Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

T.K.M. Centenary Public School

2026-05-03T23:07:51Z

3muhammed4: added new pg needs work

[[File:TKMCPS 2017.jpg|alt=A two-story educational or institutional building with distinctive Islamic architecture featuring multiple arched doorways and windows across both levels. The structure has a light green or yellow-green roof and white walls with decorative arches. A low wall with balustrades runs along the front of the building. The foreground shows a large red dirt sports ground or playground with cone markers. Mature trees, including one with reddish-orange foliage, frame the building on both sides against a clear blue sky.|thumb|An image of TKMCPS, as seen from the school's playground.]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Thangal Kunju Musaliar Centenary Public School
| native_name = '''TKMCPS'''
| image =
| image_size =
| motto = Seek Knowledge from Cradle to Heaven
| established = 1997
| head_label = Principal
| head = Mrs. Saboora Beegum
| faculty = 200
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| affiliation = [[Central Board of Secondary Education]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|8|54|49|N|76|38|06|E|display=inline,title}}
| city = [[Kollam]]
| country = India
| website = https://www.tkmcps.com
}}

'''Thangal Kunju Musaliar Centenary Public School''' ('''TKMCPS''') is a [[coeducational]] [[school]] located in [[Karicode]], in the [[Kundara]] block of the [[Kollam]] district of [[Kerala]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 January 2026 |title=TKM Centenary Public School - Official website |url=https://www.tkmcps.com |url-status=live}}</ref>. Affiliated to the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]], the school offers classes for grades from 1 to 12, and also has primary and kindergarten sections. The school is managed by the [[Thangal Kunju Musaliar]] College Educational Trust, a registered society dedicated to educational initiatives in the region.

== History ==
The school was established in the [[academic year]] 1997-8 in commemoration of the birth centenary of the trust's founder, late Jb. [[Thangal Kunju Musaliar|A Thangal Kunju Musaliar]]-an educationalist, industrialist and philanthropist from Kollam. The school's formal inauguration was held on 12 June 1997 by Jb. Shahal Hassan Musaliar, the President of TKM College Trust<ref name=":0" />. The school has been affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) since 2004, offering education from primary to senior secondary levels under affiliation number 930347, with the current extension valid until 31 March 2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=- SARAS |url=https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/AfflicationDetails/930347 |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=saras.cbse.gov.in}}</ref>. By the 2010s, the institution matured into a well-established co-educational school, building on its foundational years to support comprehensive student growth within the TKM network.

== Location ==
The school is situated on a 3.5-acre (14,164 sq. meters) campus within the TKM College complex in [[Karicode]], a suburb located approx. 5 km away from the center of the historical coastal city of [[Kollam]]. The school's physical infrastructure is spread across four building blocks with a total built-up area of 9,014 square meters, and lies adjacent to the TKM College of Arts & Science, and the [[Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering]].

==Infrastructure and Facilities ==
The school houses 90+ classrooms, 37 of which are equipped with smart class technology. The institution utilizes the TATA Class Edge program for web-based learning and [[Mooc]]. The campus includes a medical and health dispensary, and a canteen facility. The campus provides a 6,000-square-meter playground for outdoor sports and includes facilities for various indoor games. Dedicated spaces are available for performing arts, including dance and music studios, as well as a school auditorium for formal events and assemblies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2026 |title=General information - TKM Centenary Public School |url=https://www.tkmcps.com/general-info/ |url-status=live |website=tkmcps.com}}</ref>

== In the news ==
On 14 August 2014, the school organized a massive national integration event titled 'Samarpan' to mark the 68th [[Independence Day of India]]. Approximately 6,000 students and staff members from various TKM institutions gathered on the school grounds to form a human representation of the [[Indian national flag]]. Participants held colored balloons to create the tricolor pattern and the [[Ashoka Chakra]]. The event was described in media reports as "the first of its kind in the country and the history of CBSE schools"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2014-08-14 |title=6,000 pupils to form part of flag demo {{!}} 6,000 pupils to form part of flag demo |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140814/nation-current-affairs/article/6000-pupils-form-part-flag-demo |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>.

In the same week as the 'Samarpan' event, the school attracted media attention regarding its Independence Day eve celebrations. Reports indicated that the school management decided to exclude the national song, [[Vande Mataram|''Vande Mataram'']], from the program. According to reports by ''The'' ''Indian Express''<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 15, 2014 |title=Kerala school forced to drop ‘Vande Mataram’ as it would hurt religious sentiments |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/kerala-school-forced-to-drop-vande-mataram-as-it-would-hurt-religious-sentiments/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and ''NDTV<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 15, 2014 |title=Kerala School Forced to Drop 'Vande Mataram' from Independence Day Eve Fete |url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/kerala-school-forced-to-drop-vande-mataram-from-independence-day-eve-fete-649334 |url-status=live}}</ref>'', the school management received a letter from the [[Social Democratic Party of India]] (SDPI) requesting the exclusion of the song, claiming it, along with the traditional ''[[Namaste]]'' gesture, allegedly conflicted with the religious beliefs of a section of the community.

While the school principal initially stated that the decision was made to avoid "stressing" the participating students and denied external pressure, SDPI leaders publicly confirmed they had approached the management with the request. The incident sparked protests from various political youth organizations in Kerala. In response to the controversy, the then-[[Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[Oommen Chandy]], ordered a probe into the matter to ascertain the facts<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2014 |title=Kerala CM to order an inquiry into school that dropped Vande Mataram |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/commentary/2014/aug/16/kerala-cm-to-order-an-inquiry-into-school-that-dropped-vande-mataram/b743af7dec4797e51ddb2814a82673c6 |url-status=live |website=Rediff}}</ref>.

The school has been visited by several high-profile dignitaries, including the former President of India, Dr. [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]. During his visit, Dr. Kalam interacted with the students, emphasizing the importance of scientific temper and education.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Schools in Kollam]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Kerala]]

Kazi Nazrul University

2026-05-03T13:45:22Z

3muhammed4:

{{Short description|Public university in Asansol, West Bengal}}
{{about|the university in [[West Bengal]]|the university in [[Bangladesh]]|Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kazi Nazrul University
| image_name = Kazi Nazrul University Logo.png
| image_upright = 0.8
| caption = Official [[Seal (emblem)|seal]] of KNU
| latin_name = Universitas Casiana Nazruliana
| motto = {{lang|sa|Vidyayā'mritamașnute}}
| mottoeng = Wisdom is the path to eternal liberation
| top_free_label = Recognition
| top_free = {{hlist|[[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://knu.ac.in/Upload/Files/Letter_of_Approval-19-20.pdf|title=AICTE Letter of Approval for New Institution 2019-20|date=30 April 2019|website=[[AICTE]]|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301123612/http://knu.ac.in/Upload/Files/Letter_of_Approval-19-20.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|[[Bar Council of India|BCI]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 27, 2019|title=Fresh approval to Department of Law, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal for imparting five year BA LL.B (Hons.) course.|url=https://www.knu.ac.in/uploads/announcementpages/1609344320.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513012302/https://www.knu.ac.in/uploads/announcementpages/1609344320.pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2021|access-date=November 27, 2019|website=[[Bar Council of India]]|location=New Delhi}}</ref>}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|2012|8|16}}
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Establishment of Kazi Nazrul University, West Bengal as a State University|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/storage/app/hei/iiqa/ugcdocuments/108531_5583_1_1605684089.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622020526/https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/storage/app/hei/iiqa/ugcdocuments/108531_5583_1_1605684089.pdf|archive-date=22 June 2021|access-date=18 September 2013|website=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]}}</ref>}}
| budget = {{INRConvert|27.78|c|1|lk=on}} {{small|(2026{{ndash}}27)}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://finance.wb.gov.in/writereaddata/Budget_Publication/2026_bp23_I.pdf|title=Detailed Demands for grants for 2026-27|publisher=[[Government of West Bengal]]|year=2026|pages=188|access-date=19 Feb 2026}}</ref>
| chancellor = [[Governor of West Bengal]]
| vice_chancellor = Uday Bandyopadhyay<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaumik |first=Aaratrika |date=6 Oct 2025 |title=Supreme Court clears deck for appointment of V-Cs to 8 State varsities in Bengal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-clears-deck-for-appointment-of-v-cs-to-8-state-varsities-in-bengal/article70131867.ece |url-status=live |access-date=6 Oct 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] October 06, 2025 11:17 pm IST - [[NEW DELHI]]}}</ref>
| academic_staff = 128 (2023)<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| students = 2,268 (2023)<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2023 |url=https://www.knu.ac.in/uploads/pages/1675160651.pdf|publisher=Kazi Nazrul University}}</ref>
| undergrad = 305 (2023)<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 1,675 (2023)<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 288 (2023)<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| city = [[Asansol]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|23|41|41.09|N|86|59|41.7|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title, inline}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Midsize city]] {{convert|15.6|acre|ha}}
| mascot = [[Torch#Symbolism|Flambeau]] & [[Sitar]]
| free_label1 = Acronym
| free1 = KNU
| website = {{Official URL}}
| logo = Kazi Nazrul University Wardmark logo.svg
|}}

'''Kazi Nazrul University''' ([[Abbreviation|abbr.]] '''KNU''') ({{IPA|bn|kazi nodzrul biʃːobidːalɔe̯}}) is a [[Public university|public]] [[State university (India)|state]] [[research university]] located in [[Asansol]], [[West Bengal]], India.<ref name="statesman">{{cite news|title=Private education Bill passed amidst Opposition walkout|url=http://thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415836&catid=42|access-date=7 July 2012|newspaper=The Statesman|date=6 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220042108/http://thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415836&catid=42|archive-date=20 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bill passed to set up private varsity|url=http://www.asianage.com/kolkata/bill-passed-set-private-varsity-653|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211054143/http://www.asianage.com/kolkata/bill-passed-set-private-varsity-653|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 December 2017|access-date=7 July 2012|newspaper=Asian Age|date=7 July 2012}}</ref> [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Chief Minister]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] laid the foundation stone on 10 January 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Debajyoti |date=7 Jan 2013 |title=Chief minister Mamata Banerjee may announce new district on Asansol trip |work=[[The Times of India]] Jan 7, 2013, 02:47 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-may-announce-new-district-on-asansol-trip/articleshow/17918229.cms |url-status=live |access-date=7 Jan 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802011353/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Chief-minister-Mamata-Banerjee-may-announce-new-district-on-Asansol-trip/articleshow/17918229.cms |archive-date=2 Aug 2023}}</ref> The university has been named after the Bengali poet [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]. The university was established under the Kazi Nazrul University Act, 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2012 |title=The Kazi Nazrul University Act, 2012 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/14275/1/2012-19.pdf |access-date=August 16, 2012 |website=indiacode.nic.in}}</ref> Anuradha Mukherjee was appointed as the first vice-chancellor of the university.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 Nov 2012 |title=Anuradha Mukherjee appointed as new vice-chancellor of Kazi Nazrul Islam University |work=[[The Times of India]] Nov 24, 2012, 05:53 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/anuradha-mukherjee-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-kazi-nazrul-islam-university/articleshow/17344503.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 Nov 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105065420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/anuradha-mukherjee-appointed-as-new-vice-chancellor-of-kazi-nazrul-islam-university/articleshow/17344503.cms |archive-date=5 Jan 2017}}</ref>
In May 2018, the university hosted a special [[convocation]] marking the poet's 119th birth anniversary.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 26, 2018|title=Hasina conferred honorary D.Litt by Kazi Nazrul University|work=[[Business Standard]] 17:35 IST|agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]|location=Asansol|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/hasina-conferred-honorary-d-litt-by-kazi-nazrul-university-118052600332_1.html|access-date=May 26, 2018}}</ref>

== Organisation and administration ==
=== Governance ===
[[File:Kazi Nazrul University 2024.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol Gate-1]]
Established in 2012, Kazi Nazrul University (KNU) in Asansol functions through a structured governance framework designed to uphold academic integrity and administrative transparency. Named after the Rebel Poet, the university operates under the '''West Bengal University Laws''', ensuring a balanced distribution of power between its internal bodies.
The '''Executive Council''' serves as the principal administrative authority, overseeing fiscal management and policy implementation. Complementing this, the '''University Court''' acts as a supervisory body, while the [[Academic council|Academic Council]] safeguards the curriculum's rigor. Through these collaborative organs, KNU maintains its commitment to fostering higher education while navigating the complexities of regional institutional growth.
{| class="infobox" style="width:22em;"
! style="white-space: nowrap; background:#c32f27; text-align:center;color:white;padding:.2em;"| List of All Vice-Chancellors
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* '''Anuradha Mukherjee''', 2012–2014
* '''Sajal Kumar Bhattacharya''', 2014–2015
* '''Sadhan Chakrabarti''', 2015–2023
* '''Debashis Bandyopadhyay''' ''(acting)'', 2023–2024
* '''Uday Bandyopadhyay''', 2025–present
|}
In October 2025 [[Governor of West Bengal]], as chancellor of universities, appointed Uday Bandyopadhyay as vice chancellor of the university.

=== Jurisdiction ===
Established in 2012, Kazi Nazrul University (KNU) serves as a pivotal institution for higher education in the [[Paschim Bardhaman]] district of West Bengal. Named after the visionary "Rebel Poet," the university’s jurisdiction primarily encompasses the [[Asansol]] and [[Durgapur]] subdivisions.
As an affiliating university, KNU oversees a diverse network of government-aided and private colleges within this industrial belt. Its administrative reach ensures standardized curricula and examination protocols for various undergraduate and postgraduate programs. By focusing on this specific geographical corridor, the university addresses the unique educational needs of the region's urban and rural populations, fostering academic growth and professional development across the coalfield area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knu.ac.in/get-page-details-category/8|title=Affiliated Colleges of the Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol|website=knu.ac.in}}</ref>
{{Main|Template:Kazi Nazrul University}}

=== Faculties ===
Kazi Nazrul University has 19 departments organized into four faculty councils.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knu.ac.in/|title=Kazi Nazrul University :: Asansol :: West Bengal|website=knu.ac.in}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
! scope="col" style="background: #c32f27; color: white;" | Faculty Council
! scope="col" style="background: #c32f27; color: white;" | Departments
|-
| '''PG Studies in Arts, Fine Arts, Performing Arts and Traditional Art Forms''' ||
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Urdu]]
* [[Education]]
* [[History]]
* [[Philosophy|Phyilosophy]]
* [[Political science|Political Sciences]]
* [[Sanskrit]]
* [[Nazrul Sangeet]]
|-
| '''PG Studies in Commerce and Management''' ||
* [[Commerce]]
|-
| '''PG Studies in Law, Education, Journalism and Mass Communication, Library Science and Physical Education''' ||
* [[Law]]
|-
| '''PG Studies in Science, Technology and Vocational Studies''' ||
* [[Animal science|Animal Science]]
* [[Applied psychology|Applied Psychology]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Computer science|Computer Science]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Physics]]
* [[Mining engineering|Mining Engineering]]
* [[Metallurgical Engineering]]
* [[Allied Health Sciences|Allied Health Science and Technology]]
|}

=== Schools ===
* '''School of Health Science and Technology'''
*'''School of Management'''
*'''School of Mines And Metallurgy'''

In 2016, a significant milestone in West Bengal’s educational landscape was reached when Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee approved the establishment of the Institute for Mines, Minerals and Metallurgic Sciences. Situated in Asansol under the jurisdiction of Kazi Nazrul University, the institute was designed to address the industrial demands of the mineral-rich region.
The government allotted a dedicated seven-acre plot to develop a modern campus. Today, the institute provides a comprehensive academic pipeline, offering programs ranging from Diploma and B.Tech. to M.Sc. and PhD levels. This initiative serves as a pivotal hub for technical research and professional training in metallurgy and mining.<ref>{{Cite news|title=West Bengal set for mining institute in Asansol|work=[[The Times of India]] Nov 3, 2016, 04.12 AM IST|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-set-for-mining-institute-in-Asansol/articleshow/55215450.cms|url-status=live|access-date=8 Aug 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109144438/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-set-for-mining-institute-in-Asansol/articleshow/55215450.cms|archive-date=9 November 2016}}</ref> The School of Mines and Metallurgy consists of the Department Of Mining Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering and Computer Science and Engineering ([[Data science|Data Science]]).

=== Centres ===

{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; background:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0; margin:auto;"
|+ style="font-size: 100%" | '''Centre For Studies'''
|- style="vertical-align:top; font-size:90%;"
|
*Centre For Organic Spintronics And Optoelectronics Devices(COSOD)
*Centre for Studies In Clinical Psychology
*Centre for Counselling & Positive Psychology
*Centre for Entrepreneurship and Skill Development
|
*Centre for Studies in History of society and Culture
*Centre for Studies of South & South-East Asian Societies
*Centre for Studies in Ethics & Socio-Political Philosophy
*Centre for Theatre Studies & Performance
|
*Centre for Critical Social Inquiry
*Nazrul Centre for Social & Cultural Studies<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 Nov 2023 |title=Kazi Nazrul varsity sets up centre for cultural studies |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/kazi-nazrul-varsity-sets-up-centre-for-cultural-studies-1503245270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130055719/https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/kazi-nazrul-varsity-sets-up-centre-for-cultural-studies-1503245270.html |archive-date=30 Nov 2023 |access-date=30 Nov 2023 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] {{!}} SNS {{!}} Kolkata {{!}} November 30, 2023 9:00 am}}</ref>
*Centre for IoT and AI Integration with Education Industry Agriculture

|}

==Academics==
=== Admission ===
* '''For UG & PG''': Good marks in the higher secondary (10+2) and graduation (10+2+3) levels are necessary for admission in the undergraduate and postgraduate courses offered by the university.
* '''For B.Tech''': Admission through Centralized Counselling based on [[West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination|'''WBJEE''']] rank conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board and time to time notification issued by Department of Higher Education, Govt. of West Bengal. also students can admitted through '''Joint Entrance for Lateral Entry (JELET)''' exam conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board in lateral entry in 2nd year (3rd semester) of the four-year course of bachelor's degree in technology.
* '''For MCA''': Admission through Centralized Counselling based on '''JECA''' rank conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board in 2 years of Master of Computer Application (MCA) course.

=== Research ===
In May 2015 Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced a Nazrul Research Centre would be established at the university, it's been a long pending demand from poet's family.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborty |first=Debajyoti |date=11 May 2015 |title=Nazrul research centre in Asansol |work=[[The Times of India]] May 11, 2015, 04:33 IST |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nazrul-research-centre-in-asansol/articleshow/47227722.cms |url-status=live |access-date=11 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108202718/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nazrul-research-centre-in-asansol/articleshow/47227722.cms |archive-date=8 Nov 2020}}</ref>
University has fortified its international academic standing by entering into a formal MoU with [[Taylor's University]], [[Malaysia]]. This strategic alliance is designed to catalyze high-impact collaborative research and facilitate robust faculty exchange programs. By integrating the unique intellectual resources of both institutions, the partnership seeks to cultivate a globalized learning environment, driving innovation and academic excellence across [[South Asia|South Asian]] and [[Southeast Asia|Southeast Asian]] borders.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakraborti |first=Debajyoti |date=11 Dec 2023 |title=KNU of Asansol inks MoU with top Malaysian University for research and faculty exchange |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/education/knu-of-asansol-inks-mou-with-top-malaysian-university-for-research-and-faculty-exchange-1503248737.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211051853/https://www.thestatesman.com/education/knu-of-asansol-inks-mou-with-top-malaysian-university-for-research-and-faculty-exchange-1503248737.html |archive-date=11 December 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] December 11, 2023 8:45 am |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>

=== Libraries ===
The Central Library of Kazi Nazrul University was established in 2013. It is located in a convenient place on the ground floor of the Vidyacharya Building. The books are classified according to the [[Dewey Decimal Classification]]. All books are barcoded. Students of affiliated colleges are also be able to enter the central library. The collection of books includes documents on a wide range of topics, including Bengali literature, English literature, pure science, art, history and social sciences, and language. The university library has a valuable collection of more than 20,000 books.<ref>{{cite web |title=Central Library |url=https://www.knu.ac.in/get-page-details-sub-category-item/library/central-library/121#Collections |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>

Preserving the "Rebel Poet’s" legacy, institution has secured [[British Library]] grants to digitize rare [[Manuscript|manuscripts]] and [[shellac records]]. This initiative archives 1,200 pages of personal diaries and thousands of vintage recordings, offering scholars unprecedented access to Nazrul Islam’s creative process and domestic life. The project ensures these fragile historical artifacts survive for future academic exploration.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Sudeshna |date=18 April 2024 |title=arsity in Asansol to digitise Kazi Nazrul Islam's manuscripts and shellac records |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/varsity-in-asansol-to-digitise-kazi-nazrul-islams-manuscripts-and-shellac-records/cid/2020577 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] {{!}} Calcutta {{!}} 18.05.24, 06:43 AM}}</ref>

=== Publishing ===
Kazi Nazrul University has inaugurated a scholarly journal dedicated to the profound legacy of the "Rebel Poet." This academic initiative aims to institutionalize Nazrul studies, offering a platform for critical discourse on his literary, musical, and socio-political contributions. By fostering rigorous research, the university strengthens the preservation and global understanding of Nazrul’s revolutionary spirit and cultural heritage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 31, 2022 |title=Nazrul Journal published by Kazi Nazrul University |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] August 31, 2022 4:32 pm IST |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/nazrul-journal-published-kazi-nazrul-university-1503106216.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702014405/https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/nazrul-journal-published-kazi-nazrul-university-1503106216.html |archive-date=Jul 2, 2023}}</ref>

=== Rankings ===
Kazi Nazrul University was ranked 65th among the academic institutions in India by the [[Nature Index]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 Mar 2023 |title=2023 tables: Institutions |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2023/institution/all/all/countries-India |access-date=31 Mar 2023 |website=[[Nature Index]]}}</ref>

=== Accreditation and recognition ===
In July 2019, the university was given membership of the [[Association of Indian Universities]].<ref name="Ei_Samay_Sangbadpatra">{{Cite news |date=12 Jul 2019 |title=University Approved Kazi Nazrul University (250-300) |work=[[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra]] 12 Jul 2019, 9:00 am IST |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/university-approved-kazi-nazrul-university-250-300/articleshow/70181648.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 Jul 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802143001/https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/university-approved-kazi-nazrul-university-250-300/articleshow/70181648.cms |archive-date=2 Aug 2023}}</ref>

The [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (U.G.C.) accorded recognition to the university in accordance with Section '''12B''' of the U.G.C. Act, in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 June 2019|title=Proposal for 12-B Status.|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/storage/app/hei/iiqa/ugcdocuments/108531_5583_2_1605683988.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622021113/https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/storage/app/hei/iiqa/ugcdocuments/108531_5583_2_1605683988.pdf|archive-date=22 June 2021|access-date=27 June 2019|website=[[University Grants Commission (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/State%20University%2012(B).pdf|website=ugc.ac.in|title= University Grants Commission, 12B list}}</ref>

In September 2021, the university has been awarded Grade '''B''' with a CGPA of '''2.1''' by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]].<ref name=NAAC>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2021|title=NAAC Accreditation Grade Sheet|url=https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/grade_sheet_rpt/eyJpdiI6Ilcrd1BtK1Z5RkoxYkFaY0IwZ3VTeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMVFjZGtEWExQTWROMElrNFRNRXErQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZTlhYzM5OTBiZGEzMTFiZGM1ZWVmZWVkNzM0MzYxYmMyMTIwMWZjNjI0ODhjNjAyZmNlODZlZjBhMmI0MGIwNyJ9|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030122430/https://assessmentonline.naac.gov.in/public/index.php/grade_sheet_rpt/eyJpdiI6Ilcrd1BtK1Z5RkoxYkFaY0IwZ3VTeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMVFjZGtEWExQTWROMElrNFRNRXErQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZTlhYzM5OTBiZGEzMTFiZGM1ZWVmZWVkNzM0MzYxYmMyMTIwMWZjNjI0ODhjNjAyZmNlODZlZjBhMmI0MGIwNyJ9|archive-date=30 Oct 2021|access-date=7 September 2021|website=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]}}</ref>

==Controversies==
The university suddenly suspended giving the Nazrul award, and in 2022 the state body discontinued the award in the poet's name.<ref>{{Cite news |last=SIDDIQUI |first=KANCHAN |date=25 May 2022 |title=As university takes care of Nazrul fair, award on the poet stopped |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] May 25, 2022 5:38 pm |publication-place=CHURULIA |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/university-takes-care-nazrul-fair-award-poet-stopped-1503075331.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531140125/https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/university-takes-care-nazrul-fair-award-poet-stopped-1503075331.html |archive-date=31 May 2022}}</ref>

In May 2023, a teacher was accused of raping a Bangladeshi student on the promise of marriage. The victim student made this allegation against a professor of the Bengali department of the same university. The female student from [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]], Bangladesh, is a postgraduate student of the university's Bengali department. A few months ago, the woman student informed the university authorities and Asansol Women Police Station about the incident. Though several days passed, there was no resolution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2023 |title=B'deshi student alleges rape by varsity teacher; WB women's panel takes cognisance |work=[[Press Trust of India]] May 15, 2023 4:39PM |url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/national/b%E2%80%99deshi-student-alleges-rape-by-varsity-teacher-wb-women%E2%80%99s-panel-takes-cognisance/570624.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802135302/https://www.ptinews.com/news/national/b%E2%80%99deshi-student-alleges-rape-by-varsity-teacher-wb-women%E2%80%99s-panel-takes-cognisance/570624.html |archive-date=2 August 2023 }}</ref>
The victim then approached the Bangladesh Deputy High Commission at Kolkata in the hope of justice. She also filed a written complaint against the professor at Durgapur Women's Police Station on 10 May. The girl also lodged a complaint with the state women's commission. Based on that complaint, the Women's Commission launched an investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 2023 |title='Death threat' to Bangladeshi student: WB women's body takes note of allegations |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] May 15, 2023 07:51 PM |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/asia/india/news/death-threat-bangladeshi-student-wb-womens-body-takes-note-allegations-3320856 |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616152959/https://www.thedailystar.net/news/asia/india/news/death-threat-bangladeshi-student-wb-womens-body-takes-note-allegations-3320856 |archive-date=16 June 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of universities in India]]
* [[Universities and colleges of West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.knu.ac.in// Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401171349/https://www.knu.ac.in/ |date=1 April 2022 }}
{{Portal bar|India|Education}}

{{Kazi Nazrul University}}
{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Kazi Nazrul University| ]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Education in Asansol]]
[[Category:Memorials to Kazi Nazrul Islam]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in West Bengal]]

Nikhil Wagle

2026-04-30T00:41:46Z

3muhammed4: starting new details

{{Short description|Indian journalist (born 1959)}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikhil Wagle
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|4|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Journalist, author, editor
| years_active = 1977 onwards
| spouse = Meena Karnik
| children = 1
}}

'''Nikhil Wagle''' (born 23 April 1959) is an Indian journalist, columnist and author from [[Maharashtra]].{{cn|date=October 2024}}

==Career==

=== Print media ===

Nikhil Wagle started his media career in 1977 as a freelance reporter. He later joined ''Dinank'', a Marathi newsweekly, in Mumbai. In 1979, when the editor of ''Dinank'' resigned, the publisher asked 19-year-old Wagle to become the [[managing editor]]. Wagle later became the editor-in-chief of ''Dinank''. Subsequently, he went to [[Pune]], and joined [[Kirloskar Group]], which owned a couple of magazines at that time. However, within one month, he quit his new job and came back to Mumbai.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

In 1982, he started his own publishing house and started a new magazine called ''Akshar''. In 1983, he started a sports magazine ''Shatkar'' with [[Sandeep Patil]] as editor. In 1985, he started a film magazine ''Chanderi'', which was first edited by [[Rohini Hattangadi]] and then by [[Gautam Rajadhyaksha]]. He also published some [[Gujarati language]] magazines.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

In 1990, he established the Marathi and Hindi newspaper ''[[Mahanagar (newspaper)|Mahanagar]]''.{{cn|date=October 2024}} He also served as the editor of the Marathi version of the newspaper (''Aapla Mahanagar''). He became a noted critic of the political party [[Shiv Sena]] and its chief [[Bal Thackeray]]. For this reason, his office was attacked by the party's supporters' multiple times, beginning in 1991.<ref name="frontline_targeting">{{cite news |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30224626.ece |title=Targeting journalists |last=Katakam |first=Anupama |work=Frontline (Volume 21 - Issue 19, Sept. 11 - 24, 2004) |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=19 March 2013}}</ref>

In 1994, he criticized the Maharashtra legislators for paying fawning tributes to a deceased [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] accused of having criminal connections. When he refused to apologize to the legislators for the critical comments, he was imprisoned for a week.{{cn|date=October 2024}} In August 2004, the Shiv Sena supporters beat him up and blackened his face with engine oil for being critical of the party leader [[Narayan Rane]] (who later joined Indian National Congress).<ref name="frontline_targeting"/>

Wagle also brought out more than 80 books in the capacity of a publisher.

=== TV ===

Wagle started anchoring in 1989. After doing shows for [[Doordarshan]], he turned a socio-political commentator and worked in Various private channels. He was also the anchor of the talk show ''Amne Samne''.

In mid-2000s, Wagle joined the [[Network 18]] group. He became the editor-in-chief of [[IBN-Lokmat|IBN Lokmat]], a Marathi news channel. He hosted the show ''Aajcha Sawal''. He resigned in July 2014.<ref name="indiantelevision_quits">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/nikhil-wagle-quits-ibn-lokmat-140721 |title=Nikhil Wagle quits IBN Lokmat |access-date=11 August 2014 |archive-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729134419/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/nikhil-wagle-quits-ibn-lokmat-140721 |url-status=live }}</ref> He received the ''Sanskriti Award'' as a member of the IBN-Lokmat editorial team.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Soon after leaving IBN-Lokmat Wagle joined Maharashtra 1 new channel as the editor in chief. Many coworkers of Wagle left the network with him to join [[Maharashtra1]] news channel.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} He carried his Marathi talk show Aajacha Sawal to Maaharashtra 1. In November 2016, he resigned from Maharashtra1.<ref name="Nikhil Wagle exits Maharashtra One">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/nikhil-wagle-exits-maharashtra-one-161121|title=Nikhil Wagle exits 'Maharashtra One'|date=21 November 2016}}</ref>

===YouTube ===
Since Dec 2022, he runs a YouTube channel named [https://www.youtube.com/@nikhilwagleoriginal/featured Nikhil Wagle Original], where his videos reacting to current affairs often go viral.

== Attack on Wagle ==
On February 09, 2024, Nikhil Wagle's car was attacked by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] workers with the chants of [[Jai Shri Ram|Jai Shri Ram's]] slogans<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Wagle Attacked: NCP's Supriya Sule Tears Into BJP, Says 'Journalist's Female Colleagues Abused' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/nikhil-wagle-attacked-ncps-supriya-sule-tears-into-bjp-says-journalists-female-colleagues-abused |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> for his remarks on Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=TV9 |date=2024-02-09 |title=पुण्यात भाजप कार्यकर्त्यांनी निखिल वागळे यांची गाडी फोडली, नेमकं काय घडतंय? |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/maharashtra/pune/bjp-party-workers-attack-on-nikhil-wagle-car-1137065.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

==Personal==
Nikhil Wagle is married to Meena Karnik, who is also a journalist<ref name="Virani2000">{{cite book |author=Pinki Virani |title=Bitter Chocolate. Pinki Virani: Child Sexual Abuse in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEw6n96bjW4C&pg=PR7 |access-date=20 March 2013 |year=2000 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-029897-0 |page=7}}</ref> and media cell convener of [[Aam Aadmi Party]]{{cn|date=October 2024}} He is an atheist.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wagle, Nikhil}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Journalists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Indian mass media owners]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Swarana Kanta Sharma

2026-04-25T09:33:16Z

3muhammed4: added basic bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Judge of the High Court of Delhi}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Swarana Kanta Sharma
| image = Swarana Kanta Sharma.jpg
| caption = Official portrait
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Delhi High Court]]
| term_start = 28 March 2022
| term_end =
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[N. V. Ramana]]
| office1 = [[Judge]]-cum-Special Judge (CBI) at [[Rouse Avenue Court]]
| term_start1 = November 2019
| term_end1 = March 2022
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| alma_mater = *[[University of Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A. (Hons.)]],[[LL.B.]],[[ LL.M.]]) 
*[[Commonwealth Education Trust]] ([[PhD]])
| occupation = [[Judge]]
| profession = Law
| honorific_prefix =
}}

'''Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-15 |title=Who is Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma? Kejriwal moves SC, seeking to remove Delhi HC judge from excise case {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/who-is-justice-swarana-kanta-sharma-kejriwal-moves-sc-seeking-to-remove-delhi-hc-judge-from-excise-case-11773592337158.html |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-15 |title=अरविंद केजरीवाल और जस्टिस स्वर्ण कांता शर्मा से जुड़ा पूरा मामला क्या है? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cgmeev7enezo |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> is a judge of the [[Delhi High Court]], in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma {{!}} Welcome To Delhi High Court |url=https://delhihighcourt.nic.in/web/Judges/dr-justice-swarana-kanta-sharma#:~:text=Swarana%20Kanta%20Sharma-,Dr.,settled%20many%20cases%20through%20mediation. |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=delhihighcourt.nic.in}}</ref> She was elevated to the bench on 28 March 2022. She is recognized for her extensive judicial career, starting as a Magistrate at age 24 and becoming a Sessions Judge by age 35.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/setting-aside-lower-court-order-not-a-comment-on-judges-integrity-hc/article70744594.ece#:~:text=Emphasising%20that%20appellate%20scrutiny%20is,the%20judge%20who%20passed%20it. |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/consensual-adult-ties-cannot-later-be-termed-rape-says-delhi-hc/article70045660.ece/amp/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=कौन हैं जस्टिस स्वर्णकांता शर्मा? जिन्होंने CM केजरीवाल की गिरफ्तारी को ठहराया वैध |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan/national/who-is-justice-swarnakanta-sharma-who-justified-arrest-of-cm-arvind-kejriwal-in-delhi-liquor-related-case/2196635 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-13 |title=‘Somebody asked me to recuse for first time in my life’: Justice Swarana Kanta Sharma reserves order in recusal plea |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/legal-news/arvind-kejriwal-hearing-live-updates-delhi-high-court-to-hear-recusal-plea-10633726/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-appears-before-justice-sharma-in-delhi-hc-seeks-her-recusal/article70858376.ece/amp/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Education==
Sharma holds an LL.B. from Delhi University (1991), an LL.M. (2004), and a Ph.D. in Judicial Education (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/two-new-judges-sworn-in-at-delhi-hc-strength-rises-to-35/article65267567.ece |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETLegalWorld.com |title=Two female judges take oath of office in Delhi HC, strength rises to 35 |url=https://legal.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/two-female-judges-take-oath-of-office-in-delhi-hc-strength-rises-to-35/90489717 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=ETLegalWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.cdjlawjournal.com/judge-profile1.php?id=1712&cid=4#reasult Profile at CDJ Law Journal]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Swarana Kanta}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

[[Category:Judges of the Delhi High Court]]

[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Anil Kumar Gain

2026-04-23T07:11:09Z

3muhammed4: add page further and improved wording as per guidelines

{{short description|Indian mathematician and statistician (1919-1978)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anil Kumar Gain
| honorific_suffix = [[FRSS]], [[Fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society|FCPS]]
| image = Anil Kumar Gain.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|2|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Purba Medinipur|Lakkhi]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], India)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Guha |first1=Abhijit |title=Forgotten Founder of a University |url=http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |website=Frontier Weekly |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001170647/http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |archive-date=1 October 2012 }}</ref>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1978|2|7|1919|2|1|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| module = {{Infobox scientist
|embed = yes
|field = Mathematics and Statistics
|work_institution = [[University of Cambridge]] [[University of Calcutta]] [[Presidency College, Calcutta]]/[[Rajabazar Science College]] [[Indian Statistical Institute]] [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]
|alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[Rajabazar Science College]] ([[University of Calcutta]])
* [[University of Cambridge]]
}}
|doctoral_advisor = [[Henry Ellis Daniels]]
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient]] [[Vidyasagar University]]
|prizes = [[Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society|FRSS]] [[Cambridge Philosophical Society|FCPS]]
|footnotes =
}}
}}

'''Anil Kumar Gain''' [[Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society|FRSS]] [[Cambridge Philosophical Society|FCPS]] (1 February 1919 – 7 February 1978) (also spelt '''Anil Kumar Gayen''') was an [[Indian people|Indian]] mathematician and statistician who is best known for his works on the [[Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient]] in the field of [[applied statistics]], with his colleague [[Ronald Fisher]]. He received his Ph.D. from the [[University of Cambridge]] under the supervision of [[Henry Ellis Daniels]], who was the then President of the [[Royal Statistical Society]]. He was honoured as a [[Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society]] and the [[Cambridge Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Founder of the University|url=http://vidyasagar.ac.in/About/AKGayen.aspx|website=Vidyasagar University}}</ref>

Gain was the president of the statistics section of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]], as well as the head of the Department of Mathematics at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]. He later went on to found [[Vidyasagar University]], naming it after the famous social reformer of the [[Bengali Renaissance]], [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Deceased Fellow |url=http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N660257 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090521/http://insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N660257 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-05-18 |website=Indian National Science Academy }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Anil Kumar Gain was born in a poor [[Bengali people|Bengali]] [[Mahishya]] family of a village named Lakkhi in [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], to Jibankrishna Gain and Panchami Devi.<ref name=":0" /> His father having died in his childhood, he and his siblings were brought up by his widowed mother under economic hardship. He started his education in an informal local school and was admitted to a formal school when he was eight. In his schooldays, he showed particular interest in [[English language|English]] and [[mathematics]], subjects he was primarily taught by his mother. Upon finishing school, he travelled to [[Kolkata]] to study mathematics from [[Surendranath College]], followed by a master's degree in [[applied mathematics]] from the [[Rajabazar Science College]], [[University of Calcutta]]. He was declared the University Gold Medalist for the year 1943.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Guha |first1=Abhijit |title=Forgotten Founder of a University |url=http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |website=Frontier Weekly |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001170647/http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |archive-date=1 October 2012 }}</ref>

== Career ==
After briefly teaching at [[Presidency College, Calcutta|Presidency College]] and [[IIEST Shibpur|Bengal Engineering College]], Gain married Krishna Chongdar, the daughter of a famous and wealthy Bengali businessman. He travelled to [[England]] in 1947, to pursue his Ph.D. from the [[University of Cambridge]] in [[mathematical statistics]] – only to complete it in the year 1950. It was there that he met the famous [[Henry Ellis Daniels]], under whose supervision he wrote most of his papers. He also befriended [[Sir Ronald Fisher]] there, and spent much of his time working with him in the field of applied statistics.

After returning to India, he started teaching at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] as well as the [[University of Calcutta]], and finally joined the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]], where he spent most of his remaining career. During his years at Kharagpur, he began to work on educational projects such as the [[NCERT|National Council for Educational Research and Training (NCERT)]] to reform the education sector in Bengal. This interest in revolutionizing education eventually led to the inception of Vidyasagar University,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/6896647|title = Vidyasagar University: Its Objectives and Character by B.C.Mukherjee|journal = Short Communication|date = August 1987|last1 = Guha|first1 = Abhijit}}</ref> which he founded with the vision of having a non-traditional teaching and learning environment at the University level.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/7375855|title = Vidyasagar viswavidyalayer bismrita prothistata|date = April 2013|last1 = Guha|first1 = Abhijit}}</ref> The university was finally established by the [[University Grants Commission (India)]] under the Vidyasagar University Act of 1981.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Guha |first1=Abhijit |title=Forgotten Founder of a University |url=http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |website=Frontier Weekly |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001170647/http://www.frontierweekly.com/articles/vol-45/45-9/45-9-A%20Forgotten%20Founder%20of%20a%20University.html |archive-date=1 October 2012 }}</ref>

== Legacy and death ==

Due to his efforts to revolutionise education in Bengal, he became a key figure in the latter half of the [[Bengali Renaissance]], as well as a renowned scholar and academic. In 2012, Vidyasagar University announced the establishment of the ''Anil Kumar Gain Memorial Lecture'', in honour of his contributions to the university, and to Bengal as a whole.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Guha|first1=Abhijit|title=Foundation of Vidyasagar University|journal=Academia.edu|date=April 2013|url=https://www.academia.edu/7375855}}</ref> On 1 February 2019, Dr.Abhijit Guha, Former Professor of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University delivered the Anil Gayen Birth Centenary Memorial Lecture.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/38426101|title = News_ items_Statesman_A_K_Gayen_Birth_Centenary_Lecture(PDF).PDF|journal = Vu Celebrates Birth Centenary of Its Founder|last1 = Guha|first1 = Abhijit|date = January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/38253453|title=Invitation_card_A.K._Gayen_Memorial_Lecture.PDF|journal=Invitation Card|last1=Guha|first1=Abhijit|date=January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/38426077|title = ANIL KUMAR GAYEN BIRTH CENTENARY MEMORIAL LECTURE .PDF|journal = Abstract|last1 = Guha|first1 = Abhijit|date = January 2019}}</ref> An elaborate version of the lecture was published in South Asian Anthropologist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354103974 |title=A Relook into the Mission of the Man Behind Vidyasagar University: An Autoethnography |date=August 2021 |first=Abhijit |last=Guha |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref>

He died a week after his birthday, on 7 February 1978, of natural causes at his residence in Kolkata, India. His descendants still live in Kolkata, as well as abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/anil_kumar_gain-profile-9296-28.htm|title=Anil Kumar Gain|website=veethi.com|access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gain, Anil Kumar}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Statistical Society]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Surendranath College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Bengali mathematicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Vidyasagar University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian statisticians]]

Tamil television drama

2026-04-23T02:55:09Z

3muhammed4: added basic pg v1

{{Short description|Indian television genre}}
{{Original research|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}

'''Tamil television drama''' or '''Tamil serials''' are a genre of [[Television in Tamil language|Tamil]]-language television.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://livetvchannelsfree.com/tamiltv.html|title=Lit of Tamil language Channels|publisher=livetvchannelsfree.com}}</ref> The television series industry has played a pivotal role in increasing Tamil popularity in [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Tamil diaspora]]. They are also broadcast in other parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and North America.

Tamil's first television weekly drama, ''Oru Manithanin Kathai'', aired on DD1 on 1986 and consisted of 13 weeks. ''[[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]'' (2003–2009) was the first Tamil TV drama to cross 1,000 episodes and concluded with 1,297 episodes. ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'' (2003–2009) was the first Tamil serial to cross 1,500 and ''Chandralekha'' (2014–2022) was the first Tamil serial to cross 2,000 and concluded with 2315 episodes.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Longest Running Tamil Television Series - Over 1000 Episodes|url=https://m.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/list-of-longest-running-tamil-television-series/anandham.html|website=m.behindwoods.com|date=20 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Mayavi (TV series)|Mayavi]]'', It was the first Indian & Asian [[3-D film|3D]] series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/tv/india%E2%80%99s-first-3d-tv-serial-%E2%80%98mayavi%E2%80%99-debuts-on-jaya-tv_23037.html|title=India's first 3D TV serial, 'Mayavi' debuts on Jaya TV|publisher=exchange4media.com|access-date=7 October 2006}}</ref> ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]'', This serial on 5 March 2014 achieved the feat of being the first TV drama in Indian and Tamil television to be aired live. This was done to commemorate the show's 1000th Episode on 5 March 2014. By airing a 23-minutes 25seconds long live telecast in a single shot, the TV drama has earned a place in the [[Guinness World Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sounds-of-celebration/article5818799.ece/|title = Sounds of celebration|date = 22 March 2014|access-date = 6 April 2015|work = [[The Hindu]]|last = Naig|first = Udhav}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/33079/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Nathaswaram-Gopi-wins-guiness-award-for-best-villan-actor.htm|title= Gopi wins Guinness award for best villain|language=ta|website= [[Dinamalar]]|date= 14 June 2015}}</ref> ''[[Marmadesam]]'', was an extremely successful tele-serial. It was ranked first in viewership among the television programmes telecast from [[Chennai]] in 1997.<ref name="asiatelevisionp115">{{cite book|title=Imagi-nations and borderless television: media, culture and politics across Asia|author=Amos Owen Thomas|year=2005|publisher=SAGE|pages=115|isbn=0761933956}}</ref> ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]'', It holds the credit of most watched [[Regional languages in India|regional Language]] television program in India ever.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30/9/2001&endperiod=6/10/2001 |title=TAM's top 10 in Cable & Satellite homes |publisher=Indiantelevision.com |access-date=6 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035514/https://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30%2F9%2F2001&endperiod=6%2F10%2F2001 |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref>

==History==
Tamil language series are chiefly produced in [[Chennai]], following the liberalization of private television in India in the 1990s. The first [[Tamil language]]s TV show was [[Oliyum Oliyum]]. It was movie song compilation program on television popular during the 1980s.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UZLDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22oliyum+oliyum%22+new+indian+express&pg=PA27 | title=Social Media in South India | isbn=9781911307921 | last1=Venkatraman | first1=Shriram | date=9 June 2017| publisher=UCL Press }}</ref>

Tamil's first television weekly drama, Oru Manithanin Kathai, itself based on Sivasankari's novel [[Oru Manithanin Kathai|by the same name]]. It was aired on DD1 on 1986 and consisted of 13 weeks and starred [[Raghuvaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=21 March 2008 |title=Farewell, Raghuvaran! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/21raghu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407153429/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/21raghu.htm |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=7 April 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=21 May 2001 |title='Unfortunately, we tend to condemn alcoholics' |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/21spec2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407153702/https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/may/21spec2.htm |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=7 April 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The first mega serial, Shakthi was aired in Sun TV on 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnUrrPWlTRo|title=நாங்க ஒன்னு சேந்தாலே ரகளை தான்🤣 - Fun Podcast With Kamalesh|date=5 January 2026 |via=www.youtube.com|time=15:04}}</ref>

==Format==
{{Main|Television in Tamil language}}

===Tamil Nadu===
{{See also|List of Tamil-language television channels in India}}
[[Television in Tamil language|Tamil television]] serials are usually helmed by one director, written by one screenwriter, thus having a distinct directing style and language, unlike American television series, where often several directors and writers work together.{{sfn|Chosun Ilbo|2007}} Series are likely to have only one season, with 1–500 or 1–1000 episodes. Mini series may be longer, with 100 to 200 episodes, but they also run for only one season.

The broadcast time for flagship dramas is 12 pm - 3 pm to 6 pm - 11 pm, with episodes on 5 to 6 consecutive nights : Monday–Friday or Monday–Saturday and weekends. Different dramas appear on each of the nationwide networks, [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sun-tv-network-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-17994.cms|title=Sun TV history|publisher=Economic Times|access-date=28 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2009/1130/india-richest-09-maran-sun-television-strong-signal.html |title=Strong Signal |work=Forbes |date=30 November 2009 |access-date=8 August 2010 |first=Naazneen |last=Karmali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/corrective-steps-ipl-revenue-make-sun-tv-a-long-term-bet/articleshow/60457065.cms|title=Sun TV|work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> [[Zee Tamil]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hotstar.com/channels/star-vijay|title=Vijay TV|publisher=hotstar.com}}</ref> [[Kalaignar TV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/25343_kalaignar-tv-set-to-attract-viewers-with-new-launches|title=Kalaignar TV set to attract viewers with new launches|website=www.afaqs.com|date=29 Oct 2009|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tv-series-on-dmk-patriarch-karunanidhi-s-life-from-nov-2/story-y4d8JODnVkLkKBQqPr6jRP.html|title=TV series on DMK patriarch Karunanidhi's life from Nov 2|website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=31 Oct 2019 |language=en}}</ref> [[Colors Tamil]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-enters-tamil-market-with-launch-of-colors-tamil-ropes-in-actor-arya-as-brand-ambassador/articleshow/62852267.cms|title=Viacom18 enters Tamil market with launch of Colors Tamil|date=2018-02-09|work=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=2018-02-21}}</ref> [[Zee Tamizh]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Zee launches Tamil channel|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/zee-launches-tamil-channel/372401|work=financialexpress.com|date=12 October 2008 |access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref> [[Jaya TV]], [[Raj TV]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/raj-television-network-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-15767.cms|title=The Economic Times|work=indiatimes.com}}</ref> [[Polimer TV]], [[Puthuyugam TV]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Puthuyugam-spruces-up-prime-time/articleshow/49044861.cms | title=Puthuyugam spruces up prime time | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=21 September 2015 | access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/srm-group-s-vendhar-tv-to-go-on-air-from-aug-24-114082101083_1.html | title=SRM Group's Vendhar TV to go on air from Aug 24 | work=[[Business Standard]] | date=21 August 2014 | access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/A-100-crore-budget-series-on-Puthu-Yugam/articleshow/39223248.cms | title= A 100-crore budget series on Puthu Yugam | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 July 2014 | access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref> [[Vendhar TV]], [[Mega TV (Tamil)|Mega TV]], [[Makkal TV]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Makkal TV on its successful 3rd year|url=http://www.kollywoodtoday.com/news/makkal-tv-on-its-successful-3rd-year/|publisher=Kollywood Today|date=2 September 2008}}</ref> [[DD Podhigai]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddindia.gov.in/About+DD/CPC |title=Regional Language Satellite Service |access-date=2011-07-10 |publisher=[[Doordarshan]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622215640/http://ddindia.gov.in/About+DD/CPC |archive-date=22 June 2011}}</ref> Dramas in prime slots are in the [[telenovella]] format, rarely running over 500 episodes.

[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] channel consistently remains the top rated Tamil channel and one of the top rated Indian television channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The amazing rise of Sun TV|url=https://m.rediff.com/money/2006/apr/04sun.htm|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sun group bets big on second channel to take on competition|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sun-group-bets-big-on-second-channel-to-take-on-competition/article25281455.ece|website=The Hindu|date=22 October 2018|last1=Vijayakumar|first1=Sanjay|last2=Kandavel|first2=Sangeetha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 44 - DATA: Week 44: Saturday, 30th October 2021 To Friday, 5th November 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|access-date=16 November 2021|website=[[Broadcast Audience Research Council]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116174716/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>

=== Singapore and Malaysia ===
{{See also|Lists of Tamil-language media in Malaysia}}
The broadcast time for flagship dramas is 22:00 to 23:00, with episodes on Four consecutive nights: Mondays to Thursday, Friday, and weekends. Different dramas appear on each of the nationwide networks [[MediaCorp Vasantham]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=Mediacorp strengthens brand presence with launch of refreshed logos as part of vibrant new visual identity |url=https://www.mediacorp.sg/media-releases/mediacorp-strengthens-brand-presence-launch-refreshed-logos-part-vibrant-new-visual-identity-184531 |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Mediacorp |language=en}}</ref> [[Astro Vaanavil]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sankaran |first1=Chitra |last2=Pillai |first2=Shanthini |year=2011 |title=Transnational Tamil television and diasporic imaginings |journal=International Journal of Cultural Studies |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=277–289 |doi=10.1177/1367877910391867|s2cid=145197401}}</ref> [[TV2 (Malaysia)|TV2]] and [[Astro Vinmeen HD]].

Most Malaysian and Singapore produce a variety of Drama series including Comedy Romance, Thriller, Mystery, Teen and fantasy. Series are likely to have one to three season, with 1–80 episodes. Mini series may be longer, with 1 to 16 episodes, they also run for one to three season.

Some popular contemporary dramas in Singapore include: ''[[Vettai (Singapore TV series)|Vettai]]'', ''[[Nijangal]]'', ''Vettai: Pledged to Hunt'', ''Sundharam Kudumpathinar'', ''[[Annamalai (2014 TV series)|Annamalai]]'', ''[[Ragasiyam (season 2)|Ragasiyam]]'', ''[[Vetri (season 2)|Vetri]]''.

Some popular contemporary dramas in Malaysia include: ''Kalvanai Kandupidi'', ''[[Manmadha Bullets]]'', ''Avatharam'', ''[[Zombie Kadhali]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/lifestyle/catch-zombie-kadhali-premiering-vinmeen-january-30-260433|title=Catch 'Zombie Kadhali' Premiering on Vinmeen From January 30|website=astroulagam.com|date=27 January 2023}}</ref> ''Pasanga series''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://astroulagam.com.my/lifestyle/pasanga-series-quick-chat-director-cast-crew-local-tamil-comedy-drama-series-266593|title=Pasanga Series: A Quick Chat with The Director, Cast & Crew of Local Tamil Comedy Drama Series|website=astroulagam.com|date=10 May 2023}}</ref> and ''[[Jeeyum Neeyum]]''.

===Sri Lanka===
{{see also|Television in Sri Lanka}}
The broadcast time for flagship dramas is 19:00 to 21:00, with episodes on weekends nights. Different dramas appear on each of the nationwide networks [[Shakthi TV]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Shakthi TV|url=https://www.dialog.lk/television-channel-shakthi/|website=Dialog|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref> and [[Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation|Nethra TV]]. Sri Lankan Tamil channel [[Shakthi TV]], [[Vasantham TV]] and [[Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation|Nethra TV]] channels aired syndicated television shows from Indian Tamil language, and has been well received.

The first serial produced in [[Jaffna]] was ''Marmakkulal''.<ref>{{cite web|title=40 பாகங்களை கடந்து செல்லும் மர்மக்குழல் தொடர்.|url=https://valvettiturai.org/marmakkulal-thriller-serial-continues-to-make-fortieth-episode-8570.html?date=1546281000|website=valvettiturai.org}}</ref> It was premiered on 2017 aired on [[IBC Tamil]]. This Show was produced by IBC Tamil and director by Apayan Ganesh. It was first Tamil languages series from [[Sri Lanka]] aired more than 100 Episodes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marmakkulal Thriller Serial Episode 137 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZVcqTvmbFg|website=IBC Tamil | date=5 April 2018 }}</ref>

Some popular contemporary Original dramas include: 7K,<ref>{{cite web|title=7K Drama Episodes|url=https://shakthitv.lk/category/7k/|website=shakthitv.lk|date=30 March 2021 |access-date=}}</ref> Chinnathirai, Gowthami.

==Contemporary series==
{{main|List of Tamil soap operas}}
Series set in contemporary times usually run for one season, for 100–1000 episodes of 22 minutes. They are often centered on a family story, with love ties and relationships being in the focus. Characters are mostly idealised, with Tamil female protagonists described as the ideal women, and can focus on ethics and social issues in rural areas. The daily dramas are also usually set in contemporary times, describing a family conflict or family relationships, centered on Tamil women, who sacrifice themselves for family happiness.

Some popular contemporary dramas include: ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chiti]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115234453/https://www.thehindu.com/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-01-15|title=Chithi serial happened, probably in the early 1990s|date=2001-07-05|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]'', ''[[Kalki (TV series)|Kalki]]'', ''Kasalavu Nesam'', ''[[Annamalai (2014 TV series)|Annamalai]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/30/stories/2002073000390403.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020928042221/https://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/30/stories/2002073000390403.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2002-09-28|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2002-07-30|title='Annamalai'gains from'Chithi'}}</ref> ''[[Metti Oli]]'', ''[[Thangam (TV series)|Thangam]]'', ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'', ''[[Deivamagal]]'', ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'', ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'', ''[[Azhagi (TV Series)|Azhagi]]'', ''[[Athipookal (TV series)|Athipookal]]'', ''[[Uyirmei (TV series)|Uyirmei]]'', ''[[Sembaruthi]]'', ''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]'', ''[[Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu (TV series)|Mella Thiranthathu Kadhavu]]'', ''[[Thendral]]'', ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'', ''[[Office (2013 series)|Office]]'', ''Madhurai'', ''[[Marmadesam]]'', ''[[Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)|Kadhalikka Neramillai]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/etimes-tvs-poll-results-netizens-wish-for-chinna-papa-periya-papas-next-season-a-look-at-the-other-tv-shows-on-the-list/articleshow/98684120.cms|title=ETimes TV's poll results: Netizens wish for Chinna Papa Periya Papa's next season; a look at the other TV shows on the list|work=The Times of India |date=16 March 2023 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'', ''[[Nayagi (TV series)|Nayagi]]'', ''[[Chinna Papa Periya Papa]]'', ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]'', ''[[Sathya (TV series)|Sathya]]'', ''[[Azhagiya Tamil Magal]]'', ''[[Roja (2018 TV series)|Roja]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-thanga-vettai-to-kana-kaanum-kalangal-best-tamil-tv-shows-of-all-time/photostory/103362316.cms?picid=103362377|title=From Thanga Vettai to Kana Kaanum Kalangal: Best Tamil TV shows of all time|work=The Times of India |date=4 September 2023 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=4 September 2023|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Magarasi]]'', ''[[Thalattu (TV series)|Thalattu]]'', ''[[Pandavar Illam]]'', ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)|Abhiyum Naanum]]'', ''[[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]'', ''[[Kannana Kanne (TV series)|Kannana Kanne]]'', ''[[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]'', ''[[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum]]'', ''[[Kaatrukkenna Veli (TV series)|Kaatrukkenna Veli]]'', ''[[Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum]]'', ''[[Pandian Stores]]'', ''[[Amudhavum Annalakshmiyum]]'', ''[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]'' and ''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''.

==Music==
{{see also|Music of Tamil Nadu}}
Theme music and background music sets the overall tone of the Tamil series. Most series will start off with one to three minutes of opening theme music during the opening credits. Other series will have at the very least a catchy melody in the beginning, displaying the drama's name that lasts a few seconds, and then one to two minutes of ending theme background music during the closing credits. Background music is placed and used at strategic points of the episode to set the mood of that particular show.

Original soundtracks (OSTs) are made specifically for each series and play an important role in Tamil dramas (mostly in Singapore and Malaysia). They are generally recorded by [[List of Indian playback singers|professional playback singers]] and tend to enhance the reputation and popularity of dramas. OSTs help to heighten a situation, accentuate a mood, provide relief, or serve as background to an interior monologue.

==Production==
They are often mass-produced under large production banners, with companies like [[AVM Productions]], [[Saregama]], Radaan Mediaworks, [[Ananda Vikatan|Vikatan Televistas]], Global Villagers, Venus Infotainment, [[Avni Cinemax|Avni Telemedia]], [[Balaji Telefilms]], In House Productions, [[Kavithalayaa Productions]], Vision Time India Private Ltd., Thiruselvam Theatres, [[Sathya Jyothi Films]], running different language versions of the same serial on different television networks or channels.

== Crew ==
=== Actors and actresses ===
[[File:Raadhika at 62nd Britannia Filmfare South Awards 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Radhika Sarathkumar]] is popular from the series ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]'', ''[[Annamalai (2002 TV series)|Annamalai]]'', ''Selvi'', ''Arasi'', ''[[Chellamay (TV series)|Chellamay]]'' and ''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vaani Rani]]''.]]
[[File:Vani Bhojan at PuthuYugam Interview 1.jpg|thumb|[[Vani Bhojan]] is popular from the series [[Deivamagal]].]]
In the 2000s, it become customary to cast popular [[Tamil cinema|Kollywood]] Actors mostly Actress in series. Initially, this generated mixed reactions. It has been the normal in the Tamil television industry for actresses who initially played heroines in Kollywood films to get after married acting in Television serials such as [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], [[Mounika]], [[Kutty Padmini]], [[Gautami]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], [[Sri Priya]], [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]], [[Ranjitha]], [[Sanghavi]], [[Archana (actress)|Archana]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Nirosha]] and [[Sonia Agarwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Mounika to Archana: Tamil actresses who moved away from film and made it big in television|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-mounika-to-archana-tamil-actresses-who-moved-away-from-film-and-made-it-big-in-television/photostory/102775945.cms|access-date=|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=16 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Also, if an actress acts in a TV series, she has lost her name as a film actress (Big Screen) and some criticized her as a small screen actress. Also differences between small screen and big screen were seen in 2000s.

