|access-date=17 April 2025|title=Inauguration of Sibi film 'Lee' – Vijay/Surya's best wishes / with pics|website=Cinesouth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018063409/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/25082006-4.shtml|archive-date=18 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since Sibiraj plays football, he underwent football coaching at the YMCA every evening. Director Solomon shot a major portion of Lee on the busy roads of Chennai. The film was shot on busy roads without the public even being aware of it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lee Preview |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/lee-preview-tamil-movie-8761 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926090106/https://www.indiaglitz.com/lee-preview-tamil-movie-8761 |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |website=IndiaGlitz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20080418152853/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/05/stories/2007010500400400.htm --&gt;&lt;!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20070104225229/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/29122006-2.shtml --&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[D. Imman]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | total_length = 20:51<br /> | title1 = Ada Naan Oru Mathiri Da<br /> | extra1 = [[Sayanora Philip]]<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> | title2 = Jelina O Jelina<br /> | extra2 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Pop Shalini]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Yugabharathi]]<br /> | title3 = Oru Kalavaani Payale<br /> | extra3 = [[Madhushree]], [[Naresh Iyer]]<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Vairamuthu]]<br /> | title4 = Rock Rock Rock<br /> | extra4 = Bhargavi Pillai<br /> | lyrics4 = Eknaath<br /> | title5 = Yaaru Yaaru<br /> | extra5 = [[Kailash Kher]]<br /> | lyrics5 = [[Pa. Vijay]]<br /> | length1 = 04:13<br /> | length2 = 04:00<br /> | length3 = 04:17<br /> | length4 = 04:18<br /> | length5 = 04:03<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Critical reception ==<br /> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, &quot;First and foremost the film has nothing to do with football and is another revenge drama. In the end there is a long speech by Lee about how corruption, nepotism have seeped into the game of football in India where cricket rules.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 February 2007 |title=Lee |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/lee-review-tamil-pclwkTjihdbgh.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926090057/http://www.sify.com/movies/lee-review-tamil-pclwkTjihdbgh.html |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' wrote, &quot;Lee may revert to the standard masala elements at points, especially with regard to some stunts (such as ''[[The Matrix (franchise)|Matrix]]'' style jumps from one building to the other and flying [[Maruti Omni]]s) but it is still different from any other Tamil movie you might have seen off late.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |first=Shweta |date=19 February 2007 |title=Lee is a a[sic] brave attempt |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sslee/20070219.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926090126/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sslee/20070219.htm |archive-date=26 September 2018 |access-date=26 September 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the cinematography, music, stunts, acting of Sibiraj and added the next scenes move smoothly and the elegence of screenplay that keep the audience on the edge of their seats till the end should be given bouquet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=4 March 2007 |title=லீ |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-03-04/page/50/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240417140250/https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-03-04/page/50/mode/2up |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=50–51 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Prabhu Solomon}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2007 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 sports films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 action films]]<br /> [[Category:2007 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Prabhu Solomon]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian association football films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films about revenge]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sports films]]<br /> [[Category:Sports action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language action films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language sports films]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Movement_in_Israel&diff=473756 2026-03-02T03:23:45Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Islamist movement in Israel}}<br /> [[File:Raed Salah.JPG|thumb|[[Raed Salah]], the leader of the Northern Branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel]]&lt;!--FIXME: not sure how to transcribe it to English--&gt;<br /> <br /> The '''Islamic Movement in Israel''' ({{langx|ar|الحركة الإسلامية في إسرائيل}}; {{langx|he|התנועה האסלאמית}}), also known as the '''Islamic Movement in '48 Palestine''' ({{langx|ar|الحركة الإسلامية في فلسطين 48}}), is an [[Islamist movement]] that advocates for [[Islam in Israel]], particularly among [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arabs]] and [[Circassians in Israel|Circassians]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=On the Banning of the Islamic Movement in 48 Palestine |url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/on-the-banning-of-the-islamic-movement-in-48-palestine/ |website=Palestine Chronicle |access-date=13 February 2024 |date=18 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The movement was established and led by [[Abdullah Nimar Darwish]] from 1971 to 1991, when he was replaced by [[Ibrahim Sarsur]]. In 1996 the movement decided to participate in the Israeli parliamentary elections for the first time in history. The decision was controversial. Opponents of the participation—based in [[Umm el-Fahm|Umm al-Fahm]]—branched off and were named the &quot;Northern Branch&quot; while the supporters—based in [[Kfar Qasim]]—were named the &quot;Southern Branch&quot;.&lt;ref name=haayin1&gt;{{cite news |last1=Deskel |first1=Shlomi |title=המדיניות המעשית |trans-title=The practical policy |url=http://www.the7eye.org.il/38605|access-date=13 November 2016|work=[[HaAyin HaShevi'it]] |date=9 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Southern Branch is considered more moderate, and the Northern Branch more radical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Yair |last=Ettinger |title=בת ברית מפתיעה לשרון - התנועה האיסלמית |language=he |trans-title=A Surprising Ally for Sharon - the Islamic Movement |url=http://news.walla.co.il/?w=//616044 |publisher=Walla! News |date=2004-10-25 |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050503134333/http://news.walla.co.il/?w=%2F%2F616044 |archive-date=2005-05-03 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bard, Mitchell G.: ''Death to the Infidels: Radical Islam's War Against the Jews'', p. 205&lt;/ref&gt; The Northern Branch was banned by the Israeli government in November 2015 due to alleged ties with [[Hamas]] and the [[Muslim Brotherhood]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===Before the establishment of the Movement===<br /> {{further|Muslim history in Palestine|Islamization of Palestine}}<br /> [[File:Sekh-hmad-abu-dabees.jpg|thumb|[[Hamed Abu Daabas]], the leader of the Southern Branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel]]The origins of the Islamic Movement can be traced back to the late years of [[Mandatory Palestine]]. Early organization began in the days of the [[1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine]], however, it only began gaining momentum after [[World War II]] as a result of cooperation between the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem]] [[Haj Amin al-Husseini]] and the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], which is the parent movement of the Islamic Movement in Israel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7192 |title=התעוררות דתית, פונדמנטליזם ורדיקליזם דתי אצל המוסלמים אזרחי ישראל |language=he |trans-title=Religious Awakening, Radicalism and Religious Fundamentalism among Muslim Citizens of Israel |access-date=2008-05-03 |author=Danny Rabinowitz |publisher=Matach: The Center for Educational Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the [[1948 Palestine war]], the movement cooperated with the [[Arab Higher Committee]], much like the Egyptian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, which cooperated with the Egyptian military. As a result, it suffered a major setback following the war as all of its institutions in the newly formed Jewish state were shut down. During the period of [[martial law]] on [[Israeli Arabs]] between 1949 and 1966, the movement was suppressed. The institutions that remained in the [[West Bank]] were put under the control of Jordanian authorities, who controlled the West Bank. Though a mild recovery took place in the [[Gaza Strip]] during the 1950s under Egyptian rule, there too its influence steadily declined until 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Muslim Fundamentalism in Israel |last=Yisraeli |first=Rafi |year=1993 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |page=18 |isbn=978-0080417936}} as cited at: http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7192&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Six-Day War]] in 1967 caused renewed Palestinian support, both for the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], which had transformed from a puppet organization to a militant movement, and for Islamic Palestinian movements, among them the Islamic Movement in Israel. The newly created contact between Israeli Arabs and Palestinian Arabs in the territories occupied in 1967, in which the movement had managed to remain somewhat organized, also contributed to this resurgence. As part of the new contracts, members of the Islamic Movement in Israel were sent to study in religious institutions in the [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied territories]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Israeli&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl416.htm |title=The Islamic Movement in Israel |author=Raphael Israeli |date=1999-10-15 |publisher=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs |access-date=2008-05-03 |archive-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517070552/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl416.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; At the same time, the government of [[Saudi Arabia]] began to allow Muslim citizens of Israel to perform the [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]] (all other holders of [[Israeli passport]]s are [[Visa requirements for Israeli citizens|barred from entry into that country]]).<br /> <br /> ===Establishment to split===<br /> In 1971 the Islamic Movement in Israel was founded by [[Abdullah Nimar Darwish]] after he had completed his religious studies in [[Nablus]].&lt;ref name=Holocaust&gt;{{cite news |first=Amiram |last=Barkat |title=Founder of Islamic Movement in Israel slams Holocaust denial |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/founder-of-islamic-movement-in-israel-slams-holocaust-denial-1.212724 |newspaper=Haaretz |date=2007-02-12 |access-date=15 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the 1970s the movement largely focused on establishing welfare services for the Muslim community parallel to those of the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite document |title=Umnal-Fakhim – Leadership and Organization (MA Thesis) |last=Abu Raia |first=Isam |year=1991 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University }} as cited at: http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7192&lt;/ref&gt; Among its activities were provision of computers to schools, the establishment of an Islamic [[association football|football]] league, marriage arrangement, charity, and more.<br /> <br /> Parallel to this charity work, several of the heads of the movement, led by Darwish, established an organization called Osrat al-Jihad (&quot;The Families of ''[[Jihad]]''&quot;), with the goal of establishing &quot;an Arab Islamic state in Palestine&quot;. The heads of the organization were arrested in 1981 due to allegations that they: &quot;... stockpiled weapons, burned fields, and murdered an Arab in [[Umm al-Fahm]] whom they suspected of collaborating with Israel&quot; and as a result many members (including its leader, Darwish) served sentences of between a few months to four years in prison.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v2n4p5.html |title=The Islamic Movement in Israel |access-date=2008-05-03 |author=Nachman Tal |journal=Strategic Assessment |volume=2 |issue=4 |date=February 2000 |publisher=Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel-Aviv University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024142700/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v2n4p5.html |archive-date=24 October 2007}} paragraph 4 accessed 28 July 2024&lt;/ref&gt; In prison, the members decided to continue their work under Israeli law.&lt;ref name=Dani&gt;Dr. Dan Rabinowitz, ''Religious Revival, Fundamentalism and Religious Radicalism amongst the Muslim Citizens of Israel''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During the 1980s the movement experienced a rapid increase in support.&lt;ref name=&quot;Israeli&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> With the outbreak of the [[First Intifada]], the movement established the &quot;Islamic Relief Committee&quot;, whose purpose was to assist the needy in the occupied territories, particularly those harmed by [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) operations.<br /> <br /> In 1989 the movement decided to participate in elections for several Arab localities, in which it won control of six [[city council]]s and made substantial gains in others. The most significant victory was achieved by [[Sheikh]] [[Raed Salah]] in [[Umm al-Fahm]], which subsequently became the center of the movement.<br /> <br /> The [[Oslo I Accord]] caused a split in the movement whereby the Northern Branch opposed the agreement (similarly to the position of [[Hamas]]), and the Southern Branch supported the agreement. In 1994, the activity of the movement was felt in the Jewish public when Salah attempted to mediate between Israel and Hamas on the issue of the captured Israeli soldier [[Kidnapping of Nachshon Wachsman|Nakhshon Waxman]].<br /> <br /> In 1995, [[Shin Bet]] closed down the Islamic Relief Committee after it was found that the body had been granting financial assistance to the families of Hamas members. It was quickly reopened under the name &quot;The Humanitarian Rescue Committee&quot;, whose objectives were almost identical. In 1997, the committee was closed a second time (though only for a short period), and subsequently restrictions were placed upon it.<br /> <br /> ===Two separated branches===<br /> In 1996 the movement decided to run for the [[Knesset]], following three previous rejections of the idea. The decision cemented the divisions between the Northern and Southern branches of the movement, the former, led by Raed Salah, arguing that elections should be boycotted. The Southern Branch, led by Sheikh [[Ibrahim Sarsur]], ran for elections sometimes together with the [[Arab Democratic Party (Israel)|Arab Democratic Party]] or in an Arab [[Joint List]], and sometimes independently under the name [[United Arab List]]; in 2021 it joined the Israeli government coalition.<br /> <br /> Ahead of [[Ariel Sharon]]'s visit at the [[Temple Mount]], the movement stirred agitation among Israeli Arabs. After the visit, both branches of the movement continued to incite their followers to violence in order to &quot;protect the mountain&quot;. According to the [[Or Commission]], these calls for violence contributed significantly to the heated spirits of the Arab public and caused a severe worsening in the [[October 2000 events]].<br /> <br /> In 2002 the Humanitarian Rescue Committee was shut down, and after a short period &quot;The Organization of the Humanitarian Rescue Committee&quot; was established in its stead. In the same year [[Eli Yishai]], then Interior Minister, decided to close the newspaper of the northern branch, though the decision was never implemented. <br /> <br /> In 2003 the heads of the Northern Branch of the movement were arrested under suspicion of aiding Hamas, but two-thirds were released almost immediately. The remaining suspects were detained, but most were released during 2005 after signing a [[plea bargain]]. Both the arrests and the plea bargain stirred opposition from both the left wing and right wing camps of Israeli politics. The main offenses of which those detained were accused were financial offenses such as [[tax evasion]], but also contact with a foreign agent and contact with a terrorist group. Ultimately, only the economic offenses were proved true.<br /> <br /> These two events, as well as the history of incitement by the movement, have been defining factors in the group's image among the Jewish public, most of which views it as a terrorist organization, and there have been many calls to ban the movement.<br /> <br /> In 2007, in response to [[Iran|Iranian]] [[President of Iran|President]] [[Mahmoud Ahmedinejad|Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]'s comments on [[the Holocaust]], the Islamic Movement (Southern Branch) leader Abdullah Nimr Darwish &quot;slammed&quot; the [[Holocaust denial]]. He also said that [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] texts in the Muslim world were contrary to the true spirit of Islam. At the same time, he criticized Israel for not supporting a [[Fatah–Hamas conflict#February to April 200|Saudi peace initiative]] involving Hamas and [[Fatah]].&lt;ref name=Holocaust/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012 the [[Murabitat]] and Mourabitoun were founded by the Northern Branch after fear arose that the [[Temple Mount#Under Israeli control|status quo]] at the [[Temple Mount]] would be changed by Israel.<br /> <br /> ===Banning of the Northern Branch===<br /> On 9 September 2015, Israel banned both the Murabitat and the Mourabitoun stating they were a source of incitement and violence. [[Defense Minister of Israel|Defense Minister]] [[Moshe Yaalon|Moshe Ya'alon]] said in a statement that they were the: &quot;main cause in the creation of tension and violence on the Temple Mount (al-Aqsa compound) specifically and Jerusalem in general.&quot;&lt;ref name=Hadid&gt;{{cite news|last1=Hadid|first1=Diaa|title=Israel Bans 2 Muslim Groups That Protest at Jerusalem Holy Site|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/10/world/middleeast/temple-mount-noble-sancutary-protesters.html?_r=0|access-date=10 September 2015|newspaper=New York Times|date=9 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;reuters2015sep9&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinian-israel-jerusalem-shrine/israel-bans-palestinian-activists-behind-jerusalem-shrine-protests-idUSKCN0R91XY20150909|title=Israel bans Palestinian activists behind Jerusalem shrine protests}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In November 2015 the [[Israeli Security Cabinet]], led by [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], outlawed the Northern Branch, based on evidence gathered by the [[Israel Police]] and the Israeli internal security agency—[[Shin Bet]]—which allegedly showed that the movement had close connections with [[Hamas]] and the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. The organization's suspected ties with Hamas were a major catalyst for the decision; the northern branch received funding from Hamas-affiliated groups, and collaborated with Hamas in its institutional activities.{{cn|date=June 2024}}<br /> <br /> The chief of Shin Bet, [[Yoram Cohen]], objected to the Cabinet's decision to outlaw the Northern Branch. According to him, there was no evidence linking it to terror attacks and the decision would be seen as a declaration of war on Israel's Muslim community and an assault on the political rights of its Palestinian minority. Banning the movement would, according to Cohen do: &quot;more harm than good&quot;.&lt;ref name = &quot;merip2016jan11&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://merip.org/2016/01/behind-the-ban-on-the-islamic-movement-in-israel/|title=Behind the Ban on the Islamic Movement in Israel|author=Jonathan Cook|date=12 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As a consequence of the decision to outlaw the Northern Branch, police raided more than a dozen of its offices, seized computers, files, and funds, and questioned several members, including Salah and his deputy. The Israeli government also froze the northern branch's bank accounts and ordered 17 organizations affiliated with the branch to close.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4726750,00.html|title=Israel bans northern branch of Islamic Movement| newspaper=Ynetnews |date=17 November 2015| last1=Eichner | first1=Itamar | last2=Shaalan | first2=Hassan | last3=Zitun | first3=Yoav }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Israeli law professor [[Aeyal Gross]], writing for the left-wing newspaper ''[[Haaretz]]'', claimed that the outlawing criminalized thousands of citizens. Anyone who acted on the Northern Branch's behalf, held a job in it, attended one of its meetings or possessed one of its books, periodicals or fliers or any other publication could be prosecuted and sentenced up to ten years in prison.&lt;ref name = &quot;merip2016jan11&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Foiled bombing attack ===<br /> On 27 December 2016 Shin Bet revealed that it had indicted two men suspected for planning a bombing attack in retribution for the outlawing of the Northern Branch. A third man was indicted in 2017. Shin Bet claimed that they were plotting to attack Israeli soldiers at three possible locations in the [[Negev]], [[Dimona]], [[Arad, Israel|Arad]], or the [[Nevatim Airbase]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.walla.co.il/item/3026446|title=נשק ומטענים בשלט רחוק: נחשפה חוליה שתכננה פיגועים נגד חיילים - וואלה! חדשות|date=27 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4899330,00.html|title = נחשפה חוליית טרור של ישראלים שתכננו פיגוע נגד חיילים בנגב| newspaper=Ynet |date = 27 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.b7net.co.il/article/2599|title = חשד: סגן מנהל ב&quot;קינג-סטור&quot; עמד בראש חוליית טרור}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/shin-bet-busts-islamic-movement-cell-suspected-of-planning-shooting-attack/|title=Shin Bet busts Islamic Movement cell suspected of planning shooting attack}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/shin-bet-foils-plan-by-arab-israelis-to-attack-soldiers/|title=Shin Bet foils plan by Arab Israelis to attack soldiers}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Literature ==<br /> <br /> * Rosmer, Tilde (2022). ''The Islamic Movement in Israel.'' Austin (Tex.): University of Texas press. {{ISBN|978-1-4773-2354-0}}.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Israel}}<br /> * [[History of Islamism]]<br /> * [[Islam in Israel]]<br /> * [[Arab citizens of Israel]]<br /> * [[Abdullah Nimar Darwish]]<br /> * [[Raed Salah]]<br /> * [[Hamed Abu Daabas]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Arab citizens of Israel footer|uncollapsed}}<br /> {{Israeli political parties}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> [[Category:1971 establishments in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:2015 disestablishments in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Religious organizations established in 1971]]<br /> [[Category:Religious organizations disestablished in 2015]]<br /> [[Category:Banned Islamic political parties]]<br /> [[Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Anti-Zionism in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Arab political parties in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Islamism in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Organizations affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood]]<br /> [[Category:Political parties in Israel]]<br /> [[Category:Islamic organizations based in Israel]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irrfan_Khan_filmography&diff=447804 2026-02-28T07:15:56Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|List of films by Irrfan Khan}}<br /> {{Featured list}}<br /> <br /> {{EngvarB|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}<br /> [[File:Irrfan Khan May 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Khan in 2015|alt=A photograph of Irrfan Khan in 2015]]<br /> [[Irrfan Khan]] (7 January 1967– 29 April 2020) was an Indian actor who worked in Indian and British-American films.&lt;ref name=HT&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-dies-at-53/story-Hd8s2xZ6uNeqDjgV0sl7zI.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Irrfan Khan, actor extraordinaire and India's face in the West, dies at 53|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429203444/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-dies-at-53/story-Hd8s2xZ6uNeqDjgV0sl7zI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; His on-screen debut was a minor role in [[Mira Nair]]'s ''[[Salaam Bombay!]]'' in 1988.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/irrfan-khan-death-anniversary-the-actors-first-and-last-movie-5067511.html|work=[[CNN-News18]]|title=Irrfan Khan Death Anniversary: The Actor's First and Last Movie|date=29 April 2022|accessdate=18 March 2023|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162717/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/irrfan-khan-death-anniversary-the-actors-first-and-last-movie-5067511.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He followed this with appearances in a variety of television shows in the late 1980s to 1990s including playing [[ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni]] in ''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]'' (1988), [[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]] in ''[[Kahkashan]]'' (1991), [[Vladimir Lenin]] in ''Lal Ghas Per Neele Ghodey'' (1992), a dual role in ''[[Chandrakanta (1994 TV series)|Chandrakanta]]'' (1994), and [[Valmiki]] in ''[[Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)|Jai Hanuman]]'' (1997). Khan found his television work unfulfilling and considered quitting acting.&lt;ref name=Iqbal/&gt; <br /> <br /> His career experienced a turnaround with his breakthrough role as the lead in [[Asif Kapadia]]'s ''[[The Warrior (2001 British film)|The Warrior]]'' (2001), which won the [[BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film]].&lt;ref name=Iqbal&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/25/irrfan-khan-bollywood-d-day|title=Irrfan Khan: 'I object to the term Bollywood'|date=25 July 2013|accessdate=18 March 2023|last=Iqbal|first=Nosheen|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=9 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009211929/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/25/irrfan-khan-bollywood-d-day|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bafta.org/supporting-talent/the-warrior-2001|work=British Academy of Film and Television Arts|accessdate=18 March 2023|title=The Warrior (2001)|date=23 May 2017 |archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162717/https://www.bafta.org/supporting-talent/the-warrior-2001|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He followed this with critically acclaimed villainous roles in ''[[Haasil (film)|Haasil]]'' and ''[[Maqbool]]'' (both in 2003).&lt;ref name=FFSA/&gt; For the former performance, where he played a devious politician, Khan received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-haasil-tigmanshu-dhulia-first-film-that-put-irrfan-on-the-map-7386090/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=4 July 2021|accessdate=18 March 2023|title=Revisiting Haasil: Tigmanshu Dhulia's first film that put Irrfan Khan on the map|last=Sharma|first=Sampada|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209023345/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-haasil-tigmanshu-dhulia-first-film-that-put-irrfan-on-the-map-7386090/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/tigmanshu-dhulia-remembers-irrfan-khan-as-haasil-completes-17-years-40901.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=Tigmanshu Dhulia remembers Irrfan Khan as Haasil completes 17 years|date=16 May 2020|accessdate=18 March 2023|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162723/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/tigmanshu-dhulia-remembers-irrfan-khan-as-haasil-completes-17-years-40901.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2006, Khan portrayed a first-generation [[Bengalis|Bengali]] immigrant in the Nair-directed film ''[[The Namesake (film)|The Namesake]]'' with [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] and a hitman in ''[[The Killer (2006 film)|The Killer]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-namesake-irrfan-khan-tabu-are-exquisite-in-mira-nairs-ruminative-immigrant-drama-7812245/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title=The Namesake: Irrfan Khan, Tabu are exquisite in Mira Nair's contemplative immigrant drama|accessdate=18 March 2023|date=12 March 2022|last=Rawat|first=Kshitij|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212235758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/the-namesake-irrfan-khan-tabu-are-exquisite-in-mira-nairs-ruminative-immigrant-drama-7812245/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Killer/&gt; The following year, he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his performance as a 38-year-old man waiting to marry the right woman in ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'', directed by [[Anurag Basu]].&lt;ref name=FFSA/&gt;&lt;ref name=Monty/&gt; In 2008, he received international recognition for his role as a police inspector in [[Danny Boyle]]'s ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'', which won the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]].&lt;ref name=IR&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/irrfan-khan-death-bollywood-slumdog-millionaire-life-of-pi-india-age-cause-a9499806.html|title=Irrfan Khan: Actor who found international fame in Slumdog Millionaire|date=19 May 2020|accessdate=18 March 2023|last=Hayward|first=Anthony|work=[[The Independent]]|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163632/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/irrfan-khan-death-bollywood-slumdog-millionaire-life-of-pi-india-age-cause-a9499806.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://ew.com/article/2009/02/22/oscars-slumdog-wins-best-pic/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=20 December 2019|accessdate=18 March 2023|title=Oscars: 'Slumdog' wins Best Pic|last=Korn|first=Steven|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162717/https://ew.com/article/2009/02/22/oscars-slumdog-wins-best-pic/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Khan played the eponymous athlete-turned-bandit in ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'' and the adult version of the title character in [[Ang Lee]]'s ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]'' (both in 2012). For the former, he won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]]; the latter was a critically acclaimed commercial success.&lt;ref name=Best&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/best-irrfan-khan-movies-49140-4.html|title=Best Irrfan Khan Movies|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=28 June 2021|accessdate=18 March 2023|last=Khanna|first=Kashish|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162719/https://www.filmfare.com/features/best-irrfan-khan-movies-49140-4.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, he portrayed a widower who pursues an epistolary romance with a married woman in ''[[The Lunchbox]]'' with [[Nimrat Kaur]].&lt;ref name=IR/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/13/lunchbox-bollywood-review-banked-emotions|work=[[The Observer]]|title=The Lunchbox review – 'a quiet storm of banked emotions'|last=Brooks|first=Xan|accessdate=18 March 2023|date=13 April 2014|archive-date=16 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216231510/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/13/lunchbox-bollywood-review-banked-emotions|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film, which he also produced, was a commercial success and received critical acclaim.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/movies/the-lunchbox-a-bollywood-anomaly-comes-to-america.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|last=Harris|first=Gardiner|title=An Indian Appetizer, Subtly Spiced|accessdate=18 March 2023|date=21 February 2014|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162717/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/movies/the-lunchbox-a-bollywood-anomaly-comes-to-america.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Three years later, he played supporting roles in ''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]'', ''[[Jurassic World]]'', ''[[Piku]]'', and the television miniseries ''[[Tokyo Trial (miniseries)|Tokyo Trial]]'', in which he portrayed the jurist [[Radhabinod Pal]]. In 2017, his performance as a father trying to get a place for his daughter in an elite [[English-medium education|English-medium]] school in ''[[Hindi Medium]]'' garnered him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] and also became his highest-grossing Hindi release.&lt;ref name=Best/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629203820/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hindi-medium-records-higher-box-office-opening-than-dangal-bajrangi-bhaijaan-in-china-irrfans-highest-grosser-worldwide-4420391.html|archive-date=29 June 2019|accessdate=2 April 2023|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hindi-medium-records-higher-box-office-opening-than-dangal-bajrangi-bhaijaan-in-china-irrfans-highest-grosser-worldwide-4420391.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|title=Hindi Medium records higher box office opening than Dangal, Bajrangi Bhaijaan in China; Irrfan's highest grosser worldwide|url-status=dead|last=Mk|first=Surendhar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/272046-saba-qamar-speaks-about-hindi-mediums-win-at-filmfare-awards|work=[[The News International]]|title=Saba Qamar speaks about Hindi Medium's win at Filmfare Awards|accessdate=18 March 2023|date=18 January 2018|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162718/https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/272046-saba-qamar-speaks-about-hindi-mediums-win-at-filmfare-awards|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan starred as a widower in ''[[Angrezi Medium]]'' (2020).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/angrezi-medium-movie-review-39499.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|date=18 March 2020|accessdate=18 March 2023|title=Angrezi Medium Movie Review|last=Sharma|first=Devesh|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318162717/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/angrezi-medium-movie-review-39499.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was to be his final role as he died later in the same year, aged 53.&lt;ref name=HT/&gt;&lt;ref name=Angrezi/&gt; He posthumously won Best Actor and Lifetime Achievement at the [[66th Filmfare Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2021-an-emotional-tribute-to-irrfan-khan-babil-couldnt-hold-back-tears-2411227|title=Filmfare Awards 2021: An Emotional Tribute To Irrfan Khan; Babil Couldn't Hold Back Tears|publisher=[[NDTV 24x7]]|accessdate=2 October 2022|date=11 April 2021|last=Basu|first=Nilanjana|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141611/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/filmfare-awards-2021-an-emotional-tribute-to-irrfan-khan-babil-couldnt-hold-back-tears-2411227|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Film==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+ List of Irrfan Khan film credits <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Year<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Title<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Role(s)<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Language(s)<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Notes<br /> !scope=col class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1988<br /> !scope=row|''[[Salaam Bombay!]]''<br /> |Letter writer<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/irrfan-khan-death-news-first-bollywood-movie-salaam-bombay-mira-nair-256838-2020-04-29|work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=10 September 2022|title=Irrfan Khan's first Bollywood break: A 'letter writer' in Mira Nair's iconic Salaam Bombay|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103345/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/irrfan-khan-death-news-first-bollywood-movie-salaam-bombay-mira-nair-256838-2020-04-29|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1989<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kamla Ki Maut]]'' <br /> |Ajit<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Scroll&gt;{{cite news|work=[[Scroll.in]]|url=https://scroll.in/reel/960485/irrfan-1967-2020-a-powerhouse-talent-gone-too-soon|date=29 April 2020|title=Irrfan (1967–2020): A powerhouse talent gone too soon|accessdate=10 September 2022|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011145119/https://scroll.in/reel/960485/irrfan-1967-2020-a-powerhouse-talent-gone-too-soon|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1990<br /> !scope=row|''[[Drishti (film)|Drishti]]'' <br /> |Rahul<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/drishti/cast/2030146711/|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=10 September 2022|title=Drishti|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103344/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/drishti/cast/2030146711/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Ek Doctor Ki Maut]]''<br /> |Amulya<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/ek-doctor-ki-maut-and-the-dangers-of-bureaucracy-superseding-science-119011100158_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|title='Ek Doctor Ki Maut' and the dangers of bureaucracy superseding science|last=Das Gupta|first=Uttaran|date=11 January 2019|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424155124/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/ek-doctor-ki-maut-and-the-dangers-of-bureaucracy-superseding-science-119011100158_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1991<br /> !scope=row|''[[Pita (1991 film)|Pita]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Unknown<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Scroll/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1992<br /> !scope=row|''Mujhse Dosti Karoge'' <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cfsindia.org/mujhse-dosti-karoge/|title=Mujhse Dosti Karoge|publisher=[[Children's Film Society, India]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172437/https://www.cfsindia.org/mujhse-dosti-karoge/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1993<br /> !scope=row|''Karamati Coat''<br /> |Jaggu <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=3205|title=Karamati Coat|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910181719/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=3205|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-had-only-a-3-minute-role-in-his-first-film-designed-his-own-costume/story-ptsj6S8ziy8BrZWCYK7rRN.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=29 April 2020|title=Irrfan Khan had only a 3-minute role in his first film, designed his own costume|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910181719/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/irrfan-khan-had-only-a-3-minute-role-in-his-first-film-designed-his-own-costume/story-ptsj6S8ziy8BrZWCYK7rRN.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1994<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Cloud Door}}'' <br /> |Unknown<br /> |Short film<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-cloud-door-1200438102/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=The Cloud Door|accessdate=18 September 2022|last=McCarthy|first=Todd|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172046/https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-cloud-door-1200438102/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Vaade Iraade]]''<br /> |Naresh<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vaade-iraade/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|title=Vaade Iraade|date=10 October 1994 |archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921140837/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vaade-iraade/cast/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Purush''<br /> |Siddharth<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/purush/cast/2000177932/|title=Purush|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=2 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1997<br /> !scope=row|''Private Detective: Two Plus Two Plus One''<br /> |{{sortname|Inspector|Khan|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-0gsp6c/private-detective-two-plus-two-plus-one/|work=[[Radio Times]]|title=Private Detective: Two Plus Two Plus One|accessdate=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171343/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-0gsp6c/private-detective-two-plus-two-plus-one/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1998<br /> !scope=row|''[[Such a Long Journey (film)|Such A Long Journey]]''<br /> |Gustad's Father<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/such-a-long-journey/cast/2000127394/|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|title=Such a Long Journey – Full Cast &amp; Crew|accessdate=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171340/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/such-a-long-journey/cast/2000127394/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Bada Din]]''<br /> |Police Inspector<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2606|title=Bada Din|accessdate=12 September 2022|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171339/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=2606|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1999<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Goal|dab=1999 film}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Anupam|Singh|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/30goal.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=30 May 2000|accessdate=12 September 2022|title=Goal scores!|last=Chatterji|first=Shoma|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171340/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/may/30goal.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2000<br /> !scope=row|''[[Ghaath (2000 film)|Ghaath]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Romesh &quot;Mamu&quot; Bhagwat|Dogra|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=2108|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|title=Ghaath|accessdate=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171341/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=2108|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kasoor]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Nitin|Mehta|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/lisa-ray-on-meeting-irrfan-on-kasoor-sets-he-walked-with-dignified-authority-though-he-was-a-struggling-actor/story-SxZnkipCd6Zr1LaECexQDP.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Lisa Ray on meeting Irrfan on Kasoor sets: 'He walked with dignified authority, though he was a struggling actor'|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=15 September 2022|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915200632/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/lisa-ray-on-meeting-irrfan-on-kasoor-sets-he-walked-with-dignified-authority-though-he-was-a-struggling-actor/story-SxZnkipCd6Zr1LaECexQDP.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Warrior|dab=2001 British film}}''<br /> |Lafcadia<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/may/03/1|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|title=The Warrior review – a shimmering film that already seems like a classic|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 May 2002|accessdate=15 September 2022|archive-date=2 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102084707/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/may/03/1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2002<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kali Salwar]]''<br /> |Shankar<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=13 May 2017|accessdate=15 September 2022|last=Kagalwala|first=Fatema|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unshackling-sultana/article18437382.ece|title=Unshackling Sultana|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518235444/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/unshackling-sultana/article18437382.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b4914d3|title=Kali Salwaar|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=15 September 2022|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915200632/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b4914d3|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Gunaah (2002 film)|Gunaah]]''<br /> |Pandey<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/gunaah-1200545551/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Gunaah|date=10 October 2002|accessdate=15 September 2022|last=Elley|first=Derek|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915200633/https://variety.com/2002/film/reviews/gunaah-1200545551/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Pratha''<br /> |{{sortname|Nimi|Pandey|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1930|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|title=Pratha|accessdate=15 September 2022|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915200634/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1930|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Haathi Ka Anda''<br /> |Unknown<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Haathi Ka Anda (2002)|url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/haathi-ka-anda-2002|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|access-date=9 December 2022|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209021623/https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/haathi-ka-anda-2002|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Bokshu – The Myth]]'' <br /> |High Priest<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/bokshu-the-myth-1200515561/|title=Bokshu, The Myth|last=Young|first=Deborah|date=13 June 2006|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=18 December 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132602/https://variety.com/2006/film/markets-festivals/bokshu-the-myth-1200515561/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/22sen.htm|title=Why can't an Indian make a film in English?|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|date=22 May 2002|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=18 December 2017|archive-date=4 March 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030304082824/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/22sen.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |2003<br /> !scope=row|''[[Dhund (2003 film)|Dhund]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Ajit|Khurana|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ab48dcb|title=Dhund|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171036/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ab48dcb|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Haasil (film)|Haasil]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Ranvijay|Singh|nolink=1}}<br /> |Filmfare Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88f69a05|title=Haasil|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171253/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b88f69a05|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.news9live.com/photogallery/on-irrfan-khan-death-anniversary-a-guide-to-awards-and-honours-conferred-on-acclaimed-actor-167317/gallery-page-2|title=On Irrfan Khan's death anniversary, a guide to awards and honours conferred on acclaimed actor|work=NEWS9LIVE |accessdate=18 September 2022|date=29 April 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171536/https://www.news9live.com/photogallery/on-irrfan-khan-death-anniversary-a-guide-to-awards-and-honours-conferred-on-acclaimed-actor-167317/gallery-page-2|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Supari (film)|Supari]]''<br /> |Baba<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b82c8fd78|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|title=Supari|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171718/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b82c8fd78|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Footpath (2003 film)|Footpath]]''<br /> |Sheikh<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=544|title=Footpath|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171921/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=544|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Bypass}}''<br /> |Policeman<br /> |Short film<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b89ce3055|title=The Bypass|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172729/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b89ce3055|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Maqbool]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Miyan|Maqbool|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/irrfan-khans-in-maqbool-blurred-lines-of-reality-and-fiction-for-naseeruddin-shah-7709380/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=8 January 2022|accessdate=18 September 2022|title=When Irrfan Khan's performance left Naseeruddin Shah shocked during Maqbool: 'I reached out to support him and he said...'|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173123/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/irrfan-khans-in-maqbool-blurred-lines-of-reality-and-fiction-for-naseeruddin-shah-7709380/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-hhhhhhh<br /> !scope=row|''Road To Ladakh''<br /> |Shafiq<br /> |Short film<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8937c390|title=Road to Ladakh|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172026/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8937c390|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2004<br /> !scope=row|''[[Charas (2004 film)|Charas]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Randhir Singh|Rathore|nolink=1}} <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=476|title=Charas|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170857/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=476|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Aan: Men at Work]]''<br /> |Yusuf Pathan<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c23d5d2|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|title=Aan|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170356/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c23d5d2|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Shadows of Time]]''<br /> |Yani<br /> |Bengali<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ad42629|title=Schatten Der Zeit|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170826/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8ad42629|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2005<br /> !scope=row|''[[Rog]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Inspector Uday|Rathore|nolink=1}}<br /> |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/07rog.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|title=Ilene sizzles, Irrfan impresses!|accessdate=23 September 2022|date=7 January 2005|last=Kotian|first=Harish|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923193429/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/07rog.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Chehraa]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Chandranath|Diwan|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=434|title=Chehraa|accessdate=23 September 2022|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923193430/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=434|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Chocolate (2005 film)|Chocolate]]''<br /> |Pipi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-fjxz3k/chocolate-deep-dark-secrets/|work=[[Radio Times]]|accessdate=23 September 2022|title=Chocolate – Deep Dark Secrets|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923193429/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-fjxz3k/chocolate-deep-dark-secrets/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[7½ Phere]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Manoj|Joshi|nolink=1}} <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-lpiczx/7-12-phere-more-than-a-wedding/|work=[[Radio Times]]|accessdate=23 September 2022|title=7 1/2 Phere: More Than a Wedding|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923193429/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-lpiczx/7-12-phere-more-than-a-wedding/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Film|The Film (film)}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Shameem|Bhai|nolink=1}}<br /> |Voice only<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1638|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|title=The Film|accessdate=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923193430/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1638|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2006<br /> !scope=row|''[[Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Salim|Rajabali|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/yun-hota-to-kya-hota/cast/2000141134/|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Yun Hota Kya Hota|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030090434/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/yun-hota-to-kya-hota/cast/2000141134/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Killer|dab=2006 film}}''<br /> |Vikram<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Killer&gt;{{cite web|title=The Killer Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-killer/critic-review/the-killer-movie-review/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=21 July 2006|accessdate=22 October 2022|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030195202/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/the-killer/critic-review/the-killer-movie-review/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Namesake|dab=film}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Ashoke|Ganguli|nolink=1}}<br /> |English&lt;br/&gt;Bengali<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/irrfan-khan-1967-2020-irrfan-was-always-going-to-play-ashoke-ganguli-11588142452393.html|publisher=[[Livemint]]|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Irrfan Khan (1967–2020): 'Irrfan was always going to play Ashoke Ganguli'|last=Chhabra|first=Aseem|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030090433/https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/irrfan-khan-1967-2020-irrfan-was-always-going-to-play-ashoke-ganguli-11588142452393.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Deadline: Sirf 24 Ghante]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Krish|Vaidya|nolink=1}}<br /> |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/deadline-sirf-24-ghante/cast/|title=Deadline – Sirf 24 Ghante|accessdate=22 October 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=10 November 2006 |archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030195200/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/deadline-sirf-24-ghante/cast/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Sainikudu]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Pappu|Yadav|nolink=1}}<br /> |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/he-showed-how-to-flow-with-a-role-southern-stars-salute-irrfan-khan-831657.html|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|title=He showed how to flow with a role: Southern stars salute Irrfan Khan|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=30 October 2022|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030095206/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/he-showed-how-to-flow-with-a-role-southern-stars-salute-irrfan-khan-831657.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Mr. 100%''<br /> |Vishal<br /> |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1594|title=Mr. 100%|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105215515/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=1594|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2007<br /> !scope=row|''[[Partition (2007 film)|Partition]]''<br /> |Avtar<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b6486f7|title=Partition (2008)|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106130654/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8b6486f7|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/partition/cast/2000281817/|title=Partition – Full Cast &amp; Crew|accessdate=6 April 2023|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406101714/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/partition/cast/2000281817/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Life in a... Metro]]''<br /> |Monty<br /> |Hindi<br /> |Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=FFSA&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/irrfan-khan-passes-away-40511-1.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=Irrfan Khan Passes Away|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=30 October 2022|last=Sharma|first=Devesh|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030095208/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/irrfan-khan-passes-away-40511-1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Monty&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/qOQ7Q8ZpkI73P1qoSgeu0L/Movie-Review-Life-in-a-Metro.html|publisher=[[Livemint]]|date=11 May 2007|accessdate=2 October 2022|title=Movie Review: Life in a Metro|last=Bahl|first=Taru|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030095206/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/qOQ7Q8ZpkI73P1qoSgeu0L/Movie-Review-Life-in-a-Metro.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|A|Mighty Heart|dab=film}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Javed|Habib|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c357dcc|title=A Mighty Heart (2007)|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|accessdate=3 October 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106130655/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c357dcc|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Darjeeling Limited}}''<br /> |{{sortname|The|Father|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c27bf7f|title=The Darjeeling Limited (2007)|accessdate=2 October 2022|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106130659/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8c27bf7f|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Apna Asmaan]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Ravi|Kumar|nolink=1}} <br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=229|title=Apna Asmaan|accessdate=22 October 2022|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105215516/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=229|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Aaja Nachle]]''<br /> |Farooque <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=231|title=Aaja Nachle|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105215518/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=231|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |2008<br /> !scope=row|''[[Tulsi (film)|Tulsi]]''<br /> |Suraj<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=1315|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=4 October 2022|title=Tulsi|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030095207/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie-story.php?movieid=1315|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Sunday (2008 film)|Sunday]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Kumar|Mangat|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=183|title=Sunday|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105215516/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=183|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[One Two Three]]''<br /> |Narrator<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/28one.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|title=Once, Twice, Three times a dud|last=Sen|first=Raja|date=28 March 2008|accessdate=17 March 2023|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214093735/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/28one.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Krazzy 4]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Dr.|Mukherjee|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|access-date=2 April 2023|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/krazzy-4-qkvlqs8ztfb|work=[[The Times]]|date=16 April 2008|last=Sinanan|first=Anil|title=Krazzy 4|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105160132/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/krazzy-4-qkvlqs8ztfb|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' <br /> |Thomas<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/film-review-mumbai-meri-jaan-118135/|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=26 August 2008|accessdate=1 October 2022|title=Film Review: Mumbai Meri Jaan|last=Bhaskaran|first=Gautaman|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929155214/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/film-review-mumbai-meri-jaan-118135/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Chamku]]''<br /> |Vishal Kapoor <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chamku/cast/|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=2 December 2022|title=Chamku Cast &amp; Crew|date=29 August 2008 |archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221175517/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chamku/cast/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Migration''<br /> |{{Small|Unknown}}<br /> |Short film<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/arjun-mathur-acting-debut-migration-film-mira-nair-irrfan-khan-first-of-many-7281731/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=22 April 2021|accessdate=3 December 2022|title=First of Many: Arjun Mathur revisits Migration|last=Shekhar|first=Mimansa|archive-date=14 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214225034/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/arjun-mathur-acting-debut-migration-film-mira-nair-irrfan-khan-first-of-many-7281731/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''<br /> |Police Inspector<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-43476602|title=Obituary: Irrfan Khan, star of Slumdog Millionaire and Indian films|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=22 October 2022|publisher=[[BBC News]]|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030090834/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-43476602|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[New York, I Love You]]''<br /> |Mansukhbhai<br /> |Anthology film&lt;br/&gt;Segment: &quot;Mira Nair&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/new-york-i-love-you/cast/2030164374/|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|title=New York, I Love You|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030093648/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/new-york-i-love-you/cast/2030164374/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Dil Kabaddi]]''<br /> |Samit <br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=321|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Dil Kabaddi|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030093648/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=321|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2009<br /> !scope=row|''[[Billu Barber|Billu]]'' <br /> |Billu<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/feb/13review-billu.htm|title=Take your kids to Billu|last=Sen|first=Raja|date=13 February 2009|accessdate=22 October 2022|work=[[Rediff.com]]|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082754/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/feb/13review-billu.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[New York (2009 film)|New York]]''<br /> |Roshan<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/movies/27saltz.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=26 June 2009|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Friendships in the Big City, Bent by 9/11|last=Saltz|first=Rachel|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624235759/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/movies/27saltz.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Acid Factory]]'' <br /> |Kaiser<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/acid-factory/cast/2000137514/|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Acid Factory|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082733/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/acid-factory/cast/2000137514/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2010<br /> !scope=row|''[[Right Yaaa Wrong]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Inspector Vinay|Patnaik|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-up87da/right-yaaa-wrong/|work=[[Radio Times]]|title=Right Yaaa Wrong|accessdate=30 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082736/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-up87da/right-yaaa-wrong/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Tony|Khosla|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-3qn1pi/knock-out/|work=[[Radio Times]]|title=Knock Out|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082733/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-3qn1pi/knock-out/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Hisss]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Inspector Vikram|Gupta|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/a-decade-decoded-201973|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|title=A decade decoded|date=28 February 2016|accessdate=30 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030082733/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/a-decade-decoded-201973|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2011<br /> !scope=row|''[[Yeh Saali Zindagi]]''<br /> |Arun<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-yeh-saali-zindagi-rocks/20110204.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=4 February 2011|accessdate=12 September 2022|title=Yeh Saali Zindagi review: A twisted entertainer|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171338/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-yeh-saali-zindagi-rocks/20110204.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Wasiullah &quot;Musafir&quot;|Khan|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-review-7-khoon-maaf-is-a-bloody-good-film-1509292|work=[[Daily News &amp; Analysis]]|date=21 November 2013|accessdate=12 September 2022|title=Review: '7 Khoon Maaf' is a bloody good film|last=Chettiar|first=Blessy|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171343/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-review-7-khoon-maaf-is-a-bloody-good-film-1509292|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Thank You (2011 film)|Thank You]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Vikram|Chopra|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/thank-you/cast/2000070023/|title=Thank You – Full Cast &amp; Crew|accessdate=12 September 2022|publisher=[[TV Guide]]|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912171343/https://www.tvguide.com/movies/thank-you/cast/2000070023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2012<br /> !scope=row|''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Paan Singh|Tomar}}<br /> |National Film Award for Best Actor&lt;br/&gt;Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|accessdate=2 April 2023|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/movies/irrfan-khan-stars-in-paan-singh-tomar.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 March 2012|last=Saltz|first=Rachel|title=A Rebel's Tale|archive-date=16 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216074216/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/movies/irrfan-khan-stars-in-paan-singh-tomar.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bqplbNLbv71lzCA9954ROO/Paan-Singh-Tomar-wins-national-award-for-best-film.html|publisher=[[Livemint]]|accessdate=10 September 2022|date=10 March 2013|title=National Film Awards: 'Paan Singh Tomar', 'Vicky Donor' big winners|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109114734/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/bqplbNLbv71lzCA9954ROO/Paan-Singh-Tomar-wins-national-award-for-best-film.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/the-filmfare-awards-list-is-out-2160-1.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=The Filmfare Awards list is out...|date=21 January 2013|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103346/https://www.filmfare.com/news/the-filmfare-awards-list-is-out-2160-1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Amazing Spider-Man|dab=film}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Dr. Rajit|Ratha|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/irrfan-khan-to-play-villain-in-the-amazing-spider-man-3/story-uentyIlyOZGXrTONZ0viJO.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Irrfan Khan to play villain in The Amazing Spider-Man 3?|date=9 May 2014|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103400/https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/irrfan-khan-to-play-villain-in-the-amazing-spider-man-3/story-uentyIlyOZGXrTONZ0viJO.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Pi|Patel}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/dec/20/life-of-pi-review|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Life of Pi – review|date=20 December 2012|accessdate=10 September 2022|last=Bradshaw|first=Peter|archive-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314160402/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/dec/20/life-of-pi-review|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2013<br /> !scope=row|''[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster Returns]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Indrajeet Pratap|Singh|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-waiting-for-a-lighter-romantic-role-irrfan-khan/story-SyET43TGoF3Gjc8a0UV6UL.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=20 September 2013|accessdate=19 September 2022|title=I am waiting for a lighter, romantic role: Irrfan Khan|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172625/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-waiting-for-a-lighter-romantic-role-irrfan-khan/story-SyET43TGoF3Gjc8a0UV6UL.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Lunchbox}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Saajan|Fernandes|nolink=1}}<br /> |Also producer<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/looking-back-on-irrfan-khans-performance-in-the-lunchbox-a-role-that-celebrated-the-magnetic-actors-strengths-8326071.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|title=Looking back on Irrfan Khan's performance in The Lunchbox, a role that celebrated the magnetic actor's strengths|date=3 May 2020|accessdate=19 September 2022|last=Adlakha|first=Siddhant|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170909/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/looking-back-on-irrfan-khans-performance-in-the-lunchbox-a-role-that-celebrated-the-magnetic-actors-strengths-8326071.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[D-Day (2013 film)|D-Day]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Wali|Khan|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/irrfan-khan-53583-1.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=On Irrfan Khan's death anniversary, a look at his most memorable movie dialogues|last=Pardiwalla|first=Tanzim|accessdate=19 September 2022|date=29 April 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171618/https://www.filmfare.com/features/irrfan-khan-53583-1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Qissa (film)|Qissa]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Umber|Singh|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-the-partition-of-identity-2063039|work=[[Daily News &amp; Analysis]]|title=The Partition of identity|date=5 December 2017|accessdate=18 September 2022|last=Madhukalya|first=Amrita|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921072307/https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-the-partition-of-identity-2063039|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2014 <br /> !scope=row|''[[Gunday]]''<br /> |ACP Satya<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/gunday-review-it-is-a-mash-up-of-many-popular-blockbusters/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title='Gunday' review: It is a mash-up of many popular blockbusters|date=14 February 2014|accessdate=19 September 2022|last=Gupta|first=Shubhra|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173949/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/gunday-review-it-is-a-mash-up-of-many-popular-blockbusters/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Xposé}}''<br /> |{{sortname|Alec|D'Costa|nolink=1}} / Narrator<br /> |Cameo appearance<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anant-mahadevans-film-the-xpose-inspired-by-yesteryear-bollywood-actors-yo-yo-honey-singhs-character-in-the-xpose-is-based-on-pran-himesh-reshammiyas-ravi-kumar-has-been-modelled-on-raaj-kumar/articleshow/33130996.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Anant Mahadevan's film 'The Xpose' inspired by yesteryear Bollywood actors|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=19 September 2022|last=Kotwani|first=Hiten|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920212039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anant-mahadevans-film-the-xpose-inspired-by-yesteryear-bollywood-actors-yo-yo-honey-singhs-character-in-the-xpose-is-based-on-pran-himesh-reshammiyas-ravi-kumar-has-been-modelled-on-raaj-kumar/articleshow/33130996.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-film-review-the-xpose-attempts-to-say-too-many-things-at-a-time-1989160|work=[[Daily News &amp; Analysis]]|date=26 March 2015|last=Joshi|first=Tushar|title=Film Review: The Xpose attempts to say too many things at a time|accessdate=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174348/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-film-review-the-xpose-attempts-to-say-too-many-things-at-a-time-1989160|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Haider (film)|Haider]]''<br /> |Roohdaar <br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-tribute-with-irrfan-khan-less-was-always-more/article61944179.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=A tribute: With Irrfan Khan, less was always more|last=Joshi|first=Namrata|accessdate=19 September 2022|date=30 April 2020|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920185247/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-tribute-with-irrfan-khan-less-was-always-more/article61944179.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015<br /> !scope=row|''[[Piku]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Rana|Chaudhary|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/5-years-of-piku-what-made-irrfan-khans-rana-chaudhary-so-likable-and-charming-22771276|work=[[Mid-Day]]|title=5 Years Of Piku: What made Irrfan Khan's Rana Chaudhary so likeable?|date=8 May 2020|accessdate=29 October 2022|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163355/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/5-years-of-piku-what-made-irrfan-khans-rana-chaudhary-so-likable-and-charming-22771276|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Jurassic World]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Simon|Masrani|nolink=1}}<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/movie-review-jurassic-world-is-a-sporadically-enjoyable-ride|work=[[The Straits Times]]|date=11 June 2015|accessdate=29 October 2022|title=Movie review: Jurassic World is a sporadically enjoyable ride|last=Lui|first=John|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163354/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/movie-review-jurassic-world-is-a-sporadically-enjoyable-ride|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Jazbaa]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Inspector|Yohan|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/jazbaa-review-irrfan-shines-in-this-fast-paced-thriller/story-U2ECBZpWGRHz8pZ4X5uZlO.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Jazbaa review: Aishwarya, Irrfan make it a good watch|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630200510/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/jazbaa-review-irrfan-shines-in-this-fast-paced-thriller/story-U2ECBZpWGRHz8pZ4X5uZlO.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Talvar (film)|Talvar]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Ashwin|Kumar|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-why-irrfan-khans-death-feels-like-a-personal-loss/351873|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=1 May 2020|accessdate=29 October 2022|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Indradeep|title=Why Irrfan Khan's Death Feels Like A Personal Loss|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163355/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-why-irrfan-khans-death-feels-like-a-personal-loss/351873|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Bajirao Mastani]]''<br /> |{{Dash}}<br /> |Narrator <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ss-rajamouli-sukumar-celebrities-turned-narrators-news-184959|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=3 March 2022|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Before SS Rajamouli And Sukumar, These Celebrities Turned Narrators For Famous Projects|last=Anjum|first=Abeer|archive-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217011451/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ss-rajamouli-sukumar-celebrities-turned-narrators-news-184959|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016<br /> !scope=row|''[[Madaari]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Nirmal|Kumar|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/madaari-review-irrfan-khans-gentle-presence-elevates-a-middling-film-2908328.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|title=Madaari review: Irrfan Khan's gentle presence elevates a middling film|date=22 July 2016|accessdate=22 October 2022|last=Vetticad|first=Anna|archive-date=29 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829182940/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/madaari-review-irrfan-khans-gentle-presence-elevates-a-middling-film-2908328.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Inferno (2016 film)|Inferno]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Harry &quot;The Provost&quot;|Sims|nolink=1}}<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/inferno-writer-dan-brown-pays-tribute-to-incomparable-irrfan-khan/story-zFDLgc6G21osEbpxpdSpFJ.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=22 October 2022|title=Inferno writer Dan Brown pays tribute to 'incomparable' Irrfan Khan|archive-date=29 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129175819/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/inferno-writer-dan-brown-pays-tribute-to-incomparable-irrfan-khan/story-zFDLgc6G21osEbpxpdSpFJ.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2017<br /> !scope=row|''[[Hindi Medium (film)|Hindi Medium]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Raj|Batra|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153777|title='Hindi Medium' highlights dilemma of India's middle class|last=Faruqi|first=Sama|date=16 June 2017|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|accessdate=29 October 2022|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163355/https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153777|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Raabta (film)|Raabta]]''<br /> |{{Dash}}<br /> |Narrator <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/Bollywood-News-Irrfan-narrator-Sushant-Singh-Rajput-Kriti-Sanon-Raabta-18170155|work=[[Mid-Day]]|title=Irrfan turns narrator for Sushant Singh Rajput and Kriti Sanon's 'Raabta'|date=16 April 2017|accessdate=22 October 2022|last=Dedhia|first=Sonil|archive-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217020141/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/bollywood-news-irrfan-narrator-sushant-singh-rajput-kriti-sanon-raabta-18170155|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[No Bed of Roses]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Javed|Hasan|nolink=1}}<br /> |Bengali&lt;br/&gt;English<br /> |[[Indo-Bangladesh joint production film]], also producer;&lt;br&gt;'''Nominated'''— [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/relationships/it-s-complicated/from-bangladesh-with-love-111646895554180.html|publisher=[[Livemint]]|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=21 October 2022|last=Ghosh|first=Sankhayan|title=From Bangladesh, with love|archive-date=4 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204191716/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/relationships/it-s-complicated/from-bangladesh-with-love-111646895554180.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-east-2018/nominations/critics-best-actor-male/irrfan|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=Critics Best Actor in Leading Role Male Nominee|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163358/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-east-2018/nominations/critics-best-actor-male/irrfan|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Song of Scorpions}}''<br /> |Aadam<br /> |[[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/irrfan-khan-final-film-the-song-of-scorpions-to-arrive-in-early-2021-7123143/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|title=Irrfan Khan's The Song of Scorpions gears up for release|date=28 December 2020|accessdate=21 October 2022|archive-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821085424/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/irrfan-khan-final-film-the-song-of-scorpions-to-arrive-in-early-2021-7123143/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Qarib Qarib Singlle]]''<br /> |Yogi<br /> |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/why-qarib-qarib-singlle-was-special-for-irrfan/20211113.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|title='Very important for me to show my characters as respectful towards women'|date=13 November 2021|accessdate=22 October 2022|last=Jha|first=Subhash|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318163354/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/why-qarib-qarib-singlle-was-special-for-irrfan/20211113.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018<br /> !scope=row|''[[Puzzle (2018 film)|Puzzle]]''<br /> |Robert<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/20/puzzle-review-jigsaw-kelly-macdonald-irrfan-khan-edinburgh-film-festival|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Puzzle review – Kelly Macdonald sees the big picture in jigsaw indie|last=McCahill|first=Mike|date=20 June 2018|accessdate=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173105/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jun/20/puzzle-review-jigsaw-kelly-macdonald-irrfan-khan-edinburgh-film-festival|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Blackmail (2018 film)|Blackmail]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Dev|Kaushal|nolink=1}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/blackmail-movie-review-irrfan-khan-film-is-all-our-lives-with-jokes/story-SpMup6xafCXav1qlNSkPjI.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=Blackmail movie review: Irrfan Khan, Divya Dutta's black comedy is refreshing|date=20 April 2018|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172459/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/blackmail-movie-review-irrfan-khan-film-is-all-our-lives-with-jokes/story-SpMup6xafCXav1qlNSkPjI.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Karwaan (film)|Karwaan]]''<br /> |Shaukat<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karwaan-diaries-witness-the-quirky-and-goofy-side-of-irrfan-khan-in-shaukat-in-the-house-bts-video-2639690|work=[[Daily News &amp; Analysis]]|title=Karwaan Diaries: Witness the quirky and goofy side of Irrfan Khan in 'Shaukat In The House' BTS video|date=21 July 2018|accessdate=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174347/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karwaan-diaries-witness-the-quirky-and-goofy-side-of-irrfan-khan-in-shaukat-in-the-house-bts-video-2639690|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> !scope=row|''[[Angrezi Medium]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Champak|Bansal|nolink=1}}<br /> |Filmfare Award for Best Actor<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Angrezi&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/angrezi-medium-makers-shares-a-heartfelt-note-on-the-late-actor-irrfans-win-at-filmfare-awards-47331-1.html|work=[[Filmfare]]|title=Angrezi Medium makers shares a heartfelt note on the late actor Irrfan's win at Filmfare Awards|date=30 March 2021|accessdate=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103400/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/angrezi-medium-makers-shares-a-heartfelt-note-on-the-late-actor-irrfans-win-at-filmfare-awards-47331-1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/angrezi-medium-movie-review-irrfan-is-the-heart-of-this-father-daughter-tale/story-KsnRF0fmkDu441CjkDudMN.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=12 March 2020|accessdate=10 September 2022|title=Angrezi Medium movie review: Irrfan is the heart of this father-daughter tale|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103345/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/angrezi-medium-movie-review-irrfan-is-the-heart-of-this-father-daughter-tale/story-KsnRF0fmkDu441CjkDudMN.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> !scope=row|''[[Murder at Teesri Manzil 302]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Shekhar|Sharma|nolink=1}}<br /> |Posthumous and delayed release&lt;br/&gt;Filmed in 2008-09<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-review-irrfan-khans-long-delayed-film-is-dead-on-arrival-1-5-star-2680982|publisher=[[NDTV 24x7]]|date=31 December 2021|accessdate=10 September 2022|title=Murder At Teesri Manzil 302 Review: Irrfan Khan's Long-Delayed Film Is Dead On Arrival|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910103344/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-review-irrfan-khans-long-delayed-film-is-dead-on-arrival-1-5-star-2680982|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-irrfan-khans-long-delayed-film-murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-to-finally-release-on-ott/407083|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|title=Irrfan Khan's Long-Delayed Film 'Murder At Teesri Manzil 302' To Finally Release On OTT|date=28 December 2021|accessdate=18 March 2023|archive-date=18 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318202140/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-irrfan-khans-long-delayed-film-murder-at-teesri-manzil-302-to-finally-release-on-ott/407083|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; <br /> |+ List of Irrfan Khan television credits<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Year(s)<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Title<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Role(s)<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot;|Language(s)<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> !scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> |1987<br /> !scope=row|''[[Shrikant (TV series)|Shrikant]]''<br /> |Abhaya's husband<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/dd-to-re-telecast-irrfan-khans-tv-serial-srikant-how-to-watch|work=[[The Quint]]|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=1 October 2022|title=DD to Re-Telecast Irrfan Khan's Show 'Shrikant': How to Watch|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141614/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/dd-to-re-telecast-irrfan-khans-tv-serial-srikant-how-to-watch|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1988<br /> !scope=row|''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''<br /> |[[ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kahkashan]]''<br /> |[[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Jazeere'' <br /> |Alfred <br /> |Television film<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Alf&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/irrfan-khan-passes-away-at-53-revisiting-the-beloved-actors-crucial-yet-little-known-theatre-years-8314571.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=1 October 2022|title=Irrfan Khan passes away at 53: Revisiting the beloved actor's crucial, yet little known, theatre years|last=Phukan|first=Vikram|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141614/https://www.firstpost.com/living/irrfan-khan-passes-away-at-53-revisiting-the-beloved-actors-crucial-yet-little-known-theatre-years-8314571.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1992<br /> !scope=row|''Lal Ghas Per Neele Ghodey''<br /> |{{sortname|Vladimir|Lenin}}<br /> |Teleplay<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=Alf/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Senapati|Bhadrashaal|nolink=1}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1993<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kirdaar]]''<br /> |Various characters <br /> |Hindi&lt;br/&gt;Urdu<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/my-dear-friends-my-parting-words-to-irrfan-khan-and-rishi-kapoor/story-YtOo8meaq3sLAoMwN4qveN.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|title=My dear friends: My parting words to Irrfan Khan and Rishi Kapoor|date=13 May 2020|accessdate=1 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141612/https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/my-dear-friends-my-parting-words-to-irrfan-khan-and-rishi-kapoor/story-YtOo8meaq3sLAoMwN4qveN.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1994<br /> !scope=row|''[[Chandrakanta (1994 TV series)|Chandrakanta]]''<br /> |Badrinath / Somnath<br /> | rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |Hindi<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/chandrakanta-to-banegi-apni-baat-a-look-at-irrfan-khans-notable-work-on-television/photostory/75445274.cms|title=Chandrakanta to Banegi Apni Baat; a look at Irrfan Khan's notable work on television|date=29 April 2020|accessdate=22 October 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011145108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/chandrakanta-to-banegi-apni-baat-a-look-at-irrfan-khans-notable-work-on-television/photostory/75445274.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''{{sortname|The|Great Maratha}}''<br /> |[[Najib ad-Dawlah]] / [[Ghulam Kadir]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/chandrakanta-the-show-in-which-irrfan-won-hearts-four-lines-at-a-time/412322/|publisher=[[ThePrint]]|date=2 May 2020|accessdate=22 October 2022|last=Misra|first=Shubhangi|title=Chandrakanta, the show in which Irrfan won hearts four lines at a time|archive-date=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503225548/https://theprint.in/features/chandrakanta-the-show-in-which-irrfan-won-hearts-four-lines-at-a-time/412322/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1995<br /> !scope=row|''[[Banegi Apni Baat]]''<br /> |Kumar<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1996<br /> !scope=row|''[[Just Mohabbat]]''<br /> |Mr. Singh<br /> |Cameo appearance <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/just-mohabbat-was-my-debut-show-and-i-didn-t-have-any-experience-vatsal-sheth/story-1djd3AfkjF2UZy3TlFdBDN.html|title=Just Mohabbat was my debut show and I didn't have any experience: Vatsal Sheth|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=19 December 2016|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105215522/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/just-mohabbat-was-my-debut-show-and-i-didn-t-have-any-experience-vatsal-sheth/story-1djd3AfkjF2UZy3TlFdBDN.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997<br /> !scope=row|''[[Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)|Jai Hanuman]]''<br /> |[[Valmiki]]<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/serials/article/remembering-irrfan-khan-when-the-actor-played-sant-valmiki-in-sanjay-khans-tv-show-jai-hanuman/585241|publisher=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]]|title=Remembering Irrfan Khan: When the actor played Sant Valmiki in Sanjay Khan's TV show Jai Hanuman|last=Chauhan|first=Gaurang|date=30 April 2020|accessdate=1 October 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141615/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telly-talk/serials/article/remembering-irrfan-khan-when-the-actor-played-sant-valmiki-in-sanjay-khans-tv-show-jai-hanuman/585241|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Bombay Blue''<br /> |Ramiz<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b80b909df|title=Bombay Blue Part Three|accessdate=1 October 2022|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106130701/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b80b909df|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1998<br /> !scope=row|''Sparsh''<br /> |Unknown<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ravi-rai-the-kashmir-files-and-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-are-the-only-remarkable-films-in-the-last-two-years-exclusive/articleshow/93683916.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Ravi Rai: The Kashmir Files and Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2 are the only remarkable films in the last two years – Exclusive|date=21 August 2022|accessdate=30 November 2022|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130184556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ravi-rai-the-kashmir-files-and-bhool-bhulaiyaa-2-are-the-only-remarkable-films-in-the-last-two-years-exclusive/articleshow/93683916.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1999<br /> !scope=row|''Geeta Rahasya''<br /> |Kansa<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nitish-bharadwaj-irrfans-strengths-lay-in-his-eyes-diction-and-sense-of-timing/articleshow/80152111.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 January 2021|accessdate=1 October 2022|title=Nitish Bharadwaj: Irrfan's strengths lay in his eyes, diction and sense of timing|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105141614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nitish-bharadwaj-irrfans-strengths-lay-in-his-eyes-diction-and-sense-of-timing/articleshow/80152111.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Tarkash''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1999–2000<br /> !scope=row|''[[Star Bestsellers]]''<br /> |Unknown / Mahesh / Unknown / Ganesh<br /> |Episode: &quot;Bhoron Ne Khilaya Phool&quot;&lt;br/&gt;Episode: &quot;Ek Shaam Ki Mulaquat&quot;&lt;br/&gt;Episode: &quot;Fursat Mein&quot;&lt;br/&gt;Episode: &quot;Govind Aur Ganesh&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=14 May 2020|accessdate=2 April 2023|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/quarantine-curation-anurag-to-imtiaz-10-star-bestsellers-episodes-directed-by-bollywood-bigwigs-1677525-2020-05-14|title=Quarantine Curation: Anurag to Imtiaz, 10 Star Bestsellers episodes directed by Bollywood bigwigs|last=Singh|first=Nisha|publisher=[[India Today]]|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922011851/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/quarantine-curation-anurag-to-imtiaz-10-star-bestsellers-episodes-directed-by-bollywood-bigwigs-1677525-2020-05-14|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/916569/star-bestsellers-revisited-the-tv-show-where-anurag-kashyap-sriram-raghavan-and-more-started-out|title='Star Bestsellers' revisited: The TV show where Anurag Kashyap, Sriram Raghavan and more started out|date=24 March 2019|accessdate=17 March 2023|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|work=[[Scroll.in]]|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403083610/https://scroll.in/reel/916569/star-bestsellers-revisited-the-tv-show-where-anurag-kashyap-sriram-raghavan-and-more-started-out|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2000<br /> !scope=row|''[[X Zone]]''<br /> |Unknown<br /> |1 episode<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|accessdate=30 November 2022|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/aahat-zee-horror-show-x-zone-best-horror-thriller-serials-on-indian-television/|publisher=Koimoi|title=Aahat, Zee Horror Show, X-Zone: Best Horror-Thriller Serials on Indian Television|last=Prabhudesai|first=Rohit|date=16 February 2013|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130184557/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/aahat-zee-horror-show-x-zone-best-horror-thriller-serials-on-indian-television/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !scope=row|''Darr''<br /> |Serial killer<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=TV/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2003<br /> !scope=row|''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai]]''<br /> |Amar<br /> |Episode &quot;From Reel to Real&quot;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|accessdate=2 April 2023|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/ssshhhhkoi-hai/1260004376/from-reel-to-real/1000234010|title=Ssshhhh...Koi Hai – Watch Episode 9 – From Reel to Real on Disney+ Hotstar|publisher=[[Disney+ Hotstar]]|archive-date=2 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102084711/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/ssshhhhkoi-hai/1260004376/from-reel-to-real/1000234010|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> !scope=row|''[[Kyaa Kahein]]''<br /> |Host<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://balajitelefilms.com/serial.php?id=74|title=Kyaa Kahein|accessdate=22 October 2022|publisher=[[Balaji Telefilms]]|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030110510/http://balajitelefilms.com/serial.php?id=74|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2006<br /> !scope=row|''[[Mano Ya Na Mano (2006 TV series)|Mano Ya Na Mano]]''<br /> |Host<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/what-if-irrfan-khans-mano-ya-na-mano-reality-show-came-back-for-the-third-time-4161979.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|title=What if Irrfan Khan's Mano Ya Na Mano reality show came back for the third time?|date=1 November 2017|accessdate=22 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030110511/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/what-if-irrfan-khans-mano-ya-na-mano-reality-show-came-back-for-the-third-time-4161979.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2009–2010<br /> !scope=row|''[[MTV Roadies (season 7)|MTV Roadies]]''<br /> |Himself<br /> |Season 7<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/Road-less-travelled/article16878928.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Road less travelled|date=3 September 2009|accessdate=10 September 2022|last=Deogire|first=Swati|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910174856/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/Road-less-travelled/article16878928.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> !scope=row|''[[In Treatment]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Sunil|Sanyal|nolink=1}}<br /> |English<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/in-treatment-with-irrfan-khan/article34725411.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title='In Treatment' with Irrfan Khan|date=4 June 2021|accessdate=10 September 2022|last=Vasudev|first=Shefalee|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910174906/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/in-treatment-with-irrfan-khan/article34725411.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> !scope=row|''[[Tokyo Trial (miniseries)|Tokyo Trial]]''<br /> |{{sortname|Radhabinod|Pal}}<br /> |English&lt;br/&gt;Japanese<br /> |Miniseries<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/radhabinod-pal-more-about-the-dissenting-indian-judge-that-irrfan-khan-plays-in-netflixs-tokyo-trial-3351306.html|work=[[Firstpost]]|title=Radhabinod Pal: More about the dissenting Indian judge that Irrfan Khan plays in Netflix's Tokyo Trial|date=26 March 2017|accessdate=10 September 2022|last=Maneck|first=Ankita|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910174901/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/radhabinod-pal-more-about-the-dissenting-indian-judge-that-irrfan-khan-plays-in-netflixs-tokyo-trial-3351306.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|0451234|Irrfan Khan}}<br /> * [https://www.newsfocus360.com/2023/09/irrfan-khan-movies-list.html Irrfan Khan] at NF360<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Irrfan}}<br /> [[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br /> [[Category:Male actor filmographies]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karan_Soni&diff=471877 2026-02-28T05:04:23Z

