1989 Indian general election

2021-06-08T17:03:14Z

49.207.204.252:

{{short description|General election in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1984
| next_election = 1995 Indian general election
| next_year = [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| election_date = 22 and 26 November 1989<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm |title = INDIA: Parliamentary elections Lok Sabha, 1989|website=Inter-Parliamentary Union}}</ref>
| seats_for_election = 529 of the 543 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 265
| image_size = 130x130px
| turnout = 61.95% ({{decrease}}2.06%)

| image1 = Rajiv Gandhi (1987).jpg
| leader1 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| seats1 = '''197'''
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 217
| popular_vote1 = '''118,894,702'''
| percentage1 = '''39.53%'''
| swing1 =

| image2 = V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg
| leader2 = [[V. P. Singh]]
| party2 = Janata Dal
| leaders_seat2 = [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]
| seats2 = 143
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 129
| popular_vote2 = 53,518,521
| percentage2 = 17.79%
| swing2 =

| image3 = Lal Krishna Advani 2008-12-4.jpg
| leader3 = [[L. K. Advani]]
| party3 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leaders_seat3 = [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]]
| seats3 = 85
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 83
| popular_vote3 = 34,171,477
| percentage3 = 11.36%
| swing3 =

| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister
| before_election = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[V. P. Singh]]
| after_party = [[National Front (India)|National Front]]
| map_image = [[File:Wahlergebnisse Indien 1989.svg|300px|lang=en]]
}}

'''General elections''' were held in [[India]] on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the [[9th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/elections-1989-congressi-faces-prospect-of-being-routed-in-bihar/1/324190.html}}</ref> The incumbent [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]] government under the premiership of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] was defeated by the [[National Front (India)|National Front]], an alliance forged by [[Janata Dal]], which won a plurality of seats. The alliance formed the government with outside support from [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].<ref>{{cite web|date=29 November 2008|title=V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1&|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2003|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|page=124}}</ref> [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] was sworn in as the seventh [[Prime Minister of India]] on 2 December 1989.

==Background==
The 1989 Indian general election were held because the previous Lok Sabha has been in power for a five years, and the constitution allowed for new elections. Even though [[Rajiv Gandhi]] had won the last election by a landslide, this election saw him trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.

The [[Bofors scandal]], rising militancy in Punjab, the [[Sri Lankan Civil War|civil war]] between [[LTTE]] and Sri Lankan government were just some of the problems that stared at Rajiv's government. Rajiv's biggest critic was [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]], who had held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defence ministry in the government.

But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the Lok Sabha. He formed the Jan Morcha with Arun Nehru and Arif Mohammad Khan and re-entered the Lok Sabha from Allahabad. Witnessing [[V P Singh]]'s meteoric rise on national stage, Rajiv tried to counter<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm |title = The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Opinions}}</ref> him with another prominent Rajput stalwart Satyendra Narain Singh but failed eventually.

In this election, Assam never went to the polls. Moreover, the State of Goa, Daman and Diu was bifurcated into Goa and Daman & Diu with Goa retaining its 2 seats and the latter gaining 1 seat. Thus the total Lok Sabha seats went up by 1 to a total of 543. Since Assam never went to the polls, the total seats contested in this election was down to 529.
{{Politics of India}}