Nowadays, this has become a very common feature in Tamil dramas as the public does not differentiate between a film actress and a television actress. And some small screen actresses have also found success by playing heroines in films. Their critical reception is still mixed, however, some of them, like [[Devadarshini]], [[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Nivetha Thomas]], [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Santhanam to Vani Bhojan: Movie stars who started their careers on Tamil TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-santhanam-to-vani-bhojan-movie-stars-who-started-their-careers-on-tamil-tv/photostory/103432495.cms?picid=103432636|access-date=|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com| date=6 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] and [[Vani Bhojan]], became successful as Film actors and actresses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hansika to Nivetha Thomas: Five Kollywood actresses who began their careers on the small screen|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/hansika-to-nivetha-thomas-five-kollywood-actresses-who-began-their-careers-on-the-small-screen/photostory/74192375.cms?from=mdr|access-date=|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com| date=18 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

There were also instances of children taking up careers as child actors or actresses. Actors who played child actors grow up to play lead roles or supporting roles in television series. such people include actress like [[Sujitha]], [[Neelima Rani]], [[Hemalatha]], Raveena Daha, [[Gabriella Charlton]] and [[Sreethu Krishnan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Neelima Rani to Sujitha Dhanush, Tamil actresses who started their career as child artists |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/from-neelima-rani-to-sujitha-dhanush-tamil-actresses-who-started-their-career-as-child-artists/photostory/103248976.cms?picid=103249916|access-date=|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com| date=31 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

===Directors and scriptwriters===
Directors and scriptwriters of Tamil dramas are rarely as well known as actors are. An overwhelming majority of scriptwriters and directors are men. who mostly only write about women subject stories.

In the starting Time, Most of Television director coming from film industry. such people include directors like [[K. Balachander]], who directed more than 20 series (''Rayil Sneham'', ''Jannal'', ''Premi'', ''[[Shanthi Nilayam (TV series)|Shanthi Nilayam]]'', ''[[Anni (TV series)|Anni]])''; [[Balu Mahendra]], the director of ''Kathai Neram''; [[Sundar K. Vijayan]], the director of ''Guhan'', ''Kadavulukku Kobam Vandhadhu'', ''[[Alaigal (TV series)|Alaigal]]'', ''[[Annamalai (2002 TV series)|Annamalai]]'', ''[[Lakshmi (2006 TV series)|Lakshmi]]'', ''[[Muthaaram]]''; [[Bharathiraja]], the director of ''[[Thekkathi Ponnu]]'', ''Appanum Aathalum'' and ''Muthal Mariyathai''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 May 2013 |title=சீரியலிலும் புரட்சி செய்யப்போகிறார் பாரதிராஜா! |language=ta |trans-title=Bharathiraja is going to revolutionise the TV serial industry too! |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/12593/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Bharatiraja-toward-revolution-serial!.htm |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218054222/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/12593/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Bharatiraja-toward-revolution-serial!.htm |archive-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

In the 2000s, many new male and female directors made their debut. Acknowledged TV directors include [[Thirumurugan (director)|Thirumurugan]], who directed and writer ''[[Metti Oli]]'', ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]'', ''[[Kula Deivam (TV series)|Kula Deivam]]'' and ''[[Kalyana Veedu]]''; [[V. Thiruselvam]] who directed and writer ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'', ''[[Madhavi (TV series)|Madhavi]]'' and ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''. [[Thirumurugan (director)|Thirumurugan]] and [[V. Thiruselvam]]<ref>{{cite web |title=மீண்டும் தனது சீரியல் அத்தியாயத்தை தொடங்கிய பிரபல சின்னத்திரை இயக்குனர்!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-kolangal-serial-director-thiruselvam-new-serial-in-suntv-ethir-neechal-serial-cast-sre-ghta-683461.html|website=tamil.news18.com|date=3 February 2022 |language=ta}}</ref> was also propelled to fame through his works ''[[Metti Oli]]'' and ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'' & ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'', which became one of the highest rated dramas in Tamil Television history. [[Naga (director)|Naga]], the director of ''[[Marmadesam]]'', ''[[Chidambara Rahasiyam (TV series)|Chidambara Rahasiyam]]'' and ''[[Ramany vs Ramany]]''.

Some female directors have risen to prominence, such as [[Kutty Padmini]], She directed, writer and product more than 50 series (''Kittigadu'', ''Naveena Nakeeran'', ''[[Kalasam (TV series)|Kalasam]]'', ''[[Suryaputhri]]'', ''[[Romapuri Pandian]]'', ''[[Ramanujar (TV series)|Ramanujar]]'' and ''[[Thenpandi Singam (TV series)|Thenpandi Singam]]''); [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], who directed ''Chinna Chinna Aasai'', and [[Sripriya]] who directed ''Viduthalai''. The most well-known producers include Actress [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]].

==Streaming==
{{Further information|List of Tamil-language streaming television series}}
Tamil streaming opened in the late-2010s. They are Hotstar (Later [[Disney+ Hotstar]]), [[Sun NXT]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece|title=Sun TV Networks launches multilingual digital platform|last=PTI|website=@businessline|date=16 June 2017 |language=en|access-date=2020-03-09|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180011/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article64305355.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Voot]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-launches-video-on-demand-platform-voot/articleshow/51606120.cms|title=Viacom18 launches video-on-demand platform Voot – The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2016-11-07|archive-date=24 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224122151/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-launches-video-on-demand-platform-voot/articleshow/51606120.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ZEE5]], [[YuppTV]], [[MX Player]], [[SonyLIV]], [[aha (streaming service)|aha Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-14|title=Allu Aravind Launches Tamil Version of Aha OTT in Chennai|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/allu-aravind-launches-tamil-version-of-aha-ott-in-chennai-4771733.html|website=News18}}</ref> and [[ALTBalaji]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Netflix vs Amazon Prime Video vs Disney+Hotstar vs ZEE5 vs Alt Balaji vs Voot others: Subscription plans detailed|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/techook/netflix-amazon-prime-video-hotstar-disney-plus-zee5-plans-pricing-benefits-6394913/|date=2020-05-07|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Hotstar (Disney+ Hotstar)===
The first Tamil original Comedy drama for [[Disney+ Hotstar|Hotstar]], [[As I'm Suffering From Kadhal]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2017 |title=Meet Balaji Mohan, director of the fun 'As I'm Suffering from Kadhal' Tamil web series |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625010924/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-balaji-mohan-director-fun-im-suffering-kadhal-tamil-web-series-63951 |archive-date=25 June 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> aired on 16 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivatsan |date=19 June 2017 |title=Why Balaji Mohan's As I'm Suffering From Kadhal is an important step in Tamil cinema |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-balaji-mohan-web-series-tamil-983496-2017-06-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221000000/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/as-im-suffering-from-kadhal-balaji-mohan-web-series-tamil-983496-2017-06-19 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[India Today]] }}</ref> [[Triples (TV series)|Triples]] became the second Tamil drama aired in the platform. [[Canada|Canadian]] remake, ''[[Vertige (TV series)|Vertige]]'', of Tamil drama, ''[[Fall (TV series)|Fall]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/sep/17/first-look-of-siddharth-ramaswamys-upcoming-web-series-fall-released-2499185.html|title=First look of Siddharth Ramaswamy's upcoming web series 'Fall' released|date=17 September 2022 |publisher=www.newindianexpress.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> ranked Top 5 in Indian.<ref>{{cite web | last=Sahu | first=Sushri | title='Triples' Trailer: Disney+ Hotstar's New Series Revolves Around 3 Friends As They Juggle With Life And Love | website=Mashable India | date=2020-12-01 | url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/18616/triples-trailer-disney-hotstars-new-series-revolves-around-3-friends-as-they-juggle-with-life-and-lo | access-date=2020-12-07}}</ref>

Disney+ Hotstar is the also streaming platform to buy substantial amounts of Tamil television series. ''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)|Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/hit-serial-kana-kaanum-kaalangal-webseries-in-disney-ott.html|title=ஆஹா.. கனா காணும் காலங்கள் இப்போ OTT-ல் வெப் சீரிஸா வருது! செம update|website=Behindwoods.com|date=20 April 2022}}</ref> ''[[November Story]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-07|title=November Story trailer: Tamannaah Bhatia leads this promising murder-mystery|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/november-story-trailer-tamannaah-bhatias-promising-murder-mystery-show-7304433/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Live Telecast]]'', ''[[Mathagam]]'', ''[[MY3]]'', ''[[Label (TV series)|Label]]'', ''[[Heart Beat (TV series)|Heart Beat]]'', ''[[Uppu Puli Kaaram]]'' and ''[[Goli Soda Rising]]'' are among the Disney+ Hotstar productions that gathered success in Tamil as well as many other Indian languages.

===SonyLIV===
[[Iru Dhuruvam (TV series)|Iru Dhuruvam]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Viswanathan |first1=Vishnupriya |title=SonyLIV launches Tamil web series 'Iru Dhuruvam' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sonyliv-announces-tamil-series-iru-dhuruvam/article29573750.ece |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 October 2019 }}</ref> was first Tamil original drama for [[SonyLIV]], first season released on 29 September 2019 with nine episodes. [[Iru Dhuruvam (season 2)|second season]] was released on 24 February 2023 with ten episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/sony-liv-unveils-trailer-of-iru-dhuruvam-2/Entertainment/news/2919310.html|title=SonyLiv Unveils Trailer of Iru Dhuruvam 2|publisher=www.uniindia.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> SonyLIV is one of the streaming platform to buy substantial amounts of Tamil television series and films. ''[[Victim (web series)|Victim]]'', ''[[Tamil Rockerz (web series)|Tamil Rockerz]]'', ''[[Vaazhl]]'', ''[[Kasada Tabara]]'', ''[[Naduvan]]'', ''[[Appathava Aattaya Pottutanga]]'', ''[[Yennanga Sir Unga Sattam]]'', ''[[Sivaranjiniyum Innum Sila Pengalum]]'', ''[[Pandrikku Nandri Solli]]'', ''[[Clap (film)|Clap]]'', ''[[Seththumaan]]'' and ''[[Anel Meley Pani Thuli|Anel Meley PaniThuli]]'' are among the SonyLIV productions that gathered success in India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/jul/22/68th-national-film-awards-editor-sreekar-prasad-wins-it-for-the-ninth-time-32960.html | title=68th National Film Awards: Editor Sreekar Prasad wins it for the ninth time | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=22 July 2022 }}</ref>

===ZEE5===
''[[America Mappillai]]'' was first Tamil original drama for [[ZEE5]], aired on 14 February 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/america-mappillai-zee5-tamil-web-series|title=America Mappillai: A ZEE5 Originals Tamil Web Series|date=2018-04-19|website=DESIblitz|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref> ''[[Kallachirippu]]'' became the second Tamil category drama aired in the platform.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee5-launch-tamil-web-series-kallachirippu/|title=ZEE5 to launch Tamil web series 'Kallachirippu'|date=2018-07-24|work=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|access-date=3 August 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> The series was aired on 23 July 2018 and eventually ended up on 30 July 2018 with only 8 episodes.

In 2023 [[Ayali (2023 TV series)|Ayali]] series was released on 26 January 2023, Bharathy Singaravel of ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and wrote "Ayali, despite a few flaws, is receiving the praise it well deserves. It gives hope that the Tamil web series genre will choose nuanced storytelling over trying to stretch out cinematic mass moments for its actors."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-30 |title=Ayali review: A moving, claustrophobic tale on womanhood & generational trauma |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ayali-review-moving-claustrophobic-tale-womanhood-generational-trauma-172648 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220083805/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ayali-review-moving-claustrophobic-tale-womanhood-generational-trauma-172648 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Netflix===
Since late 2020s American streaming service [[Netflix]] has been producing original Tamil-languages dramas and movies available on its platform. Netflix created its first original Tamil [[anthology film|anthology]] [[drama film|drama]] series, ''[[Paava Kadhaigal]]'', with the release date on 18 December 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2020 |title=Paava Kadhaigal: Netflix announces first Tamil film, an ensemble anthology from directors Gautham Menon, Sudha Kongara, Vetri Maaran, Vignesh Shivan |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/paava-kadhaigal-netflix-announces-first-tamil-film-an-ensemble-anthology-from-directors-gautham-menon-sudha-kongara-vetri-maaran-vignesh-shivan/story-kxmW71GvTu9Gf26CcsG0FN.html |access-date=29 November 2020}}</ref>

===Amazon Prime===
In 2018 American streaming service Amazon Prime has been producing original Tamil dramas and movies available on its platform. ''[[Vella Raja]]'' was first Tamil original drama for [[Amazon Prime]] and aired on 2 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/vella-raja-amazon-prime-video-5473873/|title=Amazon Prime launches its first Tamil series Vella Raja|date=1 December 2018|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=9 December 2018}}</ref> [[Breathe (TV series)|Breathe]] became the second Tamil-Hindi drama aired in the platform.

''[[Suzhal: The Vortex]]'', The first Tamil web series has been released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in over 30 languages<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balakumar K. |date=8 June 2022 |title=Tamil series Suzhal – The Vortex to be available in 30 languages on Prime Video |url=https://www.techradar.com/in/news/tamil-series-suzhal-the-vortex-to-be-available-in-30-languages-on-prime-video |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609001835/https://www.techradar.com/in/news/tamil-series-suzhal-the-vortex-to-be-available-in-30-languages-on-prime-video |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=TechRadar India}}</ref> through subtitles and has been dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Castilian Spanish]], [[Latin Spanish]], [[Arabic]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Remley |first=Hilary |date=8 June 2022 |title='Suzhal: The Vortex' Trailer Reveals an Intense Tamil-Language Mystery |url=https://collider.com/suzhal-the-vortex-trailer-kathir-aishwarya-rajesh-prime-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609001502/https://collider.com/suzhal-the-vortex-trailer-kathir-aishwarya-rajesh-prime-video/ |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Collider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittock |first=Jesse |date=7 June 2022 |title='Suzhal – The Vortex' Trailer: First Look At Amazon's Debut Long-Form Tamil-Language Drama Series |url=https://deadline.com/video/amazon-india-suzhal-the-vortex-trailer-first-look-at-tamil-language-drama-series/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609051645/https://deadline.com/video/amazon-india-suzhal-the-vortex-trailer-first-look-at-tamil-language-drama-series/ |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Deadline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=3 June 2022 |title=Amazon Prime Video India Reveals Tamil Original 'Suzhal – The Vortex' at IIFA (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/asia/amazon-prime-video-india-suzhal-the-vortex-1235284197/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609061455/https://variety.com/2022/tv/asia/amazon-prime-video-india-suzhal-the-vortex-1235284197/ |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Tamil thriller 'Suzhal – The Vortex' is made for a global audience, says Amazon |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/television/2022/06/04/tamil-thriller-suzhal-the-vortex-is-made-for-a-global-audience-says-amazon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609175907/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/television/2022/06/04/tamil-thriller-suzhal-the-vortex-is-made-for-a-global-audience-says-amazon/ |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website=The National}}</ref>

===aha Tamil===
In 2022 ''Akash Vaani'', The first Tamil web series has been released on [[aha (streaming service)|aha Tamil]] from 11 February 2022. Then ''[[Irai (TV series)|Irai]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=Actor Sarath Kumar to make OTT debut with Birds of Prey, see posters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-sarath-kumar-to-make-ott-debut-with-birds-of-prey-see-posters/story-rqYVEOpXUdibdmMdJnB1wL.html |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912124426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/actor-sarath-kumar-to-make-ott-debut-with-birds-of-prey-see-posters/story-rqYVEOpXUdibdmMdJnB1wL.html |url-status=live}}</ref> was released on 18 February 2022, ''[[Ramany vs Ramany 3.0]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2022|title=Ramany Vs Ramany 3.0 OTT Release Date, Star Cast, Makers and More|url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/ramany-vs-ramany-3-ott-release-date-star-cast-trailer-makers-more|website=en.janbharattimes.com|language=en|access-date=27 February 2022|archive-date=27 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227201726/https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/ramany-vs-ramany-3-ott-release-date-star-cast-trailer-makers-more|url-status=live}}</ref> was released on 4 March 2022, ''[[Kuthukku Pathu]]'' was released on 13 May 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kuthukku-pathu-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-fun-filled-tamil-dark-comedy-online/c9c99fbe92294|title=Kuthukku Pathu release date: When and where to watch this fun-filled Tamil dark comedy online|publisher=www.ottplay.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chennaionline.com/gallery/kuthukku-pathu-movie-celebrity-show-stills/|title=Kuthukku Pathu Movie Celebrity Show Stills |publisher=chennaionline.com|access-date=|language=ta}}</ref> and [[Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponnum]] as released on 14 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2024 |title=Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponnum|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/movies/madurai-paiyanum-chennai-ponnum-series/story.html#synopsis|work=www.filmibeat.com|language=en-IN }}</ref>

==Broadcast==
{{See also|List of Tamil-language television channels}}
[[Television in Tamil language|Tamil]] TV dramas are popular overseas in countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia. They are also broadcast in other parts of Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. The popularity of Tamil TV dramas in India markets is on the rise. Tamil serials are also dubbed in [[Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kannada]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Hindi]]. And most serials air with English, Sinhalese and [[Malay language|Malay]] subtitles.

===India===
====Kerala====
In the Indian state of [[Kerala]], Tamil series are popular and broadcast at prime time including ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'', ''[[Anandham (TV series)|Aanandham]]'',''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]'', ''[[Lakshmi Stores]]'', ''[[Chandrakumari]]'', ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'', ''[[Maya (2018 TV series)|Maya]]'', ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Jothi]]'' etc. were aired on [[Surya TV]]. ''[[Tamil Kadavul Murugan]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.keralatv.in/2017/10/sree-murugan-serial-asianet/|title=Sree murugan serial asianet starting on 23 October 2017 at 6.30 P.M|publisher=www.keralatv.in|access-date=2025-05-13|language=en}}</ref> ''[[Chellamma (TV series)|Chellamma]]'',<ref name=mal>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatv.in/amma-manassu-and-sneha-nombaram/ | title=Amma Manassu and Sneha Nombaram Malayalam Serials on Asianet, Launching on 31 July at 1:30 PM and 02:00 PM | date=30 July 2023 }}</ref> ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave 2]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/anuraga-karikkin-vellam-serial-asianet/|title=Anuraga Karikkin Vellam Serial On Asianet , Launching on 18 December at 02:30 PM, Every Monday to Friday|website=Kerala TV |date=15 December 2023 }}</ref> and ''Muthazhagu''<ref name=mal /> were aired on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] in non-prime time.

Most Tamil series have been remade into on Surya TV, such as ''Parvathi'' in 2002 which was a remake of the serial [[Chithi (TV series)|''Chithi'']], ''[[Minnukettu]]'' a remake of ''[[Metti Oli]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=മിന്നുകെട്ടിലെ 'അശകൊശലേ പെണ്ണുണ്ടോ'മലയാളികള്‍ മറന്നിട്ടില്ല;സരിതയുടെ വിശേഷങ്ങൾ|url= https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/style-factor/2019/06/09/serial-actress-saritha-balakrishnan-interview.html|website=Manorama Online|language=malayalam}}</ref> ''Nilavilakku'' a remake of ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'', ''[[Aniyathipraavu (TV series)|Aniyathipraavu]]'' a remake of ''[[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vanathai Pola]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aniyathipravu Cast and Characters – Vanathai Pola Remade in Malayalam |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/aniyathipravu-serial-cast/ |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=Indian TV Info|date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ''[[Sita Ramam (TV series)|Sita Ramam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vivek Gopan and Snisha Chandran starrer 'Sita Ramam' gains attention|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/vivek-gopan-and-snisha-chandran-starrer-sita-ramam-gains-attention/articleshow/98635076.cms?from=mdr|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com | date=14 March 2023 }}</ref> a remake of ''[[Sevvanthi (2022 TV series)|Sevvanthi]]'' and ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' a remake of ''[[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]'', ''[[Kaliveedu (TV series)|Kaliveedu]]'' a remake of ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]'', ''[[Anandharagam]]'' a remake of ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]'', ''Athira'' a remake of ''[[Marumagal (TV series)|Marumagal]]'', ''[[Kanalpoovu]]'' a remake of ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'' etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/bhavana-surya-dev-to-reveal-his-true-identity/articleshow/97493139.cms|title=Bhavana: Surya Dev to reveal his true identity|work=The Times of India|date=31 January 2023 |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] also remade four Tamil TV series. ''[[Santhwanam (TV series)|Santhwanam]]'' and ''[[Santhwanam 2]]'' are remakes of ''[[Pandian Stores]]'' and ''[[Pandian Stores 2]]'' respectively,<ref>{{cite web|title=സാന്ത്വനം 2 ചെയ്യാത്തത് എന്തുകൊണ്ട്? സിനിമയ്ക്കായി ദുബായ് ജോലി വിട്ടു; പക്ഷെ സിനിമ വന്നപ്പോള്‍...|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/television/rajeev-parameshwar-explains-why-he-didnt-do-santhwanam-2-and-how-he-quit-his-job-for-cinema-128049.html|work=Filmibeat|date=4 April 2025 |language=ml}}</ref> ''[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]]'' a remake of ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave]]'' and ''[[Chempaneer Poovu]]'' a remake of ''[[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title=Chempaneer Poovu: A tale of resilience, love, and aspirations set to captivate audiences |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-a-tale-of-resilience-love-and-aspirations-set-to-captivate-audiences/articleshow/107103953.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Additionally Asianet adapted 3 Tamil reality shows. ''[[Start Music Aaradhyam Paadum]]'', ''Cook With Comedy'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatv.in/cook-with-comedy-asianet/ | title=Cook with Comedy - Cooking Reality Show on Asianet Launching on Saturday 6th May at 7:30 PM | date=3 May 2023 }}</ref> ''Enkile Ennodu Para''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/enkile-ennodu-para-new-game-show-on-asianet-sabumon-swetha-menon-slr6c9 | title=ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റില്‍ പുതിയ ഗെയിം ഷോ; 'എങ്കിലേ എന്നോട് പറ' അവതരിപ്പിക്കാന്‍ സാബുവും ശ്വേതയും | date=22 October 2024 }}</ref> are adapted from ''[[Start Music (TV series)|Start Music]]'', ''[[Cooku With Comali]]'', ''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]'' respectively.

====Andhra Pradesh and Telangana====
In the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], Tamil series have gained popularity and the Tamil series, ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]'', ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'', ''[[Anandham (TV series)|Aanandham]]'', ''Selvi'', ''Arasi'', ''Annamalai'',''Vasantham'', ''Surya'', ''Pasam'', ''[[Chellamay]]'', ''[[Kalyanam (2009 TV series)|Kalyanam]]'', ''Lakshmi'', ''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]'', ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'', ''Priyamaana Thozhi'' and ''[[Maya (2018 TV series)|Maya]]'' were aired on [[Gemini TV]], RVS TV, [[Zee Telugu]] and Vanitha TV.

Most Tamil series have also been remade into Telugu language versions such as ''Devatha'' which was a remake of the serial ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'', ''Aparanji'' a remake of ''[[Thangam (TV series)|Thangam]]'', ''Sravani Subramanyam'' a remake of ''[[Thendral]]'', ''Jabilamma'' a remake of ''[[Deivamagal]]'', ''[[Saadhana]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayal in Telugu as 'Saadhana' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/new-tv-show-meghe-dhaka-tara-to-launch-soon/articleshow/90014902.cms |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=The Times of India |date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]'', ''[[Uppena (TV series)|Uppena]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Uppena Gemini TV Serial Launching On 4th April - Remake Of Ethirneechal |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/uppena-gemini-serial-cast/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Indian TV News |language=en-US}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'' and ''[[Geethanjali (Telugu TV series)|Geethanjali]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Geethanjali Serial: హిట్ సీరియల్ 'సెవ్వంతి' రీమేక్‌గా గీతాంజలి.. త్వరలో ప్రేక్షకుల ముందుకు బుల్లితెర మంచి కోడలు సుజిత.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/television/sevanthi-serial-telugu-remake-geethanjali-new-gemini-serial-coming-soon-au58-885720.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Sevvanthi (2022 TV series)|Sevvanthi]]''.

====Karnataka====
Tamil series have also been remade into [[Kannada]] versions such as ''Rangoli'' was a remake of the serial ''Kolangal'', ''Chikamma'' a remake of ''Chithi'', ''Bangara'' a remake of ''Thangam'', ''Thangaali'' a remake of ''Thendral'', ''Mangalya'' a remake of ''[[Metti Oli]]'', ''Chandra Chakori'' a remake of ''Deivamagal'', ''[[Janani (TV series)|Janani]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/janani-serial-udaya-tv-star-cast/|title=Janani Serial Udaya TV Launching on 15th August at 09:00 PM – Monday to Saturday|website=IndianTVInfo}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]'', ''[[Sangarsha (TV series)|Sangarsha]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 March 2020|title=Watch new serial Sangarsha soon on television|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/watch-new-serial-sangarsha-soon-on-television/articleshow/74487121.cms|access-date=|website=The Times of India}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Ayutha Ezhuthu (TV series)|Ayutha Ezhuthu]]'' and ''[[Sevanthi (2019 TV series)|Sevanthi]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/new-daily-soap-sevanthi-to-launch-today/articleshow/68152330.cms|title=New daily soap ' Sevanthi' to launch today|website=The Times of India}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]''. The [[Udaya TV]] and [[Star Suvarna]] channels air Tamil series remade in the [[Kannada language]].

The first Tamil TV series broadcast on 2021 in [[Karnataka]] after long time was Ee Bandhana (dubbed version of ''[[Magarasi]]'') on Udaya TV, Then Nannaseya Hoove<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-kannada-serial-nannaseya-hoove-episodeno69-Nov2-2022/detail/146110/151387|title=Nannaseya Hoove serial on Udhaya TV|work=www.sunnxt.com}}</ref> (dubbed version of ''[[Poove Unakkaga (TV series)|Poove Unakkaga]]'') aired.

====West Bengal====
Tamil series ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'', ''[[Maya (2018 TV series)|Maya]]'', ''Arundhathi'', ''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)|Mishti O Ami]]'', ''[[Lakshmi Stores|Laxmi Store]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/khushbu-sundar-starrer-tamil-show-lakshmi-stores-to-get-dubbed-into-bengali/articleshow/81665615.cms|title=Khushbu Sundar starrer Tamil show 'Lakshmi Stores' to get dubbed into Bengali|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Magarasi|Bidhilipi]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-bengali-serial-bidhilipi-Apr05-2021/detail/115865/0|title='Bidhilipi' to get dubbed into Bengali|website=www.sunnxt.com}}</ref> and ''[[Jothi (TV series)|Onno Roope Nandini]]'', were broadcast on Chennai-based [[Sun TV Network]] group started a Bengali GEC named as [[Sun Bangla]] on 2 February 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/sun-bangla-to-rise-on-3-february-190122|title=Sun Bangla to rise on 3 February 2019|website=Television post |date=22 January 2019 }}</ref> which also broadcasts in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].

''[[Pandian Stores]]'' was remade on 31 August 2020 on [[Star Jalsha]], one of the leading [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language television channels in India, under the name ''[[Bhaggolokkhi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Family-drama Bhaagyalakshmi to launch on August 31|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/family-drama-bhaagyalakshmi-to-launch-on-august-31/articleshow/77735429.cms|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=25 August 2020 }}</ref>

====Maharashtra====
;Marathi-language
Tamil series have also been remade into [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. The Chennai-based [[Sun TV Network]] group started a Marathi GEC named as Sun Marathi in January 2021. It will be Sun group's fourth entry in South Indian market. shows like ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'' been dubbed in Marathi language to reach towards peoples of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/shubh-vivah-to-satvya-mulichi-saatvi-mulgi-these-popular-marathi-tv-shows-are-actually-remakes/photostory/97547339.cms|title=Shubh Vivah to Satvya Mulichi Saatvi Mulgi: These popular Marathi TV shows are actually remakes|work=The Times of India |date=2 February 2023 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

Tamil series have also been remade into Marathi versions such as Premas Rang Yave<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/ananda-raga-udaya-serial-star-cast/|website=IndianTVinfo|title=Ananda Raga Udaya TV Serial Is The Remake Of Anandha Ragam Sun TV's Tamil Serial |date=3 March 2023 }}</ref> in 2023 which was a remake of the serial ''[[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]'' and Shabbas Sunbai<ref>{{Cite web|title=The story of a girl, who from birth, was blessed to be first in everything in life, don't forget to watch the new serial "Shabbas Sunbai" only on Sun Marathi|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CkOP4c7pMTM/?hl=en|website=[[Instagram]]|language=en}}</ref> a remake of ''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]''.

;Hindi-language
[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]] drama was The first Tamil TV series was remade in Hindi language as ''Chhoti Maa...Ek Anokha Bandhan''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/on-nithya-menens-birthday-a-look-at-some-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress-7500817.html|title=On Nithya Menen's Birthday, A Look at Some Lesser-Known Facts About the Actress|publisher=www.news18.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> aired on [[Zee TV]] on 3 August 2001. Then [[Pavitra Rishta]] a remake of ''[[Thirumathi Selvam]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindi remake of South Indian shows|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hindi-remake-of-South-Indian-shows/articleshow/9197322.cms|access-date=2020-06-10|website=The Times of India|date=12 July 2011 |language=en}}</ref> [[Maayke Se Bandhi Dor]] a remake of ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/maayke-se-bandhi-dor/764341/|title=Maayke Se Bandhi Dor|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> ''[[Shubh Vivah]]'' a remake of ''[[Metti Oli]]'', ''[[Pandya Store]]'' a remake of ''[[Pandian Stores]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actors who stole the show from the main leads: Mayuri Deshmukh in Imlie to Kanwar Dhillon and Alice Kaushik in Pandya Store|work=Times Of India|date=25 November 2021 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mayuri-deshmukh-in-imlie-to-hina-khan-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-actors-who-stole-the-show-from-the-main-leads/etphotostory/85686985.cms|access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref> and ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]'' a remake of ''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/shabir-ahluwalia-plays-the-lead-in-pyaar-ka-pehla-naam-radha-mohan-23221991|title=Shabir Ahluwalia plays the lead in 'Pyaar Ka Pehla Naam Radha Mohan'|date=8 April 2022 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref>

====Bhojpuri language====
Bandhan Toote Na, [[Bhojpuri language]] remake of Tamil drama, ''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]'', aired on [[Zee Ganga]] on 20 September 2021 to 18 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/zee-ganga-launches-its-new-journey-superstar-nirahua-varanasi-exclusive-and-original|title=Zee Ganga launches its new journey with superstar Nirahua in Varanasi, With exclusive and original Bhojpuri content galore|publisher=www.tellychakkar.com}}</ref>

===Sri Lanka===
In Sri Lanka Tamil channels air Tamil series, and also dub and subtitle in the Sinhalese language. The first Tamil Language serial to be dubbed in Sinhalese was ''[[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]]''. Tamil television series are extremely popular in Sri Lanka, with ratings higher than the traditional [[List of Tamil-language television channels|Tamil Nadu TV]] series that [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] watched. Most Tamil serial airs in Tamil language with Sinhalese subtitle.

===Singapore and Malaysia===
In Singapore and Malaysia Tamil Channel airs Tamil Series and subtitle in the English and Malay languages. Among the most popular series are [[Vettai (TV series)|''Vettai'']], ''[[Nijangal]]'', [[Ennuyire (TV series)|''Ennuyire'']], [[Annamalai (2014 TV series)|''Annamalai'']], [[Ragasiyam (season 2)|''Ragasiyam'']] and [[Neeya (TV series)|''Neeya'']].

===Other countries===
Tamil Series and television shows are also popular among the [[Tamil diaspora]]. Tamil television shows are aired on certain cable television channels in various countries such as the [[Tamil Malaysians|Malaysia]], [[Singapore Tamils|Singapore]], Indonesia, the Philippines, [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]], [[Tamil South Africans|South Africa]], Réunion, [[Tamil Mauritian|Mauritius]], Seychelles, Fiji, Guyana, Burma, Trinidad and Tobago, the [[French West Indies]], [[Western Europe]], Australia, [[Tamil Canadians|Canada]] and [[Tamil American|the United States]].

As ''[[Mayavi (TV series)|The Iron Handed Phantom – Mayavi]]'', the series aired dubbed in [[South Korea]],<ref name=koreachina>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodgate.com/indian-television/india-s-first-3d-tv-serial-to-be-dubbed-in-mandarin-and-korean.html|title=India's first 3D TV serial to be dubbed in Mandarin and Korean|publisher=www.bollywoodgate.com}}</ref> [[China]] (in [[Mandarin language|Mandarin]])<ref name=koreachina /> and [[Australia]]. It also aired in [[Europe]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/award-for-3d-serial/article2253758.ece|title= Mayavi Serial Dubbed in to European and Asian Language|website=www.thehindu.com|access-date=3 October 2007}}</ref> It was also dubbed in other Indian languages like [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] for all the others Indian channels.

In 2007 Mayavi won the [[Seoul International Drama Awards|Special Prize]] Award in the Drama category at the [[Seoul International Drama Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/award-for-3d-serial/article2253758.ece|title= Award for 3D serial|website=www.thehindu.com|access-date=3 October 2007}}</ref>

== Most popular Tamil serials of all time by viewership ==
[[Audience measurement|Viewership ratings]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-19 |title=Tamil TV Serials TRP Ratings and Top 20 Tamil Serials List - Cinebuds |url=https://cinebuds.com/tamil-tv-serials-trp-ratings-this-week/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> are provided by one companies in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]: [[Broadcast Audience Research Council]]. The company was incorporated in 2010. It is based in [[Mumbai]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=310126244|title=Broadcast Audience Research Council: Private Company Information - Bloomberg|website=bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref>
{{See also|List of Tamil soap operas}}

* [[Chithi (TV series)|Chithi]] (1999- 2001):
** '''Starring''': [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Sivakumar]], [[Yuvarani]], [[Deepa Venkat]]
** Chithi became one of the most watched Indian soap opera and most watched Tamil program at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TAM ratings continue to show Star Plus shows on top|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/sep/sep14.htm?amp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530121140/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k1/sep/sep14.htm?amp|archive-date=30 May 2021|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref> In week 26 of 2000, it was one of the most watched Indian serial with 4.67 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=As Dead As D.D.?|url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20010806/feature7.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028070600/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20010806/feature7.html|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=|website=Digital Today}}</ref> Overall in 2000, it was the seventeenth most watched Indian television program with 4.45 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=2000's Top Shows In All Cable and Satellite Homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/datamonitor/y2k/cs.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406075401/http://www.indiantelevision.com/datamonitor/y2k/cs.htm|archive-date=2012-04-06|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref> From 30 April 2001 to 6 May 2001 and the following week it was at fourth position in All TV homes ratings with 4.7 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Numero Uno shows in C&S and all TV homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=30/04/2001&endperiod=6/5/2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601045344/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=30%2F04%2F2001&endperiod=6%2F5%2F2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|archive-date=1 June 2007|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Numero Uno shows in C&S and all TV homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=7/5/2001&endperiod=13/05/2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601045630/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indexorgarch.php4?startperiod=7%2F5%2F2001&endperiod=13%2F05%2F2001&PHPSESSID=e83a7195c8028d4265617853c9ed5e5c|archive-date=1 June 2007|access-date=|website=Indian Television dot com}}</ref> On 3 October 2001, it garnered 5.55 TVR.<ref name="TAMs top 10">{{cite web|date=|title=TAM's top 10 in Cable & Satellite homes|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30/9/2001&endperiod=6/10/2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035514/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/indextam.php4?startperiod=30%2F9%2F2001&endperiod=6%2F10%2F2001|archive-date=29 June 2011|access-date=6 August 2011|publisher=Indiantelevision.com|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Metti Oli]] (2002- 2005):
** '''Starring''': [[Delhi Kumar]], [[Thirumurugan (director)|M. Thirumurugan]], [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]], [[Kaveri (Tamil actress)|Kaveri]], Gayathri Shastry
** It garnered a peak rating of 50.3 TVR overall in its runtime.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Metti Oli team has a reunion after 12 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/metti-oli-team-has-a-reunion-after-12-years/articleshow/63642963.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The final episode garnered 45 TVR for Sun TV.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UTV gets aggressive|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/utv-gets-aggressive/748482/0|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
* [[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]] (2003- 2009):
** '''Starring''': [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], Ajay Kapoor, [[V. Thiruselvam]], [[Deepa Venkat]]
** It was one of the highest-rated Indian and Tamil soap opera which garnered ratings ranging between 23 and 26 [[Television Viewer Rating|TVR]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 May 2005|title=How Maran helped Sun beat rivals|url=https://m.rediff.com/money/2005/may/04spec2.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118084147/https://m.rediff.com/money/2005/may/04spec2.htm|archive-date=18 November 2020|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Between 20 December 2004 to 13 January 2005 it had a rating of 25.68 TVR. In September 2007, it maintained its top position with 21.58 TVR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/sun-tv-holds-its-groundkalaignar-tv-makes-an-impact-27997.html|title = Sun TV holds its ground; Kalaignar TV makes an impact - Exchange4media | date=3 October 2007 }}</ref>
* [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]] (2022- 2024):
** '''Starring''': [[Madhumitha Hirannaiah|Madhumitha]], [[Kaniha]], [[G. Marimuthu]]
** Ethirneechal gradually gained more popularity and viewership in May 2023 by its screenplay, and mainly for the natural and realistic acting. The series attracted all age groups mainly 2k kids by its Powerful Storyline of Women Empowerment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=எதிர்நீச்சல் படைத்த வரலாறு! மாலை நேரத் தொடர்களை முந்தி சாதனை! |url=https://images.dinamani.com/uploads/user/imagelibrary/2023/7/1/w600X390/Ethirneechal_serial_fb_dp.jpg |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=Dinamani |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129042237/https://images.dinamani.com/uploads/user/imagelibrary/2023/7/1/w600X390/Ethirneechal_serial_fb_dp.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2023, the series was the most watched Tamil-language television series with 11.55 TVR.In October 2023, it was at the peak ratings of 11.54 TVR.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=M |first=Marimuthu |title=Ethirneechal: புதிய உச்சம் பெற்ற எதிர்நீச்சல் சீரியலின் டி.ஆர்.பி; ஷாக் அடிக்கும் வளர்ச்சி! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/trp-of-new-peak-ethirneechal-serial-because-of-actor-velaramamoorthy-entry-which-decided-the-points-of-trp-131697109491928.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref> In Barc Era, This is the first ever Tamil Television Series to become No.1 in TRP ratings at 9:30 pm slot all over Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vignesh |date=2023-06-30 |title=இந்தாமா ஏய்!!TRP-யில் முதலில் கலக்கும் எதிர்நீச்சல்!! |url=https://www.cinemamedai.com/ethirneechal-serial-trp-update-details-here/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Cinemamedai |language=en-US |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211200322/https://www.cinemamedai.com/ethirneechal-serial-trp-update-details-here/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Tamil TV Serials TRP Ratings this week – December 2023 {{!}}{{!}} Top 20 Tamil Serials List with TRP Rating - Cinebuds |url=https://cinebuds.com/tamil-tv-serials-trp-ratings-this-week/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== List of longest-running Tamil language television series ==
This is a list of the longest-running Tamil Language television series, ordered by number of episodes the show has aired. This list includes only programs with thousand episodes and above.

{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray; background: #CFECEC"
|Series shaded in light blue are currently in production.
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="width:160pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Title
!style="width:160pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Cast
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|First broadcast
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" | Last broadcast
!style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" | Episodes
!style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Channel
|-
|சந்திரலேகா Chandralekha
|[[Shwetha Bandekar]], Nagashree, Jai Dhanush, Sandhya Jagarlamudi
| 6 October 2014
| 8 October 2022
| 2315
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| வள்ளி [[Valli (TV series)|Valli]]
| [[Vidhya Mohan]], Rani
| 17 December 2012
| 14 September 2019
| 1961
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| வாணி ராணி [[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]
| [[Radhika Sarathkumar]], [[Venu Arvind]], [[Babloo Prithiveeraj]], [[Neelima Rani]]
| 21 January 2013
| 8 December 2018
| 1743
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| கோலங்கள் [[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]
| [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], Ajay Kapoor, [[V. Thiruselvam]], [[Deepa Venkat]]
| 24 November 2003
| 4 December 2009
| 1533
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| கஸ்தூரி [[Kasthuri (TV series)|Kasthuri]]
| [[Easwari Rao]], [[Jayakrishnan]], Kavitha
| 21 August 2006
| 31 August 2012
| 1532
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| பாக்கியலட்சுமி [[Baakiyalakshmi]]
| K.S. Suchitra Shetty, Sathish Kumar, [[Reshma Pasupuleti]]
| 27 July 2020
| 08 August 2025
| 1469
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
| தெய்வமகள் [[Deivamagal]]
| [[Vani Bhojan]], [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]], Rekha Krishnappa
| 25 March 2013
| 17 February 2018
| 1466
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| செம்பருத்தி [[Sembaruthi]]
| [[Shabana Shajahan Aryan|Shabana Shajahan]], [[Priya Raman]]
| 16 October 2017
| 31 July 2022
| 1432
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| நினைத்தாலே இனிக்கும் [[Ninaithale Inikkum (2021 TV series)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]
| Swathi Sharma, Anand Selvan
| 23 August 2021
| 25 October 2025
| 1417
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|-style="background:#cfecec"
| கயல் [[Kayal (TV series)|Kayal]]
| [[Chaitra Reddy]], [[Sanjeev Karthik]]
| 21 October 2021
| Present
| 1400+
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| திருமதி செல்வம் [[Thirumathi Selvam]]
| [[Sanjeev Venkat|Sanjeev]], [[Abitha]], Rindhya
| 5 November 2007
| 22 March 2013
| 1360
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| நாதஸ்வரம் [[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]
| [[T. S. B. K. Mouli]], [[Thirumurugan (director)|M. Thirumurugan]], [[Poovilangu Mohan]], [[Srithika Saneesh|Srithika]]
| 19 April 2010
| 9 May 2015
| 1356
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| அவர்கள் Avargal
| [[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]], Prem Sai, [[Vadivukkarasi]]
| 6 January 2003
| 2 November 2007
| 1351
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| தென்றல் [[Thendral]]
| [[Shruthi Raj]], [[Deepak Dinkar]], [[Hemalatha]]
| 7 December 2009
| 17 January 2015
| 1340
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| வம்சம் [[Vamsam (TV series)|Vamsam]]
| [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Sai Kiran]], [[Seema (actress)|Seema]], Sandhya Jagarlamudi
| 10 June 2013
| 18 November 2017
| 1338
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| முந்தானை முடிச்சு [[Mundhanai Mudichu (2010 TV series)|Mundhanai Mudichu]]
| [[Delhi Kumar]], Durga, Rani, [[Sreeja Chandran]]
| 26 April 2010
| 4 April 2015
| 1325
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| பிரியமானவள் [[Priyamanaval]]
| [[Praveena]], [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]
| 19 January 2015
| 11 May 2019
| 1315
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ஆனந்தம் [[Anandham (TV series)|Anandham]]
| [[Sukanya]], Kamalesh, Brinda Das, [[Delhi Kumar]]
| 24 November 2003
| 27 February 2009
| 1297
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| அத்திப்பூக்கள் [[Athipookal]]
| [[Devadarshini]], [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]], Sandhya Jagarlamudi, Rani
| 3 December 2007
| 14 December 2012
| 1272
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| இளவரசி [[Ilavarasi (TV series)|Ilavarasi]]
| [[Santhoshi]], Shrikar, [[Rachitha Mahalakshmi]]
| 18 January 2010
| 1 November 2014
| 1263
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| யாரடி நீ மோகினி [[Yaaradi Nee Mohini (TV series)|Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]
| [[Shreekumar]], Nachathira, [[Chaitra Reddy]], [[Fathima Babu]]
| 24 April 2017
| 22 August 2021
| 1253
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| பாண்டவர் இல்லம் [[Pandavar Illam]]
| [[Papri Ghosh]], [[Delhi Kumar]], Aarthi Subash, Krithika Annamalai
| 15 July 2019
| 28 October 2023
| 1216
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| பொம்மலட்டம் [[Bommalattam (TV series)|Bommalattam]]
| Sirija, [[Shreekumar]], [[Delhi Kumar]], Preethi Sanjeev
| 15 October 2012
| 22 October 2016
| 1150
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| பூவே பூச்சூடவா [[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]
| Reshma Muralidharan, Karthick Vasu
| 24 April 2017
| 4 September 2021
| 1149
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| வானத்தைப் போல [[Vanathai Pola (TV series)|Vaanathai Pola]]
| [[Shreekumar]], Maanya Anand
| 7 December 2020
| 17 August 2024
| 1134
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| தாமரை Thamarai
| [[Nirosha]], [[Neelima Rani]], Sai Latha
| 3 November 2014
| 4 August 2018
| 1130
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| வசந்தம் Vasantham
| [[Chandra Lakshman]], [[Shamitha Shreekumar]], [[Delhi Ganesh]], Shyam Ganesh, Lakshmiraj, Durga
| 3 September 2007
| 27 January 2012
| 1112
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| அன்பே வா [[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]
| [[Delna Davis]], [[Viraat (actor, born 1989)|Viraat]]
| 2 November 2020
| 28 April 2024
| 1102
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| மரகத வீணை [[Maragatha Veenai (Tamil series)|Maragatha Veenai]]
| [[Santhoshi]], Muthukumar Samy, Sangeetha Sheedy
| 27 January 2012
| 28 September 2017
| 1102
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| அழகி [[Azhagi (TV series)|Azhagi]]
| [[Viji Chandrasekhar]], Kamal Deep, Soniya, [[Nithya Ravindran]]
| 10 October 2011
| 4 March 2016
| 1101
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ஆனந்த ராகம் [[Anandha Ragam (TV series)|Anandha Ragam]]
| [[Anusha Hegde]], Alagappan
| 29 August 2022
| 14 January 2026
| 1043
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| மகராசி [[Magarasi]]
| [[Srithika|Srithika Saneesh]], S.S.R Aaryann
| 21 October 2019
| 1 July 2023
| 1036
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| ஒரு ஊருல ஒரு ராஜகுமாரி [[Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari (TV series)|Oru Oorla Oru Rajakumari]]
| Ashwini, [[Puvi Arasu]]
| 23 April 2018
| 24 October 2021
| 1016
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
| மகள் [[Magal (TV series)|Magal]]
| Meenakumari, Rishi, Kamalesh
| 8 October 2007
| 14 October 2011
| 1015
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| இரட்டை ரோஜா [[Rettai Roja]]
| [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], Akshay Kamal
| 12 August 2019
| 17 March 2023
| 1013
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|}
=== Season Episodes ===
This is a list of the longest-running Tamil Language television series, ordered by number of episodes the show has aired. This list includes only programs with thousand episodes and above. All seasons overall episodes countings.

{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray; background: #CFECEC"
|Series shaded in light blue are currently in production.
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="width:160pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Title
!style="width:160pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|Cast
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"|First broadcast
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" | Last broadcast
!style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" | Episodes
!style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Channel
|-
|-style="background:#cfecec"
| பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் [[Pandian Stores]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Stalin Muthu, [[Sujitha]], [[Venkat Renganathan]], Hema Rajkumar, [[Nirosha]]
| 1 October 2018
| Present
| 2000+
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
| சரவணன் மீனாட்சி [[Saravanan Meenatchi]]
(Season 1, Season 2 and Season 3)
| [[Senthil Kumar]], [[Sreeja Chandran|Sreeja]], [[Rachitha Mahalakshmi]], [[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]], [[Rio Raj]]
| 7 November 2011
| 17 August 2018
| 1901
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
| கல்யாணபரிசு [[Kalyana Parisu (TV series)|Kalyana Parisu]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Neha Gowda, Eshwar, [[Srithika Saneesh|Srithika]], [[Arnav (TV actor)|Arnav]], Keerthi Jai Dhanush
| 10 February 2014
| 27 March 2020
| 1840
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| மெளன ராகம் [[Mouna Raagam (Tamil TV series)|Mouna Raagam]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| [[Raveena Daha]], Shilpa Nair, Krithika Khelge, [[Rajeev Parameshwar]], [[Chippy Renjith]]
| 24 April 2017
| 17 March 2023
| 1380
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
| ரோஜா [[Roja (Tamil TV series)|Roja]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| [[Priyanka Nalkari]], [[Sibbu Suryan]]
| 9 April 2018
| 21 March 2025
| 1371
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] [[Saregama]]
|-
| ஈரமான ரோஜாவே [[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| [[Pavithra Janani]], Dhiraviam Rajkumaran, Swathi Konde, Sidharth Kumaram, [[Gabriella Charlton]]
| 9 July 2018
| 2 December 2023
| 1309
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
|-style="background:#cfecec"
| எதிர்நீச்சல் [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Parvathy Venkatiramanan, [[Kaniha]], Priyadharshini Neelakandan, [[Haripriya Isai]]
| 7 February 2022
| Present
| 1160+
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| சுந்தரி [[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Gabriella Sellus, Jishnu Menon, [[Krishna (TV actor)|Krishna]], Shreegopika Neelanath
| 22 February 2021
| 1 December 2024
| 1158
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| பாரதி கண்ணம்மா [[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| [[Roshini Haripriyan]], [[Arun Prasath]], [[Farina Azad]], [[Vinusha Devi]], [[Sibbu Suryan]]
| 25 February 2019
| 6 August 2023
| 1139
| [[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|-
| மாரி [[Maari (TV series)|Maari]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Ashika Padukone, Adarsh HS, Nakshatra Srinivas, Sugesh Rajendran, Baby Anjali
| 4 July 2022
| 1 November 2025
| 1068
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|-style="background:#cfecec"
| கார்த்திகை தீபம் [[Karthigai Deepam (TV series)|Karthigai Deepam]]
(Season 1 and Season 2)
| Arthika, [[Karthik Raj]], Vaishnavi Sateesh
| 5 December 2022
| Present
| 1038+
| [[Zee Tamil]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Tamil soap operas]]
* [[List of Tamil-language television channels]]
* [[Lists of Tamil-language media in Malaysia]]
* [[Television in Sri Lanka]]
* [[List of Tamil-language films]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tamil Television}}
{{Social issues in India}}
{{Television drama series |state=collapsed}}
{{WorldTV}}

[[Category:Tamil-language television series| ]]
[[Category:Asian drama]]
[[Category:Television genres]]
[[Category:Television drama]]

Afghan occupation of Patna (1748)

2026-04-22T02:08:33Z

3muhammed4: Put up the info first draft!

{{Short description|Part of Afghan insurrections in Bengal Subah}}
{{aI-generated|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Afghan occupation of Patna (1748)
| place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[Bengal Subah]]
| partof = [[Afghan insurrections in Bengal Subah]]
| date = 13 January 1748
| territory = [[Patna]] seized by Afghan rebels<ref name=":1" />
| result = Afghan victory<ref name=":1">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n486/mode/1up 465]}} "… the Afghan ex-soldiers of Alivardi advanced from their homes in the Darbhanga district in North Bihar, took Patna City, and treacherously murdered its governor Zain-ud-din Ahmad (surnamed Haibat Jang), the son-in-law of Alivardi (13th January, 1748)."</ref>
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| combatant2 = '''Afghan rebels'''
| commander1 = [[Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan]]{{Assassinated}} Haji Ahmad{{Assassinated}}
| commander2 = Shamshir Khan Sardar Khan Murad Sher Khan Bakhshi Bahelia Ahmad Panie Thakur Bahelia Abdur Rashid Khan
| strength1 = Few soldiers
| strength2 = '''Total:''' 10,000 cavalry and infantry<ref name= ":10"/>{{Bulleted list|Shamshir Khan: 3,000–4,000<ref name= ":2"/>|Murad Sher Khan: 5,000<ref name= ":3"/>|Thakur Bahelia: 500{{Efn|Kalikinkar Datta writes 500 soldiers were under Thakur Bahelia while [[Jadunath Sarkar]] writes they were under Murad Sher Khan<ref name= ":2"/>}}}}
| casualties1 = Heavy
| casualties2 = Negligible
| caption = The city of Patna on the bank of the Ganges River
| image = City of Patna 19th century.jpg
| coordinates = {{coord|25|35|39|N|85|08|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = Bihar#India
| map_relief = yes
| map_label = Patna, Bihar
| map_marksize = 8
| map_size = 320px
| map_mark = red_pog.svg
}}

The '''Afghan occupation of Patna (1748)''' was a short-lived takeover of the city in January 1748 by dismissed Afghan soldiers led by Shamshir Khan and Sardar Khan. After [[Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan|Zain ud-Din Ahmad Khan]], the Deputy Governor of [[Patna]] and nephew of Nawab [[Alivardi Khan]], invited the Afghans to join his service, they assassinated him in the Chihil Sutun during a ceremonial audience on 13 January. Zain ud-Din’s father, Haji Ahmad, was captured, tortured for seventeen days to reveal hidden treasures, and died on 30 January. The Afghans plundered the palace, seized family members, and briefly held the city for three months before the revolt was suppressed by Alivardi Khan in the [[Battle of Rani Sarai]].

== Background ==
In November 1745, during Alivardi's fight with Marathas in the [[Battle of Naubatpur (1745)|battle of Naubatpur]] on the bank of [[Sone River]], he received no support from his Afghan generals Shamshir Khan and Sardar Khan. They later joined in a conspiracy with [[Raghuji I|Raghuji]] to overthrow Alivardi and divide the three Subahs of Bengal among them. Moreover, they had deputed to get rid of Zain ud–din Ahmad Khan, the governor of Bihar, for which they were promised two lakhs of rupees in addition to the Fauzdari of [[Darbhanga]] and the command of the 12,000 horse.<ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=387}}</ref> Alivardi therefore dismissed both of them from service in June 1746.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n152/mode/1up 130]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n102/mode/1up 78]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=24}}</ref> However the troops refused to leave until fully paid. They defied the Nawab, mistreated his messenger, and after skirmishes were forcibly ejected. They then encamped at [[Sakrigali]] with 6,000 men, demanding payment, before retiring to Darbhanga, [[Mithila (region)|Tirhut]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=24}}</ref>

Meanwhile Zain-ud-Din, emboldened by his prior military successes including his assistance to Alivardi Khan against [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar]] in the [[Battle of Katwa (1742)|Battle of Katwa]] in 1742 and his victories over Mustafa Khan at [[Battle of Patna (1745)|battle of Patna]] in March and [[Battle of Jagdishpur (1745)|battle of Jagdishpur]] in June 1745, developed ambitions to usurp the throne of Bengal by deposing his uncle Alivardi. During a visit to Murshidabad for the wedding of [[Siraj-ud-Daulah|Siraj ud-Daulah]], Zain ud-Din observed the power and wealth of Alivardi's two brothers, further fueling his designs. Zain ud-Din planned to treat Alivardi in the same manner that Alivardi had earlier overthrown and killed his own master and the former Nawab, [[Sarfaraz Khan]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n152/mode/1up 130]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=|pp=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n109/mode/1up 75–76]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|pp=387}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=24}}</ref>

To achieve his goal, Zainuddin sought to recruit experienced Afghan generals from Darbhanga into his army. Zain ud-Din wrote to Alivardi Khan, stating that the dismissed Afghan soldiers idling in Darbhanga formed terrible menace to his administration. As expelling them from the province was impossible, Zain ud-Din proposed enlisting their officers along with 3,000 troops into his service, with maintenance costs drawn from the [[Murshidabad]] treasury. Both Alivardi and his brother Haji Ahmad opposed him to take such action but Zain ud-Din insisted. Alivardi reluctantly approved the request, motivated primarily by affection for his nephew Zain ud-Din.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n152/mode/1up 130]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n110/mode/1up 76]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=|pp=387–388}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=25}}</ref>

== Prelude ==
After the return of his agent to Patna, Zain ud-Din sent his agents to the Afghans at Darbhanga, inviting them to come to Patna and to accept service in his army. On 10 December they left Darbhanga and by 16 December 1747, a large body of Afghans under Shamshir Khan, his sister's son Murad Sher Khan, Sardar Khan, and Bakhshi Bahelia reached [[Hajipur]], opposite Patna on the northern side of the [[Ganges]]. The Afghan leaders, suspecting Zain ud-Din's invitation to be a ruse aimed at their suppression, refrained from crossing the Ganges en masse. Instead, they halted at Hajipur for fifteen days while conducting negotiations with him. Eager to secure their service, Zain ud-Din traveled to Hajipur in a fast-sailing [[boat]], accompanied only by two or three personal attendants and his youngest son, Mirza Mahdi. Following an interview, the Afghan commanders crossed the river and established camp at Jafar Khan's garden in early January 1748.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n153/mode/1up 131]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n110/mode/1up 86]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=388}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=25}}</ref> A horde of 10,000 cavalry and infantry crossed the river and escaped at Jafar Khan's garden.<ref name=":10">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=388}} "It was only then that they, to the number of ten thousand horse and foot, crossed the Ganges and encamped at Jafar Khan's garden early in January, 1748 as directed by the Subahdar"</ref>

== Fall of Patna ==
By mutual agreement, January 13, 1748, was set for a formal audience between the Afghan chiefs and their followers with Zain ud-Din in the ''Chihil Sutun'' (Hall of Audience) at Patna. To reassure the Afghans of his good faith, Zain ud-Din issued an order widely regarded as imprudent that no soldiers be present in the hall. The troops in the city were barred from the venue per Zain ud-Din's directive.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n111/mode/1up 87]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=388}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=|pp=25–26, 32}}</ref> Only a small number of courtiers and officials were permitted inside: Muhammad Askar Khan, Mir Murtaza, Muralidhar (head of intelligence), Ramzani (superintendent of arms), Sitaram (artillery accounts controller), Mir Abdullah (a prominent Patna citizen), religious figures such as Shah Bandagi, and a few visitors paying respects.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n153/mode/1up 132]}}</ref>
[[File:Main street of Patna, 1814-15.jpg|thumb|Main street of Patna, showing one side of the Chowk, {{Circa|1814-15}}]]
On January 13, 1748, Afghan leaders Ahmad Panie, Murad Sher Khan, and Thakur Bahelia entered the Chihil Sutun with 500 troops for the scheduled audience with Zain ud-Din, the governor of Patna. Concurrently, Shamshir Khan positioned 3,000 to 4,000 Afghans at the city's center near the kotwal's platform, blocking the eastern gate and the primary route to the palace.<ref name=":2">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|pp=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n154/mode/1up 132–133]}} "On the appointed day, Ahmad Panie, Murad Sher, and Thakur Bahelia, with 500 Afghans, entered into the Chihil Satun to interview the Patna Governor, while Shamshir Khan arrived at the centre of the city, near the Kotwal's chabutara, with 3,000 or 4,000 Afghans"{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n111/mode/1up 87]}} "During the Court held for the purpose, there was an immense and boisterous crowd of three to four thousand Afghan soldiers fully armed, under Shamshir Khan, in the street leading to the palace, while the Audience Hall (Chihil satun) was thronged with another band of 500 Afghans under Murad Sher Khan"</ref> Murad Sher Khan had 5,000 soldiers with him.<ref name=":3">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=26}} "Shamshir Khan, the Afghan commander had three or four thousand armed soldiers with him ; Murad Sher Khan had 5,000 soldiers with him."</ref> Murad Sher Khan presented his soldiers one by one to Zain ud-Din. Upon learning of Shamshir Khan's advance, Murad Sher Khan directed his men to exit the hall to accommodate the incoming group. As the Afghans departed, Abdur Rashid Khan stabbed Zain ud-Din with a [[dagger]]; the blow proved ineffective due to the attacker's nervousness. Murad Sher Khan then struck a fatal sword blow, bisecting Zain ud-Din's body. The remains were dismembered and interred in a site in Patna's Begampur neighborhood.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=389}}</ref> Chaos ensued following the assassination. Many of Zain ud-Din's officers and attendants were killed or injured in futile attempts at resistance; a few escaped after being disarmed. In accordance with a premeditated plan, Shamshir Khan and Sardar Khan proceeded to occupy Zain ud-Din's palace.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n155/mode/1up 133]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n111/mode/1up 87]}}</ref>

Haji Ahmad, Zain ud-Din's father and the elder brother of Alivardi Khan, initially escaped through a breach in the palace wall while the Afghans entered, hiding in a neighboring house. Despite having time to flee to Bengal and join Alivardi, Haji Ahmad, obsessed with wealth and women stayed there. He was captured by the Afghans that evening and brought before Shamshir Khan. The Afghans subjected Haji Ahmad to seventeen days of torture to reveal his hidden treasures. The Afghans were under the impression that Haji Ahmad was responsible for the murder of their leader Mustafa Khan, so Shamshir Khan gave a hundred and one lashes. He was placed on an ass, his face painted half black and half white and was paraded round the city. Then he was chained to the leg of an elephant, and met a cruel and lingering death. Haji Ahmad succumbed to the effects of torture on 30 January 1748, and was buried on the banks of the Ganges near Sabalpur village.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n156/mode/1up 134]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n111/mode/1up 87]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=389}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Mishra|1970|p=32}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The city was subjugated to severe plunder and extortion for three months. Guards were posted at the residences of Zain ud-Din and Haji Ahmad, and their family members were taken captive by the Afghans. Bihar faced Afghan rule for three months from 13 January which ended with the [[Battle of Rani Sarai]] on 16 April 1748. The Afghans uncovered 70 lakh rupees in cash, along with large quantities of jewels and bullion. An additional three lakh rupees or several thousand, per varying accounts were seized from Zain ud-Din's chambers.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485/page/n156/mode/1up 134]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1964|pp=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n111/mode/1up 87–88],[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n116/mode/1up 92]}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thakur|1958|p=389}}</ref>
[[File:Alivardi Khan in 1748.jpg|thumb|Ikram ud-Daula son of Zain ud-Din was adopted by Shahamat Jang after the death of his father Zain ud-Din Ahmad and grandfather Haji Ahmad in Patna. {{Circa|1748}}]]

== See also ==
* [[Battle of Patna (1745)]]
* [[Battle of Jagdishpur (1745)]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Thakur |first=Upendra |date=1958 |title=Alivardi and the Afghans of Tirhut |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145227 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=21 |pages=376–392 |issn=2249-1937}}
* {{cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalinkar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49905/mode/1up |title=Alivardi and His Times |publisher=University of Calcutta |year=1939 |location=Calcutta |language=en |access-date=8 March 2025}}
* {{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/mode/2up |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire, Volume I 1739—1754 |year=1964 |volume=I |access-date=8 March 2025}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_History_of_Bengal.html?id=DiUKAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=The History of Bengal |date=1943 |publisher=The University of Dhaka |volume=II |location=Ramna, Dhaka |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Shree Govind |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/History_of_Bihar_1740_1772.html?id=-tO1AAAAIAAJ |title=History of Bihar, 1740-1772 |date=1970 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0382-2 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Bengal Subah]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1748]]
[[Category:1748 in India]]

Narendra Deoghare

2026-04-20T05:40:13Z

3muhammed4: made post!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1922)}}
{{One source|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Narendra R. Deoghare
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|5|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = Nagpur, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| constituency = [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|M P]]
| term_start = 1967
| term_end = 1971
| successor =
| predecessor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| predecessor2 =
| constituency2 =
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
| children = 4 sons, 1 daughters
| profession = [[Weaver (occupation)|Weaver]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 23 February
| year = 2012
| source =
}}

'''Narendra Ramchandra Deoghare''' (born 2 May 1922) was an Indian politician who served as a member of the 4th Lok Sabha from the [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]] constituency of [[Maharashtra]]. He was a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) party.