<p>AarohamResort: minor edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American actor (born 1989)}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use American English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Karan Soni<br /> | image = Karan Soni by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg<br /> | caption = Soni in 2025<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|1|8}}<br /> | birth_place = New Delhi, India<br /> | citizenship = United States<br /> | education = [[USC School of Dramatic Arts]]<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 2010–present<br /> | spouse = [[Roshan Sethi]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Karan Soni''' (born January 8, 1989) is an American actor. Often appearing in comedic roles, he came to prominence for playing [[Dopinder]] in the films ''[[Deadpool (film)|Deadpool]]'' (2016) and its sequels ''[[Deadpool 2]]'' (2018) and ''[[Deadpool &amp; Wolverine]]'' (2024), and voicing [[Spider-Man (Pavitr Prabhakar)|Pavitr Prabhakar / Spider-Man India]] in ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]'' (2023).<br /> <br /> Born in New Delhi, Soni moved to the United States to study business at the [[University of Southern California]] before pursuing an acting career. He made his feature film debut in ''[[Safety Not Guaranteed]]'' (2012), which was followed by lead appearances on the series ''[[Betas]]'' (2013) and ''[[Other Space]]'' (2015), and the film ''[[A Nice Indian Boy]]'' (2024). Soni has also appeared in the films ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]'' (2016), ''[[Office Christmas Party]]'' (2016), and ''[[Pokémon Detective Pikachu]]'' (2019). On television, he has appeared as a series regular on ''[[Blunt Talk]]'' (2015–2016) and ''[[Miracle Workers (2019 TV series)|Miracle Workers]]'' (2019–2023).<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Soni was born in New Delhi, India, and he attended an international school there. He came to the United States to study at the [[University of Southern California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/hollywood/220216/meet-deadpool-s-dopinder-indian-american-actor-karan-soni-shares-his-experience.html |title=Meet Deadpool's Dopinder: Indian-American Karan Soni shares his experience |first=Neha |last=Jha |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=February 22, 2016 |access-date=February 14, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Soni made his film debut in Yusuf Sumer's 2010 comedy film ''Kaka Nirvana'', alongside Rachel Quinn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deadpool actor Karan Soni: A white guy voicing an Indian character in 2018 is not okay|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/deadpool-actor-karan-soni-a-white-guy-voicing-an-indian-actor-in-2018-is-not-okay/story-2g6IfuaU6davJ9w5358GpJ.html|date=May 11, 2018|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=May 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, Soni was cast in the [[Amazon Studios]] original series ''[[Betas]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/03/amazon-studios-comedy-pilot-betas-assembles-cast-455874/|title=Amazon Studios Comedy Pilot 'Betas' Assembles Cast|work=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=October 18, 2013|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was canceled after one season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/betas-amazon-series-cancelled-no-season-two-33546/|title=Betas: Amazon Series Cancelled, No Season Two|publisher=TVSeriesFinale.com|first=Trevor|last=Kimball|date=April 3, 2014|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, Soni appeared in commercials for [[AT&amp;T]] along with [[Jim Conroy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/karan-soni-that-guy-from-the-att-commericials-takes-the-silver-screen/39675|title=Karan Soni, That Guy From The AT&amp;T Commercials Takes The Silver Screen|publisher=Ozy.com|first=Vignesh|last=Ramachandran|date=April 21, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424021707/https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/karan-soni-that-guy-from-the-att-commericials-takes-the-silver-screen/39675|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/63982-who-are-the-actors-who-play-the-network-experts-in-the-att-commercials-these-guys-are|title=Who Are The Actors Who Play The Network Experts In the AT&amp;T Commercials? These Guys Are Good|publisher=Bustle.com|first=Kristie|last=Rohwedder|date=February 13, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, Soni appeared in ''[[Other Space]],'' a series created by [[Paul Feig]] for [[Yahoo! Screen]], as Captain Stewart Lipinski.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/why-paul-feig-chose-streaming-for-his-new-comedy-other-space-exclusive-video/|title=Why Paul Feig Chose Streaming for His New Comedy 'Other Space'|publisher=TheWrap.com|first=Matt|last=Donnelly|date=April 15, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yahoo! Screen would be shut down later in the year, preventing the series from being renewed for a second season,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Brouwer|first1=Bree|title=Yahoo Lost $42 Million On 'Community' and Two Other Originals|url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2015/10/21/yahoo-42-million-loss-q3-2015-community-originals/|website=TubeFilter|date=October 21, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; while the first season would later be picked up by DUST in 2020. Later in 2015, he appeared in episodes of ''[[Melissa &amp; Joey]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://teeninfonet.com/2015/02/03/has-melissa-lost-faith-in-joeys-skills-on-all-new-melissa-joey-previews/joey-lawrence-karan-soni-melissa-joan-hart/|title=Joey Lawrence, Karan Soni, Melissa Joan Hart|publisher=TeenInfonet.com|date=February 3, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424042119/https://teeninfonet.com/2015/02/03/has-melissa-lost-faith-in-joeys-skills-on-all-new-melissa-joey-previews/joey-lawrence-karan-soni-melissa-joan-hart/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Goldbergs (2013 TV series)|The Goldbergs]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Scoop-THE-GOLDBERGS-on-ABC-Today-October-21-2015-20151020|title=Scoop: The Goldbergs on ABC - Tonight, October 21, 2015|publisher=BroadwayWorld.com|date=October 21, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041659/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Scoop-THE-GOLDBERGS-on-ABC-Today-October-21-2015-20151020|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and ''[[100 Things to Do Before High School]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nickalive.blogspot.com/2015/11/mad-scientists-100-things-to-do-before.html|title=Mad Scientists - &quot;100 Things to Do Before High School&quot;|publisher=Nickalive.blogspot.com|date=November 21, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/catch-karan-soni-s-blink-and-miss-role-as-mr/article_426d0c42-8725-11e5-b1f9-03ef1e3a8816.html|title=Catch Karan Soni's Blink-and-Miss Role as Mr. Rooney in 'Goosebumps'|publisher=Indiawest.com|first=Sonia|last=Wariach|date=November 9, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016|archive-date=April 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424041744/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/catch-karan-soni-s-blink-and-miss-role-as-mr/article_426d0c42-8725-11e5-b1f9-03ef1e3a8816.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; and began starring in ''[[Blunt Talk]]'', opposite [[Patrick Stewart]], as Martin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/02/24/starz-announces-recurring-and-guest-cast-for-blunt-talk-starring-patrick-stewart/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125235527/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/02/24/starz-announces-recurring-and-guest-cast-for-blunt-talk-starring-patrick-stewart/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 25, 2015|title=Starz Announces Recurring and Guest Cast for 'Blunt Talk' Starring Patrick Stewart|publisher=Zap2it|first=Steve|last=Baron|date=February 24, 2015|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was renewed for a second season, which premiered in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Starz Orders Two Seasons of Seth MacFarlane Comedy 'Blunt Talk'| date=April 29, 2014|first= Lesley |last=Goldberg| website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/starz-orders-two-seasons-seth-699691|access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Soni appeared in the 2016 [[Marvel Cinematic Universe|Marvel]] film ''[[Deadpool (film)|Deadpool]]'' as a taxi driver named [[Dopinder]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://comicbook.com/2015/10/30/karan-soni-talks-deadpool-improvising-with-ryan-reynolds/ |title=Exclusive: Karan Soni Talks Deadpool, Improvising with Ryan Reynolds |publisher=ComicBook.com|date=October 30, 2015 |access-date=February 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and reprised the role in its sequels ''[[Deadpool 2]]'' (2018) and ''[[Deadpool &amp; Wolverine]]'' (2024).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coman |first=Monica |last2=Drake |first2=Grae |date=April 1, 2025 |title='Completed My Violent Arc': Karan Soni Shares His Only Deadpool Franchise Request |url=https://www.cbr.com/karan-soni-deadpool-franchise-request/ |access-date=June 21, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2016, Soni also appeared in ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]'' as the delivery man Benny&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt; and in 2019, he appeared in ''[[Pokémon Detective Pikachu]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Watch Pokemon Detective Pikachu (Movie)|url=https://www.hbo.com/movies/pokemon-detective-pikachu|website=HBO|access-date=May 25, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815162456/https://www.hbo.com/movies/pokemon-detective-pikachu|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; From 2019 to 2023, Soni was a main cast member of the anthology comedy television series ''[[Miracle Workers (2019 TV series)|Miracle Workers]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chavez |first=Danette |date=June 11, 2025 |title=Karan Soni still feels bad about giving Daniel Radcliffe the cold shoulder |url=https://www.avclub.com/11-questions-karan-soni-daniel-radcliffe-adam-brody |access-date=June 21, 2025 |website=AV Club |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2023, Soni was announced as the voice of [[Spider-Man (Pavitr Prabhakar)|Pavitr Prabhakar / Spider-Man India]] in ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/spider-man-across-the-spider-verse-karan-soni-spider-man-india-1235275230/|title=Spider-Man: Across The Spider-Verse' Casts Karan Soni As Spider-Man India|date=February 23, 2023 |website=Deadline}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2024, Soni confirmed that he would reprise his role as Spider-Man India in ''[[Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pereira |first=Karen |date=August 9, 2024 |title=Karan Soni: Deadpool and Spider-Man have a special relationship in the comics; it will be used at some point – Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/karan-soni-deadpool-and-spider-man-have-such-a-special-relationship-in-the-comics-it-will-be-used-at-some-point-exclusive/articleshow/112409405.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810052741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/karan-soni-deadpool-and-spider-man-have-such-a-special-relationship-in-the-comics-it-will-be-used-at-some-point-exclusive/articleshow/112409405.cms |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=August 10, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Soni played the lead role in the romantic comedy ''[[A Nice Indian Boy]]'' which premiered at [[South by Southwest]] on March 12, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Spilde |first=Coleman |date=March 12, 2024 |title='A Nice Indian Boy' Isn't Afraid to Admit the Truth About Love: It's a Mess |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/obsessed/a-nice-indian-boy-sxsw-review-opposites-attract-in-boundary-breaking-rom-com/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also starred in ''[[Stealing Pulp Fiction]].''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Frater |first=Patrick |date=November 4, 2024 |title=Jason Alexander Heist Comedy 'Stealing Pulp Fiction' Picked Up by Odin's Eye Entertainment Ahead of AFM (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/jason-alexander-stealing-pulp-fiction-odins-eye-afm-1236199305/ |access-date=June 21, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2024, it was announced that Soni had been cast as the lead role in the thriller film ''Fade to Black''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In 2025, he was part of the ensemble cast for the [[Audible Original]] audio drama ''Murder at the Patel Motel''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hullender |first=Tatiana |date=June 4, 2025 |title=An Ozempic Pen Sparks Suspicion In New Excerpt From Audible's Murder at the Patel Motel |url=https://screenrant.com/murder-at-the-patel-hotel-audible-original-scene/ |access-date=June 21, 2025 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Soni appeared in the opening episode of ''[[Pluribus (TV series)|Pluribus]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pluribus release date, how to watch|url= https://www.newsweek.com/entertainment/tv/pluribus-release-date-how-to-watch-11029863 |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=Newsweek|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Soni is gay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite instagram|postid=Cf4Ziswp3-g/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|title=Actor @itskaransoni Karan Soni's Coming Out Story|first=Rajiv Satyal|date=July 17, 2022|user=funnyindian}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is married to writer and director [[Roshan Sethi]], with whom he developed the film ''[[7 Days (2021 film)|7 Days]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Wilson |date=April 4, 2022 |title=The Cast and Crew of '7 Days' on Reliving Quarantine as a Romantic Comedy |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/7-days-roshan-sethi-geraldine-karan-soni-viswanathan-1235222698/ |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot;| {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}}<br /> |Denotes works that have not yet been released<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Film===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2010<br /> | ''Kaka Nirvana''<br /> | Kemal<br /> | Short film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2012<br /> | ''[[Safety Not Guaranteed]]''<br /> | Arnau<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bit by Bit''<br /> | Chander<br /> | Short film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2014<br /> | ''[[Supremacy (film)|Supremacy]]''<br /> | Store Clerk<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Obedient Artists''<br /> | Jaxton<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | ''[[Goosebumps (film)|Goosebumps]]''<br /> | Mr. Rooney<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 2016<br /> | ''[[Deadpool (film)|Deadpool]]''<br /> | [[Dopinder]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Chee and T]]''<br /> | Roger Raval<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[The Sweet Life (film)|The Sweet Life]]''<br /> | Convenience Store Clerk<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Mono''<br /> | Amit Chowdury<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ghostbusters (2016 film)|Ghostbusters]]''<br /> | Benny<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Office Christmas Party]]''<br /> | Nate Winetoss<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2017<br /> | ''[[Rough Night]]''<br /> | Raviv<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[And Then There Was Eve]]''<br /> | Zain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Unicorn Store]]''<br /> | Kevin<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Creep 2]]''<br /> | Dave<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2018<br /> | ''[[Little Bitches]]''<br /> | Hall Monitor Andy<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Deadpool 2]]''<br /> | Dopinder<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Better Start Running]]''<br /> | Nelson<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Office Uprising]]''<br /> | Mourad<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2019<br /> | ''[[Corporate Animals]]''<br /> | Freddie<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Pokémon Detective Pikachu]]''<br /> | Jack<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Always Be My Maybe]]''<br /> | Tony<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4|2020<br /> | ''[[Like a Boss (film)|Like a Boss]]''<br /> | Josh Tinker<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Trolls World Tour]]''<br /> | Riff<br /> | Voice<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Superintelligence (film)|Superintelligence]]''<br /> | Ahmed<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''Coffee Shop Names''<br /> |Sathya/Scott<br /> |Short film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Vuocolo |first1=Alex |last2=O'Driscoll |first2=Keara |last3=Dangor |first3=Graison |last4=Ross |first4=Dina |title=What to Stream: Vanderpump Reunion, Sorority Rush, Sketch Comedy Fav &amp; Coffee Shop Names |url=https://cheddar.com/media/what-to-stream-vanderpump-reunion-sorority-rush-sketch-comedy-fav-coffee-shop-names |access-date=November 7, 2023 |website=Cheddar News|date=May 25, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021<br /> | ''[[7 Days (2021 film)|7 Days]]''<br /> | Ravi<br /> | Also writer<br /> |-<br /> |''Coming Out with the Help of a Time Machine''<br /> |Sid<br /> |Short film&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bijolia |first=Disha |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Coming Out With The Help Of A Time Machine' Gives LGBTQIA+ Narratives A Sci-Fi Twist |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-creators/coming-out-with-the-help-of-a-time-machine-gives-lgbtqia-narratives-a-sci-fi-twist |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=Homegrown |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2022<br /> | ''[[Not Okay]]''<br /> | Kelvin<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[The People We Hate at the Wedding]]''<br /> | Dominic<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Four Samosas]]''<br /> |Sanjay<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Strange World (film)|Strange World]]''<br /> | Caspian<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Voice<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023<br /> | ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]''<br /> | [[Spider-Man (Pavitr Prabhakar)|Pavitr Prabhakar / Spider-Man India]]<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[World's Best]]''<br /> | Calming Voice<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2024<br /> | ''[[A Nice Indian Boy]]''<br /> | Naveen Gavaskar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Paper Flowers''<br /> | Milan Mehta<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Deadpool &amp; Wolverine]]''<br /> | Dopinder<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Stealing Pulp Fiction]]''<br /> | Steve<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2027<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''[[Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse]]'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}}<br /> | Pavitr Prabhakar / Spider-Man India<br /> | Voice; In production<br /> |-<br /> | TBA<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''Fade to Black'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}}<br /> |Amit<br /> |Post-production&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dunn |first=Jack |date=September 24, 2024 |title='Deadpool' Actor Karan Soni Lands Lead Role in Andrew Sandler's Thriller 'Fade to Black' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/karan-soni-deadpool-fade-to-black-andrew-sandler-1236154808/ |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2011<br /> | ''[[The Protector (American TV series)|The Protector]]''<br /> | Kenny<br /> | Episode: &quot;Safe&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Worst. Prom. Ever.''<br /> | Glenn<br /> | Television film<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2012<br /> | ''[[Touch (American TV series)|Touch]]''<br /> | Ravi<br /> | Episode: &quot;1+1=3&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Linked Out''<br /> | Keith<br /> | Episode: &quot;Facebook Intervention&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[1600 Penn]]''<br /> | Misfit<br /> | Episode: &quot;Putting Out Fires&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bite Me''<br /> | Teacher's Assistant<br /> | Episode: &quot;Continue!&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Are You There, Chelsea?]]''<br /> | Stan<br /> | Episode: &quot;Sloane's Ex&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2012–2013<br /> | ''[[The Neighbors (2012 TV series)|The Neighbors]]''<br /> | Indian Allen<br /> | 2 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | ''Geo's Pizza''<br /> | Asheed<br /> | 8 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2013<br /> | ''Little Horribles''<br /> | Unknown<br /> | Episode: &quot;Road Rage&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Trophy Wife (TV series)|Trophy Wife]]''<br /> | Graduate No. 2<br /> | Episode: &quot;Pilot&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Aim High''<br /> | Mingesha Dutta<br /> | Episode 2.2<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[The Middle (TV series)|The Middle]]''<br /> | Vijal<br /> | Episode: &quot;Life Skills&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2013–2014<br /> | ''[[Mighty Med]]''<br /> | Benny<br /> | 3 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Betas]]''<br /> | Avinash &quot;Nash&quot; Dagavi<br /> | Main role<br /> |-<br /> | 2014<br /> | ''[[Growing Up Fisher]]''<br /> | Owen<br /> | Episode: &quot;Secret Lives of Fishers&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2015<br /> | ''[[Melissa &amp; Joey]]''<br /> | Flash<br /> | Episode: &quot;Failure to Communicate&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Other Space]]''<br /> | Stewart Lipinski<br /> | Main role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[100 Things to Do Before High School]]''<br /> | Caltech Dude<br /> | Episode: &quot;Be a Mad Scientist Thing!&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Any Tom, Dick, or Harry''<br /> | Ernie Dassani<br /> | Television film<br /> |-<br /> | 2015–2016<br /> | ''[[Blunt Talk]]''<br /> | Martin Bassi<br /> | Recurring (season 1)&lt;br /&gt;Main role (season 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 2015–2017<br /> | ''[[The Goldbergs (2013 TV series)|The Goldbergs]]''<br /> | Randy Mescunda, Srinivas Bollimpalli<br /> | 6 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''[[The Grinder (TV series)|The Grinder]]''<br /> | Cooper<br /> | Episode: &quot;From the Ashes&quot;; uncredited<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2017<br /> | ''[[I Live with Models]]''<br /> | Marshall<br /> | 5 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[What Would Diplo Do?]]''<br /> | Bellboy<br /> | 1 episode<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Silicon Valley (TV series)|Silicon Valley]]''<br /> | Tenley<br /> | Episode: &quot;Hooli-Con&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Room 104]]''<br /> | Anish<br /> | Episode: &quot;The Internet&quot;; also director<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2018<br /> | ''[[Bobcat Goldthwait's Misfits &amp; Monsters]]''<br /> | Ravi<br /> | Episode: &quot;Mermaid&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Wrecked (American TV series)|Wrecked]]''<br /> | Keith<br /> | 2 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019<br /> | ''[[Brooklyn Nine-Nine]]''<br /> | Gordon Lundt<br /> | Episode: &quot;[[The Honeypot (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)|The Honeypot]]&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Miracle Workers (2019 TV series)|Miracle Workers]]''<br /> | Sanjay Prince<br /> | Main role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Will &amp; Grace]]''<br /> | Mike<br /> | Episode: &quot;With Enemies Like These&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2020<br /> | ''[[Miracle Workers: Dark Ages]]''<br /> | Lord Chris Vexler<br /> | Main role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Cake (2019 TV series)|Cake]]''<br /> | Himself<br /> | Episode: &quot;Auditions: No Reader&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Dream Corp LLC]]''<br /> | Patient 27<br /> | Episode: &quot;Fear of Heights&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun]]''<br /> | [[Jerry Seinfeld]]<br /> | Episode: &quot;Housemates&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Big Mouth (American TV series)|Big Mouth]]''<br /> |<br /> | Voice, episode: &quot;Four Stories About Hand Stuff&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020–2021<br /> | ''[[Mira, Royal Detective]]''<br /> | Manjeet<br /> | Voice, 10 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021<br /> | ''[[Special (TV series)|Special]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=March 29, 2021|title='Special': Charlie Barnett, Max Jenkins, Ana Ortiz Among Nine Set To Recur In Season 2 Of Netflix Series|url=https://deadline.com/2021/03/special-charlie-barnett-max-jenkins-ana-ortiz-recur-season-2-netflix-series-1234722268/|access-date=June 3, 2021|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Dev Laghari<br /> | 2 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Miracle Workers (2019 TV series)#Season 3: Oregon Trail (2021)|Miracle Workers: Oregon Trail]]''<br /> | The Gunslinger<br /> | Main role<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Trolls: Holiday in Harmony]]''<br /> | Riff<br /> | Voice, television film<br /> |-<br /> | 2021–2022<br /> | ''[[Karma's World]]''<br /> | Mr. Rishi Singal<br /> | Voice, 11 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2022<br /> | ''[[The Great North]]''<br /> | Gavin<br /> | Voice, episode: &quot;Woodfellas Adventure&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Home Economics (TV series)|Home Economics]]''<br /> | Tod<br /> | Episode: &quot;Novel Signed by Author, $22.19&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022–2023<br /> | ''[[The Boss Baby: Back in the Crib]]''<br /> | Pip<br /> | Voice, 25 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023<br /> | ''[[Miracle Workers (2019 TV series)#Season 4: End Times (2023)|Miracle Workers: End Times]]''<br /> | TI-90, Tai<br /> | Main role, 10 episodes<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Strange Planet (TV series)|Strange Planet]]''<br /> | Being No. 1 / Bestie<br /> | Voice, episode: &quot;Adolescent Limbshake&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2024<br /> | ''[[Abbott Elementary]]''<br /> | Avi<br /> | 3 episodes; also directed episode: &quot;Librarian&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Nobody Wants This]]''<br /> | Vali<br /> | Episode: &quot;Obliterated&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2025<br /> | ''[[American Dad!]]''<br /> | Indian Anchor<br /> | Voice, episode: &quot;Guardian&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Mickey Mouse Funhouse]]''<br /> | Naatu Bandar<br /> | Voice, episode: &quot;The Golden Mango&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Pluribus (TV series)|Pluribus]]''<br /> |Deshpande<br /> |Episode: &quot;We Is Us&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | ''[[The Boroughs]]'' {{dagger|alt=Not yet released}}<br /> |Toby<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Podcasts ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> !{{abbr|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2021<br /> | ''The Coldest Case''<br /> | Edgar<br /> | 3 episodes<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Bridgewater''<br /> |<br /> | 4 episodes<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2021 |title=Misha Collins, Nathan Fillion, Hilarie Burton Morgan and More Join New Podcast Drama 'Bridgewater' |url=https://www.nerdsandbeyond.com/2021/07/24/misha-collins-nathan-fillion-hilarie-burton-morgan-and-more-join-new-podcast-drama-bridgewater/ |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=Nerds and Beyond |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Dark Air with Terry Carnation''<br /> | Jeet Batra<br /> | 18 episodes<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2, 2021 |title=Audioboom Original Podcast 'Dark Air with Terry Carnation' Starring Rainn Wilson Officially Launched |url=https://www.nerdsandbeyond.com/2021/04/02/audioboom-original-podcast-dark-air-with-terry-carnation-starring-rainn-wilson-officially-launched/ |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=Nerds and Beyond |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''Murder at the Patel Motel''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Soni, Karan}}<br /> [[Category:1989 births]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century American male actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian LGBTQ people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:American gay actors]]<br /> [[Category:American male actors of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:American male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:American male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:American male voice actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Indian gay actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male voice actors]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:USC School of Dramatic Arts alumni]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megasthenes&diff=472702 2026-02-26T17:45:58Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Ancient Greek ethnographer and explorer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Megasthenes<br /> | native_name = Μεγασθένης<br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- This is pretty weak. His birth date is plain unknown. {{circa}} 350 BCE&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Megasthenes|title=Megasthenes|newspaper=Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;<br /> | death_date = {{circa|290 BCE}}<br /> | occupation = Historian and diplomat<br /> | notable_works = ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]''<br /> }}<br /> '''Megasthenes''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|g|æ|s|θ|ᵻ|n|iː|z}} {{respell|mi|GAS|thi-neez}}; {{langx|grc|Μεγασθένης}}, died {{Circa}} 290&amp;nbsp;BCE) was an ancient Greek historian, indologist, diplomat, [[List of Graeco-Roman geographers|ethnographer]] and explorer in the [[Hellenistic period]]. He described [[Indian subcontinent|India]] in his book ''[[Indica (Megasthenes)|Indica]]'', which is now [[Lost literary work|lost]], but has been partially reconstructed from [[literary fragment]]s found in later authors that quoted his work. Megasthenes was the first person from the Western world to leave a written description of India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/hercules-lived-here-megastheness-indika/article32292473.ece|title=Hercules lived here: Megasthenes's 'Indika'|newspaper=The Hindu|date=8 August 2020|first1=Aakar|last1=Patel.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> <br /> While Megasthenes's account of India has survived in the later works, little is known about him as a person. He spent time at the court of [[Sibyrtius]], who was a [[satrap]] of [[Arachosia]] under Antigonus I and then Seleucus I.&lt;ref&gt;Stoneman, R. The Greek Experience of India (Princeton, 2019), p129&lt;/ref&gt; Megasthenes was then an ambassador for Seleucid king [[Seleucus I Nicator]] and to the court of the Mauryan Emperor [[Chandragupta Maurya]] in Pataliputra (modern [[Patna]]). Dating for his journey to the Mauryan court is uncertain; Seleucus I reigned from 305 to 281 BCE for the loose range of years that Megasthenes' mission might have begun.&lt;ref&gt;Roller, Duane W., &quot;Megasthenes (715)&quot;, in: Brill’s New Jacoby, General Editor: Ian Worthington (Macquarie University). First published online: 2016&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=26}}<br /> <br /> === As ambassador ===<br /> [[File:Embassy of Megasthenes.jpg|thumb|According to [[Arrian]], Megasthenes lived in [[Arachosia]] and travelled to [[Pataliputra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AGT&quot;/&gt;{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=38}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shepherd |first1=William R. |title=The Historical Atlas, &quot;Mediaeval Commerce (Asia)&quot; |date=1926 |url=https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/persian_empire.jpg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AH&quot;/&gt;|215px]]<br /> Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador of [[Seleucus I Nicator]] in the court of [[Chandragupta Maurya]].{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=38}} [[Arrian]] explains that Megasthenes lived in [[Arachosia]], with the [[satrap]] [[Sibyrtius]], from where he visited India:&lt;ref name=&quot;AGT&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Traver |first1=Andrew G. |title=From Polis to Empire, the Ancient World, C. 800 B.C.–A.D. 500: A Biographical Dictionary |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-30942-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/frompolistoempir00andr/page/252 252] |url=https://archive.org/details/frompolistoempir00andr |url-access=registration |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Kosmin|2014|p=38}}&lt;ref name=&quot;AH&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Heirman |first1=Ann |last2=Bumbacher |first2=Stephan Peter |title=The Spread of Buddhism |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-15830-6 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kr_M1e7yImoC&amp;pg=PA135 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|<br /> text=Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting [[Sandracottus]], the king of the Indians.<br /> |author=[[Arrian]]<br /> |title= ''[[Anabasis Alexandri]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |chapter-url=http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5a.asp |chapter=Book 5 |title=Anabasis |title-link=Anabasis Alexandri |author-link=Arrian |author=Arrian}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Megasthenes visited [[Pataliputra]]{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=9}} sometime during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya but it is not certain which other parts of India he visited.{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=9}} He appears to have passed through the [[Punjab region]] in north-western India, as he provides a detailed account of the rivers in this area. He must have then traveled to Pataliputra along the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]] and the [[Ganga River|Ganga]] rivers.{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=29}} The exact dates of his visit (or visits) to India, and the duration of his stay in India are uncertain and disputed among scholars. A.B. Bosworth argued for an early date pre-Seleucus.&lt;ref&gt;A.B Bosworth, The Historical Setting of Megasthenes, Indica, CPh. 91, 1996, 113-27&lt;/ref&gt; This is contested by Stoneman and others who argue for a date following the Mauryan-Seleucid settlement of {{Circa}} 303 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;Stoneman, R., The Greek Experience of India, 130-135&lt;/ref&gt; [[Arrian]] claims that Megasthenes met [[Porus the Elder|Porus]]; this implies that Megasthenes accompanied [[Alexander the Great]] during the Macedonian invasion of India.{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=29}}<br /> <br /> He then compiled information about India in the form of ''Indica'', a document which is now a [[Lost literary work|lost work]]. It partially survives in form of quotations by later writers.<br /> <br /> Other Greek envoys to the Indian court are known after Megasthenes: [[Deimachus]] as ambassador to [[Bindusara]], and [[Dionysius (ambassador)|Dionysius]], as ambassador to [[Ashoka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Thomas C. Mcevilley |title=The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmqCDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT538 |year=2012 |publisher=Allworth |isbn=978-1-58115-933-2 |page=538 |quote=&quot;Three Greek ambassadors are known by name: Megasthenes, ambassador to Chandragupta; Deimachus, ambassador to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta's]] son Bindusara; and Dyonisius, whom Ptolemy Philadelphus sent to the court of Ashoka, Bindusara's son&quot; }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Assessment ==<br /> <br /> Among the ancient writers, [[Arrian]] (2nd century CE) is the only one who speaks favorably of Megasthenes. [[Diodorus Siculus|Diodorus]] (1st century BCE) quotes Megasthenes while omitting some parts of his narratives. Other writers explicitly criticize Megasthenes:{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=27}}<br /> <br /> * [[Eratosthenes]] (2nd century BCE) accuses Megasthenes of engaging in falsehood, although he apparently borrowed much of his content about India from Megasthenes.{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=27}}<br /> * [[Strabo]] (1st century CE) calls Megasthenes a liar for writing fabulous stories about India; he also brands as liars the other earlier writers on India, including [[Deimachus]], [[Onesicritus]], [[Nearchus]].{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=27}} According to Strabo, &quot;no faith whatever can be placed in Deimachos and Megasthenes&quot;.{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=27}}<br /> * [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) criticizes Megasthenes's description of the fabulous races of India, and his account of [[Megasthenes' Herakles|Herakles]] and [[Dionysus]].{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=27}}<br /> <br /> Modern scholars such as E. A. Schwanbeck, B. C. J. Timmer, and [[Truesdell Sparhawk Brown]], have characterized Megasthenes as a generally reliable source of Indian history.{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=9}} Schwanbeck finds faults only with Megasthenes's description of the gods worshipped in India.{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=29}} Brown is more critical of Megasthenes, but notes that Megasthenes visited only a small part of India, and must have relied on others for his observations: some of these observations seem to be erroneous, but others cannot be ignored by modern researchers.{{sfn|Allan Dahlaquist|1996|p=27}} Thus, although he was often misled by the erroneous information provided by others, his work remained the principal source of information about India to subsequent writers.{{sfn|N. S. Kalota|1978|p=26}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Megasthenes' Herakles]]<br /> * [[Herodotus]]<br /> * [[Patrocles (geographer)|Patrocles]]<br /> * [[Demodamas]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> <br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Allan Dahlaquist |title=Megasthenes and Indian Religion: A Study in Motives and Types |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xp35-8gTRDkC&amp;pg=PP1 |year=1996 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1323-6 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=N. S. Kalota |title=India as Described by Megasthenes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyHn7uSKloEC&amp;pg=PP1 |year=1978 |publisher=Concept }}<br /> * {{citation |last=Kosmin |first=Paul J. |author-link=Paul J. Kosmin |title=The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UWdAwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2014 |isbn=978-0-674-72882-0 }}<br /> * {{citation |author= U. P. Arora |title=Plagiarism and prejudices in Megasthenes's Indica |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141228 |publisher=[[Indian History Congress]] |date=1982 |volume=43 |pages=171–180 |jstor=44141228 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Kosmin |first=Paul J. |author-link=Paul J. Kosmin |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GHoSBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA99 |title=Ancient Ethnography: New Approaches |editor=Eran Almagor, Joseph Skinner |chapter=Apologetic Ethnography: Megasthenes' Indica and the Seleucid Elephant |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=9781472537607 }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> <br /> * {{cite book |author=Harry Falk |title=Die sieben &quot;Kasten&quot; des Megasthenes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uloCjwEACAAJ |year=1982 |language=de}}<br /> * Lemser, Marie (2025). ''Beobachten, beschreiben, vergleichen. Ethnographische Praktiken griechischer Autoren von den Alexanderzügen bis ins zweite vorchristliche Jahrhundert'' [Observe, describe, compare. Ethnographic practices of Greek authors from Alexander's campaigns to the second century BC]. Geographica Historica, vol. 47. Stuttgart: Steiner, {{ISBN|978-3-515-13959-5}}, pp. 61–102.<br /> * {{cite book |author=Shri Ram Goyal |title=India as Known to Kauṭilya and Megasthenes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO-FAAAAMAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Kusumanjali Book World}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Stoneman |first=Richard |chapter=How the hoopoe got his crest: reflections on Megasthenes' stories of India |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1kw2b3r.17 |title=Ancient Historiography on War and Empire |date=2017 |publisher=Oxbow Books |isbn=978-1-78570-299-0 |jstor=j.ctt1kw2b3r |editor-last=Stoneman |editor-first=Richard |pages=188–99 }} <br /> * {{Cite book |last=Stoneman |first=Richard |title=The Greek experience of India: from Alexander to the Indo-Greeks |date=2019 |publisher=Princeton University press |isbn=978-0-691-15403-9 |location=Princeton, NJ |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691154039/the-greek-experience-of-india }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{wikisource|works=or|Megasthenes}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150321164350/http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Megasthene-Indika.pdf Fragments of Indika], as reconstructed from later accounts<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120525151841/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Indica.html Ancient India as described by Arrian] based on accounts by Megasthenes<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ancient Greek geographers]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient Anatolian Greeks]]<br /> [[Category:Hellenistic-era people]]<br /> [[Category:Historians of India]]<br /> [[Category:Greek Indologists]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient Greek explorers]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient Greek ambassadors]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations]]<br /> [[Category:Explorers of South Asia]]<br /> [[Category:4th-century BC Greek historians]]<br /> [[Category:3rd-century BC Greek historians]]<br /> [[Category:4th-century BC geographers]]<br /> [[Category:3rd-century BC geographers]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient explorers]]<br /> [[Category:4th-century BC births]]<br /> [[Category:3rd-century BC deaths]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rani_Mukerji_filmography&diff=529592 2026-02-24T07:03:48Z

