Muthupet

2022-06-13T11:13:09Z

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{{Short description|Town in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Copy edit|date=December 2021}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| other_name = Pearlpet City
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = MuthupetMangroves.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A view of the lagoon and the ocean beyond
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.396|N|79.494|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Zone]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Cauvery Delta]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chola Nadu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = City Town
| governing_body = Muthupet Town Panchayat
| district collector = Thiru.IAS<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/collectors#25|title = District Collectors | Tamil Nadu Government Portal}}</ref>
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 12.80
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 41,722
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_demonym = Muthupettaiyan
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 614704,614738
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 04369
| registration_plate = TN 50
| website = http://www.townpanchayat.in/muthupettai
}}

'''Muthupettai''' (முத்துப்பேட்டை) is a town in [[Thiruvarur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Muthupet is also known as Pearlpet.
Muthupet comes under the [[Thiruthuraipundi (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruthuraipoondi assembly]] constituency which elects a member to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] every five years. The current MLA is Adalarasan From Dmk and it is a part of the [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)]] which elects its member of parliament (MP) every five years. Muthupet city in town Panchayat constituted in the year of 1962. The town comes under the administrative territory of Thiruvarur District. The town extends over an area of 12.80 km<sup>2</sup>.

==Geography==
Muthupet is a town in Tiruvarur District. It is located between Thiruthuraipoondi and Pattukkotai, and around 360 km away from Chennai. The town lies adjacent to the Bay of Bengal and is in the southernmost part of the Cauvery delta. Muthupet is bounded by Korayar and Bamaniyar rivers to the east and west respectively. The rivers Koriayar and Pamaniyar join near Muthupet, and there is a lagoon, which is rich in fish.

Muthupet is an idealistic place for fishing, pearl hunting, and bird hunting. It is well known for its fishing industries such as finfish (koduva), shrimp and crab. A natural [[mangrove forest]], Alayathi Kadu, is one of the largest of its kind in India.

Muthupet is heavily affected by [[Cyclone Gaja]] on early hours on 16 November 2018. Wind speed gusting up to 140-160 kmph in Muthupet devastating hundreds of huts and thousands of trees in Muthupet itself, Many houses with sheet in the terrace are fell down during the cyclone. More than 500 electric poles and 20+ a transformers are fell down, Muthupet Got power supply only after 20 days since cyclone Gaya make landfall.

=== Mangroves and lagoons ===
[[File: Dense mangroves and their pencil roots in Muthupet Lagoon.JPG|thumb|right]]
Muthupet [[Mangrove]] forest is located at the southern end of the [[Cauvery]] delta, covering an area of approximately 13,500 ha of which only 4% is occupied by well-grown mangroves. The rivers Paminiyar, Koraiyar, Kilaithankiyar, Marakkakoraiyar and other tributaries of the river Cauvery flow through Muthupet and adjacent villages. At the tail end, they form a lagoon before meeting the sea.

The northern and western borders of the [[lagoon]] are occupied by muddy silt ground which is devoid of mangroves. The mangroves beyond [[Muthupet Lagoon]] are discontinuously found along the shore and extended up to Point Calimere. Muthupet mangrove forest was under the control of Chatram Department from 1853 to 1912 (Chengappa, 1918). The government of the presidency of [[Madras]] Gazette (1937) shows, from 1923 to 1936, half of the revenue obtained from selling mangrove products was paid to the revenue department and the remaining half was spent to maintain the "Chatrams" (Charity homes). The government declared the Muthupet mangrove forest as revenue forest in February 1937 and, accordingly, the mangrove forest was handed over to the forest department of the Madras presidency.

The forest is maintained by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20131020195613/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/ Tamil Nadu Forest Department]. The mangrove forest is divided into the Palanjur, Thamarankottai, Maravakkadu, Vadakadu, Thuraikadu and Muthupet reserve forests.
[[File:Fringing_mangroves,_mudflat_and_in_Muthupet_Lagoon.JPG|thumb|left]]
Muthupet reserve forest covers the lagoon, river creeks and the mudflats. [[Muthupet Lagoon]] (mullipallam) is a spectacular natural creation, which is 8 km from nearby Muthupet town and can be reached only by boat. The lagoon is shallow with an average depth of 1 m. The bottom of the lagoon is formed of silt clay substratum. The tidal fluctuations can be observed well with the exposure of oyster beds and roots during low tide.

The tidal fluctuations play a major role in dispersing mangrove seeds. Dense mangroves mostly cover the lagoon shore. The islets are found on the western side which are submerged during high tide. The salinity is the major environmental factor, controlling zonation of Muthupet mangrove forest. [[Avicennia marina]] is the conqueror of the forest which is found as a single dominant species.