Deoghare attended Govindram Seksaria College of Commerce at Wardha. He was married to Mrs. Shashilabai and had four sons and one daughter and resided at Bhandara Road in Nagpur.

Deoghare was previously associated with the Praja Socialist Party. He was Chairman of Nagpur Resham and Vinkar Cooperative Society during 1956—60 and Director of Vidarbha Weavers Cooperative Society from 1946 to 1958. He was member of All India Cottage Industries Board. He worked as Member of District Congress Committee, Nagpur Pradesh Congress Committee and All India Congress Committee between 1955 and 1957.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/biodata_1_1/1757.htm |title= Official biographical sketch |publisher=Parliament of India website |accessdate=22 February 2012 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deoghare, Narendra R}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nagpur]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

75th Independence Anniversary Medal

2026-04-19T08:52:06Z

3muhammed4: Done!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{infobox military award
| name = 75th Independence Anniversary Medal
| image =[[File:75th Independence Anniversary Medal a.jpg|128px]][[File:75th Independence Anniversary Medal b.jpg|128px]]
| caption = Medal Obverse and Reverse
| presenter = {{IND}}
| country =
| type = [[Service medal]]
| eligibility = Members of the Indian Armed Forces, Territorial Army, Para Military Force, Central Police Organisations, and Police Forces
| awarded_for = All Armed Forces personnel borne on strength on 15 August 2022.
| campaign =
| status =
| description =
| motto =
| clasps =
| post-nominals =
| established = 2022
| firstawarded =
| lastawarded =
| total_awarded =
| total_awarded_posthumously =
| total_recipients =
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher = [[File:Indian Police Independence medal 1950.png|35px]] Indian Police Independence Medal{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}
| same =
| lower = [[File:IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|35px]] [[50th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
| related =
| image2 = [[File:75yearmedal.svg|100px]]
| caption2 = Ribbon bar
}}

The '''75th Independence Anniversary Medal''' was issued to commemorate the historic occasion of 75 years of the [[Indian independence movement|independence of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/adgpi/status/1558706752975032320|title=To commemorate historic occasion of 75 years of Independence, Government of India has instituted 75th Independence Anniversary Medal|date=2022-08-14|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref>

==Criteria==
The medal was issued by the Government of India through a Presidential Notification for all personnel of Armed Forces, [[Central Armed Police Forces]], Fire Service, Personnel of Central Police Organisations, [[Railway Protection Force]] and all state police forces borne on strength on 15 August 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/india-75-all-you-want-to-know-about-the-new-medal-to-mark-75th-independence-anniversary/2629614/|title=India @ 75: All you want to know about the new medal to mark 75th Independence anniversary|date=2022-08-14|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref>

==Design==
The medal is circular in shape and made of cupro-nickel. It is 35 mm in diameter and will have [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] on the front. The back will have the [[Ashoka Chakra]] with the words ''75th Anniversary of Independence'' along with ''1947-2022''. The ribbon is blue coloured and has the colours of the national flag in the middle. The background will be of 10 mm each on either side of the national flag, which will have each colour with a width of 4 mm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/ashoka-lion-on-front-chakra-on-the-back-india-to-award-special-medal-to-armed-forces-capf-on-75th-i-day-5748541.html|title=Special' Medal to be Awarded on I-day Will Have Ashoka Lion on Front, Chakra on the Back|date=2022-08-14|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/independence-day-2022-security-forces-to-be-awarded-special-medals-on-august-15-heres-why-5570778/|title=Independence Day 2022: Security Forces To Be Awarded Special Medals On August 15. Here's Why|date=2022-08-14|access-date=2022-08-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces}}

[[Category:Military awards and decorations of India]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in India]]

Nuvvu Naaku Nachav

2026-04-17T20:56:07Z

3muhammed4: starting new info!

{{short description|2001 Telugu film by K. Vijaya Bhaskar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nuvvu Naaku Nachchaav
| image = Nuvvu Naaku Nachav.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]]
| producer = [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]]
| writer = '''Screenplay''': K. Vijaya Bhaskar '''Story''' & '''Dialogues''': [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
| starring = [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] [[Aarthi Agarwal]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cinematography = K. Ravindra Babu
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]]
| distributor = [[Suresh Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|2001|09|06|df=y}}
| runtime = 180 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}7 [[crore]]<ref name=":8"/>
| gross = ₹18 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2001 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2001/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=2 July 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav''''' ({{Translation|I like you}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] who co-wrote the script with [[Trivikram Srinivas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=6 September 2023 |title=22 years of Nuvvu Naaku Nachav: Fans demand a re-release of Venkatesh's iconic film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/22-years-of-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-fans-demand-a-re-release-of-venkateshs-iconic-film/3f5609b8bf508 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]] under the [[Sri Sravanthi Movies]] banner, the film stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] and [[Aarthi Agarwal]], marking Agarwal's debut in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Liposuction that kills: Aarti Agarwal's death highlights the dark side of Tollywood |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/liposuction-that-kills-aarti-agarwals-death-highlights-the-dark-side-of-tollywood-2284150.html|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Firstpost|date=8 June 2015}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2019 |title=A timeless classic comedy Nuvvu Naku Nachav clocks 18 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/a-timeless-classic-comedy-nuvvu-naku-nachav-clocks-18-years/articleshow/71011593.cms |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The film follows Venky, a graduate from [[Anakapalli]], who moves to [[Hyderabad]] and develops feelings for Nandini, the daughter of his father's friend, despite her being engaged, leading to a complex interplay of love and familial bonds. The film was shoot in 85 days.

Released on 6 September 2001, the film received both critical and commercial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of its time.<ref name=":6" /> Over the years, it gained recognition for its storytelling and humour, attaining a [[Cult following|cult status]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2020-09-06 |title=19 years for 'Nuvvu Naaku Nachav': Venkatesh's rom-com is a cult classic for these reasons |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/19-years-for-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-venkateshs-rom-com-is-a-cult-classic-for-these-reasons/articleshow/77951342.cms |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film also marked one of the [[Breakthrough role|breakout roles]] for [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]], along with ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'' (2001), helping establish him as a leading comedian in the industry.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Krishna |date=2020-09-06 |title=19 Years Of Nuvvu Naaku Nachav : ఇంటిల్లపాదీ నవ్వుతూ మెచ్చిన 'నువ్వు నాకు నచ్చావ్' |url=https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/19-years-of-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-movie-special-story-on-venkatesh-and-trivikram-52458 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[[HMTV]] |language=te}}</ref>

''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' won five [[Nandi Awards]], including [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Best Home-viewing Feature Film]]. It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Vaseegara]]'' (2003), in Kannada as ''[[Gowramma]]'' (2005),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ramakrishna |date=2021-09-06 |title=20 ఏళ్ళ 'నువ్వు నాకు నచ్చావ్' |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/top-story/20-years-for-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-movie-special-story-52522.html |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |language=te-IN}}</ref> and in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''Majnu'' (2013).

== Plot ==
Venkateswarlu "Venky" is an unemployed graduate from [[Anakapalli]]. He moves to [[Hyderabad]] to find a job on his father Sekharam's insistence. He arrives at his father's childhood friend, Srinivasa Moorthy's house to stay there.

Meanwhile, Moorthy's daughter Nandini "Nandu" is engaged to Prasad, a software professional from the USA. Venky helps the family in making arrangements and soon bonds with everyone. He also has petty fights with Nandu who start their relationship with hatred that later turns into a friendship. At the request of Sekharam, Murthy helps Venky in securing a job. Moorthy's sister Sujatha also arrives at their house. She shares a special bond with her niece Nandu and talks about the importance of marriage and finding a loving partner.

Soon, Nandu develops feelings for Venky and confesses her love to him. Venky, who does not want to spoil the relationship between their parents, leaves the house. However, Murthy goes to the railway station and talks to Venky. As Venky returns, Nandu stops talking to him. Later, Venky accompanies Nandu and Pinky (Nandu's cousin) to Nandu's friend Asha's wedding. After the wedding, they go to an amusement park where they meet a photographer. Following their trip, Venky also realizes his love for Nandu but does not express it, pretending not to have any feelings for her.

As Nandu's wedding approaches, Venky takes the onus of making arrangements for it. The demure Nandu is shattered and tells Sujatha about her love. Sujatha talks to Venky, asking him not to let Nandu suffer by rejecting her. Sekharam overhears the conversation that leaves him speechless. On the other hand, Prasad's family gets hold of a photo in which Venky and Nandu intimately hold their hands. They demand additional dowry of {{INR|1 [[crore]]}} from Moorthy for the marriage, alleging that his daughter has an affair with Venky. Furious Moorthy admonishes Nandu but Sujatha backs her by telling him that falling in love is not a woman's fault.

Venky goes to Prasad's family and begs them not to call off the wedding. He vouches that Nandu is not at fault but Prasad's family couldn't care less. Moorthy arrives and asks them to leave. Moorthy tells Venky that he shouldn't have kept his love hidden. Venky, however, is ready to sacrifice his love so that Moorthy and Sekharam's friendship is not spoiled. Moorthy is moved and lets Venky marry his daughter.

On their wedding day, the photographer confesses that he handed over their photo to the house servant Banthi to deliver to the bridegroom, believing that Nandu and Venky were getting married. Banthi, however, gave the photo to Prasad. The photographer is shocked to learn that the previous wedding was called off due to his photo and a new wedding is taking place.

== Cast ==
{{Cast list|

* [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as C. Venkateswarlu "Venky"
* [[Aarthi Agarwal]] as Nandini "Nandu" (voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Pinnamaneni Srinivasa Murthy "Srinu" Nandu's father
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] as Sujatha, Nandu's aunt (extended cameo appearance)
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as C. Sekharam
* [[Babloo Prithiveeraj|Prithvi]] as Mohan, Asha's fiancé
* [[Asha Saini]] as Asha, Nandu's friend
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Ashok, Prasad's father
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Photographer Brahmamurthy
* [[Babu Mohan]] as Prasad's relative
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as Prasad's relative
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Pinnamaneni Guru Murthy “Chanti”, Nandu's uncle
* [[Shiju]] as Prasad, Nandu's fiancé
* [[Shankar Melkote|Melkote]] as M.D.
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Lakshmi, Nandu's mother
* [[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Padma, Nandu's aunt and Chanti's wife
* [[Sudeepa Pinky|Sudeepa]] as Pinky, Nandu's Cousin
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Asha's aunty
* [[Kalpana Rai]] as Cook
* Padma Jayanthi as Prasad's mother
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Banthi, Nandu's servant
* [[Bandla Ganesh]] as Mohan's friend
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Asha's uncle
* [[Chitti Babu (actor)|Chitti Babu]] as Priest
* Giridhar as Venky's friend
* K. K. Sarma as Priest

}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
After the success of ''[[Nuvve Kavali]]'' (2000), producer [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]] decided to collaborate again with director [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] and writer [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. Impressed by their previous work, he had already given them an advance for their next film, which became ''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav''.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Vinayaka Rao |date=2022-07-24 |title=Nuvvu Naaku Nachav: బొమ్మ.. మూడు వారాలు ఆడితే గొప్పే అన్నారు |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2022/oldies/this-is-story-behind-the-movie-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-kbkmrgschitrajyothy-32817.html |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Chitra Jyothy |publisher=[[Andhra Jyothy]] |language=te}}</ref> Vijaya Bhaskar and Trivikram were tasked with crafting a family-oriented story.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=6 September 2021 |title=Nuvvu Naaku Nachav: 20 వసంతాల క్లాసిక్‌ 'నువ్వు నాకు నచ్చావ్‌' |url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/venkatesh-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-classic-movie-turns-20-years/0201/121183716 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[[Eenadu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906075641/https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/venkatesh-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-classic-movie-turns-20-years/0201/121183716 |archive-date=6 September 2021 }}</ref> They completed the script in two months, and it received unanimous approval from the team for its strong narrative.<ref name=":4" />

Since much of the film is set within a single house, outdoor sequences were added to provide variety. This led to the inclusion of the [[Ooty]] episode and [[Flora Saini|Asha Saini]]'s wedding scenes.<ref name=":8" /> Similarly, [[Brahmanandam]]'s character, which was not part of the original script, was included to add humour and variety to the second half of the film. The character was inspired by [[Mr. Bean (character)|Mr. Bean]]'s comedic style.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-06 |title=20 ఏళ్లయినా అందుకే 'నువ్వు నాకు నచ్చావ్‌! |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/sitara/cinema/venkateshs-nuvvu-naaku-nachav-classic-movie-turns-20-years/na20210906140651432 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=te}}</ref> The dinner scene in the film was influenced by a similar scene from ''[[Meet the Parents]]'' (2000).

=== Casting ===
Initially, there were discussions about casting actor [[Tarun (Telugu actor)|Tarun]] in the lead role, but due to the requirement for strong comedic timing and emotional depth, the team decided to opt for a different actor. At this point, producer [[D. Suresh Babu|Suresh Babu]] informed Sravanthi Ravi Kishore about the availability of actor [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]’s dates. Vijaya Bhaskar and Trivikram then presented the story to Venkatesh, who expressed interest, and the film went into production.<ref name=":2" />

For the female lead, actresses such as [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]] and [[Gajala]] were initially considered, but ultimately, [[Aarthi Agarwal]], who had previously acted in a Hindi film, was chosen. ''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' marked her Telugu debut.<ref name=":2" />

For the role of the heroine's father, director Vijaya Bhaskar suggested [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], but producer Sravanthi Ravi Kishore insisted on casting [[Prakash Raj]].<ref name=":7" /> Due to a ban on Prakash Raj by the [[Movie Artists Association]] (MAA), scenes without his character were filmed first. Once the ban was lifted, Prakash Raj joined the shoot and completed his scenes in 17 days.<ref name=":8" />

=== Filming ===
A house set, designed by art director Peketi Ranga, was constructed at [[Ramanaidu Studios]] in [[Nanakramguda]], costing around ₹60 [[lakh]]. This set became a key location in the film.<ref name=":4" /> The song "Naa Choope Ninu" was described by Vijaya Bhaskar as a "haunting tune," which led the team to shoot it abroad. Filmed in [[New Zealand]] for its vibrant and picturesque landscapes, the cold weather presented challenges, especially for Venkatesh, who had to wear light costumes.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/HasamTelugu/Hasam_2001_10_16_068%20P/page/n13/mode/2up?view=theater&q=%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81+%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81+%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C |title=నువ్వు నాకు నచ్చావ్‌ |date=15–31 October 2001 |publisher=Haasam |page=14 |language=te}}</ref>

Filming was completed in just 64 days. The total production cost of ''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' was ₹4.5 [[crore]], excluding Venkatesh's fee of ₹2.5 crore.<ref name=":8" />

=== Post-production ===
After filming concluded, [[Re-recording (filmmaking)|re-recording]] began with composer [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]. Initially, the result did not meet producer Sravanthi Ravi Kishore's expectations. However, after revising the work, Koti delivered a version that satisfied Ravi Kishore.<ref name=":4" /> Koti completed the re-recording in 25 days.<ref name=":6" />

The film was released with a runtime of over three hours. Concerns were raised regarding its length, particularly about the episode featuring [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]], which was suggested for removal. However, Sravanthi Ravi Kishore insisted on retaining every scene, ensuring that not a single scene was cut.<ref name=":4" />

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nuvvu Naaku Nachchav
| type = film
| artist = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2001
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 29:17
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| prev_title = [[Naalo Unna Prema]]
| prev_year = 2001
| next_title = [[Adhipathi]]
| next_year = 2001
}}
The soundtrack for ''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] and released by [[Aditya Music]]. It quickly achieved triple [[platinum disc]] status upon its release.<ref name=":9" />

"Okkasari Cheppaleva" is based on the [[Robert Miles]]' song "[[Fable (song)|Fable]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik Srinivasan |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Telugu |url=https://www.itwofs.com/telugu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190629040452/https://www.itwofs.com/telugu.html#selection-179.23-179.39 |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref> For the same song, lyricist [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]] penned 60 different versions of the [[pallavi]]. Ultimately, the first version was finalised for the film.<ref name=":4" />

"Naa Choope Ninu" was sung by Sriram Prabhu, marking his playback debut for Venkatesh. An alternate version was recorded with a North Indian singer, but the team ultimately chose Sriram Prabhu’s rendition as it was deemed more suitable.<ref name=":9" />

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 29:17
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Unna Mata Cheppaneevu
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| length1 = 4:43
| title2 = O Navvu Chalu
| lyrics2 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length2 = 4:48
| title3 = Aakasam Dhigi Vachi
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length3 = 5:10
| title4 = Naa Choope Ninu
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra4 = [[K. S. Chithra]], Sriram Prabhu
| length4 = 4:15
| title5 = O Priyathama
| lyrics5 = [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 5:17
| title6 = Okkasari Cheppaleva
| lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra6 = K. S. Chithra, [[Kumar Sanu]]
| length6 = 5:11
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
}}

== Release ==
''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' was released on 6 September 2001, with the date announced three months in advance. Producer Sravanthi Ravi Kishore adopted a transparent approach by allowing distributors to preview the film's [[Dailies|rushes]] and arrange screenings upon request.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2001 |title=Ready for the Release - Nuvvu Naaku Nachav |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/nnn.html |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> The film had a wide release with 113 prints across 147 centres,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Records - Venky's Cycle Stand position - Nuvvu Naaku Nachav and Jayam Manadera |url=http://idlebrain.com/trade/records/nnn.html |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Idlebrain.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020320022932/http://idlebrain.com/trade/records/nnn.html |archive-date=20 March 2002 }}</ref> marking the largest release of Venkatesh's career at the time.<ref name=":3" />

== Reception ==

=== Box office ===
The film had a theatrical business of ₹7.24 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuvvu Naaku Nachav Collections |date=6 September 2021 |url=https://telugu.filmyfocus.com/nuvvu-naaku-nachav-movie-final-total-worldwide-collections/}}</ref> and earned a [[Distributor rentals|distributors' share]] of ₹2.63 crore in its opening week.<ref name=":5" /> It eventually collected a total distributors' share of ₹18 crore during its entire theatrical run, emerging as the third highest-grossing Telugu film at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venky Box Office |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starhomes/venky/boxoffice.html |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Number Four Blockbuster of the year 2001 - Nuvvu Naaku Nachav |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/y2k1/nnn.html |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Idlebrain.com}}</ref>

The film had a 50-day run in 93 centres<ref>[http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/tradestory24.html Cycle Stand – Telugu Cinema Trade Story]</ref> and a 100-day run in 57 centres.<ref>[http://idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/tradestory32.html Cycle Stand – Telugu Cinema Trade Story]</ref><ref name=":3" /> It also celebrated a 175-day run in three centres.<ref>[http://www.cinegoer.com/venky175.htm CineGoer.com – Box-Office Records And Collections – Venkatesh's 175-Day Centres List] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212224008/http://www.cinegoer.com/venky175.htm|date=12 February 2007}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

=== Critical reception ===
''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 4/5, and was in praise of the performances of the lead cast and the screenplay. "The strength of the film is Venky, Aarti, the comedy dialogues and sensible direction," the reviewer added.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Cinema - Review - Nuvvu Naaku Nachav - Sravanti Ravi Kishore - Venkatesh, Aarti Agrawal - Koti - Vijaya Bhaskar|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-nnn.html|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' which rated 3 stars out of 5, criticised the film for "lack of freshness", and "weak screenplay," and opined that the film resembles a "wedding album."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuvvu Naaku Nachav|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvu-naaku-nachav-review-telugu-pclullabcedcd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826175534/https://www.sify.com/movies/nuvvu-naaku-nachav-review-telugu-pclullabcedcd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 August 2021|access-date=2020-12-28|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
''Nuvvu Naaku Nachav'' is considered one of the most celebrated comedies in Venkatesh's career and is regarded as a classic of early 2000s Telugu cinema. The character of Banthi, portrayed by [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]], became particularly popular, contributing to his rise as one of the leading comedians in the industry.<ref name=":4" />

The film's dialogues and comedy scenes have become iconic, and it continues to garner high ratings during frequent television broadcasts.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

==Remakes==
The film was remade in Tamil as ''[[Vaseegara]]'' (2003) and in Kannada as ''[[Gowramma]]'' (2005).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Best Home-viewing Feature Film]] - [[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] - [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist|Best Female Dubbing Artist]] - [[Savitha Radhakrishnan|Savitha Reddy]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Dialogue Writer|Best Dialogue Writer]] - [[Trivikram Srinivas]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]] - [[Suchitra Chandrabose|Suchitra]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0311594|title=Nuvvu Naaku Nachav}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Home Viewing Feature Film}}
{{K. Vijaya Bhaskar}}
{{Trivikram Srinivas}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Vijaya Bhaskar]]
[[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]

Nagpur North Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:49:01Z

3muhammed4: made details!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nagpur North
| map_image = 57-Nagpur North.svg
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]]
| reservation = SC
| established = 1967
| mla = [[Nitin Raut]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 57
| electors = 428,993
}}
'''Nagpur North Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in central India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> It is one of the six assembly seats which make up [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. The constituency is represented by Nitin Raut, who serves as a minister in the Government of Maharashtra. By Saksham bhau

==Extent of the constituency==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following neighbourhoods:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Neighbourhood
|-
| Jaripatka
|-
|- Aziz Colony Chandrayangutta))
|-
| Mankapur
|-
| Wanjra ( Ajri Majri )
|-
| Kalamna Market
|-
| New Khasala
|-
| Teka Naka
|-
|Indora (Kamal Chowk part)
|-
|Rani Durgawati chowk
|-
| Vaishali Nagar
|-
| Shanti Nagar
|-
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan="4"|{{center|''Until 1967: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| P. R. Wasnik
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Daulatrao Ganvir
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| rowspan="2"|Suryakant Dongre
| {{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Damyantibai Deshbhratar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Upendra Shende
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Badhel Bhola Janglu
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="3"|[[Nitin Raut]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Milind Mane]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| Rowspan=2|[[Nitin Raut]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nagpur North">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nagpur North |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1357.htm |access-date=7 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207090632/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1357.htm |archive-date=7 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 127,877 |percentage = 51.22% |change={{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Milind Mane|Dr. Milind Mane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 99,410 |percentage = 39.82% |change={{increase}}5.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manoj Dashrath Sangole |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 12,487 |percentage = 5.00% |change={{decrease}}7.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dongare Kirti Deepak |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 3,819 |percentage = 1.53% |change={{decrease}}3.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 988 |percentage = 0.40% |change={{decrease}}0.63 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,467 |percentage = 11.40% |change= {{increase}}0.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 250,632 |percentage = 58.42% |change= {{increase}}7.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 249,644}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 428,993|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 86,821 |percentage = 44.80% |change={{increase}}17.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Milind Mane|Dr. Milind Mane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 66,127 |percentage = 34.12% |change={{decrease}}3.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Bhagwan Sakhare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 23,333 |percentage = 12.04% |change={{decrease}}18.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dongare Kirti Deepak |party=All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 9,318 |percentage = 4.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vinay Purushottam Bhange |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 5,599 |percentage = 2.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,986 |percentage = 1.02% |change={{increase}}0.62 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,694 |percentage = 10.68% |change= {{increase}}3.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 195,842 |percentage = 50.90% |change= {{decrease}}3.15 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 193,785}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 384,742|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.79 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Milind Mane|Dr. Milind Mane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 68,905 |percentage = 38.08% |change={{increase}}12.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kishore Uttamrao Gajbhiye Ias (R) |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 55,187 |percentage = 30.50% |change={{increase}}21.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 50,042 |percentage = 27.65% |change={{decrease}}9.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 734 |percentage = 0.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,718 |percentage = 7.58% |change= {{decrease}}3.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 181,756 |percentage = 53.75% |change= {{increase}}5.60 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 180,952}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 338,120|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 57,929 |percentage = 37.52% |change={{decrease}}12.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tambe Rajesh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 40,067 |percentage = 25.95% |change={{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Milind Mane|Dr. Milind Mane]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 23,662 |percentage = 15.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dharampal Alias Dharamkumar Deorao Patil |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 13,447 |percentage = 8.71% |change={{decrease}}10.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sangode Neha |party=Indian Union Muslim League |votes = 5,382 |percentage = 3.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sangole Manoj Dashrath |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,111 |percentage = 2.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Kavita Sonkusare (Shende) |party=Democratic Secular Party |votes = 2,481 |percentage = 1.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,862 |percentage = 11.57% |change= {{decrease}}14.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 154,892 |percentage = 48.08% |change= {{increase}}1.93 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 154,379}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 322,158|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}12.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 70,758 |percentage = 50.26% |change={{decrease}}2.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nanaji Sitaram Shamkule]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 33,556 |percentage = 23.83% |change={{decrease}}10.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajesh Tambe |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 27,704 |percentage = 19.68% |change={{increase}}15.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Milind Mane|Dr. Milind Mane]] |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 3,714 |percentage = 2.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Waman Shivaji Somkuwar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,259 |percentage = 0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Upendra Mangal Das Shende |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,222 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,202 |percentage = 26.42% |change= {{increase}}8.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 140,806 |percentage = 45.99% |change= {{decrease}}3.62 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,791}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 306,139|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.60 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Raut|Dr. Nitin Kashinath Raut]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 67,110 |percentage = 52.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryavanshi (K. P. ) Krushnakumar Premlal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,658 |percentage = 34.10% |change={{decrease}}7.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karwade Rajendra Domaji |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,714 |percentage = 4.46% |change={{decrease}}5.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Dharmkumar Deorao |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,375 |percentage = 3.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhola Jangluji Badhel |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,313 |percentage = 2.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shende Upendra Mangaldas |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,612 |percentage = 2.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,452 |percentage = 18.32% |change= {{increase}}5.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 130,726 |percentage = 50.64% |change= {{decrease}}13.54 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,046}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 258,134|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Badhel Bhola Janglu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,488 |percentage = 41.11% |change={{increase}}17.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shende Upendra Mangaldas |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 44,320 |percentage = 28.70% |change={{decrease}}8.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Motghare Rajratan Wamanrao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 16,084 |percentage = 10.42% |change={{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sheikh Mustafa Sheikh Husain |party=Independent politician |votes = 11,872 |percentage = 7.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Janorkar Ramratan Jalim |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,659 |percentage = 3.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandurang Shrawanji Hiwrale |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,133 |percentage = 1.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Karwade Charandas Haridas |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,235 |percentage = 0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,168 |percentage = 12.41% |change= {{decrease}}1.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 157,411 |percentage = 64.37% |change= {{increase}}18.89 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 154,424}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 244,547|ref = |change= {{increase}}20.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |swing= {{increase}}3.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shende Upendra Mangaldas |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 33,603 |percentage = 37.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Badhel Bhola |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 21,358 |percentage = 23.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lokhande Bhaurao Bajirao |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,205 |percentage = 15.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Motghare Rajratan Wamanrao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,277 |percentage = 6.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nahar Shersingh Ramuji |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 6,186 |percentage = 6.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raut Nitin Alias Namdeo Kashinath |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,947 |percentage = 4.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Samundre Niolprabha Horilal |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 827 |percentage = 0.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,245 |percentage = 13.59% |change= {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 91,033 |percentage = 44.72% |change= {{increase}}0.13 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,094}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 203,556|ref = |change= {{increase}}38.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.30 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Damuantibai Madhukar Deshbhratar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,507 |percentage = 54.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dongre Suryakant Jagobaji |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 26,364 |percentage = 40.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramdas Vithobaji Meshram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,687 |percentage = 2.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dinanath Jagdish Bagade |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,020 |percentage = 1.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,143 |percentage = 14.06% |change= {{increase}}2.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,670 |percentage = 44.57% |change= {{increase}}0.46 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,029}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,342|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |swing= {{increase}}0.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dongre Suryakant Jagobaji |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 29,397 |percentage = 53.66% |change={{increase}}7.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Belekar Pushpchandra Marotrao |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,975 |percentage = 41.93% |change={{decrease}}0.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pantawane Mahanand Haribhau |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 2,416 |percentage = 4.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,422 |percentage = 11.72% |change= {{increase}}8.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,331 |percentage = 44.11% |change= {{decrease}}22.45 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 54,788}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,442|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |loser = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |swing= {{increase}}7.49 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dongre Suryakant Jagobaji |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 34,598 |percentage = 46.16% |change={{increase}}22.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Balkrishna Ramchandra Wasnik]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 32,121 |percentage = 42.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganvir Daulatrao Husan |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 3,560 |percentage = 4.75% |change={{decrease}}25.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gabhiye Kashinath Lataru |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 2,840 |percentage = 3.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uke Tarachand Gomaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 756 |percentage = 1.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lanjewar Bhimshankar Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 450 |percentage = 0.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,477 |percentage = 3.31% |change= {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,300 |percentage = 67.32% |change= {{increase}}7.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,945}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,340|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |loser = All India Forward Bloc |swing= {{increase}}13.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Daulatrao Husanji Ganvir |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes = 22,993 |percentage = 33.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpat Hiralal Bhagat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,135 |percentage = 30.41% |change={{decrease}}14.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryankant J. Dongre |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 16,123 |percentage = 23.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kisan Hanuji Jambhulkar |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 3,546 |percentage = 5.10% |change={{decrease}}34.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukarrao S. Wasnik |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,590 |percentage = 3.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Damyantibai S. Dongre |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,463 |percentage = 2.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaiyyasaheb Chaware |party=Independent politician |votes = 488 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,858 |percentage = 2.67% |change= {{decrease}}2.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,820 |percentage = 59.58% |change= {{decrease}}3.85 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,493}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,861|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = All India Forward Bloc |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.78 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur North<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=P. R. Wasnik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,404 |percentage = 44.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. G. Songare |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 25,754 |percentage = 39.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. H. Shambharkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,905 |percentage = 5.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. L. Jambhurkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,826 |percentage = 5.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. R. Sonak |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,725 |percentage = 2.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. T. Patel |party=Independent politician |votes = 656 |percentage = 1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,650 |percentage = 5.57% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,025 |percentage = 66.59% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,534}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,166|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|21.22|79.09|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagpur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Sonamura South Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:29:46Z

3muhammed4: added new info w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sonamura South
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1963
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 14,924
| mla = B. Ali
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Sonamura South Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B. Ali || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
== Election results ==
=== 1967 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonamura South<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ali |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,888 |percentage=65.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. R. Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=4,140 |percentage=34.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,748 |percentage=31.16% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,028 |percentage=83.28% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,924 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
[[Category:1963 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

Satish Pednekar

2026-04-12T00:59:11Z

3muhammed4: added a pg from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician and former cabinet minister}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Satish Pednekar
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 2011
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Parel Assembly constituency|Parel]]
| term_start = 1980
| term_end = 1985
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| office2 = Home and Labour Minister of Maharashtra
| term_start2 = 1980
| term_end2 = 1985
| spouse = Sumitra Pednekar
| children = [[Bhumi Pednekar]]
| occupation = Politician
| known_for =
}}
'''Satish Pednekar''' was an Indian politician hailing from the state of [[Maharashtra]]. In 1980, he was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the legislative assembly]] from the [[Parel Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Sumit |title=Political power play between A.R. Antulay and Babasaheb Bhosale start taking its toll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19820430-political-power-play-between-ar-antulay-and-babasaheb-bhosale-start-taking-its-toll-771745-2013-10-15 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=30 April 1982}}</ref> from the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{cite web|title=1980 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Maharashtra |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/1980/maharashtra/36/30 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> He served as the Home and Labour Minister of Maharashtra,<ref name="Pednekar"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Lokrajya |date=1983 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Directorate-General of Information and Public Relations]] |pages=32, 44}}</ref> also handled the ministry of Slum Improvement, Home Repairs, and Reconstruction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Recorder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sw0uAQAAIAAJ&q=Slum+rehabilitation+minister+Satish+Pednekar |date=1983 |page=171}}</ref> He had also served as the head of [[Seva Dal]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=P. R. Dubhashi |author1-link=P. R. Dubhashi |title=Building Up a New University |date=2000 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=9788177640083}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Pednekar was married to Sumitra and the two had met when she was the general secretary for a students' union in [[Haryana]] and he was working with the [[Indian Youth Congress]]. Pednekar died from complications of [[oral cancer]], in 2011.<ref name="Pednekar">{{cite news |last1=Ganesan |first1=Ranjita |title=Sumitra Pednekar, the woman who is taking the fight to tobacco companies |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sumitra-pednekar-the-woman-who-is-taking-the-fight-to-tobacco-companies-117061601353_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616185505/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/sumitra-pednekar-the-woman-who-is-taking-the-fight-to-tobacco-companies-117061601353_1.html |archive-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>

His daughter, [[Bhumi Pednekar]], is an actress working in [[Hindi cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Agarwal |first1=Palak |title=Bhumi Pednekar pens down a birthday wish for her late father, says, 'miss you everyday' |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/celebrity/bhumi-pednekar-pens-down-a-birthday-wish-for-her-late-father-says-miss-you-everyday/100351878 |publisher=Mirchi.in |date=20 May 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pednekar, Satish}}
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

Olu Saar Bari Olu

2026-04-08T04:41:52Z

3muhammed4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Olu Saar Bari Olu
| image = Olu Saar Bari Olu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = Nagendra Magudi
| writer = Thadoor Keshav (dialogue)
| screenplay = Nagendra Magadi
| story = Thadoor Keshav{{Efn|Although the film is a remake, Thadoor Keshav takes credit for the story.}}
| based_on = 
| producer = Ananda Apagola
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
*[[Ramesh Aravind]]
*[[Anu Prabhakar]]
*[[Mohan Shankar|Mohan]]
*Balaraj
*[[Pramod Chakravarthy (actor)|Pramod Chakravarthy]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Anaji Nagaraj
| editing = Lakshman Sanjeev
| music = Rajdev
| studio = Sri Sangolli Rayanna Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|10|29}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Olu Saar Bari Olu''''' ({{Translation|Lies sir, just lies}}) is a 2002 Indian Kannada-language comedy film directed by Nagendra Magudi. A remake of the Marathi film ''[[ Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]'' (1988),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/33-years-of-ashi-hi-banwa-banwi-five-interesting-facts-about-sachin-pilgoankar-and-ashok-sarafs-iconic-comedy-film/photostory/86451041.cms|title=33 Years Of 'Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi': FIVE Interesting Facts About Sachin Pilgoankar And Ashok Saraf's Iconic Comedy Film|date=23 September 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=4 December 2023|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515063607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/33-years-of-ashi-hi-banwa-banwi-five-interesting-facts-about-sachin-pilgoankar-and-ashok-sarafs-iconic-comedy-film/photostory/86451041.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> the film stars [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Ramesh Aravind]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Mohan Shankar|Mohan]], Balaraj and [[Pramod Chakravarthy (actor)|Pramod Chakravarthy]]. The original story itself is based on Sailesh Dey's Bengali play ''Joymakali Boarding'', which was also made in Kannada as ''[[Bombat Hendthi]]'' (1992).

== Plot ==
Raghupati, a makeup artist for Roja, stays in his homeowner's house with his brother Pammi in Bangalore. His friends Sadanand and Balu want to stay in the house too but the homeowner doesn't let them. They come across Jayanthi Deshpande's house, who only lends her house to couples. Raghupati comes up with a plan where Sadanand and Balu come to the house dressed as Pammi's and Ragupati's wives, respectively. How they hide their identities and how they console their girlfriends forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Jayanthi Deshpande
*[[Ramesh Aravind]] as Raghupati a.k.a. Olu Raghu
*[[Anu Prabhakar]] as Roja
*[[Mohan Shankar|Mohan]] as Sadanand a.k.a. Chandralekha
*Balaraj as Balu a.k.a. Chitralekha
*[[Pramod Chakravarthy (actor)|Pramod Chakravarthy]] as Pammi
*[[Ruchita Prasad]]
*Hamsa
*Ushakiran
*[[Bank Janardhan]] as Raghupati and Pammi's houseowner
*[[Karibasavaiah]]
*[[Tennis Krishna]]
*[[Vaijanath Biradar]]
*[[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]]
}}

== Production ==
The film was reported to be similar to ''Samayakkondu Sullu'' (1996) and was made with the intention to make the audience laugh for two-and-a-half hours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/news/volume2/current_olu.asp|title=Olu Saar Bari Olu - hilarious comedy movie by Ramesh|work=Viggy|access-date=2023-12-04|archive-date=2023-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210033211/http://www.viggy.com/news/volume2/current_olu.asp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_hudgeeru.asp|title=Hudgeeru Saar Hudgeeru- comedy film of Mohan|work=Viggy|access-date=2023-12-04|archive-date=2003-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030809041635/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_hudgeeru.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Rajdev.<ref>{{cite web |title=Olu Sir Olu Songs, Download Olu Sir Olu Movie Songs For Free Online at Saavn.com |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/olu-sir-olu/Tkxx8JR8xhc_ |website=[[JioSaavn]] |access-date=5 December 2023 |date=18 May 2002}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mavane Nanna Rajane
| length1 = 4:25
| all_lyrics = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]].
| extra1 = [[B. Jayashree]]
| title2 = Ee Jaghave Ondhu Maya
| length2 = 4:51
| extra2 = Rajdev, [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
| title3 = Seereyannu Hudisidare
| length3 = 4:11
| extra3 = [[Sangeetha Katti]], [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]
| title4 = Prema Vasantha
| length4 = 5:08
| extra4 = [[Mano (singer)|Manu]], Sangeetha Katti
| title5 = Olu Sir Idhella
| length5 = 4:38
| extra5 = Hemanth, Nanditha, Rajdev
| total_length = 23:13
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''Viggy'' praised the performances of the cast and the film's sense of comedy while criticizing the music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/review_olu.asp|title='Olu Saar... Bari Olu'|work=Viggy|access-date=2023-12-04|archive-date=2022-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220153026/http://www.viggy.com/english/review_olu.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> The reviewer for ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' too reviewed the film positively and wrote that the film "...sure to have you splitting at the sides."<ref>{{cite web |title=FILM REVIEWS: Olu saar bari olu (Kannada) |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec01/filmr.asp |publisher=Deccan Herald |access-date=30 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030810045102/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec01/filmr.asp |archive-date=10 August 2003 |date=1 December 2002}}</ref>

The film was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_2004_100days.asp|title=Three films celebrating 100 days|work=Viggy|access-date=2023-12-04|archive-date=2022-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817044143/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_2004_100days.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Noteslist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|14691782}}

[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:2002 Kannada-language films]]

Pravesh Ratn

2026-04-03T05:27:23Z

3muhammed4:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[ Delhi Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Pravesh Ratn''' (born 1984)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pravesh Ratn(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PATEL NAGAR(CENTRAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/delhi2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9441 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pravesh Ratn, Patel Nagar (SC) AAP Election Results 2025: Pravesh Ratn Political Career, Age, Education, News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/delhi/candidate-pravesh-ratn-372 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from Patel Nagar Assembly constituency, which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]], in [[New Delhi district]]. He won the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Patel Nagar Chunav Result 2025: AAP के प्रवेश रत्न जीते, BJP के राज कुमार आनंद 4049 वोटों से हारे |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/patel-nagar-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2025-live-rajkumar-anand-vs-pravesh-ratn-9016450.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patel Nagar Election Results 2025 Highlights: AAPs Pravesh Ratn Wins Patel Nagar Assembly Seat |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/patel-nagar-election-result-2025-vote-counting-live-patel-nagar-vidhan-sabha-chunav-natije-winner-and-losser-candidate-pravesh-ratn-raaj-kumar-anand-krishna-tirath-votes-margin-bjp-aap-congress-delhi-assembly-election-2855306.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Patel Nagar">{{cite news |date=8 February 2025 |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Patel Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0524.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312065916/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0524.htm |archive-date=12 March 2025 |access-date=12 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Patel Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |date=8 February 2025 |title=Patel Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/patel-nagar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312065927/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/patel-nagar |archive-date=12 March 2025 |access-date=12 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ratn is from [[Patel Nagar]], New Delhi district. He is the son of Ramesh Chandra Ratn. He studied Class 12 and passed the examinations conducted by NIOS, New Delhi in 2002. He is a businessman and his wife runs a fitness centre.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Ratn won from [[Patel Nagar Assembly constituency]] representing the Aam Aadmi Party in the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. He polled 57,512 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Raaj Kumar Anand]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by 4,049 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Patel Nagar Election Results 2025: पटेल नगर से फिर जीती आम आदमी पार्टी, प्रवेश रत्न ने राजकुमार आनंद को दी मात |url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/patel-nagar-delhi-election-chunav-result-2025-aap-pravesh-ratn-bjp-raaj-kumar-anand-congress-krishna-tirath-patel-nagar-assembly-seat-results/3804618/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patel Nagar Election Results 2025: How Pravesh Ratn, Raaj Kumar Anand performed in Patel Nagar constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/delhi/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-results-how-pravesh-ratn-raaj-kumar-anand-performed-in-patel-nagar-constituency-3396477 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> He lost the [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] on a BJP ticket to [[Raaj Kumar Anand]] of AAP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Patel Nagar elections result 2025: AAP's Pravesh Ratn wins, defeats BJP's Raaj Kumar Anand - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/delhi-patel-nagar-election-result-2025-live-updates-pravesh-ratn-raaj-kumar-anand-krishna-tirath-19554824.htm |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> In December 2024, he joined the Aam Aadmi Party after being with the BJP for over a decade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-12-05 |title=Jatav leader Pravesh Ratn quits BJP, joins AAP ahead of Delhi elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2024/Dec/05/jatav-leader-pravesh-ratn-quits-bjp-joins-aap-ahead-of-delhi-elections |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi BJP leader and prominent Jatav face Pravesh Ratn joins AAP">{{cite news |title=Delhi BJP leader and prominent Jatav face Pravesh Ratn joins AAP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-bjp-pravesh-ratn-aap-9705993/ |access-date=12 March 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=4 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312065856/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-bjp-pravesh-ratn-aap-9705993/ |archive-date=12 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ratn, Pravesh}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi district]]

Raveendra Nee Evide?

2026-03-31T23:34:24Z

3muhammed4: starting details!

{{Short description|2025 Malayalam-language comedy thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raveendra Nee Evide?
| image = Raveendra_Ne_Evide?_Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Manoj Palodan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2025/07/17/raveendra-nee-evide-movie-director-manoj-palodan-interview.html|title=പഠനം പാതിവഴിയിൽ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ചു; പിടിച്ചു നിർത്തുന്നത് സിനിമയോടുള്ള നിഷ്കളങ്കമായ താത്പര്യം; സംവിധായകൻ മനോജ് പാലോടൻ അഭിമുഖം |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>
| producer = Abraham Mathew
| writer = Krishna Poojappura
| starring = [[Anoop Menon]] [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] [[Sheelu Abraham]] [[Azees Nedumangad]]
| music = [[Prakash Ulliyeri]]
| cinematography = Mahadevan Thampi
| editing = Zian Sreekanth
| studio = Abaam Movies
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|7|18|df=y}}
| runtime = 103 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Raveendra Nee Evide?''''' (English: Raveendran, Where Are You?) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam language]] [[comedy film|comedy]] [[thriller film]], directed by Manoj Palodan and written by Krishna Poojappura.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/05/raveendra-nee-evide-teaser-anoop-menon-is-a-suspicious-husband-in-this-comedy-drama|title=Raveendra Nee Evide? teaser: Anoop Menon is a suspicious husband in this comedy drama |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/movies/raveendra-nee-evide-movie-in-theatres-from-july-18-236417|title=Raveendra Nee Evide Movie: അനൂപ് മേനോൻ ചിത്രം `രവീന്ദ്ര നീ എവിടെ?` തിയേറ്ററുകളിലേക്ക്; ഈ മാസം 18ന് റിലീസ്|access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ml/!entertainment/krishna-poojappura-about-his-new-movie-raveendra-nee-evide-kerala-news-kls25071202349|title=മികച്ച ഉള്ളടക്കം, ആശയത്തിൽ നല്ല ആത്മവിശ്വാസം; 'രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെ' വിശേഷങ്ങൾ പങ്കുവെച്ച് കൃഷ്‌ണ പൂജപ്പുര - Krishna Poojappura Interview|access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> The film is produced by Abraham Mathew under the Abaam Movies banner and features a star cast including [[Anoop Menon]], [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Sheelu Abraham]], [[Azees Nedumangad]], [[Senthil Krishna]], and [[Major Ravi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/05/raveendra-nee-evide-teaser-anoop-menon-is-a-suspicious-husband-in-this-comedy-drama|title=Raveendra Nee Evide? teaser: Anoop Menon is a suspicious husband in this comedy drama |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/07/07/watch-raveendra-nee-evade-trailer-anoop-menon-sheelu-abraham.html|title=അനൂപ് മേനോന്റെ നായികയായി ശീലു ഏബ്രഹാം; 'രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെ?' ടീസർ|access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Raveendran, a meticulous senior scientist at the Meteorological Centre, leads a structured life alongside his wife Bindhu and their daughter. His world is thrown into disarray when odd occurrences involving neighbour John spark suspicion about his wife's fidelity. Soon, a chain of misunderstandings leads to a kidnapping, police involvement, and escalating chaos. Raveendran struggles to unravel the confusion and restore order before it all comes crashing down.

== Cast ==
* [[Anoop Menon]] as Raveendran
* [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] as Johnkutty
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Chovva George
* [[Sheelu Abraham]] as Bindhu
* [[Azees Nedumangad]] as Balan
* [[Senthil Krishna]] as Preman
* [[Major Ravi]] as CI Mohammed Rafi
* [[Sajin Cherukayil]] as Bindhu's Brother Bhadran

== Production ==
The film was produced by Abraham Mathew under the Abaam Movies banner. It marks a collaboration between writer Krishna Poojappura and director Manoj Palodan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/raveendra-ne-evide-title-motion-poster-1.10693121|title='രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെ?'; അബാം മൂവീസിന്റെ പുതിയ ചിത്രം, ടൈറ്റില്‍ മോഷന്‍ പോസ്റ്റര്‍ പുറത്തിറങ്ങി|access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by Mahadevan Thampi, with editing by Zian Sreekanth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/the-release-date-of-anoop-menon-and-dhyan-sreenivasans-raveendra-nee-evide-is-out-now-75293.html|title=The Release Date of Anoop Menon and Dhyan Sreenivasan's Raveendra Nee Evide? Is Out Now |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> The film was earlier titled as ''Ideem Minnalum'' but later changed to the current title.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jun/23/anoop-menon-dhyan-sreenivasan-film-ideem-minnalum-rechristened-raveendra-nee-evide|title=Anoop Menon-Dhyan Sreenivasan film Ideem Minnalum rechristened Raveendra Nee Evide? |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

== Music ==
The soundtrack and score were composed by [[Prakash Ulliyeri]]. The first single "Mazha Mazha", sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and penned by B K Harinarayanan, was released ahead of the film’s premiere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/18/prakash-ulliyeri-returns-to-film-composing-with-raveendra-nee-evide|title=Prakash Ulliyeri returns to film composing with Raveendra Nee Evide |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film released in theatres on 18 July 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/raveendra-nee-evide-movie-censoring-done-anoop-menon-articleshow-0ge4k9n|title=സെന്‍സറിംഗ് പൂര്‍ത്തിയാക്കി 'രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെ'; 18 ന് തിയറ്ററുകളില്‍ |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/entertainment/movies/raveendra-nee-evide-teaser-293470|title=അടുക്കളയിൽ ജോലിയെടുത്താൽ കഴുത്തിനകത്ത് പാടുവരുമോ... ചിരിപ്പിച്ച് അനൂപ് മേനോൻ, ഷീലു എബ്രഹാം, അസീസ് കൂട്ടുകെട്ടിൽ 'രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെ?' ടീസർ....|access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
The film received mixed to negative reviews. [[The Indian Express]] criticized it as "another cinematic catastrophe," awarding it just 1/5 stars, while acknowledging the music by [[Prakash Ulliyeri]] as the only notable positive.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/raveendra-nee-evide-review-dhyan-sreenivasan-delivers-another-cinematic-catastrophe-10133927/lite/ |title=Raveendra Nee Evide movie review: Dhyan Sreenivasan delivers another cinematic catastrophe |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref> A review by [[Asianet News]] described the film as a "small family-humour movie" appreciating the light-hearted moments and individual performances, especially noting that Azees Nedumangad shared engaging scenes with Anoop Menon.<ref>{{cite web |title=ഒന്നും ഓർക്കാതെ കണ്ട് ആസ്വദിക്കാം, രസച്ചരട് മുറിയാതെ 'രവീന്ദ്രാ നീ എവിടെയാ'- റിവ്യൂ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/anoop-menon-sheelu-abraham-dhyan-sreenivasan-movie-raveendra-nee-evide-review-articleshow-390vblp |website=Asianet News |date=18 July 2025 |language=ml |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt29633769}}
* ''[https://sainaplay.com/movie/raveendra-nee-evide/kmiqo11gbeyp Raveendra Nee Evide?]'' on [[Saina Play]]

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language comedy films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy films]]

Cutting Chai Festival

2026-03-22T01:15:01Z

3muhammed4: Started Some Details V1

{{Short description|Annual media festival}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
Cutting Chai is an annual media festival hosted by [[R. D. National College]] in [[Mumbai]], [[India]]. Started in 2007 it is the biggest media [[Cultural festival (India)|festival]] in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2019 |title=Mumbai: National College's fest Cutting Chai is back to give you a break |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-national-college-s-fest-cutting-chai-is-back-to-give-you-a-break-2714511 |website= |publication-place=[[DNA India]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2022 |title=R.D. National College hosts biggest Media Festival – Cutting Chai 2022 Actor Siddhant Chaturvedi attends |url=https://hellomumbainews.com/current-news/r-d-national-college-hosts-biggest-media-festival-cutting-chai-2022-actor-siddhant-chaturvedi-attends/#google_vignette |access-date= |website= |publication-place=Hello Mumbai News}}</ref> This is a three-day media festival where event celebrates the world of media and provides a platform for students and industry professionals to come together, share ideas, and showcase their talents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2019 |title=Cutting Chai – R.D & S.H National College, Bandra |url=https://youthincmag.com/cutting-chai-r-d-s-h-national-college-bandra |access-date= |website= |language= |publication-place=Youth Incorporated Magazine}}</ref>
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Cutting Chai
| genre = [[Cultural]], [[Mass media|Media]]
| date = 2nd & 3rd February 2026
| frequency = Annual
| venue = [[R. D. National College]]
| location = [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]]
| country = [[India]]
| first = 19th November 2007
| attendance = 3,000+ (2023)
| organised = BAMMC Department of [[R. D. National College]]
}}

== History ==
Cutting Chai Festival started in 2007, named after Mumbai's iconic beverage [[Masala chai|Cutting Chai]]. The events of the festival are inspired by curriculum of the media students hence it enhances the creativity and gives students an experience.

In 2020, the festival went digital, hosting events on [[Zoom (software)|Zoom]] and [[YouTube]] platforms. Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], Cutting Chai adapted innovation to ensure the continuity of the festival and also opened a new approach to participation and engagement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2021 |title=Cutting Chai fest is back with its 14th edition! |url=https://www.bandrabuzz.com/cutting-chai-fest-is-back-with-its-14th-edition/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=Bandra Buzz |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2020 |title=National’s Cutting Chai, a must to taste |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai-guide/things-to-do/article/nationals-cutting-chai--a-must-to-taste-22600161 |access-date= |website=Mid-day |language=}}</ref> After [[COVID-19 restrictions]] were lifted in 2021 with all the safety protocols in place, the festival resumed its physical format.

== Themes ==

* Cutting Chai 1: Bole toh, ekdum BMM!
* Cutting Chai 2: It's War
* Cutting Chai 3: SuperComic
* Cutting Chai 4: It's about Time
* Cutting Chai 5: Tried & Tasted
* Cutting Chai 6: The Chai goes Prime Time
* Cutting Chai 7: Press T to Start
* Cutting Chai 8: No Team without Tea
* Cutting Chai 9: The Epic Chaithology
* Cutting Chai X: Chai of the Mystics
* Cutting Chai XI: Once upon a Chai
* Cutting Chai XII: One Chai to Revive
* Cutting Chai XIII: Chailestial Crystal
* Cutting Chai XIV: Cosmo-Chailestial Conquest
* Cutting Chai XV: Unchaited Territory
* Cutting Chai XVI: Chaimentional Paradox
* Cutting Chai XVII: The Oceanic Chai-Tide
* Cutting Chai XVIII: The Sands of Chaioasis

=== New Beginning ===

* Cutting Chai 2.0: Chaicursion of Multeverse

== Events ==
Cutting Chai hosts a Wide range of events that give equal and fair chance to the participants to showcase their talent.