<p>AarohamResort: put up basic stub with sources...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Rani Mukerji at Vaibhavi Merchant's birthday bash.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Mukerji in 2025]]<br /> <br /> [[Hindi]] film actress [[Rani Mukerji]] made her screen debut in ''[[Biyer Phool]]'' (1996), a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]] directed by her father [[Ram Mukherjee]].&lt;ref name=&quot;biyer phool&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biyer Phool (1996) |url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b7f854d20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132507/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b7f854d20 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her first leading role was that of a rape victim in the 1996 social drama ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 March 2012 |title=Who is Rani Mukherji? |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-rani-mukherji-188423 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530165339/http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-rani-mukherji-188423 |archive-date=30 May 2012 |access-date=3 July 2012 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1998 she received wider recognition for her role alongside [[Aamir Khan]] in the action film ''[[Ghulam (film)|Ghulam]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=N |first=Patcy |date=27 November 2012 |title=Rani Mukerji:People Still Remember Me as the Khandala Girl |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-rani-mukerji-people-still-remember-me-as-the-khandala-girl/20121127.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130015846/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-rani-mukerji-people-still-remember-me-as-the-khandala-girl/20121127.htm |archive-date=30 November 2012 |access-date=27 November 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and had her breakthrough as the romantic interest of [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s character in the romantic drama ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''. The latter earned Mukerji her first [[Filmfare Award]] in the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] category.&lt;ref name=&quot;kkhh&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 February 1999 |title='Kuch Kuch Hota Hai' Wins All Top Filmfare Honors |work=India Abroad |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-23055646.html |url-status=dead |access-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608083928/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-23055646.html |archive-date=8 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; She followed this by playing the leading lady in several films, including ''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' (1999) and ''[[Nayak: The Real Hero]]'' (2001), none of which helped propel her career forward.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Box Office 1999 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010125326/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=205&amp;catName=MTk5OQ%3D%3D |archive-date=10 October 2012 |access-date=8 January 2008 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Verma, Sukanya |date=15 December 2000 |title=Oh, For an Aspirin! |url=http://www.rediff.com/%0Amovies/2000/jul/07bich.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921083241/http://www.rediff.com/%0Amovies/2000/jul/07bich.htm |archive-date=21 September 2012 |access-date=23 November 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 September 2002 |title=Rani Mukherji |work=India Abroad |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79282257.html |url-status=dead |access-date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328190545/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-79282257.html |archive-date=28 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mukerji's career prospects improved in 2002 when she starred in [[Yash Raj Films]]' ''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]'', a romantic drama that gained her a [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |title=Rani Mukerji on a Roll |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/cinema/Rani-Mukerji-on-a-roll/Article1-29311.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=8 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726153341/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/cinema/Rani-Mukerji-on-a-roll/Article1-29311.aspx |archive-date=26 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rani Mukherjee: Awards &amp; Nominations |url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10576/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231024510/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/10576/index.html |archive-date=31 December 2009 |access-date=23 July 2010 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For her roles in the 2004 romantic comedy ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' and the composite drama ''[[Yuva]]'', Mukerji became the only actress to win both the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] and Best Supporting Actress, respectively, in the same year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 February 2005 |title=Shah Rukh, Rani Mukherjee Bag Top Awards |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/28/stories/2005022809430300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=22 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104024122/http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/28/stories/2005022809430300.htm |archive-date=4 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography of Rani Mukerji |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Rani-Mukerji.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906014552/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity-profile/Rani-Mukerji.htm |archive-date=6 September 2013 |access-date=10 September 2013 |website=[[Zee News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Asjad |first=Nazir |date=16 March 2012 |title=There's Something About Rani Mukherji... |work=[[Eastern Eye]] |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2643800221.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611073256/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2643800221.html |archive-date=11 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also that year, she starred in ''[[Veer-Zaara]]''{{mdash}}the [[List of Bollywood films of 2004|highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Box Office 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Box Office 2004 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&amp;catName=MjAwNA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132208/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&amp;catName=MjAwNA%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=8 January 2008 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2005, she received praise for portraying a blind, deaf and mute woman in the drama ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 June 2010 |title=Filmfare&amp;nbsp;– 80 Iconic Performances 9/10 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/details.php?id=954 |journal=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225101342/http://filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performance-910-990.html |archive-date=25 February 2012 |access-date=8 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; and played a con woman in the crime comedy film ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Box Office 2005 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&amp;catName=MjAwNQ== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132120/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&amp;catName=MjAwNQ%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=8 January 2008 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; For her performance in ''Black'', she was awarded the Best Actress and Best Actress (Critics) trophies at Filmfare.&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt; The following year, she played an unhappily married woman in the drama ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' {{mdash}} the top-grossing Bollywood film in overseas at that point.&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Box Office&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Overseas |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&amp;catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006052405/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=308&amp;catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=8 January 2008 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following a leading role in the financially successful drama ''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]'' (2007),&lt;ref name=&quot;Box Office 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Box Office 2007 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&amp;catName=MjAwNw== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132441/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&amp;catName=MjAwNw%3D%3D |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=8 January 2008 |publisher=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mukerji starred primarily in films produced by Yash Raj Films for the next two years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 September 2009 |title=The Rise and Fall of Rani Mukerji |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/23/slide-show-1-the-rise-and-fall-of-rani-mukerji.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034622/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/sep/23/slide-show-1-the-rise-and-fall-of-rani-mukerji.htm |archive-date=26 April 2012 |access-date=22 November 2011 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; None of these films performed well at the box office,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 December 2010 |title=No Actor Sticks to One Production House: Rani |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/No-actor-sticks-to-one-production-house-Rani/articleshow/7058694.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521181244/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-08/news-interviews/28257696_1_roles-yash-raj-films-rani-mukerji |archive-date=21 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; after which she featured as a talent judge for the [[Sony Entertainment Television]] reality show ''[[Dance Premier League]]'' (2009).&lt;ref name=&quot;dpl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Behal |first=Suchitra |date=22 November 2009 |title=In Passing |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/22/stories/2009112250070200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919011332/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/11/22/stories/2009112250070200.htm |archive-date=19 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The role of a headstrong television reporter in the 2011 thriller ''[[No One Killed Jessica]]'' earned her another Best Supporting Actress trophy at Filmfare,&lt;ref name=&quot;nokj&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 January 2012 |title=Filmfare Awards 2011 Winners |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Winners/articleshow/11676105.cms |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201090424/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Winners/articleshow/11676105.cms |archive-date=1 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the film proved to be her first box office success in four years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2011 |title=Bollywood Rediscovered Mega Hits in 2011 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-rediscovered-mega-hits-in-2011/212464-8-66.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726093958/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bollywood-rediscovered-mega-hits-in-2011/212464-8-66.html |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=17 December 2011 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, she portrayed a grieving mother in the supernatural thriller ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]'' and in 2014 she appeared as a police officer in the crime thriller ''[[Mardaani]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Schieb |first=Ronnie |date=29 November 2012 |title=Talaash&amp;nbsp;– Film review |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/talaash-1117948845/ |url-status=live |access-date=29 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315171216/http://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/talaash-1117948845/ |archive-date=15 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |date=29 November 2012 |title=Movie review: Talaash |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-talaash-763 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422113958/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-talaash-763 |archive-date=22 April 2013 |access-date=29 November 2012 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Prashant |date=23 August 2014 |title=Imperative to show all girls the reality: Rani Mukerji |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/imperative-to-show-all-girls-the-reality-rani-mukerji/article1-1255567.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=23 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823090209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/imperative-to-show-all-girls-the-reality-rani-mukerji/article1-1255567.aspx |archive-date=23 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following a four-year hiatus, Mukerji played a woman suffering from [[Tourette syndrome]] in ''[[Hichki]]'' (2018), which ranks among Hindi cinema's highest-grossing female-led films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vetticad |first=Anna M. M. |date=23 March 2018 |title=Hichki movie review: Rani Mukerji's 'To Ma'am With Love' hits the mark, hiccups and all |work=[[Firstpost]] |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichki-movie-review-rani-mukerjis-to-maam-with-love-hits-the-mark-hiccups-and-all-4402515.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323185433/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichki-movie-review-rani-mukerjis-to-maam-with-love-hits-the-mark-hiccups-and-all-4402515.html |archive-date=23 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=MK |first=Surendhar |date=8 November 2018 |title=Hichki's Rs 150 crore haul in China helps it dethrone Raazi to become 2018's highest grossing woman-centric film |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichkis-rs-150-crore-haul-in-china-helps-it-dethrone-raazi-to-become-2018s-highest-grossing-woman-centric-film-5518841.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109112052/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hichkis-rs-150-crore-haul-in-china-helps-it-dethrone-raazi-to-become-2018s-highest-grossing-woman-centric-film-5518841.html |archive-date=9 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; She reprised her role in the sequel ''[[Mardaani 2]]'' (2019), which was also a commercial success.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 January 2020 |title=Box Office Economics: Rani Mukherji starrer Mardaani 2 makes approx. 25 cr. in profit for Yash Raj Films |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-economics-rani-mukherji-starrer-mardaani-2-makes-approx-25-cr-profit-yash-raj-films/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106123444/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-economics-rani-mukherji-starrer-mardaani-2-makes-approx-25-cr-profit-yash-raj-films/ |archive-date=6 January 2020 |access-date=1 February 2020 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2023, she starred as the real-life character of a woman whose children were taken away by the [[Norwegian Child Welfare Services]] in the drama ''[[Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway]]'', which emerged as a [[sleeper hit]] and won her another Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress and her first [[National Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]].&lt;ref name=&quot;chatterjee&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=27 March 2023|title=Rani Mukerji Celebrates Victory Over Cynics With Box Office Success of 'Mrs. Chatterjee vs. Norway'|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/rani-mukerji-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-1235565038/|access-date=29 March 2023|work=Variety|archive-date=29 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329065918/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/rani-mukerji-mrs-chatterjee-vs-norway-1235565038/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 January 2024|title=Filmfare Critics Awards 2024: Vikrant Massey Wins Best Actor, Rani Mukerji, Shefali Shah Tied for Best Actress|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/filmfare-critics-awards-2024-vikrant-massey-wins-best-actor-rani-mukerji-shefali-shah-tied-for-best-actress-article-107207670|access-date=29 January 2024|website=Times Now|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128202443/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/filmfare-critics-awards-2024-vikrant-massey-wins-best-actor-rani-mukerji-shefali-shah-tied-for-best-actress-article-107207670|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=71st National Film Awards 2025 Live Updates: Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji win first National Awards; Vikrant Massey and 12th Fail bag trophies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/national-film-awards-2025-live-updates-winners-list-10160873/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Films ==<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1996<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Biyer Phool]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Chatterjee|Mili Chatterjee}}<br /> | [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;biyer phool&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baaraat]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Mala|Mala}}<br /> | Credited as Ranee<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;who&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1998<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Ghulam (film)|Ghulam]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Alisha|Alisha}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://rediff.com/movies/1998/jul/15rani.htm#15rani2 |title=Aati kya Khandala? |last=Verma |first=Suparn |date=15 July 1998 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040318172037/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/jul/15rani.htm#15rani2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Malhotra|Tina Malhotra}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;kkhh&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mehndi (1998 film)|Mehndi]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Pooja|Pooja}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mehandi (1998) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539905 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303203753/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539905 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1999<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mann (1999 film)|Mann]]''<br /> | Item Number<br /> | Special appearance in the song &quot;Kaali Naagin Ke Jaisi&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mann (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201787 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303202619/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201787 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Rani|Rani}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hello Brother (1999) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201830 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901013644/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201830 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 2000<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Badal]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Rani|Rani}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badal (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538892 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200215/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/538892 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hey Ram]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Ram|Aparna Ram}}<br /> | Bilingual film<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite interview |last=Mukherjee |first=Rani |interviewer=Kanchana Suggu |title='Working with Kamal was a dream come true' |work=5 Questions |date=17 January 2000 |publisher=Rediff.com |location=Mumbai |url=https://rediff.com/movies/2000/jan/17rani.htm |access-date=4 July 2024 |archive-date=27 February 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050227055738/http://rediff.com/movies/2000/jan/17rani.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hadh Kar Di Aapne]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Khanna|Anjali Khanna}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hadh Kar Di Aapne (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54508 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228083429/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54508 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bichhoo]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Bali|Kiran Bali}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bichhoo (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200042/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55957 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Oberoi|Pooja Oberoi}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Sharma|Priya Sharma}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kahin Pyaar Na Ho Jaaye (2000) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534411 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902093444/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/534411 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2001<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Chori Chori Chupke Chupke]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Malhotra|Priya Malhotra}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201689 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331132603/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201689 |archive-date=31 March 2015 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bas Itna Sa Khwaab Hai]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Shrivastav|Pooja Shrivastav}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bas Itna Sa Khwaab Hai (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201672 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019035620/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201672 |archive-date=19 October 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Nayak: The Real Hero]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Manjari|Manjari}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nayak (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55960 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303201026/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/55960 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Kapoor|Naina Kapoor}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201895 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901143559/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201895 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2002<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Khurana|Payal Khurana}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pyaar Diwana Hota Hai (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508114 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200007/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508114 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge!]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Sahani|Pooja Sahani}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mujhse Dosti Karoge (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/57071 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807072515/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/57071 |archive-date=7 August 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Sehgal|Dr. Suhani Sharma Sehgal}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Sapna|Sapna}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chalo Ishq Ladaaye (2002) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201682 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303201737/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201682 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2003<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Mathur|Priya Chopra Mathur}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Chori Chori (2003 film)|Chori Chori]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Malhotra|Khushi Malhotra}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chori Chori (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539074 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110084952/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/539074 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Calcutta Mail]]''<br /> | Bulbul/Reema{{ref|1|[I]}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Calcutta Mail (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509654 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722035710/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/509654 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''<br /> | Dancer<br /> | Special appearance in the song &quot;Maahi Ve&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225130721/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201866 |archive-date=25 December 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[LOC: Kargil]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Hema|Hema}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Loc-Kargil (2003) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201799 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905125459/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201799 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2004<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Yuva]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Biswas|Shashi Biswas}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Prakash|Rhea Prakash}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Veer-Zaara]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Siddiqui|Saamiya Siddiqui}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2005<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]''<br /> | {{Sort|McNally|Michelle McNally}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Saluja|Vimmi &quot;Babli&quot; Saluja}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Paheli (2005 film)|Paheli]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Bhanwarlal|Lachchi Bhanwarlal}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paheli (2005) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540117 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200143/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/540117 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mangal Pandey: The Rising]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Heera|Heera}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mangal Pandey&amp;nbsp;– The Rising (2005) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507974 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230211708/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/507974 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2006<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Talwar|Maya Talwar}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Baabul (2006 film)|Baabul]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Kapoor|Malvika &quot;Milli&quot; Talwar Kapoor}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Baabul (2006) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54349 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200351/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54349 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2007<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Ta Ra Rum Pum]]''<br /> | Radhika (Shona)<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65076 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302045508/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/65076 |archive-date=2 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Laaga Chunari Mein Daag]]''<br /> | Vibhavari/Natasha{{ref|1|[I]}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Saawariya]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Gulab|Gulab}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;oldawards&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Om Shanti Om]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Special appearance in the song &quot;Deewangi Deewangi&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Om Shanti Om (2007) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025045139/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/54373 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2008<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Geeta|Geeta}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=D. Gupta |first=Pratim |date=24 June 2008 |title=Guardian Angel |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452063.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=7 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201224218/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452063.jsp |archive-date=1 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Special appearance in the song &quot;[[Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte]]&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56215 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906012215/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/56215 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2009<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Luck by Chance]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Cameo appearance <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Luck by Chance (2009) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201796 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901203137/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/201796 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Dil Bole Hadippa!]]''<br /> | Veera Kaur/Veer Pratap Singh{{ref|2|[II]}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dil Bole Hadippa! (2009) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508843 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301161400/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508843 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2011<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[No One Killed Jessica]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Gaity|Meera Gaity}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;nokj&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2012<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Aiyyaa]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Deshpande|Meenakshi Deshpande}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aiyyaa (2009) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549597 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226124900/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/549597 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Shekhawat|Roshni Shekhawat}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 January 2013 |title='Barfi!', 'Gangs of Wasseypur' Lead Filmfare Nominations |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/barfi--gangs-of-wasseypur-lead-filmfare-nominations/1059676/0 |url-status=live |access-date=21 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119051002/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/barfi--gangs-of-wasseypur-lead-filmfare-nominations/1059676/0 |archive-date=19 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Gayatri|Gayatri}}<br /> | Segment: ''Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bombay Talkies (2013) |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/588998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707001430/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/588998 |archive-date=7 July 2013 |access-date=27 February 2014 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2014<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mardaani]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Roy|Shivani Shivaji Roy}}<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 July 2014 |title=Rani Mukerji's Mardaani Gets a Certificate From Censor Board |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/rani-mukerji-mardaani-gets-a-certificate-from-censor-board-202278-2014-07-30 |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802073920/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rani-mukerji-mardaani-gets-a-certificate-from-censor-board/1/374849.html |archive-date=2 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 January 2015 |title=60th Britannia Filmfare Awards 2014: Complete nomination list |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-nomination-list/articleshow/45949466.cms |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120090738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/60th-Britannia-Filmfare-Awards-2014-Complete-nomination-list/articleshow/45949466.cms |archive-date=20 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2018<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Hichki]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Mathur|Naina Mathur}}<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |date=23 March 2018 |title=Hichki Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/hichki/movie-review/63428161.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323114107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/hichki/movie-review/63428161.cms |archive-date=23 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 March 2019 |title=Nominations for the 64th Vimal Filmfare Awards 2019 |work=Filmfare |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316052927/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-64th-vimal-filmfare-awards-2019_-32898-1.html |archive-date=16 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Zero (2018 film)|Zero]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Cameo appearance <br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lohana |first=Avinash |date=3 October 2017 |title='Dwarf' SRK serenades his lovely ladies again |work=Pune Mirror |url=http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029175920/http://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dwarf-srk-serenades-his-lovely-ladies-again/articleshow/60916407.cms |archive-date=29 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Mardaani 2]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Roy|Shivani Shivaji Roy}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=25 March 2019 |title='Mardaani 2': Rani Mukerji's film finally goes on floors |work=Daily News and Analysis |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mardaani-2-rani-mukerji-s-film-finally-goes-on-floors-2732988 |url-status=live |access-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325064332/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-mardaani-2-rani-mukerji-s-film-finally-goes-on-floors-2732988 |archive-date=25 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Bunty Aur Babli 2]]''<br /> | {{sort|Trivedi|Vimmi &quot;Babli&quot; Trivedi}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Fenil |date=17 February 2021 |title=BREAKING: Yash Raj Films unveils release dates of its forthcoming films! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-unveils-release-dates-forthcoming-films/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217131438/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/breaking-yash-raj-films-unveils-release-dates-forthcoming-films/ |archive-date=17 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway]]''<br /> | {{sort|Chatterjee|Debika Chatterjee}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;chatterjee&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2026<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''[[Mardaani 3]]''<br /> | {{sort|Roy|Shivani Shivaji Roy}}<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;'' |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 September 2025 |title=Mardaani 3 shoot begins; Rani Mukerji-led thriller set for February 27, 2026 release |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mardaani-3-shoot-begins-rani-mukerji-led-thriller-set-february-27-2026-release/ |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | {{Pending film|[[King (2026 film)|King]]}}<br /> | {{TBA}}<br /> | Filming <br /> |style=&quot;text-align: center;'' |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Is Rani Mukerji heading to Poland to shoot for Shah Rukh Khan's King? |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-king-poland-shoot-has-rani-mukerji-playing-key-role-9575888.html |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> &lt;!--Do not include future projects unless there is a reliable source that confirms filming has begun. See [[WP:CRYSTAL]]--&gt;<br /> &lt;!--Works without a valid source will be deleted from the filmography--&gt;<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align: margin;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2009<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[Dance Premier League]]''<br /> | Judge<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref name=&quot;dpl&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2011<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[C.I.D. (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]''<br /> | {{Sort|Gaity|Meera Gaity}}<br /> | Episode: &quot;Abhijeet Ke Ateet Ka Raaz&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;cid&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=10 January 2011 |title=Rani Overshadows Vidya? |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rani-overshadows-Vidya/articleshow/7143451.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521155302/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-22/news-interviews/28268030_1_rani-and-vidya-rani-mukerji-rajkumar-gupta |archive-date=21 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rani Mukerji launches Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Saraswatichandra |url=https://m.filmfare.com/photos/rani-mukherji-launches-saraswatichandra-2370.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203171801/https://m.filmfare.com/photos/rani-mukherji-launches-saraswatichandra-2370.amp |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=13 December 2013 |website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''<br /> | Naina Mathur<br /> | Guest appearance<br /> |{{cn|date=October 2025}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| ''[[The Romantics (2023 web series)|The Romantics]]''<br /> | Herself<br /> | Documentary series<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Romantics Review: The YRF Docu-series works best when it focuses on films over family |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-romantics-review-the-yrf-docu-series-works-best-when-it-focuses-on-films-over-family-101676424985778.html |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722143438/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/the-romantics-review-the-yrf-docu-series-works-best-when-it-focuses-on-films-over-family-101676424985778.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Documentary ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2000<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Bollywood im Alpenrausch''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|Herself<br /> | [[Cinema of Switzerland|Swiss]] [[documentary film]]&lt;br /&gt;Uncredited; cameo appearance<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bollywood im Alpenrausch&amp;nbsp;– Indische Filmemacher erobern die Schweiz |url=http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_film/974192573 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227012118/http://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_film/974192573 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |publisher=Swiss Films}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''[[Gambling, Gods and LSD]]''<br /> | [[Cinema of Canada|Canadian]]-Swiss documentary film&lt;br /&gt;Cameo appearance<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cast: Gambling, Gods and LSD |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/746114?view=cast |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182354/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/746114?view=cast |archive-date=5 March 2014 |access-date=27 February 2014 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2005<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | {{Sort|Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan, The|''[[The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan|The Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan]]''}}<br /> | [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British]] documentary film<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Aseem |date=17 October 2005 |title=Shah Rukh's Inner World |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/17srk.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318143945/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/oct/17srk.htm |archive-date=18 March 2014 |access-date=2 March 2014 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Music video appearances ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: margin;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 2em;&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 18em;&quot;| Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 8em;&quot;| Performer(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 8em;&quot;| Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 8em;&quot;| Album<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 2em;&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2002<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot;| &quot;Tera Chehra&quot;<br /> | [[Adnan Sami]]<br /> | Girlfriend<br /> | ''Tera Chehra''<br /> | &lt;ref name=&quot;terachehra&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Avijit |first=Anshul |date=7 October 2002 |title=Singing in the Rain |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20021007-rani-mukherjee-to-feature-in-adnan-sami-music-album-tera-chehra-794193-2002-10-06 |url-status=live |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306160020/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rani-mukherjee-to-feature-in-adnan-sami-music-album-tera-chehra/1/218556.html |archive-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kotwani |first=Hiten |date=20 February 2007 |title=Adnan Sami to Star in Bela Sehgal's Next? |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-bollwood/adnan-sami-to-star-in-bela-sehgal-s-next/article1-206985.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140306135739/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/chunk-ht-ui-entertainmentsectionpage-bollwood/adnan-sami-to-star-in-bela-sehgal-s-next/article1-206985.aspx |archive-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Footnotes ==<br /> &lt;sup&gt;{{note|1|[I]}}&lt;/sup&gt;She played a single character who has two different names.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Khubchandani |first=Lata |title=Movie Review: Calcutta Mail |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&amp;cid=2419&amp;id=13150564 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410013518/http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood/preview.php?ctid=5&amp;cid=2419&amp;id=13150564 |archive-date=10 April 2014 |access-date=1 March 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 October 2007 |title=Queen of Hearts |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/queen-of-hearts/article3023891.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305131116/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/queen-of-hearts/article3023891.ece |archive-date=5 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;sup&gt;{{note|2|[II]}}&lt;/sup&gt;She played the role of a woman who masquerades as a man.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |date=2 October 2009 |title=Bollywood Reviews: Dil Bole Hadippa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2009/10/02/bollywood_reviews_dil_bole_feature.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329091659/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2009/10/02/bollywood_reviews_dil_bole_feature.shtml |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=1 March 2014 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;sup&gt;{{note|3|[III]}}&lt;/sup&gt;''[[Bombay Talkies (film)|Bombay Talkies]]'' consisted of four short films, directed by [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Dibakar Banerjee]], [[Zoya Akhtar]] and [[Karan Johar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 May 2012 |title=Bollywood Directors Join Hands to Pay Homage to Indian Cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Bollywood-directors-join-hands-to-pay-homage-to-Indian-cinema/articleshow/13020569.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622040500/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-07/news-interviews/31599052_1_cinema-karan-johar-indian-films |archive-date=22 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of awards and nominations received by Rani Mukerji]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|id=0611552|name=Rani Mukerji}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120109070954/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebritymicro/index/id/5914 Rani Mukerji] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}<br /> <br /> {{featured list}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukerji, Rani filmography}}<br /> [[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br /> [[Category:Actress filmographies]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alandurainathar_Temple,_Pullamangai&diff=485422 2026-02-23T16:57:11Z

