List of state and union territory capitals in India

2026-03-30T13:25:29Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{India divisions by}}
[[India]] is a [[Federalism|federal]] constitutional republic governed under a [[parliamentary system]] consisting of [[States and territories of India|28 states and 8 union territories]].<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite web|date=31 October 2019|title=Jammu and Kashmir bifurcated: India has one less state, gets two new UTs in J&K, Ladakh|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jammu-and-kashmir-bifurcated-ladakh-union-territory-october-31-1614249-2019-10-31|access-date=25 December 2020|website=India Today|magazine=}}</ref> All states, as well as the union territories of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and the [[Delhi|National Capital Territory of Delhi]], have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the [[Westminster system|Westminster model]]. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the [[States Reorganisation Act]], states were reorganised on a linguistic basis.{{sfn|Sharma|2007|p=49}} Their structure has since remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts.

The legislatures of three states [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Uttarakhand]] meet in different capitals for their summer and winter sessions. [[Ladakh]] has both [[Leh]] and [[Kargil]] as its administrative capitals.

== List ==
The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located. The legislative capital is where the legislative assembly is located and the judicial capital is where the states or union territories' high courts are located.

=== States ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State
! Administrative/ Executive capital
! Legislative capital
! Judicial capital
! Year of establishment
! Former capital
|-
|'''[[Andhra Pradesh]]'''
| [[Amaravati]]
| Amaravati
| Amaravati
| 2014
|[[Hyderabad]]{{efn|Hyderabad was the de jure joint capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana until 2024.}} (1956–2014)
|-
|'''[[Arunachal Pradesh]]'''
| [[Itanagar]]
| Itanagar
| [[Guwahati]]
| 1987
| —
|-
|'''[[Assam]]'''
|[[Dispur]]
|Dispur
|[[Guwahati]]
| 1972
|[[Shillong]]{{efn|Shillong was the joint capital of Assam and Meghalaya until 1972.{{sfn|Baruah|1999|p=xiii}}}} (1950–1972)
|-
|'''[[Bihar]]'''
|[[Patna]]
| Patna
| Patna
| 1950
| —
|-
|'''[[Chhattisgarh]]'''
|[[Raipur]]{{efn|[[Naya Raipur]] is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.}}
| Raipur
|[[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
| 2000
| —
|-
|'''[[Goa]]'''
|[[Panaji]]{{efn|Panaji was the capital of Goa from 1843 when it was ruled by the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]].{{sfn|Ring|1996|p=288}}}}
|[[Porvorim]]
|[[Mumbai]]
| 1987
| —
|-
|'''[[Gujarat]]'''
|[[Gandhinagar]]
| Gandhinagar
|[[Ahmedabad]]
| 1960
| Ahmedabad (1960–1970)
|-
|'''[[Haryana]]'''
|[[Chandigarh]]
| Chandigarh
| Chandigarh
| 1966
| —
|-
|'''[[Himachal Pradesh]]'''
|[[Shimla]]
| Shimla (Summer) [[Dharamshala]] (Winter)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-20 |title=Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal |url=https://hillpost.in/2017/01/dharamshala-declared-second-capital-of-himachal/107991/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Hill Post |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Shimla
| 1971
| —
|-
|'''[[Jharkhand]]'''
|[[Ranchi]]
| Ranchi
| Ranchi
| 2000
| —
|-
|'''[[Karnataka]]'''
|[[Bengaluru]]
| Bengaluru
| Bengaluru
| 1956
| —
|-
|'''[[Kerala]]'''
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| Thiruvananthapuram
| [[Kochi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court of Kerala |url=https://highcourt.kerala.gov.in/# |url-status=live |access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref>
| 1956
| —
|-
|'''[[Madhya Pradesh]]'''
|[[Bhopal]]
| Bhopal
|[[Jabalpur]]
| 1956
| —
|-
|'''[[Maharashtra]]'''
|[[Mumbai]]{{efn|Mumbai (Bombay) was the capital of [[Bombay Presidency]] which was a province until 1950. After that Bombay became the capital of [[Bombay State]]. Subsequently, Bombay State was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960.}}
|Mumbai (Summer) [[Nagpur]] (Winter)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-15 |title=Nagpur Winter Capital, Why No Metro City Tag? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/nagpur-winter-capital-why-no-metro-city-tag/articleshow/122460656.cms |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| Mumbai
| 1960
| —
|-
|'''[[Manipur]]'''
|[[Imphal]]
| Imphal
| Imphal
| 1972
| —
|-
|'''[[Meghalaya]]'''
|[[Shillong]]
| Shillong
| Shillong
| 1972
| —
|-
|'''[[Mizoram]]'''
|[[Aizawl]]
| Aizawl
|[[Guwahati]]
| 1987
| —
|-
|'''[[Nagaland]]'''
|[[Kohima]]
| Kohima
|[[Guwahati]]
| 1963
| —
|-
|'''[[Odisha]]'''
|[[Bhubaneswar]]
| Bhubaneswar
|[[Cuttack]]
| 1950
| —
|-
|'''[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]'''
| [[Chandigarh]]
| Chandigarh
| Chandigarh
| 1966
| —
|-
|'''[[Rajasthan]]'''
|[[Jaipur]]
| Jaipur
|[[Jodhpur]]
| 1950
| —
|-
|'''[[Sikkim]]'''
|[[Gangtok]]{{efn|Gangtok has been the capital of Sikkim since 1890. [[Kingdom of Sikkim]] joined the Indian Union in 1975.{{sfn|Spate|1953|p=200}}}}
| Gangtok
| Gangtok
| 1975
| —
|-
|'''[[Tamil Nadu]]'''
|[[Chennai]]{{efn|Chennai (Madras) was the capital of the [[Madras Presidency]] since 1839, which was redrawn as Madras State in 1956. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968.}}
| Chennai
| Chennai
| 1956
| —
|-
|'''[[Telangana]]'''
|[[Hyderabad]]
| Hyderabad
|Hyderabad
|2014
| —
|-
|'''[[Tripura]]'''
|[[Agartala]]
| Agartala
| Agartala
| 1972
| —
|-
|'''[[Uttar Pradesh]]'''
|[[Lucknow]]
| Lucknow
|[[Prayagraj]]
| 1950
| —
|-
|'''[[Uttarakhand]]'''
|[[Dehradun]]
|[[Bhararisain]] (summer)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-08 |title=Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bhararisain-declared-as-summer-capital-of-uttarakhand/603160 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref> Dehradun (winter)
|[[Nainital]]
| 2000
| —
|-
|'''[[West Bengal]]'''
|[[Kolkata]]
| Kolkata
| Kolkata
| 1950
| —
|}

