List of capitals of Andhra Pradesh

2022-04-06T15:56:52Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

The '''capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]]''' have been changed four times since its formation.

== Overview ==
[[File:Hyderabad State reorganization 1956.png|thumb|[[Hyderabad State]] in 1956 (in yellowish green). After reorganisation in 1956, regions of the state west of the red and blue lines merged with the [[Bombay State|Bombay]] and [[Mysore state]]s respectively, and the rest of the state ([[Telangana]]) was merged with [[Andhra State]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The capital of the newly formed state was [[Hyderabad]].]]

On 1 October 1953, [[Andhra State]] was formed with its capital as [[Kurnool]]. It was formed after the [[Andhra movement]], led by various Telugu leaders. During the same time, campaigns such as [[Visalandhra movement]] started in [[Andhra State]] and by [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking people in [[Hyderabad State]]. [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]] came into effect from 1 November 1956 with an aim to organising the boundaries of India's [[States and territories of India|states and territories]] along linguistic lines. As a result, the central government, led by Nehru, merged Andhra State and Hyderabad State (Telugu-speaking areas are now Telangana) to form united [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] on 1 November 1956 after ensuring safeguards to Telangana in the form of a [[Gentlemen's agreement of Andhra Pradesh (1956)|gentleman's agreement]]. [[Hyderabad]] became the new capital of the state of united [[Andhra Pradesh]].

There have been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of [[Telangana Joint Action Committee|Telangana Political Joint Action Committee, TJAC]] including political leadership representing the Telangana area.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2011|title=How Telangana movement has sparked political turf war in Andhra|newspaper=Rediff|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-telangana-movement-has-sparked-political-turf-war-in-andhra/20111005.htm|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123122405/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-telangana-movement-has-sparked-political-turf-war-in-andhra/20111005.htm|archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref> On 9 December 2009 the government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the [[Coastal Andhra]] and [[Rayalseema]] regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009.

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 February 2012|title=Pro-Telangana AP govt employees threaten agitation|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046433_1_pro-telangana-telangana-employees-separate-statehood-demand|url-status=live|access-date=18 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095651/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-02-10/news/31046433_1_pro-telangana-telangana-employees-separate-statehood-demand|archive-date=2 February 2014}}</ref> There have been hundreds of claimed suicides,<ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana Protests, Student Suicides Increase in Hyderabad During Budget Sessions|url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/02/25/telangana-protests-student-suicides-increase-in-hyderabad-durin/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222152602/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/02/25/telangana-protests-student-suicides-increase-in-hyderabad-durin/|archive-date=22 February 2015|access-date=16 March 2015|work=Politics Daily}}</ref> strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood.

On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously passed a resolution to recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in the [[Parliament of India]] in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Telangana bill passed in Lok Sabha; Congress, BJP come together in favour of new state|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telanganathetroubledstate/parliament-adjourned-till-noon-over-telangana-issue/article1-1185194.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218081502/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telanganathetroubledstate/parliament-adjourned-till-noon-over-telangana-issue/article1-1185194.aspx|archive-date=18 February 2014|access-date=18 February 2014|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In February 2014, [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]] bill was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] for the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|title=Telangana bill passed by upper house|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220103407/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|archive-date=20 February 2014|access-date=20 February 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref> The bill received the assent of the [[President of India|president]] and published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Andhra Pradesh reorganisation act, 2014|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223043/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/APRegACT2014_0.pdf|archive-date=8 January 2016|access-date=3 March 2014|publisher=Ministry of law and justice, government of India}}</ref> The state of [[Telangana]] was officially formed on 2 June 2014 with its capital as [[Hyderabad]].

[[Amaravati]] was founded by former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] in 2014 as the [[Greenfield land|Greenfield administrative capital city]] of the Andhra Pradesh state, and its [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] was laid at [[Uddandarayunipalem]] by the [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]] on 22 October 2015.<ref name="foundation2">{{citation|title=Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making|date=22 October 2015|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/thousands-descend-on-andhra-village-uddandarayunipalem-to-watch-history-in-making/articleshow/49491280.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> In 2017, Andhra Pradesh Government began operating officially from the newly planned capital city [[Amaravati]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 October 2015|title=Andhra Pradesh To Get New Capital Amaravati Today, PM Modi To Inaugurate|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-andhra-pradeshs-new-capital-amaravati-today-1235078|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=P|first=Ashish|date=2 March 2017|title=Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu inaugurates new Andhra Pradesh Assembly|language=en|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/new-andhra-pradesh-assembly-chandrababu-naidu-velagapudi-guntur-district-963618-2017-03-02|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> In August 2020, [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] passed [[Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020]]. According to its provisions, [[Visakhapatnam]] is the [[Executive (government)|executive]] capital while [[Amaravati]] and [[Kurnool]] serve as [[Legislature|legislative]] and [[Judiciary|judicial]] capitals, respectively.<ref name="3caps">{{Cite news|title=YS Jaganmohan Reddy's three-capital plan on track as Andhra Pradesh governor gives nod to two bills|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/vijayawada/ys-jaganmohan-reddys-three-capital-plan-on-track-as-andhra-pradesh-governor-gives-nod-to-two-bills/amp_articleshow/77296660.cms}}</ref> The decision resulted in widespread [[2019–2020 Amaravati protests|protests by the farmers of Amaravati]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sudhir|first1=Uma|date=13 January 2020|title=Won't Celebrate Harvest Festival, Say Amaravati Farmers Amid Protests|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/amaravati-farmers-protesting-over-andhra-pradesh-capital-proposal-say-wont-celebrate-sankranti-2163126|access-date=28 February 2021}}</ref> The act has been challenged in [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], which ordered to maintain status quo until the court completes its hearing. On 22 November 2021, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|government]], led by [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]], have withdrawn the [[Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020|act]]. The decision to withdraw the act was taken at an emergency cabinet meeting held on 21 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Andhra Pradesh scraps controversial three capital model|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/andhra-pradesh-scraps-controversial-three-capital-model-341516|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

== List ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Region
!Capital
!From
!To
!Ref.
|-
|[[Andhra State]]
|[[Kurnool]]
|1 October 1953
|1 November 1956
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Express October 2, 1953|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19531002&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=26 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|1 November 1956
|21 October 2015
|<ref name="reorganisation">{{cite web|date=1 March 2014|title=The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034307/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts2014/6%20of%202014.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=14 July 2015|website=India Code Legislative Department|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice|page=2|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Amaravati]]
|22 October 2015
|Present
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh government withdraws three-capitals bills |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-pradesh-govt-withdraws-three-capitals-bills/articleshow/87845211.cms |access-date= |website= |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery percolumn="4">
File:Dhyana Buddha statue in Amaravathi.jpg|[[Amaravati]]
File:Night sky and flight paths over Hyderabad.jpg|[[Hyderabad]]
File:Visakhapatnam from Simhachalam hill.jpg|[[Visakhapatnam]]
File:View of Kurnool City from Abhayanjaneya Swamy Idol - Jagannatha Gattu - Kurnool City 2.jpg|[[Kurnool]]
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Andhra Pradesh-related lists]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of capitals of Andhra Pradesh