<p>AarohamResort: stub...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Shiva temple in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Hindu temple<br /> | name = Pullamangai Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Pasupathi Kovil<br /> | image = Pullamangai brahamapurisvarar temple.JPG<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | map_type = India Tamil Nadu<br /> | map_caption = Brahmapureeswarar Temple, Pullamangai, [[Thanjavur district]], Tamil Nadu<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10.8907|N|79.1751|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]<br /> | location = Pullamangai, Pasupathikoil<br /> | elevation_m = 62.55<br /> | deity = Brahmapureeswarar (Shiva)&lt;br&gt;Anandeeswarar (Shiva)<br /> | facade_direction = <br /> | temple_tank = <br /> | tower = <br /> | festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]]<br /> | architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]<br /> | temple_quantity = One<br /> | monument_quantity= <br /> | inscriptions = <br /> | year_completed = <br /> | creator = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Tirupullamangai''' or '''Thirupullamangai''' is a [[Hindu temple]] of the Hindu god Siva at Pullamangai, in [[Pasupathikoil]], Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by [[Tirugnanasambandar]], a Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]].<br /> <br /> == Architecture ==<br /> [[File:Pullamangai1.jpg|left|100x150px|thumb|Entrance]]<br /> <br /> The shrine faces east; the temple is entered through a small ''[[gopuram]]'' (entrance tower) on the eastern side of the enclosing wall. Both of these, along with the hall, directly in front of the entrance, are of later date than the original temple, as are various subsidiary buildings on either sides of the gopuram and the goddess shrine in the north of the hall. The original ''parivara'' (attendant deities) have disappeared.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Harle|Harle]] 1958, p. 10&lt;/ref&gt; The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of the [[River Kaveri]] as it is on the banks of the Kudamurutti River, a tributary of the Kaveri.&lt;ref name=Ka&gt;{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=30|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=thiruvavaduthurai}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Saptamangai sthalam==<br /> This temple is one of the seven shrines associated with ''[[Saptamartrikas]]'' (seven female deities in [[Shiva|Siva]] temple).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dinamani.com/religion/religion-news/2018/jun/14/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF---1-2939517.html கடம்பூர் விஜயன், சப்தமங்கைத் தலங்கள், பகுதி 1, அரியமங்கை, தினமணி, 16 சூன் 2018]&lt;/ref&gt; Matrikas are the different forms [[Adi Parashakti]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://kungumam.co.in/APArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=2673&amp;id1=94&amp;id2=0&amp;issue=20150601 சப்தமாதர்களும் சக்தியின் அம்சங்களே, ஆன்மிகம்]&lt;/ref&gt; Matrikas are the personified powers of different [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]. [[Brahmani (Matrika)|Brahmani]] emerged from [[Brahma]], [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] from [[Vishnu]], [[Maheshvari]] from [[Shiva]], [[Sachi|Indrani]] from [[Indra]], [[Kaumari]] from [[Kartikeya|Skanda]], [[Varahi]] from [[Varaha]] and [[Chamunda]] from [[Devi]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Leeming |first1=David |last2=Fee |first2= Christopher|date=2016 |title=The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjO6CwAAQBAJ&amp;q=matrikas&amp;pg=PT33 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=9781780235387 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and additionals are [[Narasimhi]], [[Vinayaki]]. This is one of the Saptamangai sthalams, seven sacred places devoted to Devi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |title=சாதிக்க வைக்கும் சப்த மங்கை தலங்கள்!, தினகரன், 12 அக்டோபர் 2018 |access-date=1 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603052847/http://www.dinakaran.com/Aanmeegam_Detail.asp?Nid=22478 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; They are also called as Saptastanam of Chakkarappalli.&lt;ref&gt;Ayyampet N.Selvaraj, Study on the Saptastanam (Seven Sacred Places) of Chakkarappalli in Thanjavur District, Nehru Trust for the Indian Collections at the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, New Delhi, May 2011&lt;/ref&gt; They are:<br /> * [[Chakravageswarar Temple|Chakkarappalli]] <br /> * [[Harimukteesvarar Temple, Ariyamangai|Ariyamangai]] <br /> * [[Kiruthivakesvarar Temple, Sulamangalam|Sulamangalam]] <br /> * [[Jambukesvarar Temple, Nallichery|Nallichery]]<br /> * [[Pasupatheesvarar Temple, Pasupathikovil|Pasupathikovil]] <br /> * [[Chandramouleesvarar Temple, Thazhamangai|Thazhamangai]] <br /> * Pullamangai<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> According to historian Harle, the temple is counted among the four early extant temples of the [[Chola Empire]], with the other three being [[Koranganatha Temple]] in [[Tiruchirappalli district]], [[Moovar Koil]] in [[Pudukottai district]] and [[Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Nageswaran temple]] at [[Kumbakonam]] These temples follow the [[Pallava art and architecture|Pallava architecture]] which are relatively small in size. They all have a fair-sized porch, locally called ''ardhamandapa'' attached to the sanctum, both of which are slightly below the ground level in a pit kind of structure. The structures are also predominantly built of stone.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Harle|Harle]] 1958, p. 9&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The ''garbhagriha''(sanctum) and the ''arthamandapa''(secluded hall) of the temple belong to the earlier structure, while there have been newer structures added to it lately. All the ''parivara''(consort) shrines of the earlier period have not survived and few newer shrines have come up. <br /> The sculptures of this temple is highly acclaimed for its beauty. Apart from the lovely ''devakoshta''(divine) images of [[Dakshinamurthy]], Lingodhbhavar, [[Brahma]] and [[Durga]], the ''[[vimana]]''(shrine) too houses exquisite images of [[Vishnu]], [[Narashima]], [[Tripurantaka]]. The temple has series of miniature panels depicting scenes from [[Ramayana]]. The sculpting in this temple is of high class and speaks volume of Chola artistry.&lt;ref&gt;''Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu''.P.77&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * {{cite book|title=The Brahmapuriswara temple at Pullamangai|last=Harle|first=James C.|year=1958|publisher=Bhulabhai Memorial Institute|location=Bombay|url=http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/16963.pdf|ref=Harle}}<br /> <br /> ==Miniature sculptures in the temple==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File: Pullamangai7.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai13.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai9.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai10.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai11.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai12.jpg<br /> File: Pullamangai8.jpg<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Hindu Temples of Kumbakonam}}<br /> {{Saptha Stana Temples}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]<br /> [[Category:Shiva temples in Thanjavur district]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaali_%E2%80%93_Ek_Agnipariksha&diff=507191 2026-02-23T14:54:46Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting initial biography with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian crime thriller series}}<br /> {{about|the crime thriller of [[Star Plus]]|the soap opera on the same channel|Kaali – Ek Punar Avatar}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = KaaliEkAgniparikshaOfficiallogo.jpeg<br /> | caption = &lt;!--Please don't use captions for obvious title cards. See Template:Infobox television instructions.--&gt;<br /> | genre = [[Crime thriller]]<br /> | runtime = 24 minutes<br /> | creator = [[Mrinal Jha]] &lt;br&gt; Abhigyan Jha<br /> | director = Yash Chauhan &lt;br&gt; Sushen Bhatnagar &lt;br&gt; Vicky Chauhan<br /> | narrated = [[Mrinal Kulkarni]]<br /> | company = <br /> | producer = [[Mrinal Jha]] &lt;br&gt; Abhigyan Jha<br /> | editor = <br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | opentheme = <br /> | network = [[StarPlus]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2010|09|13|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2011|03|18|df=y}}<br /> | num_episodes = 136<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kaali – Ek Agnipariksha''''' is an Indian [[crime thriller]] series that aired on [[StarPlus]] from 13 September 2010 to 18 March 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=REFRESHED Star Plus gets BOLDER|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/refreshed-star-plus-gets-bolder/|url-status=live|website=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414025506/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/refreshed-star-plus-gets-bolder/|archive-date=14 April 2023|date= 17 September 2010|author=ALChougule}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is inspired from [[Ruchika Girhotra case]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=13 September 2010|title=Ruchika-IGP Rathore's story on telly?|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/sep/13/tv-ashutosh-on-kaali-ek-agnipariksha.htm|url-status=live|accessdate= 13 April 2023|website=[[Rediff.com]]|first= Rajul|last=Hegde|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027094501/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/sep/13/tv-ashutosh-on-kaali-ek-agnipariksha.htm |archive-date=27 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> Mehta family, a simple and middle-class family with middle-class values and dreams composed of Veerender Mehta and his two children 16-year-old Rachna and 11-year-old Rahul. Rachana is a girl with big dreams who is sure to make a mark in Badminton one day. Rachana's cousin, Anu is her best friend. Rachana is all through encouraged in her pursuit of playing Badminton by her family. And it's during this pursuit that the menacing bahubali of her town- Thakral, lays his eyes on her. It is from here on the journey of Rachana who decides to fight back against the big and mighty Thakral. Anu stands by Rachana and they remain deeply connected through the terror and trauma that Thakral unleashes on Rachana and her family. The story is the tale of Rachana who belongs to a small, peaceful and happy family and what happens to her and her family when disaster strikes in the form of a monster of a man called Thakral the Bahubali of Ghaziabad.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{div col}}<br /> * [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Keshav Thakral, character inspired by Shambu (S.P.S. Rathore).<br /> * [[Swati Kapoor]] as Rachana, character inspired by [[Ruchika Girhotra case|Ruchika]], an Indian badminton player.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/kaali-1347719.html|title=Kaali..will shake the nation|date=9 September 2010|publisher=|accessdate=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609205639/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/kaali-1347719.html|archive-date=9 June 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nia Sharma]] as Anu, Rachna's cousin and her best-friend<br /> * Varun Jain as Arjun<br /> * [[Arif Zakaria]] as Virendra, Rachana's father<br /> * Perin Malde as Rahul, Rachana's brother<br /> * Vipra Rawal as Rajni<br /> * [[Pranitaa Pandit]] as Janvi Thakral, Keshav Thakral's daughter<br /> * [[Akshay Anand]] as Amar<br /> * Dimple Inamdar as Rajshree<br /> * [[Neelu Kohli]] as Babli<br /> * [[Mrinal Kulkarni]] as Sushma Rai / Aditi Chaudhary<br /> * Anuj Thakur as Mohit<br /> * [[Aham Sharma]] as Aditya Ahlawat<br /> * [[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Narrator&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sonalis-a-writer-and-a-cook-too/articleshow/6786010.cms|title=Sonali's a writer and a cook too|newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Aarun Nagar as Birju<br /> * Dinesh Sharma as Siddharth <br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{SP Shows}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaali - Ek Agnipariksha}}<br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:StarPlus original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2010 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2011 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime television series]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=VH1&diff=453565 2026-02-23T09:52:36Z

<p>AarohamResort: expanded content</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|American cable television network}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox television channel<br /> | name = VH1<br /> | logo = VH1 logo.svg<br /> | logo_caption = Logo used since 2016 (wordmark in use since 2013)<br /> | launch_date = {{Start date and age|1985|1|1}}<br /> | owner = [[Paramount Media Networks]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Paramount Skydance]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | parent = [[MTV Entertainment Group]]<br /> | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]&lt;br /&gt;(downscaled to [[letterbox (filming)|letterbox]]ed [[480i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)<br /> | country = United States<br /> | language = [[English Language|English]]<br /> | area = Nationwide<br /> | headquarters = [[New York City]]<br /> | former_names = ''VH-1/VH-1: Video Hits One''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|1985–1994}}&lt;br /&gt;''VH1: Music First''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|1994–2003}}<br /> | replaced = [[Cable Music Channel]]<br /> | sister_channels = {{collapsible list|<br /> * [[Nickelodeon#Nick (TV channel)|Nick]]<br /> * [[Nickelodeon]]<br /> * [[Nick Jr. Channel]]<br /> * [[Nicktoons (American TV channel)|Nicktoons]]<br /> * [[TeenNick]]<br /> * [[CBS]]<br /> * [[CBS Sports Network]]<br /> * [[CBS Sports HQ]]<br /> * [[CBS Sports Golazo Network]]<br /> * [[MTV]]<br /> * [[MTV2]]<br /> * [[MTV Tres]]<br /> * [[MTV Live (TV network)|MTV Live]]<br /> * [[MTV Classic (American TV channel)|MTV Classic]]<br /> * [[BET]]<br /> * [[BET Her]]<br /> * [[Comedy Central]]<br /> * [[TV Land]]<br /> * [[Logo TV|Logo]]<br /> * [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]]<br /> * [[Pop (American TV channel)|Pop TV]]<br /> * [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]]<br /> * [[The Movie Channel]]<br /> * [[Flix (TV network)|Flix]]<br /> * [[Paramount Network]]<br /> * [[Smithsonian Channel]]<br /> }}<br /> | website = {{official URL}}<br /> | online_serv_1 = [[Sling TV]], [[Philo (company)|Philo]], [[YouTube TV]], Vidgo TV, [[FuboTV]], [[Hulu]]<br /> | online_chan_1 = [[Internet Protocol television]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''VH1''' (originally an [[initialism]] for '''Video Hits One''') is an American [[basic cable]] television network launched on January 1, 1985, and is currently owned by [[Paramount Skydance]] through its [[Paramount Media Networks|network]] division's [[Paramount Media Networks#MTV Entertainment Group|MTV Entertainment Group]] unit, based in [[New York City]]. The network was originally owned by [[Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment]]; a division of [[Warner Communications]] (currently WBD), and the original owner of sister channel [[MTV]] at the time. It was launched in the channel space of [[Turner Broadcasting System]]'s short-lived [[Cable Music Channel]]. <br /> <br /> VH1 was originally conceived to build upon the success of MTV by playing music videos targeting a slightly older demographic focusing on the lighter, softer side of popular music.&lt;ref name=&quot;launsch&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sherwood |first=Rick |date=October 5, 1984 |title=VH-1 Wants Adult Video Viewers |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=11xOAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5661%2C1204403 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212093805/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=11xOAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5661,1204403 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |work=[[Spokane Chronicle]] |location=Washington |page=11 |via=[[Google News]] |agency=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Like MTV, VH1 ultimately [[channel drift|drifted away]] from music and into [[reality television]] programming; albeit with a focus on music personalities, celebrities, and shows targeting [[African-American]] audiences. VH1 is best known for franchises such as ''[[Behind the Music]]'', the ''[[I Love...#VH1|I Love...]]'' series, the ''[[#Celebreality|Celebreality]]'' block, ''[[Love &amp; Hip Hop]]'', and ''[[Basketball Wives]]''.<br /> <br /> Over the years, VH1's visual identity has undergone several changes, including multiple revisions of its logo and on-air branding. These updates reflected broader shifts in the network's programming strategy and target audience, as VH1 transitioned from a music video–oriented channel to a general entertainment network.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |title=VH1 Logo History, Meaning, Symbolism and Brand Heritage<br /> |url=https://logoheritage.com/vh1-logo-history-meaning-symbolism-brand-heritage/<br /> |website=LogoHeritage<br /> |access-date=28 December 2021<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of December 2023, VH1 is available in approximately 67,481,000 American households;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2024 |title=U.S. Cable Network Households (Universe), 1990 – 2023 |url=https://wrestlenomics.com/u-s-cable-network-households-universe-1990-2023-nielsen-data/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231073226/https://wrestlenomics.com/u-s-cable-network-households-universe-1990-2023-nielsen-data/ |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=Wrestlenomics.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; down from 90.2 million in January 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016 |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014042010/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/content/cable-network-coverage-area-household-universe-estimates-january-2016/153590 |archive-date=October 14, 2016 |access-date=August 21, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> {{main|History of VH1}}<br /> {{MTV}}<br /> VH1, an acronym for '''Video Hits One''', launched on January 1, 1985, over the channel space of [[Turner Broadcasting System|Turner]]'s [[Cable Music Channel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;worldradio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=June 25, 1984 |title=Warner Takes MTV, Nickelodeon Public |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/84-OCR/BC-1984-06-25-OCR-Page-0058.pdf#search=%22mtv%20networks%22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112040813/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/84-OCR/BC-1984-06-25-OCR-Page-0058.pdf#search=%22mtv%20networks%22 |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |access-date=January 12, 2022 |work=Broadcasting |publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc. |via=World Radio History}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date=July 19, 1984 |title=Business People; A Chief Is Named by MTV Networks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/19/business/business-people-a-chief-is-named-by-mtv-networks.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409194247/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/19/business/business-people-a-chief-is-named-by-mtv-networks.html |archive-date=April 9, 2021 |access-date=June 1, 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The channel originally focused on music and programming aimed at older audiences than its sibling channel at the time, [[MTV]].&lt;ref name=&quot;b and c&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Becker |first=Anne |date=May 3, 2009 |title=VH1 Hits a New High Note |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6557244.html?rssid=193 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103185115/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6557244.html?rssid=193 |archive-date=January 3, 2009 |access-date=May 3, 2008 |work=Broadcasting &amp; Cable}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> On August 27, 1985, parent company [[Warner Communications]] (currently WBD) sold 31% of VH1 and its siblings (MTV and [[Nickelodeon]]; which were already divested by Warner into [[MTV Networks]]) to [[Viacom (1952–2005)|Viacom]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=August 27, 1985 |title=Viacom to Buy Warner Stake In Cable Units |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1985/08/27/viacom-to-buy-warner-stake-in-cable-units/f9a17068-093d-4d39-be78-e7b0a0724ac4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306115525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1985/08/27/viacom-to-buy-warner-stake-in-cable-units/f9a17068-093d-4d39-be78-e7b0a0724ac4/ |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 2, 1985 |title=Viacom Gets Its MTV |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1985/BC-1985-09-02.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151312/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1985/BC-1985-09-02.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |access-date=January 13, 2022 |work=Broadcasting |publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc. |pages=50 |via=World Radio History}}&lt;/ref&gt; Viacom would eventually buy the remaining 69% of MTV Networks from Warner for $326 million on May 20, 1986.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Fabrikant |first=Geraldine |date=1986-09-17 |title=Viacom Chief Leads Group's Buyout Bid |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/17/business/viacom-chief-leads-group-s-buyout-bid.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130051807/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/17/business/viacom-chief-leads-group-s-buyout-bid.html |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-01-23 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |quote=In November 1985, Viacom acquired MTV Networks for $326 million in cash and warrants. One-third of MTV was publicly owned; the rest was owned by Warner Communications and the American Express Company. At the same time, Viacom bought 50 percent of Showtime, the pay television service, that it did not already own for $184 million.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=May 20, 1986 |title=Viacom Has Bought MTV and Showtime/TMC |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/86-OCR/BC-1986-05-26-OCR-Page-0045.pdf#search=%22viacom%20mtv%20networks%22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124100045/https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/86-OCR/BC-1986-05-26-OCR-Page-0045.pdf#search=%22viacom%20mtv%20networks%22 |archive-date=January 24, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |work=Broadcasting |publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc. |via=World Radio History}}&lt;/ref&gt; By 1989, VH1's music programming would cater to Top 40, [[adult contemporary]], [[classic rock]], and 1980s mainstream pop.&lt;ref&gt;Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/4NPYAxnuVgc Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017023805/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NPYAxnuVgc Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NPYAxnuVgc |title=1991 VH1 Commercials |date=October 27, 2011 |access-date=September 22, 2013 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the 1990s, VH1 would gain popularity for original music-related programs such as ''[[Pop-Up Video]]'', ''VH1 Video Timeline'' and ''[[Behind the Music]]''.<br /> <br /> In the 2000s, VH1 would begin to scale down its music offerings, while shifting its focus to pop culture and nostalgia-based programming; including [[reality television]] shows focused on [[celebrities]], and various documentaries and panel shows. Headlining this programming shift would be VH1's ''Celebreality'' block, featuring ''[[The Surreal Life]]'' &amp; its franchise of various spinoffs. One spin-off, ''[[Flavor of Love]]'', proved to be a ratings success, and is cited by observers as the beginning of the network's programming leaning towards shows about African-American personalities (such as the ''[[Basketball Wives]]'' and ''[[Black Ink Crew]]'' franchises); similar to [[BET]] and its [[BET Media Group|sister networks]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Once You Go Black: VH1 and the Growing Power of Black TV Viewers |date=December 2, 2014 |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/vh1-and-black-viewers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220022723/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/vh1-and-black-viewers |archive-date=December 20, 2019 |access-date=December 20, 2019 |publisher=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2014 |title=Why VH1 Gets to Be Black Without the Burden |url=https://www.theroot.com/why-vh1-gets-to-be-black-without-the-burden-1790877558 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815195120/https://www.theroot.com/why-vh1-gets-to-be-black-without-the-burden-1790877558 |archive-date=August 15, 2019 |access-date=August 15, 2019 |website=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011, VH1 introduced the [[Love &amp; Hip Hop: New York|first installment]] of the ''[[Love &amp; Hip Hop]]'' franchise; which would go on to become the network's longest-running program.<br /> <br /> On November 9, 2022, it was announced that oversight of VH1 would move to the [[BET Media Group]] under [[Scott Mills (businessman)|Scott Mills]].&lt;ref name=&quot;VH1 move&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2022-11-09 |title=VH1 Shifts from Paramount Media Networks to BET Media Group Under Scott Mills |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/vh1-shifts-bet-media-group-scott-mills-paramount-media-networks-1235167972/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Programming ==<br /> {{further|List of programs broadcast by VH1}}<br /> Original programming currently seen on VH1 includes the ''[[Love &amp; Hip Hop]]'' and the ''[[Basketball Wives]]'' franchises. Other notable shows and franchises that have aired on the network include ''[[Black Ink Crew]]'', ''[[The Impact: New York]]'' (a spinoff of [[BET+]]'s ''[[The Impact: Atlanta]]''), ''[[RuPaul's Drag Race]]'' (which was moved over from [[Logo (TV channel)|Logo]], and aired on VH1 from 2017–2022), reruns and new episodes of ''[[Wild 'n Out|Nick Cannon Presents: Wild 'N Out]]'' (which originated on [[MTV]]), and ''[[Martha &amp; Snoop's Potluck Dinner Party]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;wild&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release |title=MTV's &quot;Nick Cannon Presents: Wild 'N Out&quot; Expands to VH1 for Summer Stunt |publisher=The Futon Critic |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2019/06/20/mtvs-nick-cannon-presents-wild-n-out-expands-to-vh1-for-summer-stunt-622415/20190620mtv01/ |access-date=August 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Since the 2010s, and prior to its move to [[BET Networks|BET]], VH1's programming had shifted towards Black-focused personalities and programming, and before urban music was completely de-emphasized from its brand, hip-hop and adult R&amp;B.<br /> <br /> == Sister and international networks ==<br /> === VH1 HD ===<br /> '''VH1 HD''' (launched in 2005) is a [[1080i]] [[High-definition television|high-definition]] feed, with all major providers carrying the network; as of 2016 this feed is downgraded at a provider's [[Cable television headend|headend]] to provide the network's standard definition channel on systems.<br /> <br /> === Sister channels in the U.S. ===<br /> {{further|List of Paramount channels}}<br /> VH1 initially launched four spinoff digital networks as part of ''The [[MTV]] Suite'', with another being launched at a later date. By August 2016, these channels spinoffs had either been realigned under the MTV, [[BET]], or [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]] branding, or were shuttered altogether.<br /> * '''VH1 Classic''': Music videos primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s decade, concert footage, vintage films, and original programming focused on [[adult hits]], [[classic hits]] and [[classic rock]] music. Rebranded as [[MTV Classic (American TV channel)|MTV Classic]] on August 1, 2016, in honor of [[MTV]]'s 35th anniversary, but all of the rebrand's music videos now being switched to the 1980s to the early/mid-2010s.<br /> * '''VH1 Country''': Continuous [[country music]] videos. Rebranded as [[CMT Music|CMT Pure Country]] (now CMT Music) under [[CMT (American TV channel)|CMT]] on Memorial Day 2006.<br /> * '''[[VH1 MegaHits]]''': A channel which played mostly top 40 [[adult contemporary]] videos from throughout VH1's history, from the 1980s to the early 2000s. Due to low viewership, the network was discontinued. The satellite space was utilized by MTV Networks to launch LGBTQ-aimed [[Logo (TV channel)|Logo]] in 2005.<br /> * '''VH1 Soul''': Classic and neo-[[soul music]] videos from the past and present, along world music videos by Caribbean and African artists. Rebranded as [[BET Soul]] under [[BET Media Group|BET]] on December 28, 2015, but first being BET Jams in October.<br /> * '''[[VH1 Uno]]''': A Spanish-language channel which mostly composed of music videos of Latin pop, rock, and traditional ballads, tropical, salsa and merengue music. Discontinued February 2, 2008, by MTV Networks to expand normal distribution of [[MTVU]] beyond college campuses.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 January 2008 |title=mtvU Adds 2.6 Million Subscribers, Launches on Charter, Verizon FiOS, Suddenlink, AT&amp;T and Nearly 70 Other Carriers Nationwide |url=https://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/NYTU12729012008-1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208171939/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/prnewswire/NYTU12729012008-1.htm |archive-date=8 February 2008 |access-date=27 June 2011 |work=[[CNNMoney.com]] |publisher=[[MTV Networks]] |agency=[[PR Newswire]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Internet ===<br /> {{unreferenced|section|date=July 2024}}<br /> VH1's website launched in the mid-1990s. In 2003, MTV Networks established ''VSPOT'', a broadband video channel that followed the model of [[MTV Overdrive]], containing the shows aired by VH1 and [[music videos]]. Like ''Overdrive'', it was coolly received due to a heavy reliance on broadband and advanced web technologies. VH1 returned to a traditional-style website in late 2007.<br /> <br /> === Defunct international networks ===<br /> {{further|List of MTV channels}}<br /> As of 2025, Paramount Skydance never broadcast all international versions of VH1 due to shutdown:<br /> * '''VH1 Adria''': By the end of September 2012, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Croatia got their regional version of VH1 called VH1 Adria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2012 |title=Blic Online &amp;#124; Srbija dobija svoj VH1 kanal |url=http://www.blic.rs/Zabava/Vesti/342501/Srbija-dobija-svoj-VH1-kanal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012063041/http://www.blic.rs/Zabava/Vesti/342501/Srbija-dobija-svoj-VH1-kanal |archive-date=October 12, 2012 |access-date=October 24, 2012 |website=Blic.rs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2012 |title=Vh1 Adria |url=https://www.facebook.com/Vh1Adria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017092558/https://www.facebook.com/Vh1Adria |archive-date=October 17, 2015 |access-date=October 24, 2012 |website=[[Facebook]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, due to financial issues, the channel closed in January 2015 and was replaced by the feed of VH1 Europe.<br /> * '''[[MTV Classic (Australian TV channel)|VH1 Australia]]''': Since March (April for Optus customers) 2004, VH1 has been available in Australia on [[Foxtel]], [[Optus Television]] and [[Austar]]. It is also available on SelecTV's pay-TV platform. On May 1, 2010, VH1 Australia was rebranded as MTV Classic.<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Brazilian TV channel)|VH1 Brasil]]''': The [[Portuguese language|Portuguese-language]] version of VH1 was launched in Brazil on May 1, 2004. However, VH1 Soul had been available to [[digital cable]] subscribers since 2004. In 2007 VH1 Soul stopped being available in Brazil. In 2009 the version [[High-definition television|HD]] of VH1 was launched. It closed down on November 14, 2014.<br /> * '''[[VH1 MegaHits|VH1 MegaHits Brazil]]''': Replaced the Brazilian version of [[NickMusic|MTV Hits]]. The channel plays 24-hour charted hits non-stop. Closed down on July 31, 2020.<br /> *<br /> * '''VH1 Christmas''': A special channel that played Christmas music videos. VH1 Christmas aired on [[MTV Rocks (UK &amp; Ireland)|MTV Rocks]] in the UK and Ireland during the holiday period annually.<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Danish TV channel)|VH1 Denmark]]''': The Danish version of VH1 was launched in Denmark on March 15, 2008. Today the programming still consist of music videos unlike its American counterpart. This was the only international VH1 under Paramount's responsibility, since the [[VH1 (Italian TV channel)|Italian]] version closed in January 2024 until 1 April 2024 and it has been replaced by [[NickMusic EMEA|NickMusic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Norlys varsler prisstigning og kanalændringer på tv-pakker fra 1. marts - den lille tv-pakke stiger med 45,- / måned |url=https://digitalt.tv/norlys-varsler-prisstigning-og-kanalaendringer-paa-tv-pakker-fra-1-marts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122192035/https://digitalt.tv/norlys-varsler-prisstigning-og-kanalaendringer-paa-tv-pakker-fra-1-marts/ |archive-date=January 22, 2024 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=digitalt.tv |language=da-DK}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''[[VH1 (European TV channel)|VH1 Europe]]''': The Pan-European VH1 channel has broadcast in the European continent as well as Africa and the Middle East. The channel also airs in Russia and many countries of Latin America, albeit only in Russia it has the &quot;16+&quot; icon on the bottom-right, due to Russia's broadcasting laws. VH1 Europe was replaced with [[MTV 00s]] on August 2, 2021.<br /> * '''VH1 Export''': VH1 Export is the technical name used for the version of VH1 European available in the Middle East, Africa, and the [[Levant]] territories broadcasting via satellite, exclusively from the [[Orbit Showtime|OSN]] pay-TV network. In Africa (on [[DStv]]), the channel is exactly the same as VH1 European, but with different adverts. Also VH1 Export has ceased existing on August 2, 2021, and has been replaced by MTV 00s.<br /> * '''[[VH-1 (German TV channel)|VH-1 Germany]]''': In 1995 to 2001, a German-language version of VH-1 was broadcast, featuring more adult music than MTV, and using the original 1985 to 1987 US logo. It proved unsuccessful and eventually had to make way for a non-stop music channel aimed at teenagers called [[MTV2 Pop]].<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Indian TV channel)|VH1 India]]''': In December 2004, MTV India and [[Zee TV|Zee-Turner]] teamed up to bring VH1 to India (later owned by [[Viacom 18|Viacom18]]). It was the only version of VH1 that used 2003 branding until its shutdown in March 2025. It also aired MTV international shows due to [[MTV (Indian TV channel)|MTV India]] only airing Indian originals.<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Indonesian TV channel)|VH1 Indonesia]]''': In Indonesia, VH1 programming were aired on MTV Indonesia at 4 until 8{{nbsp}}pm, and on local terrestrial channels such as [[JakTV]], [[Jakarta]], STV [[Bandung]], TV Borobudur, [[Semarang]], TATV, Solo, Batam TV, [[Batam]], and Makassar TV, [[Makassar]] and also a full link channel seen on satellite PALAPA C2.<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Italian TV channel)|VH1 Italy]]''': Launched in July 2016, which replaced [[MTV Music (Italy)|MTV Music]] on [[Digital terrestrial television|DTT]], which sold the main MTV station to Sky Italia on August 1, 2015. The channel ceased its broadcast on January 7, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Salaris |first=Marco |date=2024-01-03 |title=VH1 cessa le trasmissioni tv domenica 7 gennaio 2024 |url=https://www.tvblog.it/post/vh1-italia-chiude-trasmissioni |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105111146/https://www.tvblog.it/post/vh1-italia-chiude-trasmissioni |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=TvBlog |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Latin American TV channel)|VH1 Latin America]]''': On April 1, 2004, VH1 Latin America joined [[MTV]] and [[Nickelodeon]] Latin America targeting audiences 25–49 years old. Until then, the VH1 main channel available for Latin America was the original US version. The Spanish-language channel is tailored for the market and feature a mix of music and entertainment with local and international-recording artists, as well as original programming. VH1 Latin America closed down on October 7, 2020, being replaced by its [[VH1 (European TV channel)|European counterpart]].<br /> * '''VH1 Pakistan''': It was launched in 2008 by Viacom as a joint venture with [[ARY Digital Network]]. However, in 2009, the channel was closed due to low ratings and repeated shows.{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}<br /> * '''[[VH1 (Polish TV channel)|VH1 Polska]]''': Launched (or rather renamed) on December 1, 2005. The channel was aimed at people in Poland over 25. The channel was formerly known as &quot;MTV Classic&quot; and (especially in its last months) was the same as present VH1, airing the same programs for the same target group. VH1 Polska closed down in March 2020 being replaced by VH1 Europe.<br /> * '''VH1 Russia''': VH1 Russia launched on December 2, 2005. It ceased broadcasting on July 1, 2010, and was replaced by the European VH1 feed.<br /> * '''[[VH1 (British and Irish TV channel)|VH1 UK]]''': VH1 UK targeted 25–44 years old and had much of the same content as the main US channel. From 2008 until the last few years of its existence, the channel played music videos, mostly prominently countdowns and artist playlists. However, it shifted its focus to reality and travel shows, ending up with repeats of Are You the One? and [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5 's]] [[Jane McDonald|Cruising With Jane McDonald]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TVEpg.eu |title=VH1 - Cruising with Jane McDonald - Sat 28 Dec 2019 15:05 GMT |url=https://tvepg.eu/en/united_kingdom/channel/vh1/review/20191228150500/cruising_with_jane_mcdonald |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202171117/https://tvepg.eu/en/united_kingdom/channel/vh1/review/20191228150500/cruising_with_jane_mcdonald |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |access-date=December 17, 2020 |website=tvepg.eu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; when it closed down on January 7, 2020. In addition to VH1, there were two sister stations in the UK: [[VH1 Classic]] (now MTV Classic) and [[VH2]] (now closed).<br /> <br /> In Canada, [[CHUM Limited]] launched [[M3 (Canadian TV channel)|MuchMoreMusic]], a sister channel to [[Much (TV channel)|MuchMusic]] (which was considered to be MTV's Canadian counterpart), in 1998. The channel would air the majority of VH1's music and reality programming until 2013.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Cable Music Channel]]<br /> * [[List of programs broadcast by VH1]]<br /> * [[MTV]]<br /> ** [[MTV Classic (American TV channel)|MTV Classic]]<br /> * ''[[Night Tracks]]''<br /> * [[The Tube Music Network]]<br /> * [[Roger Rose]]<br /> * [[Video Hits (Australian TV series)|''Video Hits'' (Australian TV series)]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> * [https://www.vh1.com/ Official website]<br /> <br /> {{Paramount Global}}<br /> {{VH1 original programming}}<br /> {{EmmyAward GovernorsAward}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vh1}}<br /> {{Portalbar|Television|Music|Fashion}}<br /> [[Category:VH1| ]]<br /> [[Category:English-language television stations in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1985]]<br /> [[Category:Paramount Media Networks]]<br /> [[Category:Music video networks in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Television networks in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:1985 establishments in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:African-American television networks]]<br /> [[Category:African-American television]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madras_Presidency_Match&diff=514565 2026-02-14T12:56:36Z