Events that took place are:-

# Dance
# Drama
# Band
# Fashion Show
# Main Film
# Radio
# Editing
# Advertisement
# Solo Mic
# Photography
# Parody Marketing

=== Signature events ===
What sets Cutting Chai apart are its signature events that were originally built and organised by the team behind Cutting Chai:

# Investigative Journalism
# Damage Control
# TelePrompter
# Human Chess
# Media Mosaic

== Celebrities ==
Famous artists who visited Cutting Chai and a part of it are [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]], [[Amrita Rao]], [[Imran Khan (film actor)|Imran Khan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2012 |title=Imran, Kareena and A R Rahman at National College’s Cutting Chai 2012 Festival |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/imran-kareena-and-a-r-rahman-at-national-colleges-cutting-chai-2012-festival/ |access-date= |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2012 |title=Imran, Kareena at a college in Mumbai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/imran-kareena-at-a-college-in-mumbai/articleshow/11778260.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date= |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=}}</ref> [[Prachi Desai]], [[Elli AvrRam]], [[Manali Jagtap]], [[Divya Khosla Kumar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Prachi Desai, Elli Avram enjoy some cutting chai |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/prachi-desai-elli-avram-enjoy-some-cutting-chai/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Manali Jagtap, Babita Malkani and Elli Avram at Cutting Chai festival, held at National College, in Mumbai. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/elli-prachi-college-fest/articleshow/29847362.cms |access-date= |website= |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Chitrangada Singh|Chitrangda Singh]], [[Goldie Behl]], [[Zoya Akhtar]], [[Siddharth Mahadevan]], [[Cyrus Broacha|Cryus Broacha]], [[Salim Merchant]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2013 |title=Chitrangda & Prachi at National College’s festival ‘Cutting Chai’ {{!}} Shankar Mahadevan, Chitrangda Singh, Prachi Desai, Goldie Behl, Kapil Sharma |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/chitrangda-prachi-at-national-colleges-festival-cutting-chai/chitrangda-prachi-at-national-colleges-festival-cutting-chai-2/ |access-date= |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 February 2013 |title=Chitrangada Singh, Prachi Desai at National College's Cutting Chai colleges fest in Mumbai on 21st Feb 2013 |url=https://hamaraphotos.com/photo_-874200.html |work=Hamara Photos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2013 |title=Cutting Chai 2013 ends on a high note |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/cutting-chai-2013-ends-on-a-high-note/articleshow/18744440.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref> [[Saroj Khan]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=Y3R0E4vbtrdsN62T&v=rXWcj_Ksn-Y&feature=youtu.be |title=Saroj Khan at Cutting Chai Festival |date=10 February 2014 |last= |publisher=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]] |access-date= |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Tanmay Bhat]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2017 |title=Tanmay Bhat: Get your finger inked just for the photo |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/tanmay-bhat-voting-vote-mumbai-news-mumbai-bmc-polls-bmc-elections-17979189 |access-date= |website= |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2018 |title=Cutting Chai Will Always Be BAE for JHC BMM! |url=https://jhcbmmrelived.wordpress.com/2018/02/08/cutting-chai-nationals-bmm/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=JHC BMM Relived |language=}}</ref> [[Amrita Puri]], [[Rohit Varma]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2013 |title=Amrita Puri at National College’s ‘Cutting Chai’ fest |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/amrita-puri-at-national-colleges-cutting-chai-fest/amrita-puri-at-national-colleges-cutting-chai-fest-6/ |access-date= |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |language=}}</ref> [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Yami Gautam]], [[Divyenndu]], [[Mandira Bedi]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Varun Dhawan At National College's Cutting Chai Festival |url=https://www.boldsky.com/photos/varun-dhawan-national-college-s-cutting-chai-festival-43116.html |work=BoldSky}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Divyenndu at Cutting Chai Festival 2015 |url=https://santabanta.com/gallery/events/cutting-chai-festival-2015/image/297016/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=SantaBanta.Com |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mandira Bedi at Cutting Chai Festival 2015 |url=https://santabanta.com/gallery/events/cutting-chai-festival-2015/mandira-bedi/297019/ |access-date= |website= |publisher=SantaBanta.Com |language=}}</ref> [[Arjun Kanungo]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2016 |title=Deja vu college moment for Arjun Kanungo |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/deja-vu-college-moment-for-arjun-kanungo/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=}}</ref> [[Sonam Kapoor|Sonam Kappor]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2016 |title=Sonam Kapoor promotes 'Neerja' at the 'Cutting Chai' fest in National College |url=https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonam_Kapoor_promotes_'Neerja'_at_the_'Cutting_Chai'_fest_in_National_College.jpg |access-date= |website= |publisher=[[Wikimedia Commons]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonam Kapoor promotes ‘Neerja’ at the ‘Cutting Chai’ fest in National College |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/sonam-kapoor-promotes-neerja-at-the-cutting-chai-fest-in-national-college/sonam-kapoor-promotes-neerja-at-the-cutting-chai-fest-in-national-college-5/ |access-date= |publisher=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> [[Shraddha Das]], [[Madhur Bhandarkar]], [[Shazahn Padamsee]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2011 |title=Shraddha Das, Madhur Bhandarkar and Shazahn Padamsee at 'Ek Cutting Chai' college film festival at National College, Bandra |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/yearendershow/7423685.cms |access-date= |website= |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Diandra Soares]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diandra Soares judges a fashion show at ‘Cutting Chai’ festival |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/diandra-soares-judges-a-fashion-show-at-cutting-chai-festival/diandra-soares-judges-a-fashion-show-at-cutting-chai-festival-3/ |access-date= |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |language=}}</ref> [[R. Madhavan]], [[Zayed Khan]], [[Purab Kohli]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 February 2011 |title=Maddy, Purab enjoyed at a College fest |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/maddy-purab-enjoyed-at-a-college-fest/articleshow/7436709.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref> [[Tamannaah Bhatia]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia Shakes Her Leg To Dhol Beats, Visits Her College To Promote Jee Karda |url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/tamannaah-bhatia-shakes-her-leg-to-dhol-beats-visits-her-college-to-promote-jee-karda-2635427.html |access-date= |website= |publisher=[[Zee News]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia Dances To Dhol Beats As She Visits Her College To Promote 'Jee Karda' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tamannaah-bhatia-dances-to-dhol-beats-as-she-visits-her-college-to-promote-jee-karda-photos-8333917.html |access-date= |website= |publisher=[[News18]] |language=}}</ref> [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]],<ref name=":0" />

== R.T.R ==
[[File:Royal Tea Ride.jpg|thumb|212x212px|Cutting Chai XI Royal Tea Ride]]

=== Royal Tea Ride ===
Royal Tea Ride marks the grand kick-off of Cutting Chai. Members of the cutting chai team extend an exclusive invitation to Bachelor of Mass Media departments of other colleges to join in on the fun. This ride is filled with stimulating conversations, engaging activities and of course plenty of streaming cups of cutting chai.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.instagram.com/cuttingchaifest Instagram]
* [https://www.facebook.com/cuttingchaifest Facebook]
* [https://www.youtube.com/@cuttingchaifest YouTube]
* [https://www.linkedin.com/company/cutting-chai-fest LinkedIn]

[[Category:R. D. National College]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Festivals established in 2007]]
[[Category:Culfests]]
[[Category:College festivals in India]]
[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-festival-stub}}

Vijai Singh Shekhawat

2026-03-21T13:19:13Z

3muhammed4: minor cleanup page per standard format as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian admiral}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office1 = 14th [[Chief of Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]
| termstart1 = 1 October 1993
| termend1 =1 October 1996
| president1 = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| primeminister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| predecessor1 = [[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]
| successor1 = [[Vishnu Bhagwat]]
|honorific_prefix= [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
|name= V S Shekhawat
|honorific_suffix= [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vir Chakra|VrC]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]]
|birth_date= 1 October 1936
|death_date=
|birth_place= Chittosa, Jhunjhunu, [[Rajasthan]]
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|image= Admiral_Vijai_Singh_Shekhawat.png
|caption=
|nickname="VP"
|allegiance={{flag|India}}
|branch={{navy|India}}
|serviceyears= 1956–1996
|rank= [[File:IN_Admiral_Shoulder_curl.png|20px]] [[File:14-Indian Navy-ADM.svg|20px]] [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]]
|commands= [[Eastern Naval Command|Eastern Navy]] [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] {{INS|Himgiri|F34|6}} [[INS Karanj (S21)|INS Karanj]] [[INS Kalvari (S23)|INS Kalvari]]
|battles=[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
|awards=[[File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishist Seva Medal]] [[File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishist Seva Medal]] [[File:Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg|20px]] [[Vir Chakra]]
|relations=
|spouse= Binu Shekhawat
|laterwork=
|religion=
}}
[[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] '''Vijai Singh Shekhawat''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vir Chakra|VrC]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] is a former [[Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy]]. He was 14th Chief of Naval Staff and served as Navy Chief from 30 September 1993 to 30 September 1996.<ref name=rakshak>{{cite web|title=Admiral Vijai Singh Shekhawat|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Personnel/Chiefs/143-VS-Shekhawat.html|work=Bahara Rakshak|access-date=31 March 2014}}</ref>
Admiral Shekhawat is a Patron of the General K.S. Thimayya Memorial Trust.

== Early life and education ==
Shekhawat attended the [[St. Joseph's Academy, Dehradun|St. Joseph's Academy]] and [[Colonel Brown Cambridge School]] in [[Dehradun]], [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School]] in [[Bangalore]], and St Joseph's College in [[Darjeeling]]. He later attended the [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] in [[Maharashtra]] and the [[US Naval War College]] in [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. Shekhawat was selected for the Joint Services Wing of the National Defence Academy (NDA) in 1952, and was awarded the President's gold medal for the best all-round cadet in December 1953. He was commissioned in 1956.<ref name=chiefs>{{cite book|title=Services Chiefs of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k35_SlDMyUsC&q=Vijai+Singh+Shekhawat+colonel+brown&pg=PA127|page=127|first1=S. Sartaj Alam|last1=Abidi|first2=Satinder|last2=Sharma|publisher=Northern Book Centre|year=2007|isbn=9788172111625|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>

== Naval career ==
===Early career===
Shekhawat received submarine training in the UK from 1963 to 1964 and the USSR from 1966 to 1967, He served as Executive and Commanding Officer for several submarines, including the [[INS Kalvari (S23)|INS ''Kalvari'']] and the [[INS Karanj (S21)|INS ''Karanj'']], which he commissioned and sailed from the Baltic Sea to India. He received the [[Vir Chakra]] gallantry award for his service as commander of the ''Karanj'' during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].<ref name=rakshak />

===Vir Chakra===
The citation for the [[Vir Chakra]] reads as follows:<ref>{{cite web |title=VS SHEKHAWAT {{!}} Gallantry Awards |url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/vs-shekhawat |website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vir Chakra (VrC), Awardee: Adm Vijai Singh Shekhawat, PVSM, AVSM, VrC, ADC @ TWDI |url=http://twdi.in/node/4583 |website=twdi.in}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|Gazette Notification: 86 Pres/72 15-7-72
Operation: 1971

{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''COMMANDER VIJAI SINGH SHEKHAWAT''' 
'''(00189-B)'''}}

During the operations against Pakistan in December 1971, Commander Vijai Singh Shekhawat was the commanding officer of an Indian naval submarine. Despite the fact that the patrol duties of his ship were such that he was under constant surveillance by enemy air and surface forces, he continued to carry out his hazardous patrol and thereby posed a constant underwater threat to the enemy.

His probes of the near approaches to Karachi obtained vital information for the Indian Navy. Throughout, Commander Shekhawat displayed gallantry, leadership and professional skill of a high order.|sign=|source=}}

Promoted to substantive commander on 31 December 1971,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=1422 |date=23 September 1972 |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1321-1972-0039-58885.pdf |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> Shekhawat served as director of the Indian Navy Submarine Arm from 1975 to 1977. After attending the US Naval War College from 1977 to 1978, Shekhawat was promoted to captain on 1 July 1978,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=642 |date=14 July 1979 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> and served from 1979 to 1981 as the Chief Instructor at the National Defence Academy.<ref name=rakshak />

===Flag Rank===
Shekhawat was promoted to acting [[Rear Admiral]] on 21 June 1984 (substantive from 30 June),<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=509 |date=13 April 1985 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> and served as the Assistant Chief of Naval Staff.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=1062 |date=12 July 1986 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> He was given command of the [[Western Fleet (India)|Western Fleet]] during [[Operation Brasstacks]]. He was promoted to [[Vice Admiral]] on 8 August 1988,<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch) |page=1077 |date=12 June 1993 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> with appointment as Director General of the tri-service Defence Planning Staff. and obtained the rank of Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Naval Command in December 1990. In 1992, Shekhawat was promoted to the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff, and in September 1993 he was again promoted to Chief of the Naval Staff, becoming the first and only till date officer from the submarine branch to become Chief of Naval Staff.<ref name=chiefs /> Shekhawat retired in 1996.<ref name=chiefs />

==Personal life==
Shekhawat is married to Mrs. Binu Shekhawat and has two sons, one of whom is a pilot with the Indian Navy.<ref name=rakshak />

==Awards and decorations==

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Indian Navy Submariner Badge.png|width=180}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_30_Years_Long_Service_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=IND_9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|Colspan=4|Submariner's (Dolphin) badge
|-
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Vir Chakra]]
|[[Samar Seva Star]]
|-
|[[Poorvi Star]]
|[[Paschimi Star]]
|[[Raksha Medal]]
|[[Sangram Medal]]
|-
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|25th Independence Anniversary Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces#Long service awards|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=S. C. Chopra}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet]]|years=1986–1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[KASZ Raju]]}}
{{s-bef|before=S. W. Lakhkar}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]]|years=1987–1988}}
{{s-aft|after=P. A. Debrass}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command]]|years=1990–1992}}
{{s-aft|after=B Guha}}
{{s-bef|before=S. P. Govil}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1992–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=S. K. Chand}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]]|years=1993–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vishnu Bhagwat]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Air Chief Marshal (India)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[S. K. Kaul]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]|years=1995–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[General (India)|General]] [[Shankar Roychowdhury]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(India)}}
{{Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shekhawat, Virendra Singh}}
[[Category:Chiefs of the Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Vice chiefs of Naval Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Indian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Western Fleet]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni|Shekhawat, V.S.]]
[[Category:Bishop Cotton Boys' School alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Indian submarine commanders]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Flag Officers Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]]

Sati Savitri (1978 film)

2026-03-20T14:17:43Z

3muhammed4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sati Savitri
| image = Sati Savitri (1978).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| screenplay = [[Acharya Aatreya]]
| producer = A. Shankar Reddy
| director = [[B. A. Subba Rao]]
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Krishnam Raju]] [[Vanisri]]
| music = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] [[Pendyala (composer)|Pendyala]]
| editing = Akkineni Sanjeevi
| cinematography = K. S. Prasad Ravikant Nagaich
| studio = Lalitha Siva Jyothi Studios<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0390457/ |title=Sati Savitri (Overview) |work=IMDb}}</ref>
| based_on = Life of ''[[Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri & Satyavan]]''
| released = {{Film date|1978|01|04|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sati Savitri''''' is a 1978 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/1432/sathi-savithri-cast.html |title=Sati Savitri (Banner) |work=Chitr.com}}</ref> It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Vanisri]] and has music composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sati-savitri-movie/5369 |title=Sati Savitri (Cast & Crew) |work=gomolo.com}}</ref> It is produced by A. Sankar Reddy under the Lalitha Siva Jyothi Studios. The film is based on the story of [[Savitri and Satyavan]].

==Plot==
The film begins with nature questioning the universe and saying death is inevitable, for which [[Yama]] God of Death protests vigorously. Just in, [[Narada]] lands where Yama affirms that no soul can escape from the eternal cycle of life. Narada walks on [[Trimurti]] but in vain to make sure. So, he prays to [[Mahadevi|Aadi Parashakti]], who spectacles that triumphs death, is [[Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri]], the daughter of Aswapathi of [[Madra Kingdom]]. Narada notifies Yama, which he dismisses since Savitri has a total life expectancy. Besides, [[Savitri and Satyavan|Satyavantha]], the son of Dyumatsena of [[Salwa Kingdom]], has the destiny to die soon, one year after the wedding. On the eve of [[Navaratri]], Aswapathi reaches Salwa with family as a guest of honor, where Savitri & Satyavantha crushes. Consequently, Narada gets an answer and affirms to Yama that Satyavantha is the rig of Savitri, which he challenges to make beyond reach.

Meanwhile, Rudrasena, the king of Bhudyala, itches to knit his daughter Chandraprabha with Satyavantha, which Dyumatsena denies because of his son's fate. Hence, Rudrasena conquers them by backstabbing and exiling Dyumatsena's couple by plucking their eyes. Satyavantha is outraged here, but [[Gautama Maharishi]] tranquilizes him, and they live as forest dwellers. Despite this, Savitri emphasized that she had decided, so Aswapathi headed to Dyumatsena. Whereat, Yama, in the Brahmin's guise, asserts Satyavantha's birth secret, but Savitri holds steady and announces to face the fact. Soon after the nuptial, Savitri proceeds to her in-laws and hermitage, relinquishing the luxury and serving them with adoration. Following this, Narada guides Savitri in her first step, which is performing a ritual. Yama conducts breakdowns to it and mandates Trinity & [[Guardians of the directions|Ashtadikpakulu]] not to aid her. However, Savitri carries it out with her idolatry.

The day arises when Satyavantha moves in to cut wood from the forest, and Savitri follows him. Yama also sets foot to claim the soul when Satyavantha suddenly gets dizzy and collapses. Now, Savitri is behind Yama, depriving her lord's soul with big talk & reasoning of piety. Plus, with her grit, she makes the grade of ''Megha Mandalam,'' ''Sunyam,'' ''Surya Mandalam,'' ''Nakshatra Mandalam'' till ''[[Vaitarani (mythology)|Vaitarani]].'' Across scales, Yama bestows Savitri with three boons, excluding her husband's life, and seeks to recoup the vision & kingdom of her in-laws, & the male progeny of her parents. Yet, she does not get out when Yama infuriates her. Thus, Savitri solicits & glorifies Aadi Parashakti before her Yama bows down. Currently, Savitri compels Yama to retrieve her husband as she earns the 3rd boon of a child, which is unfeasible without a husband. At last, the universe acclaims Savitri, who arrives on Earth with Satyavantha. Finally, the movie ends with the proclamation: ''Humans can attain divinity by perfecting their soul power.''

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as [[Yama|Yama Dharma Raju]]
*[[Krishnam Raju]] as Satyavanta
*[[Vanisri]] as Savitri
*[[Kanta Rao]] as [[Narada|Narada Maharshi]]
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Aswapathi Maharaju
*[[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] as [[Lord Brahma]]
*[[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]] as Dyumatsena Maharaju
*[[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as Rudrasena Maharaju
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Chitra Gupta
*[[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] as Sharadudu
*K.V.Chalam as Astrologer
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as [[Lord Siva]]
*Nagaraju as [[Lord Vishnu]]
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Vijaya
*[[K. R. Vijaya]] as [[Adi Parashakti]]
*[[Anjali Devi]] as Aswapathi Maharaju's wife
*[[Pandari Bai]] as Dyumatsena Maharaju's wife
*[[Rama Prabha]] as Chitra
*[[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]] as Chandra Prabha
*Mamata as [[Goddess Saraswati]]
*Halam as Dancer
*[[Jaya Malini]] as Dancer
*Pushpa Kumari
{{colend}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sati Savitri
| type = film
| artist = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] [[Pendyala (composer)|Pendyala]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length =
| label = EMI Columbia
| producer = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] [[Pendyala (composer)|Pendyala]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music was composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] and [[Pendyala (composer)|Pendyala]]. Music released by EMI Columbia Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S.No!!Song title !! Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Sri Karamulie"
|[[C. Narayana Reddy]]
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
|1:46
|-
|2
|"Om Naadabindu Kaladhari"
|[[Acharya Aatreya]]
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|3:29
|-
|3
|"Oogave Naa Thalli"
|Acharya Aatreya
|[[P. Susheela]], [[P. Leela]]
|4:42
|-
|4
|"Emito Ee Pulakarintha"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela
|3:42
|-
|5
|"Abhayamvamma"
|[[Kosaraju Raghavaiah|Kosaraju]]
|P. Susheela, [[L. R. Eswari]]
|3:17
|-
|6
|"Pamputhunamma"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela, P. Leela
|6:08
|-
|7
|"Aaha Pellamante"
|Acharya Aatreya
|Madhavapeddi Ramesh, L.R.Eswari
|3:16
|-
|8
|"Yamini Bhamini"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela, ML Narasimham
|2:47
|-
|9
|"Sakala Charachara Srushti"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|
|-
|10
|"Aadugaduguna Kothadanam"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela, M. L. Narasimham
|4:03
|-
|11
|"Dharmama! Edi Dharmaraja"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela
|
|-
|12
|"Yeh Maatha Jaganmaatha"
|Acharya Aatreya
|P. Susheela
|2:17
|-
|13
|"Sriman Maha Shakti Murthy"
|Pilaka Ganapathi Sastry
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{IMDb title|1286631}}

{{Portal|Film|India|Speculative fiction}}

{{Savitri and Satyavan}}

[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about Savitri and Satyavan]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:1978 fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghantasala (musician)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Pendyala (composer)]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. A. Subba Rao]]

Avril Lavigne

2026-03-20T08:34:23Z

3muhammed4: reworked information per standard format and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|Canadian singer and songwriter (born 1984)}}
{{For|the album|Avril Lavigne (album){{!}}''Avril Lavigne'' (album)}}
{{pp-move}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Avril Lavigne
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|size=100%|country=CAN|CM}}
| image = Glaston2024 2806 300624 (129 of 173) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Lavigne in 2024
| birth_name = Avril Ramona Lavigne
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|9|27}}
| birth_place = [[Belleville, Ontario]], Canada
| citizenship = {{flatlist|
* Canada
* France
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Singer
* songwriter

}}
| years_active = 1999–present
| works = {{flatlist|
* [[Avril Lavigne discography|Discography]]
* [[List of songs performed by Avril Lavigne|songs recorded]]
* [[List of Avril Lavigne concert tours|concert tours]]
* {{nowrap|[[List of Avril Lavigne promotional tours|promotional tours]]}}
}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Deryck Whibley]]|2006|2010|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[Chad Kroeger]]|2013|2015|end=div}}
}}
| signature = Avril Lavigne's signature.svg
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Avril Lavigne|Full list]]
| website = {{URL|avrillavigne.com}}
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Pop music|Pop]]
* [[pop-punk]]
* [[pop rock]]
* [[alternative rock]]
}} 
| instruments = {{flatlist|
* Vocals
* guitar
* piano
* drums
}}
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Arista Records|Arista]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA]]
* [[Epic Records|Epic]]
* [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]
* {{nowrap|Avril Lavigne Music}}
* [[DTA Records|DTA]]
* [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
* Big Noise
}}
}}
}}

'''Avril Ramona Lavigne''' {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CM}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|v|r|ɪ|l|_|l|ə|ˈ|v|iː|n}} {{respell|AV|ril|_|lə|VEEN}}; {{IPA|fr|avʁil ʁamɔna laviɲ|lang}}; born September 27, 1984) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is a key musician in popularizing [[pop-punk]] music, as she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s. [[List of awards and nominations received by Avril Lavigne|Her accolades]] include ten [[Juno Awards]] and eight [[Grammy Awards]] nominations.

At age 16, Lavigne signed a two-album recording contract with [[Arista Records]]. Her debut album, ''[[Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)|Let Go]]'' (2002), is the [[List of best-selling albums of the 21st century|best-selling album of the 21st century by a Canadian artist]]. It yielded the successful singles "[[Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)|Complicated]]" and "[[Sk8er Boi]]", which emphasized a [[skate punk]] persona and earned her the titles of "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Pop-Punk Queen]]", "Pop-Punk Princess" and "Teen-Pop Slayer" from music publications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cannilla |first=Kayden |date=2022-04-29 |title=The legacy of Avril Lavigne |url=https://thestute.com/2022/04/29/the-legacy-of-avril-lavigne/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The Stute |language=en-US}}</ref> Her second album, ''[[Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)|Under My Skin]]'' (2004), became Lavigne's first to reach the top of the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chart in the United States, going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide.

Lavigne's third album, ''[[The Best Damn Thing]]'' (2007), reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single "[[Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)|Girlfriend]]", which became her first single to reach the top of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in the United States. Her next two albums, ''[[Goodbye Lullaby]]'' (2011) and ''[[Avril Lavigne (album)|Avril Lavigne]]'' (2013), saw continued commercial success and were both certified gold in Canada, the United States, and other territories. After releasing her sixth album, ''[[Head Above Water (album)|Head Above Water]]'' (2019), she returned to her pop punk roots with her seventh album, ''[[Love Sux]]'' (2022).

==Early life==
Avril Ramona Lavigne was born on September 27, 1984, in [[Belleville, Ontario]]. She was named Avril (the [[French language|French]] word for April) by her father.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avril-Lavigne| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avril-Lavigne| archive-date=October 21, 2021|title=Avril Lavigne|date=February 5, 2021|last=Mardon|first=Austin}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Lavigne's paternal grandfather Maurice Yves Lavigne was born in [[Saint-Jérôme]], [[Quebec]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hernandez |first=Helen |date=May 1, 2022 |title=The Quebec roots of Avril Lavigne |url=https://oicanadian.com/the-quebec-roots-of-avril-lavigne/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204152346/https://oicanadian.com/the-quebec-roots-of-avril-lavigne/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=OICANADIAN}}</ref> A member of the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]], he married Lucie Dzierzbicki, a French native of [[Morhange]] in 1953. Their son, Jean-Claude Lavigne, was born in 1954 at [[RCAF Station Grostenquin]] near [[Grostenquin]], [[Lorraine]].<ref>{{cite news |date=March 15, 2018 |title=Avril Lavigne aurait des origines grostenquinoises |trans-title=Avril Lavigne said to have Grostenquin origins |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/edition-de-saint-avold-creutzwald/2018/03/15/avril-lavigne-aurait-des-origines-grostenquinoises |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031846/https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/edition-de-saint-avold-creutzwald/2018/03/15/avril-lavigne-aurait-des-origines-grostenquinoises |archive-date=December 29, 2018 |access-date=December 28, 2018 |work=[[Le Republicain Lorrain]] |language=fr}}</ref> When Jean-Claude was a child, the family moved to Ontario, and in 1975, he married Judith-Rosanne "Judy" Loshaw.{{r|rollingstonecover}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Judith-Rosanne Loshaw |url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/judith-rosanne_loshaw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174323/https://www.myheritage.com/names/judith-rosanne_loshaw |archive-date=January 10, 2018 |access-date=January 9, 2018 |website=MyHeritage.com}}</ref>

Lavigne's father and mother recognized their child's vocal abilities when she was two years old and sang "[[Jesus Loves Me]]" on the way home from their [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] church.{{r|sperling}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Patrick |title=Avril Lavigne opens up about Lyme disease battle: 'I wasn't sure I'd be doing music again' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2019/02/14/avril-lavigne-lyme-disease-battle-comeback-album-head-above-water/2871284002/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Lavigne has an older brother named Matthew and a younger sister named Michelle,{{r|peoplekappes}} both of whom teased her when she sang. "My brother used to knock on the wall because I used to sing myself to sleep and he thought it was really annoying."{{r|sperling}}

When Lavigne was five, the family moved to Napanee (now incorporated as [[Greater Napanee]]),{{r|unofficialbiog}} a town with a population of approximately 5,000 at the time.{{r|canoemcqueen|mtvrealdeal|ewwillman}}

To support her musical interests, her father bought her a microphone, a drum kit, a keyboard, and several guitars, and converted their basement into a studio. Her father often played bass at the church the family attended, the Third Day Worship Centre in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]. When Lavigne was 14 years old, her parents took her to karaoke sessions.{{r|msnbcpauley}}

Lavigne performed at [[Fair|country fairs]], singing songs by [[Garth Brooks]], [[the Chicks]], and [[Shania Twain]], and began writing her own songs. Her first song was called "Can't Stop Thinking About You", about a teenage infatuation, which she described as "cheesy cute".{{r|mirrorquigley}}

Lavigne also played [[ice hockey]] during high school and was named [[most valuable player]] (MVP) twice as a [[winger (ice hockey)|right winger]] in a boys' league.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerling |first1=Jared |title=Avril Lavigne recalls life as a hockey star |url=https://www.espn.com/blog/high-school/girl/post/_/id/1054/avril-lavigne-recalls-life-as-a-hockey-star |access-date=November 5, 2019 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=December 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925035808/https://www.espn.com/blog/high-school/girl/post/_/id/1054/avril-lavigne-recalls-life-as-a-hockey-star |archive-date=September 25, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
===1999–2001: Career beginnings===
In 1999, Lavigne won a radio contest to perform with Canadian singer [[Shania Twain]] at the [[Corel Centre]] in [[Ottawa]], before an audience of 20,000 people.{{r|tracy}}{{r|unofficialbiog|canoemcqueen}} Twain and Lavigne sang Twain's song, "[[What Made You Say That]]",{{r|unofficialbiog}} and Lavigne told Twain that she aspired to be "a famous singer".{{r|canoemcqueen}} During a performance with the Lennox Community Theatre, Lavigne was spotted by local folksinger Stephen Medd. He invited her to contribute vocals on his song, "Touch the Sky", for his 1999 album, ''Quinte Spirit''. She later sang on "Temple of Life" and "Two Rivers" for his follow-up album, ''My Window to You'', in 2000.

In December 1999, Lavigne was discovered by her first professional manager, Cliff Fabri, while singing [[country music|country]] covers at a [[Chapters (bookstore)|Chapters]] bookstore in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]].{{r|unofficialbiog|canoemcqueen}} Fabri sent out VHS tapes of Lavigne's home performances to several industry prospects, and Lavigne was visited by several executives.{{r|sk8terfaker}} Mark Jowett, co-founder of a Canadian management firm, [[Nettwerk]], received a copy of Lavigne's karaoke performances recorded in her parents' basement.{{r|patch}} Jowett arranged for Lavigne to work with producer [[Peter Zizzo]] during the summer of 2000 in New York, where she wrote the song "Why". Lavigne was noticed by [[Arista Records]] during a trip to New York.{{r|sk8terfaker}}

In November 2000,{{r|mtvrealdeal}} Ken Krongard, an [[Artists and repertoire|A&R]] representative, invited [[L.A. Reid|Antonio "L.A." Reid]], then head of Arista Records, to Zizzo's Manhattan studio to hear Lavigne sing. Her 15-minute audition "so impressed" Reid that he immediately signed her to Arista with a deal worth $1.25 million for two albums and an extra $900,000 for a publishing advance.{{r|ewwillman|unofficialbiog}} By this time, Lavigne had found that she fit in naturally with her hometown high school's skater [[clique]], an image that carried through to her first album, but although she enjoyed [[skateboard]]ing, school left her feeling insecure. Having signed a record deal, and with support from her parents, she left school to focus on her music career.{{r|mtvrealdeal}}{{r|canadianpress|mirrorquigley}} Lavigne's band, which were mostly the members of [[Closet Monster (band)|Closet Monster]], was chosen by Nettwerk, as they wanted young performers who were up and coming from the [[Canadian punk rock]] scene who would fit with Lavigne's personality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ge-La/Lavigne-Avril.html |title=Avril Lavigne Biography – life, family, children, parents, school, mother, young, old, information, born |access-date=January 4, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827104222/http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ge-La/Lavigne-Avril.html |archive-date=August 27, 2016}} Most inexperienced singers are backed by seasoned musicians, but Nettwerk chose to go with young performers who were up and coming in the Canadian punk-rock scene. As Nettwerk manager Shauna Gold told Shanda Deziel of Maclean's, "[Lavigne] is young, her music's young, we needed a band that would fit well with who she is as a person."</ref>

===2002–2003: ''Let Go''===
[[File:AvrilShow cropped.jpg|thumb|right|Lavigne performing in 2002]]
Reid gave A&R Joshua Sarubin the responsibility of overseeing Lavigne's development and the recording of her debut album. They spent several months in New York working with different co-writers, trying to forge an individual sound for her. Sarubin told [[HitQuarters]] that they initially struggled; although early collaborations with songwriter-producers including Sabelle Breer, [[Curt Frasca]] and Peter Zizzo resulted in some good songs, they did not match her or her voice. It was only when Lavigne went to Los Angeles in May 2001 and created two songs with [[The Matrix (production team)|the Matrix]] production team—including "[[Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)|Complicated]]", later released as her debut single—that the record company felt she had made a major breakthrough. Lavigne worked further with the Matrix and also with singer-songwriter [[Clif Magness]]. Recording of Lavigne's debut album, ''[[Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)|Let Go]]'', finished in January 2002.{{r|hitquarters}}

Lavigne released ''Let Go'' in June 2002 in the US, where it reached number two on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] albums chart. It peaked at number one in Australia, Canada, and the UK—this made Lavigne, at 17 years old, the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album on the [[UK Albums Chart]] at that time.{{r|aboutlamb}} By the end of 2002, the album was certified four-times Platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]], making her the bestselling female artist of 2002 and ''Let Go'' the top-selling debut of the year.{{r|riaadiamond}} By May 2003, ''Let Go'' had accumulated over 1 million sales in Canada, receiving a diamond certification from the [[Canadian Recording Industry Association]].{{r|criadiamond}} By 2009, the album had sold over 16 million units worldwide.{{r|transworldnews}} By March 2018, the RIAA certified the album seven-times Platinum, denoting shipments of over seven million units in the US.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/GP_March_2018.pdf |title=RIAA GOLD & PLATINUM AWARDS March // 3/1/18 – 3/31/18 |website=[[RIAA]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423232242/http://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/GP_March_2018.pdf |archive-date=April 23, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lavigne's debut single, "Complicated", peaked at number one in Australia and number two in the US. "Complicated" was one of the bestselling Canadian singles of 2002, and one of the decade's biggest hits in the US,{{r|billboarddecadehot100}} where subsequent singles "Sk8er Boi" and "[[I'm with You (Avril Lavigne song)|I'm with You]]" reached the top ten.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Avril Lavigne |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/avril-lavigne/chart-history| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.billboard.com/music/avril-lavigne/chart-history| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |magazine=Billboard}}{{cbignore}}</ref> With these three singles, Lavigne became the second artist in history to have three top-ten songs from a debut album on ''Billboard''{{'}}s [[Mainstream Top 40]] chart.{{r|reuterstop40}} Lavigne was named [[MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] (for "Complicated") at the [[2002 MTV Video Music Awards]],{{r|thestarmtv}} won four [[Juno Awards]] in 2003 out of six nominations,{{r|billboardjuno}} received a [[World Music Awards|World Music Award]] for "World's Bestselling Canadian Singer", and was nominated for eight [[Grammy Award]]s, including [[Grammy Award for Best New Artist|Best New Artist]] and [[Grammy Award for Song of the Year|Song of the Year]] for "Complicated".{{r|hollywoodgrammy}}

In 2002, Lavigne made a cameo appearance in the music video for "[[Hundred Million]]" by the pop punk band [[Treble Charger]].{{r|cbcnewstreble}} In March 2003, Lavigne posed for the cover of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine,{{r|rollingstonecover}} and in May she performed "[[Fuel (Metallica song)|Fuel]]" during MTV's Icon tribute to [[Metallica]].{{r|mtvdowney}}{{r|mtviconmetallica}} During her first headlining tour, the Try to Shut Me Up Tour, Lavigne covered [[Green Day]]'s "[[Basket Case (song)|Basket Case]]".{{r|sfgatesullivan}}

===2004–2005: ''Under My Skin''===
[[File:Avril Lavigne in Burnaby, 2004.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Lavigne in [[Burnaby]] during her promotional tour for ''[[Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)|Under My Skin]]'' in 2004]]
Lavigne's second studio album, ''[[Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)|Under My Skin]]'', was released in May 2004 and debuted at number one in Australia, Canada, Japan, the UK, and the US.{{r|yahoojenison}} The album was certified five-times Platinum in Canada<ref name=MusicCanada>{{cite web |url=https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?fwp_gp_search%3Dlavigne |title=Gold/Platinum – Music Canada |access-date=April 14, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714131938/http://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?fwp_gp_search=lavigne |archive-date=July 14, 2015}}</ref> and has sold 10 million copies,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-madonna-is-my-idol-1091758 |title=Avril Lavigne: Madonna is my idol |newspaper=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |date=January 10, 2011 |first=Rick |last=Fulton |access-date=January 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112175820/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-madonna-is-my-idol-1091758 |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> including 3.2 million in the US.<ref name="Billboard-July2013">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/ask-billboard-why-do-some-songs-fade-out-and-others-end-cold/?page%3D0%2C3 |title=Ask Billboard: Why do Some Songs Fade Out and Others End Cold? |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023145426/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/1569263/ask-billboard-why-do-some-songs-fade-out-and-others-end-cold?page=0%2C3 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2013}}</ref> Lavigne wrote most of the album's tracks with Canadian singer-songwriter [[Chantal Kreviazuk]], and Kreviazuk's husband, [[Our Lady Peace]] front man [[Raine Maida]], co-produced the album with [[Butch Walker]] and Don Gilmore. Lavigne said that ''Under My Skin'' proved her credentials as a songwriter, saying that "each song comes from a personal experience of mine, and there are so much{{sic}} emotions in those songs".{{r|ledgermoody}} "[[Don't Tell Me (Avril Lavigne song)|Don't Tell Me]]", the lead single off the album, reached the top five in the UK and Canada and the top ten in Australia. "[[My Happy Ending (song)|My Happy Ending]]", the album's second single, was a top five hit in the UK and Australia. In the US, it was a top ten entry on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and became a number-one pop radio hit. The third single, "[[Nobody's Home (Avril Lavigne song)|Nobody's Home]]", did not manage to make the top 40 in the US and performed moderately elsewhere.

During early 2004, Lavigne went on the 'Live and By Surprise' acoustic mall tour in the US and Canada to promote ''Under My Skin'', accompanied by her guitarist [[Evan Taubenfeld]]. In September 2004, Lavigne embarked on her first world tour, the year-long [[Bonez Tour]]. Lavigne won two World Music Awards in 2004, for 'World's Best Pop/Rock Artist' and 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist' and won three Juno Awards from five nominations in 2005, including 'Artist of the Year'.<ref name=Juno /> She also won in the category of 'Favorite Female Singer' at the eighteenth annual [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards]].{{r|mtvmoss}}

Lavigne co-wrote the song "[[Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson song)|Breakaway]]", which was recorded by [[Kelly Clarkson]] for the soundtrack to the 2004 film ''[[The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement]]''.{{r|mtvclarkson}} "Breakaway" was released as a single in mid 2004 and subsequently included as the title track on Clarkson's second album, ''[[Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)|Breakaway]]''. Lavigne performed the [[Goo Goo Dolls]] song "[[Iris (song)|Iris]]" with the band's lead singer [[John Rzeznik]] at [[Fashion Rocks]] in September 2004,{{r|cbsbeyonce}} and she posed for the cover of ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'' in October 2004.{{r|maximcover}} She recorded the theme song for ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' (released in November 2004) with producer Butch Walker.{{r|mtvspongebob}}

===2006–2011: ''The Best Damn Thing'' and ''Goodbye Lullaby'' ===
In February 2006, Lavigne represented Canada at the [[2006 Winter Olympics closing ceremony|closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics]].{{r|torinogames}} [[Fox Entertainment Group]] approached Lavigne to write a song for the soundtrack to the 2006 fantasy-adventure film ''[[Eragon (film)|Eragon]]''; her contribution, "[[Keep Holding On]]", was released as a single to promote the film and its soundtrack.{{r|lavignekeepholdingon}}{{r|lavigneradio|lavigneitunes}}

[[File:Avril Lavigne in Amsterdam, 2008 XV.jpg|thumb|left|Lavigne performing during [[The Best Damn World Tour]] in 2008]]
Lavigne's third album, ''[[The Best Damn Thing]]'', was released in April 2007 and debuted at number one on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200,{{r|billboardgirlfriend}} and subsequently achieved Platinum status in Canada.<ref name=MusicCanada /> The album sold more than 2 million copies in the US.<ref name=":0" /> Its lead single, "[[Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)|Girlfriend]]", became Lavigne's first number-one single on the U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and one of the decade's biggest singles.{{r|billboardgirlfriend}}{{r|billboardgirlfriend100}} The single also peaked at number one in Australia, Canada, and Japan, and reached number two in the UK and France. As well as English, "Girlfriend" was recorded in Spanish, French, Italian, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], German, Japanese, and [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]. The [[IFPI|International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] ranked "Girlfriend" as the most-downloaded track worldwide in 2007, selling 7.3 million copies, including the versions recorded in eight different languages.{{r|mtvgirlfriend|kohls}} "[[When You're Gone (Avril Lavigne song)|When You're Gone]]", the album's second single, reached the top five in Australia and the United Kingdom, the top ten in Canada, and the top forty in the US. "[[Hot (Avril Lavigne song)|Hot]]" was the third single and charted only at number 95 in the US, although it reached the top 10 in Canada and the top 20 in Australia.

Lavigne won two [[World Music Awards]] in 2007, for 'World's Bestselling Canadian Artist' and 'World's Best Pop/Rock Female Artist'. She won her first two [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], received a [[Teen Choice Award]] for 'Best Summer Single', and was nominated for five Juno Awards.<ref name=Juno /> In December 2007, Lavigne was ranked number eight in ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine's list of 'Top 20 Earners Under 25', with annual earnings of $12 million.{{r|forbes20}} In March 2008, Lavigne undertook a world tour, [[The Best Damn World Tour]], and appeared on the cover of ''Maxim'' for the second time.{{r|maxim2008}} In mid-August, Malaysia's Islamic opposition party, the [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party]], attempted to ban Lavigne's tour show in [[Kuala Lumpur]], judging her stage moves "too sexy". It was thought that her concert on August 29 would promote wrong values ahead of Malaysia's Independence Day on August 31.{{r|mtvmalaysia}} On August 21, 2008, MTV reported that the concert had been approved by the Malaysian government.{{r|mtvmalaysiaconcert}}

In January 2010, Lavigne worked with [[Disney]] to create clothing designs inspired by [[Tim Burton]]'s feature film ''[[Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)|Alice in Wonderland]]''. She recorded a song for its soundtrack, "[[Alice (Avril Lavigne song)|Alice]]", which was played over the end credits and included on the soundtrack album ''[[Almost Alice]]''.{{r|earthtimes}}{{r|pacifican}}{{r|seacrestinterview26}} In February, Lavigne performed at the Vancouver [[2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony]].{{r|inked2010}} Lavigne's song "I'm with You" was sampled by [[Rihanna]] on the track "[[Cheers (Drink to That)]]", which is featured on Rihanna's fifth album, ''[[Loud (Rihanna album)|Loud]]'' (2010).{{r|digitalspy|artistdirect}} "Cheers (Drink to That)" was released as a single the following year, and Lavigne appeared in its music video.{{r|abbeyhuffington}} In December 2010, American singer [[Miranda Cosgrove]] released "[[Dancing Crazy]]", a song written by Lavigne, [[Max Martin]] and [[Shellback (songwriter)|Shellback]]. It was also produced by Martin.{{r|idolator}}

Lavigne began recording for her fourth album, ''[[Goodbye Lullaby]]'', in her home studio in November 2008. Its opening track, "Black Star", was written to help promote her first fragrance of the same name.{{r|musicmix}}{{r|rollingstoneblackstar}} Lavigne described the album as being about her life experiences rather than focusing on relationships, and its style as less [[pop rock]] than her previous material, reflecting her age.{{r|rollingstoneblackstar}}{{r|departure}} The release date for ''Goodbye Lullaby'' was delayed several times, which Lavigne said was because of her label.{{r|allheadlinenews}}{{r|kingstonhart}} ''Goodbye Lullaby'' was released in March 2011,{{r|billboardlipshutz|departure}} and its lead single, "[[What the Hell]]", premiered in December 2010, ahead of the album's release.{{r|billboardlipshutz}} ''Goodbye Lullaby'' received Juno Award nominations for Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year.<ref name=Juno>{{cite web |url=http://junoawards.ca/awards/artist-summary/?artist_name%3DAvril+%26submit%3DSearch |title=Artist Summary | the JUNO Awards |access-date=April 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125035/http://junoawards.ca/awards/artist-summary/?artist_name=Avril+&submit=Search |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> By March 2018, ''Goodbye Lullaby'' sold more than 500,000 copies in the US, and it was certified Gold by the RIAA.<ref name=":0" />

===2012–2017: Self-titled album===
[[File:Avril Lavigne in Brasilia - 2014 - 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Lavigne performing in 2014]]
Three months after the release of ''Goodbye Lullaby'', Lavigne announced that work on her fifth album had already begun, describing it as the musical opposite of ''Goodbye Lullaby''{{r|shuffleme.net}} and "pop and more fun again".{{r|nmefifth|corner|daw}} In late 2011, she confirmed that she had moved to [[Epic Records]], headed by [[L. A. Reid]].{{r|www.925thebeat.ca|www.billboard.biz}} Lavigne contributed two cover songs to the 2012 Japanese animated film ''[[One Piece Film: Z]]'': "[[How You Remind Me]]" (originally by [[Nickelback]]) and "[[Bad Reputation (Joan Jett song)|Bad Reputation]]" (originally by [[Joan Jett]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-10-17/u.s-singer-avril-lavigne-contributes-one-piece-film-z-themes |title=Canadian Singer Avril Lavigne Contributes One Piece Film Z Themes – Interest |work=Anime News Network |access-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724103925/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-10-17/u.s-singer-avril-lavigne-contributes-one-piece-film-z-themes |archive-date=July 24, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The lead single from Lavigne's fifth album, "[[Here's to Never Growing Up]]" (produced by [[Martin Johnson (musician)|Martin Johnson]] of the band [[Boys Like Girls]]), was released in April 2013{{r|cornerds}} and reached top 20 positions on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]], Australia and the UK. The second single, "[[Rock n Roll (Avril Lavigne song)|Rock n Roll]]", was released in August 2013 and the third, "[[Let Me Go (Avril Lavigne song)|Let Me Go]]" (featuring Lavigne's then-husband [[Chad Kroeger]] of Nickelback), was released in October 2013. The album, titled ''[[Avril Lavigne (album)|Avril Lavigne]]'', was released in November 2013;{{r|chestang|cornerfifth}} in Canada, it was certified gold and received a Juno Award nomination for Pop Album of the Year.<ref name="cbslocal1">{{cite web |url=http://mix1051.cbslocal.com/2013/08/27/avril-lavigne-talks-upcoming-album-as-first-single-rock-and-roll-drops-today/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828083038/http://mix1051.cbslocal.com/2013/08/27/avril-lavigne-talks-upcoming-album-as-first-single-rock-and-roll-drops-today/ |archive-date=August 28, 2013 |title=Avril Lavigne Talks Upcoming Album As First Single, "Rock N Roll", Drops Today " MIX 105.1 |publisher=Mix1051.cbslocal.com |date=August 27, 2013 |access-date=August 28, 2013}}</ref><ref name=Billboard-March2014 /> The fourth single from ''Avril Lavigne'', "[[Hello Kitty (song)|Hello Kitty]]", was released in April 2014. The music video sparked controversies over racism claims which Lavigne denied.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-responds-to-hello-kitty-video-criticism-racist-6069747/|title=Avril Lavigne Responds To 'Hello Kitty' Video Criticism: 'RACIST??? LOLOLOL!!!'|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=November 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128140057/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6069747/avril-lavigne-responds-to-hello-kitty-video-criticism-racist|archive-date=November 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

During mid-2014, Lavigne opened for boy band the [[Backstreet Boys]]' [[In a World Like This Tour]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mansfield|first=Brian|date=March 14, 2014|title=Backstreet Boys announce U.S. dates with Avril Lavigne|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/03/14/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-tour/6415649/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/03/14/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-tour/6415649/| archive-date=October 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=August 7, 2021|website=USA Today}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and played at the [[Summer Sonic Festival]] in [[Tokyo]].<ref name=Billboard-March2014>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-announce-summer-tour-5937521/ |title=Backstreet Boys, Avril Lavigne Announce Summer Tour | Billboard |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=April 9, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508025316/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/5937521/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-announce-summer-tour |archive-date=May 8, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.summersonic.com/2014/lineup/ |title=Avril at Summer Sonic |access-date=August 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831033551/http://www.summersonic.com/2014/lineup/ |archive-date=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> She released a music video for "[[Give You What You Like]]", the fifth single from her self-titled album on February 10, 2015. The song is featured in [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]]'s made-for-TV movie, ''Babysitter's Black Book''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popdust.com/avril-lavigne-returns-with-sexy-give-you-what-you-like-videowatch-now-1890477121.html|title=Avril Lavigne Returns With Sexy 'Give You What You Like' Video—Watch Now!|date=February 10, 2015|access-date=January 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131152536/https://www.popdust.com/avril-lavigne-returns-with-sexy-give-you-what-you-like-videowatch-now-1890477121.html|archive-date=January 31, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> By March 2018, the album sold more than 500,000 copies in the US, and it was certified Gold by the RIAA.<ref name=":0" />

In an April 2015 interview with ''Billboard'', Lavigne announced a new single titled "[[Fly (Avril Lavigne song)|Fly]]", which was released on April 26 in association with the [[2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games]].<ref name=Billboard-April2015>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-interview-special-olympics-christmas-album-lyme-disease-6524244/ |title=Avril Lavigne's Post-Illness Plans: Special Olympics Song, Christmas Album & Film Work |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=April 6, 2015 |access-date=April 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150409230940/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6524244/avril-lavigne-interview-special-olympics-christmas-album-lyme-disease |archive-date=April 9, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lavigne was featured in the song "Listen" from Japanese rock band One Ok Rock's eighth album, ''[[Ambitions (One Ok Rock album)|Ambitions]]'', released on January 11, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dickman |first=Maggie |title=ONE OK ROCK announce new album 'Ambitions,' release new song—listen |url=http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/one_ok_rock_announce_new_album_ambitions_release_new_songlisten |work=[[Alternative Press (music magazine)|Alternative Press]] |date=November 18, 2016 |access-date=December 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121005215/http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/one_ok_rock_announce_new_album_ambitions_release_new_songlisten |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was also featured in the song "Wings Clipped" by [[Grey (musical duo)|Grey]] with [[Anthony Green (musician)|Anthony Green]] for the duo's debut extended play ''Chameleon'', released on September 29, 2017.<ref>{{Citation |title=Chameleon – EP by Grey on Apple Music |date=September 29, 2017 |url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/chameleon-ep/id1286330260|access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929003854/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/chameleon-ep/id1286330260 |archive-date=September 29, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===2019–2020: ''Head Above Water''===
{{multiple image
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| footer = Lavigne performing in September 2019
| image1 = Avril Lavigne @ The Greek 09 18 2019 (49311431362).jpg
| image2 = Avril Lavigne @ The Greek 09 18 2019 (49310732373).jpg
}}

Lavigne's sixth album ''[[Head Above Water (album)|Head Above Water]]'' was released on February 15, 2019, through [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Avril Lavigne's 'Head Above Water' Is Here: Stream It Now |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8498593/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-stream-it-now |magazine=Billboard |access-date=February 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102001/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8498593/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-stream-it-now |archive-date=February 15, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=bmgannouncement>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne announces highly-anticipated new single 'Head Above Water' in letter to fans |url=https://www.bmg.com/de/news/Avril-Lavigne-announces-highly-anticipated-new-single-Head-Above-Water.html |website=[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] |access-date=September 6, 2018 |date=September 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906233757/https://www.bmg.com/de/news/Avril-Lavigne-announces-highly-anticipated-new-single-Head-Above-Water.html |archive-date=September 6, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The album reached the top ten in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and peaked at number thirteen on the U.S. ''Billboard'' 200. It was preceded by three singles: "[[Head Above Water (song)|Head Above Water]]", "[[Tell Me It's Over]]" and "[[Dumb Blonde (Avril Lavigne song)|Dumb Blonde]]", with the lead single drawing inspiration from Lavigne's battle with [[Lyme disease]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Avril Lavigne announces highly-anticipated new single 'Head Above Water' in letter to fans|url=https://www.bmg.com/de/news/Avril-Lavigne-announces-highly-anticipated-new-single-Head-Above-Water.html|publisher=[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]|date=September 6, 2018|access-date=September 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906233757/https://www.bmg.com/de/news/Avril-Lavigne-announces-highly-anticipated-new-single-Head-Above-Water.html|archive-date=September 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tellme">{{cite web|last=Nied|first=Mike|url=https://www.idolator.com/7689317/avril-lavigne-reveals-the-cover-tracklist-of-head-above-water| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.idolator.com/7689317/avril-lavigne-reveals-the-cover-tracklist-of-head-above-water| archive-date=October 21, 2021|title=Avril Lavigne Reveals The Cover & Tracklist Of 'Head Above Water'|website=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]|date=December 7, 2018|access-date=December 7, 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-nicki-minaj-dumb-blonde-8497856/|title=Avril Lavigne & Nicki Minaj Drop Fiery Collaboration 'Dumb Blonde': Listen|magazine=Billboard|access-date=June 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429113600/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8497856/avril-lavigne-nicki-minaj-dumb-blonde|archive-date=April 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The fourth single, "[[I Fell in Love with the Devil]]", was released on June 28, 2019.<ref name="etcanada">{{cite web|url = https://etcanada.com/news/472016/avril-lavignes-latest-single-i-fell-in-love-with-the-devil-is-creating-controversy/|title = Avril Lavigne's Latest Single 'I Fell in Love with the Devil' Is Creating Controversy|access-date = July 8, 2019|date = July 7, 2019|author = Brent Furdyk|publisher = ET Canada|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190707220254/https://etcanada.com/news/472016/avril-lavignes-latest-single-i-fell-in-love-with-the-devil-is-creating-controversy/|archive-date = July 7, 2019|url-status = dead}}</ref> In support of the album, Lavigne embarked on the [[Head Above Water Tour]], which started on September 14, 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-north-american-tour-head-above-water-8517269/|title=Avril Lavigne Announces First North American Tour in 5 Years|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=June 24, 2019|access-date=November 5, 2021|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105095752/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8517269/avril-lavigne-north-american-tour-head-above-water|url-status=live}}</ref> European concerts were postponed to 2022 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-announces-uk-european-tour-2022-tickets-3082025|title=Avril Lavigne announces UK and European tour for 2022|work=NME|date=October 28, 2021|access-date=November 5, 2021|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107140441/https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-announces-uk-european-tour-2022-tickets-3082025|url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 24, 2020, Lavigne re-recorded the track "Warrior" from her sixth album and released it as a single, titled "[[We Are Warriors]]". The proceeds from the single support [[Project HOPE]]'s relief efforts in the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/entertainment/music/avril-lavigne-talks-we-are-warriors-project-hope-digital-age/article/571241|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101063930/http://www.digitaljournal.com/entertainment/music/avril-lavigne-talks-we-are-warriors-project-hope-digital-age/article/571241|title=Avril Lavigne talks 'We Are Warriors,' Project HOPE, digital age|first=Markos|last=Papadatos|work=Digital Journal|date=May 5, 2020|archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

===2021–present: ''Love Sux''===
On January 8, 2021, "[[Flames (Mod Sun song)|Flames]]", a collaboration between [[Mod Sun]] and Lavigne, was released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CJg9_XtFZPM/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/avrillavigne/2477252430670435276 |archive-date=December 23, 2021 |url-access=subscription|title="Flames" with @modsun featuring me January 8th pre save now 🔥🔥🔥🔥 |website=Instagram|date=January 1, 2021|access-date=January 1, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idolator.com/7917360/avril-lavigne-announces-flames-featuring-mod-sun?andro=1&ios=1&safari=1|title=Avril Lavigne & Mod Sun Team Up For "Flames"|website=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]]|date=January 1, 2021|access-date=January 3, 2021|archive-date=December 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212005747/https://www.idolator.com/7917360/avril-lavigne-announces-flames-featuring-mod-sun?andro=1&ios=1&safari=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the subsequent month, Lavigne confirmed recording for her next album had been completed.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/avril-lavigne-has-finished-her-new-pop-punk-album/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.kerrang.com/the-news/avril-lavigne-has-finished-her-new-pop-punk-album/| archive-date=October 21, 2021|title=Avril Lavigne has finished her new pop-punk album|website=[[Kerrang]]|date=February 8, 2021|access-date=February 9, 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

On July 16, 2021, [[Willow Smith]] released her fourth album, titled ''[[Lately I Feel Everything]]'', with one of the tracks, "Grow", featuring Avril Lavigne and [[Travis Barker]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moore|first=Sam|date=July 12, 2021|title=Willow Smith confirms Avril Lavigne, Travis Barker and more on new album tracklist|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/willow-smith-confirms-avril-lavigne-travis-barker-and-more-on-new-album-tracklist-2991306| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.nme.com/news/music/willow-smith-confirms-avril-lavigne-travis-barker-and-more-on-new-album-tracklist-2991306| archive-date=October 21, 2021|access-date=July 15, 2021|website=[[NME]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A music video for the song was released in October of the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/willow-and-avril-lavigne-tower-above-the-city-in-new-grow-video-3074608|title=Willow and Avril Lavigne tower above the city in new 'Grow' video|work=NME|date=October 20, 2021|access-date=November 5, 2021|archive-date=November 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120044757/https://www.nme.com/news/music/willow-and-avril-lavigne-tower-above-the-city-in-new-grow-video-3074608|url-status=live}}</ref>

After announcing on November 3, 2021, that she had signed with Barker's label DTA Records,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-travis-barker-record-label-new-single-teaser-3087168|title=Avril Lavigne signs to Travis Barker's record label and teases new single|work=NME|date=November 4, 2021|access-date=November 5, 2021|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107131922/https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-travis-barker-record-label-new-single-teaser-3087168|url-status=live}}</ref> Lavigne announced her new single titled "[[Bite Me (song)|Bite Me]]", which was released on November 10.<ref>{{cite web|first=Will|last=Lavin|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-announces-new-single-bite-me-coming-next-week-3088620|title=Avril Lavigne announces new single 'Bite Me' coming next week|work=NME|date=November 5, 2021|access-date=November 5, 2021|archive-date=November 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107112528/https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-announces-new-single-bite-me-coming-next-week-3088620|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 13, 2022, Lavigne announced her seventh album ''[[Love Sux]]''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Emily|last=Carter|url=https://www.kerrang.com/avril-lavigne-announces-new-album-love-sux|title=Avril Lavigne announces new album Love Sux|work=Kerrang!|date=January 13, 2022|access-date=January 13, 2022|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201163526/https://www.kerrang.com/avril-lavigne-announces-new-album-love-sux|url-status=live}}</ref> Much of the album was written and produced by Lavigne's then boyfriend, pop punk artist Mod Sun. The second single off the record, "[[Love It When You Hate Me]]", was released on January 14, and featured American singer [[Blackbear (musician)|Blackbear]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-love-sux-new-song-1284911/|title=Avril Lavigne Previews New LP 'Love Sux' With 'Love It When You Hate Me'|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=January 15, 2022|access-date=January 21, 2022|archive-date=January 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116080500/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-love-sux-new-song-1284911/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> The album was subsequently released on February 25.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ruggieri|first=Melissa|title=Avril Lavigne knows 'love is a lot of work' as she drops album with MGK, Travis Barker|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2022/02/24/avril-lavigne-interview-machine-gun-kelly-travis-barker-love-sux-album/6832716001/|access-date=February 25, 2022|website=[[USA Today]]|archive-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503110708/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2022/02/24/avril-lavigne-interview-machine-gun-kelly-travis-barker-love-sux-album/6832716001/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Love Sux'' debuted at number nine on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chart,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Caulfield |first=Keith |date=March 6, 2022 |title='Encanto' Enchants Billboard 200 Albums Chart With Eighth Week at No. 1 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/encanto-billboard-200-chart-number-one-eighth-week-1235040129/ |access-date=April 2, 2022 |magazine=Billboard|archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306213543/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/encanto-billboard-200-chart-number-one-eighth-week-1235040129/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and at number three on the ''Billboard'' Canadian Albums chart.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2022 |title=She's Back: Avril Lavigne Debuts At 3 With 'Love Sux' |url=https://www.fyimusicnews.ca/articles/2022/03/07/shes-back-avril-lavigne-debuts-3-love-sux |access-date=April 2, 2022 |website=FYIMusicNews |archive-date=March 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309020651/https://www.fyimusicnews.ca/articles/2022/03/07/shes-back-avril-lavigne-debuts-3-love-sux |url-status=live }}</ref>