==Results==
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1989.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=118894702|seats1=197|sc1=
|party2=[[Janata Dal]]|votes2=53518521|seats2=143|sc2=
|party3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes3=34171477|seats3=85|sc3=
|party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=19691309|seats4=33|sc4=
|party5=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes5=9909728|seats5=2|sc5=
|party6=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes6=7734697|seats6=12|sc6=
|party7=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes7=7196099|seats7=0|sc7=
|party8=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes8=6213390|seats8=3|sc8=
|party9=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes9=4518649|seats9=11|sc9=
|party10=[[Janata Party]]|votes10=3029743|seats10=0|sc10=
|party11=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes11=2318872|seats11=6|sc11=
|party12=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes12=1854276|seats12=4|sc12=
|party13=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes13=1561371|seats13=0|sc13=
|party14=[[Doordarshi Party]]|votes14=1338566|seats14=0|sc14=
|party15=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes15=1261310|seats15=3|sc15=
|party16=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes16=1032276|seats16=3|sc16=
|party17=[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha]]|votes17=978377|seats17=1|sc17=
|party18=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes18=974234|seats18=2|sc18=
|party19=[[Indian People's Front]]|votes19=737551|seats19=1|sc19=
|party20=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes20=636589|seats20=0|sc20=
|party21=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes21=617376|seats21=1|sc21=
|party22=Lok Dal (Bahuguna)|votes22=602110|seats22=0|sc22=
|party23=Bharatiya Republican Paksha|votes23=572434|seats23=0|sc23=
|party24=Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha|votes24=495565|seats24=0|sc24=
|party25=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes25=468615|seats25=0|sc25=
|party26=[[Gorkha National Liberation Front]]|votes26=435070|seats26=1|sc26=
|party27=Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal)|votes27=427609|seats27=0|sc27=
|party28=Jharkhand Dal|votes28=367838|seats28=0|sc28=
|party29=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes29=352191|seats29=1|sc29=
|party30=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes30=339426|seats30=1|sc30=
|party31=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes31=247013|seats31=1|sc31=
|party32=[[Naga People's Front|Nagaland People's Council]]|votes32=239124|seats32=0|sc32=
|party33=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes33=217514|seats33=1|sc33=
|party34=[[Manipur Peoples Party]]|votes34=147128|seats34=0|sc34=
|party35=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes35=129300|seats35=0|sc35=
|party36=Humanist Party of India|votes36=122947|seats36=0|sc36=
|party37=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh|votes37=120159|seats37=0|sc37=
|party38=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes38=116392|seats38=1|sc38=
|party39=Kuki National Assembly|votes39=108085|seats39=0|sc39=
|party40=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes40=100570|seats40=0|sc40=
|party41=[[Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)]]|votes41=100300|seats41=0|sc41=
|party42=[[People's Party of Arunachal]]|votes42=96181|seats42=0|sc42=
|party43=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes43=91740|seats43=0|sc43=
|party44=[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]]|votes44=91608|seats44=1|sc44=
|party45=[[Amra Bangali]]|votes45=80834|seats45=0|sc45=
|party46=[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]|votes46=71194|seats46=3|sc46=
|party47=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes47=70749|seats47=0|sc47=
|party48=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes48=68811|seats48=0|sc48=
|party49=Tharasu Makkal Mandaram|votes49=64885|seats49=0|sc49=
|party50=Democratic Party|votes50=43667|seats50=0|sc50=
|party51=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes51=42282|seats51=0|sc51=
|party52=[[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]]|votes52=39465|seats52=0|sc52=
|party53=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]]|votes53=38937|seats53=0|sc53=
|party54=[[All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi)|Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh]]|votes54=25839|seats54=0|sc54=
|party55=Proutist Bloc Of India|votes55=23331|seats55=0|sc55=
|party56=Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party|votes56=22625|seats56=0|sc56=
|party57=[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]|votes57=22446|seats57=0|sc57=
|party58=Karnataka Gana Parishad|votes58=19593|seats58=0|sc58=
|party59=Socialist Party (Lohiya)|votes59=17639|seats59=0|sc59=
|party60=Tamiliar Kazhagam|votes60=12859|seats60=0|sc60=
|party61=[[Rising Sun Party]]|votes61=12858|seats61=0|sc61=
|party62=[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)|Indian Congress (J) Trikha Group]]|votes62=12539|seats62=0|sc62=
|party63=[[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]]|votes63=12430|seats63=0|sc63=
|party64=[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|Socialist Unity Centre of India]]|votes64=8747|seats64=0|sc64=
|party65=All India Garib Congress|votes65=7635|seats65=0|sc65=