<p>AarohamResort: added - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Annual first-class cricket match}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=February 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> The '''Madras Presidency Match''' was an annual [[first-class cricket]] fixture played in [[Madras]] (now [[Chennai]]) from the 1915–16 season to 1951–52 between teams called the [[Indians cricket team|Indians]] and the [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans]] (i.e., Europeans who were living in India). The matches were played in the Chepauk Grounds (the present [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]) usually in mid-January around the time of [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] festival, and the fixture was sometimes called the '''Pongal match'''. Of the 37 matches played, 33 were first-class and the Indians won 15 of those, the Europeans eight and ten were drawn.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Presidency Match was the idea of [[Buchi Babu Naidu]] of the Madras United Club (MUC) and [[Percival Partridge]] of the Madras Cricket Club (MCC). The MCC, at the time, was an exclusively white organisation and the MUC was founded by Buchi Babu as a similar cricket club for the Indians.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} Shortly before the first match Buchi Babu, who was to captain the Indian side, died of a heart attack. The match still went ahead, mainly because of the efforts of B. Subramaniam, an assistant of Buchi Babu.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} The Indian side was captained by B. S. Ramulu Naidu and the Europeans by Partridge. This &quot;Presidency Hindus&quot; and &quot;Presidency Europeans&quot; match was to have been played between 29 December 1908 and 1 January 1909, but it was abandoned because of rain without the first innings being completed.&lt;ref&gt;[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/122/122430.html Madras Presidency Match, 1908–09]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Subramanian organised an annual ''Buchi Babu Memorial Tournament'' from 1909 and the Europeans v Indians series was not revived until the 1915–16 season. This match, which began on the last day of 1915, is considered the first Madras Presidency Match.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905083612/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/IND.html Tournaments in India], archived from CricketArchive&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==The matches==<br /> The Indians generally dominated the series and it was 1920–21 before the Europeans scored their first victory. The length of the match was increased from two to three days in the third year and gates were introduced in 1921. The 1935 match was cancelled because of a dispute about sharing the profits from the previous year between the MCC and the Indian Cricket Federation.&lt;ref&gt;Muthiah, p. 221&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The teams occasionally brought in players from outside the [[Madras Presidency]]. [[C. K. Nayudu]], the [[Maharajkumar of Vizianagram]], and [[Phiroze Palia]] all played for the Indians. In 1921, C. K. Nayudu hit 128 before lunch on the first day, an innings that included a famous hit which cleared &quot;the boundary wall at the southern end of the MCC compound – to land near a coconut tree 50 yards from the MCC grounds. The hit was easily above 150 yards from the batting crease&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Muthiah, p. 250, quoting C. Ramaswami.&lt;/ref&gt; In 1927, [[Humphrey Ward]] of the Europeans hit 173, setting a record for the highest score in the series. It was bettered the next day by M. C. Sivasankaran, who made 174 for the Indians.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Decline==<br /> The [[Second World War]] caused the cancellation of the 1942 match and, from then, the series went into decline. By the late 1940s, with the exodus of the British after [[Partition of India|Partition]], the Europeans struggled to raise a team. As a consequence, the number of spectators saw a steady decrease. No match was played in 1949 and 1950 and those for 1951 and 1952 were two-day affairs and not first-class. The match in the latter year was watched by a crowd of six people, four of whom were journalists.&lt;ref&gt;Muthiah, p. 208.&lt;/ref&gt; This was the last Madras Presidency match.<br /> <br /> An attempt was made in 1956 to revive the competition and a match was played between Indian and European members of the Madras Cricket Club. The Indians won by an innings and the experiment was never repeated.<br /> <br /> ==Results==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:75px&quot;|Season<br /> ! Captains<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1908–09<br /> | B. S. Ramulu Naidu (Ind)&lt;br&gt;[[Percival Partridge|P. W. Partridge]] (Eur)<br /> | Abandoned due to rain with only one day's play possible. Not a first-class match.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/122/122430.html Madras Presidency Match, 1908–09]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1914–15<br /> | Unknown (MUC)&lt;br&gt;Unknown (MCC)<br /> | The teams were called Madras Cricket Club (MCC; Europeans only) and Madras United Club (MUC; non-Europeans). MUC won by an innings and 112 runs. Not a first-class match.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/122/122431.html Madras Cricket Club v Madras United Club, 1914–15]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1915–16<br /> | B. Subramanian (Ind)&lt;br&gt;[[Daniel Richmond|R. D. Richmond]] (Eur)<br /> | Match drawn.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9487.html Madras Presidency Match, 1915–16]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1916–17<br /> | B. Subramanian&lt;br&gt;P. W. Partridge<br /> | Indians won by 5 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9491.html Madras Presidency Match, 1916–17]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1917–18<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;Unknown<br /> | Indians won by 91 runs. Britten-Jones took the only hat-trick in the tournament.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9501.html Madras Presidency Match, 1917–18]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1918–19<br /> | C. K. Krishnaswamy&lt;br&gt;R. D. Richmond<br /> | Indians won by 4 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9519.html Madras Presidency Match, 1918–19]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1919–20<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;Unknown<br /> | Europeans won by 68 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/9/9729.html Madras Presidency Match, 1919–20]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1920–21<br /> | C. R. Ganapathy&lt;br&gt;[[Kenneth Goldie|K. O. Goldie]]<br /> | Indians won by an innings and 14 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/10/10001.html Madras Presidency Match, 1920–21]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1921–22<br /> | [[M. Baliah Naidu|M. Baliah]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ernest Bradfield|E. W. C. Bradfield]]<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/10/10349.html Madras Presidency Match, 1921–22]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1922–23<br /> | B. Subramaniam&lt;br&gt;E. W. C. Bradfield<br /> | Indians won by 10 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/10/10678.html Madras Presidency Match, 1922–23]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1923–24<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;Unknown<br /> | Indians won by an innings and 27 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/11/11041.html Madras Presidency Match, 1923–24]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1924–25<br /> | C. R. Ganapathy&lt;br&gt;[[Humphrey Ward|H. P. Ward]]<br /> | Europeans won by 125 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/11/11399.html Madras Presidency Match, 1924–25]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1925–26<br /> | N. N. Swarna&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Europeans won by 66 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/11/11762.html Madras Presidency Match, 1925–26]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1926–27<br /> | [[C. K. Nayudu]]&lt;br&gt;[[C. P. Johnstone]]<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/12/12172.html Madras Presidency Match, 1926–27]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1927–28<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/12/12568.html Madras Presidency Match, 1927–28]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1928–29<br /> | C. K. Nayudu&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Europeans won by 8 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/12/12954.html Madras Presidency Match, 1928–29]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1929–30<br /> | M. Venkataramanjulu&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Indians won by 10 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/13/13349.html Madras Presidency Match, 1929–30]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1930–31<br /> | [[Maharajkumar of Vizianagram]]&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Europeans won by an innings and 6 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/13/13756.html Madras Presidency Match, 1930–31]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1931–32<br /> | Maharajkumar of Vizianagram&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14147.html Madras Presidency Match, 1931–32]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1932–33<br /> | Maharajkumar of Vizianagram&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Indians won by an innings and 109 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14533.html Madras Presidency Match, 1932–33]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1933–34<br /> | M. Baliah&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Europeans won by 31 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/14/14900.html Madras Presidency Match, 1933–34]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1935–36<br /> | M. Baliah&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by an innings and 87 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/15/15682.html Madras Presidency Match, 1935–36]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1936–37<br /> | [[M. J. Gopalan]]&lt;br&gt;H. P. Ward<br /> | Indians won by 247 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/16/16073.html Madras Presidency Match, 1936–37]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1937–38<br /> | [[Cotah Ramaswami|C. Ramaswami]]&lt;br&gt;[[C. P. Johnstone]]<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/16/16488.html Madras Presidency Match, 1937–38]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1938–39<br /> | M. J. Gopalan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by 4 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/16/16875.html Madras Presidency Match, 1938–39]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1939–40<br /> | M. J. Gopalan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by 4 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17253.html Madras Presidency Match, 1939–40]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1940–41<br /> | M. J. Gopalan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by 97 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17302.html Madras Presidency Match, 1940–41]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1942–43<br /> | M. J. Gopalan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Europeans won by 8 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17367.html Madras Presidency Match, 1942–43]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1943–44<br /> | [[A. G. Ram Singh]]&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Match drawn. <br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17400.html Madras Presidency Match, 1943–44]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1944–45<br /> | M. O. Srinivasan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Europeans won by 8 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17456.html Madras Presidency Match, 1944–45]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1945–46<br /> | M. J. Gopalan&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by 5 wickets.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17538.html Madras Presidency Match, 1945–46]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1946–47<br /> | [[Gopalaswami Parthasarathy (diplomat)|G. Parthasarathi]]&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Indians won by an innings and 63 runs.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17939.html Madras Presidency Match, 1946–47]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1947–48<br /> | G. Parthasarathi&lt;br&gt;C. P. Johnstone<br /> | Match drawn.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/18/18349.html Madras Presidency Match, 1947–4]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1950–51<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;Unknown<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | The 1950–51 and 1951–52 matches were not first-class. Both were drawn.<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/122/122433.html Madras Presidency Match, 1950–51]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | 1951–52<br /> | Unknown&lt;br&gt;Unknown<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Scorecards/122/122432.html Madras Presidency Match, 1951–52]. CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 November 2023. {{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Statistics==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Highest individual score (Indians) || 174, M. C. Sivasankaran || 1927<br /> |-<br /> | Highest individual score (Europeans) || 173, H. P. Ward|| 1927<br /> |-<br /> | Best bowling, innings (Indians) || 8 for 14, A. G. Ram Singh || 1936<br /> |-<br /> | Best bowling, innings (Europeans) || 8 for 43, [[Alexander Penfold|A. G. Penfold]] || 1926<br /> |-<br /> | Best bowling, team (Indians) || 13 for 49, A. G. Ram Singh || 1936<br /> |-<br /> | Best bowling, team (Europeans) || 13 for 115, [[Jack Parsons (cricketer)|J. H. Parsons]] || 1920<br /> |-<br /> | Highest total (Indians) || 458 || 1927<br /> |-<br /> | Highest total (Europeans) || 570 for 7 declared || 1931<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Notes===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Sources===<br /> * S. Muthiah, ''The Spirit of Chepauk'', East West Books (1998). {{ISBN|81-86852-13-1}}<br /> * [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/IND.html Tournaments in India]. CricketArchive. {{subscription required}}<br /> * [[Indian Cricket (annual)|Indian Cricket 2004]], Kasturi &amp; Sons Ltd (December 2003).<br /> * [[V. Ramnarayan]], ''Mosquitos and other Jolly Rovers'', Kalamkriya Press (2002).<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian domestic cricket competitions]]<br /> [[Category:Recurring events established in 1916]]<br /> [[Category:Recurring events disestablished in 1952]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manhar_Udhas&diff=451067 2026-02-11T18:25:38Z

<p>AarohamResort: Page updated with relevant improvements</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian singer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Manhar Udhas<br /> | image = ManharUdhas.jpg<br /> | caption = Manhar Udhas at Mirchi Music Awards in 2013<br /> | background = solo_singer<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1943|05|13}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Savarkundla]], [[Baroda State]], British India<br /> | death_date =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | occupation = Singer<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Manhar Udhas''' is a [[Hindi]] and [[Gujarati language]] singer and [[Bollywood]] playback singer.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Manhar Udhas is the eldest son of Keshubhai Udhas and Jituben Udhas, and the elder brother of the singer [[Pankaj Udhas]], who died on 26 February in 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghazal singer Pankaj Udhas dies at 72 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/pankaj-udhas-dies-at-72-2507274-2024-02-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Pankaj Udhas was disheartened by the diminishing presence of ghazals in Bollywood: 'They think in terms of Hollywood' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/pankaj-udhas-was-disheartened-by-the-diminishing-presence-of-ghazals-in-bollywood-they-think-in-terms-of-hollywood-9181940/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=26 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghazal singer Pankaj Udhas passes away at 72 after prolonged illness |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-legend-pankaj-udhas-dies-at-72-after-prolonged-illness/article67887869.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=26 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Nirmal Udhas]]. He completed his mechanical engineering training in [[Gujarat]] and moved to [[Mumbai]] in the late 1960s to look for a job.<br /> <br /> With a lifelong passion for music, Manhar found an entry into the industry through his brother-in-law, a filmmaker in Mumbai, who introduced him to Music Directors [[Kalyanji Anandji]]. Manhar often assisted the duo in song recording. When the singer [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] was not immediately available, it was decided to dub the song in the voice of Udhas and later on Mukesh would sing over it. The song was 'aap se hum ko bichchade huye ek zamana beet gaya' for 1969 film ''Vishwas''. When Mukesh heard the song he said that Udhas has sung the song perfectly and there was no need to record the song in his voice. The song became a hit. It proved to be turning point in his career.&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130411154008/http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicreporter/celebrity-interview-details/Ghazal-singers-will-become-extinct,-rues-Manhar-Udhas/370 Article title]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Manhar has worked with many composers of the film world and has lent his voice to many Bollywood actors. He has sung for more than 300 films in different languages, including Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali and many others. He, like his younger brother Pankaj, is well known for singing Ghazals. He has released over 30 albums (last one, ''&quot;Aashirwad&quot;'', launched in Australia November 2013). He has also worked with Pankaj on albums and Live Shows. His 31st album Alankar was released at [[VadFest]] on 18 January 2015 at [[Vadodara]]. His latest album &quot;Aakarshan&quot; was launched on 5 May 2018 in Anand, Gujarat. He also sang for film, ''[[Kagaz Ki Nau]]'' (1978).<br /> <br /> ==Discography==<br /> 1969 [[Vishwas (film)|Vishwas]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1970 Preet Na Shamna&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1971 Taamari yaad ma Polydor present Music purshotam upadhyay <br /> 1970 [[Purab Aur Paschim]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1972 [[Gomti Ke Kinare|Gomti Ke Kinare 1972]] R.D.Burman.<br /> <br /> 1973 [[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]( Lute Koi Man ka Nagar)&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1973 Chori Chori&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1975 Suraj Dhalti Saanjno&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1980 [[Aap To Aise Na The]] (Tu Iss Tarah Se); [[Qurbani (film)|Qurbani]] (Hum Tumhe Chaahte Hai)<br /> <br /> 1983 [[Hero (1983 film)|Hero]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1983 [[Log Kya Kahenge (1983 film)|Log Kya Kahenge]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1986 [[Janbaaz]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1985 [[Mera Jawab]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1986 [[Karma (1986 film)|Karma]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1986 [[Naam (1986 film)|Naam]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1987 Aagman&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1988 [[Dayavan]]<br /> <br /> 1988 Avsar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1988 [[Ram Avtar]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1989 [[Tridev]]&lt;br /&gt; 1989 [[Ram Lakhan]]<br /> <br /> 1989 Anand&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1990 Aavkar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1990 Jungle Queen – A Tarzan Love Story&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1990 Kishan Kanhaiya<br /> <br /> 1991 [[Saudagar (1991 film)|Saudagar]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1991 [[Sadak]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1991 Arpan&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1991 [[Ghar Jamai (1992 film)|Ghar Jamai]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1992 [[Prem Deewane]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1992 Swati&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1992 Aamantran&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1993 Arman&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1993 [[Lootere]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1993 [[Khalnayak]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1994 Abhinandan&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1994 Amrut&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1994 Saajan Ka Ghar &lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1995 Aabhushan&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1996 Anurag&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1996 [[Jaan (film)|Jaan]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1997 Abhishek&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1997 [[Trimurti (1995 film)|Trimurti]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1998 Aarambh&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1998 Anubhav&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1999 Asmita&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 1999 Jaanwar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2000 Aakar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2001 Aawaaz&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2002 Aalaap&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2003 Apeksha&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2005 Aafreen&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2006 Akruti&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2007 Aabhaar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2008 Akshar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2010 Anmol&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2012 Abhilasha&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2013 Adbhut&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2014 Alankar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2015 Amar&lt;br /&gt;<br /> 2017 Aradhana&lt;br /&gt;<br /> Avsar<br /> <br /> === Singles ===<br /> *Jara aankh michu to chho tame (Maadi mane kahewa de, 1968)<br /> *Aap se hum ko bichhde hue (Vishwas, 1969)<br /> *Purva suhaani aayee (Purab Aur Paschim, 1970)<br /> *Loote koi man ka nagar (Abhimaan, 1973)<br /> *Tu Is Tarah Se (Aap To Aise Na The, 1980)<br /> *Hum tumhe chahte hai aise (Qurbani, 1980)<br /> *Jeete the jiske dum se (Roohi, 1981)<br /> *Tu mera jaanu hai (Hero, 1983)<br /> *Pyar karne wale kabhi (Hero, 1983)<br /> *Har kisi ko nahin milta (Jaanbaaz, 1986)<br /> *Tu kal chala jaayega (Naam, 1986)<br /> *Tera naam liya (Ram Lakhan, 1989)<br /> *Gali Gali mein (Tridev, 1989)<br /> *Laila ne kaha ye majnoo se (Jungle Love, 1990)<br /> *Hum tere bin kahin nahin (Sadak, 1991)<br /> *Ilu Ilu (Saudagar, 1991)<br /> *Ek musafir (Gunaah, 1993)<br /> *Jaan (Jaan, 1996)<br /> *Mausam Ki Tarah Tum Bhi (Jaanwar, 1999)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|0542317}}<br /> *{{discogs artist|Manhar Udhas}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20030704004053/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/04/04/stories/2002040400010100.htm The Hindu newspaper article on Manhar Udhas]<br /> *[http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/apr/apr217.htm Manhar Udhas as Judge for popular Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Zee TV show]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Udhas, Manhar}}<br /> [[Category:Indian male ghazal singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:1943 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghashree&diff=517262 2026-02-08T17:39:50Z

<p>AarohamResort: added</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Meghashree<br /> | image =<br /> | image_caption = Actress Meghashree Pic taken from Photoshoot in 2020<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] India<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years active = 2014{{en dash}}present<br /> }}<br /> '''Meghashree''' is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Kannada, Telugu and Bhojpuri-language films. She is also known for playing the lead role in the supernatural television series ''Nagakannike'' and ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]''.<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Meghashree is originally from [[Thirthahalli]] but lived in Bengaluru.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt; She made her film debut with the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''Darlinge Osina Darlinge'' (2014) before starring in ''Anaganaga Oka Chitram'' (2015).&lt;ref name=&quot;A&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/bilingual-shoot-progresses-in-city/article7308447.ece|title=Bilingual shoot progresses in city|first=Rani|last=Devalla |date=12 June 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429215256/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/bilingual-shoot-progresses-in-city/article7308447.ece|archive-date=29 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150609/entertainment-kollywood/article/megha-shree-dons-sinister-avatar-kolly-debut|title=Megha Shree dons sinister avatar for Kolly debut|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=9 June 2015|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; She made her Tamil debut with ''[[Ka Ka Ka: Aabathin Arikuri]]'' (2017).&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/160219/manali-rathod-makes-her-debut-in-ktown.html|title=Manali Rathod makes her debut in K'town|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=16 February 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; That same year, she made her Kannada debut with the film ''[[March 22 (film)|March 22]]'' and starred in a supporting role in the Telugu films ''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]'' (2017) and ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' (2018).&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/sandalwood/151117/a-megha-movie-list.html|title=A Megha movie list|first=Shashiprasad|last=SM|date=15 November 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; She then appeared in several Kannada films including ''[[Krishna Tulasi]]'' (2018), ''Kaddu Mucchi'' (2019) and ''[[Dasharatha (film)|Dasharatha]]'' (2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt; In a review of ''Krishna Tulasi'' by the Deccan Chronicle, the reviewer wrote that &quot;it is Meghashree who makes a mark with this one&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/250418/krishna-tulasi-movie-review-a-blinder-unfolds.html|title=Krishna Tulasi movie review: A BLINDer unfolds|first=Shashiprasad|last=SM|date=25 April 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Later, she played the lead roles in the Kannada television serials ''Naga Kannike'' and ''[[Ivalu Sujatha]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/240518/small-screen-huge-acclaim.html|title=Small screen, huge acclaim|first=Shashiprasad|last=SM|date=24 May 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt; She appeared as a wildcard entry in ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada]]'' season 6 in 2019. In 2021, Meghasri played the title role in a supernatural television series ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]'', which was a sequel to ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;behindwoods.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/details-about-new-tamil-serial-jyothi-to-be-telecasted-in-sun-tv-watch-promo.html|title=Details about new Tamil serial - Jyothi to be telecasted in Sun TV - Watch promo here|date=22 May 2021|website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; After making her Bhojpuri debut in 2022, she featured in ''[[Farishta (2023 film)|Farishta]]'', as a lead actress opposite [[Khesari Lal Yadav]], the film became a blockbuster and broke many records of past 10 years.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=खेसारीलाल यादव और लाल बाबू पंडित की भोजपुरी फिल्म 'फरिश्ता' ने बनाया रिकार्ड |url=https://samacharsansaar.com/entertainment/khesarilal-yadav-and-lal-babu-pandits-bhojpuri-film-farishta-makes-record/1844/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=समाचार संसार |date=12 March 2023 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Film<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Language<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''Darlinge Osina Darlinge'' || || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/photos/telugu-events/darlinge-osina-darlinge-audio-launch-49245.html|title=Darlinge Osina Darlinge Audio Launch|date=7 September 2014|work=filmibeat}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2015 || ''Panchamukhi'' || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Telugu ||style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;A&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Anaganaga Oka Chitram'' || Chitti || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kaki: Sound of Warning]]'' || Deepti || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2016 || ''[[Santhu Straight Forward]]'' || Ananya's friend || [[Kannada]] ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2017 || ''[[Kaki: Sound of Warning|Ka Ka Ka: Aabathin Arikuri]]'' || Deepti || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[March 22 (film)|March 22]]''|| Amrutha || [[Kannada]] ||style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]'' || Sruthi's sister || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018 || ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' || Veera Raghava's cousin || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Krishna Tulasi]]'' || Tulasi || rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | Kannada || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2019<br /> |''Kaddu Mucchi''<br /> |Aishwarya<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kaddu-mucchi/movie-review/68110767.cms|title=Kaddu Mucchi Movie Review|work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Dasharatha (film)|Dasharatha]]'' || Dasharatha's daughter || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2022 || ''Manasagide'' || || <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Old Monk (film)|Old Monk]]'' || [[Rukmini]] || style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meghashris-special-appearance-in-old-monk-sees-her-as-a-mythological-character/articleshow/84915786.cms | title=Meghashri's special appearance in Old Monk sees her as a mythological character | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Rowdy Inspector (2022 film)|Rowdy Inspector]]''<br /> |Suraj's wife<br /> |[[Bhojpuri Language|Bhojpuri]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=खेसारी लाल यादव की नई मूवी का ट्रेलर रिलीज:अपनी नई फिल्म में राउडी इंस्पेक्टर बने खेसारी, 9 घंटे में मिले 2.5 लाख व्यूज |language=Hindi|work=Dainik Bhaskar |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/news/khesari-lal-yadav-new-movie-trailer-released-khesari-becomes-rowdy-inspector-in-his-new-film-25-lakh-views-in-9-hours-129745828.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Bol Radha Bol''<br /> |Radha<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Bhojpuri<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/bhojpuri-cinema/khesari-lal-yadav-and-megha-shree-bol-radha-bol-new-bhojpuri-film-trailer-2238369|title=छठी माई की पूजा के वक्त नशे में धुत्त पहुंचे खेसारी, 'बोल राधा बोल' का ट्रेलर हुआ लॉन्च|work=[[ABP Live]]|date=15 October 2022|language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023<br /> |''[[Farishta (2023 film)|Farishta]]''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav and Megha Shree's film 'Farishta' first look is out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-megha-shrees-film-farishta-first-look-is-out/articleshow/97280859.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | ''Meherban ''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Khesari Lal Yadav and megashree starts shooting for the new film 'Meherban'<br /> |work=The Times of India<br /> |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/news/khesari-lal-yadav-and-megashree-starts-shooting-for-the-new-film-meherban/articleshow/103776725.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Laadla 2]]'' ||<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2025 || ''Rhythm'' || Sangeetha || Kannada || <br /> |-<br /> |Govardhan<br /> |<br /> |Bhojpuri<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-09-02 |title=Bhojpuri Film: दिनेश लाल यादव उर्फ निरहुआ की नई फिल्म 'गोवर्धन' का पोस्टर रिलीज, मेघा श्री के साथ गांव की दिल छू लेने वाली कहानी को करेंगे पेश |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/bhojpuri-film-govardhan-poster-releases-of-dinesh-lal-yadav-nirahua-and-megha-shree |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Channel<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''Nagakannike''<br /> |Shesha<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[Colors Kannada]]<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Kannada]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2018–2019<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 6)|Bigg Boss Kannada 6]]'' <br /> |Contestant<br /> |Evicted day 70 || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/megashree-eliminated-from-the-bigg-boss-house/articleshow/67308927.cms|title=Meghasri eliminated from the Bigg Boss house|date=30 December 2018|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2019–2020<br /> |''[[Ivalu Sujatha]]''<br /> |Sujatha<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actress Meghashri lands a lead role in upcoming show 'Ivalu Sujatha' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/actress-meghashri-lands-a-lead-role-in-upcoming-show-ivalu-sujatha/articleshow/70055491.cms|access-date=2020-08-09|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Megha Sri returns to the small screen - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/megha-sri-returns-to-the-small-screen/articleshow/70061282.cms|access-date=2020-08-09|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> | ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]''<br /> | Jothi<br /> | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]] <br /> | Sequel of ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb name|9643361}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Bhojpuri cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagyashree_Mote&diff=490715 2026-02-06T06:00:41Z

<p>AarohamResort: stub...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Bhagyashree Mote<br /> | image = Bhagyashree Mote.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years_active = 2011–present<br /> | known_for = ''[[Devyani... Ekka Raja Rani|Devyani]]''<br /> }}<br /> '''Bhagyashree Mote''' is an Indian film and television actress. She mainly works in [[Marathi Films|Marathi films]] and [[Hindi]] television shows and also appeared in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film once.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2 January 2021|title=Bhagyashree Mote thanks 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhagyashree-mote-thanks-2020-for-all-life-lessons-says-it-was-an-up-down-ride-but-every-cloud-has-a-silver-lining/articleshow/80073998.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102131546/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/bhagyashree-mote-thanks-2020-for-all-life-lessons-says-it-was-an-up-down-ride-but-every-cloud-has-a-silver-lining/articleshow/80073998.cms |archive-date=2 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Exclusive: Bhagyashree Mote speaks about her experience of playing Goddess Kaali - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-bhagyashree-mote-speaks-about-her-experience-of-playing-goddess-kaali/articleshow/77980696.cms|access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Times of India|date=7 September 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> She is originally from [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] but now lives in [[Mumbai]]. She has degree in Economics.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} She is known for her performance in ''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev|Devon Ka Dev Mahadev]]'' and ''[[Siya Ke Ram]]''. Her marathi debut was with the ''[[Devyani... Ekka Raja Rani|Devyani]]'' serial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bhagyashree Mothe movies, filmography, biography and songs - Cinestaan.com|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/bhagyashree-mothe-109577|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701081217/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/bhagyashree-mothe-109577|url-status=live|archive-date=1 July 2019|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Cinestaan}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the college, she acted in commercial plays like ''Vishwagarjana''. She was also seen in a Telugu movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Prominent actress in Marathi film industry Bhagyashree Mote|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/prominent-actresses-in-marathi-film-industry-bhagyashree-mote-hot-photos/photoshow/73690615.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804150111/https://maharashtratimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/prominent-actresses-in-marathi-film-industry-bhagyashree-mote-hot-photos/photoshow/73690615.cms |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title='Chikati Gadilo Chithakotudu': The Adult comedy to hit the screens on this day - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/chikati-gadilo-chithakotudu-the-adult-comedy-to-hit-the-screens-on-this-day/articleshow/68459261.cms|website=The Times of India|date=18 March 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> *''Note: all films are in Marathi, unless otherwise noted.''<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> !Ref(s) <br /> |-<br /> |2011<br /> |''Shodhu Kuthe''<br /> |<br /> |Debut<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''[[Mumbai Mirror (film)|Mumbai Mirror]]''<br /> | Bar dancer<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''Kaay Re Rascalaa''<br /> | Vaijanti<br /> |<br /> |{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} <br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |''Patil''<br /> | Pushpa<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Patil Actress Bhagyashree Mote Will Give You Style Inspiration With These 8 Sexy Outfits|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/patil-actress-bhagyashree-mote-will-give-you-style-inspiration-with-these-8-sexy-outfits|access-date=2021-01-06|website=ZEE5 News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |''Majhya Baikocha Priyakar''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019<br /> |''[[Chikati Gadilo Chithakotudu]]''<br /> | Kavya <br /> |[[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=30 May 2020|title=तेलगू सिनेमात मराठमोळ्या भाग्यश्रीने दाखवला मादक अदांचा जलवा, आता सोशल मीडियावर आहे ती हिट|url=https://www.lokmat.com/photos/marathi-cinema/see-actress-bhagyashree-mote-bold-photos-gda/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610231558/https://www.lokmat.com/photos/marathi-cinema/see-actress-bhagyashree-mote-bold-photos-gda/ |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=Lokmat|language=mr-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Shree Kamdev Prasanna''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Bhagyashree Mote Reveals About Her Upcoming series 'Shree Kamdev Prasanna'|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/bhagyashree-mote-reveals-about-her-upcoming-web-series-shree-kamdev-prasanna/5d4c4694a0c20052b1b854a3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929090140/https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/bhagyashree-mote-reveals-about-her-upcoming-web-series-shree-kamdev-prasanna/5d4c4694a0c20052b1b854a3 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=www.spotboye.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''Vitthal''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> |2021<br /> |''[[Bhavai (film)|Bhavai]]''<br /> | Pyaari<br /> |[[Hindi cinema|Hindi film]]<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''[[Ekdam Kadak]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | {{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} <br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> | ''Jantar Mantar ChuMantar''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jantar Mantar ChuMantar Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} जंतर मंतर छूमंतर {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/jantar-mantar-chumantar-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=7 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Television ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Channel<br /> !Language<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2013<br /> |''[[Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev]]''<br /> |Cameo appearance<br /> |[[Life OK]]<br /> |[[Hindi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2014<br /> |''[[Devyani (TV series)|Devyani]]''<br /> |Devyani Sawant<br /> |[[Star Pravah]]<br /> |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2015<br /> |''[[Siya Ke Ram]]''<br /> |[[Shurpanakha]]<br /> |[[StarPlus]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Hindi]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bhagyashree Mote will replace Sara Arfeen Khan as Surpanakha - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bhagyashree-Mote-will-replace-Sara-Arfeen-Khan-as-Surpanakha/articleshow/51925419.cms|access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Times of India|date=22 April 2016 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2015<br /> |''[[Jodha Akbar]]''<br /> |Cameo appearance<br /> |[[Zee TV]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |''Prem He...''<br /> |Episodic role<br /> |[[Zee Yuva]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''[[Jai Deva Shree Ganesha]]''<br /> |[[Parvati|Parvati Devi]]<br /> |[[Star Pravah]]<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=8 September 2020|title=Bhagyashree Mote leaves fan awed with her transformation as Goddess Parvati|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/watch-bhagyashree-mote-leaves-fan-awed-with-her-transformation-as-goddess-parvati/articleshow/78000291.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210212513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/watch-bhagyashree-mote-leaves-fan-awed-with-her-transformation-as-goddess-parvati/articleshow/78000291.cms |archive-date=10 December 2020 |access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm9542601/ Bhagyashree Mote] on [[IMDb]]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mote, Bhagyashree}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardar_Gulab_Singh&diff=452194 2026-02-04T13:08:57Z