On June 13, 2022, a new edition of ''[[Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)|Let Go]]'' was released for the album's 20th anniversary. The record contains six previously unreleased bonus tracks, including [[Kelly Clarkson]]'s "[[Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson song)|Breakaway]]", which was originally written by Lavigne.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-let-go-anniversary-breakaway-new-version-1362549/|title=Avril Lavigne Drops New'Breakway' Version, Unearths Rarities for 'Let Go' Anniversary|last=Blistein|first=Jon|date=3 June 2022|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=3 June 2022|archive-date=June 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610051736/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-let-go-anniversary-breakaway-new-version-1362549/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/avril-lavigne-let-go-20th-anniversary-edition-1235283741/|title=Avril Lavigne Celebrates 'Let Go' 20th Anniversary With Expanded Edition, Including New Recording of 'Breakaway'|last=Shafer|first=Ellise|date=3 June 2022|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=3 June 2022|archive-date=June 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610031455/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/avril-lavigne-let-go-20th-anniversary-edition-1235283741/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On September 13, 2022, Lavigne attended, presented and performed at the 15th Annual Academy of Country Music (ACM) Honors at the [[Ryman Auditorium]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee]]. She performed a cover of [[Shania Twain]]'s "[[No One Needs to Know]]" and presented Twain with an ACM Poets Award. The cover received a positive reception.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 13, 2022|title=WATCH: Avril Lavigne Shocks Fans With Stellar Shania Twain Cover On ACM Honors|url=https://countrynow.com/watch-avril-lavigne-shocks-fans-with-stellar-shania-twain-cover-on-acm-honors/|access-date=September 16, 2022|website=Country Now|archive-date=September 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916071249/https://countrynow.com/watch-avril-lavigne-shocks-fans-with-stellar-shania-twain-cover-on-acm-honors/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 15, 2022|title=Avril Lavigne pays homage to 'Canadian queen Shania Twain' on Instagram|url=https://news.yahoo.com/avril-lavigne-homage-to-shania-twain-on-instagram-160820692.html|access-date=September 17, 2022|website=Yahoo! News|archive-date=September 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916140217/https://news.yahoo.com/avril-lavigne-homage-to-shania-twain-on-instagram-160820692.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On October 24, 2022, Lavigne announced the release of a single titled "[[I'm a Mess (Avril Lavigne and Yungblud song)|I'm a Mess]]" featuring English singer [[Yungblud]] on November 3, 2022,<ref>{{cite web |title="I'm A Mess" featuring @yungblud out Thursday, November 3 |url=https://twitter.com/avrillavigne/status/1585315637504618498 |access-date=2022-10-29 |website=Twitter |archive-date=October 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029055626/https://twitter.com/avrillavigne/status/1585315637504618498 |url-status=live }}</ref> as the lead single of the deluxe edition of ''Love Sux'', which was released on November 25.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/avrillavigne/status/1588293841681285121|title="I'm A Mess" is on the deluxe album coming out November 25 🧡🖤 #ImAMess|website=[[Twitter]]|date=3 November 2022|author=Avril Lavigne|access-date=November 4, 2022|archive-date=November 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103223747/https://twitter.com/AvrilLavigne/status/1588293841681285121|url-status=live}}</ref> While promoting "I'm a Mess", Lavigne confirmed she was working on her eighth album with [[John Feldmann]], Barker, Yungblud and [[Alex Gaskarth]] of band [[All Time Low]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/avrillavigne/status/1588331686886248450|title=Omfg my new album is coming along so quickly! Nothing like working with your friends. Been working with Alex from All Time Low, Travis, Feldy, and Yungblud…it's been like…Laugh. Talk. Write. Sing. Record. Repeat. #ImAMess|website=[[Twitter]]|date=3 November 2022|author=Avril Lavigne|access-date=November 4, 2022|archive-date=November 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104104034/https://twitter.com/avrillavigne/status/1588331686886248450|url-status=live}}</ref> "[[Fake as Hell]]", a collaboration between Lavigne and All Time Low, was eventually released as a single on September 15, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kerrang.com/all-time-low-and-avril-lavigne-join-forces-for-new-single-fake-as-hell|title=All Time Low and Avril Lavigne join forces for new single Fake As Hell|website=[[Kerrang!]]|date=September 15, 2023|access-date=September 15, 2023|archive-date=October 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015091351/https://www.kerrang.com/amp/all-time-low-and-avril-lavigne-join-forces-for-new-single-fake-as-hell|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 9, 2023, Lavigne did a live collaborative performance with [[country music]] artist [[Miranda Lambert]] during the 2023 [[CMA Fest]] at [[Nissan Stadium (Nashville)|Nissan Stadium]] in Nashville, Tennessee. They performed a mashup of Lambert's "[[Kerosene (song)|Kerosene]]" and Lavigne's "[[Sk8er Boi]]".<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jon|last=Freeman|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/avril-lavigne-miranda-lambert-sk8er-boi-cma-fest-1234768511/|title=Avril Lavigne Surprises CMA Fest to Sing 'Sk8er Boi' with Miranda Lambert|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 10, 2023|access-date=May 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611004026/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/avril-lavigne-miranda-lambert-sk8er-boi-cma-fest-1234768511/|archive-date=June 11, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/entertainment/music/2023/06/09/cma-fest-2023-see-day-2-performances-keith-urban-miranda-lambert/12054640002/|title=CMA Fest 2023: Day 2 surprises include Jelly Roll, Avril Lavigne and Reba McEntire|work=[[The Tennessean]]|date=June 9, 2023|access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref>

On May 10, 2024, Lavigne announced plans to release a [[Greatest Hits (Avril Lavigne album)|greatest hits album]] on June 21, 2024.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-track-list-first-greatest-hits-album-1235680056/ |title=Avril Lavigne Reveals Track List for First-Ever Greatest Hits Album|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=May 10, 2024|access-date=May 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510210000/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-track-list-first-greatest-hits-album-1235680056/|archive-date=May 10, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 16, 2024, Lavigne and [[country music]] artist [[Nate Smith (singer)|Nate Smith]] released a collaborative single titled "[[Bulletproof (Nate Smith song)|Bulletproof]]" that was originally released as a solo single for Smith. Lavigne and Smith performed the song at the 59th [[Academy of Country Music Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Lauren|last=Hoffman|url=https://coyotecountrylv.com/2024/05/16/nate-smith-avril-lavigne-bulletproof/|title=Nate Smith And Avril Lavigne Joins Forces On 'Bulletproof'|work=[[Beasley Media Group, LLC]]|date=May 16, 2024|access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref> In support of the album, Lavigne embarked her [[Greatest Hits Tour (Avril Lavigne)|Greatest Hits Tour]], which began on May 22, 2024 and concluded on September 18, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne Announces 2024 "The Greatest Hits" Tour |url=https://consequence.net/2024/01/avril-lavigne-the-greatest-hits-tour-2024/ |website=Consequence |access-date=February 9, 2024 |date=January 22, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last= Kaufman |first=Gil |title=Avril Lavigne Sets 2024 North American Greatest Hits Tour Dates |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-2024-north-american-greatest-hits-tour-dates-1235586071/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=February 11, 2024| date=January 22, 2024}}</ref> On June 30, 2024, Lavigne played the world-famous [[Glastonbury Festival]] in England for the first time, drawing one of the largest crowds ever seen at the Other Stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cxw28nex1yjo|title=Avril Lavigne on waiting 22 years to play Glastonbury|date=June 30, 2024 |publisher=BBC|accessdate=30 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/glastonbury/glastonbury-2024-review-avril-lavigne-b2571482.html |title=Avril Lavigne review, Glastonbury 2024: Another artist plonked on far too small a stage|work=The Independent|accessdate=30 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/30/avril-lavigne-at-glastonbury-review-pop-punk-pioneer-still-gives-potent-teenage-kicks|title=Avril Lavigne at Glastonbury review – pop punk pioneer still gives potent teenage kicks|work=The Guardian|date=June 30, 2024 |accessdate=30 June 2024 |last1=Petridis |first1=Alexis }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/live/avril-lavigne-draws-a-huge-glastonbury-crowd/|title=Avril Lavigne Draws A Huge Glastonbury Crowd|date=June 30, 2024 |publisher=Clash Music|accessdate=1 July 2024}}</ref>

On October 3, 2024, it was reported that Lavigne recorded another collaborative single with Smith titled "[[Can You Die from a Broken Heart]]". The song is featured on Smith's sophomore album ''[[California Gold (album)|California Gold]]'' and it was released as the third single from the album.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rocksound.tv/news/avril-lavigne-joins-forces-with-country-star-nate-smith-for-ballad-can-you-die-from-a-broken-heart#:~:text=by%20Maddy%20Howell%20%7C%20October%203,should%20feel%20and%20sound%20like.|title=Avril Lavigne Joins Forces With Country Star Nate Smith For Ballad 'Can You Die From A Broken Heart'|date=October 3, 2024 |publisher=RockSound|accessdate=5 October 2024}}</ref>

In 2025, Lavigne was featured on the single "[[77 (Billy Idol song)|77]]", which was featured on [[Billy Idol]]'s album ''[[Dream Into It]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/billy-idol-avril-lavigne-77 |title=Billy Idol hooks up with Avril Lavigne for driving pop-punk anthem 77 |date=April 23, 2025 |last=Lewry|first=Fraser |work=Louder Sound |access-date=May 8, 2025 }}</ref> They performed the song together on the April 28th episode of ''[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiox.co.uk/news/music/billy-idol-avril-lavigne-perform-77-jimmy-kimmel/ |title=Watch Billy Idol and Avril Lavigne perform their collab 77 on Jimmy Kimmel |date=April 30, 2025 |last=Mensah|first=Jenny |work=Radio X |access-date=May 8, 2025 }}</ref> On May 9, 2025, Lavigne released the single "[[Young & Dumb (song)|Young & Dumb]]", featuring [[Simple Plan]].<ref>{{cite web |last=van den Bosch |first=Eva |title=Avril Lavigne Announces New Song With Simple Plan |url=https://www.strifemag.com/artists/avril-lavigne/avril-lavigne-announces-new-song-with-simple-plan/ |website=Strife Mag |date=May 6, 2025 |access-date=May 7, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |title=Avril Lavigne Gets Nostalgic With Simple Plan for Anthemic Collab 'Young & Dumb' |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-simple-plan-young-and-dumb-song-video-1235966749/ |magazine=Billboard |date=May 9, 2025 |access-date=May 10, 2025}}</ref> Simple Plan and Lavigne had first toured together on Lavigne's first tour, the [[Try To Shut Me Up Tour]], from 2002 until its conclusion in 2003, which served as the inspiration for the song.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/avril-lavigne-simple-plan-young-and-dumb-song-video-1235966749/ |title=Avril Lavigne Gets Nostalgic With Simple Plan for Anthemic Collab 'Young & Dumb' |date=May 9, 2025 |last=Rowley|first=Glenn |work=Billiboard |access-date=May 11, 2025 }}</ref>

==Artistry ==
===Musical style===
[[File:Avril Lavigne performing at Caesars Windsor, 2022-05-12 04.jpg|thumb|Avril Lavigne performing at Caesars Windsor]]
Most critics have identified Lavigne as a [[Pop music|pop]],<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eames |first=Tom |date=2016-11-13 |title=In defence of Avril Lavigne: the unfairly maligned pop queen |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a795540/in-defence-of-avril-lavigne-the-pop-queen-who-got-away/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Digital Spy |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[pop-punk]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowley |first=Glenn |date=June 20, 2024 |title=15 Avril Lavigne Songs That Prove She's The "Motherf—in' Princess" Of Pop-Punk |url=https://grammy.com/news/avril-lavigne-songs-greatest-hits-album-pop-punk-princess |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[Grammy Awards]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Assaly |first=Richie |date=2025-02-11 |title=Avril Lavigne has been appointed to the Order of Canada. Here's why Canada's pop-punk princess still matters |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/avril-lavigne-has-been-appointed-to-the-order-of-canada-heres-why-canadas-pop-punk/article_6e4c5d62-34a1-11ef-a474-579331242b6a.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[Toronto Star]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Gehlich |first=Clare |title=The impact of Avril Lavigne's debut album "Let Go" on modern music |url=https://sbstatesman.com/126809/arts/the-impact-of-avril-lavignes-debut-album-let-go-on-modern-music/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Statesman}}</ref> [[pop rock]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Naomi |date=2024-05-24 |title=HEAVY MUSIC HISTORY: Avril Lavigne - Under My Skin |url=https://distortedsoundmag.com/heavy-music-history-avril-lavigne-under-my-skin/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Distorted Sound Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Michaels |first=Sean |date=2009-07-29 |title=Avril Lavigne goes acoustic on new album |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jul/29/avril-lavigne-acoustic-new-album |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[power pop]],<ref name="Rebild">{{Cite web |title=Avril Lavigne : Girlfriend |url=http://reload.rebild.tv/MUSIC36/music036.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218105146/http://reload.rebild.tv/MUSIC36/music036.html |archive-date=18 February 2008 |access-date=12 May 2014}}. Rebild TV.</ref><ref name="All I Ever Wanted">{{cite magazine |date=2009-03-03 |title=All I Ever Wanted |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/all-i-ever-wanted-190340/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319153834/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/all-i-ever-wanted-190340/ |archive-date=2023-03-19 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> [[alternative rock]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beech |first=Dave |date=2023-05-05 |title=Avril Lavigne: O2 Apollo, Manchester |url=https://louderthanwar.com/avril-lavigne-o2-apollo-manchester-live-review/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Louder Than War |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> and [[teen pop]] musician.<ref name=":2" /> Her first three albums were described as a mix of pop-punk, alternative rock and pop rock,<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne Essentials |url=https://music.apple.com/za/playlist/avril-lavigne-essentials/pl.8504e182e47a4668970d44586c0e6be3 |website=Apple Music |access-date=September 20, 2018 |quote=Alt-rock upstart Avril Lavigne came crashing into the charts in 2002 with a sound that stuck up a black nail-varnished middle finger at the hyper-polished world of classmates Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. From the chugging, three-chord pop-punk of "Sk8er Boi" and "My Happy Ending" to the country-hued, catchy melody of "Complicated" and the twinkling balladry of "I'm With You," the Canadian singer proved herself a crossover star, garnering legions of both mainstream and fringe fans with her Cali punk-indebted sound. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920084428/https://itunes.apple.com/za/playlist/avril-lavigne-essentials/pl.8504e182e47a4668970d44586c0e6be3 |archive-date=September 20, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|www.musicmight.com}} with elements of [[post-grunge]].{{r|www.thebiographychannel.co.uk}} Teen pop was also a major influence on Lavigne's first three albums, as most of her lyrics were from an adolescent perspective. This led critics to describe her music as ''alternateen'' or ''teen punk''.{{r|www.rollingstone.com}}

Her debut album, ''Let Go'', has a slight [[grunge]] influence, while Lavigne, herself, was compared to other female artists with a similar sound, mainly [[Alanis Morissette]].<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=457
| title=Outstanding guitar-pop debut from sassy teenage skateboarder
| website=Blender
| author=John Perry
| date=4 June 2002
| archive-url=https://archive.today/20041027002113/http://www.blender.com/guide/reviews.aspx?id=457
| archive-date=October 27, 2004
| access-date=July 21, 2022
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/let-go-mw0000222043
| title=Let Go – Avril Lavigne – Songs, Reviews, Credits
| author=Christina Saraceno
| website=AllMusic
| access-date=18 August 2019
| archive-date=December 8, 2011
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208022136/http://allmusic.com/album/let-go-r591514
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/dbxm/
|title=Review of Avril Lavigne – Let Go
|author=Nick Reynolds
|work=BBC
|year=2003
|access-date=23 August 2019
|archive-date=July 21, 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721142459/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/dbxm/
|url-status=live
}}</ref> Her second album, ''Under My Skin'', was noticeably darker, with heavier production, more ballads and a [[post-grunge]] sound that verged on [[nu metal]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pop-buzz.com/just-music/avril-lavigne-8-best-deep-cuts/ |title=Avril Lavigne: 8 Best Songs That Should've Been Singles |access-date=January 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006123204/http://www.pop-buzz.com/just-music/avril-lavigne-8-best-deep-cuts/ |archive-date=October 6, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/9jp2 |title=BBC – Music – Review of Avril Lavigne – Under My Skin |first=Annabel |last=Leathes |access-date=February 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813085705/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/9jp2/ |archive-date=August 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/review/avril-lavigne-emunder-my-skinem-11438 |title=Avril Lavigne: Under My Skin |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=May 28, 2004 |access-date=January 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807113028/http://www.avclub.com/review/avril-lavigne-emunder-my-skinem-11438 |archive-date=August 7, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> while keeping pop-punk influenced power chords.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Neil |first1=Tim |title=AVRIL LAVIGNE Under My Skin |url=http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/l/lavigneavril-under.shtml |website=PopMatters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923235335/http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/l/lavigneavril-under.shtml |access-date=21 July 2022 |archive-date=September 23, 2008 |quote=The album's defining sound is that of crunching punk guitars playing mighty power chords, all mixed with the same flawless elan that has characterized pop-punk ever since Green Day dropped Dookie.}}</ref> The album was seen as anticipating the "emotional intensity and theatrical aesthetics" of [[emo-pop]] before it came into the mainstream,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bradley |first1=Jonathan |title='It's Not Like We're Dead': The Fascinating Evolution & Non-Linear Maturation of Avril Lavigne, Motherf—king Princess |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/avril-lavigne-career-retrospective-8480753/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 1, 2019 |date=2018 |quote=While emo crossover acts such as Fall Out Boy and My Chemical Romance would remain an underground concern for at least another six months, Under My Skin anticipated that scene's emotional intensity and theatrical aesthetics in the mainstream. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303181937/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8480753/avril-lavigne-career-retrospective |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and has been compared to heavier bands like [[Linkin Park]] and [[Evanescence]].<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.omelete.com.br/musica/avril-lavigne-gotica
| title=Avril Lavigne gótica?
| author=Luciana Maria Sanches
| website=Omelete
| date=5 April 2004
| access-date=25 August 2019
| archive-date=July 21, 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721142500/https://www.omelete.com.br/musica/avril-lavigne-gotica
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine
| url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/avril-lavigne-under-my-skin/
| title=Avril Lavigne: Under My Skin
| author=Sal Cinquemani
| magazine=Slant Magazine
| date=20 May 2004
| access-date=25 August 2019
| archive-date=July 21, 2022
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721142459/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/avril-lavigne-under-my-skin/
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref name="ums">{{cite magazine
| url=https://ew.com/article/2004/05/01/early-word-avril-lavignes-new-album-2/
| title=Early word on Avril Lavigne's new album
| author=Brian Hiatt
| magazine=Entertainment Weekly
| date=1 May 2004
| access-date=3 July 2019
| archive-date=August 13, 2018
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075101/https://ew.com/article/2004/05/01/early-word-avril-lavignes-new-album-2/
| url-status=live
}}</ref> In contrast, ''The Best Damn Thing'' is more simplistic pop-punk that ''Blender'' wrote "sounded like [[Toni Basil]] cheerleading for [[Blink-182]]."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blender.com/2007/01/shamelesslyanticipatingavrilsnewalbum/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118075542/http://www.blender.com/2007/01/shamelesslyanticipatingavrilsnewalbum/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 January 2013 |title=Shamelessly Anticipating Avrils New Album |work=Blender |date=18 January 2007}}</ref> Lavigne was praised for her ability to combine [[bubblegum pop]] melodies with [[punk rock]] riffs on the album.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dunk|first1=Marcus|title=AVRIL LAVIGNE: THE BEST DAMN THING|url=https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/4945/AVRIL-LAVIGNE-THE-BEST-DAMN-THING|access-date=31 January 2017|publisher=Express|date=20 April 2007|quote=... the perpetual teenager who manages to combine bubblegum pop with punk riffs in pretty much every song.}}</ref>

Lavigne's sound went softer and poppier on her fourth and sixth albums, ''Goodbye Lullaby'' and ''Head Above Water'' respectively. They are characterized more by acoustic pop rock and less guitar-driven songs that were a signature of her earlier works.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Callwood |first1=Brett |title=AVRIL LAVIGNE'S HEAD IS FINALLY ABOVE WATER |url=https://www.laweekly.com/avril-lavignes-head-is-finally-above-water/ |access-date=September 12, 2019 |date=September 11, 2019 |quote=After three albums of the quirky, bouncy skater-punk and post-grunge that saw her build a huge international fanbase, she began the new decade with the pop-rock Goodbye Lullaby in 2011 and followed that with the ultimately pop Avril Lavigne in 2013. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923230537/https://www.laweekly.com/avril-lavignes-head-is-finally-above-water/ |archive-date=September 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite this, songs on both albums have been labeled as pop-punk, including "[[Dumb Blonde (Avril Lavigne song)|Dumb Blonde]]" on the latter, a collaboration with Trinidadian rapper [[Nicki Minaj]], with elements of [[hip-hop]].<ref name="exclaim.ca">{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Josia |title=Avril Lavigne Teams Up with Nicki Minaj for Punk Pop Banger "Dumb Blonde" |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/avril_lavigne_teams_up_with_nicki_minaj_for_punk_pop_banger_dumb_blonde |access-date=12 February 2019 |website=Exclaim |quote="Dumb Blonde" sees Avril join forces with Nicki Minaj, and the final result is a pop-punk/hip-hop blend}}</ref> Meanwhile, her fifth album, ''Avril Lavigne'', is more diverse, with a mix of [[dance-pop]] and harsher rock tracks,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-11-05 |title=Avril Lavigne's new album has hits, misses and no sense of direction |url=https://dbknews.com/2013/11/04/article_85ebbcca-45b4-11e3-838d-001a4bcf6878-html/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[The Diamondback]] |quote=Does Lavigne know what she wants to do with her music? Does she want to focus on dance-pop party anthems or harsher rock tracks?}}</ref> including "[[Hello Kitty (song)|Hello Kitty]]", that experiments with [[J-pop]], [[dubstep]] and [[Electronic dance music|EDM]],<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite magazine |date=18 November 2013 |title='Avril Lavigne' Album Review {{pipe}} Album Reviews |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/avril-lavigne-20131118 |access-date=20 February 2014 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]}}
*{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Michael |date=24 April 2014 |title=Avril Lavigne J-Pop Salute not Racist it is Kawaii |url=https://guardianlv.com/2014/04/avril-lavigne-j-pop-salute-not-racist-it-is-kawaii/ |access-date=28 January 2017 |website=Guardian Liberty Voice}}
*{{cite magazine |last=Catucci |first=Nick |date=29 October 2013 |title=Avril Lavigne's new self-titled album, streaming today: Read EW's review |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2013/10/29/avril-lavigne-2013-album-review/ |access-date=6 November 2013 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}
*{{cite web |date=1 November 2013 |title=Avril Lavigne - Avril Lavigne - Album Review |url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=3530351 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=[[Absolute Punk]]}}</ref> and "Bad Girl", a collaboration with American rock musician [[Marilyn Manson]], considered one of her heaviest songs.<ref name=":3" /> Lavigne returned to her pop-punk roots on her seventh album ''Love Sux'', with the [[Pop-punk#Mainstream resurgence (2020s)|mainstream resurgence]] of the genre. She embraced [[emo-pop]] angst,<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Steffanne |title=THE MOST EMO LYRICS FROM AVRIL LAVIGNE'S LOVE SUX |url=https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/avril-lavigne-love-sux-emo-lyrics |website=Nylon |date=February 25, 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=August 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805130742/https://www.nylon.com/entertainment/avril-lavigne-love-sux-emo-lyrics |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |last1=Arias |first1=Mateo |title=Avril Lavigne despierta el sentimiento emo-punk con 'Love Sux' |url=https://revistadiners.com.co/cultura/100528_avril-lavigne-love-sux/ |website=Revista Diners |date=March 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022 |language=Spanish |quote=Lavigne returns with a very emo sound loaded with nostalgia and roughness |archive-date=August 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805130816/https://revistadiners.com.co/cultura/100528_avril-lavigne-love-sux/ |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |last1=Yang |first1=Katrina |title=Avril Lavigne "Love Sux" |url=https://thepunkhead.com/pop/review/album/avril-lavigne-love-sux |website=Punk Head |access-date=5 August 2022 |quote=Avril Lavigne is back with her aughts emo pop-punk aesthetic. |archive-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226093843/https://thepunkhead.com/pop/review/album/avril-lavigne-love-sux |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |last1=Franco |first1=Kai |title=Avril Lavigne Brings Emo Back with "Love Sux" |url=https://wonder.ph/popculture/avril-lavigne-emo-back-love-sux/ |website=Wonder |date=March 9, 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926192031/https://wonder.ph/popculture/avril-lavigne-emo-back-love-sux/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[skate punk]] influences from [[NOFX]], [[Blink-182]], [[Green Day]] and [[the Offspring]].<ref>Multiple sources:
*{{cite magazine |last1=Spanos |first1=Brittany |title=Avril Lavigne Gets Back to Her Aughts Emo Bubble-Punk Roots on the Absolutely Killer 'Love Sux' |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/avril-lavigne-love-sux-1311145/ |access-date=March 30, 2022 |archive-date=March 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302001029/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/avril-lavigne-love-sux-1311145/ |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne's New Album Love Sux is high energy Skate Punk Candy |url=http://indiemusicspin.com/avril-lavignes-new-album-love-sux-is-high-energy-skate-punk-candy/ |website=IndieMusicSpin |date=February 28, 2022 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404020251/http://indiemusicspin.com/avril-lavignes-new-album-love-sux-is-high-energy-skate-punk-candy/ |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |last1=Shutler |first1=Ali |title=Avril Lavigne on her new Green Day inspired album: "It's a love letter to women" |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-says-her-new-green-day-inspired-album-is-a-love-letter-to-women-3120075 |website=NME |date=December 16, 2021 |access-date=March 30, 2022 |quote=To the core, I'm a kid from a small town who listened to bands like Blink-182 and Green Day and NOFX in high school, and I tapped into that. |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602010925/https://www.nme.com/news/music/avril-lavigne-says-her-new-green-day-inspired-album-is-a-love-letter-to-women-3120075 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Tyler |title=Nine Songs: Avril Lavigne |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/avril-lavigne-nine-favourite-songs |website=The Line of Best Fit |access-date=March 30, 2022 |quote=I was really connecting with punk rock, aggression and rock and roll when I got into writing riffs. That was the style that I gravitated towards when I was picking up the guitar – I was listening to those distorted sounds as well as bands like The Offspring and blink-182 who were so influential. |archive-date=May 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503134249/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/avril-lavigne-nine-favourite-songs |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lavigne possesses a [[soprano]] vocal range.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://riverbeats.life/glitter-gold-keshas-new-sound-best-yet/|title=From Glitter to Gold: Why Kesha's New Sound is Her Best Yet|first=River|last=Beats|date=August 18, 2017|access-date=October 17, 2018|work=River Beats|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018082740/https://riverbeats.life/glitter-gold-keshas-new-sound-best-yet/|archive-date=October 18, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/avril-lavigne/news/avril-lavigne-theory-dead/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/avril-lavigne/news/avril-lavigne-theory-dead/| archive-date=October 21, 2021|last=Meadway|first=Katie|date=May 15, 2017|access-date=October 18, 2018|title=There's Now So Much 'Evidence' For The 'Avril Lavigne Has Been Dead For 13 Years' Theory That We're Kinda Starting To Believe It|work=[[Capital London|Capital FM]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.spin.com/2019/02/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-reivew/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.spin.com/2019/02/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-reivew/| archive-date=October 21, 2021| title = Avril Lavigne's Tacky Head Above Water Fails to Do Her Legacy Justice| work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]| date=February 20, 2019| access-date=April 28, 2020| first=Zoe| last=Camp}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.stereogum.com/2032478/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-review/franchises/the-week-in-pop/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.stereogum.com/2032478/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-review/franchises/the-week-in-pop/| archive-date=October 21, 2021| title = Avril Lavigne's Disappointing Return| work=[[Stereogum]]| date=February 21, 2019| access-date=April 28, 2020| first=Chris| last=DeVille}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Pat Blashill of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', in a review of "Sk8er Boi", described her voice as "equal parts baby girl and husky siren".<ref name=rollingstone>{{cite news|last=Blashill|first=Pat|title=Let Go | Album Reviews | Rolling Stone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/let-go-20020702|access-date=3 May 2014|newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=2 July 2002}}</ref> Themes in her music include messages of self-empowerment from a female or an adolescent perspective.{{r|blossoming}} Lavigne believes her "songs are about being yourself no matter what and going after your dreams even if your dreams are crazy and even if people tell you they're never going to come true."{{r|girlauinterview}} [[Ian McKellen]] defined her as "a punk chanteuse, a post-grunge valkyrie, with the wounded soul of a poet and the explosive pugnacity of a Canadian" on ''[[The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson]]'' in 2007.{{r|www.fanpop.com|avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com}}

=== Songwriting ===
{{Quote box
| width = 20em
| align = right
| quote = I know my fans look up to me and that's why I make my songs so personal; it's all about things I've experienced and things I like or hate. I write for myself and hope that my fans like what I have to say.
| source = — Lavigne on her musical artistry{{r|girlauinterview}}
}}On her debut album, ''Let Go'', Lavigne preferred the less mainstream songs, such as "[[Losing Grip]]", instead of her more radio-friendly singles, such as "[[Complicated (Avril Lavigne song)|Complicated]]", saying that "the songs I did with [[The Matrix (production team)|the Matrix]] ... were good for my first record, but I don't want to be that pop anymore."{{r|teenspirit}} Lavigne's second album, ''Under My Skin'', had deeper personal themes underlying each song, with Lavigne remarking that "I've gone through so much, so that's what I talk about ... Like boys, like dating or relationships."{{r|musicomhinterview}} In contrast, her third album, ''The Best Damn Thing'', was not personal to her. "Some of the songs I wrote didn't even mean that much to me. It's not like some personal thing I'm going through."{{r|scold}} Her objective in writing the album was simply to "make it fun".{{r|salva}} ''Goodbye Lullaby'', her fourth album, was much more personal than her earlier records,{{r|musicmix}} with Lavigne describing the album as "more stripped down, deeper. All the songs are very emotional."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/entertainment/lavigne-gets-deep-on-new-record-487574.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/entertainment/lavigne-gets-deep-on-new-record-487574.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 | title=Lavigne gets deep on new record | work=[[Irish Examiner]] | date=December 31, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

While Lavigne said she was not angry, her interviews were still passionate about the media's lack of respect for her songwriting. She said, "I am a writer, and I won't accept people trying to take that away from me", adding that she had been writing "full-structured songs" since she was 14.{{r|ledgermoody}} Despite this, Lavigne's songwriting has been questioned throughout her career. The songwriting trio the Matrix, with whom Lavigne wrote songs for ''Let Go'', claimed they were the main songwriters of her singles "Complicated", "[[Sk8er Boi]]" and "[[I'm with You (Avril Lavigne song)|I'm with You]]". Lavigne said that she was the primary songwriter for every song on the album, stating that "[N]one of those songs aren't from me".{{r|teenspirit}}

In 2007, [[Chantal Kreviazuk]], who wrote with Lavigne on ''Under My Skin'', accused her of plagiarism and criticized her songwriting, saying that "Avril doesn't really sit and write songs by herself or anything."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/23/AR2007072300771.html |title=Singer-Songwriters, or Just Singers? |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Nekesa |last=Mumbi Moody |date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219170734/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/23/AR2007072300771.html |archive-date=February 19, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{r|kreviazuk}} Lavigne also disclaimed this, and considered taking legal action against Kreviazuk for "clear defamation" against her character.{{r|yahoomusic}} Kreviazuk later apologized, saying that "Avril is an accomplished songwriter and it has been my privilege to work with her."{{r|kreviazuk}} Shortly after that, Tommy Dunbar, founder of the band [[the Rubinoos]], sued Lavigne, her publishing company, and [[Dr. Luke|Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald]] for allegedly stealing parts of "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend" for her song "Girlfriend".{{r|billboardstole}} Gottwald defended Lavigne, stating, "me and Avril wrote the song together... It has the same chord progressions as ten different Blink-182 songs, the standard changes you'd find in a [[Sum 41]] song. It's the [[Sex Pistols]], not the Rubinoos."{{r|yahoomusic}} In January 2008, a confidential settlement was reached between the parties.{{r|settle}}

===Influences===
Lavigne's earlier influences came from [[country music]] acts such as [[Garth Brooks]], [[the Chicks]], and [[Shania Twain]],{{r|teenspirit|mirrorquigley}} and [[alternative pop|alternative]] singer-songwriters such as [[Alanis Morissette]], [[Lisa Loeb]], [[Natalie Imbruglia]], and [[Janis Joplin]].{{r|musicomhinterview}} By the time she left school to focus on her music career, Lavigne was musically more influenced by [[skate punk]], [[pop punk]], and [[punk rock]] acts such as [[Blink-182]], [[the Offspring]], [[Sum 41]], [[NOFX]], [[Pennywise (band)|Pennywise]], [[Green Day]], [[the Ramones]], [[the Distillers]], and [[Hole (band)|Hole]]. She also enjoyed [[Heavy metal music|metal]] bands such as [[Marilyn Manson (band)|Marilyn Manson]] and [[System of a Down]], as well as [[alternative rock|alternative]] bands such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[No Doubt]], the [[Goo Goo Dolls]], [[Radiohead]], [[the Cranberries]], [[Coldplay]], [[Oasis (band)|Oasis]], [[Third Eye Blind]], [[Matchbox Twenty]], [[Incubus (band)|Incubus]], [[Dashboard Confessional]] and [[the Used]].{{r|capricho.abril.com.br}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/avril_lavigne_when_females_lash_out.html |title=Avril Lavigne: When Females Lash Out |access-date=January 4, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307203139/https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/avril_lavigne_when_females_lash_out.html |archive-date=March 7, 2016}} "what music she listens to then, she [Avril] said: "Marilyn Manson, The Used, Hole, Radiohead, The Distillers, NOFX etc"</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/avril-lavigne-20040624 |title=Q&A: Avril Lavigne |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=June 24, 2004 |access-date=January 4, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927071503/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/avril-lavigne-20040624 |archive-date=September 27, 2016}} "I've been listening to Third Eye Blind, Oasis, Marilyn Manson and System of a Down on my iPod, but I really like the new Blink-182 record.</ref> Lavigne described Third Eye Blind's [[Third Eye Blind (album)|self-titled debut studio album]] as one of the biggest influences in her music career.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spin.com/2022/02/5-albums-i-cant-live-without-avril-lavigne/|title=5 Albums I Can't Live Without: Avril Lavigne|work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|last=Lentini|first=Liza|date=February 18, 2022|accessdate=February 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219085113/https://www.spin.com/2022/02/5-albums-i-cant-live-without-avril-lavigne/|archive-date=February 19, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Because of these influences, musical genres, and Lavigne's personal style, the media often defined her as [[punk subculture|punk]], something she said she was not. Lavigne's close friend and first guitarist, [[Evan Taubenfeld]], said: "It's a very touchy subject to a lot of people, but the point is that Avril isn't punk, but she never really pretended to claim to come from that scene. She had pop punk music and the media ended up doing the rest."{{r|ultimateguitar}} Lavigne commented on the matter: "I have been labelled like I'm this angry girl, [a] rebel ... punk, and I am ''so'' not any of them."{{r|ledgermoody}} However, she has also said that her music has punk influences: "I like to listen a lot to punk rock music, you can notice a certain influence of punk in my music. I like an aggressive music, but pretty enough heavy pop-rock, which is what I really do."{{r|capricho.abril.com.br}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/interviews/a523465/avril-lavigne-interview-ill-always-be-young-at-heart/ |title=Avril Lavigne: 'I'll always feel young' |website=[[Digital Spy]] |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=June 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613213415/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/interviews/a523465/avril-lavigne-interview-ill-always-be-young-at-heart/ |archive-date=June 13, 2016}} "For me, my music's always been heavy pop rock{{nbsp}}..."</ref> In other interviews, she similarly described her sound as drawing from multiple styles, explaining: "For me and my music, I've always had a connection to pop-rock, pop-punk, rock and roll, and [[emo music]]. I've always had that element in my albums, and it's always been with me — at all of my shows, all of my concerts."<ref>{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Caitlin |title=Avril Lavigne On The 20 Years Behind Her Instant Pop-Punk Classic, ‘Love Sux’ |url=https://uproxx.com/pop/avril-lavigne-love-sux-interview/ |website=UPROXXX |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>

== Image ==
{{Quote box
| width = 30em
| align = right
| quote = I have to fight to keep my image really ''me'' ... I rejected some gorgeous publicity shots because they just didn't look like me. I won't wear skanky clothes that show my booty, my belly or my boobs. I have a great body.|
| source = — Lavigne on her image early in her career{{r|mtvrealdeal}}
}}

When Lavigne first gained publicity, she was known for her [[tomboy]]ish style,{{r|vancouversun}} in particular her necktie-and-tank-top combinations.{{r|nytimesnecktie|wakeupvideo}} She preferred baggy clothes, skater shoes or [[Converse (shoe company)|Converses]],{{r|inked2010}} wristbands, and sometimes shoelaces wrapped around her fingers.{{r|msnbcpauley}} During photo shoots, instead of wearing "glittery get-ups", she preferred wearing "old, crumpled T's".{{r|mtvrealdeal}} In response to her fashion and musical influences, the media called her the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|pop punk princess]]"{{r|altman|observer}} and the female answer to [[Blink-182]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.complex.com/girls/2011/01/the-11-hottest-comeback-chicks-of-2011/avril-lavigne |title=The 11 Hottest Comeback Chicks of 2011 |website=[[Complex Networks]] |date=January 20, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630083020/http://www.complex.com/girls/2011/01/the-11-hottest-comeback-chicks-of-2011/avril-lavigne |archive-date=June 30, 2014}} "Lavigne somehow devolved into that sk8r girl who was only relevant to the mid-2000s pop punk period as the female answer to Blink 182"</ref> Press and fans regarded her as the "anti-[[Britney Spears|Britney]]", in part because of her "real" image, but also because she was noticeably headstrong. "I'm not made up and I'm not being told what to say and how to act, so they have to call me the anti-Britney, which I'm not."{{r|msnbcpauley}} By November 2002, however, Lavigne stopped wearing ties, claiming she felt she was "wearing a costume".{{r|ewwillman}} Lavigne made a conscious effort to keep her music, and not her image, at the forefront of her career.{{r|manilamoody}}

Lavigne eventually took on a more [[goth subculture|gothic]] style as she began her second album, ''Under My Skin'', trading her skating outfits for black [[Ballet tutu|tutus]]{{r|observer}} and developing an image marked by [[angst]].{{r|mtvundermyskin}} During ''The Best Damn Thing'' years, Lavigne changed directions. She dyed her hair blonde with a pink streak, wore feminine outfits,{{r|imnotobsessed}} including "tight jeans and heels",{{r|inked2010}} and modelled for magazines such as ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]''.{{r|vancouversun}} Lavigne defended her new style: "I don't really regret anything. You know, the ties and the wife-beaters and all ... It had its time and place. And now I'm all grown up, and I've moved on".{{r|imnotobsessed}}

Lavigne has been the subject of [[Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory|a conspiracy theory]] that posits that she committed suicide in 2003 and was replaced by a body double who had previously been recruited to distract paparazzi. This originated as a joke on a Brazilian blog, but it has since been embraced by some conspiracy theorists in earnest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-39921209 |title=The Avril Lavigne conspiracy theory returns |last=Estatie |first=Lamia |date=May 15, 2017 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=September 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825092224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-39921209 |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with Australia's [[KIIS 106.5]] in November 2018, Lavigne responded to the rumour, stating: "Yeah, some people think that I'm not the real me, which is so weird! Like, why would they even think that?"<ref>{{cite news |first=Cydney |last=Contreras |url=https://www.eonline.com/ap/news/982961/avril-lavigne-finally-responds-to-viral-conspiracy-theory-that-she-died-years-ago |title=Avril Lavigne Finally Responds to Viral Conspiracy Theory That She Died Years Ago |work=E Online |access-date=November 30, 2018 |location=USA |date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130114716/https://www.eonline.com/ap/news/982961/avril-lavigne-finally-responds-to-viral-conspiracy-theory-that-she-died-years-ago |archive-date=November 30, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Avril Lavigne on piano, Italy (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Lavigne performing in 2011 during her [[Black Star Tour]]]]
Lavigne has been called the greatest female representative of [[pop-punk]] music and one of the female singers who best represent [[2000s in music#Rock|2000s rock music]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fitzmaurice |first1=Larry |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Exploring Avril Lavigne's Complicated Influence |url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/02/exploring-avril-lavignes-complicated-influence.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019105839/https://www.vulture.com/2019/02/exploring-avril-lavignes-complicated-influence.html |archive-date=October 19, 2019 |access-date=October 19, 2019 |website=Vulture |quote=Lavigne was practically the most visible female-identifying rock-adjacent musician, and her punkish, mall-destroying image packed undeniable appeal for a generational subset otherwise gazing at the masculine, often-misogynistic landscape of nu metal and Bush-era pop-punk.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rosales |first1=Armando |title=Avril Lavigne, the greatest exponent of pop punk |url=http://quarterrockpress.com/index.php/qrp-files/item/7551-avril-lavigne-la-mayor-exponente-del-pop-punk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331211049/http://quarterrockpress.com/index.php/qrp-files/item/7551-avril-lavigne-la-mayor-exponente-del-pop-punk |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017 |website=QuarterRockPress.com |language=es}}</ref><ref name="fella.com">{{cite web |last1=Butler |first1=Josh |year=2016 |title=Fella's guide to the greatest pop punk bands |url=http://www.fella.com/life/fellas-guide-greatest-pop-bunk-bands/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111433/http://www.fella.com/life/fellas-guide-greatest-pop-bunk-bands/ |archive-date=April 6, 2017 |access-date=April 5, 2017 |website=fella.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 50 Best Musicians/Bands Since 2000: 20 – 11 |url=http://www.themusicobserver.com/top-50-musiciansbands-since-2000/top-50-best-musiciansbands-since-2000-20-11/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406202952/http://www.themusicobserver.com/top-50-musiciansbands-since-2000/top-50-best-musiciansbands-since-2000-20-11/ |archive-date=April 6, 2017 |access-date=April 5, 2017 |website=The Music Observer |quote=Forget about calling her the Pop Punk Princess; Avril Lavigne is the Pop Punk Queen. She is not only far and away the best pop punk musician of her generation}}</ref>

She has been compared to alternative female singer-songwriters of the 1990s such as [[Alanis Morissette]], [[Liz Phair]], and [[Courtney Love]], Lavigne also was seen as a fashion icon for her [[skatepunk]] and rocker style.<ref name="celebmix.com">{{cite web|url=http://celebmix.com/rock-princess-avril-lavigne-an-important-figure-in-pop-punk/|title=Rock Princess Avril Lavigne: An Important Figure In Pop Punk|last1=C.|first1=Danni|website=CelebMix|date=February 15, 2016|access-date=March 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813105301/http://celebmix.com/rock-princess-avril-lavigne-an-important-figure-in-pop-punk/|archive-date=August 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/avril-lavigne-16472577#synopsis |title=Avril Lavigne |website=Biography.com |access-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316024853/http://www.biography.com/people/avril-lavigne-16472577#synopsis |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[Mail & Guardian]], Kimberley Schoeman called Lavigne a "[[queer]] icon" and a "sweet spot for those realising, "I like boys and girls"".<ref>{{cite news |last= Schoeman |first= Kimberley |date= June 9, 2022 |title= The queer icons that paved the way for safer sexual expression |url= https://mg.co.za/friday/2022-06-09-queer-as-folk-icons/ |work= Mail & Guardian |access-date= January 7, 2024 |archive-date= January 7, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240107161704/https://mg.co.za/friday/2022-06-09-queer-as-folk-icons/ |url-status= live }}</ref> "[[Sk8er Boi]]", "[[He Wasn't]]", and "[[Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)|Girlfriend]]" are frequently listed among the best pop-punk songs of all time by critics.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 21 Best Pop-Punk Choruses of the 21st Century |url=http://www.spin.com/2017/04/best-pop-punk-choruses/ |work=Spin |date=April 28, 2017 |access-date=April 30, 2017 |quote=5. Avril Lavigne – "Sk8er Boi" The choruses in "Sk8er Boi" are all different, but they all start the same way: "He was a sk8er boi / She said see you later boi," two lines that won't stop being funny until animals stop riding skateboards. Which chorus is best? It might be the first one ("He wasn't good enough for her"), but actually it's the second, the one where Avril might as well say "plot twist" first: "Now he's a superstar / Slammin' on his guitar." — AG |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429080434/http://www.spin.com/2017/04/best-pop-punk-choruses/ |archive-date=April 29, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pauker |first1=Lance |title=49 Phenomenally Angsty Pop-Punk Songs From The 2000s You Forgot Existed |url=https://thoughtcatalog.com/lance-pauker/2014/01/49-phenomenally-angsty-pop-punk-songs-from-the-2000s-you-forgot-existed/ |website=Thought Catalog |date=January 22, 2014 |access-date=April 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010131437/http://thoughtcatalog.com/lance-pauker/2014/01/49-phenomenally-angsty-pop-punk-songs-from-the-2000s-you-forgot-existed |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sherman |first1=Maria |title=The 15 Best Pop-Punk Songs For Karaoke |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/mariasherm/the-15-best-pop-punk-songs-for-karaoke |website=BuzzFeed |access-date=April 30, 2017 |quote=6. Avril Lavigne, "Sk8r Boi" This is the point where pop-punk purists will disagree with me, but there was/is certainly nothing truly punk about Avril, so she belongs on this list. "Sk8r Boi" was one of the few songs that came out in 2002 that my mom and I could both enjoy. ~*~so alt~*~ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428070355/http://www.buzzfeed.com/mariasherm/the-15-best-pop-punk-songs-for-karaoke |archive-date=April 28, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Girlfriend – Avril Lavigne |url=http://www.elepe.com/avril-lavigne/the-best-damn-thing/girlfriend |website=Elepé |access-date=April 30, 2017 |language=es |quote=" Girlfriend cemented the Canadian artist in the pop punk world scene" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807112959/http://www.elepe.com/avril-lavigne/the-best-damn-thing/girlfriend |archive-date=August 7, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

She helped pave the way for female-driven punk-influenced pop artists such as [[Paramore]], [[Skye Sweetnam]], [[Fefe Dobson]], [[Lillix]], [[Kelly Osbourne]], [[Krystal Meyers]], [[Tonight Alive]], [[Courage My Love]], and [[Hey Monday]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Monroy |first1=Ana |date=September 6, 2019 |title=Avril Lavigne Has Always Known Exactly Who She Is |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/avril-lavigne-has-always-known-exactly-who-she |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/avril-lavigne-has-always-known-exactly-who-she |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=Grammy |quote=... and the impact her [Avril] music has had on the next generation of female alt-rockers.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Frank |first1=Alex |date=June 29, 2017 |title=Paramore's Hayley Williams Still Gets You |url=http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030085226/http://www.thefader.com/2017/06/29/paramore-hayley-williams-cover-story-interview |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |access-date=November 2, 2017 |website=Fader |publisher=The Fader |quote="Avril Lavigne had recently broken through, whetting the industry's appetite for punky alternatives to Britney and Christina. "I don't think I would've been signed if Avril hadn't happened," she says."}}</ref><ref name="Pieces of Avril">{{cite news |date=January 31, 2004 |title=Pieces of Avril |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/pieces-of-avril/article993343/?page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143310/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/pieces-of-avril/article993343/?page=1 |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |access-date=March 16, 2017 |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hammond |first1=Amy |title=Krystal Meyers is in the Spotlight |url=http://www.soulshine.ca/features/featuresarticle.php?fid=274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317060206/http://www.soulshine.ca/features/featuresarticle.php?fid=274 |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |access-date=March 16, 2017 |quote=I've been compared many a time to Avril, which I can see, but you know that's because there aren't a lot of people to compare to. There's not a lot of girls that are doing like the solo, pop/punk thing |agency=Soul Shine}}</ref> She has influenced a wide array of musical artists, including acts such as [[Tramp Stamps (band)|Tramp Stamps]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Al-Sharif|first=Rabab|title=Who Are Tramp Stamps + Why Does Everyone Already Hate Them?|url=https://loudwire.com/tiktok-band-tramp-stamps-why-everyone-hate-them/|magazine=[[Loudwire]]|date=April 19, 2021|access-date=March 7, 2022|archive-date=May 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530080211/https://loudwire.com/tiktok-band-tramp-stamps-why-everyone-hate-them/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bebe Rexha]],<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/media/podcasts/pop-shop-podcast-bebe-rexha-expectations-interview-8469153/|title=Pop Shop Podcast: Bebe Rexha Opens Up About Exceeding 'Expectations' With Her Debut Album, 'Meant to Be' Chart Record & More|magazine=Billboard|date=August 7, 2018|access-date=November 20, 2022|archive-date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808113632/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/podcasts/8469153/pop-shop-podcast-bebe-rexha-expectations-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Billie Eilish]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kaplan |first1=Ilana |title=Pop Newcomer Billie Eilish Wants to Make Sure You Never Forget Her |url=http://www.papermag.com/pop-newcomer-billie-eilish-wants-to-make-sure-you-never-forget-her-2305463278.html |website=Paper |date=March 16, 2017 |access-date=December 10, 2018 |quote=I grew up listening to the Beatles, Green Day and Avril Lavigne |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211054233/http://www.papermag.com/pop-newcomer-billie-eilish-wants-to-make-sure-you-never-forget-her-2305463278.html |archive-date=December 11, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Courage My Love]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sims |first1=Eddie |title=INTERVIEW: Courage My Love |url=https://distortedsoundmag.com/interview-courage-my-love/ |website=Distorted Sound |date=July 23, 2018 |access-date=November 16, 2018 |quote=Who were the idols that made you want to pick up instruments? – Phoenix: We're Canadian so we can't get away without mentioning Avril Lavigne, pre-kawaii of course. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116131523/https://distortedsoundmag.com/interview-courage-my-love/ |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[5 Seconds of Summer]],<ref>{{cite web |title=5 Seconds of Summer: Related |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/5-seconds-of-summer-mn0003185359/related| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/5-seconds-of-summer-mn0003185359/related| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=AllMusic |access-date=January 27, 2021 |quote=See ''Influenced by'' section.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Yungblud]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yeniocak |first1=Su |title=Yungblud Says Avril Lavigne's Authenticity Suggestion Helped His Music Career |url=https://rockcelebrities.net/yungblud-says-avril-lavignes-authenticity-suggestion-helped-his-music-career/ |website=Rockcelebrities |date=September 20, 2021 |access-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-date=November 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104160431/https://rockcelebrities.net/yungblud-says-avril-lavignes-authenticity-suggestion-helped-his-music-career/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Maggie Lindemann]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Ginsberg |first1=Gab |title=Maggie Lindemann's Boots Were Made For Creeping |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/maggie-lindemann-interview-paranoia-ep-9514052/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/9514052/maggie-lindemann-interview-paranoia-ep| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=January 27, 2021 |quote=Lindemann found inspiration in Gwen Stefani and No Doubt, Avril Lavigne and Paramore – as well as Evanescence and Flyleaf}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Tonight Alive]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hingle |first1=James |title=TONIGHT ALIVE'S JENNA MCDOUGALL: THE 10 SONGS THAT CHANGED MY LIFE |url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/tonight-alives-jenna-mcdougall-the-10-songs-that-changed-my-life/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.kerrang.com/features/tonight-alives-jenna-mcdougall-the-10-songs-that-changed-my-life/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Kerrang! |date=August 9, 2019 |access-date=August 16, 2020 |quote=AVRIL LAVIGNE – SK8ER BOI (2002) "This song came out when I was 10, and I'd just started learning guitar at the time. I just wanted to be Avril so badly. I guess she wasn't really in a band, she was a solo artist, but this song was the first that made me want to pick up an electric guitar."}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cross |first1=Will |title=WHEN I WANTED TO CHALLENGE PEOPLE WITH MY IMAGE, IT WAS THROWN BACK IN MY FACE |url=https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/jenna-mcdougall-when-i-wanted-to-challenge-people-with-my-image-it-was-thro| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/jenna-mcdougall-when-i-wanted-to-challenge-people-with-my-image-it-was-thro| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Rock Sound |access-date=August 16, 2020 |quote="I frickin' love Avril, she was a huge idol for me, just going to throw that in there!"}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Willow Smith]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gonzales |first1=Erica |title=Willow Smith's Punk New Song Sent Me Straight Back to My Angst Era |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a36267564/willow-smith-transparentsoul-song-video/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a36267564/willow-smith-transparentsoul-song-video/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Harpers Bazaar |date=April 27, 2021 |access-date=April 28, 2021 |quote=She was influenced by the emo and rock acts she listened to growing up, like Avril Lavigne, My Chemical Romance, Paramore, and Fall Out Boy.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Amanda Palmer]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Palmer |first1=Amanda |title=Amanda Palmer's Official Facebook Page |url=https://www.facebook.com/amandapalmer/posts/10152190194498375| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.facebook.com/amandapalmer/posts/10152190194498375| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Facebook |access-date=August 16, 2020 |quote=nobody back then understood my obsession with avril's second record, the worlds perfect pop masterpiece of candy-coated teen angst, not even me.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Misono]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hickey |first1=David |title=About misono |url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/misono/133232821 |website=iTunes Apple |access-date=August 16, 2020 |quote=Citing the likes of Avril Lavigne, Krystal Meyers, the Offspring, and Linkin Park as influences, Misono has turned to a variety of musical collaborators.}}{{cbignore}} </ref> [[Rina Sawayama]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barreto |first1=Clyde |title=Rising Japanese London-based Artist Rina Sawayma Discusses Her Song Writing Influences |url=https://www.prefixmag.com/features/rising-japanese-london-based-artist-rina-sawayma-d/73431/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626230329/https://www.prefixmag.com/features/rising-japanese-london-based-artist-rina-sawayma-d/73431/| archive-date=June 26, 2020 |website=prefix |access-date=April 22, 2020 |date=2013 |quote=It actually all started with Avril Lavigne. I was 12 when I saw her on TV and begged my dad for a guitar. He caved, and I taught myself chords and begun writing that way. It was then that I actually started looking for music myself, and all my pocket money went into buying CDs.}}</ref> [[Hey Monday]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cantor |first1=Brian |title=Identity Issues Plague Cassadee Pope's "Frame by Frame," Album Review |url=https://headlineplanet.com/home/2013/10/08/cassadee-pope-frame-by-frame-review/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://headlineplanet.com/home/2013/10/08/cassadee-pope-frame-by-frame-review/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Headline Planet |date=October 8, 2013 |access-date=August 16, 2020 |quote=To a segment of pop-punk fans, Pope's shift represented an opportunistic abandonment of a genre she cherished enough to still call poster girl Avril Lavigne a key influence.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Grey (duo)|Grey]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Erica |title=AVRIL LAVIGNE MAKES RARE, ROLLICKING APPEARANCE ON GREY'S 'WINGS CLIPPED' |url=http://popcrush.com/avril-lavigne-grey-wings-clipped/ |website=PopCrush |date=September 29, 2017 |access-date=February 3, 2019 |quote="She asked if she could jump on it with Anthony and we agreed that it would be perfect! We grew up listening to Avril and Circa Survive so hearing the two of them on one of our songs is surreal to say the least." |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014703/http://popcrush.com/avril-lavigne-grey-wings-clipped/ |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ed Sheeran]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brit breakout Ed Sheeran dishes on upcoming hip-hop-influenced sophomore album – NEWS 1130|url=https://www.citynews1130.com/2013/06/14/brit-breakout-ed-sheeran-dishes-on-upcoming-hip-hop-influenced-sophomore-album/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.citynews1130.com/2013/06/14/brit-breakout-ed-sheeran-dishes-on-upcoming-hip-hop-influenced-sophomore-album/| archive-date=October 21, 2021|access-date=August 2, 2021|website=www.citynews1130.com|date=June 14, 2013 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Kailee Morgue]],<ref>{{cite news |title=. @morguemami 's unique sound was inspired by @AvrilLavigne , and I simply cannot get enough of her!! |url=https://twitter.com/MTV/status/1301565624741625856| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://twitter.com/MTV/status/1301565624741625856| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=September 5, 2020 |agency=MTV (Twitter)}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Charli XCX]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pelley |first1=Lauren |title=10 essential facts about Charli XCX |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2014/12/15/charli_xcx_10_essential_facts.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2014/12/15/charli_xcx_10_essential_facts.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Star |date=December 15, 2014 |access-date=September 5, 2020 |quote=It seems Charli XCX may have taken some of her punk cues from Ontario's own Avril Lavigne. "I used to want to be Avril. I used to wear the ties," Charli told Grantland in 2013.}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Rebecca |title=CharliXCX talks 90s school-girl beauty and going through the Avril Lavigne phase |url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/charlixcx-talks-90s-school-girl-beauty-and-going-through-the-avril-lavigne-phase| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/charlixcx-talks-90s-school-girl-beauty-and-going-through-the-avril-lavigne-phase| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Glamour |date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[MercyMe]],<ref>{{cite web |title=MercyMe |date=April 7, 2003 |url=https://www.pollstar.com/article/mercyme-50270| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.pollstar.com/article/mercyme-50270| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=February 24, 2021 |quote=Millard, who said the band's influences include U2, Dave Matthews Band, and Avril Lavigne, was openly amazed.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Palberta]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pearis |first1=Bill |title=Palberta tell us about the influences behind their new album |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/palberta-tell-us-about-the-pop-influences-behind-their-new-album-stream-it/ |website=Brooklyn Vegan |date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=20 December 2023 |quote=“Together” – Avril Lavigne: This song informed the vocal production of the record. Very crisp, clear, and at the forefront. You are able to hear all the lyrics very well, which is something that a lot of music is missing. |archive-date=December 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220121806/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/palberta-tell-us-about-the-pop-influences-behind-their-new-album-stream-it/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Yeule]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zhang |first1=Cat |title=Logging Off and Rocking Out With yeule, Pop's Internet Explorer |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/logging-off-and-rocking-out-with-yeule-pops-internet-explorer/ |website=Pitchfork |date=September 11, 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |quote=Logging Off and Rocking Out With yeule, Pop’s Internet Explorer |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110171738/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/logging-off-and-rocking-out-with-yeule-pops-internet-explorer/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jamieson |first1=Sarah |title=UNDER THE SKIN: YEULE |url=https://diymag.com/interview/yeule-album-softscars-september-2023 |website=DIY |date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |quote=We have so many references from the ‘90s and ‘00s, like Radiohead, My Chemical Romance… Honestly, Gerard Way changed my fucking life,” they enthuse giddily. “I was nine years old when I found ‘Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge’ and did not understand what that was all about until later on, but the emotional lyricism and the musical aspect of it punched me when I was a kid. “Then we were listening to a lot of Avril Lavigne, the stuff that we grew up on with our iPods. Like, ‘Oh we should totally do some Pixies shit, or Smashing Pumpkins!’ We were listening to all this music that’s very sentimental to us, because we’re ‘90s kids.” |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204120702/https://diymag.com/interview/yeule-album-softscars-september-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Raza-Sheik |first1=Zoya |title=Entering yeule's rockstar cyber dimension |url=https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/amplify/entering-yeules-rockstar-cyber-dimension/ |website=Gay Times |date=October 6, 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |quote=o capture this, the singer trawled through their old listening habits: Avril Lavigne, Smashing Pumpkins, and Hole. “I was listening to so much of what I enjoyed when I was a teenager because it made me feel that age again – that’s why I fucking vibed with you! I’m a big fan of Gerard Way. He is so pivotal to my life,” they say animatedly. “I don’t think I don’t think anyone realises how much I love My Chemical Romance or Avril Lavigne. C’mon, ‘Sulky Baby’ literally sounds like ‘Complicated’.” |archive-date=November 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110171739/https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/amplify/entering-yeules-rockstar-cyber-dimension/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ashnikko]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-54345411|title=Ashnikko: 'I don't take no for an answer'|agency=BBC|date=October 1, 2020}}</ref> [[Olivia Rodrigo]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mier |first1=Tomas |title=Olivia Rodrigo Fangirls Over Avril Lavigne as She Accepts Songwriter Award: 'So Surreal |url=https://people.com/music/olivia-rodrigo-fangirls-over-avril-lavigne-songwriter-award/ |website=People |access-date=January 27, 2022 |quote=Rodrigo admitted she was a huge fan of the "Sk8er Boy" singer, 37. |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127190517/https://people.com/music/olivia-rodrigo-fangirls-over-avril-lavigne-songwriter-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Connel |first1=Charlie |title=Avril |url=https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/avril-lavigne |website=Inked |date=January 24, 2022 |access-date=January 27, 2022 |quote=Now there is a new generation of female artists, Olivia Rodrigo perhaps being the most notable, who have been greatly influenced by Lavigne's music |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222222140/https://www.inkedmag.com/original-news/avril-lavigne |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Kirstin Maldonado]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Salud |first1=April |title=Pentatonix's Kirstin Maldonado Adds P!nk, Avril Lavigne & Gwen Stefani to Her 2000s Pop Punk Playlist |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/pentatonix-kirstin-maldonado-pop-punk-playlist-video-7998448/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=November 2, 2017 |date=October 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018154735/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7998448/pentatonix-kirstin-maldonado-pop-punk-playlist-video |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amy Studt]] was hailed as "the U.K.'s answer" to Avril Lavigne.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Brien |first1=Jon |title=Amy Studt |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/amy-studt-mn0000021053/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=April 17, 2017 |quote=Amy Studt was hailed as the U.K.'s answer to Avril Lavigne. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417155824/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/amy-studt-mn0000021053/biography |archive-date=April 17, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Lavigne influenced [[indie rock]] singer-songwriters such as [[Pale Waves]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cyclone |title=Making Waves With Heather Baron-Gracie |url=https://themusic.com.au/features/pale-waves-heather-baron-gracie-cyclone/xJnX1tnY29o/06-07-18/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://themusic.com.au/features/pale-waves-heather-baron-gracie-cyclone/xJnX1tnY29o/06-07-18/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Music |access-date=November 13, 2020 |quote=Pale Waves often cite inspirations such as The Cure (for whom they're opening in London this July), Prince and Madonna. There are also guilty pleasures. "I love Avril Lavigne!" Baron-Gracie geeks}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Phoenix |first1=Stormy |title=Album Review: All The Things I Never Said by Pale Waves |url=https://www.kalx.berkeley.edu/news/album-review-all-things-i-never-said-pale-waves| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.kalx.berkeley.edu/news/album-review-all-things-i-never-said-pale-waves| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |quote=Heavily influenced by The Cure, The Cranberries, Cocteau Twins, and Avril Lavigne, Pale Waves are the next goth pop band}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Caminiti |first1=Kasey |title=Pale Waves Are Gothic Gems |newspaper=Dujour |date=May 15, 2018 |url=https://dujour.com/culture/pale-waves-interview-new-song-release-kiss/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://dujour.com/culture/pale-waves-interview-new-song-release-kiss/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |quote=Drawing inspiration from 80s punk bands like The Cure and stylistic aspirations from early punk rock princess Avril Lavigne, Pale Waves are creating their own musical identity}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Graace]],<ref>{{cite web |title=GRAACE covers Avril Lavigne for Like A Version |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/like-a-version/graace-covers-avril-lavigne-for-like-a-version/11464424| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/like-a-version/graace-covers-avril-lavigne-for-like-a-version/11464424| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=ABC Au |date=August 30, 2019 |access-date=September 5, 2020 |quote="I wanted to embody a bit of Avril," she says in her ripped jeans. "I definitely went through a bit of an emo stage [when I was younger]."}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Phoebe Bridgers]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brodsky |first1=Rachel |title=Album reviews: Pale Waves – Who am I? and Django Django – Glowing in the Dark |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/pale-waves-review-who-am-i-django-django-album-b1800841.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/pale-waves-review-who-am-i-django-django-album-b1800841.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Independent |date=February 12, 2021 |access-date=February 24, 2021 |quote=Today, a new crop of indie performers cite Lavigne – and her brassy brand of MTV-friendly pop suffused with snarling rage against the machine – as a major influence: Soccer Mommy, Snail Mail, Phoebe Bridgers...}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Williams |first1=Nick |title=Listen To Phoebe Bridgers' #TBT Mixtape, An 'Honest Portrayal' Of Her Early 2000-Era iPod Shuffle |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/8094955/listen-phoebe-bridgers-tbt-mixtape-playlist| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/8094955/listen-phoebe-bridgers-tbt-mixtape-playlist| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=September 5, 2020 |quote=And I probably wouldn't have made it to Elliott Smith without Avril Lavigne.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Soccer Mommy]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last1= Havens |first1= Lindsey |title= Not So 'Complicated': How Avril Lavigne Became an Unlikely Inspiration To Indie Rock's New Wave |url= https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/avril-lavigne-unlikely-inspiration-indie-rock-soccer-mommy-snail-mail-8301763/ |magazine= Billboard |access-date= August 11, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021906/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8301763/avril-lavigne-unlikely-inspiration-indie-rock-soccer-mommy-snail-mail |archive-date= August 12, 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> [[Ethel Cain]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Now Hear This: Interview With Ethel Cain |url=https://morbidlybeautiful.com/interview-with-ethel-cain/ |website=Morbidly Beautiful |date=February 24, 2021 |access-date=14 October 2024 |quote="Golden Age really had people shoehorning me into the sad-girl shtick, however, and I was like “uh, I don’t wanna be sad girl, I wanna be mad girl”, so for Inbred I wanted to channel more aggression and dominance into the soundscape. I was listening to old Avril Lavigne..."}}</ref> [[Snail Mail (musician)|Snail Mail]], and [[Liz Phair]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kot |first1=Greg |title=Liz Phair complicates her sound by going pop: Singer imitates those who imitated her |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2003/06/22/liz-phair-complicates-her-sound-by-going-pop/ |access-date=April 17, 2017 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=June 22, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807151914/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-06-22/news/0306220364_1_liz-phair-avril-lavigne-courtney-love |archive-date=August 7, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[Nylon (magazine)|Nylon]]'' magazine said she influenced musicians in the mid-to-late 2010s rise of [[emo hip hop]] and [[emo rap]], including [[Lil Uzi Vert]], [[Princess Nokia]], [[Lloyd Banks]], [[Vic Mensa]], [[Nipsey Hussle]], [[Noname (rapper)|Noname]], and [[Rico Nasty]]. American rapper [[Fat Tony (rapper)|Fat Tony]] said she influenced hip hop and rap music because "she delivered a great visual catchy package [punk music, pop music and skater culture] that describes all of them." Rico Nasty named one of her alter egos, Trap Lavigne, saying "She is a perfect representation of being hard and soft [...] she hated the term punk, but she was so punk rock".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Herwees |first1=Tasbeeh |title=Exploring Avril Lavigne's Strange, Enduring Influence On Hip-Hop |url=https://nylon.com/articles/avril-lavigne-hip-hop-rap-influence |website=Nylon |access-date=August 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812025349/https://nylon.com/articles/avril-lavigne-hip-hop-rap-influence |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A persistent [[internet meme]] about a Lavigne-written song called "Dolphins" has been showing up on various lyric sites since 2007, but she did not write or record this song. The lyrics appear on dozens of lyric sites and various bands have recorded cover versions of the song that was never recorded by Lavigne.<ref>{{cite news |last=As It Happens |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.3420383/avril-lavigne-and-dolphins-the-internet-conspiracy-you-ve-been-waiting-for-1.3422283| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.3420383/avril-lavigne-and-dolphins-the-internet-conspiracy-you-ve-been-waiting-for-1.3422283| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title=Avril Lavigne and dolphins: the internet conspiracy you've been waiting for |work=[[CBC Radio]] |date=January 27, 2021 |access-date=January 29, 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Dunn |first=Thom |url=https://boingboing.net/2021/01/24/the-bizarre-internet-mystery-of-an-avril-lavigne-song-that-doesnt-exist.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://boingboing.net/2021/01/24/the-bizarre-internet-mystery-of-an-avril-lavigne-song-that-doesnt-exist.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title=The bizarre internet mystery of an Avril Lavigne song that doesn't exist |work=[[Boing Boing]] |date=January 24, 2021 |access-date=January 29, 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Lavigne’s early pop-punk image influenced portrayals of teenage rebellion in early-2000s popular culture. [[Lindsay Lohan]] stated that her portrayal of Anna Coleman in the 2003 film [[Freaky Friday (2003 film)| Freaky Friday]] was inspired by Lavigne’s style, attitude, and skate-punk aesthetic.<ref>{{Cite Instagram |user=mtv |postid=DNMaj6mxfJ_ |date=2025 |title=Lindsay Lohan says Avril Lavigne inspired her Freaky Friday character |access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lindsay Lohan went through Avril Lavigne phase while shooting Freaky Friday |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lindsay-lohan-going-avril-lavigne-083130079.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFtzvrPu4bMNfnRH6nCj6hLi1ACf4MkL4Gc6nNoKAhZ1gPQ-lA2MMdKaU4Ce237cnVUIkKYLRPfX6ViRiyJBP4qaPR21pg5oBNxxj9WDVMTmYGWPSqmDeUOkgxlmVX5h7OER0xiuQ8_J0iOIBu0HQplArl-oW-Tx05hbwxc-FP0B |work=Yahoo News |date=9 June 2023}}</ref> In mid-2007, Lavigne was featured in a two-volume [[graphic novel]], ''Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes''. She collaborated with artist [[Camilla d'Errico]] and writer [[Joshua Dysart]] on the manga, which was about a shy girl named Hana who, upon meeting her hero, Lavigne, learned to overcome her fears. Lavigne said, "I know that many of my fans read manga, and I'm really excited to be involved in creating stories that I know they will enjoy." The first volume was released in April 2007, and the second followed in July 2007. The publication ''[[Young Adult Library Services]]'' nominated the series for "Great Graphic Novels for Teens".{{r|randomhouse}}