The southern mudflat separates the lagoon from the adjacent sea that leaves a permanent mouth of lagoon with seasonally opened shallow waterways. The width of mudflat is increased from lagoon mouth to the eastern direction. The [[mudflat]] looks like a desert in summer, but the presence of dead gastropods under the surface soil layer and the erosion of soil at the centre of mudflat reveal the submergence of mudflat during flood. There is a difference between the lagoon shore and seashore of the same mudflat, in the aspect of distance of mangroves from fluctuating water level.
[[File:A traditional canal fisher.JPG|thumb|right]]

The mangroves have grown close to water level in the lagoon side but not in the seashore. The reason may be the difference in the nature of fine clayey silt deposition that carried by the rivers. The [[salt marshes]] are found as under herb as well as lining the inner side of the forest. In the degraded central part of the mudflat, the soft fine silt is found only around the salt marshes. The remaining barren ground is hard clay which may due to the erosion of surface silt by wind or floodwater. Thousands of partially decomposed rooted trunks found on the southeastern side of Muthupet lagoon are indicating the past, indiscriminate exploitation.
[[File:A bird in Muthupet.JPG|thumb|right]]

At 100–150 m in width and 5–6 km in length, the density of mangroves in the eastern side of Muthupet lagoon is comparatively lower than other areas. Tamil Nadu Forest Department has excavated several canals across the mudflat. Each main canal, which enhances the water movement between sea and lagoon, has several sub canals on either side with a substantial number of mangrove seedlings. The western side has a protruding land pocket has formed an islet-like structure. This part of the lagoon lies near Koraiyar river mouth with small mangrove patches.

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|76}}{{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|21}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|2.5}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.5}}}}
{{Historical populations|type=
|align = right
|state=collapsed
|1901|7503
|1911|8515
|1921|9623
|1931|10981
|1941|12709
|1951|18246
|1961|24726
|1971|37682
|1981|49484
|1991|57909
|2001|68756
|2011|83097
|footnote=Source:
*1901 – 2011: {{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>}}

Muthupet had a population of 39,722. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Muthupet has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 65%. Islam is the major religion with an estimated 76.4% of the population being Muslims within the town.

[[Tamil language|Tamil]] is the official language and is predominantly spoken. The most commonly used dialects is the [[Central Tamil dialect]].<ref name="languagesp730">{{cite book|title=The World's major languages|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu00comr|url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University|year=1987|pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldsmajorlangu00comr/page/730 730]|author=Bernard Comrie|isbn=0195205219}}</ref>

==Culture==
White or coloured Lungi is widely used as Male clothing instead of wearing pants. However, School/College Students wear Pants. Muslim ladies observe [[purdah]] and a significant number of women do wear [[niqab]] (An extra cloth which veils all the face but eyes).

Like any other [[Marakkar]] society, It is a close-knit society where people in general do not want to have marital relationships outside the town.

==Utility services==
Electricity supply to Muthupet is regulated and distributed by the [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]] (TNEB). The city along with its suburbs is a part of Tiruchirappalli Electricity Distribution Circle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Important Address|url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|publisher=Indian Wind Power Association|accessdate=2012-12-29|year=2011|page=3|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf|archivedate=2012-10-16}}</ref>

Muthupet comes under the Thanjavur Telecom circle of the [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides [[broadband internet]] service.<ref>{{cite web|title=State of Rural wireline broadband|publisher=BSNL, Tamil Nadu Circle|location=Tamil Nadu|url=http://ccatn.gov.in/usofiles/usoschemes/bbtn.htm|year=2011|accessdate=2012-12-29|ref={{sfnRef|BSNL|2011}}|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718161317/http://ccatn.gov.in/usofiles/usoschemes/bbtn.htm|archivedate=2013-07-18}}</ref>

==Economy==
Muthupet has two fish market one is Periya kadai theru fish market and azath nagar fish market.periya kadai their fish market is famous for Koduva meen, kalakan meen and viral meen.

Muthupet's Azath Nagar fish is the biggest fish market in Thiruvarur district. Variety of fish, Prawn, Crab are available daily from 6.00 a.m to 6.00 p.m, Muthupet fish market is famous for Koduva and viral in fish type and karuvan Raal in prawn type, From Muthupet they do fish exports to various district and state in India.

Muthupet is famous for its coconut and fishing as well as Aqua Farms. The ancient occupation of the people is fishing.

== Politics ==
'''Elected Ward Members'''

DMK - 9

SDPI - 4

AIADMK - 3

INC - 1

BJP - 1

==Infrastructure==
The Muthupet Bazaar is a busy bazaar which serves not only the town, but also its suburban villages. Muthupet having two biggest [[fish markets]] in the town, which serves the surrounding regions of other districts also.

It houses a '''[[Government Hospital]]''' along with enough number of private hospitals/clinics. The Muthupet '''[[Police station]]''' serves the town as well as the surrounding villages. Government establishments like '''[[Post Office]]''', '''[[Sub-Registrar office]]''', '''[[Municipality Office]]''', '''[[Village Panchayat Office]]''', '''[[Tamil Nadu Forest Department]]''', '''[[Customs Preventive Unit]]''' and '''[[Government Library]]''' have their base in the town.