|party66=[[Hul Jharkhand Party]]|votes66=6663|seats66=0|sc66=
|party67=Bhatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh|votes67=5895|seats67=0|sc67=
|party68=Lok Party|votes68=4731|seats68=0|sc68=
|party69=[[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League|Akhil Bhartiya Gorkha League (Budhiman Gurung)]]|votes69=4426|seats69=0|sc69=
|party70=Shoshit Samaj Party|votes70=3756|seats70=0|sc70=
|party71=Scientific Vedic Revolutionary Party|votes71=3470|seats71=0|sc71=
|party72=Deseeya Karshaka Party|votes72=3059|seats72=0|sc72=
|party73=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes73=2998|seats73=0|sc73=
|party74=Barat Desam Labour Party|votes74=2944|seats74=0|sc74=
|party75=Progressive Hul Jharkhand|votes75=2890|seats75=0|sc75=
|party76=Republicon Presidium Party|votes76=2791|seats76=0|sc76=
|party77=West Orissa Peoples Front|votes77=2682|seats77=0|sc77=
|party78=West Bengal Socialist Party (Biman Mitra)|votes78=2411|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=All India Shiromani Baba Jiwan Singh Mazhbi Dal|votes79=2368|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=Akhil Bhartiya Hindustani Krantikari Samajwadi Party|votes80=2263|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=Green Party of India|votes81=2142|seats81=0|sc81=
|party82=Akhil Baratiya Pichhra Varg Party|votes82=2055|seats82=0|sc82=
|party83=Tamil Nadu Peoples Welfare Association|votes83=1964|seats83=0|sc83=
|party84=Sadharam Rajya Parishad|votes84=1928|seats84=0|sc84=
|party85=Indian National Congress (O) Anti-Merger Group|votes85=1735|seats85=0|sc85=
|party86=Gujarat Janata Parishad|votes86=1577|seats86=0|sc86=
|party87=All India Justice Party|votes87=1428|seats87=0|sc87=
|party88=Peoples Democracy of India|votes88=1392|seats88=0|sc88=
|party89=Punjab Peoples Party|votes89=1374|seats89=0|sc89=
|party90=[[Hindustan Janata Party]]|votes90=1361|seats90=0|sc90=
|party91=Bharatha Makkal Congress|votes91=1357|seats91=0|sc91=
|party92=Deccan Congress|votes92=1332|seats92=0|sc92=
|party93=Akhil Bhartiya Lok Tantrik Party|votes93=1272|seats93=0|sc93=
|party94=Vijaya Shakti|votes94=1093|seats94=0|sc94=
|party95=Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Dal|votes95=1035|seats95=0|sc95=
|party96=Pandav Dal|votes96=918|seats96=0|sc96=
|party97=National Republican Party|votes97=839|seats97=0|sc97=
|party98=Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Sangh|votes98=703|seats98=0|sc98=
|party99=Mahabharat Peples Party|votes99=694|seats99=0|sc99=
|party100=Indian Union Muslim League (IML)|votes100=687|seats100=0|sc100=
|party101=Manipur Peoples Council|votes101=677|seats101=0|sc101=
|party102=Vishal Bharat Pary|votes102=621|seats102=0|sc102=
|party103=Republican Party of India (Gavai Group)|votes103=539|seats103=0|sc103=
|party104=Punjab Kairon Dal|votes104=493|seats104=0|sc104=
|party105=Peoples Party of India|votes105=478|seats105=0|sc105=
|party106=Indian Labour Party|votes106=406|seats106=0|sc106=
|party107=Socialist Labour League|votes107=391|seats107=0|sc107=
|party108=Bharatiya Krantikari Kisan Sang|votes108=367|seats108=0|sc108=
|party109=Kamaraj Desiya Congress|votes109=322|seats109=0|sc109=
|party110=Punjab Naya Front|votes110=314|seats110=0|sc110=
|party111=Hindu Shiv Sena|votes111=160|seats111=0|sc111=
|party112=Bhartiya Lok Kalyan Dal|votes112=145|seats112=0|sc112=
|party113=Labour Party of India|votes113=99|seats113=0|sc113=
|party114=Independents|votes114=15793781|seats114=12|sc114=
|row115=Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]|seats115=2|sc115=
|invalid=8274072
|electorate=498906129
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9761&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0a53970c570a9414c865fa27dd5a8267 ECI]
}}

==Aftermath==
V. P. Singh, who was the head of the Janata Dal, was chosen leader of the National Front government.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 December 2008|title=V. P. Singh: Prime Minister of India who tried to improve the lot of the poor|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/v-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html|access-date=6 October 2017|work=The Independent}}</ref> His government fell after Singh, along with Bihar's Chief Minister [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]'s government, had [[L. K. Advani|Advani]] arrested in [[Samastipur]] and stopped his [[Ram Rath Yatra]], which was going to the Babri Masjid site in Ayodhya on 23 October 1990. Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew their support to Singh government, causing them to lose parliamentary [[Motion of no confidence|vote of confidence]] on 7 November 1990.<ref>{{cite web|date=8 November 1990|title=India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142–346, and Quits|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

[[Chandra Shekhar]] broke away from the Janata Dal with 64 MPs and formed the [[Samajwadi Janata Party]] in 1990. He got outside support from the Congress and became the 9th Prime Minister of India. He finally resigned on 21 June 1991, after the Congress alleged that the government was spying on Rajiv Gandhi.

==See also==
*[[Election Commission of India]]
*[[1987 Indian presidential election]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1989 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:November 1989 events in Asia]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

1989 Indian general election