==Achievements==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Avril Lavigne}}
In 2003, Lavigne won an International Achievement Award for the song "Complicated" at the [[SOCAN]] Awards in Toronto.<ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://www.socan.ca/about/awards/2003-socan-awards |title=2003 Socan Awards | Socan |access-date=August 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012172023/http://www.socan.ca/about/awards/2003-socan-awards |archive-date=October 12, 2016 }}</ref> Lavigne received eight [[Grammy Award]]s nominations in two years, including Best New Artist. She has also received three [[American Music Awards]] nominations, one [[Brit Award]] nomination, and one [[MTV Video Music Award]]. Lavigne had sold more than 30 million singles and 40 million copies of her albums worldwide,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-release-date-new-album-lyme-disease-diagnosis-a8681181.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/avril-lavigne-head-above-water-release-date-new-album-lyme-disease-diagnosis-a8681181.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title=Avril Lavigne new album Head Above Water gets release date – her first record since Lyme disease diagnosis |last=Shepherd |first=Jack |work=The Independent}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cp24.com/avril-lavigne-releases-what-the-hell-lead-single-off-album-goodbye-lullaby-1.594745| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.cp24.com/avril-lavigne-releases-what-the-hell-lead-single-off-album-goodbye-lullaby-1.594745| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title=Avril Lavigne releases 'What the Hell,' lead single off album, 'Goodbye Lullaby'|author=The Canadian Press |work=[[CP24]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> including over 12.4 million album copies in the US according to ''Billboard''.<ref name="ask billboard15">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/ask-billboard-avril-lavignes-best-selling-songs-albums/ |last=Trust |first=Gary |title=Ask Billboard: Avril Lavigne's Best-Selling Songs & Albums |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=September 6, 2015 |access-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908221435/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6685941/ask-billboard-avril-lavignes-best-selling-songs-albums |archive-date=September 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, ''Billboard'' named Lavigne the number 10 pop artist in the "Best of the 2000s" chart.{{r|billboardbest2000}} She was listed as the 28th overall best act of the decade based on album and single chart performance in the US.{{r|billboarddecade}}<ref name="Archived copy" /> The magazine later ranked her at number 19 on its 2025 "Top Women Artists of the 21st Century" list.<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Trevor |last1=Anderson |first2=Jim |last2=Asker |first3=Pamela |last3=Bustios |first4=Keith |last4=Caulfield |first5=Eric |last5=Frankenberg |first6=Kevin |last6=Rutherford |first7=Gary |last7=Trust |first8=Xander |last8=Zellner |title=Billboard's Top 100 Women Artists of the 21st Century Chart, Nos. 100-1 |magazine=Billboard |url= https://www.billboard.com/lists/top-women-artists-21st-century-chart/ |date=March 19, 2025 |access-date=March 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319183615/https://www.billboard.com/lists/top-women-artists-21st-century-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-date=March 19, 2025}}</ref>

Lavigne achieved a [[Guinness World Record]] as being the youngest female solo artist to top the UK album chart, on January 11, 2003, at the age of 18 years and 106 days. The album ''Let Go'' reached number one in its 18th chart week.<ref>{{cite web |last1=C |first1=Jeff |title=Avril Lavigne in Guinness Book of World Records 2004 |url=http://popdirt.com/avril-lavigne-in-guinness-book-of-world-records-2004/23999/ |website=Pop Dirt |access-date=March 31, 2017 |year=2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331211903/http://popdirt.com/avril-lavigne-in-guinness-book-of-world-records-2004/23999/ |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> She held the record until 2004, as the UK charts reported that [[Joss Stone]]'s ''[[Mind Body & Soul]]'' took it the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/billie-eilish-becomes-the-youngest-ever-female-solo-act-to-top-the-official-albums-chart-thank-you-for-the-love-__25987/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/billie-eilish-becomes-the-youngest-ever-female-solo-act-to-top-the-official-albums-chart-thank-you-for-the-love-__25987/| archive-date=October 21, 2021|title=Billie Eilish becomes the youngest ever female solo act to top the Official Albums Chart: 'Thank you for the love!'|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=April 5, 2019|access-date=April 6, 2019|last=Copsey|first=Rob}}{{cbignore}}</ref> She also was the first to reach 100 million views on a YouTube video, with her 2007 single "Girlfriend".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jarboe |first1=Greg |title=YouTube and Video Marketing: An Hour a Day |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-45969-0 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09kzFe5roMUC&q=avril+lavigne+record+youtube&pg=PA35 |access-date=March 31, 2017}}</ref> Lavigne was the first western artist to do a full tour in China, with [[The Best Damn Tour]] in 2008, and is considered the biggest western artist in Asia, especially in Japan, where her first three albums have sold more than 1 million copies (being the only female Western Artist since the 2000s to achieve this).<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne's Achievements |url=https://www.wattpad.com/262122561-avril-lavigne-updates-avril-lavigne%27s-achievements| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.wattpad.com/262122561-avril-lavigne-updates-avril-lavigne%27s-achievements| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |publisher=wattpad |access-date=April 10, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Lavigne is the only artist to have performed at three different [[multi-sport events]]: two closing ceremonies of the [[Winter Olympic Games]] ([[Torino 2006]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne – Who Knows @ Turin Olympics 2006 | date=August 24, 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGN8Ec0OSsU |publisher=YouTube |access-date=April 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811003038/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGN8Ec0OSsU |archive-date=August 11, 2017 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Vancouver 2010]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne – My Happy Ending & Girlfriend (Winter Olympics Games – Vancouver 2010) | date=May 29, 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqdlJrPAPs4 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=April 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220100029/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqdlJrPAPs4 |archive-date=December 20, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>) and the opening ceremony of the [[2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne – Fly (live on Special Olympics 2015) | date=July 26, 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQw6v4V6G1w |publisher=YouTube |access-date=April 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/NQw6v4V6G1w?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQw6v4V6G1w |archive-date=September 15, 2021|url-status=live }}{{cbignore}}</ref> In June 2024, she was conferred with the [[Order of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/order-canada-appointees-june-2024|title=Order of Canada Appointees – June 2024|website=gg.ca|publisher=The Rideau Hall Press Office|date=June 21, 2024|access-date=June 29, 2024}}</ref>

==Other activities==
===Acting career===
Lavigne became interested in appearing on television and in feature films. The decision, she said, was her own. Although her years of experience in making music videos was to her advantage, Lavigne admitted her experience in singing removed any fear of performing on camera. She specifically mentioned that the video "Nobody's Home" involved the most "acting".{{r|girlauinterview}} Her first television appearance was in a 2002 episode of ''[[Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]'',{{r|sabrinateenagewitch}} performing "Sk8er Boi"{{r|mtvsabrinanov}} with her band in a nightclub.{{r|mtvsabrinaaug}} She later made a cameo appearance in the 2004 film ''[[Going the Distance (2004 film)|Going the Distance]]''. The main characters bump into her backstage at the [[MuchMusic Video Awards]]{{r|canoedistance}} after her performance of "Losing Grip".{{r|goingthedistance}}

She moved into feature film acting cautiously, deliberately choosing small roles to begin with. In November 2005, after going through an audition to land the role, Lavigne travelled to [[New Mexico]]{{r|mtvflock}} to film a single scene in the 2007 film, ''[[The Flock (film)|The Flock]]''.{{r|digitalspyflock}} She played Beatrice Bell, the girlfriend of a crime suspect, appearing alongside [[Claire Danes]] and [[Richard Gere]]. Gere gave Lavigne acting tips between takes.{{r|digitalspyflock}} On her role in ''The Flock'', Lavigne said, "I did that just to see how it was and to not jump into [mainstream acting] too fast."{{r|girlauinterview}} ''The Flock'' was not released in American theatres, and because it was not released in foreign markets until late 2007, it is not considered Lavigne's debut. The film made $7 million in the foreign box office.{{r|mojoflock}}

[[File:Avrilgfdl.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Lavigne at the [[2006 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
Lavigne's feature film debut was voicing an animated character in the 2006 film ''[[Over the Hedge]]'', based on the [[Over the Hedge|comic strip of the same name]]. She voiced the character Heather, a [[Virginia opossum]]. Lavigne found the recording process to be "easy" and "natural", but she kept hitting the microphone as she gestured while acting. "I'd use my hands constantly and, like, hit the microphone stand and make noises, so [director] [[Tim Johnson (film director)|Tim]] and [screenwriter] [[Karey Kirkpatrick|Karey]] had to tell me to hold still.... It's hard to be running or falling down the stairs and have to make those sounds come out of your mouth but keep your body still." Lavigne believed she was hired to perform Heather because of her rock-star status. "[The director] thought I'd give my character... a bit of attitude".{{r|girlauinterview}} The film opened on May 19, 2006, making $38 million over its opening weekend. It went on to gross $336 million worldwide.{{r|mojohedge}}

In December 2005, Lavigne signed to appear in ''[[Fast Food Nation (film)|Fast Food Nation]]'', based on the book ''[[Fast Food Nation]]: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal''.{{r|contactmusicfastfood}} The fictionalized adaptation, directed by [[Richard Linklater]], traces fast-food hamburgers contaminated with cow feces back to the slaughterhouses.{{r|washingtonpostfastfood}} Lavigne played Alice, a high school student intent on freeing the cows.{{r|msnbcfastfood}}{{r|nytimesfastfood}} The film opened on November 17, 2006, and remained in theatres for 11 weeks, grossing $2 million worldwide.{{r|mojofastfood}}

Both ''Over the Hedge'' and ''Fast Food Nation'' opened at the 2006 [[Cannes Film Festival]], which Lavigne attended. When asked if she would pursue her film career, she stated that she wanted to take her time and wait for the "right parts and the right movies." Lavigne was deliberate in the roles she had chosen, saying "I wanted to start off small and to learn. I wouldn't just want to throw myself into a big part."{{r|girlauinterview}} In August 2006, ''[[Canadian Business]]'' magazine ranked her as the seventh top Canadian actor in Hollywood in their second annual Celebrity Power List ranking. The results were determined by comparing salary, Internet hits, TV mentions, and press hits.{{r|canadianbusiness}} In September 2011, Lavigne appeared on the [[Hub Network]]'s televised singing competition ''[[Majors & Minors]]'' as a guest mentor alongside other singers, including [[Adam Lambert]] and [[Leona Lewis]].{{r|abbeyhuffington}}

===Products and endorsements===

{{Quote box|width=30em|align=right|quote=After the release of my first album, I realized how much fashion was involved in my musical career.|source = — Lavigne on fashion and music{{r|abbeyhuffington}}}}

In July 2008, Lavigne launched the clothing line Abbey Dawn, featuring a back-to-school collection. It is produced by [[Kohl's]], which is the brand's exclusive US retailer. Named after Lavigne's childhood nickname, Abbey Dawn is designed by Lavigne herself.{{r|warechok|venaabbey}} Kohl's describes Abbey Dawn as a "juniors lifestyle brand",{{r|kohls}} which incorporates skull, zebra, and star patterns, purples and "hot pinks and blacks". Lavigne, who wore some of the clothes and jewellery from her line at various concerts before its official launch, pointed out that she was not merely licensing her name to the collection. "I actually am the designer. What's really important to me is that everything fits well and is well-made, so I try everything on and approve it all."{{r|usatodaybarker}} The designs were also featured on the Internet game ''[[Stardoll]]'', where figures can be dressed up as Lavigne.{{r|nprmouse}}

{{Quote box|width=30em|align=right|quote=It's fun to be a chick and design clothes and things I'd like for myself. I design things I [can't] find. |source = — Lavigne on designing clothes{{r|inked2010}}}}

On September 14, 2009, Lavigne took the then latest collection of her clothing line to be a part of [[New York Fashion Week]],{{r|newyorkabbey}} returning in 2011.{{r|abbeyhuffington}} In December 2010, the clothing line was made available to over 50 countries through the line's official website.{{r|artistdirectrelease}}

Lavigne released her first fragrance, Black Star, created by [[Procter & Gamble]] Prestige Products. The fragrance was announced on Lavigne's official website on March 7, 2009. Black Star, which features notes of pink hibiscus, black plum and dark chocolate, was released in summer 2009 in Europe, and later in the US and Canada.{{r|basenotes}} When asked what the name meant, Lavigne replied, "I wanted [the bottle] to be a star, and my colours are pink and black, and Black Star resembles being different, and standing out in the crowd, and reaching for the stars; the whole message is just about following your dreams, and it's okay to be unique and be who you are."{{r|seacrestinterview6may}} Black Star won the 2010 Best "Women's Scent Mass" by Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW).{{r|cewblackstar}} Black Star was followed by a second fragrance in July 2010, ''Forbidden Rose'', which took two years to develop.{{r|2dayfm}} It features notes of red apple, winepeach, black pepper, lotusflower, heliotrope, shellflower, praline agreement, sandalwood, and vanilla.{{r|independentrose}} Its message is an extension of Black Star's "follow your dreams",{{r|perfumeblog}} though the tagline for the new perfume is "Dare to Discover".{{r|rosecommercial}} The commercial takes place in a [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] garden setting,{{r|perfumeblog}} where Lavigne, upon entering the garden, finds a single, purple rose.{{r|rosecommercial}} Lavigne launched a third fragrance, Wild Rose, in August 2011 and filmed the commercial for it in late 2010. The tagline for the fragrance is "Dare to discover more".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/872-avril-lavigne-launches-wild-rose| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/http://www.basenotes.net/perfumenews/872-avril-lavigne-launches-wild-rose| archive-date=October 21, 2021 | title=Avril Lavigne launches Wild Rose | first=Grant | last=Osborne | work=[[Basenotes]] | date=September 28, 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It features notes of mandarin, pink grapefruit, plum, orange blossom, frangipani, blue orchid, musk, sandalwood and crème brûlée.{{r|fragrantica}}

In January 2010, Lavigne began working with Disney to incorporate ''Alice in Wonderland''-inspired designs into her Abbey Dawn line of clothing.{{r|seacrestinterview26}} Her designs were exhibited at the [[Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising]] in California beginning in May through September, alongside [[Colleen Atwood]]'s costumes from the 2010 film.{{r|ladowntownalice}}

===Philanthropy===
[[File:Avril Lavigne playing guitar, St. Petersburg (crop).jpg|thumb|upright|Lavigne performing in 2011]]
Lavigne has been involved with many charities, including [[Make Some Noise (campaign)|Make Some Noise, Amnesty International]], Erase MS, AmericanCPR.org, [[Special Olympics]], Camp Will-a-Way, Music Clearing Minefields, [[US Campaign for Burma]], [[Make-A-Wish Foundation]] and [[War Child (charity)|War Child]]. She has also appeared in [[Aldo Group|ALDO]] ads with YouthAIDS to raise money to educate people worldwide about HIV/AIDS. Lavigne took part in the Unite Against AIDS concert presented by ALDO in support of UNICEF on November 28, 2007, at the [[Bell Centre]] in Montréal, Québec, Canada.{{r|gazettedunlevy}} In November 2010, Lavigne attended the [[Clinton Global Initiative]].{{r|celebphil}}

Lavigne worked with [[Reverb (non-profit)|Reverb]], a non-profit environmental organization, for her 2005 east coast tour.{{r|concordiensis}} She covered "[[Knockin' on Heaven's Door]]" for War Child's ''Peace Songs'' compilation, and she recorded a cover of the [[John Lennon]] song "[[Imagine (John Lennon song)|Imagine]]" as her contribution to the compilation album ''[[Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur]]''. Released on June 12, 2007, the album was produced to benefit [[Amnesty International]]'s campaign to alleviate the [[Darfur conflict|crisis in Darfur]].{{r|amnestydarfur}}

On December 5, 2009, Lavigne returned to the stage in [[Mexico City]] during the biggest charity event in Latin America, "[[Teletón (Mexico)|Teleton]]". She performed acoustic versions of her hits "Complicated" and "Girlfriend" with Evan Taubenfeld and band member, [[Jim McGorman]].{{r|siglotorreon}} In 2010, Lavigne was one of [[Young Artists for Haiti|several artists]] who contributed their voices to a cover of [[K'naan]]'s "Wavin' Flag" as a benefit single to help raise money for several charity organizations related to the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]].{{r|celebri}}

On September 14, 2010, Lavigne introduced her charity, "The Avril Lavigne Foundation", which aims to help young people with serious illnesses and disabilities{{r|celebphil|musicmixqa}} and works with leading charitable organizations.{{r|artistdirectrelease}} The foundation partners with the [[Easter Seals (U.S.)|Easter Seals]], Make-A-Wish foundation and Erase MS.{{r|partners}} Her work with the Make-A-Wish foundation was the inspiration behind her own charity, with Lavigne stating, "I just really wanted to do more."{{r|musicmixqa}} Lavigne said on the foundation's website, "I have always looked for ways to give back because I think it's a responsibility we all share."{{r|foundation}} Philanthropist [[Trevor Neilson]]'s 12-person firm, [[Global Philanthropy Group]], advises Lavigne with her foundation as well as several other celebrities, including musician [[John Legend]].{{r|celebphil}}

In September 2014, she launched a personal fundraising campaign for the [[Special Olympics]] as part of her birthday celebration. Proceeds from her "Team Rockstar" event helped sponsor athletes from around the world competing in the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/users/WUhW2ZGM/blogs/5994321 |title=Birthday Campaign!: The Avril Lavigne Foundation |publisher=theavrillavignefoundation.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106220216/http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/users/WUhW2ZGM/blogs/5994321 |archive-date=January 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.specialolympics.org/Stories/General/Avril_Lavigne_Fundraiser_Supports_Special_Olympics.aspx |title=Special Olympics: Avril Lavigne Fundraiser Supports Special Olympics |publisher=specialolympics.org |access-date=December 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106213527/http://www.specialolympics.org/Stories/General/Avril_Lavigne_Fundraiser_Supports_Special_Olympics.aspx |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The athletes were the stars of the music video for "Fly", which was shot in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abilitymagazine.com/avril-lavigne.html |title=Avril Lavigne – Fly High with Special Olympics |date=June 1, 2015 |publisher=ABILITYMagazine.com |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901121348/http://www.abilitymagazine.com/avril-lavigne.html |archive-date=September 1, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2020, Lavigne announced a special livestream concert to raise awareness and funds in the fight against Lyme disease called the #FightLyme concert. The concert took place on October 25, with proceeds from all tickets and merchandise going to the Global Lyme Alliance, a [[chronic Lyme disease]] advocacy group,<ref name="lyme_Scie">{{Cite web |title=Scientific Consensus {{!}} LymeScience |work=LymeScience |access-date=April 22, 2021 |url= https://lymescience.org/scientific-consensus/| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://lymescience.org/scientific-consensus/| archive-date=October 21, 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> and her charity, the Avril Lavigne Foundation.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fishburn|first=Alison|date=February 11, 2020|title=Avril Lavigne announces Lyme disease benefit concert, will donate proceeds from tickets to charity|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/avril-lavigne-announces-lyme-disease-benefit-concert-will-donate-proceeds-from-tickets-to-charity/articleshow/78253187.cms?from=mdr|work=The Economic Times|access-date=November 15, 2020|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415211156/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/avril-lavigne-announces-lyme-disease-benefit-concert-will-donate-proceeds-from-tickets-to-charity/articleshow/78253187.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thec_What">{{Cite web |title=What Happens When Lyme Disease Becomes an Identity? |last=Fischer |first=Molly |work=The Cut |date= July 24, 2019|access-date=April 22, 2021 |url= https://www.thecut.com/2019/07/what-happens-when-lyme-disease-becomes-an-identity.html| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.thecut.com/2019/07/what-happens-when-lyme-disease-becomes-an-identity.html| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |quote=chronic }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Politics===
After winning her fourth Juno Award in April 2003, in reference to the [[Iraq War]], Lavigne said, "I don't believe war is a way to solve problems. I think it's wrong .... I don't have that much respect for [U.S. President George] [[George W. Bush|Bush]]." She also said that she was "really proud" of then [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[Jean Chrétien]] for keeping Canada out of the war.<ref>{{cite news |date= April 9, 2003 |title= Lavigne 'proud' Chrétien kept Canada from war |url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/lavigne-proud-chretien-kept-canada-from-war/article1013187/ |work= The Globe and Mail |location= Ottawa |access-date= December 9, 2021 |archive-date= December 9, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211209162058/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/lavigne-proud-chretien-kept-canada-from-war/article1013187/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Tattoos===
{{Quote box|width=30em|align=right
|quote=Everything is always spur-of-the-moment. All of my tattoos, I decide that second and do it.|source = — Lavigne on her tattoos{{r|inked2010}}}}

[[File:Avril Lavigne leaning, St. Petersburg (crop).jpg|thumb|Lavigne's XXV and star tattoos on her right forearm, and 30, lightning bolt, and star tattoos on her left wrist]]
As well as having some unique designs, most of Lavigne's tattoos match those of her friends.{{r|inked2010}} Lavigne had a star tattooed on the inside of her left wrist that was created at the same time as friend and musical associate [[Ben Moody]]'s identical tattoo.{{r|mtvaction}} In late 2004, she had a small pink heart around the letter "D" applied to her right wrist, which represented her then-boyfriend, Deryck Whibley.{{r|inked2010|ferguson2007}} Lavigne and then-husband Whibley got matching tattoos in March 2010, in celebration of his 30th birthday.{{r|inked2010}} In April 2010, Lavigne added another tattoo on her wrist, that of a lightning bolt and the number 30.{{r|dose}}

Her love of tattoos, however, gained media attention in May 2010, after Lavigne and [[Brody Jenner]] each got matching tattoos of the word "[[fuck]]" on their ribs.{{r|radaronlinetattoo|usweeklytattoo}} Lavigne appeared in the June/July cover story for [[Inked (magazine)|''Inked'' magazine]], where she discussed and showed off her tattoos, including an "Abbey Dawn" on her left forearm and an "XXV" and star on her right. Although she confirmed the "fuck" tattoo verbally in the article, she had it applied after the magazine's photo shoot.{{r|inkedblog}} She added that she eventually wanted to get a "big-ass heart with a flag through it with a name ... I'm going to wait a few years and make sure I still want it then. I have to wait for that special someone to come back into my life."{{r|inked2010}} In July 2010, Lavigne had her then-boyfriend's name, "Brody", tattooed beneath her right breast.{{r|mtvbrodytattoo}} In 2018, Lavigne got a traditional heart shaped tattoo with then boyfriend JaKeb Allen Munn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelist.com/397389/heres-what-avril-lavignes-tattoos-really-mean/|title=Here's What Avril Lavigne's Tattoos Really Mean|website=The list|date=April 30, 2021|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=November 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121224710/https://www.thelist.com/397389/heres-what-avril-lavignes-tattoos-really-mean/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===French citizenship===
Lavigne's father was born in France, and through {{lang|la|[[jus sanguinis]]}}, she applied for a French passport, which she received in February 2011.<ref name="Lavigne">{{cite web |last=Lavigne |first=Avril |title=Interview on NRJ Radio |url=http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&autoplay=1 |date=February 9, 2011 |quote=I love France, in fact my father was born here, so I have applied for my French passport. I love this country so much that I am getting a French passport. |access-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905192626/https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&autoplay=1 |archive-date=September 5, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="French Citizen">{{cite news |url=http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/201110/22/01-4459859-avril-lavigne-francophone-dans-lame.php |title=Avril Lavigne: francophone dans l'âme |work=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]] |first=Stéphanie |last=Vallet |date=October 22, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001021919/http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/201110/22/01-4459859-avril-lavigne-francophone-dans-lame.php |archive-date=October 1, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2012, Lavigne sold her house in [[Bel Air, Los Angeles|Bel-Air]] (on the market since May 2011),{{r|realtorbelair}} and moved to Paris to study the French language. She rented an apartment and attended a [[Berlitz Corporation|Berlitz]] school.{{r|wennfrance|malach}}

===Relationships===
Lavigne and [[Sum 41]] lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist [[Deryck Whibley]] began dating when Lavigne was 19 years old, after being friends since she was 17.{{r|okmetcalfe}} In June 2005, Whibley proposed to her.{{r|askmen}} The couple married on July 15, 2006, in [[Montecito, California]]. On October 9, 2009, Lavigne filed for divorce,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos from Looking Back on Avril Lavigne's Relationship History |url=https://www.eonline.com/photos/34476/looking-back-on-avril-lavignes-complicated-relationship-history |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=E! Online |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311200002/https://www.eonline.com/photos/34476/looking-back-on-avril-lavignes-complicated-relationship-history |url-status=live }}</ref> citing "irreconcilable differences" as the reason.<ref>{{Cite magazine |agency=Associated Press |date=2010-11-18 |title=Avril Lavigne and Deryck Whibley Finalize Divorce |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-and-deryck-whibley-finalize-divorce-950653/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044406/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/avril-lavigne-and-deryck-whibley-finalize-divorce-950653/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lavigne stated, "I am grateful for our time together, and I am grateful and blessed for our remaining friendship."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Avril and Deryck Called It Quits |url=https://people.com/celebrity/why-avril-and-deryck-called-it-quits/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Peoplemag |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311200002/https://people.com/celebrity/why-avril-and-deryck-called-it-quits/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The divorce was finalized on November 16, 2010.{{r|divorce}}

From February 2010 to January 2012, she was dating ''[[The Hills (TV series)|The Hills]]'' star [[Brody Jenner]].<ref name="mtv.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2386278/brody-jenner-relationship-timeline/ |title=Brody Jenner's Single Again! A Look Back at His Laundry List of Lovahs |website=[[MTV]] |access-date=April 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411054958/http://www.mtv.com/news/2386278/brody-jenner-relationship-timeline/ |archive-date=April 11, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Lavigne began dating fellow Canadian musician [[Chad Kroeger]], frontman of the band [[Nickelback]], in July 2012.{{r|huffpostkroegerwedding|seacrestpart2wedding|huffposttattoo}} The relationship blossomed after they began working together in March 2012 to write and record music for Lavigne's fifth album.{{r|seacrestpart2wedding|laudadio}}<ref name="People2013">{{cite web |last1=Ehrich Dowd |first1=Kathy |last2=Silverman |first2=Stephen M. |date=July 2, 2013 |title=Avril Lavigne and Chad Kroeger Are Now Married (Really) |url=https://people.com/celebrity/avril-lavigne-chad-kroeger-wed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705031311/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20713633,00.html |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |access-date=July 2, 2013 |work=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Lavigne and Kroeger became engaged in August 2012, after one month of dating.{{r|laudadio|huffpostkroegerwedding}} The couple married at the [[Château de la Napoule]], a reconstructed medieval castle on the Mediterranean in the South of France, on July 1, 2013, after a year of being together.<ref name="People2013" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-avril-lavigne-married-chad-kroeger-20130702-story.html |title=Avril Lavigne, Chad Kroeger marry goth-style in south of France |first=Christie |last=DZurilla |date=July 2, 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317075000/http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jul/02/entertainment/la-et-mg-avril-lavigne-married-chad-kroeger-20130702 |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On September 2, 2015, Lavigne announced her separation from Kroeger via her official [[Instagram]] account,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avril Lavigne on Instagram: "It is with heavy heart that Chad and I announce our separation today. Through not only the marriage, but the music as well, we've created…" |url=https://instagram.com/p/7I5TTpo4M0/ |website=Instagram |access-date=September 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016223609/https://instagram.com/p/7I5TTpo4M0/ |archive-date=October 16, 2015 }}</ref> and they later divorced.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Nelson |first=Jeff |date=February 14, 2019 |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |title=Avril Lavigne Reveals She's Still 'Super Close' with Ex-Husband Chad Kroeger: 'He's in My Corner' |url=https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-still-super-close-chad-kroeger-after-divorce/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325123520/https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-still-super-close-chad-kroeger-after-divorce/ |archive-date=March 25, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 2018 to 2019, Lavigne dated billionaire heir [[Phillip Sarofim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-boyfriend-phillip-sarofim-split/|title=Avril Lavigne and Billionaire Heir Phillip Sarofim Split After Less Than 2 Years of Dating|date=November 27, 2019|website=People|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=April 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409180458/https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-boyfriend-phillip-sarofim-split/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported by [[People (magazine)|''People'' magazine]] that she began dating musician Pete Jonas in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/music/grammys-2020-avril-lavigne-dating-pete-jonas/|title=Avril Lavigne Is Dating Indie Artist Pete Jonas: See the Pic from Their Pre-Grammy Party Date Night|newspaper=People|date=January 26, 2020|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=April 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409125727/https://people.com/music/grammys-2020-avril-lavigne-dating-pete-jonas/|url-status=live}}</ref> She later began dating [[Mod Sun]] around March 2021. In April 2022, Lavigne used her social media accounts to announce their engagement, which ended in February 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/a37769611/avril-lavigne-mod-sun-relationship-timeline/|title=Avril Lavigne and Mod Sun's relationship timeline|website=Cosmopolitan|date=September 26, 2021|access-date=November 21, 2021|archive-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503085812/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/entertainment/a37769611/avril-lavigne-mod-sun-relationship-timeline/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Jeff |last2=DeSantis |first2=Rachel |title=Avril Lavigne Gets Engaged to Mod Sun in Paris: 'The Day We Met I Knew You Were the One' |url=https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-gets-engaged-to-mod-sun-in-paris-see-ring/ |work=People |date=April 7, 2022 |access-date=April 8, 2022 |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705053841/https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-gets-engaged-to-mod-sun-in-paris-see-ring/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Avril Lavigne's Dating History: From Brody Jenner to Mod Sun |url=https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-dating-history/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Peoplemag |archive-date=February 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226021740/https://people.com/music/avril-lavigne-dating-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Health===
In April 2015, Lavigne revealed to ''People'' magazine that she had been diagnosed with [[Lyme disease]] after her 30th birthday in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.people.com/article/avril-lavigne-lyme-disease-bedridden |title=Avril Lavigne Opens Up About Her Health Crisis: 'I Was Bedridden for 5 Months' |date=April 1, 2016 |first=Gillian |last=Telling |work=People |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071422/http://www.people.com/article/avril-lavigne-lyme-disease-bedridden |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with ''Billboard'' that same month, Lavigne said that she was in the recovery process and that she wanted to increase awareness of the disease.<ref name=Billboard-April2015 />

==Discography==
{{Main|Avril Lavigne discography|List of songs performed by Avril Lavigne}}
*''[[Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)|Let Go]]'' (2002)
*''[[Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)|Under My Skin]]'' (2004)
*''[[The Best Damn Thing]]'' (2007)
*''[[Goodbye Lullaby]]'' (2011)
*''[[Avril Lavigne (album)|Avril Lavigne]]'' (2013)
*''[[Head Above Water (album)|Head Above Water]]'' (2019)
*''[[Love Sux]]'' (2022)

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Film and television
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)|Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]''
| Herself
| [[Cameo appearance]]; episode: "Bada-Ping!"
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''
| Herself
| Season 28, episode 9: "[[Jeff Gordon]]/Avril Lavigne"
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Going the Distance (2004 film)|Going the Distance]]''
| Herself
| Cameo appearance; performed "Losing Grip"
|-
| 2004
| ''Saturday Night Live''
| Herself
| Season 29, episode 19: "[[Snoop Dogg]]/Avril Lavigne"
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Over the Hedge]]''
| Heather (voice)
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Fast Food Nation (film)|Fast Food Nation]]''
| Alice
|
|-
| 2007
| data-sort-value="Flock, The" | ''[[The Flock (film)|The Flock]]''
| Beatrice Bell
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[American Idol]]''
| Guest Judge
| Los Angeles auditions
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Majors & Minors]]''
| Guest Mentor
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Katy Perry: Part of Me]]''
|Herself
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Charming (film)|Charming]]''
| Snow White (voice)
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Good Mourning (film)|Good Mourning]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Angry Birds Mystery Island]]''
| Tuba
|
|-
|}

==Tours==
{{Main|List of Avril Lavigne concert tours|List of Avril Lavigne promotional tours}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Headlining'''
*[[List of Avril Lavigne concert tours#Try to Shut Me Up Tour|Try to Shut Me Up Tour]] (2002–2003)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/avril-at-hsbc-dont-try-to-shut-her-up/article_dcd99b61-fe75-50ac-9e16-c533e5a57cef.html |title=AVRIL AT HSBC: DON'T TRY TO SHUT HER UP |last1=Srinivasan |first1=Priya |date=May 21, 2003 |newspaper=The Buffalo News |access-date=October 1, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221001080533/https://buffalonews.com/news/avril-at-hsbc-dont-try-to-shut-her-up/article_dcd99b61-fe75-50ac-9e16-c533e5a57cef.html |archive-date=October 1, 2022}}</ref>
*[[List of Avril Lavigne concert tours#Bonez Tour|Bonez Tour]] (2004–2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/young-star/2005/04/08/273148/rocked-out-night-avril-lavigne-and-simple-plan |title=A rocked-out night with Avril Lavigne and Simple Plan |last1=Ong |first1=Jennifer |date=April 8, 2005 |website=The Philippine Star |publisher= |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001091508/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/young-star/2005/04/08/273148/rocked-out-night-avril-lavigne-and-simple-plan |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[The Best Damn World Tour]] (2008)<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://fohonline.com/articles/production-profile/on-the-road-perspectives-from-the-best-damn-tour/ |title=On-the-Road Perspectives from The Best Damn Tour |date=October 15, 2008 |magazine=[[Front of House (magazine)|Front of House]] |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001091518/https://fohonline.com/articles/production-profile/on-the-road-perspectives-from-the-best-damn-tour/ |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[List of Avril Lavigne concert tours#Black Star Tour|Black Star Tour]] (2011–2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/pep/248474/avril-lavigne-rocks-manila-with-her-black-star-tour/story/ |title=Avril Lavigne rocks Manila with her 'Black Star Tour' |date=February 17, 2012 |publisher=GMA Network |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001090005/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/pep/248474/avril-lavigne-rocks-manila-with-her-black-star-tour/story/ |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[The Avril Lavigne Tour]] (2013–2014)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://holrmagazine.com/the-avril-lavigne-comeback-weve-all-been-waiting-for/ |title=THE AVRIL LAVIGNE COMEBACK WE'VE ALL BEEN WAITING FOR |last1=Cameron |first1=Chole |date=September 23, 2019 |website=HOLR |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001090005/https://holrmagazine.com/the-avril-lavigne-comeback-weve-all-been-waiting-for/ |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Head Above Water Tour]] (2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/video/avril-lavigne-set-tour-america-150311414.html |title=Avril Lavigne Is Set to Tour America for the First Time in 5 Years |last1=Juneau |first1=Jen |date=June 25, 2019 |website=People |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001090005/https://www.yahoo.com/video/avril-lavigne-set-tour-america-150311414.html |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |via=Yahoo! News |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Love Sux Tour]] (2022–2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wrmf.com/avril-lavigne-forced-to-postpone-love-sux-european-tour-it-really-breaks-my-heart-to-have-to-do-this/ |title=Avril Lavigne forced to postpone LOVE SUX European tour |author= |date=February 8, 2022 |publisher=[[WRMF]] |access-date=March 20, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220320131035/https://www.wrmf.com/avril-lavigne-forced-to-postpone-love-sux-european-tour-it-really-breaks-my-heart-to-have-to-do-this/ |archive-date=March 20, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Greatest Hits Tour (Avril Lavigne)|Greatest Hits Tour]] (2024–2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Avril Lavigne Announces 2024 "The Greatest Hits" Tour |url=https://consequence.net/2024/01/avril-lavigne-the-greatest-hits-tour-2024/ |website=Consequence |access-date=January 22, 2024 |date=January 22, 2024 |archive-date=January 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122134753/https://consequence.net/2024/01/avril-lavigne-the-greatest-hits-tour-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{col-2}}

'''Promotional'''
*[[List of Avril Lavigne promotional tours#Live by Surprise Tour|Live by Surprise Tour]] (2004)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486099/avrils-exboyfriend-now-her-exbandmate.jhtml?headlines=true |title=Avril's Ex-Boyfriend Now Her Ex-Bandmate Too |last1=D'Angelo |first1=Joe |website=[[MTV]] |date=March 31, 2004 |agency=MTV News |access-date=October 13, 2011 |archive-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806230439/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486099/avrils-exboyfriend-now-her-exbandmate.jhtml?headlines=true |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[List of Avril Lavigne promotional tours#The Best Damn Thing Promotional Tour|The Best Damn Thing Promotional Tour]] (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/p4_noticias/site/artic/20070725/pags/20070725094018.html |title=Avril Lavigne actuará por primera vez en China |language=Spanish |trans-title=Avril Lavigne performs for the first time in China |date=July 25, 2007 |publisher=Radio Cooperativa |access-date=October 17, 2011|archive-url=https://www.freezepage.com/1318890718UPFHWNFLHG?url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/p4_noticias/site/artic/20070725/pags/20070725094018.html |archive-date=October 17, 2011}}</ref>

'''Opening act'''
*[[In a World Like This Tour]] (for the [[Backstreet Boys]]) (2014)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/03/14/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-tour/6415649/ |title=Backstreet Boys announce U.S. dates with Avril Lavigne |last1=Mansfield |first1=Brian |date=March 14, 2014 |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=December 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204232840/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/03/14/backstreet-boys-avril-lavigne-tour/6415649/ |archive-date=December 4, 2017}}</ref>
*[[Mainstream Sellout Tour]] (for [[Machine Gun Kelly (musician)|Machine Gun Kelly]]) (2022)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/mar/21/machine-gun-kellys-new-mainstream-sellout-tour-wit/ |title=Machine Gun Kelly's new Mainstream Sellout tour with Avril Lavigne headlines Spokane Arena on July 25 |last1=Chareunsy |first1=Don |date=March 21, 2022 |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001090003/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/mar/21/machine-gun-kellys-new-mainstream-sellout-tour-wit/ |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{col-end}}

==See also==
*[[Honorific nicknames in popular music]]
*[[List of artists who reached number one in the United States]]

==References==
<references>
<ref name="www.fanpop.com">{{cite web |author=Fanpop, Inc. |url=http://www.fanpop.com/spots/avril-lavigne/articles/124594/title/new-interview-from-avril-lavignes-drummer-rodney-howard |title=She is a punk chanteuse, a post-grunge valkyrie, with the wounded soul of a poet and the explosive pugnacity of a Canadian. |publisher=Fanpop.com |access-date=April 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023022859/http://www.fanpop.com/spots/avril-lavigne/articles/124594/title/new-interview-from-avril-lavignes-drummer-rodney-howard |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com">{{cite web |url=http://avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com/post/9680122517/rodney2 |title=Exclusive Rodney Interview! Your Questions Answered! |publisher=Avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com |date=September 1, 2011 |access-date=August 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905092632/http://avrillavigneuk.tumblr.com/post/9680122517/rodney2 |archive-date=September 5, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="capricho.abril.com.br">{{cite journal |url=http://capricho.abril.com.br/famosos/avril-patricinha-416925.shtml |title=Uma Avril patricinha |author=Paula Abou-Jaoude |date=November 16, 2007 |journal=Capricho Magazine |language=pt |quote=O que você tem ouvido ultimamente? Tenho escutado coisas como Blink 182, Ramones e Distiller. Gosto de Coldplay, Hole, Alanis Morissette. Tenho escutado muito punk rock, então você poderá notar uma certa influência do punk em meu discos. Gosto de uma música agressiva, mas curto bastante pop rock, que é o que sei fazer realmente. |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018081139/http://capricho.abril.com.br/famosos/avril-patricinha-416925.shtml |archive-date=October 18, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="www.thebiographychannel.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/avril-lavigne.html |title=Lavigne's grungey pop-rock sound |publisher=Thebiographychannel.co.uk |access-date=April 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307063516/http://thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/avril-lavigne.html |archive-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="www.musicmight.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/canada/ontario/belleville/avril+lavigne |title=Genres: Pop Rock, Post Grunge |publisher=Musicmight.com |access-date=April 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620040225/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/canada/ontario/belleville/avril+lavigne |archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name=laudadio>{{cite web |url=https://people.com/celebrity/avril-lavigne-chad-kroeger-engaged/ |title=Avril Lavigne Engaged to Nickelback's Chad Kroeger |last=Laudadio |first=Marisa |work=People |date=August 21, 2012 |access-date=August 21, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822004916/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20623133,00.html |archive-date=August 22, 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="hitquarters">{{cite web |url=http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Joshua_Sarubin_int.html |title=Interview with Joshua Sarubin |publisher=[[HitQuarters]] |date=April 2, 2003 |access-date=October 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828003920/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview%2Fopar%2Fintrview_Joshua_Sarubin_int.html |archive-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="shuffleme.net">{{cite web |url=http://shuffleme.net/2011/07/09/avril-lavigne-announces-third-single-off-goodbye-lullaby/ |title=Avril Lavigne announces third single off Goodbye Lullaby |publisher=ShuffleMe |date=July 9, 2011 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324101200/http://shuffleme.net/2011/07/09/avril-lavigne-announces-third-single-off-goodbye-lullaby/ |archive-date=March 24, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="www.925thebeat.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www.925thebeat.ca/audioplayer.php?mp3=113406 |title=92.5 THE BEAT Montreal's Best Music Variety Radio Station |publisher=925thebeat.ca |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521161349/http://www.925thebeat.ca/audioplayer.php?mp3=113406 |archive-date=May 21, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="www.billboard.biz">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/avril-lavigne-shifts-to-epic-records-reunites-1005540152.story |title=Avril Lavigne Shifts to Epic Records, Reunites With L.A. Reid |magazine=Billboard |date=November 17, 2011 |access-date=April 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104194959/http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1160283/avril-lavigne-shifts-to-epic-records-reunites-with-la-reid |archive-date=November 4, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="www.rollingstone.com">{{cite magazine |first=Christian |last=Hoard |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/the-best-damn-thing-20070417 |title=The Best Damn Thing – Avril Lavigne |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=April 17, 2007 |access-date=October 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704142829/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/the-best-damn-thing-20070417 |archive-date=July 4, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="altman">{{cite web |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/stopthepresses/19/avril-lavignes-malaysian-malaise |title=Avril Lavigne's Malaysian Malaise |last=Altman |first=Billy |date=August 20, 2008 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]] |access-date=May 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827181943/http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/stopthepresses/19/avril-lavignes-malaysian-malaise |archive-date=August 27, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="sperling">{{cite news |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a304869/lavigne-siblings-mocked-my-singing.html |title=Lavigne: 'Siblings mocked my singing' |last=Sperling |first=Daniel |date=February 21, 2011 |publisher=Bang Showbiz via [[DigitalSpy.com]] |access-date=February 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222193935/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a304869/lavigne-siblings-mocked-my-singing.html |archive-date=February 22, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="rollingstoneblackstar">{{cite magazine |last=Diehl |first=Matt |date=September 3, 2009 |title=Avril Lavigne Mellows Out, Gets Serious |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=#1086 |page=24 LLC}}</ref>

<ref name="musicmix">{{cite magazine |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/07/24/avril-lavigne-in-the-studio-exclusive/ |title=Avril Lavigne in the studio: An EW exclusive! |author=Pastorek, Whitney |date=July 24, 2009 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727065917/http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/07/24/avril-lavigne-in-the-studio-exclusive/ |archive-date=July 27, 2009 |access-date=January 30, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="earthtimes">{{cite web |url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/buena-vista-records-presents-almost-alice-featuring-other-voices-from-wonderland,1117270.shtml |title=Buena Vista Records Presents Almost Alice Featuring Other Voices from Wonderland |author=Walt Disney Records (Press Release) |date=January 12, 2010 |work=EarthTimes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707070635/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/buena-vista-records-presents-almost-alice-featuring-other-voices-from-wonderland,1117270.shtml |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=January 15, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="seacrestinterview6may">{{cite interview |last=Lavigne |first=Avril |interviewer=[[Ryan Seacrest]] |title=Interview with Avril Lavigne |work=[[On Air with Ryan Seacrest (radio)|On Air with Ryan Seacrest]] |publisher=[[KIIS-FM|KIIS]] |location=Los Angeles, California |url=http://www.kiisfm.com/mediaplayer/?station=RYAN-IP&action=ondemand&feed_name=onair.xml&item=19156876 |date=May 6, 2010 |access-date=May 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723161423/http://www.kiisfm.com/mediaplayer/?station=RYAN-IP&action=ondemand&feed_name=onair.xml&item=19156876 |archive-date=July 23, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="seacrestinterview26">{{cite interview |last=Lavigne |first=Avril |interviewer=[[Ryan Seacrest]] |title=Interview with Avril Lavigne |work=[[On Air with Ryan Seacrest (radio)|On Air with Ryan Seacrest]] |publisher=[[KIIS-FM|KIIS]] |location=Los Angeles, California |url=http://www.kiisfm.com/cc-common/mediaplayer/player.html?redir=yes&mps=onair.php&mid=http://a1135.g.akamai.net/f/1135/18227/1h/cchannel.download.akamai.com/18227/podcast/LOSANGELES-CA/KIIS-FM/avrillavigne012610.mp3?CPROG=PCAST?CCOMRRMID&CPROG=RICHMEDIA&MARKET=LOSANGELES-CA&NG_FORMAT=chrrhythmic&NG_ID=kiis102fm&OR_NEWSFORMAT=&OWNER=&SERVER_NAME=www.kiisfm.com&SITE_ID=842&STATION_ID=KIIS-FM&TRACK= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827082324/http://www.kiisfm.com/cc-common/mediaplayer/player.html?redir=yes&mps=onair.php&mid=http%3A%2F%2Fa1135.g.akamai.net%2Ff%2F1135%2F18227%2F1h%2Fcchannel.download.akamai.com%2F18227%2Fpodcast%2FLOSANGELES-CA%2FKIIS-FM%2Favrillavigne012610.mp3%3FCPROG%3DPCAST%3FCCOMRRMID&CPROG=RICHMEDIA&MARKET=LOSANGELES-CA&NG_FORMAT=chrrhythmic&NG_ID=kiis102fm&OR_NEWSFORMAT=&OWNER=&SERVER_NAME=www.kiisfm.com&SITE_ID=842&STATION_ID=KIIS-FM&TRACK= |archive-date=August 27, 2013 |date=January 26, 2010 |access-date=January 26, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="pacifican">{{cite web |url=http://www.thepacifican.com/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2628&Itemid=100016 |title=Movie Review: Alice in Wonderland |last=Wood |first=Courtney |date=March 17, 2010 |work=The Pacifican |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717022143/http://www.thepacifican.com/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2628&Itemid=100016 |archive-date=July 17, 2011 |access-date=April 9, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="ladowntownalice">{{cite news |url=http://www.ladowntownnews.com/articles/2010/05/27/entertainment/doc4bfea2272df4f865819251.txt |title=Alice in Downtown: Alice in Wonderland Design Exhibition Opens at FIDM Today |date=May 27, 2010 |work=[[Los Angeles Downtown News]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103135809/http://www.ladowntownnews.com/articles/2010/05/27/entertainment/doc4bfea2272df4f865819251.txt |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=May 28, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="kohls">{{cite web |url=http://www.kohlscorporation.com/PressRoom/PDFs/2008/AbbeyDawnAnnouncementRelease.pdf |title=Kohl's Partners with Rocker Avril Lavigne for New Juniors' Lifestyle Brand to Launch July 2008 |publisher=Kohlscorporation.com |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816191407/http://www.kohlscorporation.com/pressroom/PDFs/2008/AbbeyDawnAnnouncementRelease.pdf |archive-date=August 16, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="artistdirectrelease">{{cite web |url=http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/avril-lavigne-to-release-goodbye-lullaby-on-march-8/8196075 |title=Avril Lavigne to Release 'Goodbye Lullaby' on March 8 |work=[[Artistdirect]] |date=December 8, 2010 |last=Sciarretto |first=Amy |access-date=December 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427092310/http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/avril-lavigne-to-release-goodbye-lullaby-on-march-8/8196075 |archive-date=April 27, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="idolator">{{cite web |url=http://idolator.com/5717421/miranda-cosgrove-is-dancing-crazy-on-her-avril-lavigne-written-track |title=Miranda Cosgrove Is 'Dancing Crazy' On Her Avril Lavigne-Written Track |last=Bain |first=Becky |date=December 14, 2010 |work=[[Idolator (website)|Idolator]] |access-date=December 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110815225442/http://idolator.com/5717421/miranda-cosgrove-is-dancing-crazy-on-her-avril-lavigne-written-track |archive-date=August 15, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="musicmixqa">{{cite magazine |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/12/27/avril-lavigne-interview-new-album/ |title=Avril Lavigne talks about her new album, (sort of) working with Rihanna, and where she'll be New Years Eve: An EW Q&A |last=Greenblatt |first=Leah |date=December 27, 2010 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=December 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230034215/http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/12/27/avril-lavigne-interview-new-album/ |archive-date=December 30, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="girlauinterview">{{cite web |url=https://www.girl.com.au/avril-lavigne-over-the-hedge-interview.htm |title=Avril Lavigne Over the Hedge Interview |last=Flynn |first=Gaynor |publisher=Girl.com.au |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721124943/http://girl.com.au/avril-lavigne-over-the-hedge-interview.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2006 }}</ref>

<ref name="ledgermoody">{{cite journal |last=Moody |first=Nekesa Mumbi |date=June 1, 2004 |title=Lavigne's Not Really Angry: The shy Canadian singer shuns the rebel, punk labelling that many people have given her. |journal=[[The Ledger]] |location=Florida |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Or4wAAAAIBAJ&pg=6368,123891 |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601215832/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Or4wAAAAIBAJ&pg=6368,123891 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="musicomhinterview">{{cite web |url=http://www.musicomh.com/music/features/avril-lavigne.htm |title=Interview: Avril Lavigne |last=Soghomonian |first=Talia |date=September 2004 |work=[[musicOMH]] |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707055522/http://www.musicomh.com/music/features/avril-lavigne.htm |archive-date=July 7, 2009 }}</ref>

<ref name="settle">{{cite web |url=http://www.chartattack.com/news/45176/avril-lavigne-settles-with-rubinoos-over-copyright-lawsuit |title=Avril Lavigne Settles With Rubinoos Over Copyright Lawsuit |date=January 10, 2008 |work=[[Chart (magazine)|ChartAttack.com]] |access-date=December 29, 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430012055/http://www.chartattack.com/news/45176/avril-lavigne-settles-with-rubinoos-over-copyright-lawsuit |archive-date=April 30, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="billboardstole">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1051129/seventies-band-sues-lavigne-over-girlfriend |title=Seventies Band Sues Lavigne Over 'Girlfriend' |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529185238/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1051129/seventies-band-sues-lavigne-over-girlfriend |archive-date=May 29, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="yahoomusic">{{cite web |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/avril-lavigne/news/girlfriend-power-for-avril-chantal--45048018 |title="Girlfriend" Power for Avril, Chantal |date=July 11, 2007 |publisher=[[E!]] |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430011550/http://new.music.yahoo.com/avril-lavigne/news/girlfriend-power-for-avril-chantal--45048018 |archive-date=April 30, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="kreviazuk">{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/news/nme/29624 |title=Avril Lavigne: songwriter retracts songwriting claims |date=July 11, 2007 |work=NME |location=UK |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427110011/http://www.nme.com/news/nme/29624 |archive-date=April 27, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="ultimateguitar">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/interviews/evan_taubenfeld_avril_isnt_punk.html |title=Evan Taubenfeld: 'Avril Isn't Punk' |work=[[Ultimate Guitar Archive]] |date=July 2, 2004 |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040714082411/http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/interviews/evan_taubenfeld_avril_isnt_punk.html |archive-date=July 14, 2004 }}</ref>

<ref name="teenspirit">{{cite news |title=Smells like teen spirit |first=Jenny |last=Eliscu |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2003/mar/07/artsfeatures |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=March 7, 2003 |access-date=December 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022221858/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2003/mar/07/artsfeatures |archive-date=October 22, 2008 |location=London }}</ref>