<p>AarohamResort: Article updated with improved flow</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Sikh warrior}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br /> '''Sardar Gulab Singh''' was the founder of [[Dallewalia Misl]], one of the [[Sovereign state|sovereign states]] of the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh confederacy]] that rose during the 18th century in the [[Punjab region]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hari Ram Gupta|url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|year=1973|pages=[https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n63/mode/2up 52–53]|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=2009 |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |publisher=[[Punjabi University]] |page=225 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Dallewalia Misal |isbn=978-8130201818 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhMisals/page/n145/mode/2up |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harish Jain|title=The Making of Punjab|publisher=Unistar|year=2003|isbn=9788186898383|pages=203}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Dallewalia and [[Nishanwalia Misl]] were stationed as a reserve force at [[Amritsar]] to protect the holy city and tackle any emergency. The Amritsar and the Punjab region was subject to raids by the Afghans led by [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] therefore the Sikhs had created [[Sikh Confederacy|misls]] to defend the [[Punjab region]] and push back the invaders.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Gulab Singh was the son of Shardha Ram of village Dallewal&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Since Gulab Singh was a resident of the village of [[Dalewal|Dallewal]], hence the name of his [[Sikh Confederacy|misl]] that was established near Dera Baba Nanak, in Doaba Bist [[Jalandhar]]. He had a grocery store in his village [[Dalewal|Dallewal]] (also called Bora Dalla) where all his goods were stolen by thieves and this incident made him rebel against the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal administration]]. As a middle-aged man with a family to feed, he moved to [[Amritsar]] where he trained under [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] and became a [[Sikh]] after baptism.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Pahul ===<br /> In 1726, [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] administered pahul to Gulab Singh on [[Diwali]] at [[Amritsar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Sikhs regarded Nawab Kapur Singh as a leader and general par excellence. He was the organizer of [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|Dal Khalsa]] and an integral link between two sections of the [[Nihang]] [[Sikhs]], Budha dal (veterans-handling administrative functions, taking care of missionary work, Gurudwaras, and protection of religion) and Taruna Dal (the young group-fighters, defenders, and protectors of the community).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Singha|first=H. S.|title=Sikh Studies, Book 6|publisher=Hemkunt Press|year=2005|isbn=8170102588|page=37}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Taruna Dal ====<br /> Gulab Singh became an active member of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|taruna dal]] by late 1726 A.D. and launched into a chivalry career, fighting against Punjab's oppressive Mughal government. Initially, he was having 10-15 companions and commenced plundering slowly; he added 150 comrades. One day, he attacked Jalandhar and, won big booty, returned safely to their jungle camp.{{fact|date=September 2024}}<br /> <br /> === Dallewalia Misl ===<br /> {{Main|Dallewalia Misl}}<br /> In 1748, Gulab Singh was declared to be the head of the Dallewalias Misl&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Markovits|first=Claude|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3d9UDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Singhpuria+Misl%22&amp;pg=PT3|title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|isbn=978-93-5266-745-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; with two deputies Gurdyal Singh and Tara Singh Ghaiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Siṅgha|first=Bhagata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Chhota+ghallughara,+Gulab+Singh,+with+his+two+brothers,+Dayal+Singh+and+Gurdyal+Singh+and+two+sons,+Jaipal+Singh+and+Hardyal+Singh,+actively+participated+in+the+chhota+ghallughara+in+June+1746.|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|publisher=Publication Bureau Punjabi University|year=1993|isbn=|location=original from the university of Michigan|pages=225}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Detail of the Dallewalia Misl<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> ! SN<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Founding Clan<br /> ! Capital<br /> ! Key Leaders<br /> ! Strength in Regular Horseman (1780)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Ranjít Singh |last=Griffin |first=Lepel Henry |year=1893 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNxGAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA237}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=SH0&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/misls.html|title=Sikh Misals (equal bands)|first=Sandeep Singh|last=Bajwa|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910232917/http://sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/misls.html|archive-date=10 September 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! Misl Period Territory by 1759&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=GUPTA|first=HARI RAM|title=TRANS-SATLUJ SIKH|publisher=THE MINEVERA BOOK SHOP|year=1944|isbn=|location=LAHORE|pages=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Kakshi|2007|page=163–164}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! Corresponding Current Area<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> | [[Dallewalia Misl]]&lt;ref name=SH10&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-dallewalia.html|title=Misl Dallewalia|first=Sandeep Singh|last=Bajwa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The '''Dallewalia''' Misl, was first led by Sardar Gulab Singh Dallewalia it had a strength of 9,000 regular horsemen.<br /> <br /> The Misl was founded by Sardar Gulab Singh Dallewalia (d.1759). He hailed from the village Dallewal near Dera Baba Nanak on the left bank of River Ravi, 50 km northeast of Amritsar. The Misl ruled in the Manjke Region of Punjab Rahon, Phillaur, Bilga, Nakodar areas.<br /> <br /> After the Death of Sardar Gulab Singh in 1759 his Successor was Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba (1717–1807) who Ruled and further Expanded his Misl up to Ambala Area (Haryana Region). With other Sikh Sardars he Sacked Kasur city of Pathans and Joined the Sikh Sardars in the sack of Sirhind City in 1764. in 1807 after the death of Tara Singh Ghaiba His Territories were annexed to The Kingdom of Ranjit Singh. The Dallewalia and Nishanwalia Jathas were stationed at Amritsar to protect the holy city.<br /> <br /> [https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Dallevalia_misl Source] Reference used<br /> <br /> History of the Sikhs: The Sikh commonwealth or Rise and fall of Sikh misls by Hari Ram Gupta; Published in 1978 by Munshiram Manoharlal; page 52&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Khatri]]<br /> | Sardar Gulab Singh and [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]]<br /> | 5,000<br /> | [[Nakodar]], Talwan, Badala, [[Rahon]], [[Phillaur]], [[Ludhiana]] etc.<br /> | [[Ludhiana district]], [[Jalandhar district]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Gulab Singh lost his life in 1759 at the [[Kalanaur, Gurdaspur|Battle of Kalanaur]] by the forces of [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hari Ram Gupta|url=http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IvTheSikhCommonwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls|language=English|pages=53|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|date=2001|orig-date=1973}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hence the command of the misl came to Sardar Gurdiyal Singh and later it was headed by [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Dallewalia Misl]]<br /> * [[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Sikhism}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Misl leaders]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mera_Balam_Thanedaar&diff=517438 2026-01-25T08:34:04Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian Hindi TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = Soap Opera &lt;br /&gt; Romance &lt;br /&gt; Drama &lt;br /&gt; Social<br /> | creator = Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal &lt;br /&gt; Shashi Mittal<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | director = Mangesh Kanthale <br /> Vikram Labhe<br /> | starring = {{Plain list|<br /> * Shruti Choudhary<br /> * [[Shagun Pandey]]<br /> }}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 254<br /> | producer = {{Plainlist|<br /> * Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal<br /> * Shashi Mittal<br /> }}<br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multi camera]]<br /> | runtime = 20-22 minutes<br /> | location = [[Rajasthan]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Mumbai]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]<br /> | network = [[Colors TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2024|01|3|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2024|12|20|df=yes}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mera Balam Thanedaar''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television series produced by [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]. It is an official remake of [[Colors Marathi]] series ''[[Raja Ranichi Ga Jodi]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Looking Forward To 2024: 'Shrimad Ramayan' To 'Mera Balam Thanedaar' - 5 Television Shows That Are Set To Air|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/looking-forward-to-2024-srimad-ramayana-to-mera-balam-thanedar-5-television-shows-that-are-set-to-air-news-340409|access-date=2024-01-06|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=2 January 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and starred [[Shagun Pandey]] and Shruti Choudhary.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Shagun Pandey And Shruti Choudhary To Play Leads In The Upcoming Show, 'Mera Balam Thanedaar' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shagun-pandey-and-shruti-choudhary-to-play-leads-in-the-upcoming-show-mera-balam-thanedaar/articleshow/105318824.cms|access-date=2023-12-21|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 November 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered on 3 January 2024 to 20 December 2024 on [[Colors TV]].<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> The story revolves around two individuals with contrasting morals: Bulbul Rajawat, a spirited teenager who believes that lying for a greater good is an act of kindness, and IPS Veer Pratap &quot;Veer&quot; Singh, a police officer who despises lies and is dedicated to combating the treacherous underage marriage practice in his community. Veer and Bulbul are forced to marry each other under certain circumstances. Bulbul learns a horrifying truth that she is underage after their marriage. Now she needs to hide the truth and protect Veer and their families, and fulfill her responsibilities as a wife and daughter-in-law.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> * Shruti Choudhary&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; as Undercover Agent Bulbul Rajawat Singh: Devendra and Geeta's younger daughter; Drishti and Amber's sister; Veer's wife<br /> * [[Shagun Pandey]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; as IPS Veerpratap &quot;Veer&quot; Singh: Chandrakant and Rati's son; Vardhan and Sulakshana's adopted son; Vishesh, Vaani, Vansh and Vayu's adopted brother; Bulbul's husband<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> * Srishti Singh as Drishti Rajawat Singh: Devendra and Geeta's elder daughter; Amber and Bulbul's sister; Vishesh's second wife; Varnika's step-mother<br /> * Rishi Khurana&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-19 |title='Mera Balam Thanedaar' ropes in seasoned actors Rajendra Chawla, Aastha Chaudhary, Rishi Khurana and Vije Bhatia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mera-balam-thanedaar-ropes-in-seasoned-actors-rajendra-chawla-aastha-chaudhary-rishi-khurana-and-vije-bhatia/articleshow/106124373.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Devendra Rajawat: Patriarch of the Rajawat family; Geeta's husband; Drishti, Amber and Bulbul's father; Varnika's step-grandfather<br /> * [[Aastha Chaudhary]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; as Geeta Rajawat: Bulbul, Drishti and Amber's mother; Devendra's wife; Drishti, Amber and Bulbul's mother; Varnika's step-grandmother<br /> * Jeevansh Chaddha&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-01-04 |title=Exclusive: Yeh Hai Chahatein Actor Jeevansh Chadha to play parallel lead Ambar in Mera Balam Thanedaar, says 'I'm excited to return on the TV screen after a year' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-yeh-hai-chahatein-actor-jeevansh-chadha-to-play-parallel-lead-ambar-in-mera-balam-thanedaar-says-im-excited-to-return-on-the-tv-screen-after-a-year/articleshow/106550073.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Amber Rajawat: Devendra and Geeta's son; Drishti and Bulbul's brother<br /> * [[Rajendra Chawla]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; as Vardhan Singh: Patriarch of the Singh family; Sulakshana's husband; Vishesh, Vani, Vansh and Vayu's father; Veer’s adoptive father; Vyom and Varnika’s grandfather<br /> * [[Supriya Shukla]] as Sulakshana Singh: Vardhan's wife; Vishesh, Vani, Vansh and Vayu's mother; Veer’s adoptive mother; Vyom and Varnika’s grandmother<br /> * Vijay Bhatia&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; / Puneet Tejwani as Vishesh Singh: Vardhan and Sulakshana's eldest son; Vani, Vansh and Vayu's brother; Veer's adopted brother; Drishti's husband; Varnika's father<br /> * Honeyy Soni as Varnika Singh: Vishesh’s daughter; Vyom’s cousin<br /> * Anuja Walhe as Vani Singh Jain: Vardhan and Sulakshana's daughter; Vishesh, Vansh and Vayu's sister; Veer's adopted sister; Siddharth's wife; Vyom's mother<br /> * Raghav Gosain as Dr. Siddharth &quot;Sid&quot; Jain: Vaani's husband; Vyom's father<br /> * Nirbhay Thakur as Vyom Jain: Vani and Siddharth's son; Varnika's cousin<br /> * Sagar Parekh as Vansh Singh: Vardhan and Sulakshana's long-lost second son; Vishesh, Vani and Vayu's brother; Veer's adopted brother <br /> * Prateek Singh Parihar as Vayu Singh: Vardhan and Sulakshana's youngest son; Vishesh, Vani and Vansh's brother; Veer's adopted brother Varnika and Vyom's uncle<br /> * Siddharth Dhanda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-11-16 |title=Siddharth Dhanda joins upcoming show Mera Balam Thandedaar; actor says, 'My journey has been slow but steady and fun-filled' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/siddharth-dhanda-joins-upcoming-show-mera-balam-thandedaar-actor-says-my-journey-has-been-slow-but-steady-and-fun-filled/articleshow/105263344.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Ratan Chauhan: Mangal's son; Bulbul's ex-fiancé<br /> * Rajani Gupta as Kaveri<br /> * Prapti Shukla as Rashi<br /> * Ankita Tiwari as Sneha: Bulbul's friend<br /> * Maitri Bhanushali as Divya: Bulbul's friend <br /> * Mohit Parmar as Advocate Rudra Chaudhary<br /> * [[Neelu Vaghela]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-12-14 |title='Mera Balam Thanedaar' ropes in veteran actor Neelu Vaghela in a negative role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mera-balam-thanedaar-ropes-in-veteran-actor-neelu-vaghela-in-a-negative-role/articleshow/105970785.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; as Bhavani Chundawat: Matriarch of the Chundawat family; Rajat and Rana's mother; enemy of the Singh family; Ratan's sponsor<br /> * [[Ayush Anand]] as Inspector Rana Chundawat: Bhavani's younger son; Rajat's younger brother; Veer's enemy<br /> * Devish Ahuja as Avinash Malhotra: Varnika's and other girls blackmailer (Dead)<br /> * [[Mehul Nisar]] as Jeevraj Shekhawat: Avinash's murderer<br /> * [[Barkha Bisht Sengupta|Barkha Bisht]] as Meethi Mai<br /> * [[Ashita Dhawan]] as Sampoorna<br /> <br /> == Adaptations ==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Language<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Title<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Original release<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Network(s)<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Last aired<br /> !style=&quot;background:LightBlue;&quot;|Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''[[Raja Ranichi Ga Jodi]]'' &lt;br&gt; राजा राणीची गं जोडी<br /> | 18 December 2019<br /> | [[Colors Marathi]]<br /> | 12 November 2022<br /> | Original<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''Sillunu Oru Kaadhal'' &lt;br&gt; சில்லுனு ஒரு காதல்&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sillunu Oru Kaadhal to premiere on January 4 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/sillunu-oru-kaadhal-to-premiere-on-january-4/articleshow/79430756.cms|access-date=2022-06-26|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 4 January 2021<br /> | [[Colors Tamil]]<br /> | 28 October 2022<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Remake<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | ''Sorath Ni Mrs. Singham'' &lt;br&gt; સોરઠની મિસિસ સિંઘમ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Popular Marathi TV show Raja Ranichi Ga Jodi to be remade in Gujarati as 'Sorath Ni Mrs Singham' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/popular-marathi-tv-show-raja-ranichi-g-jodi-to-be-remade-in-gujarati-as-sorath-ni-mrs-singham/articleshow/88190199.cms|access-date=2022-06-26|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 24 January 2022<br /> | [[Colors Gujarati]]<br /> | 4 November 2023<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{Colors Programmes}}<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2020s Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Colors TV original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of police departments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Rajasthan Police]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mushkoh_Valley&diff=445113 2026-01-16T16:28:17Z

<p>AarohamResort: small edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mushkoh Valley<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Hill station<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Dras<br /> | pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|34.43|N|75.66|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union territory]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kargil district|Kargil]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Urdu]], [[Shina language]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 194102<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = {{URL|http://kargil.nic.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Mushkoh Valley''' is a [[valley]] situated in [[Dras]]. It is also known as valley of wild tulips, which are a major attraction for tourists. Located within [[Kargil district]] in the [[India|Indian]]-administered [[union territory]] of [[Ladakh]]. Widely considered to be [[Glacier|glaciated]] and unsuitable for human habitation, it came into prominence during the [[Kargil War]] in 1999, when [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] forces crossed the [[Line of Control]] and took up positions in the region.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.jkyouth.com/what-happened-in-mushkoh-valley-during-kargil-war-of-1999.html |title=What happened in Mushkoh Valley during Kargil war of 1999? |website=jkyouth.com |date=3 January 2023 |publisher=JKYouth Newspaper |accessdate=January 3, 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Mushkoh Valley is situated at the westernmost extremity of Ladakh, to the west of which lies the northern reaches of the [[Kashmir Valley]], located in the Indian-administered union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> <br /> The valley is nestled within Dras—the second-coldest inhabited place in the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=This Indian region is world's second-coldest inhabited place. Watch how people live here |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/this-indian-region-is-world-s-second-coldest-inhabited-place-watch-101667615084110.html |work=Hindustan Times |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=5 November 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dras, which is located approximately {{Convert|141|km|mi|abbr=}} from [[Srinagar]], is also called 'The Gateway to Ladakh'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Drass: A Scenic Gateway to Ladakh |url=https://www.india.com/travel/articles/drass-a-scenic-gateway-to-ladakh-3711138/ |website=India.com |publisher=Charu Chowdhary |language=en |date=8 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Mushkoh Valley is situated at an elevation of around {{Convert|11000|ft|m|abbr=|order=flip}}, and is located just eight kilometres west from the main market in Dras.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Mushkoh Valley · CMQ8+2CV, Dras, 194102 |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mushkoh+Valley/@34.437626,75.66385,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x38e3abc12712d14d:0x95ee47a82a3ae4ef!8m2!3d34.4376216!4d75.6660387?coh=164777&amp;entry=tt |website=Mushkoh Valley, Google Maps |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a population settled in a highland village surrounded by the mountains and meadow on all sides. The villagers are mostly involved in farming and sheep rearing.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Schuh |first=Dieter |title=Drass |website=Tibet-Encyclopaedia |year=2014 |url=http://www.tibet-encyclopaedia.de/drass.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport and connectivity==<br /> <br /> The 130-kilometer road connecting the [[Gurez Valley]] to Mushkoh Valley in [[Kargil]]’s [[Dras]]s Sector, connected by Kaobal Gali (4,166.9 metres, between Abdullum and Batokul), the highest pass in Gurez, is now open for off-roading tourists, offering a glimpse into the historic landscape of the Kargil War. These areas, once battlegrounds, hold significant importance in the Kargil conflict.&lt;ref name=kabt1&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = https://www.ekashmirtourism.com/kargil-wars-kaobal-gali-mushkoh-valley-now-open-for-tourists/<br /> | title = Kargil Wars Kaobal Gali, Mushkoh Valley Now Open For Tourists<br /> | publisher = eKashmirTourism.com<br /> | access-date = 20 April 2025<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; In early 2025, high-speed public 4G/5G mobile and internet connectivity was made available by India.&lt;ref name=contt1&gt;[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/troops-in-ladakh-get-4g-5g-connectivity-at-high-altitude-posts-even-up-to-siachen-glacier/articleshow/120434416.cms <br /> लद्दाख में सैनिकों को ऊंचाई वाली चौकियों पर मिली 4जी/5जी कनेक्टिविटी, सियाचिन ग्लेशियर तक सिग्नल], navbharattimes, 19 Apr 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Geography of Ladakh]]<br /> * [[Tourism in Ladakh]]<br /> * [[Transport in Ladakh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Ladakh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kargil War]]<br /> [[Category:Valleys of Ladakh]]<br /> <br /> {{Ladakh-geo-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asha_Rani_(handballer)&diff=487827 2026-01-06T02:29:19Z

<p>AarohamResort: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian handball player}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Asha Rani<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | birth_date = 16 September 2002<br /> | birth_place = Danoda Kalan, [[Jind district]], [[Haryana]], India<br /> | education = Ira International School, Doomarkhan<br /> | occupation = Handball player<br /> | years_active = 2022–present<br /> | position = Right wing<br /> | team = [[India women's national handball team]], [[Haryana]] (domestic)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Asha Rani''' (born 16 September 2002)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Handball RANI Asha - The 19th Asian Games |url=https://www.ocagames.com/HZ_Info/AG2022-/en/results/handball/athlete-profile-n2030224-rani-asha.htm |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.ocagames.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a handball player from [[Haryana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Katoch |first=Bikash Chand |date=2023-09-19 |title=Asian Games 2023: State-wise distribution of India's 655 athletes |url=https://thebridge.in/asian-games/asian-games-2023-india-athletes-state-wise-distribution-43861 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She plays for the [[India women's national handball team]] as right wing. She plays for Haryana in the domestic events.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Rani is from Danoda Kalan, Narwana Tehsil, [[Jind district]], Haryana, India. She learnt her basics training at Ira International School, Doomarkhan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Rani was selected along with three others, Rimpa, Sonika and Priyanka, from her village to represent India in the 19th [[Asian Women's Handball Championship]] at [[Incheon]] city, [[South Korea]] from 24 November to 5 December 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jind News: रिम्पी, सोनिका, आशा व प्रियंका का भारतीय महिला हैंडबॉल टीम में हुआ चयन |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/jind/rimpi-sonika-asha-and-priyanka-selected-in-indian-women-s-handball-team-jind-news-rtk664232370 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, she was part of the Indian women's team at the [[2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]] at [[Hangzhou]], the [[People’s Republic of China]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Handball Live Streaming For Asian Games 2023: How to Watch Handball Coverage on TV And Online |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/handball-live-streaming-watch-handball-asian-games-coverage-tv-online-match-start-timing-sonyliv-8588049.html |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/sai/assets/jobs/1694757729_Participation%20of%20Indian%20Contingent%20in%20Asian%20Games%202022-Clearance.pdf Indian Ministry list] Serial No.567&lt;/ref&gt; This is the fifth Asian Games for the Indian women's handball team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Shourya |date=2023-09-25 |title=India Handball at 2023 Asian Games: Full Squad, Schedule, Medal Chances |url=https://thebridge.in/asian-games/india-handball-2023-asian-games-full-squad-schedule-medal-chances-43970 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They finished third in a tough group behind Japan and China and failed to advance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peesara |first=Anuraag |date=30 September 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023 handball: Indian women's team's campaigns ends in group stage |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-women-handball-schedule-results-india |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=Olympics}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rani. Asha}}<br /> [[Category:2002 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jind district]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women's handball players]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]<br /> [[Category:Handball players at the 2022 Asian Games]]<br /> {{India-sport-bio-stub}}<br /> {{Asia-handball-bio-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padmini_Sathianadhan_Sengupta&diff=523655 2025-12-31T00:10:23Z

<p>AarohamResort: put up new article w/ infobox...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian author, Journalist (1905–1988)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Padmini Sathianadhan Sengupta<br /> | birth_date = 1905<br /> | death_date = 1988<br /> | occupation = Author, Journalist and historian<br /> }}<br /> '''Padmini Sathianadhan Sengupta''' (1905–1988) was an Indian author,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PhRAQAAMAAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=RA10-PA20 |title=Socialist India |date=1970 |publisher=Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Journalist and historian known for her contributions to [[Indian literature]] and historical writings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-Y8AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=padmini+sengupta |title=The National Union Catalogs, 1963-: A Cumulative Author List Representing Library of Congress Printed Cards and Titles Reported by Other American Libraries |date=1964 |publisher=Library of Congress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Magill |first=Frank N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3sBAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA2685 |title=The 20th Century Go-N: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 8 |date=2014-03-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-74060-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She authored a biography titled '''“'''''Makers of Indian Literature'''''”''', focusing on the life and achievements of the poet and freedom fighter [[Sarojini Naidu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Usha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAbQvWL1Z5QC&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA223 |title=Female Labour in India |date=2006-01-01 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-8324-077-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chakravarti |first=Uma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TenDAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PT343 |title=Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai |date=2014-10-27 |publisher=Zubaan |isbn=978-93-83074-63-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Christine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B07iDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA63 |title=Women, Power Relations, and Education in a Transnational World |last2=Arredondo |first2=Adelina |date=2020-05-06 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-44935-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Padmini Sengupta was born in 1910 in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Agarwal |first=Smita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2jfAgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA88 |title=Marginalized: Indian Poetry in English |date=2014-01-02 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-94-012-1033-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-fye0KlDggC&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA222 |title=A New Day: Essays on World Christianity in Honor of Lamin Sanneh |date=2010 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-0456-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She pursued higher education in India, which provided her with a strong foundation in literary and [[History|historical studies]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Delhi |first=All India Radio (AIR), New |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kf1DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA8 |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXXI, No.49 (4 DECEMBER, 1966 ) |date=1966-12-04 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The educational environment of the time, coupled with the nationalistic fervor and the Indian [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]], likely played a role in shaping her perspectives and interests.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Priyasha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tcn4EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA196 |title=Required Reading: The Life of Everyday Texts in the British Empire |date=2024-08-20 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-26154-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rajyalakshmi |first=Dr P. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gufhSu01aH4C&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA39 |title=The Lyric Spring : The Poetic Achievement Of Sarojini Naidu |date=1977 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-056-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=D. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JDsBBDoMccC&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA106 |title=Five Decades: The National Academy of Letters, India : a Short History of Sahitya Akademi |date=2004 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-2060-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Selected works ==<br /> She authored several books, primarily focusing on Indian history and culture. Some of her works include:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Haddad |first1=Yvonne Yazbeck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etGbe5XhmlIC&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA54 |title=Women, Religion, and Social Change |last2=Findly |first2=Ellison Banks |date=1985-09-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-88706-069-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Makers of Indian Literature '''''-''''' focusing on the life and achievements of the poet and freedom fighter [[Sarojini Naidu]].<br /> * The Story of Karuvaki - A historical novel about Karuvaki, the second wife of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Long |first=Roger D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUAVk84xBGUC&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA292 |title=Charisma and Commitment in South Asian History: Essays Presented to Stanley Wolpert |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2641-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Indian Women - Profiles the lives of notable women in Indian history, highlighting their achievements and contributions to society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Division |first=Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSWaDQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PT249 |title=Women of India |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2284-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rebel With a Cause: The Life and Work of Dr. [[Satyajit Ray]] - Details the life of the famous Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray, providing insights into his work and legacy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kent |first=Eliza F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FaFHDAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=padmini+sengupta&amp;pg=PA264 |title=Converting Women: Gender and Protestant Christianity in Colonial South India |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-516507-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Padmini Sathianadhan}}<br /> [[Category:1905 births]]<br /> [[Category:1988 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women historians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Lalu_Prasad_Yadav_ministry&diff=499157 2025-12-27T01:13:43Z

<p>AarohamResort: new...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Government of Bihar, India (1990–1995)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox government cabinet<br /> | cabinet_number = 25th<br /> | cabinet_type = Ministry<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Bihar]]<br /> | flag = Seal of Bihar.svg<br /> | flag_border = true<br /> | incumbent = <br /> | image = File:The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Lalu Prasad addressing the Media to announce a policy matter in New Delhi on September 12, 2004.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | date_formed = 10 March 1990<br /> | date_dissolved = 28 March 1995<br /> | government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]<br /> | government_head = [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]<br /> | deputy_government_head_title = <br /> | state_head_title = [[Governor of Bihar|Governor]]<br /> | state_head = [[Mohammad Yunus Saleem]] &lt;br /&gt;[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]] &lt;br /&gt;[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai|A. R. Kidwai]]<br /> | members_number =<br /> | former_members_number = <br /> | total_number = <br /> | political_parties = {{Party index link|Janata Dal}}<br /> *{{Color box|#B2B2B2|border=black}} [[Independent politician|IND]]<br /> | legislature_status = [[Coalition government|Coalition]]<br /> | opposition_cabinet = <br /> | opposition_party = *{{Party index link| Indian National Congress}}<br /> *{{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> *{{Party index link|Samata Party}}<br /> | opposition_leader = [[Jagannath Mishra]]<br /> | election = [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | last_election = <br /> | legislature_term = {{ayd|10 March 1990|28 March 1995}} <br /> | previous = [[Third Jagannath Mishra ministry|Third Mishra ministry]]<br /> | successor = [[Second Lalu Prasad Yadav ministry|Second Lalu ministry]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''First Lalu Prasad Yadav ministry''' was the 25th Council of Ministers in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] headed by Chief Minister [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=1 October 2013 |title=Lalu, the milkman's son who rose from clerk to CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lalu-the-milkmans-son-who-rose-from-clerk-to-CM/articleshow/23325515.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003101948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-01/india/42573630_1_lalu-prasad-fodder-scam-rjd |archive-date=3 October 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Council of Ministers ==<br /> Source&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Bihar assembly elections 1995, 2000, 2005|url=http://www.bihartimes.in/elect_05/elections.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=www.bihartimes.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=mediavigil|title=Cabinet Reshuffle in Bihar &amp; at Centre|url=http://www.biharwatch.in/2008/04/cabinet-reshuffle-in-bihar-at-centre.html|access-date=2021-09-23|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2006-12-18|title=Profile: Laloo Prasad Yadav|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3514292.stm|access-date=2021-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = [[List of chief ministers of Bihar|'''Chief Minister''']]&lt;br /&gt;Home Affairs&lt;br /&gt;General Administration&lt;br /&gt;Cabinet Secretariat&lt;br /&gt;Vigilance&lt;br /&gt;Election&lt;br /&gt;Other departments not allotted to any Minister<br /> | minister1 = [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party =Janata Dal<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = [[List of finance ministers of Bihar|Finance]] &amp; Commercial Taxes<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Parliamentary Affairs<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Water Resources<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Agriculture<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title =[[List of ministers of education of Bihar|Minister of Education]]<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart =<br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Building Construction<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Revenue &amp; Land Reforms<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Road Construction<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party =<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Tourism<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = [[List of Health Ministers of Bihar|Minister of Health &amp; Family Welfare]]<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Public Health Engineering Department<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Urban Development &amp; Housing<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Art, Culture, Youth Affairs &amp; Sports<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Energy<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Excise &amp; Prohibition<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 =<br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Panchayat Raj<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party =<br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Rural Development<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend =<br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Environment &amp; Forest<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Co-operatives<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 =<br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party =<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Food &amp; Civil Supplies<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart =<br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Transport<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party =<br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = [[List of ministers of science and technology of Bihar|Minister of Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Industry<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart =<br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Minority Welfare<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Information &amp; Public Relations<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Minor Irrigation<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party =<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Sugarcane Industries<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Social Welfare<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Planning &amp; Development<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party =<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Law &amp; Justice<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Schedule Caste Welfare<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Extremely Backward Class Welfare<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Animal Husbandry &amp; Fisheries<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party =<br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Labour &amp; Employment<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> | minister2 =<br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend =<br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Information Technology<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Mining &amp; Geology<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party =<br /> | minister2 = <br /> | minister2_termstart = <br /> | minister2_termend = <br /> | minister2_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of Disaster Management<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> {{Cabinet table minister<br /> | title = Minister of state in Health &amp; Family Welfare<br /> | minister1 = -<br /> | minister1_termstart = 10 March 1990<br /> | minister1_termend = 28 March 1995<br /> | minister1_party = <br /> }}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Bihar Legislative Assembly]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thurayur&diff=454752 2025-12-17T10:33:19Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Thurayur<br /> | native_name = Earlier Payyoli<br /> | native_name_lang = ml<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|11|31|0|N|75|39|0|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 14176<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 6XXXXX<br /> | registration_plate = KL-<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''' Thurayur ''' is a village in [[Kozhikode district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 &amp; above|publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=2008-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> At the [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Thurayur had a population of 14176 with 6531 males and 7645 females.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thurayur Census Town City Population Census 2011-2025 {{!}} Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/627392-thurayur-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> Thurayur village connects to other parts of India through [[Koyilandy]] town, and vatakara town. The nearest airports are at [[Kannur Airport|Kannur]] and [[Kozhikode Airport|Kozhikode]]. The nearest railway station is at Payyoli. It is a small village surrounded by water in all the sides. the northern border is the Kuttiady river flowing from the western ghats to the Arabian sea. The southern side is Akalappuzha backwaters, a beautiful natural area to be visited. The village is a part of Old Payyormala. The bungalow of British rulers is still alive in this village alongside of the Kuttiady river. The Kanoli canal joins at Kuttiady river at this small town, and by this another name was also given to this small town that is 'Payyoli Cheerpp'. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Kozhikode district}}<br /> [[Category:Koyilandy area]]<br /> <br /> {{Kozhikode-geo-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jharia&diff=471297 2025-12-05T16:05:24Z

<p>AarohamResort: quick refine layout for accuracy and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=December 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Jharia<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Dhanbad<br /> | image_skyline = Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Jharia coalfield<br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.751568|N|86.420345|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 77<br /> | population_total = 81979<br /> | population_as_of = 2001<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 828111<br /> | registration_plate = JH<br /> | website = {{URL|dhanbad.nic.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/38/Jharia2.html | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jharia, India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | official_name = <br /> }}<br /> '''Jharia''' is a [[neighbourhood]] in [[Dhanbad]] city in [[Dhanbad Sadar subdivision]] of [[Dhanbad district]] in [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]]. Jharia's economy is heavily dependent on the [[Jharia coalfield|local coal fields]], used to make [[coke (fuel)|coke]]. However, fires in the coal fields have made the city heavily polluted, with several government studies recommending relocation of much of the population to nearby [[Belgaria]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-03-09|title=Living above a century-old coal fire, Jharia residents pay the price for India's mining ambitions|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/03/living-above-a-century-old-coal-fire-jharia-residents-pay-the-price-for-indias-mining-ambitions/|access-date=2020-08-02|website=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Pai|first1=Sandeep|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iMZtQEACAAJ&amp;q=Total+Transition:+The+Human+Side+of+the+Renewable+Energy+Revolution|title=Total Transition: The Human Side of the Renewable Energy Revolution|last2=Carr-Wilson|first2=Savannah|date=2018|publisher=Rocky Mountain Books|isbn=978-1-77160-248-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of 2011, Jharia was the fifteenth-largest town in the state of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/gg.php?lng=en&amp;men=gcis&amp;geo=-1866|title=Jharkhand cities and town, world-gazetteer.com}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> |width=330| height=220| zoom=11<br /> |coord={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the central portion of Dhanbad Sadar subdivision in Dhanbad district'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: Census Town, N: Neighbourhood, R: Rural/ Urban centre&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1={{coord|23|46|48|N|86|19|12|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Sijua | numbered1=N| mark-title1=[[Sijua]] (N)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|23|46|45|N|86|21|10|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Loyabad | numbered2=N| mark-title2= [[Loyabad]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|23|45|53|N|86|24|53|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bhagatdih | numbered3=N| mark-title3=[[Bhagatdih]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|23|47|25|N|86|22|31|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Basaria | numbered4=N| mark-title4= [[Basaria]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|23|49|0|N|86|23|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bhuli | numbered5=N| mark-title5= [[Bhuli, India]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|23|48|15|N|86|20|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chandaur | numbered6=N| mark-title6= [[Chandaur]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|22|13|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Chhatatanr | numbered7=N| mark-title7= [[Chhatatanr]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Dhaunsar | numbered8=N| mark-title8= [[Dhaunsar]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|23|42|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Godhar | numbered9=N| mark-title9= [[Godhar]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|19|44|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jogta | numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Jogta]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|23|48|36|N|86|20|24|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Tetulmari | numbered11=N| mark-title11= [[Tetulmari]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|23|48|28|N|86|24|8|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Wasseypur | numbered12=N| mark-title12= [[Wasseypur]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|23|49|15|N|86|27|50|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Saraidhela| numbered13=N| mark-title13= [[Saraidhela]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|23|45|5|N|86|25|13|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Jharia | numbered14=N| mark-title14= Jharia (N)|shape-color14=black| label-size14=13|label-color14=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|23|44|41|N|86|24|10|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Jharia Khas| numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[Jharia Khas]] (N)<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|23|45|47|N|86|28|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Belgaria | numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Belgaria]] (R)| shape-14 =#C42222<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|23|48|0|N|86|25|50|E}} | label-pos17=right|label-color17=#800000| label17= Dhanbad | numbered17=MC| mark-title17=[[Dhanbad]] (MC)|shape-color17=#800000<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|24|42|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=BCCL Bastacola Area |numbered18=0 | mark-title18=[[Bastacola Area]] (A)| label-size18=12| shape-color18=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord19={{coord|23|46|55|N|86|23|30|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=BCCL Kusunda Area |numbered19=0 | mark-title19=[[Kusunda Area]] (A)| label-size19=12| shape-color19=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|52|N|86|19|53|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=BCCL Sijua Area |numbered20=0 | mark-title20=[[Sijua Area]] (A)| label-size20=12| shape-color20=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord21={{coord|23|48|48|N|86|26|31|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= IIT (ISM) Dhanbad| numbered21=F||mark-title21= [[Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad|IIT (ISM) Dhanbad]] (F) |shape-color21=#967117<br /> |mark-coord22={{coord|23|49|25|N|86|25|35|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= CIMFR – CSiR| numbered22=F| mark-title22= [[Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research]] (F) |shape-color22=#967117<br /> |mark-coord23={{coord|23|49|50|N|86|26|40|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= BBMK University| numbered23=F| mark-title23= [[Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University]] (F) |shape-color23=#967117<br /> |mark-coord24={{coord|23.7137|86.3475}}| label24=Damodar River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none}}<br /> <br /> ===Location===<br /> Jharia is located at {{coord|23.751568|N|86.420345|E|display=inline}}.<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> Jharia, earlier a [[census town]], was combined with other urban units to form [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]] in 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dhanbad Municipal Corporation&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | publisher = DMC | access-date = 15 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150926/http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | archive-date = 15 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | title= Dhanbad District Map| work= Physical Map of Dhanbad |publisher= Jharkhand Government| access-date = 15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jharia is spread over parts of Ward Nos. 36,37 and 38 of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html |title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | work= प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों की सूची (in Hindi)|publisher= Jharkhand Government | access-date = 19 October 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Overview===<br /> The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating [[highland|uplands]] bustling with coalmines in the lowest rung of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The entire area shown in the map is under [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]], except [[Belgaria]] which is under [[Baliapur (community development block)]]. The places in the DMC area are marked as [[neighbourhoods]]. The DMC area shown in the map is around the core area of [[Dhanbad]] city. Another major area of DMC is shown in the map of the southern portion of the district. A small stretch of DMC, extending up to [[Katras]] is shown in the map of the western portion. The region is fully urbanised. [[Jharia (community development block)]] has been merged into DMC. Three operational areas of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] operate fully within the region – [[Sijua Area]], [[Kusunda Area]] and [[Bastacola Area]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2009_PART_A_DCHB_DHANBAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Dhanbad | work = Series 21, Part XIIA, pages 4-5, 5-6, 8 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 4 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 8 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| title = Area| publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited| access-date = 2 July 2019| archive-date = 26 July 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726160730/http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dhanbad Municipal Corporation&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | title = Dhanbad Dsitrict Map | work = Physical Map of Dhanbad | publisher = Jharkhand Government | access-date = 15 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171005161335/http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | archive-date = 5 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | work = प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों की सूची (in Hindi) | publisher = Jharkhand Government | access-date = 19 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171028073630/http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | archive-date = 28 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Police station===<br /> There is a police station at Jharia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/dhanbad | title = Jharkhand Police | work = Contact Numbers | publisher = JP | access-date = 17 June 2019 | archive-date = 16 June 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190616231704/https://jhpolice.gov.in/dhanbad | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.dhanbad.nic.in/Admins/structure.html| title = Dhanbad – Welcome to the Coal Capital of India| work = Administrative Structure of Dhanbad District – List of Thana and Outpost of Dhanbad Outpost| publisher = Jharkhand Government| access-date = 17 June 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095316/http://www.dhanbad.nic.in/Admins/structure.html| archive-date = 2017-10-24| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including building, cities, villages, farm and towns IMPORTANT NOTICE this site is not good(Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jharia had a population of 81,979. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jharia has an average literacy rate of 68%, lower than the national average of 74.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Jharia, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br /> <br /> ==Relocation==<br /> According to the state government this is the worst site of India, the town of Jharia is to be shifted due to the uncontrollable coal mine fires (see below), which have found to be undousable, leading to loss of property and lives. Coal worth [[Rs.]] 60,000 crore (US$12 billion) is lying unmined, and the state government feels the shifting will help in exploiting this resource.&lt;ref name=JhariaTimes&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jharia-to-be-shifted/articleshow/1941479.cms | title=Jharia to be shifted | newspaper=The Times of India | date=31 August 2006 | first=Law Kumar | last=Mishra | access-date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Jharia Rehabilitation and Development Authority is supposed to relocate much of the population to [[Belgaria]] and other towns nearby.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; However, as of 2017, the organization was facing considerable challenges in acquiring land and doing construction,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and a 2016 book reporting on the relocation effort, found that the relocation was not accounting for [[Just Transition]] of jobs, or adequate high quality housing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Coal field==<br /> {{Main|Jharia coalfield}}<br /> [[File:Coal Mine.jpg|thumb|Jharia Coal mine]]<br /> The coal field lies in the [[Damodar River#Damodar Valley|Damodar River Valley]], and covers about 110 square miles (280 square km), and produces bituminous [[coal]] suitable for coke. Most of India's coal comes from Jharia. Jharia coal mines are India's most important storehouse&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.edugreen.teri.res.in/EXPLORE/n_renew/jharia.htm |title=The Jharia coal field fire |access-date=17 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713193226/http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/n_renew/jharia.htm |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; of prime [[Coke (fuel)|coke]] coal used in blast furnaces, it consists of 23 large underground and nine large open cast mines.&lt;ref name=JhariaTimes/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Coal field fire===<br /> Jharia is famous for a [[Mine fire|coal field fire]] that has burned underground for a century. The first fire was detected in 1916.&lt;ref name=JhariaTimes/&gt; According to records, it was the Khas Jharia mines of [[Seth Khora Ramji]], who was a pioneer of Indian coalmines, whose mines were one of the firsts to collapse in underground fire in 1930. Two of his collieries, Khas Jharia and Golden Jharia, which worked on maximum 260-foot-deep shafts,&lt;ref name=xxx/&gt; collapsed due to now infamous underground fires, in which their house and bungalow also collapsed on 8 November 1930, causing a six meter subsidence and widespread destruction.&lt;ref name=&quot;archive.org&quot;&gt;[https://archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft/bengalassambehar00playuoft_djvu.txt Gazetteers of Bengal, Assam, Bihar &amp; Orissa 1917 Khora Ramji Colliries]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Khora Ramji Mines capsized in 1938&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=CbmyAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=khora+ramji+ Khora Ramji Mines capsized in 1938]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=xxx&gt;{{cite book|title=Peripheral Labour: Studies in the History of Partial Proletarianization edited by Shahid Amin, Marcel van der Linden|year=1997|page=83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FClErftju_kC&amp;q=JHARIA+ONE+OF+THE+OLDEST+MINES+FIRE&amp;pg=PA83|isbn=9780521589000|last1=Amin|first1=Samir|last2=Amin|first2=Shahid|last3=Linden|first3=Marcel van der}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir &amp; History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa:1998 Page:12&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi published in Gujarati in year 1999 from Vadodara. It is a diary of Railway Contracts done by KGK community noted by Nanji Govindji Tank of Jamshedpur, compiled by Dharsibhai Jethalal Tank, Tatanagar. (Aank Sidhhi awarded to book by Kutch Shakti at Mumbai in 2000): Life Sketch of Seth Khora Ramji Chawra Page :76&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;f&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=CbmyAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=seth+khora+ramji] ''The Jharia underground fire still raging first came to notice in November, 1930 with subsidance at Seth Khora Ramji's Khas Jharia Colliery(Page 159). He was told that Seth Khora Ramji, whose mines lay underneath Jharia, had chosen to live in his house, which also collapsed in subsidance(Page 160)''. &quot;The politics of labour under late colonialism: workers, unions, and the state in Chota Nagpur, 1928–1939 by Dilip Simeon.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The fire never stopped despite sincere efforts by mines department and railway authorities and in 1933 flaming crevasses lead to exodus of many residents.&lt;ref name=xxx/&gt; The [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]] led to further spread of fire and by 1938 the authorities had declared that there is raging fire beneath the town with 42 collieries out of 133 on fire.&lt;ref&gt;Searchlight, 24 January 1936.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1972, more than 70 mine fires were reported in this region. As of 2007, more than 400,000 people who reside in Jharia are living on land in danger of subsidence due to the fires, and according to [[Satya Pratap Singh]], &quot;Jharia township is on the brink of an ecological and human disaster&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=ab7c12d5-2837-4b87-804c-2649fd1a7413&amp;MatchID1=4627&amp;TeamID1=1&amp;TeamID2=6&amp;MatchType1=1&amp;SeriesID1=1165&amp;PrimaryID=4627&amp;Headline='Declare+Jharia+fire+a+national+disaster' Hindustan Times, 15 December 2007]{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; The government has been criticized for a perceived lackadaisical attitude&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120908233321/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6V8C-4C4W52H-1&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=5d2c09a9fa7df30fb2b5ded8c3002a7c The Jharia mine fire control technical assistance project: an analysis, April 2004]&lt;/ref&gt; towards the safety of the people of Jharia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060902180620/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/27/stories/2006082700070500.htm &quot;Inside Coal Mine Fires&quot;, a documentary, 2005]&lt;/ref&gt; Heavy fumes emitted by the fires&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_132434.htm |title=ESTIMATION OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHALLOW SUBSURFACE COAL FIRES IN JHARIA COALFIELD |access-date=17 January 2008 |archive-date=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608142732/http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2007AM/finalprogram/abstract_132434.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; lead to severe health problems such as breathing disorders and skin diseases among the local population.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indiatogether.org/2006/nov/hlt-mining.htm In the line of fire, indiatogether.org]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> *[[Raja Shiva Prasad College]] was established in 1951 at [[Bhagatdih]], Jharia. It was shifted to Belgarhia, 5&amp;nbsp;km away, in 2018, because of an underground mine fire.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://jharia.in/r-s-p-college-jharia/ | title = RSP College | publisher = Jharia.in | access-date = 19 June 2019 | archive-date = 27 June 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190627201933/http://jharia.in/r-s-p-college-jharia/ | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/new-site-for-oldest-school/cid/1376040 | title = New site for oldest school | publisher = The Telegraph, 8 October 201 | access-date = 19 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jharia-king-s-family-wants-royal-museum-in-building-that-once-housed-college-built-by-king/cid/1680466 | title = Jharia king's family wants royal museum in abandoned building | publisher = The Telegraph, 1 January 2019 | access-date =19 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ammonia pollution ==<br /> In 2018, researchers at [[Université libre de Bruxelles|Université Libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB) in [[Belgium]] revealed a created map of [[Earth|global]] [[Atmosphere|atmospheric]] [[ammonia]], by combining nine years of [[satellite]] data, that show Jharia and surroundings are heavily ammonia [[Pollution|polluted]] from burning coal mines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/64244-scary-map-shows-where-animal-poop-is-turning-into-deadly-ammonia-pollution.html|title=Scary Map Shows Where Animal Poop Is Turning into Deadly Ammonia Pollution|publisher=Live Science|first=Brandon|last=Specktor|access-date=2021-08-18|date=5 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The emitted ammonia reacts rapidly with other [[Air pollution|air pollutants]], and thereby helps to form fine [[Particulates|particulate matter]] that shortens the [[human]] [[Life expectancy|lifespan]] through [[Respiratory disease|respiratory]] and [[Coronary artery disease|coronary diseases]]. Moreover, the [[gas]]eous ammonia and ammonium compounds formed from it in the [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]], are deposited into [[ecosystem]]s, throughout the [[Himalayas]], damaging sensitive [[habitat]]s — especially those naturally adapted to need clean [[Oxygen|air]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Howard|first1=Clare M.|last2=Sutton|first2=Mark A.|date=2018|title=Satellite pinpoints ammonia sources globally|journal=Nature|language=EN|volume=564|issue=7734|pages=49–50|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-07584-7|pmid=30518893|bibcode=2018Natur.564...49S|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Jharia Raj]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://dhanbad.nic.in/links/jharia.htm Official data on Jharia Block]<br /> * [http://jharia.in/official-map-of-dhanbad-district/ Official map of Dhanbad district] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016182522/http://jharia.in/official-map-of-dhanbad-district/ |date=16 October 2017 }}<br /> * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-23422068 Pictures of the coal town of Jharia]<br /> <br /> === Further reading ===<br /> * Reinventing Jharia Coalfield. Edited by N.C. Saxena, Gurdeep Singh, K.N. Singh and B.N. Pan. Jodhpur, Scientific, 2005, vi, 246 p.. {{ISBN|81-7233-398-6}}.<br /> * {{cite journal|title=Satellites track the fires raging beneath India|date=18 July 2006|journal=New Scientist|issue=2560|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125605.600-satellites-track-the-fires-raging-beneath-india.html}}<br /> * {{cite news|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=205350|title=German major eyes Jharia coal fires|last=Roychowdhury|first=Indronil|date=15 October 2006|work=Kolkata Newsline|access-date=2009-05-02}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<br /> * {{cite episode | title = India: Children of the Inferno | series = Unreported World | series-link = Unreported World | airdate = 24 April 2009 | season = 17 | number = 7 | url = http://www.channel4.com/programmes/unreported-world/episode-guide/series-2009/episode-7 }}<br /> * {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200904121051.htm |title=Coal mine fires an election issue in Jharkhand |date=12 April 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2009-05-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104062208/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200904121051.htm |archive-date= 4 November 2012 }}<br /> * {{cite news|url=http://www.bombayfc.com/wasteland|title=Web documentary about the people who live in proximity to the underground coal fires|date=6 May 2009|work=Bombay Flying Club - www.bombayfc.com|access-date=2009-05-02|archive-date=15 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515105844/http://bombayfc.com/wasteland/|url-status=usurped}}<br /> * eBook about the Jharia Coalfields, Zipfel, Isabell https://www.amazon.com/The-Jharia-Coalfields-ebook/dp/B0095I2AH4<br /> <br /> {{Dhanbad District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Dhanbad]]<br /> [[Category:Mining communities in Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Persistent natural fires]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhva_Brahmin&diff=514508 2025-12-03T02:50:31Z