=== Union territories ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
!width="25%"| Union Territory
! Administrative/ Executive capital
!Legislative capital
!Judicial capital
! Year of establishment
|-
|'''[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]'''
|[[Port Blair]]
| –
|[[Kolkata]]
|1956
|-
|'''[[Chandigarh]]'''
|[[Chandigarh]]
| –
|Chandigarh
|1966
|-
|'''[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]'''
|[[Daman, India|Daman]]
| –
|[[Mumbai]]
|2020
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|'''Jammu and Kashmir''']]
|[[Srinagar]]
|Srinagar (summer) [[Jammu]] (winter)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-14 |title=Explained: Why does Jammu & Kashmir has two capitals? |url=https://www.news9live.com/knowledge/jammu-kashmir-dual-capitals-explained-2773804 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Srinagar
|2019
|-
|'''[[Ladakh]]'''
|[[Leh]]
|–
|Srinagar
|2019
|-
|'''[[Lakshadweep]]'''
|[[Kavaratti]]
| –
|[[Kochi]]
|1956
|-
|'''[[Delhi]]'''
|[[New Delhi]]
|New Delhi
|New Delhi
|1956
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|'''Puducherry''']]
|[[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]
|Pondicherry
|[[Chennai]]
|1951
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
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*{{cite book|last=Kini|first=N. G. S.|title=The City Voter in India: A Study of 1967 General Elections in Nagpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46HcFvAv96sC&pg=PA34|access-date=13 August 2012|year=1974|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-88386-524-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Kumāra|first=Braja Bihārī|title=Small States Syndrome In India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&pg=PA136|access-date=13 August 2012|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-691-8}}
* {{cite book|first=James|last= Kippen|title=Gurudev's Drumming Legacy: Music, Theory, and Nationalism in the Mr̥daṅg Aur Tablā Vādanpaddhati of Gurudev Patwardhan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB1AhvY2BSEC|access-date=15 August 2012|year=2006|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-5424-7}}
* {{cite book|first1=N. R. Madhava|last1= Menon|first2=D.|last2= Banerjea|title=Criminal Justice India Series: Haryana, 2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm_tzXsC12gC|access-date=15 August 2012|year=2002|publisher=Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences|isbn=978-81-7764-518-7}}
*{{citation|title=Post-Independence Era|work=History of Andhra Pradesh|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html|access-date=4 August 2012|ref={{sfnRef|Government of Andhra Pradesh}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220113947/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/hist-cult/history_post.html|archive-date=20 December 2013}}
*{{cite book|last=Ring|first=Trudy|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA288|access-date=13 August 2012|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-884964-04-6 }}
*{{cite book|last1=Sati|first1=Vishwambhar Prasad|last2=Kumar|first2=Kamlesh|title=Uttaranchal: Dilemma Of Plenties And Scarcities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct6YMRvYJQ4C&pg=PA9|access-date=13 August 2012|year=2004|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-898-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Sharma|first=B. K.|date=August 2007|title=Introduction to the Constitution of India|edition=4th|publisher=[[Prentice Hall]]|isbn=978-81-203-3246-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srDytmFE3KMC}}
* {{cite book|first=Oskar Hermann Khristian|last= Spate|title=The Changing Map Of Asia A Political Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DrgNAAAAQAAJ|access-date=15 August 2012|year=1953|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}
{{Refend}}
==External links==
* [https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/ List of states in India]

{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}

[[Category:Indian capital cities| 01]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in India|Capitals]]
[[Category:Lists of capital cities of country subdivisions|India, state and union territory capitals]]

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List of state and union territory capitals in India