<ref name="blossoming">{{cite news |title=Avril Lavigne blossoming |first=Greg |last=Kot |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2004/11/13/avril-lavigne-blossoming/ |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=November 13, 2004 |access-date=December 30, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427091411/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-11-13/news/0411130129_1_avril-lavigne-self-empowerment-audience |archive-date=April 27, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="scold">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553431/20070227/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Don't Know How To Spell 'Avril Lavigne'? Prepare To Be Scolded |date=February 28, 2007 |last=Vineyard |first=Jennifer |publisher=MTV |access-date=December 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302140013/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553431/20070227/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=March 2, 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="departure">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1652842/20101122/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Says Her New Album 'Is A Departure' |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=November 22, 2010 |publisher=MTV |access-date=November 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125014250/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1652842/20101122/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=November 25, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="billboarddecade">{{cite magazine |magazine=Billboard |title=Billboard Artist of the Decade |url=https://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/artists-of-the-decade?year=2009&begin=21&order=position |access-date=November 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102040809/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=November 2, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="billboardbest2000">{{cite magazine |magazine=Billboard |title=Billboard Best of the 2000s |url=https://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/pop-songs-artists?year=2009 |access-date=November 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102040809/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=November 2, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="canadianbusiness">{{cite web |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/after_hours/lifestyle_activities/article.jsp?content=20060814_79827_79827&page=3 |title=Power players: Canada's top actors |last=Mlynek |first=Alex |author2=Pulfer, Rachel |date=August 14, 2006 |work=Canadian Business |access-date=June 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211062614/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/after_hours/lifestyle_activities/article.jsp?content=20060814_79827_79827&page=3 |archive-date=December 11, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="unofficialbiog">{{cite book |last=Thorley |first=Joe |title=Avril Lavigne: the unofficial book |url=https://archive.org/details/avrillavigneunof0000thor |url-access=registration |publisher=Virgin |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=1-85227-049-7}}</ref>

<ref name="peoplekappes">{{cite web |last=Kappes |first=Serena |author2=Caryn Midler |url=https://www.people.com/people/gallery/0,,714142_5,00.html |title=Inside Her Life: The Middle Child |date=June 30, 2005 |work=People |access-date=May 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528045223/http://www.people.com/people/gallery/0%2C%2C714142_5%2C00.html |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="mtvrealdeal">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/l/lavigne_avril/news_feature_071202/index.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne: The Real Deal |last=Pak |first=SuChin |author2=D'Angelo, Joe |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312053148/http://www.mtv.com/bands/l/lavigne_avril/news_feature_071202/index.jhtml |archive-date=March 12, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ewwillman">{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2002/11/01/avril-lavigne-anti-britney/ |title=Avril Lavigne The Anti-Britney |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=November 1, 2002 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425184951/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C384096%2C00.html |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="aboutlamb">{{cite web |last=Lamb |first=Bill |title=Avril Lavigne |work=About.com Entertainment |url=http://top40.about.com/od/artistsls/p/avrillavigne.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=May 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131123448/http://top40.about.com/od/artistsls/p/avrillavigne.htm |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="riaadiamond">{{cite news |url=https://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=2002&resultpage=&id=141D0EF5-0C3A-81FD-8643-A2492219DE41 |title=E = 2K2 |date=December 20, 2002 |work=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=March 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324070547/http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=2002&resultpage=&id=141D0EF5-0C3A-81FD-8643-A2492219DE41 |archive-date=March 24, 2009 }}</ref>

<ref name="criadiamond">{{cite web |url=http://www.cria.ca/gold/0503_g.php |title=Avril Lavigne presented with Diamond |date=May 2003 |work=Canadian Recording Industry Association |access-date=March 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212002313/http://www.cria.ca/gold/0503_g.php |archive-date=February 12, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="transworldnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.transworldnews.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=45518&cat=16 |title=Avril Lavigne Ends North American Run of Shows with Two Dates in Washington Beginning 9 May |date=April 5, 2008 |publisher=Transworldnews.com |access-date=May 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205061155/http://www.transworldnews.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=45518&cat=16|archive-date=December 5, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="billboardlipshutz">{{cite news |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/949614/avril-lavigne-to-release-goodbye-lullaby-album-in-march |title=Avril Lavigne to Release 'Goodbye Lullaby' Album in March |last=Lipshutz |first=James |date=December 7, 2010 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513092853/http://www.billboard.com/news/avril-lavigne-to-release-goodbye-lullaby-1004133903.story?tag=hpfeed#/news/avril-lavigne-to-release-goodbye-lullaby-1004133903.story?tag=hpfeed |archive-date=May 13, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="reuterstop40">{{cite news |last=Trust |first=Gary |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56D0HQ20090714 |title=Lady GaGa charts third No. 1 on Mainstream Top 40 |work=Reuters |access-date=July 13, 2009 |date=July 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720073947/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56D0HQ20090714 |archive-date=July 20, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="billboardjuno">{{cite news |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/71651/avril-nabs-four-juno-awards |title=Avril Nabs Four Juno Awards |last=LeBlanc |first=Larry |date=April 7, 2003 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=April 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722152245/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/71651/avril-nabs-four-juno-awards |archive-date=July 22, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="hollywoodgrammy">{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/2003_Grammy_Award_Nominees_Announced/1703700 |title=Let the Music Play: 2003 Grammy Nominees Announced |last=Cadorette |first=Guylaine |date=January 3, 2003 |work=Hollywood.com |access-date=March 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529015115/http://www.hollywood.com/news/2003_Grammy_Award_Nominees_Announced/1703700 |archive-date=May 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="rollingstonecover">{{cite news |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/little-miss-cant-be-wrong-20030320 |title=Little Miss Can't Be Wrong: If Avil Lavigne says she writes her own songs, who's going to tell her otherwise? |first=Jenny |last=Eliscu |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=March 20, 2003 |access-date=April 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410132223/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/little-miss-cant-be-wrong-20030320 |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="mtviconmetallica">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/ |title=About the Show: mtvICON: Metallica |publisher=MTV |access-date=May 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825182714/http://www.mtv.com/onair/icon/metallica/ |archive-date=August 25, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="billboarddecadehot100">{{cite magazine |magazine=Billboard |title=Billboard Hot 100 songs of the decade |url=https://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&begin=81&order=position |access-date=November 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102040809/http://www.billboard.com/ |archive-date=November 2, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="mtvclarkson">{{cite news |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1489852/20040730/story.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Helps Kelly Clarkson Become A Pop 'Princess' |last=Moss |first=Corey |date=July 30, 2004 |access-date=March 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103053941/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1489852/kelly-clarkson-shoots-video-avril-song.jhtml |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="cbsbeyonce">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/beyonce-makes-fashionable-splash/ |title=Beyonce Makes Fashionable Splash |last=Holguín |first=Jaime |date=September 9, 2004 |work=CBS News |access-date=March 31, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804230921/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/09/09/entertainment/main642204.shtml |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="maximcover">{{cite web |url=http://www.magazine-agent.com/maxim/covers?c=1&cov=COVER0010039.JPG&pg=3 |title=Avril Lavigne 2004 Maxim Cover |work=Maxim |access-date=October 1, 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427201727/http://www.magazine-agent.com/maxim/covers?c=1&cov=COVER0010039.JPG&pg=3 |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvspongebob">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1493449/20041104/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Gives Squishy SpongeBob Song A Harder Edge |last=D'Angelo |first=Joe |date=November 4, 2004 |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806013150/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1493449/20041104/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=August 6, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="yahoojenison">{{cite news |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/george-michael/news/avril-skins-usher--12176883 |title=Avril "Skins" Usher |publisher=Yahoo! Music |first=David |last=Jenison |date=June 2, 2004 |access-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430011559/http://new.music.yahoo.com/george-michael/news/avril-skins-usher--12176883 |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvmoss">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1499525/20050404/usher.jhtml |title=Usher, Hilary Duff, SpongeBob Take Home Orange Blimps From Kids' Choice Awards |last=Moss |first=Corey |date=April 4, 2005 |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105094835/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1499525/20050404/usher.jhtml |archive-date=January 5, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="lavignekeepholdingon">{{cite web |url=http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3390 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207084833/http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3390 |archive-date=December 7, 2006 |title=Hey guys |date=November 8, 2006 |access-date=March 30, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="lavigneradio">{{cite web |url=http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3442 |title="Keep Holding On" now playing at radio! |publisher=AvrilLavigne.com |date=November 20, 2006 |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207084847/http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3442 |archive-date=December 7, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="lavigneitunes">{{cite web |url=http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3480 |title="Keep Holding On" now on iTunes |publisher=AvrilLavigne.com |date=November 28, 2006 |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208163718/http://www.avrillavigne.com/index.jsp?news_id=3480 |archive-date=December 8, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="billboardgirlfriend">{{cite news |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1052551/lavigne-sweeps-charts-as-girlfriend-tops-hot-100 |title=Lavigne Sweeps Charts As 'Girlfriend' Tops Hot 100 |last=Cohen |first=Jonathan |date=April 26, 2007 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=April 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629214719/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1052551/lavigne-sweeps-charts-as-girlfriend-tops-hot-100 |archive-date=June 29, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvgirlfriend">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1556972/20070412/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Goes Multilingual For 'Girlfriend,' But Does It Get Lost in Translation? |last=Vineyard |first=Jennifer |date=April 13, 2007 |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822102848/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1556972/20070412/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=August 22, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="forbes20">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/12/01/celebrity-hollywood-media-cz_lg_1204kidstars.html |title=20 Under 25: The Top-Earning Young Superstars |date=December 4, 2007 |work=Forbes |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330105230/http://www.forbes.com/2007/12/01/celebrity-hollywood-media-cz_lg_1204kidstars.html |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="mtvmalaysia">{{cite news |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1592957/20080818/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Faces Possible Ban in Malaysia For Being 'Too Sexy' |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=August 18, 2008 |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529012331/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1592957/avril-lavigne-sexy-malaysia.jhtml |archive-date=May 29, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvmalaysiaconcert">{{cite news |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593264/20080821/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne's Malaysia Concert Is Back On, Singer Says – 'Too Sexy' Or Not |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=August 21, 2008 |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010204415/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593264/avril-lavignes-malaysia-concert-back-on.jhtml |archive-date=October 10, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="billboardgirlfriend100">{{cite magazine |magazine=Billboard |title=Billboard Hot 100 songs of the decade |url=https://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&begin=91&order=position |access-date=November 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311193641/http://www.billboard.com/charts-decade-end/hot-100-songs?year=2009&begin=91&order=position |archive-date=March 11, 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="warechok">{{cite news |url=http://www.okmagazine.com/2008/07/ok-interview-avril-lavigne-8095/ |title=OK! Interview: Avril Lavigne |last=Warech |first=Jon |date=July 30, 2008 |work=OK! |access-date=August 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804165627/http://www.okmagazine.com/2008/07/ok-interview-avril-lavigne-8095/ |archive-date=August 4, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="venaabbey">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593374/20080822/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Launches Abbey Dawn Clothing Line: 'It's Absolutely My Wardrobe' |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=August 25, 2008 |publisher=MTV |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308052521/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593374/20080822/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=March 8, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="nprmouse">{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14250186 |title=Word of Mouse: Creating a Musical Buzz Online |newspaper=NPR |date=September 10, 2007 |access-date=August 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024142916/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14250186 |archive-date=October 24, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="newyorkabbey">{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmogirl.com/blog/abbey-dawn-fashion-show |title=New York Fashion Week Spring 2010: Abbey Dawn |last=Moody |first=Colleen |date=September 15, 2009 |work=Cosmo Girl |access-date=March 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614183419/http://www.cosmogirl.com/blog/abbey-dawn-fashion-show |archive-date=June 14, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="basenotes">{{cite web |url=http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20090318avril-lavigne.html |title=Avril Lavigne in London to promote new fragrance, Black Star |last=Osborne |first=Grant |date=March 18, 2009 |publisher=Basenotes.net |access-date=March 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319005611/http://www.basenotes.net/industry_news/20090318avril-lavigne.html |archive-date=March 19, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="perfumeblog">{{cite web |url=http://www.blog.perfumetr.com/forbidden-rose-new-fragrance-by-avril-lavigne/ |title=Forbidden Rose new fragrance by Avril Lavigne |date=March 18, 2010 |work=Perfume Blog |access-date=March 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726082655/http://www.blog.perfumetr.com/forbidden-rose-new-fragrance-by-avril-lavigne/ |archive-date=July 26, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="amnestydarfur">{{cite news |url=http://news.amnesty.org.au/news/comments/make_some_noise_to_save_darfur/ |title=Make some noise to save Darfur |date=June 25, 2007 |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=March 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211015555/http://news.amnesty.org.au/news/comments/make_some_noise_to_save_darfur/ |archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="imnotobsessed">{{cite web |url=http://www.imnotobsessed.com/2006/10/18/avril-lavigne-talks-about-her-fashion-transformation |title=Avril Lavigne Talks About Her Fashion Transformation |date=October 18, 2006 |work=I'm Not Obsessed |access-date=April 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402095128/http://www.imnotobsessed.com/2006/10/18/avril-lavigne-talks-about-her-fashion-transformation |archive-date=April 2, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvaction">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/bands/l/lavigne_avril/news_feature_032204/index4.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne: No Looking Back |website=[[MTV]] |access-date=June 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204195621/http://www.mtv.com/bands/l/lavigne_avril/news_feature_032204/index.jhtml |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="ferguson2007">{{Cite episode |title=Ioan Gruffudd/Avril Lavigne |series=The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson |series-link=The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson |credits=Lavigne, Avril (herself, performer); Craig Ferguson (host) |network=NBC |air-date=June 18, 2007 |season=4 |number=89}}</ref>

<ref name="dose">{{cite web |url=http://www.dose.ca/Avril+Lavigne+Brody+Jenner+Make+Official+With+Matching+Tattoos/2850746/story.html |title=Avril Lavigne and Brody Jenner Make it Official – With Matching Tattoos |last=Furtado |first=Miranda |date=April 12, 2010 |work=Dose.ca |access-date=April 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501060114/http://www.dose.ca/Avril%2BLavigne%2BBrody%2BJenner%2BMake%2BOfficial%2BWith%2BMatching%2BTattoos/2850746/story.html |archive-date=May 1, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="randomhouse">{{cite web |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/delrey/manga/m5w.html |title=Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes |publisher=RandomHouse.com |access-date=January 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503233054/http://graphic-novels-manga.suvudu.com/ |archive-date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="askmen">{{cite news |title=Avril Lavigne engaged |url=http://www.askmen.com/celebs/entertainment-news/avril-lavigne/avril-lavigne-engaged.html |work=AskMen |date=June 28, 2005 |access-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529015150/http://www.askmen.com/celebs/entertainment-news/avril-lavigne/avril-lavigne-engaged.html |archive-date=May 29, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="okmetcalfe">{{cite web |url=http://www.okmagazine.com/2009/10/avril-lavigne-files-for-divorce/ |title=Avril Lavigne Files Divorce |last=Metcalfe |first=Luisa |date=October 15, 2009 |work=OK! |access-date=April 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226084100/http://www.okmagazine.com/2009/10/avril-lavigne-files-for-divorce/ |archive-date=February 26, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="radaronlinetattoo">{{cite web |url=http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2010/05/exclusive-avril-lavigne-and-brody-jenner-get-matching-obscene-tattoos |title=Exclusive: Avril Lavigne And Brody Jenner Get Matching Obscene Tattoos |date=May 7, 2010 |work=[[RadarOnline]] |access-date=May 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510060713/http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2010/05/exclusive-avril-lavigne-and-brody-jenner-get-matching-obscene-tattoos |archive-date=May 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="usweeklytattoo">{{cite web |url=http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/spencer-pratt-brody-jenner-is-a-fing-idiot-drunk-2010145 |title=Spencer Pratt Calls Brody Jenner a 'Drunk Idiot' |date=May 14, 2010 |work=[[Us Weekly]] |access-date=May 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528161350/http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/spencer-pratt-brody-jenner-is-a-fing-idiot-drunk-2010145 |archive-date=May 28, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="thestarmtv">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/430279261.html?dids=430279261:430279261&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+30%2C+2002&author=&pub=The+Record&desc=MTV+Video+Awards%3B+Avril+Lavigne+receives+best+new+artist+award&pqatl=google |title=MTV Video Awards; Avril Lavigne receives best new artist award |date=August 30, 2002 |work=[[Waterloo Region Record]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430025941/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/430279261.html?dids=430279261:430279261&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+30%2C+2002&author=&pub=The+Record&desc=MTV+Video+Awards%3B+Avril+Lavigne+receives+best+new+artist+award&pqatl=google |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="mojohedge">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=overthehedge.htm |title=Over the Hedge (2006) – Box Office Mojo |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427083620/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=overthehedge.htm |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="contactmusicfastfood">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/story/lavigne-joins-fast-food-nation |title=Lavigne Joins Fast Food Nation |date=December 20, 2005 |magazine=[[Contactmusic.com]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014185436/http://www.contactmusic.com/news-article/lavigne-joins-fast-food-nation |archive-date=October 14, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="washingtonpostfastfood">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/19/AR2006051900596.html |title='Fast Food Nation' Hits Burger Culture |last=Germain |first=David |date=May 19, 2006 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429172636/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/19/AR2006051900596.html |archive-date=April 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="msnbcfastfood">{{cite web |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/fast-food-nation-doesn-t-have-bite-wbna15719858| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/https://www.today.com/popculture/fast-food-nation-doesn-t-have-bite-wbna15719858| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title='Fast Food Nation' doesn't have bite |last=Lemire |first=Christy |date=November 14, 2006 |publisher=MSN |access-date=May 31, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

<ref name="nytimesfastfood">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/arts/22iht-dupont.html |title=Director serves subtler 'Food' at Cannes |last=Dupont |first=Joan |date=May 22, 2006 |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501003604/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/arts/22iht-dupont.html |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="mojofastfood">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fastfoodnation.htm |title=Fast Food Nation (2006) – Box Office Mojo |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805223110/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fastfoodnation.htm |archive-date=August 5, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="digitalspyflock">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a32914/lavigne-bags-acting-role-in-the-flock.html |title=Lavigne bags acting role in 'The Flock' |last=West |first=Dave |date=May 12, 2006 |work=Digital Spy |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429062312/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a32914/lavigne-bags-acting-role-in-the-flock.html |archive-date=April 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvflock">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1516717/avril-lands-small-role-crime-drama.jhtml |title=Avril Lands A Role in Richard Gere Crime Drama 'The Flock' |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=November 30, 2005 |publisher=MTV |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090818/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1516717/avril-lands-small-role-crime-drama.jhtml |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="mojoflock">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=flock.htm |title=The Flock – International Box Office Results – Box Office Mojo |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501105026/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=flock.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="canoedistance">{{cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Reviews/G/Going_The_Distance/2004/08/20/pf-753048.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101005820/http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Reviews/G/Going_The_Distance/2004/08/20/pf-753048.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 1, 2013 |title=Have a laugh, see Canada |last=Braun |first=Liz |date=August 20, 2004 |work=[[Canadian Online Explorer]] |access-date=May 31, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvsabrinaaug">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457229/20020828/lavigne_avril.jhtml?headlines=true |title=For The Record: Quick News On Avril Lavigne, Ashanti, Insane Clown Posse, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Jimmy Eat World & More |date=August 28, 2002 |publisher=MTV |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030219103842/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457229/20020828/lavigne_avril.jhtml?headlines=true |archive-date=February 19, 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvsabrinanov">{{cite web |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458464/20021101/puddle_of_mudd.jhtml |title=For The Record: Quick News On Puddle Of Mudd, Papa Roach, Jewel, Dave Navarro, Coolio & More |date=November 1, 2002 |publisher=MTV |access-date=May 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209134855/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458464/.jhtml |archive-date=February 9, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="goingthedistance">{{cite video |people=Griffiths, Mark (director) |date=August 20, 2004 |title=Going the Distance |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0388285/ |medium=Motion picture |publisher=[[MGM Home Entertainment]] |access-date=June 1, 2010 |time= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618075032/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0388285/ |archive-date=June 18, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="sabrinateenagewitch">{{Cite episode |title=The Gift of Gab |series=Sabrina, the Teenage Witch |series-link=Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series) |credits=Bruce Ferber (writer), Marley Sims (writer) |network=[[The WB Television Network]] |air-date=November 2, 2001 |season=6 |number=5 }}</ref>

<ref name="inked2010">{{cite journal |last=Swanner |first=Rebecca |date=June 8, 2010 |title=Avril |journal=[[Inked (magazine)|Inked]] |publisher=Pinchazo Publishing Group |issue=June/July 2010 |pages=40–45}}</ref>

<ref name="inkedblog">{{cite web |url=http://www.inkedmag.com/blog/f-love/ |title=F***Love |last=Guadiana |first=MaryHelen |date=May 19, 2010 |publisher=Inkedmag.com |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525111645/http://www.inkedmag.com/blog/f-love |archive-date=May 25, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="observer">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/2.2755/avril-lavigne-bares-soul-in-latest-release-1.272075 |title=Avril Lavigne bares soul in latest release |date=September 9, 2004 |work=The Observer |access-date=June 1, 2010 |location=University of Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College, [[South Bend, Indiana]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829103857/http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/2.2755/avril-lavigne-bares-soul-in-latest-release-1.272075 |archive-date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="mtvundermyskin">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486120/20040401/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne Album Preview: Rock Rules On Under My Skin |last=D'Angelo |first=Joe |date=April 2, 2004 |publisher=MTV |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008015827/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486120/20040401/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=October 8, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="manilamoody">{{cite journal |last=Moody |first=Nekesa Mumbi |date=July 27, 2002 |title=New crop of teen pop queens reject sex-symbol status |journal=[[Manila Standard]] |location=Philippines |volume=XVI |issue=163 |page=42 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lXwqAAAAIBAJ&pg=6393,2871039 |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626211042/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lXwqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GAsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6393,2871039 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="nytimesnecktie">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/10/nyregion/the-necktie-as-a-gift-not-such-a-bad-idea-after-all.html |title=The Necktie as a Gift: Not Such a Bad Idea After All |last=Trebay |first=Guy |date=December 10, 2002 |work=The New York Times |page=9 |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501003558/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/10/nyregion/the-necktie-as-a-gift-not-such-a-bad-idea-after-all.html |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="msnbcpauley">{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080073 |title=All about Avril Lavigne |last=Pauley |first=Jane |date=December 9, 2003 |work=NBC News |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220222259/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3080073 |archive-date=December 20, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="vancouversun">{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/arts/story.html?id=8e2d6e8e-f641-4161-a6b7-eb3930aaf168 |title=Fame, marriage and hometown pizza: Avril Lavigne is living the life of the megastar, but she's a Canadian smalltown girl at heart |last=O'Brian |first=Amy |date=April 21, 2007 |work=[[Canwest News Service]] |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206034207/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/arts/story.html?id=8e2d6e8e-f641-4161-a6b7-eb3930aaf168 |archive-date=December 6, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="mirrorquigley">{{cite news |url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/62651020/They-think-Im-a-tomboy--but-Im-looking-forward-to-a-white-wedding-like-any-other-girl-AVRIL-DREAMS-OF-FALLING-IN-LOVEONE-DAY(News) |title=They think I'm a tomboy .. but I'm looking forward to a white wedding |last=Quigley |first=Maeve |date=September 7, 2003 |work=[[Sunday Mirror]] |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703063431/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/62651020/They-think-Im-a-tomboy--but-Im-looking-forward-to-a-white-wedding-like-any-other-girl-AVRIL-DREAMS-OF-FALLING-IN-LOVEONE-DAY(News) |archive-date=July 3, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="sk8terfaker">{{cite web |url=http://sk8erfaker.00cd.com/intrestartc.html |title=The Real Lavigne, Behind Ontario's pop-punk princess lurks a not-so-wild past |last=Cantin |first=Paul |work=Sk8ter Faker |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104210232/http://sk8erfaker.00cd.com/intrestartc.html |archive-date=November 4, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="gazettedunlevy">{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/cityguides/photogalleries/story.html?id=ac657374-fd04-4c4d-9eda-51f72ae6e479&k=33893 |title=Artists keen to take on role of engaged global citizens |last=Dunlevy |first=T'cha |date=November 17, 2007 |work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]] |publisher=CanWest Global Communications |access-date=June 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511102302/http://www.canada.com/cityguides/photogalleries/story.html?id=ac657374-fd04-4c4d-9eda-51f72ae6e479&k=33893 |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="cbcnewstreble">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/lavigne-our-lady-peace-among-winners-of-video-awards-1.371722 |title=Lavigne, Our Lady Peace among winners of video awards |date=June 23, 2003 |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=June 2, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="sfgatesullivan">{{cite news |url=https://www.sfgate.com/music/article/She-s-talkin-bout-her-generation-Lavigne-s-2619189.php |title=She's talkin' 'bout her generation / Lavigne's energetic show and young fans are all about the music |last=Sullivan |first=James |date=May 2, 2003 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=June 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919121601/http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-05-02/entertainment/17489851_1_evan-taubenfeld-avril-lavigne-green-day |archive-date=September 19, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="siglotorreon">{{cite web |url=http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/483676.la-cifra-reunida-en-el-teleton-asegura-mas-ce.html |title=La cifra reunida en el Teletón asegura más centros de ayuda |date=December 7, 2009 |work=El Siglo de Torreón |language=es |access-date=June 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421073934/http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/483676.la-cifra-reunida-en-el-teleton-asegura-mas-ce.html |archive-date=April 21, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="cewblackstar">{{cite web |url=https://www.cew.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=CEWBAWList&Reg_evt_key=b70c321f-d7c7-4891-96e9-cbe19a3eff63#SCENT%20:%20Women's%20Scent%20Mass |title=CEW Beauty Award Winners List |year=2010 |work=Cosmetic Executive Women |access-date=June 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705034633/https://www.cew.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=CEWBAWList&Reg_evt_key=b70c321f-d7c7-4891-96e9-cbe19a3eff63#SCENT%20:%20Women's%20Scent%20Mass |archive-date=July 5, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="usatodaybarker">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/fashion/2008-03-04-lavigne-kohls_N.htm |title=Lavigne pins name to clothes line her own Abbey Dawn, for Kohl's |last=Barker |first=Olivia |date=March 5, 2008 |work=USA Today |access-date=June 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429072012/http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/fashion/2008-03-04-lavigne-kohls_N.htm |archive-date=April 29, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="concordiensis">{{cite web |url=http://media.www.concordy.com/media/storage/paper858/news/2006/04/20/News/Gusters.Adam.Gardner.Sits.Down.With.The.Concordy-1863855.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827042342/http://media.www.concordy.com/media/storage/paper858/news/2006/04/20/News/Gusters.Adam.Gardner.Sits.Down.With.The.Concordy-1863855.shtml |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |title=Guster's Adam Gardner sits down with the Concordy |last=Curiel |first=Nat |date=April 20, 2006 |work=[[Concordiensis]] |access-date=June 3, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="maxim2008">{{cite journal |last=Prato |first=Alison |date=March 2008 |title=Pretty in Punk |journal=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]] |issue=123 |pages=82–87}}</ref><ref name="independentrose">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/watch-avril-lavignes-fragrance-commercial-1991146.html |title=Watch: Avril Lavigne's fragrance commercial |date=June 4, 2010 |work=The Independent |location=UK |access-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608095813/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/watch-avril-lavignes-fragrance-commercial-1991146.html |archive-date=June 8, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="rosecommercial">{{cite video |people=Lavigne, Avril (herself) |date=June 2010 |title=Forbidden Rose commercial |url=http://www.avril-lavigne-perfumes.com/teaser.aspx |medium=Streaming video |publisher=[[Procter & Gamble]] |access-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605031916/http://www.avril-lavigne-perfumes.com/teaser.aspx |archive-date=June 5, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="2dayfm">{{cite web |url=http://www.2dayfm.com.au/entertainment/music/popbuzz//blog/avrils-got-a-forbidden-rose/20100316-7szo.html |title=Avril Lavigne's "Forbidden Rose", "Black Star" News |date=March 16, 2010 |work=[[2Day FM]] |access-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309164046/http://www.2dayfm.com.au/entertainment/music/popbuzz/blog/avrils-got-a-forbidden-rose/20100316-7szo.html |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="wakeupvideo">{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/06/04/avril-lavigne-debut/ |title=Avril Lavigne Drops Her Debut: Wake-Up Video |last=Anderson |first=Kyle |date=June 4, 2010 |publisher=MTV |access-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607215706/http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/06/04/avril-lavigne-debut/ |archive-date=June 7, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="canoemcqueen">{{cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/L/Lavigne_Avril/2003/02/09/746834.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206033901/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/L/Lavigne_Avril/2003/02/09/746834.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=December 6, 2012 |title=Avril's wild ride to stardom |last=McQueen |first=Ann Marie |work=[[Canadian Online Explorer]] |access-date=June 8, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="canadianpress">{{cite web |url=http://montreal.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20020603/ctvnews869776?hub=MontrealHome949 |title=Cdn. teen Avril Lavigne climbing the pop charts |date=June 3, 2002 |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |access-date=June 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090553/http://montreal.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20020603/ctvnews869776?hub=MontrealHome949 |archive-date=May 1, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="mtvdowney">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1471697/20030505/metallica.jhtml |title=Avril, Snoop Dogg, Lisa Marie Presley Bow Down To Metallica |last=Downey |first=Ryan J. |author2=Iann Robinson |date=May 5, 2003 |publisher=MTV |access-date=June 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425200200/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1471697/20030505/metallica.jhtml |archive-date=April 25, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="mtvbrodytattoo">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643100/20100707/lavigne_avril.jhtml |title=Avril Lavigne, Brody Jenner Tattoo Their Names on Each Other |date=July 7, 2010 |publisher=MTV |access-date=July 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709021915/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1643100/20100707/lavigne_avril.jhtml |archive-date=July 9, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="kingstonhart">{{cite news |title=Avril Lavigne Back in the Studio, Has Strep Throat |first=Courtney |last=Hart |newspaper=Kingston Herald |date=August 13, 2010 |url=http://kingstonherald.com/entertainment/avril-lavigne-in-studio-has-strep-throat-201031750/ |access-date=August 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817233633/http://kingstonherald.com/entertainment/avril-lavigne-in-studio-has-strep-throat-201031750 |archive-date=August 17, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="foundation">{{cite web |url=http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/ |title=The Avril Lavigne Foundation |publisher=Theavrillavignefoundation.org |access-date=September 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917113501/http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/ |archive-date=September 17, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="partners">{{cite web |url=http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/partners |title=The Avril Lavigne Foundation: Partners |publisher=Theavrillavignefoundation.org |access-date=September 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918110459/http://www.theavrillavignefoundation.org/partners |archive-date=September 18, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="torinogames">{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/avril-lavigne-to-feature-in-closing-of-torino-games-1.611731 |title=Avril Lavigne to feature in closing of Torino Games |date=January 16, 2006 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |access-date=September 29, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514010723/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/16/avril-torino.html |archive-date=May 14, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="patch">{{cite news |url=http://www.thekelownadailycourier.com/stories_entertainment.php?id=303261 |title=Nettwerk battles through losses |last=Patch |first=Nick |date=October 18, 2010 |agency=The Canadian Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427030228/http://www.thekelownadailycourier.com/stories_entertainment.php?id=303261 |archive-date=April 27, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="celebri">{{cite web |url=http://celebrifi.com/gossip/Various-Artists-Wavin-Flag-Young-Artists-For-Haiti-1817358.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110430011843/http://celebrifi.com/gossip/Various-Artists-Wavin-Flag-Young-Artists-For-Haiti-1817358.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 30, 2011 |title=Various Artists – Wavin Flag (Young Artists For Haiti) |date=March 12, 2010 |publisher=Celebrifi.com |access-date=November 7, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="digitalspy">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a279547/rihanna-samples-avril-lavigne-on-lp.htm| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211021/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a279547/rihanna-samples-avril-lavigne-on-lp.htm| archive-date=October 21, 2021 |title=Rihanna 'samples Avril Lavigne on LP' |first=Robert |last=Copsey |date=September 30, 2010 |work=Digital Spy |access-date=November 7, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

<ref name="artistdirect">{{cite web |url=http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/rihanna-samples-avril-lavigne-on-loud/7709017 |title=Rihanna Samples Avril Lavigne on "Loud" |date=October 21, 2010 |first=Amy |last=Sciarretto |work=[[Artistdirect]] |access-date=November 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022123420/http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/rihanna-samples-avril-lavigne-on-loud/7709017 |archive-date=October 22, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

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<ref name="divorce">{{cite news |title=Avril Lavigne's Divorce Approved, Free to Get More Brody Jenner Tattoos |publisher=[[E!]] |date=November 17, 2010 |last=Garvey |first=Marianne |url=https://au.eonline.com/uberblog/b211858_avril_lavignes_divorce_approved_free.html |access-date=November 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825100353/http://www.eonline.com/news/avril_lavignes_divorce_approved_free/211858 |archive-date=August 25, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="celebphil">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-ca-celebrity-charity-20101114,0,3718442.story?page=1 |title=Celebrities hire philanthropy consultants to guide their giving |date=November 14, 2010 |first=Harriet |last=Ryan |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=December 3, 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="salva">{{cite web |url=http://lastheplace.com/2008/03/02/avril-lavignes-the-best-damn-thing-on-rca-records/ |title=Avril Lavigne's "The Best Damn Thing" on RCA records |last=Salva |first=Susie |date=March 6, 2008 |publisher=LAsThePlace.com |access-date=January 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310032230/http://lastheplace.com/2008/03/02/avril-lavignes-the-best-damn-thing-on-rca-records/ |archive-date=March 10, 2008 }}</ref>

<ref name="tracy">{{cite book |last=Tracy |first=Kathleen |title=Avril Lavigne |edition=1st |series=Blue Banner Biographies |year=2005 |publisher=Mitchell Lane Publishers |location=Delaware |isbn=1-58415-314-8 |page=5 |chapter=Chapter 1: A Dream Duet}}</ref><ref name="nmefifth">{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/news/avril-lavigne/57443 |title=Avril Lavigne starts work on new album |date=June 20, 2011 |work=[[NME]] |access-date=June 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825103042/http://www.nme.com/news/avril-lavigne/57443 |archive-date=August 25, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="corner">{{cite web |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a325773/avril-lavigne-ive-started-work-on-new-pop-album.html |title=Avril Lavigne: 'I've started work on new pop album' |last=Corner |first=Lewis |date=June 20, 2011 |work=Digital Spy |access-date=June 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622035245/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a325773/avril-lavigne-ive-started-work-on-new-pop-album.html |archive-date=June 22, 2011 }}</ref>

<ref name="daw">{{cite web |url=http://idolator.com/5908252/avril-lavigne-more-fun-pop-album-soon |title=Avril Lavigne Wants To Release 'More Fun' |last=Daw |first=Robbie |date=June 20, 2011 |work=Idolator |access-date=June 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103111341/http://idolator.com/5908252/avril-lavigne-more-fun-pop-album-soon |archive-date=January 3, 2013 }}</ref>

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<ref name="fragrantica">{{cite web |url=http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Avril-Lavigne/Wild-Rose-12769.html |title=Wild Rose Avril Lavigne for women |publisher=Fragrantica.com |access-date=September 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907012032/http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Avril-Lavigne/Wild-Rose-12769.html |archive-date=September 7, 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name=cornerds>{{cite web |last=Corner |first=Lewis |title=Avril Lavigne announces new single 'Here's To Never Growing Up' |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a457271/avril-lavigne-announces-new-single-heres-to-never-growing-up.html |work=Digital Spy |date=February 8, 2013 |access-date=February 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211054355/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a457271/avril-lavigne-announces-new-single-heres-to-never-growing-up.html |archive-date=February 11, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

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<ref name=seacrestpart2wedding>{{cite AV media |people=Seacrest, Ryan (host); Avril Lavigne |date=April 9, 2013 |title=Avril Lavigne & Chad Kroeger Spill Wedding Details Part 2, Interview, On Air with Ryan Seacrest |medium=Radio broadcast [video recording] |location=United States |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLlp2rV9b7Q&t=2m44s |access-date=April 9, 2013 |time=2:44 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905193636/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLlp2rV9b7Q&t=2m44s |archive-date=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name=huffposttattoo>{{cite news | title=Avril Lavigne Engaged: Singer Talks Couple Tattoos, Wedding Plans | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/avril-lavigne-engaged_n_3070718 | first=Erin | last=Migdol |work=[[HuffPost]] | date=April 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413055019/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/12/avril-lavigne-engaged_n_3070718.html | archive-date=April 13, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name=cornerfifth>{{cite web |last=Corner |first=Lewis |title=Avril Lavigne new album scheduled for September? |url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a476002/avril-lavigne-new-album-scheduled-for-september.html |work=Digital Spy |access-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202510/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a476002/avril-lavigne-new-album-scheduled-for-september.html |archive-date=May 16, 2013 |date=April 24, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name=chestang>{{cite web |last=Chestang |first=Raphael |title=How Well Does Avril Lavigne Know Nickelback? |url=http://www.etonline.com/music/133260_How_Well_Does_Avril_Lavigne_Know_Nickelback/ |publisher=E! |access-date=April 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427045709/http://www.etonline.com/music/133260_How_Well_Does_Avril_Lavigne_Know_Nickelback/ |archive-date=April 27, 2013 |date=April 23, 2013 }}</ref>
</references>

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Sirmur State

2026-03-17T02:44:02Z

3muhammed4: small improve lead per sources and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|Princely state of India}}
{{For|the district in Himachal Pradesh|Sirmaur district}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
| conventional_long_name = Sirmaur State Sirmoor State Nahan State
| common_name = Sirmur
| nation = [[British India]]
| subdivision = [[Princely State]]
| capital = Nahan
| era =
| year_start = 1095
| date_start =
| event_start =
| year_end = 1948
| date_end =
| event_end = [[Independence of India]]
| event1 =
| date_event1 =
| p1 =
| s1 = India
| flag_p1 =
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| image_flag =
| image_coat = Sirmur State CoA.png
| image_map = Urdu map of Sirmur State.jpg
| image_map_caption = Urdu map of Sirmur State
| stat_area1 = 4039
| stat_year1 = [[1901 Census of India]]
| stat_pop1 = 135,626
| footnotes = {{cite book
| title = Gazetteer of the Sirmur State
| publisher = Indus Publishing
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| year = 1996
| isbn = 978-81-7387-056-9
| oclc = 41357468}}
| today = [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| image_map2 = Punjab-Districts 1911.png
| image_map2_caption = Sirmur State in a 1911 map of Punjab
}}
[[File:Indian - Portrait of Kirat Prakash of Sirmur - Walters W898.jpg|thumb|250 px|Portrait of Maharaja Kirat Prakash of Sirmur. Late 18th century.]]
[[File:The Fort of Nahan, c.1850.jpg|right|thumb|250 px|The Fort of Nahan, the capital of princely-state of [[Sirmur]]]]
[[File:NahanStamp1800s.jpg|right|thumb|Stamp of Sirmour in 1800s]]
'''Sirmur''' (also spelled as '''Sirmor''', '''Sirmaur''', '''Sirmour''', or '''Sirmoor''') was a [[princely state of India]], located in the region that is now the [[Sirmaur district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. The state was also known as '''Nahan''', after its main city, [[Nahan]]. The state ranked predominant amongst the [[Punjab Hill States]]. It had an area of 4,039 km2 and a revenue of 300,000 rupees in 1891.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

==History==

=== Origin ===
According to Mian Goverdhan Singh in ''Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh'', the principality of Sirmaur was founded in the 7th to 8th century by Maharaja of [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]], and Rathore noble.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Mian Goverdhan |title=Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=1999 |isbn=9788173870941 |pages=48–49}}</ref>

=== Nahan State ===
[[Nahan]], the predecessor state of Sirmur, was founded by Soba Rawal in 1095 AD who assumed the name Raja Subans Prakash.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Near the end of the 12th century in the year 1195, a flood of the [[Giri River]] destroyed the old capital of Sirmaur-Tal, which killed Raja Ugar Chand.<ref name=":0" /> A ruler of [[Jaisalmer]], Raja Salivahana, thought this was an opportune time to attack the state as it was in a state of disarray due to the natural disaster and death of its ruler, so he sent his son Sobha to conquer the state.<ref name=":0" /> The attack was successful and a new dynasty headed by [[Bhati]] Rajputs was established.<ref name=":0" /> Sirmur was invaded by invader [[Jasrat|Jasrath]]'s army, who also invaded fragments of Punjab and Jammu.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ayyappa |last=Panikkar|author-link= Ayyappa Panikkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA73 |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 |language=en|page=72}}</ref>

=== Sirmur State ===

Eventually in 1621 Karm Parkash founded [[Nahan]], the modern capital.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Sen Negi |first=Thakur |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3089 |title=Himachal Pradesh District Gazetteers: Sirmur |date= |publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh |year=1969 |page= |pages=52–54}}</ref>
Budh Parkãsh, the next ruler, recovered [[Pinjore|Pinjaur]] for [[Aurangzeb]]’s foster-brother.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} Raja Mit Parkãsh gave an asylum to the Sikh Guru, [[Gobind Singh]], permitting him to fortify [[Paonta]] in the Kiarda Dun; and it was at Bhangani in the Dun that the Guru defeated the Rajäs of Kahlur and Garhwäl in 1688.<ref name=":1" /> But in 1710 Kirat Parkãsh, after defeating the Räja of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], captured Naraingarh, Morni, Pinjaur, and other territories from the Sikhs, and concluded an alliance with [[Amar Singh of Patiala|Amar Singh]], [[Maharaja of Patiala|Raja of Patiala]], whom he aided in suppressing his rebellious Wazir; and he also fought in alliance with the Raja of Kahlür when [[Ghulam Kadir|Ghuläm Kãdir Khan]], Rohilla, invaded that State.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Sen Negi |first=Thakur |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3089 |title=Himachal Pradesh District Gazetteers: Sirmur |date= |publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh |year=1969 |page= |pages=55–57}}</ref>

[[File:Painting of a panoramic view of pilgrims visiting holy sites at the Shivalik Hills near Sirmaur, Jodhpur, 1824.jpg|thumb|Painting of a panoramic view of pilgrims visiting holy sites at the Shivalik Hills near Sirmaur, Jodhpur, 1824]]

==Rulers==
The rulers of Sirmur bore the title "[[Maharaja]]" from 1911 onward {{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
!Portrait
! Ruled from
! Ruled until
!Citation
|-
| Subhansh Prakash
|
| 1095
| 1099
|
|-
| Mahe Prakash
|
| 1099
| 1117
|
|-
| Udit Prakash
|
| 1117
|1127
|
|-
| Kaul Prakash
|
| 1127
| 1153
|
|-
| Sumer Prakash
|
| 1153
| 1188
|
|-
| Suraj Prakash
|
| 1188
| 1254
|
|-
| Bhagat Prakash I
|
| 1254
| 1336
|
|-
| Jagat Prakash
|
| 1336
| 1388
|
|-
| Bir Prakash
|
| 1388
| 1398
|
|-
| Naket Prakash
|
| 1398
| 1398
|
|-
| Ratna Prakash
|
| 1398
| 1413
|
|-
| Garv Prakash
|
| 1413
| 1432
|
|-
| Brahm Prakash
|
| 1432
| 1446
|
|-
| Hams Prakash
|
| 1446
| 1471
|
|-
| Bhagat Prakash II
|
| 1471
| 1538
|
|-
| Dharam Prakash
|
| 1538
| 1570
|
|-
| Deep Prakash
|
| 1570
| 1585
|
|-
| Budh Prakash
|
| 1605
| 1615
|
|-
| Bhagat Prakash III
|
| 1615
| 1620
|
|-
| Karam Prakash I
|[[File:Raja Karam Pragash of Sirmur (1616-30) with his son and two nobles (6124585105).jpg|150x150px]]
| 1621
| 1630
|
|-
| Mandhata Prakash
|[[File:Painting of Raja Mandhata Prakash of Sirmur State, Punjab Hills, possibly Bilaspur, ca.1720.jpg|203x203px]]
| 1630
| 1654
|
|-
| Sobhag Prakash
|
| 1654
| 1664
|
|-
| Budh Prakash
|
| 1664
| 1684
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Archer |first=William George |title=Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills |publisher=Sotheby Parke Bernet |year=1973 |isbn=9780856670022 |series=Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills: A Survey and History of Pahari Miniature Painting |volume=1 |pages=414}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mat Prakash]]
|
| 1684
| 1704
|<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13"/>
|-
| Hari Prakash
|
| 1704
| 1712
|<ref name=":13"/>
|-
| Bijay Prakash
|
| 1712
| 1736
|
|-
| Pratap Prakash
|
| 1736
| 1754
|
|-
| Kirat Prakash
|[[File:Painting of Raja Kirat Prakash of Sirmur State, Guler, ca.1765–70 (detail).jpg|156x156px]]
| 1754
| 1770
|
|-
| Jagat Prakash
|[[File:Painting of Raja Jagat Prakash of Sirmur State worshipping Rama and Sita, ca.1790.jpg|206x206px]]
| 1770
| 1789
|
|-
| Dharam Prakash
|
| 1789
| 1793
|
|-
| Karam Prakash II (died 1820)
|
| 1793
| 1803
|
|-
| Ratan Prakash (installed by [[Gurkha]]s, hanged by the [[British India|British]] in 1804)
|
| 1803
| 1804
|
|-
| Karma Prakash II (died 1820)
|
| 1804
| 1815
|
|-
| Fateh Prakash
|[[File:Detail of Raja Fateh Prakash of Sirmur, from a painting of Lord Auckland receiving the Raja of Nahan in Durbar, by Emily Eden, watercolour, 1844 (cropped).jpg|150x150px]]
| 1815
| 1850
|
|-
| Raghbir Prakash
|
| 1850
| 1856
|
|-
| Shamsher Prakash
|[[File:Painting of Raja Shamsher Prakash of Simur State with the Rani of Simur and his son Surendra Prakash, Simur, ca.1869.jpg|150x150px]]
| 1856
| 1898
|
|-
| [[Surendra Bikram Prakash]]
|[[File:Portrait of Raja Surendra Bikram Prakash of Sirmur State, published in 'The Panjab, North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir' (1916).jpg|166x166px]]
| 1898
| 1911
|
|-
| [[Amar Prakash]]
|
| 1911
| 1933
|
|-
| [[Rajendra Prakash]]
|
| 1933
| 1947
|
|-
|[[Lakshraj Prakash]]
|
|2013
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=Royal |date=2025-07-26 |title=Sirmur (Princely State) |url=https://oroyalarchives.com/sirmur/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Royal Archives |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-15 |title=9-year-old Jaipur prince becomes Maharaja of Sirmaur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/9-year-old-jaipur-prince-becomes-maharaja-of-sirmaur-163173-2013-05-14 |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Sirmur State ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]] group
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I–VIII, X–XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=30 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |pages=42}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 128,478
| {{Percentage | 128478 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 130,276
| {{Percentage | 130276 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 132,431
| {{Percentage | 132431 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 139,031
| {{Percentage | 139031 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 146,199
| {{Percentage | 146199 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 6,414
| {{Percentage | 6414 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 6,016
| {{Percentage | 6016 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 6,449
| {{Percentage | 6449 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 7,020
| {{Percentage | 7020 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 7,374
| {{Percentage | 7374 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 688
| {{Percentage | 688 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 2,142
| {{Percentage | 2142 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 1,449
| {{Percentage | 1449 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 2,413
| {{Percentage | 2413 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 2,334
| {{Percentage | 2334 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 61
| {{Percentage | 61 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 65
| {{Percentage | 65 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 52
| {{Percentage | 52 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 81
| {{Percentage | 81 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 46
| {{Percentage | 46 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 37
| {{Percentage | 37 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 44
| {{Percentage | 44 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 52
| {{Percentage | 52 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 38
| {{Percentage | 38 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 10
| {{Percentage | 10 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 135687 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 138520 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 140448 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 148568 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 156026 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 135,687
! {{Percentage | 135687 | 135687 | 2 }}
! 138,520
! {{Percentage | 138520 | 138520 | 2 }}
! 140,448
! {{Percentage | 140448 | 140448 | 2 }}
! 148,568
! {{Percentage | 148568 | 148568 | 2 }}
! 156,026
! {{Percentage | 156026 | 156026 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="11" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}

== Artwork ==
[[File:Fresco depicting a Devi Mahatmya scene from Indic mythology from a Shiva temple located in Nahan, painted during the reign of Sirmur State (3).png|thumb|Fresco depicting a [[Devi Mahatmya]] scene from [[Hindu mythology|Indic mythology]] from a Shiva temple located in Nahan, painted during the reign of Sirmur State]]
Not many paintings depicting the historical rajas of Sirmur State have survived due to the Gurkha occupation of the state between 1803 and 1814, which led to the loss and destruction of much artwork, including any portraits of earlier rulers produced in Sirmur itself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Plumbly |first=Sara |date=2020 |title=RAJA JAGAT PRAKASH OF SIRMUR (R.1770-89) WORSHIPPING RAMA AND SITA |url=https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6282154 |access-date=23 October 2024 |website=Christie's |quote=Very few portraits of Sirmur rulers remain as the Gurkha occupation of the state in 1803-14 is thought to have destroyed any earlier paintings.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Galloway |first=Francesca |url=https://francescagalloway.com/usr/documents/exhibitions/list_of_works_url/27/seitz-online.pdf |title=Pahari Paintings From the Eva and Konrad Seitz Collection |publisher=www.francescagalloway.com |pages=48}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kanwar Ranjhor |title=Tarikh-i-Riyasat Sirmaur |year=1912 |language=fa |trans-title=History of Sirmaur State}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sirmaur district]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:1095 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Princely states of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sirmur State]]

Noori Masjid

2026-03-16T14:13:31Z

3muhammed4: starting a data

{{Short description|Mosque in Patna, Bihar}}
{{Infobox mosque
| name = Noori Masjid
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| map_type = Patna
| location = Madarsa Shamsul Huda, [[Ashok Rajpath]]/[[Bari Path]], [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]
| municipality = [[Patna Municipal Corporation]]
| district = [[Patna district]]
| state = [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| type = [[Mosque]]
| founded_by = Syed Noorul Huda
}}

'''Noori Masjid''' is a mosque under Madarsa Islamiya Shamsul Huda, Patna in Bihar. The mosque is located between [[Bari Path]] and [[Ashok Rajpath]] near [[Patna Science College|Science College, Patna]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noori Masjid - Religious Place - Patna |url=https://wego.here.com/india/patna/religious-place/noori-masjid--356jx7ps-637d82e85ec6029b598c08af2c268edc |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=HERE WeGo |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-03 |title='नूरी मस्जिद' से बिहार में ऑपरेट होता है तबलीगी जमात का नेटवर्क, गृह मंत्रालय ने कराया बंद |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-noori-masjid-is-bihar-center-of-tabligi-jamaat-closed-by-home-ministry-bras-brvj-2983066.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पटना के नूरी मस्जिद में भी गए थे मोकामा के पकड़े गए तब्लीगी |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-mokama-chr39-s-tabligi-caught-in-patna-chr39-s-noori-mosque-too-20178726.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=बड़ा खुलासा:पटना का 'नूरी मस्जिद' तबलीगी जमात का है मरकज,गृह मंत्रालय के आदेश पर मार दिया गया ताला |url=https://news4nation.com/news/big-disclosure-patna-s-noori-masjid-is-of-the-tabligi-jamaat-the-lock-was-killed-on-the-orders-of-the-ministry-of-home-affairs-618852 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=news4nation.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ईद पर गांधी मैदान में जुटेंगे 40 हजार नमाजी, जानिए, पटना में कब-कहां होगी नमाज |url=https://www.hindi.awazthevoice.in/india-news/thousand-Namazis-will-gather-at-Gandhi-Maidan-on-Eid-know-when-and-where-Namaz-will-be-held-in-Patna-16444.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.hindi.awazthevoice.in |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220195912/https://www.hindi.awazthevoice.in/india-news/thousand-Namazis-will-gather-at-Gandhi-Maidan-on-Eid-know-when-and-where-Namaz-will-be-held-in-Patna-16444.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-07-15 |title=देश विरोधी गतिविधियों में नामजद दो और गिरफ्तार, जब्त कागजात व मोबाइल के आधार पर हुई पूछताछ |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/bihar/fourth-arrest-in-the-case-of-involvement-in-anti-national-activities-in-patna-akhlaq-arrested-from-phulwari-sharif-on-friday-ann-2168683 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>

It was named after Syed Noorul Huda, who donated his land for both the madrasa (seminary) and the mosque.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Muslims of India |user=WeIndianMuslims |number=1269655685387694087 |date=2020-06-07 |title=Tribute to Justice Syed Noorul Hoda (1854-1935) on his Death Anniversary. He was the founder of Madrasa Shamsul Hoda & Patna University, Bihar. #Bihar #Patna #Madarsa #PatnaUniversity https://t.co/8FnPnTZHIK |language=en |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220200613/https://twitter.com/weindianmuslims/status/1269655685387694087 |archive-date=2022-12-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Md Umar |date=2022-04-19 |title=सर मुहम्मद फ़ख़्रुद्दीन, बिहार का सबसे बड़ा नायक |url=https://www.heritagetimes.in/sir-muhammad-fakhruddin-icon-of-bihar/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Heritage Times |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329171634/https://www.heritagetimes.in/sir-muhammad-fakhruddin-icon-of-bihar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=zakir.hussain |date=2021-06-07 |title=आज जस्टिस सैयद नुरूल होदा की पुण्यतिथी है. आप आज ही के दिन 7 जून 1935 को इस दुनिया को अलविदा कह गए थे. |url=https://www.mmarathi.com/आम्ही-कोण/today-is-the-death-anniversary-of-justice-syed-nurul-hoda-you-said-goodbye-to-this-world-on-this-very-day-june-7-1935-918728 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.mmarathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Raza |first1=Syed |last2=kumar |first2=Subodh |title=The Muslim Elite of Bihar and Their Responses to the Modern Education (From the Mid of the 19Th Century to the Beginning of the 20Th Century) |date=2011 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44146779 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=72 |pages=884–891 |jstor=44146779 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.97111 |title=Patna University Calendar 1937-38 |date=1938}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Nilanjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=awCeEAAAQBAJ&dq=syed+nurul+hoda+patna&pg=PT107 |title=Beyond the Madrasa: Muslim Communities and Educational Institutes in India Today |date=2022-12-30 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-80130-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bihar}}
{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:Mosques in Bihar]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Patna]]

{{India-mosque-stub}}

Bhootnath Road

2026-03-15T16:52:36Z

3muhammed4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhootnath Road
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Bhootnath Road signboard.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Signboard identifying Bhootnath link path
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Patna
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Patna, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|35|57|N|85|10|31|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Spoken
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Magadhi language|Magadhi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 800026
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning agency]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Patna Metropolitan Region|PMRA]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Patna Municipal Corporation|PMC]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''''Bhootnath Road''''' is a prominent thoroughfare in eastern [[Patna]], Bihar, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-18/patna/29673569_1_underpasses-service-lane-new-road |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906131723/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-18/patna/29673569_1_underpasses-service-lane-new-road |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2011 |title=Patna-Bakhtiyarpur Road work to start in Sept|date=18 June 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref> It connects the Old Bypass Road (Kankarbagh main road) to the New Bypass Road (NH-30), serving as a vital link between older residential zones and newer urban developments. The road passes through the Bahadurpur Housing Colony, a well-established residential neighbourhood, and is also located near the Patna Doordarshan TV Tower, a notable local landmark. The area is served by Agamkuan Police Station under [[Patna Police]]<ref>{{cite news |title=EOU raids senior engr’s residence, seizes Rs52 lakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/eou-raids-senior-engrs-residence-seizes-rs52-lakh/articleshow/123460279.cms |access-date=6 October 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 2025}}</ref> and B H Colony [[Post Office]].

==Transport and Connectivity==
The area surrounding Bhootnath Road is densely populated and features a mixture of residential complexes, educational institutions, and commercial establishments. It is well-integrated into Patna’s public transport network, with frequent access to city buses, auto-rickshaws, and shared transport services.

The {{stl|Patna Metro|Bhootnath}} Station, part of the [[Blue Line (Patna Metro)|Blue Line]] of the [[Patna Metro]], is the nearest metro access point, enhancing connectivity for daily commuters and residents. [[Rajendra Nagar Terminal]], one of Patna’s major railway stations, is located approximately 3 kilometers from the northern end of Bhoothnath Road. Gulzarbagh Railway Station, a smaller local station, is also situated nearby but does not serve as a major transit hub. The [[Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport]] is located about 10 kilometers from the same northern end, offering air connectivity to domestic and international destinations.

[[File:Kumhrar patna.jpg|thumb|left|Kumhrar park's museum, where the old artifacts taken out of the excavation of old historical Maurya [[Pataliputra]] of ancient time are preserved.]]

==Major landmarks==
*[[NMCH]]
*[[Super 30]]
*[[Litera Valley School]]

==Localities==
Famous areas in Bhootnath road include:
* [[Kumhrar]]
* Mundrikayan

==Education institutions==
In the past decade, the Bazar Samiti area has emerged as a popular coaching destination for competitive exams preparation, which is near to bhootnath road. The area attracts thousands of students every year from its state and other neighbouring states to prepare primarily for the [[IIT-JEE]]. [[Super 30]], Asia's one of the top institute is located near bhootnath road.<ref>{{cite web|author=Patna |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/69464/math-whiz-super-30-time.html |title=Math whiz' Super 30 in Time list |publisher=Deccanherald.com |date=20 April 2011 |accessdate=14 November 2013}}</ref>

* [[Litera Valley School, Patna]]
* Dr. G.L. Dutta D.A.V. Public School, Transport Nagar
* [[St. Joseph's High School, Patna]]
* [[Nalanda Medical College and Hospital]]
* Alokit Public School
* Shivam Convent
* Sindu Public School

==See also==
* [[Kumhrar]]
* [[Kankarbagh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Patna}}
[[Category:Roads in Bihar]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Patna]]

Silpa Chakrapani Reddy

2026-03-15T05:43:22Z

3muhammed4: added new article from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Silpa Chakrapani Reddy
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1965
| birth_place = [[Atmakur, Nandyal district|Atmakur]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| years_active = 2014-present
| father = Singareddy Chenna Reddy
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
}}
'''Silpa Chakrapani Reddy''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is an MLA of [[YSR Congress Party]] from [[Srisailam Assembly constituency]] in [[Kurnool district]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Srisailam Assembly Election 2024: Srisailam Election Winning Candidates List, Election Date, Results, Vote Share New-IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/srisailam-constituency-result-1135 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is nominated by YSRCP to contest the Srisailam seat in the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024 Assembly Election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=నామినేషన్ దాఖలు చేసిన శిల్పా చక్రపాణిరెడ్డి {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/video/news-videos/shilpa-chakrapani-reddy-files-nomination-2029426 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy was born in [[Atmakur, Nandyal district|Atmakur]] town, in the erstwhile [[Kurnool district]], which is renamed as Nandyal district in 2022. His father's name is Singareddy Chenna Reddy. He completed intermediate, the pre university course, from Government Junior College, [[Koilakuntla|Koilkuntla]], Kurnool district in 1982. He runs his own business.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-19 |title=Silpa Chakrapani Reddy {{!}} MLA {{!}} Srisailam {{!}} Kurnool {{!}} Andhra Pradesh |url=https://theleaderspage.com/silpa-chakrapani-reddy/ |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started his political career with [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He lost the [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014 Andhra pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from Srisailam Assembly constituency on TDP ticket. Later, he was elected as MLC, but resigned the post and quit TDP.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-02 |title=Silpa Chakrapani Reddy quits TDP, cites 'humiliation' as reason |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/silpa-chakrapani-reddy-quits-tdp-cites-humiliation-as-reason/article19410389.ece |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-04 |title=Chakrapani gives up MLC post, joins YSRC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/chakrapani-gives-up-mlc-post-joins-ysrc/articleshow/59909428.cms |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gandhi |first=Koppara |date=2024-05-25 |title=Botcha confident of Jagan being sworn-in as CM on June 9 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/botcha-confident-of-jagan-being-sworn-in-as-cm-on-june-9-880667 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, he joined [[YSR Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-03 |title=Chakrapani joins YSRCP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chakrapani-joins-ysrcp/article19421759.ece |access-date=2024-05-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] on YSRCP ticket defeating Budda Rajasekhara Reddy of [[Telugu Desam Party]] by a margin of 38,698 votes.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kurnool district]]

Mir Taqi Mir

2026-02-22T00:42:06Z

3muhammed4: reworked formatting additionally and added references to improve readability

{{short description|Indian poet (1723–1810)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mir Taqi Mir
| image = Mir Taqi Mir 1786.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Mir Taqi Mir in 1786
| birth_date = February 1723
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[Agra Subah]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]] {{small|(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)}}
| death_date = 20 September 1810 (aged 87)
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[Oudh State|Oudh Subah]], Mughal India {{small|(present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)}}
| resting_place = Lucknow
| occupation = Poet
| era = [[Mughal India]]
| notable_works = {{ubl|
|''Faez-é-Mīr''
|''Zikr-é-Mīr''
|''Nikat-ush-Shuarā''
|''Kuliyāt-é-Fārsī''
''Kuliyāt-é-Mīr''
}}
}}
{{Urdu literature}}
{{Contains special characters|Urdu}}
'''Mir Muhammad Taqi''' (February 1723 – 20 September 1810), known as '''Mir Taqi Mir''' (also spelled '''Meer Taqi Meer'''), was an [[Urdu poetry|Urdu poet]] of the 18th-century [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]] and one of the pioneers who gave shape to the [[Urdu]] language itself. He was one of the principal poets of the [[Delhi]] School of the Urdu ''[[ghazal]]'' and is often remembered as one of the best poets of the Urdu language. His [[pen name]] (''[[takhallus]]'') was Mir. He spent the latter part of his life in the court of [[Asaf-ud-Daulah]] in [[Lucknow]].<ref name=HT>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/sept20-meerbirthday/story-AhLZW0eOZ4fZNYnDMNUSBL.html |title=Meer Taqi Meer: 10 couplets we can use in our conversations |author=Sweta Kaushal |newspaper=Hindustan Times (newspaper)|date=20 September 2015|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>

His father's name was Meer Muttaqi. Following his father's death, his step-brothers seized control of his inheritance. His (paternal) step-uncle took care of him after he was orphaned, and after the death of his step-uncle, his maternal step-uncle took care of him. The signature of his poetry is the grief he expresses. His poetry expresses much grief and distress over the downfall of his city, Delhi.