<p>AarohamResort: done - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Hindu Brahmin communities}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{infobox ethnic group|<br /> | group = Madhva Brahmins<br /> | poptime = <br /> | image =Brahmin students from.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | caption = 1858 illustration of Madhva Brahmins with religious symbols on London News<br /> | popplace = India&lt;br /&gt;(Karnataka, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Kerala, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh)<br /> | rels = [[Hinduism]] ([[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]])<br /> | langs = [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Madhva Brahmins''' (also often referred as '''Madhvas''' or '''Sadh-Vaishnavas'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Sadhus of India: The Sociological View|author=Bansi Dhar Tripathi|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1978|page=32|quote=The followers of Madhwa are called Sad- Vaishnavas in contra-distinction to the Vaishnavas of Sri Sampradaya.}}&lt;/ref&gt;), are communities of [[Hindu]]s from the [[Brahmin]] caste in India, who follow [[Sadh Vaishnavism]] ({{Langx|sa|सद्वैष्णवसम्प्रदाय|}}) and [[Dvaita]] philosophy propounded by [[Madhvacharya]]. They are found mostly in the Indian states of [[Karnataka]], Maharashtra, [[Goa]], Tamil Nadu, [[Kerala]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh6qWN4dcp4C|publisher=Bennett, Coleman &amp; Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|year=1972|pages=18–22|quote='''Page 18''':The followers of Madhvacharya (especially Vaishnavas) are found all over Mysore, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra, apart from Maharashtra (Savase brahmins of Sangli, Tasgoan, Karad, Satara, etc) and Central Kerala (Gaud Saraswats)....'''Page 22''':The institutions established by Madhva and his successors for the propagation of the system are found in different parts of the country. A large community of Madhva-Vaishnavas drawn mostly (not exclusively) from the brahmin fold has grown round these institutions. It is not a homogenous community on account of the barriers of language, manner's and customs, food habits and restrictions about intermarriages, etc. The largest number of the community are to found in the North Karnataka areas. Next comes The old Mysore areas, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, parts of Maharashtra proper, Tulunad (South Kanara) and U.P. Barring the Karnatak area and Tamil Nadu, the largest community of Madhvas is to be found among the Gaud Saraswats.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The Madhwa community traces its philosophical origins to Madhvacharya, the founder of [[Tattvavada]] ([[Dvaita]]) philosophy, who lived around 13th century. The [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi]] were established by Madhvacharya by his disciples.<br /> Other Acharyas who established mathas after Madhvacharya include [[Padmanabha Tirtha]], [[Naraharitirtha]], [[Akshobhya Tirtha]], [[Jayatirtha]], [[Sripadaraja]], [[Vyasatirtha]], [[Vadiraja Tirtha]], [[Vijayendra Tirtha]], [[Raghavendra Tirtha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Studies in social history: modern India|author=O. P. Bhatnagar, India. University Grants Commission, University of Allahabad. Dept. of Modern Indian History|publisher=St. Paul's Press Training School|year=1964|pages=133–135}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The affiliations of the Madhwa philosophy extended in the form of temples and monasteries from Udupi in South India to Dwaraka in West India, to Gaya in East India to Badrinath in the North India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Life and Teachings of Narayana Guru: In Two Parts|author=Nataraja Guru|publisher=Narayana Gurukula Foundation|year=1990|page=200}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The town of [[Udupi]] is famous for the [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha|Sri Krishna temple]] of the 13th century. The Madhwas believe that the human soul is saved by the grace of God and God bestows on true devotees. Devotional worship is central to the lives of madhwas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Wholesome nutrition for mind, body, and microflora: the goal of lacto-vegetarianism (recipes of Udipi cuisine included)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UZcVAQAAMAAJ|author=Yamuna Lingappa, Banadakoppa T. Lingappa|publisher=Ecobiology Foundation International|year=1992|page=320|isbn = 9780963499905}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Statewise list of [[Brahmin]] communities who have a section that follows the [[Dvaita Vedanta]] of [[Madhvacharya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=B.G. Kher, the Gentleman Premier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EtAAAAAMAAJ|author=M. V. Kamath|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1989|page=4|quote=The majority of Karhades are Shaivites and subscribe to Advaita though a small minority are Vaishnavites, having, like many Saraswat brahmins, come under the influence of Madhva.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=States, Citizens and Outsiders: The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-7rAAAAMAAJ|page=27|author1=Tapan K. Bose|author2=Rita Manchanda|publisher=South Asia Forum for Human Rights|year=1997|quote=Most notably these were the Deshastha and the Karhade Brahmans many of whom migrated across the Deccan into the east Godavari basin.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *'''Karnataka''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s, [[Shivalli Brahmin|Shivalli]]s, [[Koteshwara Brahmins]],{{efn|Whole Koteshwara Magane Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jooBAAAAMAAJ|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The Koteshwara Brahmins, who are Madhvas, are a small body who take their name from Koteshwara, a place in Coondapur taluk.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s,{{efn|Majority of Gaud Saraswat Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}} [[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s, [[Karhade]]s, [[Chitpavan]]s, Aravathuvokkalu, Aravelu, Prathamasaki, Nandavarika, Nanda Vaidikas,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Marriage and Family in Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihUTAQAAIAAJ|page=27|author=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas|publisher=AMS Press|year=1978|isbn = 9780404159757|quote=The Nanda Vaidikas come from the Telugu country and include both Smarthas and Madhvas.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kannada Kamme, Uluchukamme.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Marriage and Family in Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihUTAQAAIAAJ|author=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas|publisher=AMS Press|year=1978|page=28|isbn = 9780404159757|quote=the Kannada Kamme and Ulcha Kamme are both Smartas and Madhvas : nearly all speak Kannada, a few Telugu also.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yQLAQAAIAAJ|page=157|publisher=Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1988| quote=The Madhwas are followers of the Dwaitha philosophy of Madhwacharya and have sub-sects like the Badaganadu, Aravelu, Aravathuvokkalu, Deshastha, etc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: South Kanara|author=B. N. Sri Sathyan|publisher=Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1973|page=109|quote=The groups usually styled as Tulu Brahmins are mainly the Shivalli Brahmins whose main centre is Udipi....The Tulu-speaking Brahmins of the present day are largely followers of Madhvacharya. only a small number remaining Smarthas}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ|page=199|publisher=Karnataka (India), Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press|year=1987|quote=Most of the Madhwas of the district speak Kannada at home. Among the Marathi speaking, a few are Chitpavans (or Kokanasthas ) and Karhades and most of them are Deshasthas.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''Maharashtra''' &amp; '''Madhya Pradesh''' {{mdash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s,{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=532}} [[Karhade Brahmin|Karhade]]s,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Understanding Our Fellow Pilgrims|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IXYAAAAMAAJ|page=65|author=Gregory Naik|publisher=Gujarat Sahitya Prakash|year=2000|quote=The Karhada Brahmins: The Brahmins lived in southern parts of modern Maharashtra, between Konkan and Desh, in a province, then called Karathak, comprising Satara, Sangli, and Kolhapur, with Karad as capital. Hence the name of Karhada Brahmins. Among them too there are Smartas and Madhvas or Bhagwats (Vaishnavites).|isbn=9788187886105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&amp;pg=PA113|page=113|publisher=Asian Educational Services|author=Syed Siraj ul Hassan|year=1989|isbn=9788120604889|quote=The Karhades are all Rigvedis of the Shakala Shaka, who respect the sutra, or aphorism, of Ashwalayana. They belong to both the Smartha, and the Vaishnava sects, and in religious and spiritual matters follow the guidance of Sri Shankaracharya, and Madhwacharya, respectively.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat]]s, [[Chitpavan]]s,{{efn|Mainly found in Satara, Pune, Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra and North Karnataka region of Karnataka}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Chitpavans: Social Ascendancy of a Creative Minority in Maharashtra, 1818–1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez4wAQAAIAAJ|author=Sandhya Gokhale|publisher=Shubhi Publications|year=2008|page=27|isbn = 9788182901322}}&lt;/ref&gt; Savase Brahmins{{efn|Sharma says Savase Brahmins are found in large numbers in the Satara, Valva, Tasgoan, Koregoan and Karad taluks of Satara district of Maharashtra and in parts of [[Dharwad district]] in Karnataka.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=542}}}} and Chitrakoot Madhvas.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=627}}<br /> *'''Tamil Nadu''' {{ndash}} [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]]), Aruvaththuvakkalu (migrants from [[Karnataka]]), [[Badaganadu Brahmins|Badaganadu]]s (migrants from [[Karnataka]]), Pennaththurar Brahmins,{{efn|Entire Pennaththurar Brahmins are followers of Madhvacharya}} Aruvela and Prathamasakis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC|author=Kumar Suresh Singh|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2044|quote=In Tamil Nadu, the Madhwa Brahmins are migrants from Karnataka. They have six sub-groups, they are Aruvela, Aruvanththuvakkalu, Badaganadu, Pennaththurar, Prathamasaki and Desastha and Badaga. They are concentrated in the Madras, Coimbatore, Coonoor and in Ooty.|isbn = 9780195633542}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''Andhra Pradesh''' &amp; '''Telangana''' {{ndash}} [[Golconda Vyapari]]s,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Social Change in Village India:An Andhra Case Study|author=Y. Subhashini Subrahmanyam|year=1975|publisher=Prithvi Raj Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=es4iAAAAMAAJ|page=71|quote=The Madhwas or Golconda Vyapari Brahmins follow the teachings of their Guru Madhwachari who preached Dvaita in contrast to Sankaracharya's Advaita which believes that the Jivatma (soul of the individual) and Paramatma (cosmic soul) ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Madhva]]s and Telugu Madhvas (Telugu Brahmins who converted to Madhva faith).{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=227}}<br /> *'''Bihar''' {{ndash}} In [[Bihar]], the whole [[Gayawal Brahmins]] are followers of Dvaita philosophy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrfCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA88|title=The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now|author=A. M. Shah|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|accessdate=6 December 2012|page=88|isbn=9781136197710}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Religion in India|author=T. N. Madan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1992|quote=A third religious leader who has had tremendous influence on the Gayawal is Madhavacharya who flourished during the twelfth century ad. The Gayawal caste as a whole is a follower of the Madhava Vaishnava sect, and, as we have noted earlier, the Madhva math is a living religious center that wields a powerful influence on Gayawal.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''Goa''' {{ndash}} [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswats]] – [[Bardez]] and [[Salcete]] regions are a stronghold of Madhwa Saraswats and are staunch devotees of [[Vishnu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A socio-cultural history of Goa from the Bhojas to the Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGBuAAAAMAAJ|author=Vithal Raghavendra Mitragotri|publisher=Institute Menezes Braganza|year=1999|page=105}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=601}}<br /> *'''Kerala''' {{mdash}} In [[Kerala]], the [[Tulu Brahmin]]s and the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]]s are followers Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Survey of Ancient India: Literary and cultural perspectives on ancient|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JyIwAQAAIAAJ|page=267|publisher=Anmol Publications|year=1999|author=Raj Kumar|isbn = 9788126101955}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=583}}<br /> *'''Gujarat''' {{ndash}} In [[Gujarat]] there is a section among Gujarati Brahmins who follow Madhvacharya.{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=541}}<br /> <br /> ==Society and culture==<br /> [[File:Samber Dosa Chutney.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Masala dosa with [[Sambar (dish)|Sambar]] and [[chutney]] in Udupi]]<br /> <br /> ===Language===<br /> Madhwa Brahmins are not a homogeneous community. Followers of [[Madhvacharya]] include Brahmins from multiple regions and are from various linguistic backgrounds. Madhwas who speak [[Kannada language|Kannada]], one of the major languages of the mainly southern [[Dravidian languages]] group, speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Bakhtin and Translation Studies: Theoretical Extensions and Connotations|page=83|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|author=Dr. Amith Kumar P.V.|quote=The Madhwa Brahmins speak a variety of Kannada that borders on a literary dialect. Their language is punctuated by Sanskrit shlokas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even in the non-Kannada states Madhwas speak Kannada in their homes but with outsiders they speak the native language of that state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Tamil Nadu, Part 2|page=854|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|author= R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan|quote=The Madhva speak Kannada, their mother tongue, in their homes but with outsiders they speak Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are all followers of Deshastha Mathas, which are spread in [[Maharashtra]] and throughout [[South India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CK0oAQAAIAAJ|title=Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, Volumes 8–9|publisher=Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois|page=199|year=1978|quote=The Desastha Madhwa brahmins in the South have traditionally been bilingual in Marathi and Kannada, Telugu or Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Tulu language|Tulu]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are followers of Tuluva Mathas. They are mainly concentrated in [[Tulunadu]] region of [[Karnataka]], in the coastal districts of [[Udupi]], [[Dakshina Kannada]] of present-day Karnataka state, and also in [[Kasargod]] and other parts of [[Kerala]] state. The [[Konkani language|Konkani]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmins|Gaud Saraswat Madhva Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Coastal Karnataka]], Goa, [[Maharashtra]] and [[Kerala]].{{Sfn|Hebbar|2005|p=152}} The [[Bihari language|Bihari]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] speaking Madhva Brahmins are [[Gayawal Brahmin]]s, who are spread throughout the [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] and [[Benares]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya|url=https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/sacredcomplexinh00vidy/page/n89 54]|author=Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1978}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Sharma|2000|p=476}}<br /> <br /> ===Occupations===<br /> The traditional occupation of Madhwa Brahmins is [[priesthood]], but they also engaged in occupations such as agriculture and the business. At present, the majority of them work in government and private sectors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=People of India: India's communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|page=2044|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn = 9788185579092|quote=The Madhwa Brahman are traditionally priests. In addition, they are engaged in agriculture and business. At present, most of them are in government and private services.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Tuluva Madhvas and [[Deshastha]] Madhvas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. The [[Gaud Saraswat]] Madhvas are a religiously self-contained community. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnvXAAAAMAAJ|page=123|author1=[[Vasudha Dalmia]]|author2=Angelika Malinar|author3=Martin Christof|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn = 9780195654530|quote=While the GSBs tend to be a religiously self-contained community, the Taulavas and Desasthas are more sought after for priestly services by other communities. There are numerous cultural difference between these three subdivisions.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Bihar]], [[Gayawal Brahmin]]s are traditionally priests. They are the priests in the famous [[Vishnupad Temple, Gaya]], who also hold a traditional monopoly over the performance of shraddha rituals on the Ghats of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Journal of Social Research, Volume 17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JuUKAAAAIAAJ|page=3|publisher=Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar|year=1974}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Diet===<br /> {{Main|Karnataka cuisine|Maharashtrian cuisine}}<br /> Madhwa Brahmins are pure vegetarian and their staple cereals are rice and wheat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=India's Communities, Volume 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9MVAQAAMAAJ|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|page=2045|isbn = 9780195633542|quote=They are pure vegetarian and the staple cereals are rice and wheat}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Udupi cuisine]] is a synonymous name to Madhwa cuisine. It is a major [[vegetarian cuisine]] of Karnataka, which includes a combination of cereals, pulses, vegetables and spices.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/secrets-from-the-udupi-kitchen/16166175 Secrets From The Udupi Kitchen]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Typical Madhwa cuisine consists of Saaru ([[Rasam (dish)|Rasam]]), Huli ([[Sambar (dish)|Sambar]]), Gojju and Anna (Rice).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiafoodnetwork.in/food-stories/a-peek-into-a-madhwa-brahmin-kitchen/|title=A Peek Into A Madhwa Brahmin Kitchen|date=10 October 2015|publisher=India Food Network}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gojju is generally a beloved dish to entire Madhwa community.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Curry Easy Vegetarian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lo2JBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=madhwa+brahmin+vegetarian&amp;pg=PT63|publisher=[[Random House|Penguin Random House]]|author=Madhur Jaffrey|year=2014|isbn = 9781473503458}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In sweets, Hayagreeva is a very common sweet dish made in most Madhwa Brahmin homes, made using Bengal gram with jaggery and coconut.<br /> &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/642915/sweets-karnataka-deserve-geographical-indication.html Sweets from Karnataka that deserve Geographical Indication (GI)]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Strict Madhva Brahmins avoid [[onion]], [[garlic]], [[lentil|red lentils]] (masoor), and even [[carrot]]s, [[radish]], [[Eggplant|brinjal]], [[Moringa oleifera|drumstick]], and a few other vegetables and spices. They usually only eat food (''prasāda'') that is offered (''naivedya'') to one of the Vishnu deities, and fast on Vaishnava Ekadashi days (twice a month) without taking any food or water. Fruits and milk are usually allowed on Ekadashi days.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Social and political issues==<br /> In 2017 the [[government of Karnataka]] introduced ''The Karnataka Prevention and Eradication of Inhuman Evil Practices and Black Magic Bill, 2017'' in the assembly, which planned to ban all superstition practices considered black magic that promoted &quot;social evils&quot; and the persecution of skeptics. After much debate, Madhwa practices were exempted. In this practice, [[mudras]] usually made of gold or copper are heated in the [[yajna]] fire and stamped on the body.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Karnataka Takes Stand Against Superstition, Bans All Evil Practices Including Black Magic|date=17 November 2017|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/karnataka-takes-stand-against-superstition-bans-all-evil-practices-including-black-magic-333871.html|publisher=Indiatimes|accessdate=17 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable people==<br /> *[[Vyasatirtha]] – a [[Dvaita]] saint and Rajaguru of [[Krishnadevaraya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Society, Volumes 25–26|publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society|year=1960|page=175|quote=Krishnadevaraya of Tuluva Dynasty honoured the famous Madhwa Brahmin Poet Vyasatheertha}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vadiraja Tirtha]] – a [[Dvaita]] philosopher, [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] composer and mystic. He was pontiff of [[Sodhe]] mutt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=A. K. Ramanujan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnVkAAAAMAAJ|title=Poems and a Novella|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780195674989|page=193|quote=Saint Vadiraja: Belonged to the sect of the Madhva Brahmins of Udipi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Purandara Dasa]] (1484–1564) was a [[Haridasa]], who is widely referred to as the ''Pitamaha'' (''lit'', &quot;father&quot; or the &quot;grandfather&quot;) of [[Carnatic Music]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Purandaradāsa|title=Sree Puranḍara gānāmrutham: text with notation|author2=A. S. Panchapakesa Iyer|publisher=Gānāmrutha Prachuram|year=1992|quote=Shri Purandara dasa who is considered to be the aadhiguru and Sangeeta Pitamaha of carnatic music was born in purandaragad in Ballary District near the town of Hampi, to a millionaire Varadappa Nayak and Kamalambal, a devoted wife and great lady, belonging to Madhva Desastha Brahmin race, by the blessings of Tirupati Venkatachalapathi in the year 1484.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Raghavendra Tirtha]], (Guru Rayaru) was a Hindu scholar, theologian and saint. He has authored many works related to Dwaita Vedanta and written commentary on many Indian philosophies. Raghavendra Tirtharu entered Brindavana alive in 1671 in [[Mantralayam]], a village on the bank of river [[Tungabhadra]]. <br /> * [[Pacchimiriam Adiyappa]], an 18th-century famous court musician at the [[Thanjavur Maratha Palace|palace]] of [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 101, Issues 35–46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GwgDhPW1670C|page=7|publisher=Bennett, Coleman &amp; Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press|year=1980|quote=, it has been mentioned that Pachimiriyam Adiayyappaiah was a Karnataka Brahmin of the Madhva Sect.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Dewan]] [[Purnaiah]] (1746–1812) – the [[Dewan]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Kingdom]] under three rulers [[Hyder Ali]], [[Tipu Sultan]] and [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyar]]. He is also founder of [[Yelandur estate]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/135632/F |title=Statesman and a survivor|work=Deccab Herald |date=7 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Satyadharma Tirtha]] (1743–1830) – a scholar, saint and mystic of [[Dvaita|Dvaita order of Vedanta]]; 28th pontiff of [[Uttaradi Matha]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Rajaram N S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGiDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT447|title=The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India|date=12 January 2019|publisher=Prism Books Private Limited|isbn=9789388478113|page=447|accessdate=12 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Bhima Bhattar|K. Lakshminarayana Bhattar]] (1904-1985) popularly known as Bhima Bhattar, was an Indian businessman and founder of [[Bhima Jewellers]].<br /> *[[R. Ranga Rao (administrator)|R. Ranga Rao]] was an Indian administrator and statesman who served as Diwan of Travancore 1837 to 1838.<br /> *[[R. Venkata Rao]] was an Indian administrator and statesman who served as Diwan of Travancore 1821–1829 and 1838–39. <br /> *[[T. Madhava Rao]] also known as Sir Madhava Rao Thanjavurkar or simply as Madhavarao Tanjorkar, was an Indian statesman, civil servant, administrator and politician who served as the Diwan of Travancore from 1857 to 1872, Indore from 1873 to 1875 and Baroda from 1875 to 1882.<br /> *[[R. Raghunatha Rao]] was an Indian civil servant, administrator, politician and Indian independence activist who served as the Diwan of Indore from 1875 to 1880, and again from 1886 to 1888. <br /> *[[T. Rama Rao (administrator)]] was an Indian administrator who served as the Diwan of Travancore (now part of Kerala State) from 1887 to 1892.<br /> *[[Kanchi Krishnaswamy Rao]] (1845–1923) - [[Diwan of Travancore]] from 1898 to 1904.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WJ_swEACAAJ|title=The Indian Biographical Dictionary, 1915 (Classic Reprint)|page=238|chapter=C. Hayavandana Rao|date=24 February 2018|publisher=Fb&amp;c Limited|isbn=9780666284051|accessdate=24 February 2018|quote=(page 238) Krishnaswami Rao Kanchi, Dewan Bahadur, (1895), C.I.E, (1898), Dewan of Travsncore (retired), belongs to respectable Madhwa Deshastha Brahmin family; of late Mr. Kanchi Venkat Rao; b. 1845.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[P. N. Krishnamurti]] (1849–1911) – Dewan of [[Mysore state]] and 5th Jagirdar of [[Yelandur estate]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 73|publisher=The Society|year=1982|page=124|quote=P.N.Krishnamurthi Mysorean and Madhwa Brahmin was a Dewan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[V. P. Madhava Rao]] (10 February 1850 – 1934) was an Indian administrator and statesman who served as the Dewan of Travancore from 1904 to 1906, then as the 17th Dewan of Mysore from 1906 to 1909, and that of Baroda from 1910 to 1913.<br /> *[[T. Ananda Rao]] (15 May 1852 – 19 July 1919) was an Indian administrator and statesman who served as the 18th Dewan of Mysore from 1909 to 1912.<br /> *[[Veene Sheshanna]] (1852–1926) – an exponent of the [[Veena]], an Indian string instrument, which he played in the classical [[Carnatic music]] style. He was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=P.N. Sundaresan|title=Sruti, Issues 112–113|year=1994|page=9|quote=Born in 1852 in a Madhwa brahmin family, Seshanna was the son of Veena- Bakshi Chikkaramappa, a vidwan in Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar's court and a descendant of Pachimiriam Adiappaiah, the creator of the immortal Bhairavi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Conjeevaram Hayavadana Rao]] (1865–1946) – an Indian historian, [[museologist]], [[anthropologist]], economist and [[polyglot]]. He was a member of the [[Royal Anthropological Institute]], Indian Historical Records Commission and a fellow of the Royal Society of Economics.&lt;ref name=&quot;mythicsocietyp94&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=The quarterly journal of the Mythic society (Bangalore)|page=94|volume=56|publisher=Mythic Society|year=1966}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Google books|uR4IAQAAIAAJ|Life Sketch of Rajacharitha Visharada Rao Bahadur C.Hayavadana Rao}} at page 94; Quote – &quot;Rao Bahadur C.Hayavadana Rao was born on Tenth of July 1865 at Hosur, Krishnagiri talk in a Madhwa Deshastha Family.His father was C.Raja Rao&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Navaratna Rama Rao]] (1877–1960) – an Indian writer and scholar from Karnataka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Rajaram N S|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGiDDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT18|title=The Vanished Raj A Memoir of Princely India|date=12 January 2019|publisher=Prism Books Private Limited|isbn=9789388478113|page=18|accessdate=12 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Aluru Venkata Rao]] (1880–1964) - an Indian revolutionary, historian, writer and journalist.&lt;ref name=&quot;datta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&amp;pg=145|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|publisher=Sahithya Akademi|year=1987|isbn=9788126018031|page=145|quote=Born in an orthodox Madhwa Brahmin household, he graduated in Philosophy hons}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Palladam Sanjiva Rao]] (1882–1962) - an Indian flautist and carnatic musician.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Vuppuluri Lakshminarayana Sastri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2o_AQAAMAAJ|title=Encyclopaedia of the Madras Presidency and the Adjacent States|publisher=Oriental Enclyclopaedic Publishing Company|year=1920|page=610|quote=Mr. Sanjeevi Rao is the youngest of the three sons, born in 1883, of his father Venkobachariar of Palladam, Coimbatore District, belonging to a respected orthodox Madhwa Brahmin family}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[P. B. Gajendragadkar]] was the 7th Chief Justice of India, serving from February 1964 to March 1966.<br /> * [[V. K. R. Varadaraja Rao]] (1908–1991) – Indian economist, politician and educator.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Vijendra Kasturi Ranga Varadaraja Rao|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BdK6AAAAIAAJ|title=The Partial Memoirs of V.K.R.V. Rao|author2=S. L. Rao|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780195658231|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Dr. [[B. N. K. Sharma]] (1909–2005) was a Sanskrit Scholar (M.A., PhD, D.Litt) who was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1963 for his book (in English) – The History of Dvaita School of Vedanta and its Literature. He also wrote a commentary on the Brahmasutras in 3 volumes. He was awarded the President's award for Sanskrit Scholars in 1992.<br /> * [[T. R. Ramachandran]] (1917–1990) - a Tamil actor and comedian who acted in lead and supportive roles from 1940s to the 1960s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=28 May 2015|title=Man with saucer eyes|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/man-with-saucer-eyes/article7255341.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar]] (1911–1996) – a celebrated artist known for his India themed artworks; Winner of [[Padma Shri]] and [[Padma Bhushan]] awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Absorption of Hydrocarbon Gases by Non-aqueous Liquids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq1mAAAAMAAJ|author=Alonzo Simpson McDaniel|publisher=University of Wisconsin—Madison|year=1990|page=124|quote=Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar was born on 15 June 1912 at Kattingeri, a village in Udupi Taluk of Dakshina Kannada District of coastal Karnataka, in a middle-class Kannada- speaking, Madhwa, Shivalli Brahman family.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Bhimsen Joshi]] (1922–2011) – an Indian singer from Karnataka in the [[Hindustani classical]] tradition and [[Bharat Ratna]] and [[Padma Shri]] awardee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Dharwad Gharana: Hindustani music's southern home|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dharwad-gharana-hindustani-musics-southern-home-34850|publisher=THE NEWS MINUTE|quote=A name that stands tall is that of Pandit Bhimsen Joshi born to a Madhwa Brahmin family of scholars in Gadag, Bhimsen took his training under the great Pt Rambhau Kundgolkar, popular as ‘Sawai Gandharva’.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao]] (1922–2013) – an Indian [[archeologist|archaeologist]] who led teams credited with the discovery of a number of [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] sites including the port city [[Lothal]] and [[Bet Dwarka]] in Gujarat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Baiderbettu Upendra Nayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ApuAAAAMAAJ|title=New trends in Indian art and archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th birthday felicitation volume, Volume 1|author2=N. C. Ghosh|author3=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1992|isbn=9788185689135|page=xxi|quote=Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao (S. R. Rao) was born on 1st July, 1920 at Anandapuram in Sagar taluk of [[Shimoga district]] in the erstwhile Mysore (now Karnataka) state. His father Shikaripur Hucha Rao, a Madhwa Brahmin, was well educated up to the first year in Arts and wanted to practise Law.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] (1950–2009) – an Indian film actor predominantly in Kannada cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Vishnuvardhan: The silent superstar|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-vishnuvardhan-passed-away/20091230.htm|publisher=Rediff News|date=30 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[C. K. Prahalad]] (1941–2010) is an Indian-American entrepreneur and author. Internationally renowned &quot;Management Guru&quot; and one of the world's most influential business thinkers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://michiganross.umich.edu/faculty-research/institutes-centers-initiatives/india-initiatives/ck-prahalad-initiative/bio | title=C.K. Prahalad Bio }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[U. R. Ananthamurthy]] (1932–2014) – a contemporary writer and critic in the [[Kannada language]];Winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Padma Bhushan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-mind-and-metaphors-of-ur-ananthamurthy/article6367252.ece The mind and metaphors of U.R. Ananthamurthy – The Hindu]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Udupi Ramachandra Rao]] (10 March 1932 – 24 July 2017) was an Indian space scientist and former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation. He is known as &quot;The Satellite Man of India&quot;. He pioneered India's first satellite launch Aryabhata in 1975.<br /> *[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] (1933–2018) – a leading Telugu actress of the 1960s and 1980s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Changing roles with the years|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/book-on-telugu-actor-krishna-kumari/article8660318.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=28 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath Hathwara]] (1951–2018) – an Indian actor and filmmaker who primarily worked in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] films.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kashinath-laid-rest-shivaraj-kumar-darshan-entire-sandalwood-bids-tearful-adieu-757478 Kashinath laid to rest: Shivaraj Kumar, Darshan and entire Sandalwood bids tearful adieu]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Sakha Rama Rao]] – an Indian musician credited with having re-introduced the south Indian [[chitravina]] (or &quot;gotuvadyam&quot;) to the concert scene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras, Volume 58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4XjAAAAMAAJ|page=110|publisher=Music Academy|year=1987|quote=Sakharam Rao was born at Madhyarjunam (Tiruvidaimarudur) in the Tanjore District. He was the eldest son of Gottu Vadya Srinivasa Rao, a famous player of the preceding generation from whom he learnt the art. He was a Madhva Desastha Brahmin and a Rigvedi.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[P. V. R. K. Prasad]] (22 August 1941 – 21 August 2017), was an Indian civil servant who served as Media Advisor to the Prime Minister of India, P. V. Narasimha Rao from 1991 to 1996. Prasad is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer belonging to 1966 batch of Andhra Pradesh cadre.<br /> *[[Vishwesha Tirtha]] (1931–2019) was an Indian Hindu guru, saint and presiding swamiji of the Sri Pejavara Adokshaja Matha, one of the Ashta Mathas belonging to the Dvaita school of philosophy founded by Sri Madhvacharya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.pejavara.org/aboutus.htm |title=Sri Pejavara Adhokshaja Matha |website=www.pejavara.org |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726121416/http://www.pejavara.org/aboutus.htm |archive-date=26 July 2009 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[B.V. Acharya]] (born 20 December 1933) is a senior advocate before the Karnataka High court and former Advocate General of Karnataka. <br /> *[[Bannanje Govindacharya]] (1936–2020) was an Indian philosopher and Sanskrit scholar versed in Veda Bhashya, Upanishad Bhashya, Mahabharata, Puranas and Ramayana. Padma Shri Awardee (2009).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=mha.nic.in |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[N. Vittal]] (1938 – 2023) was an Indian civil servant who held a number of senior positions in the Government of India, most prominently that of central vigilance commissioner.<br /> *[[V. S. Acharya]] (1940 - 2012) was an Indian politician who served as the Home Minister &amp; Higher Education Minister in the Government of Karnataka from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br /> *[[Dwarakish]] (1942 – 2024) was an Indian actor, comedian, director and producer who predominantly worked in Kannada cinema in addition to few Tamil, Telugu and Hindi films.<br /> *[[M. N. Venkatachaliah]] was the 25th [[Chief Justice of India]]. He served as Chief Justice from 1993 to 1994. <br /> *[[N. R. Narayana Murthy]] (born 21 August 1946) is the founder of [[Infosys]], and has been the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor of the company.<br /> *[[Prahlada (scientist)|Prahlada Rama Rao]] is a defense scientist who served as former director of the [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] (DRDL) and as the youngest project director for the [[Akash (missile)]] systems.<br /> *[[Kodaganur S. Gopinath]] is an Indian surgical oncologist.<br /> *[[Sudha Murthy]] (born 19 August 1951) is an Indian educator, author<br /> *[[Vidyabhushana]] (born 10 July 1952) is a vocalist from Karnataka. He sings devotional songs, chiefly [[Haridasas and Carnatic music|Haridasa]] compositions and [[carnatic music|carnatic classical music]].<br /> *[[Shrinivas Kulkarni]] (born 4 October 1956) is a professor of [[astronomy]] and [[planetary science]] at [[California Institute of Technology]].<br /> *[[Pralhad Joshi]] (born 27 November 1962) is an Indian politician who is the current Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution &amp; New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<br /> *[[Jerry Rao]] is an Indian businessman and entrepreneur. He is the founder and former CEO of the software company Mphasis. <br /> *[[Bhaskar Rao]] is an Indian politician and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer who served as the Commissioner of Police for both Belagavi and Bengaluru City.<br /> *[[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]] (born 18 September 1969) is an Indian filmmaker, actor and politician known for his work in Kannada cinema.<br /> *[[Sunil Joshi]] (born 6 June 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and an ex-member of the national selection panel of the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI).<br /> *[[Vijay Bharadwaj]] (born 15 August 1975) is a former [[Indian cricketer]] &amp; cricket coach. He was a key architect of [[Karnataka]]'s three [[Ranji Trophy]] triumphs in the 1990s.<br /> *[[Abhinav Mukund]] is an Indian cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Tamil Nadu. He has played for India in seven Test matches.<br /> *[[Mysore Vasudevachar]] was an Indian musician and composer of Carnatic music compositions who belonged to the direct line of Thyagaraja's disciples.&lt;ref&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_Vasudevachar&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Society}}<br /> * [[Forward Castes]]<br /> * [[Dvaita Vedanta]]<br /> * [[Madhva Vaishnavas]]<br /> * [[Sadh Vaishnavism]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist|30em}}<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite book|title = A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition|first = B. N. Krishnamurti| last = Sharma| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint) |isbn = 978-8120815759| year= 2000 }}<br /> *{{cite book|title= The Sri-Krsna Temple at Udupi: The History and Spiritual Center of the Madhvite Sect of Hinduism|url=https://archive.org/details/SriKrsnaTempleAtUdupi|first=B.N|last=Hebbar|publisher=Bharatiya Granth Nikethan|year=2005|isbn=81-89211-04-8}}<br /> <br /> {{Madhva Religious Figures}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Madhva Brahmins}}<br /> [[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]<br /> [[Category:Brahmin communities]]<br /> [[Category:Brahmin communities of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Brahmin communities of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Brahmin communities of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Brahmin communities of Bihar]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_54_(India,_old_numbering)&diff=477886 2025-10-17T06:31:34Z

<p>AarohamResort: new new pg.</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[National Highway 306 (India)]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R with history}}<br /> }}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Packt&diff=523591 2025-10-09T09:46:55Z