Muthupet has four petrol bunks which sell [[petrol]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and oil to the public. Muthupet has a good mobile phone network as well. Mobile Network Operators such as [[BSNL]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Vodafone]], [[MTS India|MTS]], [[Tata Communications|TATA]], [[TATA DOCOMO]], [[Videocon]], [[Jio]] and [[Reliance Communications|Reliance]] provide their services. In addition, wireless WI-FI connections named Med WI-FI are given by the Med Group and the town also has sufficient number of internet browsing cafes.

== Tourism ==
The 700-year-old Islamic shrine Muthupet Dargah of Andavar Sheikh Dawood Khamil Oliyullh, was built using traditional architecture. People irrespective of caste, creed and religion visit this holy Dargah. Maximum number of visitors are from [[Kerala]] and [[Karnataka]]. Some of the international people from [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Malaysia]] etc., are also attend the main functions.

==Transport==
This town is well connected via road and rail with major towns and cities in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The [[East Coast Road]] (ECR) from [[Chennai]] to [[Kanyakumari]] connects this town as well. Frequent [[bus]] services are available to the nearby town, [[Pattukkottai]], [[Adirampattinam]], [[Thiruthuraipoondi]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Mannargudi]] and [[Vedaranyam]]. There are 11 [[Privately held company|Private]] omnibuses runs daily night services for passengers as well as freight to Chennai in addition with the state-owned [[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)|TNSTC]] regular [[passenger]] services.

Muthupet Railway Station is on the Karaikkudi-Thiruvarur broadguage line. Now Thiruvarur-Karaikudi-Thiruvarur Demo rail is service in daily except sunday and Ernakulam - Velankanni - Ernakulam express also operate on the Sunday only but there is no stop in muthupet railway station , there are no direct trains from Chennai to Muthupet.

[[Tiruchirapalli]] airport is the nearest International airport and is located around 110 km from Muthupet.

This town itself had been a small [[seaport]] during [[United Kingdom|British]] period. The old customs building near the coast stands as a [[landmark]] site in Muthupet.

'''By rail'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City !! Distance (in km)
|-
| [[Chennai]] || 371
|-
| [[Mumbai]] || 1655
|-
| [[Bangalore]] || 444
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || 2561
|-
| [[Pattukkottai]] || 21
|-
| [[Thiruvarur]] || 50
|-
| [[Adirai]] || 15
|}

'''By road'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! City !! Distance (in km)
|-
| [[Pattukkottai]] || 21
|-
| [[Thiruthuraipoondi]] || 25
|-
| [[Mannargudi]] || 34
|-
| [[Thiruvarur]] || 60
|-
| [[Thanjavur]] || 65
|-
| [[Nagapattinam]] || 65
|-
| [[Tiruchirappalli]] || 110
|-
| [[Chennai]] || 348
|-
| [[Coimbatore]] || 320
|-
| [[Thoothukudi]] || 275
|-
| [[Madurai]] || 165
|-
| [[Kilakarai]] || 160
|-
| [[Adirampattinam]]|| 15
|-
| [[Kayalpattinam]] || 302
|-
|[[Vedaranyam]] || 40
|-
|}
* All are approximate distances. Please verify with reliable and authentic sources.

[[Auto rickshaws]] act as a major mode of private transportation for short-distance travels. For long travels, people prefer private run taxis.

=== Daily bus trips from Muthupet to Chennai===
* SVT Semi Sleeper
* Universal (Semi Sleeper) (via ECR)
* TNSTC (Super Deluxe)(via Mannargudi, Kumbakonam)
* SETC (Ultra Deluxe) (Via Thiruthuraipoondi, Puducherry)
* Tippu sultan (semi-sleeper)
*apple travels
*universal semi-sleeper/sleeper non a/c
For Coimbatore
*city travels
*universal travels

==Education==
Muthupet has a commendable number of [[educational institutions]] for higher studies. Name of the some institutions are,
*[https://winnerschool.online '''Winners Matriculation School'''], Alangadu. https://winnerschool.online/
* Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Mannai Salai
* Perianayaki Govt Girls higher secondary school Muthupet
*மதியழங்காரம் தொடக்கப் பள்ளி pettai road, near Arab shahib masjid
* Govt Middle School, Pettai
* Rahmath Girls Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Abdul Kasim Nagar http://rahmathschool.com/
* Brilliant Matriculation Higher Secondary School, (opposite Rahmath Mosque) PKT road
* A.N (SANGATH) Primary School, near big Bazzar, Pettai road
* O.M.A School, O.M.A Garden, Jambavanodai, Melakadu http://www.omaschool.in/
* Al'Maha Primary School, New Busstand
* KAP Girls Higher Secondary School, Mannai Salai
* New Street Govt Primary School, Old Busstand, opposite of police station
* Saraswathi Vidhyalaya Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Ecr-Mannai Salai

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tiruvarur district]]

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Muthupet