<p>AarohamResort: put up new info added tags...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Publishing company}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=February 2014}}<br /> {{multiple issues|<br /> {{Primary sources|date=August 2008}}<br /> {{advert|date=August 2017}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox publisher<br /> | name = Packt Publishing Ltd<br /> | image = Packt Logo.png<br /> | parent = <br /> | status = <br /> | founded = 2004<br /> | founder =David Maclean, [[Rachel Maclean (politician)|Rachel Maclean]] <br /> | successor = <br /> | country = United Kingdom<br /> | headquarters = [[Birmingham]]<br /> | distribution = <br /> | keypeople = <br /> | publications = [[Book]]s<br /> | topics = Technology<br /> | genre = <br /> | imprints = <br /> | revenue =£18.4m (2018) <br /> | numemployees = <br /> | nasdaq = <br /> | url = {{URL|http://www.packtpub.com}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Packt''' is a publishing company founded in 2004 and headquartered in [[Birmingham|Birmingham, UK]], with offices in [[Mumbai|Mumbai, India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=PACKT PUBLISHING LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House) |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/04759694 |access-date=2020-02-04 |website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.packtpub.com/books/info/packt/careers-with-packt/mumbai|title=Our Mumbai Office - PACKT Books|website=www.packtpub.com|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064054/https://www.packtpub.com/books/info/packt/careers-with-packt/mumbai|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Our Birmingham Office - PACKT Books |url=https://www.packtpub.com/books/info/packt/careers-with-packt/birmingham |website=www.packtpub.com |access-date=23 January 2016 |archive-date=1 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801064050/https://www.packtpub.com/books/info/packt/careers-with-packt/birmingham |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Packt primarily publishes print and electronic books and videos relating to information technology, including [[Programming language|programming]], [[web design]], [[data analysis]], and [[Hardware random number generator|hardware]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Founded in 2003&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; by David and [[Rachel Maclean (politician)|Rachel Maclean]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rachel Maclean: Tory who suggested Brits work longer had high-flying bank and business career |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/rachel-maclean-tory-who-suggested-26976095 |website=Mirror |date=16 May 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Packt Publishing provides books, eBooks, video tutorials, and articles for software engineers, web developers, system administrators, and users. The company states that it supports and publishes books on smaller projects and subjects that standard publishing companies cannot make profitable. The company's business model, which involves print-on-demand publishing and selling direct, enables it to make money selling books with lower unit sales. This business model aims to give authors high royalty rates and the opportunity to write on topics that standard publishers tend to avoid.{{Cn|date=February 2023}}<br /> <br /> In 2018, Packt's revenue reached 18.4 million pounds, a 28% increase over the previous year, attributed to increased market share over the period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/04759694/filing-history|title=PACKT PUBLISHING LIMITED - Filing history (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, Packt stated it had published 6,500&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.packtpub.com/|title=Packt {{!}} Programming Books, eBooks &amp; Videos for Developers|website=www.packtpub.com|access-date=2020-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; books over its 16 years of operation.<br /> <br /> ==Books==<br /> Packt offers printed version of their books shipped to [[Europe]], [[North America]] and selected Asian countries. In addition, they offer PDF versions of all of their books for download and in August 2010 began offering them in ePub and Mobi format. These eBooks were made free from [[digital rights management]] in March 2009.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.craiggunderson.com/blog2/?p=121 Packt Publishing removes DRM from their eBooks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317135103/http://www.craiggunderson.com/blog2/?p=121 |date=2009-03-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Packt books are also available via the [[Perlego]] platform, while some (but not all) are accessible on the [[Safari Books Online]] system.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Safari to make Packt titles available online |publisher=Information today |date=June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.perlego.com|title=Perlego|website=www.perlego.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Packt Enterprise and Packt Open Source==<br /> In April 2010, Packt launched two new brands, Packt Enterprise and Packt Open Source,&lt;ref name=&quot;packtlaunched&quot;&gt;[http://www.packtpub.com/blog/packt-enterprise-and-packt-open-source-have-launched Packt Enterprise and Packt Open Source Have Launched] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430101539/http://www.packtpub.com/blog/packt-enterprise-and-packt-open-source-have-launched |date=2010-04-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; with the release of [[Microsoft Silverlight]] 4 Data and Services Cookbook and Moodle 1.9 Theme Design.&lt;ref name=&quot;packtlaunched&quot;/&gt; Packt Enterprise focuses on technologies produced by businesses for use in other corporations, while Packt Open Source focuses on technologies built around [[open source licence]]s.<br /> <br /> These two brands do not encompass all of Packt's books, and it will continue to publish into areas which are not necessarily classifiable as [[open source]] or enterprise&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.packtpub.com/blog/what-about-other-packt-books What About Other Packt Books?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426033049/http://www.packtpub.com/blog/what-about-other-packt-books |date=2010-04-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Open source project royalties==<br /> Packt supports and promotes [[open source]] projects and concepts. When a book written on an open source project is sold, Packt pays a royalty directly to that project. This scheme has resulted in the company providing sustainable revenues to many of the open source projects since 2004.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Packt Publishing Open Source CMS Award 2006: Vote Textpattern!&quot;, http://txpmag.com/article/packt-publishing-open-source-cms-award-2006-vote-textpattern, TXP Magazine, August 2006&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2011, following its 'Believe in Open Source campaign' Packt announced that its donations to Open Source projects have surpassed the $300,000 mark.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Packt Publishing Believes in Open Source, Donates Over $300K to Projects&quot;, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110310054825/http://www.linuxtoday.com/infrastructure/2011030900335OSBZCY]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|http://www.packtpub.com}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Publishing companies established in 2003]]<br /> [[Category:British companies established in 2003]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Birmingham, West Midlands]]<br /> [[Category:Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:Computer book publishing companies]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_the_Political_Parameters_and_Guiding_Principles_for_the_Settlement_of_the_India%E2%80%93China_Boundary_Question,_2005&diff=476695 2025-09-28T01:57:13Z

<p>AarohamResort: new a stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2005 agreement between China and India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox treaty<br /> |name = Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India–China Boundary Question<br /> |long_name = Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India–China Boundary Question<br /> |image = China India CIA map border disputes.jpg<br /> |caption = The China–India border, showing two large disputed areas in [[Aksai Chin]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and several smaller disputes (a map by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]])<br /> |type = Political settlement of the boundary question<br /> |context = [[Sino-Indian border dispute|India China boundary question]]<br /> |date_signed = {{Start date|2005|04|11|df=y}}<br /> |location_signed=New Delhi<br /> |condition_effective = [[Ratification]] by China and India<br /> |parties =<br /> *{{flagicon|China}} [[China]]<br /> *{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]<br /> |languages =<br /> * [[Chinese language|Chinese]]<br /> * [[English language|English]]<br /> * [[Hindi]]<br /> |citations = [https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6534/Agreement+between+the+Government+of+the+Republic+of+India+and+the+Government+of+the+Peoples+Republic+of+China+on+the+Political+Parameters+and+Guiding+Principles+for+the+Settlement+of+the+IndiaChina+Boundary+Question Agreement]<br /> }}<br /> The '''Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India–China Boundary Question''' is an agreement between India and China signed on 11 April 2005. The agreement is a direct outcome of the [[Special Representative mechanism on the India–China boundary question|Special Representative (SR) mechanism]] that had been set up through a 2003 agreement.{{sfn|Deepak|2020|p=66}}<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> The 1993, 1996 and 2005 agreements deal with military confidence building measures. However these agreements did not sufficiently cover the political aspect of the boundary settlement. Accordingly, in a 2003 agreement, &quot;Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation&quot;, the Special Representative mechanism had been set up. The SRs would &quot;explore from the political perspective of the overall bilateral relationship the framework of a boundary settlement&quot;. The first five meetings of the SRs resulted in the signing of the 2005 agreement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |date=4 September 2018 |title=Twenty Second Report of the Committee on External Affairs (2017–18) on the subject Sino-India Relations including Doklam, border situation and cooperation in international organizations |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/779992/1/16_External_Affairs_22.pdf |publisher=[[16th Lok Sabha]] |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116093845/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/779992/1/16_External_Affairs_22.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2021 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Summary ==<br /> # The resolution and final solution of the boundary question will promote positive relations between India and China, &quot;in accordance with the [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence]]&quot; and &quot;principle of mutual and equal security&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=11 April 2005 |title=Agreement between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary Question |url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6534/Agreement+between+the+Government+of+the+Republic+of+India+and+the+Government+of+the+Peoples+Republic+of+China+on+the+Political+Parameters+and+Guiding+Principles+for+the+Settlement+of+the+IndiaChina+Boundary+Question |website=mea.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |access-date=2021-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108202929/http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6534/Agreement+between+the+Government+of+the+Republic+of+India+and+the+Government+of+the+Peoples+Republic+of+China+on+the+Political+Parameters+and+Guiding+Principles+for+the+Settlement+of+the+IndiaChina+Boundary+Question |archive-date=2017-01-08 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # In attainment of the solution the two sides will consider &quot;historical evidence, national sentiments, practical difficulties and reasonable concerns and sensitivities of both sides, and the actual state of border areas&quot;; the boundary should be along &quot;well-defined geographical features&quot;; interests of &quot;settled populations in the border areas&quot; to be considered; and delineation of the boundary to be done through modern and joint means.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA&quot; /&gt;<br /> # Pending final solution, all dispute resolution mechanism bodies will continue to function as per their objectives.&lt;ref name=&quot;MEA&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Impact ==<br /> Article 3 of the agreement mentions &quot;package settlement&quot;. A version of this had been put on the table informally by China as early as 1981; a package settlement as opposed to a sector by sector deal.{{sfn|Sali|1998|p=104}} The 2005 agreement had a direct effect on the claims aired in the package settlement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Katoch&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Katoch |first=P.C. |date=4 January 2020|title=India–China Boundary Talks|url=http://www.spsmai.com/experts-speak/?id=789&amp;q=India-China-Boundary-Talks |magazine=SP's MAI |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118205628/http://www.spsmai.com/experts-speak/?id=789&amp;q=India-China-Boundary-Talks |archive-date=2020-01-18 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Article VII, that &quot;the two sides shall safeguard due interests of their settled populations in the border areas&quot;, resulted in China pushing the development of such &quot;settled populations&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Katoch&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Tree list}}<br /> * India–China border agreements<br /> ** 1988: [[India–China Joint Working Group on the boundary question]]<br /> ** Confidence building measures<br /> *** 1993: [[Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993|Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement]]<br /> *** 1996: Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures<br /> *** 2005: Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures<br /> ** Political measures<br /> *** 2003: Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation<br /> *** 2005: Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India–China Boundary Question<br /> ** 2012: Agreement on the Establishment of a [[Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India–China Border Affairs]]<br /> ** 2013: [[Border Defence Cooperation Agreement]]<br /> ** 2020: 5 point statement<br /> {{Tree list/end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> {{wikisourcelang|zh|中华人民共和国政府和印度共和国政府关于解决中印边界问题政治指导原则的协定}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Deepak |first=B. R. |author-link=B. R. Deepak |year=2020 |title=India and China: Beyond the Binary of Friendship and Enmity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fsOEAAAQBAJ |location=Singapore |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-15-9500-4}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Sali |first=M. L. |year=1998 |title=India–China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC |location=New Delhi |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |isbn=81-7024-964-3}}<br /> {{China–India relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2000s in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:2005 in China]]<br /> [[Category:2005 in Indian politics]]<br /> [[Category:April 2005 in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:21st century in New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Sino-Indian border dispute]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties concluded in 2005]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of India]]<br /> [[Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iqbal_Mohammad_Khan&diff=504654 2025-09-15T07:54:23Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting basic entry more to come</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Nawab of Palanpur}}<br /> '''Iqbal Mohammad Khan''' was the [[Nawab]] of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1957 until his death in 2010.<br /> <br /> == Early life and family ==<br /> He was born on 8 June 1917 to [[Taley Mohammad Khan]] and his wife Sukhan Bai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97056 |title=Memoranda On The Indian States 1939 |date=1939 |pages=304}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_s_who_in_India/eoNmAAAAMAAJ |title=Who's who in India |date=1986 |publisher=Business Press Private Limited |pages=245 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He married Maqbul Jehan and had two sons and one daughter, namely Muzaffar Muhammed Khan, Yusuf Khan, and Rafat Begum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> He served as president of the State Cabinet of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] from 1945 to 1948 and of the Tagore Education Society of [[Bombay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reign ==<br /> Upon the death of his father, he ascended the throne of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]] on 20 May 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; His succession to the title, rank, and dignity of his deceased father was accordingly recognised by the [[Government of India]], but on 6 September 1970, the [[President of India]], exercising the powers vested in him under Article 366(22) of the [[Constitution of India]], derecognized him as the ruler of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Directorate of Printing |first=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1970.546 |title=Gazette of India, 1970, No. 546 |date=1970-09-19 |pages=3310–3323}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Later life ==<br /> He served as [[Director (business)|director]] of Rohit Pulp and Paper Mills Ltd, Bombay Mercantile Co operative Bank Limited, and Maktaba Jamia Ltd, and as [[President (corporate title)|president]] of Bombay City Urdu Education Society, Bharatiya Natya Sangh, and [[International Theatre Institute|Institut International du Théâtre]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> He died on 6 September 2010 and was succeeded by Muzaffar Muhammed Khan to his titles, rank and dignity.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=PALANPUR |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628165802/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/palanpur.html |archive-date=2017-06-28 |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Titles, styles, and honours ==<br /> <br /> === Titles and styles ===<br /> Iqbal held many titles throughout his life which are as below:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica_Princely_States_in/I_cvAQAAIAAJ? |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Princely States in colonial India |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=76 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 8 June 1917 — 28 September 1918: [[Sahibzada]] [[Shri]] Iqbal Mohammad Khan.<br /> * 28 September 1918 — 20 May 1957: [[Nawabzada]] [[Shri]] Iqbal Mohammad Khan [[Baghatur|Bahadur]], [[Wali al-Ahd|Wali-ahad]] [[Sahib]]<br /> * 20 May 1957 — 6 September 2010: [[His Highness]] Zubdat-ul-Mulk [[Shri]] [[Dewan|Diwan]] Mahakhan [[Nawab]] Iqbal Mohammad Khan [[Baghatur|Bahadur]], [[Nawab]] of [[Palanpur State|Palanpur]]<br /> <br /> === Military ranks ===<br /> He held the honorary rank of [[Commander]] in the [[Indian Navy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=[Great Britain] Ministry of Defence |url=http://archive.org/details/navylist1972spring |title=The Navy List [Great Britain] 1972 Spring (March) |date=1972 |pages=250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Honours ===<br /> He was appointed honorary [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[President of India]] on 13 May 1967.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Directorate of Printing |first=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1967.301 |title=Gazette of India, 1967, No. 301 |date=1967-09-23 |pages=1456}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> [[Category:1917 births]]<br /> [[Category:2010 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Nawabs of India]]<br /> [[Category:Indian royalty]]<br /> [[Category:People from British India]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gujarat]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hello_Kaun%3F_Pehchaan_Kaun!&diff=502516 2025-09-09T09:33:13Z

<p>AarohamResort: starting initial post and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = PehchaanKaun.png<br /> | caption = Promotional image<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | network = [[STAR One]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2008|12|27}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2009|4|5}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Hello Kaun? Pehchaan Kaun!''''' ({{Translation|''Hello, Who Is It? You Guess!''}}) is an Indian game show where the contestants impersonate a famous celebrity. The show aired on [[STAR One]] from 27 December 2008 to 5 April 2009.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> The show is hosted by well-known impersonator [[Navin Prabhakar]], who first shot to fame from his celebrated appearances in the show ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]'' (season one).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Reality show contestants now turn anchors |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/Reality-show-contestants-now-turn-anchors/404195/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130426161211/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/Reality-show-contestants-now-turn-anchors/404195/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2013 |publisher=Indian Express |date=29 Dec 2008 |accessdate=2 March 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Prabhakar mimics different celebrities in different episodes. He has mimicked well-known actors [[Jeetendra]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Johnny Walker (actor)|Johnny Walker]], [[Kamal Hasan]], [[Sunil Dutt]], and several others. His own performance is inarguably one of the best mimicries in the entire show. The show is innovative as the first a mimicry contest on Indian TV.<br /> <br /> The show is judged by Chunky Pandey and Suresh Menon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Looking out for copycats |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/05/stories/2009010550190400.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411021855/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/05/stories/2009010550190400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |date=5 Jan 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The name of the show is a take on the catchphrase ''Pehchan Kaun'' (translation: ''Guess Who?'') first popularized by [[Navin Prabhakar]] in his appearances in ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''. After several dialogues of ''[[Sholay]]'' entered into the psyche and mannerisms of Indians, this is perhaps the first catchphrase to do so.<br /> <br /> == Contestants ==<br /> * '''Rooesh Mirkap''' as Hrithik Roshan<br /> * '''Vishal Gaba''' as Himmesh Reshammia<br /> * '''Sumedh''' as Aamir Khan<br /> * '''Rameshwar Mahajan''' as Johnny Lever<br /> * '''Raja Sagoo''' as Salman Khan<br /> * '''Sanjay Keni''' as Arshad Warsi<br /> * '''Mukesh Patel''' as Dhoni<br /> * '''Deepak Kumar''' as Ritesh Deshmukh<br /> * '''KT''' as Ajay Devgan<br /> * '''Abhin Sinha''' as Akshaye Khanna<br /> * '''Sandeep''' as Jim Carrey<br /> * '''Rajkumar Prashad''' as Baba Ramdev<br /> * '''Rajat Bhaghat''' as Salmaan khan<br /> * '''Siraj Khan''' as Laloo Yadav &amp; Nana Patekar<br /> <br /> == Hosts ==<br /> <br /> * [[Navin Prabhakar]]<br /> * [[Aishwarya Sakhuja]]<br /> <br /> == Judges ==<br /> <br /> * [[Chunky Pandey]]<br /> * [[Suresh Menon]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * ''[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090218191920/http://pehchaankaun.indya.com/ The Hunt for India's Best mimic]<br /> {{STAR One Programmes}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]<br /> [[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Star One (Indian TV channel) original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Indian reality television series]]<br /> [[Category:2009 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Amitabh Bachchan]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-tv-prog-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subansiri_River&diff=455241 2025-08-30T03:46:07Z

<p>AarohamResort: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox river<br /> | name = Subansiri<br /> | source1_elevation = <br /> | discharge1_location = <br /> | discharge1_min = <br /> | discharge1_avg = <br /> | discharge1_max = <br /> | discharge2_location = <br /> | discharge2_min = <br /> | discharge2_avg = <br /> | discharge2_max = <br /> &lt;!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --&gt;<br /> | source1 = Mount Porom<br /> | source1_location = <br /> | source1_coordinates = <br /> | mouth = [[Brahmaputra]]<br /> | depth_avg = <br /> | mouth_location = <br /> | mouth_coordinates = <br /> | mouth_elevation = <br /> | progression = <br /> | waterfalls = <br /> | river_system = <br /> | basin_size = <br /> | tributaries_left = <br /> | tributaries_right = <br /> | custom_label = <br /> | custom_data = <br /> | depth_max = <br /> | depth_min = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = <br /> &lt;!---------------------- LOCATION --&gt;<br /> | name_other = <br /> | name_etymology = <br /> &lt;!---------------------- IMAGE &amp; MAP --&gt;<br /> | image = Subansiri.jpg<br /> | image_size = 300px<br /> | image_caption = Subansiri<br /> | map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg<br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_caption = Map of the combined drainage basins of the Ganges (yellow), Brahmaputra (violet) and Meghna (green) including the Subansiri River<br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> | pushpin_map_size = <br /> | subdivision_type1 = <br /> | width_max = <br /> | subdivision_name1 = <br /> | subdivision_type2 = <br /> | subdivision_name2 = <br /> | subdivision_type3 = <br /> | subdivision_name3 = <br /> | subdivision_type4 = <br /> | subdivision_name4 = <br /> | subdivision_type5 = <br /> | subdivision_name5 = <br /> | length = <br /> | width_min = <br /> | width_avg = <br /> | extra = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Subansiri'''{{efn|{{langx|hi|सुबनसिरी नदी|Subansirî nadî}}; {{zh|t=西巴霞曲|p=xībā xiá qǔ}}}} ('''Chayul Chu''' in Tibet){{sfn|Huber|1999|p=146}} is a trans-[[Himalayas|Himalayan]] river and a [[tributary]] of the [[Brahmaputra River]] that flows through Tibet's [[Lhuntse County]] in the [[Shannan Prefecture]] in Southwestern China, and the Indian states of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Assam]]. The Subansiri is approximately {{convert|518|km|mi}} long, with a [[drainage basin]] {{convert|32640|km2|sqmi}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Rao|first=K.L.|title=India's Water Wealth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZNrXuA2y3MC&amp;pg=PA78|access-date=1 May 2011|year=1979|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0704-3|page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra contributing 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.&lt;ref name=&quot;SinghSharma2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Vijay P.|last2=Sharma|first2=Nayan|last3=Ojha|first3=C. Shekhar P.|title=The Brahmaputra basin water resources|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-94-017-0540-0|access-date=1 May 2011|year=2004|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-1737-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-94-017-0540-0/page/n94 82]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Name and etymology ==<br /> [[File:North-East Frontier in 1954 Political Map of India.jpg|thumb|right|250px|1954 map of the [[North-East Frontier Agency]]]]<br /> The name is derived from a [[Sanskrit]] word ''svarṇa'' ({{lang|sa|स्वर्ण}}), meaning 'gold'.{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}}<br /> <br /> Originally the name applied to the river only after the confluence of the Chayul Chu and Tsari Chu rivers at [[Gelensiniak]].{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}} In early maps of independent India, Tsari Chu was marked as the main Subansiri river. However, over time, the name has been transferred to Chayul Chu.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} Within Tibet, the rivers are named after the locations they flow from such as Loro Chu, Nye Chu, '''Char Chu''' and Chayul Chu, all of which apply to the Subansirir or its tributaries.<br /> <br /> And also in the [[Mising language]], the river is referred to as [[Obonori]]. This name is distinct from the Sanskrit-derived Subansiri and has its roots in the indigenous [[Tani languages|Tani language]]. Obonori reflects the community's deep connection with the river, which is central to their culture, economy, and spiritual life. The exact etymology of Obonori is tied to the [[Mising people|Mising people's]] unique linguistic and cultural heritage.<br /> <br /> == Course ==<br /> === Chayul Chu ===<br /> Chayul Chu is formed near [[Chayul Dzong]] with the merger of '''Nye Chu''' and '''Loro Chu.'''<br /> <br /> Nye Chu originates in the [[Tsome County]] where it is called Sikung. After entering the [[Lhuntse County]], it is called '''Nyel Chu''' or '''Lhuntse Shung Chu'''. Its valley, called Nyelto, includes important towns such as [[Ritang, Tibet|Ritang]] and [[Kyitang]], the latter the capital of Lhuntse County.{{Sfn|Dorje|2004|p=206}} It flows for about 100&amp;nbsp;km before reaching Chayul Dzong.<br /> <br /> Loro Chu is formed by the merger two headwaters: '''Loro Karpo Chu''' (or the &quot;White Loro River&quot;) and '''Loro Nakpo Chu''' (or the &quot;Black Loro River&quot;). Both the rivers originate in the [[Tsona County]], marked by passes that divide the waters of Subansiri from those of [[Tsona Chu]]. The two head streams merge near the town of Trathong. The combined river flows for about 40&amp;nbsp;km before reaching Chayul Dzong.<br /> <br /> Chayul Chu flows for about 50&amp;nbsp;km in Tibet before entering [[Arunachal Pradesh]] near the town of [[Taksing]]. Before this, it is joined by '''Char Chu''' near the village of Lung, and [[Yume Chu]] just before entering Arunachal Pradesh.<br /> <br /> === Subansiri ===<br /> It enters India near the town of [[Taksing]] and flows east and southeast through [[Hill Miri people|Miri]] Hills,{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}} then south to the [[Assam valley|Assam]] Valley at Dulangmukh in [[Dhemaji district]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last1=Barman|first1=Swapnali|title=Future flow scenario of Subansiri River and its Impact on Power Potential of Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project|date=February 2020|url=https://www.iitr.ac.in/rwc2020/pdf/papers/RWC_75_Barman_S.pdf|publisher=IIT Roorkee and NIH Roorkee|last2=Bhattacharya|first2=R.K.|last3=Sharma|first3=S.K.|last4=Tirkey|first4=G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; where it joins the Brahmaputra River at Jamurighat in [[Lakhimpur district]]. Small tributaries of the Subansiri include [[Ranganadi River|Rangandi]], [[Dikrong River|Dikrong]] and [[Kamle River|Kamle]].{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=523}}<br /> <br /> The Subansiri lends its name to two districts in Arunachal Pradesh: [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]] and [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri.]]<br /> <br /> The observed discharge of Subansiri is a maximum of {{convert|18799|m3/s|cuft/s}}, and minimum of {{convert|131|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}. It contributes 7.92% of the Brahmaputra's total flow.&lt;ref name=&quot;SinghSharma2004&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Tributaries ==<br /> === Char Chu ===<br /> {{expand section|date=December 2022}}<br /> <br /> === Tsari Chu ===<br /> [[File:Tsari Chu.jpg|left|thumb|Tsari Chu marked in cyan]]<br /> '''Tsari Chu''' ({{zh|t=洛河|p=Luò hé}}, &quot;Lo River&quot;; known as '''Lensi River''' in Arunachal Pradesh)&lt;ref&gt;[https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2021/01/19/satellite-images-show-chinese-building-infrastructures-in-arunachal/ Satellite images show Chinese building infrastructures in Arunachal], The Arunachal Times, 19 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; rises near the village of [[Chosam]] in Tibet and flows east for about 25 miles till the town of [[Migyitun]], where it turns south. It merges with the Subansiri at [[Gelensiniak]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kapadia|first=Harish|author-link=Harish Kapadia|date=2006|title=Secrets of Subansiri: Himalayan Journal vol.62/7|url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/62/7/secrets-of-subansiri/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=[[Himalayan Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bhat|first=Col Vinayak|date=2018-06-22|title=Despite Modi-Xi bonhomie, China moves into Arunachal Pradesh, builds new road and barracks|url=https://theprint.in/defence/south-china-sea-to-the-himalayas-chinas-salami-slicing-now-reaches-arunachal/73316/|access-date=2021-01-23|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The district of Tsari, consisting of the Tsari Chu valley and its vicinity, is considered holy ground by the Tibetans. No animals are killed and no food is grown in these areas, with the exception of Migyitun.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |first=F. M. |last=Bailey |title=Report on an Exploration on the North-East Frontier, 1913 |publisher=Government Monotype Press |location=Simla |year=1914 |url=https://archive.org/details/ExplorationOnTheNorthEastFrontier1913 |via=archive.org |page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The holiness comes from the [[Dakpa Sheri]] mountain peak at the centre of the Tsari district, considered the home of the Buddhist Tantric deity Demchok ([[Chakrasamvara]]) and his consort Dorje Phagmo ([[Vajravārāhī]]). The pious Tibetans used to carry out a wide circumabulation (called ''rongkor'' or &quot;ravine circuit&quot;) around the mountain once every 12 years, during the monkey year. They traversed the valley of the Tsari Chu river until its junction with Subansiri, and returned via the Subansiri and Yume Chu valleys.{{sfn|Krishnatry|2005|pp=2–3}} The last such circumambulation took place in 1956, after which the [[Sino-Indian border dispute|Sino-Indian border conflict]] has put an end to the practice.<br /> <br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake]] caused landslides blocking the flow of Subansiri at Gerukamukh. After three days the blockade broke causing a massive flash flood. Over the years flooding of the river has caused loss to livelihood and life.{{Sfn|Goyal|Gupta|Sarma|Singh|2017|p=530}}<br /> <br /> ==Lower Subansiri Dam==<br /> The [[Lower Subansiri Dam]] or The Lower Subansiri Hydro-Electric Project is an under construction dam [[gravity dam]] on the river.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhpcindia.com/Projects/english/Scripts/Prj_Introduction.aspx?Vid=23|title=एनएचपीसी-मिनी रत्ना कैटेगरी- I पीएसयू}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dam is seen as a problem with environmental and social impacts and many organisations are protesting against it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php/component/content/article/60-2010/august/1103-anti-mega-dam-protests-vs-hydro-dollar-dream|title = Anti Mega Dam Protests Vs 'Hydro Dollar' Dream}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The River'' is a fiction book based on the issue and displays the issue as viewed by common Assamese people through its imaginary dolphins, fishes, and human characters.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bubok.com/books/205665/THE-RIVER |title=THE RIVER - Ishan Kashyap Hazarika |website=www.bubok.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002030736/http://www.bubok.com/books/205665/THE-RIVER |archive-date=2014-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of rivers of Assam]]<br /> * [[Lower Subansiri Dam]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{citation |last=Dorje |first=Gyurme |title=Footprint Tibet Handbook with Bhutan |edition=3rd |url=https://archive.org/details/footprinttibet0000dorj |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |publisher=Footprint Handbooks |location=Bath |year=2004 |ISBN=1-903471-30-3 }}<br /> * {{Cite book |last1=Goyal |first1=Manish |last2=Gupta |first2=Shivam |last3=Sarma |first3=Arup |last4=Singh |first4=Dhruv |chapter=Subansiri: Largest Tributary of Brahmaputra River, Northeast India. |editor=Dhruv Sen Singh |title=The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=9789811029844 |pages=523–535 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ridFDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA522 |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4 |s2cid=187246753 |lccn=2017940312}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Huber |first=Toni |title=The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ac4PUrEtVtsC |year=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535313-6}}<br /> * {{citation |last=Krishnatry |first=S. M. |title=Border Tagins of Arunachal Pradesh: Unarmed Expedition 1956 |publisher=National Book Trust |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-237-4460-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXTaAAAAMAAJ}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://sandrp.in/2013/09/25/subansiri-basin-study-another-chapter-of-environment-subversion-in-northeast/ Subansiri Basin Study – Another Chapter of Environment Subversion in Northeast], South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, 25 September 2013.<br /> <br /> {{China Rivers}}<br /> {{Waters of South Asia}}<br /> {{India Rivers}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rivers of Assam]]<br /> [[Category:Rivers of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River]]</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Ambikapur&diff=497220 2025-08-24T07:24:16Z

<p>AarohamResort: new...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Chhattisgarh, India}}<br /> {{no footnotes|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox diocese<br /> |jurisdiction = Diocese <br /> |name = Ambikapur <br /> |latin = Dioecesis Ambikapurensis <br /> |local = अंबिकापुर के सूबा<br /> |country = {{flag|India}}<br /> |metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Raipur]] <br /> |province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Raipur]] <br /> |rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]<br /> |cathedral = Cathedral of the Immaculate Mother of God in [[Ambikapur, India|Ambikapur]]<br /> |cocathedral = <br /> |patron = Immaculate Mother of God <br /> |parishes = 57<br /> |area_km2 = 22,337 <br /> |population = 2,870,000<br /> |population_as_of = 2015 <br /> |catholics = 97,369<br /> |catholics_percent= 3.4 <br /> |pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<br /> |bishop = [[Antonis Bara]] <br /> |metro_archbishop = [[Victor Henry Thakur]]<br /> |coadjutor = <br /> |auxiliary_bishops= <br /> | apostolic_admin = <br /> | vicar_general = <br /> | episcopal_vicar = <br /> | judicial_vicar = <br /> |emeritus_bishops = [[Patras Minj]]<br /> |image=|coat=|flag=|territory=|headquarters=|denomination=|churches=|sui_iuris_church=|established=10 November 1977|founded=|dissolved=|language=|priests=112}}<br /> <br /> The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Ambikapur''' ({{langx|la| Ambikapuren(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Ambikapur, India|Ambikapur]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Raipur]] in India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> * 10 November 1977: Established as Diocese of Ambikapur from the [[Diocese of Raigarh–Ambikapur]]<br /> <br /> ==Leadership==<br /> * [[Bishop]]s of Ambikapur ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])<br /> ** Bishop Antonis Bara (22 December 2021 – present)<br /> ** Bishop Patras Minj, S.J. (5 July 1996 – 22 December 2021)<br /> ** Bishop [[Paschal Topno]], S.J. (later Archbishop) (28 October 1985 – 26 March 1994)<br /> ** Bishop [[Philip Ekka]], S.J. (10 November 1977 – 20 October 1984)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; tags which will then appear here automatically --&gt;<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ambi0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dambi.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> <br /> {{coord|23.1369|N|83.1855|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ambikapur}}<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Christian organizations established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Surguja district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-RC-diocese-stub}}</div>

AarohamResort https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmikarna&diff=511681 2025-07-23T18:35:24Z

<p>AarohamResort: new - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ruler of Tripuri (c. 1041–1073)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | image = [[File:Inscription of King (Lakshmi)karna.png|frameless|]]<br /> | caption = Rewa stone inscription of king Lakshmikarna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mirashi |first=Vasudev Vishnu |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Volume IV: Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era |year=1955 |publisher=Government Epigraphist for India |location=Ootacamund |page=598 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3722/page/n597/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | name = Lakshmikarna<br /> | title = [[Chakravartin]], Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara<br /> | succession = King of Dahala<br /> | reign = c. 1041–1073 CE<br /> | dynasty = [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Gangeyadeva]]<br /> | successor = [[Yashahkarna]]<br /> | father = Gangeyadeva<br /> | spouse = Avalladevi<br /> | issue = Yashahkarna<br /> }}<br /> '''Lakshmikarna''' ([[IAST]]: Lakśmi-Karṇa; {{reign}} {{circa}} 1041–1073 CE), also known as '''Karna''', was a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri dynasty]] of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]].<br /> <br /> The most famous king of his dynasty, Lakshmikarna raided territories of several neighbouring kingdoms, including those of the [[Chandra dynasty|Chandras]], the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukyas]], the [[Chaulukya]]s, the [[Chandela]]s, and the [[Pala Empire|Palas]]. After several military successes, he assumed the title of ''[[Chakravartin]]'' in 1052-1053 CE. Around 1055 CE, he played an important role in the downfall of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]], and captured a part of the Paramara kingdom of [[Malwa]] after Bhoja's death. By the end of his reign, however, he suffered several setbacks and lost control of Malwa to Bhoja's brother [[Udayaditya]].<br /> <br /> == Military career ==<br /> [[File:Karna Temple, Amarkantak.jpg|thumb|The Karan temple at [[Amarkantak]], built by Lakshmikarna]]<br /> Lakshmikarna succeeded his father [[Gangeyadeva]] on the throne of Tripuri in 1041 CE.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}}<br /> <br /> === Early raids ===<br /> <br /> The 1048-49 Rewa stone inscription describes Lakshmikarna's military successes in the eastern regions of [[Bengal|Vanga]] (modern Bengal) and [[Anga]].{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}} In Vanga, Karna defeated a [[Chandra dynasty|Chandra]] king, possibly [[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]. He appointed Vajradaman as the governor of the captured territory. Vajradaman's son Jatavarman married Lakshmikarna's daughter Virashri, and later aided him in his Anga campaign.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}<br /> <br /> The Rewa inscription also claims that Lakshmikarna attacked [[Kanchi]] in the south. This suggests that he fought with the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] king [[Rajadhiraja Chola|Rajadhiraja]].{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}<br /> <br /> In the inscription, Lakshmikarna claims to have seized the fortune of the king of [[Kuntala country|Kuntala]], who is identified with the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] king [[Someshvara I]]. However, the Chalukya court poet [[Bilhana]] claims that Someshvara destroyed the power of Lakshmikarna. This suggests that the war between the two kings was indecisive.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}<br /> <br /> The Rewa inscription further states that Lakshmikarna invaded the [[Gurjaradesa|Gurjara]] country, where he turned the local women into widows. An [[Apabhramsha]] verse cited in ''Prakrita-paingala'' also suggests that Lakshmikarna defeated a Gurjara king. This king can be identified with the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Bhima I]]. It appears that peace was established between the two kingdoms, as Bhima later participated in one of Lakshmikarna's campaigns.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}<br /> <br /> === Chakravartin ===<br /> <br /> In 1052–1053 CE (804 [[Kalachuris of Mahishmati|KE]]), Lakshmikarna crowned himself ''[[chakravartin]]'' (universal ruler). This is attested by the [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]] inscription of his general Vappulla; this inscription is dated to Lakshmikarna's second regnal year as a ''chakravartin''.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna also bore the common grand titles ''Paramabhattaraka'', ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'', and ''Parameshvara''. He inherited the title ''Trikalingadhipati'' from his father. In addition, he also assumed the title ''Rajatrayadhipati'' (Lord of three forces: horses, elephants and men). His successors also continued to use these titles, although they were not as powerful as Lakshmikarna.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=494}}<br /> <br /> === Bhoja and Bhima ===<br /> <br /> [[Bhoja]], the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king of [[Malwa]], had defeated Lakshmikarna's father [[Gangeyadeva]]. In the mid-1050s, Lakshmikarna and the [[Chaulukya]] king [[Bhima I]] formed an alliance against Bhoja. Bhima attacked Malwa from the west, while Lakshmikarna attacked it from the east.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> According to the 14th century chronicler Merutunga, Bhoja died just as the two kings attacked Malwa. Bhima and Lakshmikarna had agreed to divide Bhoja's kingdom among themselves. But, Lakshmikarna annexed the entire Malwa region after Bhoja's death. As a result, Bhima invaded Lakshmikarna's kingdom and advanced up to his capital Tripuri. Lakshmikarna engineered a peace treaty by gifting him elephants, horses and the golden ''mandapika'' of Bhoja.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna lost the control of Malwa within a few months. Bhoja's successor [[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayasimha]] sought assistance from the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] king [[Someshvara I]] to restore the Paramara rule in Malwa.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}} Someshvara sent his son [[Vikramaditya VI]] to help Jayasimha. Lakshmikarna achieved early successes against Vikramaditya, but was ultimately defeated. Jayasimha gained back his ancestral throne in 1055 CE.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> === Chandelas ===<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna subjugated the [[Chandela]] king [[Devavarman (Chandela dynasty)|Devavarman]] (r. c. 1050-1060 CE). The allegorical play ''Prabodha-Chandrodaya'', composed by Chandela court scholar Krishna Misra, suggests that the Kalachuri king de-throned the Chandela king. Another literary work — ''Vikramanka-Deva-Charita'' by [[Bilhana]] — states that the Kalachuri king Lakshmikarna was like the lord of death to the lord of [[Kalanjara]] (that is, Devavarman). The later Chandela inscriptions credit Devavarman's successor [[Kirttivarman (Chandela dynasty)|Kirttivarman]] with resurrecting the Chandela power.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=91}} Thus, it appears that Devavarman was killed in a battle against Lakshmikarna.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna appears to have retained his control over a part of the Chandela territory for more than a decade. However, he was ultimately ousted by Kirttivarman, sometime before 1075-76 CE.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> === Palas ===<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna invaded the [[Pala Empire|Pala]]-ruled [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda region]] in the present-day [[West Bengal]]. A pillar inscription found at Paikar (or Paikore) in [[Birbhum district]] records the creation of an image at Lakshmikarna's order.{{sfn|Susan L. Huntington|1984|p=75}} This suggests that Lakshmikarna advanced up to as far as Birbhum district.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> The Siyan stone slab inscription from [[Nayapala]]'s reign states that Lakshmikarna was defeated.{{sfn|Susan L. Huntington|1984|p=75}} According to Tibetan accounts, the Buddhist monk [[Atisha]] engineered a peace treaty between Nayapala and the &quot;king of Karnya of the West&quot;. Historian [[R. C. Majumdar]] identifies the second king as Lakshmikarna.{{sfn|Alaka Chattopadhyaya|1999|p=98}}<br /> <br /> The 12th century Jain author [[Hemachandra]] states that Lakshmikarna defeated the king of Gauda, and that the king of Gauda offered Lakshmikarna a heavy tribute to save his life and his throne. According to V. V. Mirashi, this king might have been Nayapala's successor [[Vigrahapala III]]. The two kings ultimately concluded a peace treaty, with Lakshmikarna's daughter Yuvanashri marrying the Pala king.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=492}}<br /> <br /> === Alliance with Someshvara II ===<br /> <br /> After the death of the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] king Someshvara I, his two sons [[Someshvara II]] and [[Vikramaditya VI]] struggled to gain the throne. Lakshmikarna allied with Someshvara II, while the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Jayasimha I (Paramara dynasty)|Jayasimha]] sided with Vikramaditya VI. The combined army of Lakshmikarna and Someshvara II attacked the Paramara kingdom of Malwa, and captured it after dethroning Jayasimha. However, Bhoja's brother [[Udayaditya]] defeated Lakshmikarna, and took control of the Paramara kingdom around 1073 CE.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=493}}<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna married a [[Huna people|Huna]] princess called Avalla-devi. According to the Kalachuri inscriptions, Lakshmikarna crowned his son [[Yashahkarna]] as the king, which suggests that he abdicated the throne in favour of his son. This must have happened around 1073 CE, as a 1076 CE inscription of Yashahkarna mentions some of the new king's campaigns.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=494}}Though he had other two elder daughters Veerashree and Yuvanashree, who was wife to [[Vigrahapala III]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}<br /> <br /> == Cultural contributions ==<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna was the best known king of his dynasty, and was famous as a great warrior. But he was also a liberal patron of arts and culture.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=494}}<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna patronized several [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]] and [[Apabhramsha]] scholars. These included the noted Sanskrit poet [[Bilhana]], whose ''Vikramnka-deva-charita'' states that he defeated one Gangadhara in a poetic competition held at Lakshmikarna's court.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=494}} His other court poets included Villana, Nachiraja, Karpura and Vidyapati.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=29}}<br /> <br /> Lakshmikarna built the Karna-meru temple at [[Varanasi]]; it was probably dedicated to [[Shiva]]. He commissioned the Karna-tirtha [[ghat]] at [[Prayaga]] (modern Allahabad). He also established the Karnavati [[agrahara]] (village) for [[Brahmin]]s.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=494}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Alaka Chattopadhyaya |title=Atisa and Tibet: Life and Works of Dipamkara Srijnana in Relation to the History and Religion of Tibet with Tibetan Sources |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8Ssa5r7MZkC&amp;pg=PA98 |year=1999 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0928-4 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=R. K. Sharma |title=The Kalachuris and their times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iK0BAAAAMAAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Sundeep |oclc=7816720 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Sisirkumar Mitra |title=The Early Rulers of Khajurāho |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120819979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&amp;pg=PA27 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Susan L. Huntington |title=The &quot;Påala-Sena&quot; Schools of Sculpture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA75 |year=1984 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=90-04-06856-2 }}<br /> * {{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |author-link=Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi |chapter=The Kalacuris |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{Kalachuris of Tripuri}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kalachuris of Tripuri]]<br /> [[Category:11th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>

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