==Life==
The main source of information on Mir's life is his autobiography ''Zikr-e-Mir'', which covers the period from his childhood to the beginning of his sojourn in [[Lucknow]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Naim|first=C M|title=Zikr-i-Mir, The Autobiography of the Eighteenth Century Mughal Poet: Mir Muhammad Taqi Mir (1725–1810), Translated, annotated and with an introduction by C. M. Naim|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi}}</ref> However, it is said to conceal more than it reveals,{{sfn|Faruqi|2001}} with material that is undated or presented in no chronological sequence. Therefore, many of the 'true details' of Mir's life remain a matter of speculation.

=== Early life and background ===
Mir was born in [[Agra]], India (then called ''Akbarabad'' and ruled by the [[Mughals]]) in August or February 1723.<ref name="HT" /> His grandfather had migrated from [[Hejaz]] to Hyderabad, then to Akbarabad or Agra. His philosophy of life was formed primarily by his father, Mir Abdullah, a religious man with a large following, whose emphasis on the importance of love and the value of compassion remained with Mir throughout his life and imbued his poetry. Mir's father died while the poet was in his teens, and left him some debt.{{sfn|Islam|Russell|1994|p=235}} Mir left Agra for [[Delhi]] a few years after his father's death, to finish his education and also to find patrons who offered him financial support (Mir's many patrons and his relationship with them have been described by his translator [[C. M. Naim]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Naim|first=C. M.|title=Mir and his patrons|journal=Annual of Urdu Studies|year=1999|volume=14|url=http://www.urdustudies.com/pdf/14/07naimcMirand.pdf}}</ref><ref name="uchicago">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/PK2155.H8413/194220d3.html Profile and poetry of Mir Taqi Mir on University of Chicago website] Retrieved 18 July 2020</ref> He was given a daily allowance by the Mughal Amir-ul-Umara and Mir Bakhshi, [[Khan Dowran VII|Khan-i Dauran]],<ref>{{cite book |title=A Mughal Statesman Of The Eighteenth Century |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date=1973 |page=108 |publisher= Aligarh Muslim University }}</ref> who was another native of Agra.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NXsBAAAAMAAJ&q=khwaja+qasim+dauran |title=A Mughal Statesman of the Eighteenth Century, Khan-i-Dauran, Mir Bakshi of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1739 |page=4 |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |author= Zahiruddin Malik |date=1973 |isbn=978-0-210-40544-4 }}</ref>

Some scholars consider two of Mir's ''masnavis'' (long narrative poems rhymed in couplets), ''Mu'amlat-e-ishq'' (The Stages of Love) and ''Khwab o Khyal-e Mir'' ("Mir's Vision"), written in the first person, as inspired by Mir's early love affairs,{{sfn|Islam|Russell|1994}} but it is by no means clear how autobiographical these accounts of a poet's passionate love affair and descent into madness are. Especially, as Frances W. Pritchett points out, the austere portrait of Mir from these masnavis must be juxtaposed against the picture drawn by Andalib Shadani, whose inquiry suggests a very different poet, given to unabashed [[eroticism]] in his verse.<ref name=columbia2>{{cite web|last=Pritchett|first=Frances W.|title=Convention in the Classical Urdu Ghazal: The Case of Mir|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/published/txt_convention.html|date=1 September 1979|website=Columbia.edu website|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>

=== Life in Lucknow ===
[[File:Mir Taqi Mir, Lucknow, 1800-10.jpg|thumb|Mir Taqi Mir, Lucknow, 1800-10]]
Mir lived much of his life in [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Delhi. ''Kuchha Chelan'', in Old Delhi was his address at that time. However, after [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]]'s sack of Delhi each year starting 1748, he eventually moved to the court of [[Asaf-ud-Daulah]] in [[Lucknow]], at the ruler's invitation. Distressed to witness the plundering of his beloved Delhi, he gave vent to his feelings through some of his couplets.<ref name=uchicago/>

{{nq|''کیا بود و باش پوچھو ہو پورب کے ساکنو ہم کو غریب جان کے ہنس ہنس پکار کے دلّی جو ایک شہر تھا عالم میں انتخاب رہتے تھے منتخب ہی جہاں روزگار کے جس کو فلک نے لوٹ کے ویران کر دیا ہم رہنے والے ہیں اسی اجڑے دیار کے''}}

Mir migrated to Lucknow in 1782 and stayed there for the remainder of his life. Though he was given a kind welcome by Asaf-ud-Daulah, he found that he was considered old-fashioned by the courtiers of Lucknow (Mir, in turn, was contemptuous of the new Lucknow poetry, dismissing the poet Jur'at's work as merely 'kissing and cuddling'). Mir's relationships with his patron gradually grew strained, and he eventually severed his connections with the court. In his last years, Mir was very isolated. His health failed, and the untimely deaths of his daughter, son and wife caused him great distress.<ref>{{cite book|last=Matthews|first=D. J.|title=An anthology of classical Urdu love lyrics|year=1972|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/trent_0116301634360|url-access=registration|quote=Mir.|author2=C. Shackle|isbn=978-0-19-713570-9}}</ref><ref name=uchicago/>

=== Death ===
He died on 21 September 1810 due to an overdose of [[purgative]] or a laxative and was laid to rest in [[Lucknow]].<ref name="ToI">{{Cite news|last=Srivastava|first=Rajiv|date=19 September 2010|title=Legendary Urdu poet Mir Taqi Mir passed away|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/legendary-urdu-poet-mir-taqi-mir-passed-away/articleshow/6581904.cms|url-status=dead|access-date=2 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103122820/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-19/lucknow/28246969_1_nawab-baad-poet|archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref name="uchicago" /> The marker of his burial place is believed to have been removed in modern times when railway tracks were built over his grave.{{sfn|Islam|Russell|1994|p=269}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Age of Kali |last=Dalrymple |first=William |author-link=William Dalrymple (historian)|year=1998 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|isbn=1-86450-172-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/agekaliindiantra00dalr/page/n23 44] |title-link=The Age of Kali }}</ref> In the 1970s, a [[cenotaph]] was built in the vicinity of his actual burial place, helped by [[Maqbool Ahmed Lari]], the founder of Mir Academy in Lucknow.<ref name="ToI"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharda|first=Shailvee|date=2015-05-03|title=Meer to get his due respect back as the government proposes restoration of his mazar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/meer-to-get-his-due-respect-back-as-government-proposes-restoration-of-his-mazar/articleshow/47136110.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001072757/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Meer-to-get-his-due-respect-back-as-government-proposes-restoration-of-his-mazar/articleshow/47136110.cms|archive-date=2016-10-01|access-date=2021-05-29|website=[[The Times of India]]|location=Lucknow|language=en}}</ref>

==Literary life==
His complete works, ''Kulliaat'', consist of six ''Diwans'' containing 13,585 couplets, comprising a variety of poetic forms: ''ghazal'', ''masnavi'', ''qasida'', ''rubai'', ''mustezaad'', satire, etc.<ref name="ToI"/> Mir's literary reputation is anchored on the ''[[ghazal]]s'' in his ''Kulliyat-e-Mir'', many of them on themes of love. His [[masnavi]] ''Mu'amlat-e-Ishq'' (The Stages of Love) is one of the greatest known love poems in [[Urdu literature]].<ref name=columbia2/>

Mir lived at a time when the Urdu language and poetry were at a formative stage – and Mir's instinctive aesthetic sense helped him strike a balance between the indigenous expression and new enrichment coming in from Persian imagery and idiom, to constitute the new elite language known as ''Rekhta'' or ''Hindui''. Basing his language on his native Hindustani, he leavened it with a sprinkling of Persian diction and phraseology, and created a poetic language at once simple, natural and elegant, which was to guide generations of future poets.<ref name=columbia2/>

The death of his family members,<ref name="ToI"/> together with earlier setbacks (including the traumatic stages in Delhi), lend a strong pathos to much of Mir's writing – and indeed Mir is noted for his poetry of pathos and melancholy.<ref name=columbia2/>

According to Mir, Syed Sadaat Ali, a [[Amrohi Syed|Sayyid of Amroha]], convinced him to pursue poetry in Urdu:<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ6fCwAAQBAJ&dq=sayyids+amroha+court&pg=PT223 |title= Delhi:Pages From a Forgotten History |author=Arthur Dudney|date=2015|publisher= Hay House |isbn= 978-93-84544-31-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Life, Times and Poetry of Mir |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=W5yfAgAAQBAJ&dq=syed+amroha+army&pg=PA134 |author=S. R. Sharma · |page=133 |date=2014 |publisher=Partridge Publishing | isbn=978-1-4828-1478-1 }}</ref>

<blockquote>
"A Sayyid from Amroha took the trouble to put me on to writing poetry in the Urdu medium, the verse which resembled Persian poetry. Urdu was the language of Hindustan by the authority of the king and presently it was gaining currency. I worked at it very hard and practised this art to such a degree that I came to be acknowledged by the literari of the city. My verse became well known in the city and reached the ears of the young and old."
</blockquote>

==Mir and Mirza Ghalib==
Mir's famous contemporary, also an Urdu poet of no inconsiderable repute, was [[Mirza Rafi Sauda]]. Mir Taqi Mir was often compared with the later day Urdu poet, [[Mirza Ghalib]]. Lovers of Urdu poetry often debate Mir's supremacy over Ghalib or vice versa. It may be noted that Ghalib himself acknowledged, through some of his couplets, that Mir was indeed a genius who deserved respect. Here are two couplets by Mirza Ghalib on this matter.<ref name=HT/>
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Reekhta ke tum hī ustād nahīṅ ho ğhālib
Kehte haiṅ agle zamāne meṅ koī mīr bhī thā}}
|attr1=[[Mirza Ghalib]]|
You are not the only master of [[Rekhta]], Ghalib
They say there used to be a Mir in the past}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Ghalib apna yeh aqeeda hai baqaul-e-Nasikh
Aap bey behrah hai jo muataqid-e-Mir nahi}}
|attr1=[[Mirza Ghalib]]|
Ghalib! It's my belief in the words of Nasikh<ref>Shaikh Imam Bakhsh Nasikh of Lucknow, a disciple of Mir.</ref>
He that vows not on Mir, is himself unlearned!}}

Ghalib and Zauq were contemporary rivals but both of them believed in the greatness of Mir and also acknowledged Mir's greatness in their poetry.<ref name=HT/>

==Famous couplets==
Some of his notable couplets are:
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Hasti apni habab ki si hai
Yeh numaish ik saraab ki si hai}}<ref name=rekhta>[https://www.rekhta.org/Poets/meer-taqi-meer/all Poetry of Mir Taqi Mir on Rekhta.org website] Retrieved 18 July 2020</ref>
|
My life is like a bubble
This world is like a mirage}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Dikhaai diye yun ki bekhud kiya
Hamein aap se bhi juda kar chale}}
|
She appeared in such a way that I lost myself And went by taking away my 'self' with her
Just her glimpse rendered me numb away she went leaving me separated from me}}

At a higher spiritual level, the subject of Mir's poem is not a woman but God. Mir speaks of man's interaction with the Divine. He reflects upon the impact on man when God reveals Himself to the man. So the same ''[[Sher (poem)|sher]]'' can be interpreted in this way as well:
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Dikhaai diye yun ke bekhud kiya
Hamen aap se bhi juda kar chale}}
|
When I saw You (God) I lost all sense of self
I forgot my own identity}}

Other ''shers'':

{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Gor kis diljale ki hai ye falak?
Shola ek subah yahaan se uthta hai}}
|
What heart-sick sufferer's grave is the sky?
an Ember rises hence at dawn}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Ashk aankhon mein kab nahin aata?
Lahu aata hai jab nahin aata}}
|
From my eye, when doesn't a tear fall?
Blood falls when it doesn't fall}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Bekhudi le gai kahaan humko,
Der se intezaar hai apna}}
|
Where has selflessness taken me
I've been waiting for myself for long}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Raah-e-door-e-ishq mein rotaa hai kyaa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00garden/00c/0071/0071_01.html|title=0071_01}}</ref>
Aage aage dekhiye hotaa hai kyaa}}
|
In the long road of Love, why do you wail
Just wait and watch how things unveil}}

{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Deedani hai shikastagi dil ki
Kya imaarat ghamon ne dhaai hai}}
|
Worth-watching is my heart's crumbling
What a citadel have sorrows razed}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Baad marne ke meri qabr pe aaya wo 'Mir'
Yaad aai mere Isa ko dawa mere baad}}
|
O Mir, he came to my grave after I'd died
My messiah thought of a medicine after I'd died}}
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Mir ke deen-o-mazhab ka poonchte kya ho un nay to
kashka khaincha dair mein baitha kab ka tark Islam kiya}}
|
What can I tell you about Mir's faith or belief?
A tilak on his forehead, in a temple he resides, having abandoned Islam long ago}}

{{Verse translation|
{{lang|ur-Latn|Najane log kehte hain kis ko suroor-e-qalb,
Aya nahin ye lafz to '''Hindi Zuban''' (Urdu) ke beec}}<ref>{{cite web | title=A Historical Perspective of Urdu | National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language | url=https://www.urducouncil.nic.in/council/historical-perspective-urdu | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015162643/https://www.urducouncil.nic.in/council/historical-perspective-urdu | archive-date=15 October 2022 }}</ref>
|
People haven't understood what is pleasure of heart, This term hasn't arrived in Hindi tongue yet}}

==Mir Taqi Mir in fiction==
*[[Khushwant Singh]]'s famous novel ''[[Delhi: A Novel]]'' gives very interesting details about the life and adventures of the great poet.
*''[[Mah e Mir]]'' is a 2016 Pakistani [[biographical film]] directed by [[Anjum Shahzad]] in which [[Fahad Mustafa]] played Mir Taqi Mir.

==Major works==
* ''Nikat-us-Shura'', a biographical dictionary of Urdu poets of his time, written in Persian.<ref name=uchicago/>
* ''Faiz-e-Mir'', a collection of five stories about Sufis & faqirs, said to have been written for the education of his son Mir Faiz Ali.<ref>Foreword by Dr. Masihuzzaman in Kulliyat-e-Mir Vol-2, Published by Ramnarianlal Prahladdas, Allahabad, India.</ref>
* ''Zikr-e-Mir'', an autobiography written in [[Persian language|Persian]].{{sfn|Faruqi|2001}}
* ''Kulliyat-e-Farsi'', a collection of poems in [[Persian language|Persian]]
* ''Kulliyat-e-Mir'', a collection of Urdu poetry consisting of six [[diwan (poetry)|diwans]] (volumes).
* ''Mir Taqi Mir Ki Rubaiyat''

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
*[[List of Urdu poets]]
*[[Ghazal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

*Lall, Inder jit; Mir A Master Poet; Thought, 7 November 1964
*Lall, Inder jit; Mir The ghazal king; Indian & Foreign Review, September 1984
*Lall, Inder jit; Mir—Master of Urdu Ghazal; Patriot, 25 September 1988
*Lall, Inder jit; 'A Mir' of ghazals; Financial Express, 3 November

==Further reading==
* The Anguished Heart: Mir and the Eighteenth Century: 'The Golden Tradition, An Anthology of Urdu Poetry', Ahmed Ali, pp 23–54; Poems:134-167, Columbia University Press, 1973/ OUP, Delhi, 1991
*{{cite book|last=Faruqi|first=Shamsur Rahman|title=شعرشور انگریز|language=ur|author-link=Shamsur Rahman Faruqi}}
*{{cite web|last=Faruqi|first=Shamsur Rahman|author-link=Shamsur Rahman Faruqi|date=1 August 2001|title=The Poet in the Poem|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/srf/srf_poet_in_poem.pdf?|access-date=18 July 2020|website=Columbia.edu website }}
*{{cite book|author1=Khurshidul Islam|author2=Ralph Russell|author-link2=Ralph Russell|title=Three Mughal Poets: Mir, Sauda, Mir Hasan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3r91PAAACAAJ|year=1994|publisher=OUP India|isbn=978-0-19-563391-7|ref={{sfnref|Islam|Russell|1994}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Ish|title=Mir Taqi Mir|series=Makers of Indian Literature|date=1996|edition=2nd|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-260-0186-0|oclc=707081400}}
*{{cite book|author=Mīr Taqī Mīr|translator=C. M. Naim|translator-link=C. M. Naim|title=Zikr-i Mir: the autobiography of the eighteenth century Mughal poet, Mir Muhammad Taqi ʻMir', 1723-1810|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOeAAAAAIAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|oclc=42955012|isbn=978-0-19-564588-0}}
*{{Cite book|last=Narang|first=Gopi Chand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mE1tDwAAQBAJ|title=The Hidden Garden - Mir Taqi Mir|date=25 January 2021|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-289-8|translator-last=Deol|translator-first=Surinder|author-link=Gopi Chand Narang}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1421102}}
*[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00garden/index.html A Garden of Kashmir: the Ghazals of Mir Taqi Mir]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070305164608/http://www.urducl.com/Urdu-Books/969-416-205-014/ Dewaan-e-Meer (Online)]}}
*[http://rekhta.org/miiriyaat/?info=ghazals Meer Taqi Meer's poetry at Rekhta]
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/37093303/Zikr-e-Mir-in-Hindi Zikr e Mir: Biography of poet in Hindi] on [[Scribd]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090409135932/http://mama.indstate.edu/users/shakil/meer.html The Meer Pages]
* [https://www.scribd.com/document/171606159/Sher-e-Shor-Angez-Vol-2 Sher e Shor Angez Vol.2] on [[Scribd]]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mir, Mir Taqi}}
[[Category:1723 births]]
[[Category:1810 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers from Agra]]
[[Category:People from the Agra Subah]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:18th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language religious writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:18th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Persian-language poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from the Mughal Empire]]

Bunty Walia

2026-02-07T22:37:23Z

3muhammed4: enhance formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian Film Producer}}
[[File:Bunty Walia at the Launch of Apicius Kitchen & Bar lounge (1).jpg|thumb|Bunty Walia on the left]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
'''Guneet "Bunty" Walia''' is an Indian film producer and sport entrepreneur. He has produced films like [[Lamhaa]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=Lamhaa |publisher=worldcat.org|oclc=667271831 }}</ref> [[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]], [[Ek Ajnabee]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ek Ajnabee |publisher=worldcat.org|oclc=137245416 }}</ref> and [[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film) |publisher=worldcat.org|oclc=181136240 }}</ref> starring actors like [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Dharmendra]] and [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/salman-khan-bunty-walia-sanjay-dutt-maanyata-dutt-katrina-kaif-138681-2011-08-02 |title=Salman Khan fought with Bunty Walia |date=3 August 2011 |publisher=intoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Salman-Khan-takes-up-a-fight-with-Bunty-Walia/articleshow/9333667.cms |title=Salman Khan with Bunty Walia|work=The Times of India |date=23 July 2011 |publisher=indiatimes.com}}</ref> He is the COO for the [[Jaipur Pink Panthers]], (a professional kabaddi team), the PKL team is officially managed by Walia's sports management firm, GS Sports. He has been with the team since its inception and is an active voice in the base strategies of the [[Jaipur Pink Panthers]].

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Movie!! Role
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Chowky (film)|Chowky]]'' || as Producer
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Lamhaa]]'' || as Producer
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Ek Ajnabee]]'' || as Producer
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Maine Dil Tujhko Diya]]'' ||as Producer
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' || as Producer
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1998 film)|Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya]]'' || as Producer
|-
|2012
|''Bihaad''
|as Producer
|-
|2012
| ''Gangs Of London''
|as Producer
|-
|2005
| ''[[Ek Ajnabee]]''
|as Producer
|-
|}

==Personal life==
Bunty Walia was married to [[Suman Ranganath]] in 2006 but they split in May 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2007/bunty-suman-marriage-140507.html|title=Bunty and Suman split up|date=14 May 2007|website=www.filmibeat.com}}</ref> later Walia is married to Vanessa Parmar born 1 August 1993 Mumbai. and the couple share two children.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/bunty-walia-wedding-reception-pics-368983-2012-12-29 |title=Bunty Walia's wedding |date=29 December 2012 |publisher=intoday.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/abhishek-bachchan-and-bunty-walias-family-outing/15283194 |title=Abhishek Bachchan and Bunty Walia's family outing |date=9 May 2014 |publisher=mid-day.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Bunty-Walia-and-wife-welcome-baby-boy/articleshow/56766203.cms |title=BUNTY WALIA AND WIFE WELCOME BABY BOY |publisher=mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref> He is brother of [[Juspreet Singh Walia]].

== G.S. Worldwide Entertainment ==
Bunty is the chairman of GS Worldwide Entertainment. It is an entertainment company that produces movies. Some of the biggest Bollywood actors have worked alongside them to produce big named movies in India.

== Charities ==
Bunty has contributed to the Maigic Bus charity created by the NGO for raising funds for underprivileged children.[https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment] He as also aimed to raise funds for varied charities and one of the causes they are supporting is that of self-defense for women. Another portion of the will be to fund the state-of-the-art-gym at Andheri Sports Complex.[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/wow-ranbir-kapoor-virat-kohli-compete-charity-football-match/] He has organized charity football match with actors and athletes to raise more funds for the Magic Bus charity. [https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/stars-and-cricketers-to-play-charity-football-1.1159281]

== External links ==
{{IMDb name|nm1179387}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Walia, Bunty}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]

Bharatpedia:Points to note while debating in WikiProject India related AFDs

2026-02-01T03:31:39Z

3muhammed4:

{{Essay|WP:INDAFD|WP:AFDIND}}
This essay offers some insight into India-related topics and lists few well-known issues related to the same. Please note that the purpose of this essay is not to suggest you to cast "keep" !votes in [[WP:India|Wiki Project India]] related deletion discussions. You are advised to use [[WP:COMMONSENSE|common sense]] and [[wisdom]], and encouraged to [[Wikipedia:Editorial_discretion|write your own opinion]]. You can however quote these points in relevant deletion discussions.
[[File:Helping Hand image.jpg|thumb|300px|''You'' can help save an article today.]]
== Main points ==
===Google news===
Google news is known to not crawl and index Indian newspaper and magazine articles properly. Please do not rely on 'Google news' hits count to formulate an opinion. Alternatively, you can use these [[Google custom search]] engines - '''[https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=014196815420355252912:fownxmjrhle English news]''' and '''[https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=014241287824194214534:looug4lxhr0 English, Hindi and regional languages].

Also note that Top-2 [[List_of_newspapers_in_India_by_circulation|largest circulating Indian newspapers]] are published in [[Hindi language]], and there are three in Top-five. Out of Top-10, only two newspapers are published in the English language. Consider all language sources for notability ([[WP:NEXIST]]). For every two English language articles, there should be at least three regional language articles.

===Local language search===
You can try to search in [[Languages_of_India|local language]] of the region where subject belongs to. For example, if the deletion discussion is about a Tamil author, search using Tamil language keywords. Also, please check if the article exists in [[InterWiki]]. If you don't know the language, ask for help at [[WT:INB|India's noticeboard]].
===Indian newspapers archive===
Unfortunately most of the Indian newspaper archives do not store content for before 2000 or so. If a deletion discussion is about a book published in 1967 or so, searching internet may not be helpful.
===Alternative names===
Many Indian people and places have multiple names. Consider searching with alternative/local names. For example, the city of [[Tiruchirappalli]] is also called ''Tiruchi'' or ''Trichy'' or ''Trichinopoly''.
===Alternative spellings===
Originating from [[Languages of India|varied Indian languages]], the words you are trying to search can be [[Anglicisation|anglicised]] in multiple ways. Try searching various probable spellings. For example, the surname [[Mukherjee]] is at times also spelled as ''Mukharji'', ''Mookerjee'', ''Mukerji'' or ''Mukherji''.
===Additional keywords===
Sometimes you can add additional words in your query to get desired results (in particular when a term is open to multiple interpretations and/or have additional meanings). For examples in this discussion: [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Murugaa]], your search query might be "Murugaa", "Murugaa (film)", "Murugaa (director's name), "Murugaa film (release year)".

== Known issues ==
{{Shortcut|WP:INDAFDKI|WP:IKI}}
===Indian educational institutions===
Most Indian schools fail to satisfy Wikipedia's notability criteria, both for [[WP:ORG|organizations]] and [[WP:GNG|in general]]. Please note the [[Education in India|Indian education structure]]: Nursery—Class X (i.e. from nursery standard to grade ten) and Class XI—XII (i.e. grade XI-XII). Schools offering Nursery—Class XII are almost certainly notable. Schools offering Nursery—Class X are generally considered notable. Please do a web search to learn more about these schools, or try to locate the official website, which sometimes contains a ''media'' section.

See also: [[WP:SCHOOLOUTCOMES]] for common outcomes and precedent regarding school-related deletion discussions.

===Old non-Hindi movies===
You will probably not get too many results for old non-Hindi movies on the Internet. Still, try to search for each film in its local language.

===Politicians===
You will not find too many articles on politicians and legislators unless they are [[Minister (government)|minister]]s or are involved in some notable controversy and/or political act. If a politician holds or has ever held an elected seat, you can cite the [[WP:NPOL|notability guidelines for politicians]] in the related deletion discussion.

See also: [http://164.100.47.192/Loksabha/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx Lok Sabha (Lower House) members list], [http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/memberlist.aspx Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members list]. For members of state assemblies, use your preferred search engine to locate the respective state assembly's official website, which in most cases contain a menu option for members list.

===Scholars===
Indian media outlets usually do not write about scholars or academics unless they win (or have been nominated for) some notable awards. You can still try [[Google Scholar]] or a simple web search. If you find 2-3 full-length articles on an academic, you may consider the person notable, but please comment on the basis of your observation.

===Roads===
Unlike U.S. roads, there might be a dearth of reliable sources for Indian streets and highways. See [[WP:ROADOUTCOMES]] for common outcomes and precedent regarding road-related deletion discussions.

===Small towns and villages===
Small towns and villages generally do not get coverage in mainstream publications unless there is some kind of historical relevance or unfortunate disaster. According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], there are about 8,000 towns and half a million villages in India. You can try your preferred search engine or WikiProject India's [[Wikipedia:Points_to_note_while_debating_in_WikiProject_India_related_AFDs#Google_custom_search|customised search engines]].

Please note that legally-recognised populated villages are generally considered [[WP:GEOLAND|notable]]. You can do some research at the Census of India's official website ([http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/Searchdata.aspx here]) to confirm if this is the case.
===Books===
Indian media doesn't give much weight to books published in India (especially non-English books) unless they are about (or by) a notable person or have won (or been nominated) for some notable awards.

===Clans===
There are an uncountable number of clans in India, and the size and distribution of the clans vary greatly within the country. Please note that [[British Raj]] sources are not considered reliable sources of information ([[H. R. Rose]] is one prominent author you may come around). You should try looking into [[Google Books]] or [[WP:JSTOR]].

See also: [[User:Sitush/CasteSources]] and some sections of [[User:Sitush/Common]] (e.g.: that on Gyan Publishers).

===Length of articles===
Please note that the length of articles published by Indian media outlets varies as does the topic. For example, you may encounter many 1-2 paragraph articles on [[Bollywood]] or TV-related topics (films, soap operas, actors, etc.) but articles on politicians and companies may be equivalent in length to articles that are published globally (minimum 4-5 paragraphs). Articles on the [[Show business|showbiz]] industry with 1 or 2 paragraphs should be considered equivalent to 3-4 paragraph articles published by Western media.

Also note that exceptionally long articles on Indian companies are most probably [[advertorial]]s and should not be considered [[WP:RS|reliable source]]s, as they are paid news. Skip to the last paragraph; if you see the contact details of the company, or notice that the article itself is written in a blatant promotional tone, it is an advertorial.

==Find resource==
''See also: [[WP:RX|Resource Request]], [[WP:TWL|Wikipedia Library]]''
* You can use these [[Google_Search#Search_options|Search operators]] to customise your search-results.
===Google custom search===
*[https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=014196815420355252912:fownxmjrhle English newspapers search]
*[https://cse.google.com/cse?cx=014241287824194214534:looug4lxhr0 English & Hindi newspapers search]

===Newspaper and magazine archives===

*[[Google News]] - [https://news.google.com/newspapers Archive] (see also: [https://support.google.com/news/answer/3334?hl=en&visit_id=1-636137345827377426-2011509002&rd=2 search help])
*[[Times of India]] - [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/archive.cms Web archive (2001 - present)], [http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Archives.aspx E-paper archive (2003 - present)]
*[[The Hindu]] - [http://www.thehindu.com/archive/ Web (2009 - present), Print (2000 - present)]
*[[Indian Express]] - [http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/archiveMap.php Web (2002 - present)], [http://archive.indianexpress.com/ Print (1997 - 2014)]
*[[Deccan Chronicle]] - [http://epaperarchives.deccanchronicle.com/ E-paper archive (1941 - present)](registration required)
*[[The_Telegraph_(Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] - [http://www.telegraphindia.com/archives/archive.html Archive (2009 - present)]
*[[India Today]] - [http://archives.digitaltoday.in/indiatoday/index.html Print (2004 - 2007)]
*[[Dainik Bhaskar]] - [http://epaper.bhaskar.com/archives.php E-paper archive (2014 - present)]
*Zamin Ryot - [http://www.zaminryot.com/archives/index.html E-paper archive (1930 - present)]
*[https://gpa.eastview.com/crl/san/ Center for Research Libraries South Asian Newspapers Archive] - A number of newspapers from 1960s to 1980s

===Digital library===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130806230530/http://www.dli.ernet.in/ Digital library of India] - [http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/ Digital library of India] (both hosted by [[Indian Institute of Science|IISc]])
*[http://www.nationallibrary.gov.in/ National Library of India] (hosted by [[Ministry_of_Culture_(India)|Ministry of Culture, Gov. of India]])
*[https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/ National Digital Library] (hosted by [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|IIT Kharagpur]])
*[https://pressacademy.ap.gov.in/form-page/ Press Academy of Andhra Pradesh] (hosted by [[Press Academy of Andhra Pradesh]]); [https://archive.org/details/@telugu_library Alternate]

== Get help ==
If you need help to find sources or with anything else related to India, you can ask at [[WT:INB|India's noticeboard]] or the editors mentioned below: (feel free to add your name below if you think you can help too).
# {{User|Titodutta}}, Indian languages known: Bengali
# {{User|Dwaipayanc}}, Indian languages known: Bengali
# {{User|Jayantanth}}, Indian languages known: Bengali & Hindi
# {{User|Jim Carter}}, Indian languages known: Hindi, Bengali and Punjabi
# {{User|Rsrikanth05}}
# {{User|Winged Blades of Godric}}, Indian languages known: Hindi and Bengali.
# {{User|Balablitz}}, Indian languages known: Tamil and Hindi
# {{User|GSS-1987}}, Indian languages known: Punjabi, Hindi and Bengali
# {{User|Csgir}}, Indian languages known: Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali, Oriya, Haryanvi, and Bhojpuri
# {{User|Ab207}}, Indian languages known: Telugu
# {{User|RationalPuff}}, Indian languages known: Bengali, Hindi
{{WikiProject India essays}}
[[Category:Wikipedia essays about deletion]]
[[Category:WikiProject India essays]]

Athkheliya Namghar

2026-01-31T20:28:47Z

3muhammed4: Put up new info v1!

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Shri Shri Athkhelia Namghar
|image = Entrance of Athkheliya Namghar.jpg
| image_upright =
|alt =
|caption = Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar Entrance
|map_type =
|coordinates = {{coord|26.47|94.09|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|map_caption = Location of Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar
|map_size = 250
|country = India
|state = Assam
|district = Golaghat
|locale = Ghiladhari
|deity =
|festivals =
|architecture =
|temple_quantity =
|monument_quantity =
|inscriptions =
|year_completed = {{start date and age|1681}}
|creator = Gadapani
|temple_board =
|website = {{URL|http://athkhelianamghar.org|athkhelianamghar.org}}
}}
'''Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar''' or '''Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar''' is a prominent [[pilgrimage]] place of [[Assam]] and [[North East India|North Eastern India]]. It is located at Bosa Gaon, [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]], Assam where the three rivers - Ghiladhari, Mokrong and Kakodonga meet.<ref name="বিষয়ে">{{cite web|url=http://athkhelianamghar.org/about.php |title=শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰৰ বিষয়ে |publisher=শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ |work=Merrylook Technologies Private Limited |access-date=3 November 2012 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was constructed by king [[Supaatphaa|Gada Pani]] in the year 1681 AD.<ref name="ইতিহাস">{{cite web|url=http://athkhelianamghar.org/history.php |title=শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰৰ ইতিহাস |publisher=শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ |work=Merrylook Technologies Private Limited |access-date=3 November 2012 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Before 1970s, temple was called Sri Sri Athkheliya temple but later, it was renamed as the Sri Sri Athkheliya [[Namghar]] due to the influence of [[Vaishnavism]].

==Etymology==
Sri Sri Athkheliya is named after the eight ''kuris'' or "[[neighbourhoods]]" or "parts". As the people of these eight ''kuris'' together have formed a society and have carried out religious works together there, the place received the name of Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar.<ref name="বিষয়ে" /><ref name="বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ">{{cite journal | title= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | journal= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | publisher= সম্পাদক, সম্পাদনা সমিতি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | year= 2013 | pages= 30 to 41 }}</ref> According to ''[[Buranji|Axom buronji]]'' or "the history of Assam", the [[Ahom dynasty|Ahom kings]], leaving those who knew systematic farming, to engage in expansion based farming, started the ''[[paik system]]''. The groups above the ''paiks'' were called ''khels''. Some such royal persons, or post-holders settled in neighbourhoods: the name of the ''khels'' were decided upon the 'post' of the post-holder.<ref name="উপক্ৰমনিকা">{{cite journal | title= উপক্ৰমনিকা | journal= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | publisher= সম্পাদক, সম্পাদনা সমিতি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | author= শ্ৰী যোগেন শইকীয়া | year= 2013 | pages= 22, 23 and 24}}</ref>

Before 1970, Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar was known as Sri Sri Athkhelia Hori Mandir. Even now on its entrance, the inscription reads "Sri Sri Athkheliya Hori Mandir". After 1970, it was renamed as the Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar.<ref name="পৰ্যালোচনা">{{cite journal | title= শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰৰ ইতিবৃত্তৰ মূল তথ্যৰে ঐতিহাসিক ভেটিৰ এক অনুসন্ধানমূলক পৰ্যালোচনা | journal= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | publisher= সম্পাদক, সম্পাদনা সমিতি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | author= শ্ৰী যোগেন শইকীয়া | year= 2013 | pages= 113 to 131 }}</ref>

==History==
The definite answer to when and how the Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar was made is unknown. According to [[Edward Gait]]'s 'History of Assam', the [[Kachari Kingdom|Kachari kingdom]]'s extended from the river Kalang to the river Dikhou.<ref>History Of Assam by E A Gait পৃষ্ঠা: ২৪৮-২৪৯</ref> In the year 1600, the area went under the Kacharis.<ref name="ইতিহাস" /> So, according to that, a Kachari king established a Hori Mandir or Shiva temple at the place to worship. In the ''buronji'' too, the foundation of any namghar at that place is not mentioned. Moreover Gadapani is not known to be too fond of Vaishnavism. Perhaps due to some natural calamity, the temple got destructed. And the place turned into a forest. According to folk sources, the temple reappeared after rituals conducted by a sage.<ref name=" পৰ্যালোচনা "/> As people got attracted, worship restarted. Also, an idol of Shiva has been found in a [[tea garden]], about {{convert|5|to|7|km}} away. According to experts, it was made in the 9th century, i.e. before the arrival of the Ahoms.<ref>স্মৃতিগ্ৰন্থ; বৰহোলা উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয় সোণালী জয়ন্তী</ref>

According to tales, the land of the Sri Sri Athkhelia Namghar was once an [[ashram]] of some unknown kulasheel sage.<ref name=" বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ-2">{{cite journal | title= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | journal= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | publisher= সম্পাদক, সম্পাদনা সমিতি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | year= 2013 | pages= ৩০ৰপৰা ৪১ পৃ্ষ্ঠা }}</ref>

After [[Sulikphaa|Swargadeo Loraroja]], illegally ascended to the throne of the Ahom empire, Gadapani Kowar or Godadhor Singha, in disguise, roamed at the hills. Once he saw the ashram and stayed there for a few days. It is said that the soldiers of loraroja, in search of Gadapani reached there, but as there were too many trees, and the path was full of spider-webs, they didn't expect to find any [[human]] there and went back. When Gadapani came out, he saw footprints and realised that the soldiers came searching him.<ref name=" বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ "/> The sage once told Gadapani, that he will become the king. Gadapani too, promised that if that happens, he will make the sage his minister. Time passed, and in 1681 AD, Gadapani became the king. Gadapani sent his men to search for the sage, so that he fulfills his promise. But nobody ever found the sage again. No one knows what happened to the sage. But, Gadapani gave the duty of taking care of the ashram to eight paik families nearby the ashram.<ref name=" পৰ্যালোচনা "/> As time passed by, the families turned into ''kuris'', and as the eight ''kuris'' were associated with the holy place, the name became '''''Athkuriya''''' and later on '''Athkheliya'''.<ref name="ইতিহাস" /><ref name=" বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ " />

With time, that ''mandir'' or temple turned into a ''namghar'', due to the influence of Vaishnavism.

==Location==
Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar ({{Coord|26.47|N|94.09|E}}) is located at Bosa Gaon, Ghiladhari, Golaghat, Assam. The place is about {{convert|18|km}} away from [[Golaghat|Golaghat city]]. Starting their journey from the [[Naga Hills|Naga hills]], the three rivers join at a place very nearby the Sri Sri Athkheliya Namghar. The Matrang river meets northward flowing Ghiladhari river and finally both join the Kakodonga river nearby.<ref name=" অতিৰিক্ত ">{{cite journal | title= অতিৰিক্ত | journal= বুৰঞ্জী প্ৰসিদ্ধ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | publisher= সম্পাদক, সম্পাদনা সমিতি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰ | year= 2013 | pages= ২৯ পৃ্ষ্ঠা }}</ref>

==Transportation==
;Airway
[[Jorhat Airport]] lies about {{convert|60|km}} away from the centre.<ref name="অৱস্থান" />

;Railway
The Forkating railway station is about {{convert|12.8|km}} away from the centre.<ref name="অৱস্থান" />

;Road
Golaghat is well connected by roads from all parts of Assam. Golaghat city is about {{convert|20|km}} away from the centre and it takes about 40 minutes by bus to reach Sri Sri Athkhelia namghar from Golaghat city.<ref name="অৱস্থান">{{cite web | url=http://www.assaminfo.com/tourist-places/23/athkhelia-naamghar.htm | title=শ্ৰী শ্ৰী আঠখেলীয়া নামঘৰৰ অৱস্থান | work=www.assaminfo.com | access-date=3 November 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Golaghat district]]
[[Category:Ekasarana Dharma]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Assam]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Assam]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Assam]]

A. R. Rahman

2026-01-26T18:40:56Z

3muhammed4: added article as per guidelines and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian composer and musician (born 1967)}}
{{Redirect|AR Rahman|the surah of the Quran|Ar-Rahman|other uses|Al rahman (disambiguation)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. R. Rahman
| image = AR Rahman At The ‘Marvel Anthem’ Launch (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = A. R. Rahman in 2019
| birth_name = A. S. Dileep Kumar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|1|6}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]], India
| other_names = {{hlist|Isai Puyal|Mozart of Madras}}
| alma_mater = [[Trinity Laban]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Record producer]]|[[composer]]|[[playback singer]]|[[songwriter]]}}
| organization = {{hlist|[[KM Music Conservatory]]|[[Sunshine Orchestra]]}}
| works = {{hlist|[[A. R. Rahman discography|Discography]]|[[#Filmography|Filmography]]}}
| office = [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Saira Banu|1995|2024|reason=separated}}
| children = 3, including [[A. R. Ameen|Ameen]] and [[Khatija Rahman|Khatija]]
| father = [[R. K. Shekhar]]
| relatives = [[A. R. Reihana]] (sister)
| family = [[List of Indian music families#The R. K. Shekhar family|R. K. Shekhar family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by A. R. Rahman|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2000) [[Padma Bhushan]] (2010)
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{hlist|[[Filmi]]|[[Indian classical music|Indian classical]]|[[world music]]}}
| years_active = 1992–present
| instrument = {{hlist|[[Vocals]]|[[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]]|[[piano]]|[[harmonium]]|[[percussion instrument|percussions]]|[[drums]]|[[guitar]]|[[accordion]]|[[harp]]|[[synthesizer]]}}
| label = {{Unbulleted list|[[KM Music Conservatory|KM Musiq]]|[[Sony Music India]]|[[Tips Industries|Tips Music]]|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|[[Yash Raj Films|YRF Music]]|[[Sony DADC]]|[[Aditya Music]]|[[Lahari Music]]|[[Universal Music]]|[[Eros International|Eros Music]]}}
}}
| signature = A R Rahman signature.svg
| website = {{URL|arrahman.com}} {{URL|arrahmanfoundation.org|Foundation website}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office = Honorary [[President (education)|President]] of [[Trinity Laban]]
| term_start = December 2024
| term_end =
}}
}}

'''Allah Rakha Rahman''' ({{audio|A R Rahman.ogg|pronunciation}}; born '''A. S. Dileep Kumar'''; 6 January 1967), also known by the initialism '''ARR''', is an Indian [[music composer]], record producer, singer, songwriter, [[multi-instrumentalist]], and [[philanthropist]]<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=A. R. Rahmam Biography|url=https://arrahman.com/biography.aspx|website=arrahman.com|access-date=14 April 2023}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> known for his works in [[Indian cinema]]; predominantly in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] films, with occasional forays in international cinema. He is a recipient of six [[National Film Awards]], two [[Academy Awards]], two [[Grammy Awards]], a [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Award]], a [[Golden Globe Award]], six [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], fifteen [[Filmfare Awards]], and eighteen [[Filmfare Awards South]].<ref name="deccanherald.com">{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishna |first=S. R |date=11 December 2018 |title=Interview: AR Rahman reveals composing secrets |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/rahman-reveals-composing-707609.html |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref> In 2010, the [[Government of India]] conferred him with the [[Padma Bhushan]], the nation's third-highest civilian award.<ref>{{cite news |title=AR Rahman Feels 'Happy and Honoured' with Padma Bhushan Win |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-ar-rahman-feels-happy-and-honoured-with-padma-bhushan-win-1365878 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=31 March 2010 |access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref>

With his in-house studio [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios|Panchathan Record Inn]], Rahman's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramanujam |first1=Srinivasa |last2=Menon |first2=Vishal |title=Revisiting 'Roja', 25 years later |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/revisiting-roja-25-years-later/article19491084.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=14 August 2017}}</ref> Following that, he went on to score several songs for [[Tamil cinema|Tamil language films]], including [[Mani Ratnam]]'s politically charged ''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]'', the urban ''[[Kaadhalan]]'', ''[[Thiruda Thiruda]]'', and [[S. Shankar]]'s debut film ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''. Rahman's score for his first [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] film, the comedy ''[[Couples Retreat]]'' (2009), won the [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]] Award for Best Score. His music for ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' (2008) earned him [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]] (for [[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]) at the [[81st Academy Awards]]. He was also awarded [[Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media|Best Compilation Soundtrack Album]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media|Best Song Written for Visual Media]] at the [[2010 Grammy award|2010 Grammy Awards]]. He is nicknamed "Isai Puyal" ({{translation|Musical Storm}}) and "Mozart of Madras".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,629407,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027041354/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,629407,00.html |archive-date=27 October 2011 |title=The Mozart of Madras |last=Corliss |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Corliss |date=25 April 2004 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref>

Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist, donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities. In 2006, he was honoured by [[Stanford University]] for his contributions to global music.<ref name="arstan06" /> In 2008, he received Lifetime Achievement Award from the [[Rotary International|Rotary Club of Madras]].<ref name="A R Rahman Honored">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/15580.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626115742/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/15580.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 June 2008 |title=A R Rahman Honored |website=IndiaGlitz |date=4 June 2008 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> In 2009, he was included on the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' list of the [[Time 100|world's 100 most influential people]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=30 April 2009 |title=The 2009 Time 100 – A.R. Rahman |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893836_1894435,00.html |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217065614/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1894410_1893836_1894435%2C00.html |archive-date=17 February 2011}}</ref> In 2014, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from [[Berklee College of Music]]. He has also received honorary doctorate from [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |title=Rahman to be conferred honorary doctorate by AMU |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200905261962.htm |work=The Hindu |date=26 May 2009 |access-date=26 May 2009 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604162150/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200905261962.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> In 2017, he made his debut as a director and writer for the film [[Le Musk (film)|''Le Musk'']].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/how-virtual-reality-pushed-ar-rahman-towards-multi-sensory-filmmaking/articleshow/58662010.cms |title=How virtual reality pushed AR Rahman towards 'multi-sensory' filmmaking |last1=Duttagupta |first1=Ishani |date=14 May 2017 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=13 July 2017}}</ref> In 2024, Rahman was named Honorary [[President (education)|President]] of [[Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance|Trinity Laban]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=11 December 2024 |title=A.R. Rahman Named as Honorary President of London's Trinity Laban Conservatoire (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/ar-rahman-honorary-president-trinity-laban-1236245657/ |magazine=Variety |access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Globally Acclaimed Composer A. R. Rahman Appointed Honorary President of Trinity Laban |url=https://www.trinitylaban.ac.uk/blog/globally-acclaimed-composer-a-r-rahman-appointed-honorary-president-of-trinity-laban/ |website=Trinity Laban |date=11 December 2024 |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref>

==Early life ==
Allah Rakha Rahman<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |title=Why I converted: The transformation of Dilip Kumar into AR Rahman |url=http://scroll.in/article/699665/why-i-converted-the-transformation-of-dilip-kumar-into-ar-rahman |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=Scroll.in |date=16 January 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref> was born as Dileep Kumar Rajagopala in [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], on 6 January 1967.<ref name=":1" /> His father, [[R. K. Shekhar]] from a [[Vellalar]]<ref>{{cite book | author = Kamini Mathai | title = A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm | year = 2009 | publisher = Penguin Books Limited | isbn = 9788184758238 | format = ebook | language = English | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gfCTmjEAChIC&q=vellalar }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |title=Why I converted: The transformation of Dilip Kumar into AR Rahman |url=http://scroll.in/article/699665/why-i-converted-the-transformation-of-dilip-kumar-into-ar-rahman |access-date=5 August 2020 |website=Scroll.in |date=16 January 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref> family, was a film score composer and conductor for [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. Rahman began studying piano at age four.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=A.R. Rahman {{!}} Biography, Scores, Awards, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/A-R-Rahman |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> He assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard.

After his father's death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his father's musical equipment provided his family's income.<ref name="Early life">{{cite web |title=Rahman's childhood |url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/profiles/a-r-rahman.html |publisher=hindilyrics.net |access-date=19 April 2011 |archive-date=2 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902225131/http://www.hindilyrics.net/profiles/a-r-rahman.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Raised by his mother, Kareema (born Kashturi),<ref name="Interview with Times">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/a-r-rahman-in-tune-with-life/articleshow/23791015.cms |title=A R Rahman: In tune with life |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 September 2002 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=A R Rahman's mother '''Kareema Begum''' passes away in Chennai|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/tamil-nadu/ar-rahman-s-mother-kareema-begum-passes-away-chennai-140415 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=28 December 2020 |access-date=24 June 2025}}</ref> Rahman, who was studying in [[Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan]] had to work to support his family, which led to him to routinely miss classes and fail exams. In an interview in 2012, Rahman said that his mother was summoned and was told to take him to the streets of [[Kodambakkam]] to beg and not to send him to the school any more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=மாணவிகளுக்கு பாலியல் தொல்லை: சர்சைக்குள்ளான தனியார் பள்ளி ஏ.ஆர்.ரஹ்மானை அவமதித்ததா? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/private-school-abused-ar-rahman-really-what-happens-307424/ |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=Indian Express Tamil |date=26 May 2021 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ச,வி.ஶ்ரீனிவாசுலு |first=அழகுசுப்பையா |title=மாணவர் இறப்பு முதல் பாலியல் புகார் வரை - பத்ம சேஷாத்திரி பள்ளி மீதான தொடர் சர்ச்சைகள்! |url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/list-of-issues-on-psbb-school |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=vikatan.com/ |date=27 May 2021 |language=ta}}</ref>

Rahman attended another school called MCN for a year,<ref name="Trilok2018">{{cite book |author=Krishna Trilok |title=Notes of a Dream: The Authorized Biography of A.R. Rahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=na5qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |year=2018 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-196-9 |pages=67–68}}</ref> and later joined the [[Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School]], where he was admitted for his musical talent and formed a band with his high school classmates.<ref name="Mathai2009">{{cite book |author=Kamini Mathai |title=A.R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gfCTmjEAChIC&pg=PA39 |year=2009 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-670-08371-8 |page=39}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/star-studded-175th-bday-for-mcc-school/articleshow/6709112.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2010 |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref> However, after discussing it with his mother, he later dropped out of school to pursue a career as a full-time musician.<ref>{{cite book |author=Krishna Trilok |title=Notes of a Dream: The Authorized Biography of A.R. Rahman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=na5qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |year=2018 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-196-9 |page=67}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6709112.cms |title=Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 October 2010 |access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref>
Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots (with childhood friend and percussionist [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani]], [[Suresh Peters]] and John Anthony, JoJo and Raja)<ref name="ARR bio">{{cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.hummaa.com/music/artist/A+R+Rahman/24 |publisher=hummaa.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615223846/http://www.hummaa.com/music/artist/A+R+Rahman/24 |archive-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> and founded the Chennai-based rock group Nemesis Avenue.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ganti |first=T. |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |year=2004 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bollywoodguidebo0000gant/page/112 112] |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=0-415-28854-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/bollywoodguidebo0000gant/page/112}}</ref> He mastered the keyboard, piano, synthesizer, [[Pump organ|harmonium]] and guitar, and was particularly interested in the synthesizer because it was the "ideal combination of music and technology".<ref>{{cite web |title=The Secret behind the Allure of A. R. Rahman |url=https://www.khabar.com/magazine/entertainment/the_secret_behind_the_allure_of_a._r._rahman.aspx |publisher=Khabar |date=October 2007 |access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>

Rahman began his early musical training under [[Master Dhanraj]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Training under dhanraj master |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/22528.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620231004/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/22528.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 June 2010 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=20 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="spotlight">{{cite web |title=Indian under spotlight |url=http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman |publisher=indiansinparis.com |access-date=20 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232419/http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman |archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> and at age 11 began playing in the orchestra of a Malayalam composer (and close friend of his father) [[M. K. Arjunan]].<ref name="MK Arjunan">{{cite web |title=Film fraternity hails Rahman, Pookutty for win |work=The Indian Express |location=India |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/film-fraternity-hails-rahman-pookutty-for-win/427046/0 |date=23 February 2009 |access-date=23 February 2009}}</ref> He soon began working with other composers, such as [[M. S. Viswanathan]], [[Vijaya Bhaskar]],<ref name="deccanherald.com"/> [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Pasupuleti Ramesh Naidu|Ramesh Naidu]], [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]], [[Hamsalekha]] and [[Raj–Koti]],<ref name="spotlight" /> accompanied [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]] and [[L. Shankar]] on world tours and obtained a scholarship from [[Trinity College London]] to the [[Trinity College of Music]].<ref name="Interview with Times" /> During his early career, Rahman had assisted many music directors to play keyboard and synthesizer. One of the notable works includes a Malayalam film, [[Ramji Rao Speaking]] released in 1989 where Rahman and Sivamani programmed a song called "Kalikalam" for the music director S. Balakrishnan.

=== Conversion to Islam and name change ===
Studying in Madras, Rahman graduated with a diploma in Western classical music from the school.<ref name="WaPost.">{{Cite news |last=Wax |first=Emily |date=9 February 2009 |title='Slumdog' Composer's Crescendo of a Career |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/18/AR2009021803790.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=8 November 2010}}</ref> Rahman was introduced to [[Qadiriyya|Qadiri]] ''[[tariqa]]'' when his younger sister was seriously ill in 1984. His mother was a practising Hindu.<ref name="dwan">{{cite news |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |date=16 January 2015 |title=How AS Dileep Kumar converted to Islam to become AR Rahman |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1157419 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/celebs/music/ar-rahman-turns-47/articleshow/17900921.cms |title=AR Rahman turns 47 |ref=Born in a musically Mudaliar affluent Tamil family |work=The Times of India |date=5 January 2013 |access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> At the age of 23, he converted to [[Islam]] with the members of his family in 1989.

Rahman also changed his name during this period. In an interview with [[Karan Thapar]], he revealed that he never liked his birth name as it did not resonate with his self-image. According to his biography ''AR Rahman: The Spirit of Music'' by Nasreen Munni Kabir, a Hindu astrologer suggested the names "Abdul Rahman" and "Abdul Rahim," and Rahman instantly connected with the former. His mother later added "Allah Rakha" (AR) to his name after it came to her in a dream.<ref name="Interview with Times" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nu1BCwAAQBAJ&q=We%20had%20Hindu%20religious%20images%20on%20the%20walls%20of%20the%20Habibullah%20Road&pg=PT62 |title=A.R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |last=Kabir |first=Nasreen Munni |year=2011 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=9789380070148 |access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="talkasia" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Time-for-A.R.-Rahman%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98ghar-wapsi%E2%80%99-says-VHP/article60206691.ece#comments |title=Time for A.R. Rahman's 'ghar wapsi', says VHP |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |date=16 September 2015 |access-date=11 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Rahmanrs" />

==Career==

===Soundtracks===
Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and [[Television in India|Indian television]] channels. In 1987 Rahman, then still known as Dileep, composed jingles for a line of watches introduced by [[Hyderabad Allwyn Limited|Allwyn]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A.R.Rahaman – Career |url=http://www.arrahman.com/biography.aspx |website=A. R. Rahman – Official website |publisher=A. R. Rahman |access-date=6 May 2016 |archive-date=25 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925175117/http://www.arrahman.com/biography.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also arranged the jingles for some advertisements that went on to become very popular, including the popular jingle for [[Titan Watches]], in which he used the theme from [[Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)|Mozart's Symphony no.25]].<ref name="sudhishkamath">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/look-whats-brewing/article4348055.ece |title=Look what's brewing |author=Sudhish Kamath |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/rajiv-menon/ |title=The Hindu: Breaking News, India News, Elections, Bollywood, Cricket, Video, Latest News & Live Updates |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/05/stories/2006050502280200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309144309/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/05/stories/2006050502280200.htm |archive-date=9 March 2007 |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News: Study at Rajiv Menon's institute |date=5 May 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=4 February 2012}}</ref> [[File:AR Rahman Shashi Gopal.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Two smiling men holding a record award|Rahman (left) receiving a platinum award at the MagnaSound Awards; MagnaSound released his first film soundtrack, ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]'', in 1992.|261x261px]]In 1992, he was approached by director [[Mani Ratnam]] to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil film, ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]''.<ref name="internationalrahman"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purie |first=Aroon |title=A.R. Rahman: Prodigious Debut |volume=29 |issue=1–6 |year=1994 |page=153 |journal=India Today}}</ref>

Rahman's film career began in 1992 when he started [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios|Panchathan Record Inn]], a recording and mixing studio in his backyard. It would become the most-advanced recording studio in India,<ref name="internationalrahman">{{Cite book|last=Eur |first=Andy Gregory |title=The International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002 |pages=419–420}}</ref> and arguably one of Asia's most sophisticated and high-tech studios.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/logicstudio/in-action/arrahman |title=An Interview with A.R. Rahman |publisher=Apple Inc. |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208030704/http://www.apple.com/logicstudio/in-action/arrahman |archive-date=8 February 2011}}</ref> Cinematographer [[Santosh Sivan]] signed Rahman for his second film ''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]'', a [[Malayalam]] film starring [[Mohanlal]] and directed by Sivan's brother [[Sangeeth Sivan]] that released in September 1992.

The following year, Rahman received the [[National Film Awards]] (Silver Lotus) award for [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Director]] at the [[40th National Film Awards]] for ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]''. The films' score was critically and commercially successful in its original and dubbed versions, led by the innovative theme "[[Roja (soundtrack)|Chinna Chinna Aasai]]". Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for [[Tamil cinema|Tamil–language films]] for the Chennai film industry, including Ratnam's politically charged ''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]'', ''[[Thiruda Thiruda]]'' and [[S. Shankar]]'s debut film ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (with its popular dance song, "[[Chikku Bukku Rayile]]"), the urban ''[[Kaadhalan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Culshaw, Peter |title=Interview with AR Rahman, the composer behind the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack |date=6 February 2009 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/4535090/Interview-with-AR-Rahman-the-composer-behind-the-Slumdog-Millionaire-soundtrack.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/4535090/Interview-with-AR-Rahman-the-composer-behind-the-Slumdog-Millionaire-soundtrack.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=24 February 2011 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Work of the magic and other musicians |journal=[[Global Rhythm]] |volume=11 |issue=7–12 |issn=1553-9814 |oclc=50137257 |year=1995 |page=11 |publisher=World Marketing Inc. |quote=His first assignment was to write the music for Ratnam's film, Roja. Subsequent films that established AR Rahman as the genius of Tamil film music included Pudhiya Mugam with director Suresh Menon and Gentleman with Shankar |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world |author=John Shepherd |year=2005 |publisher=Continuum |location=London/New York |volume=3–7 |isbn=0-8264-6321-5 |pages=80–81 |oclc=444486924 |quote=Music directors such as AR Rahman and [[Karthik Raja]] produce film scores that are more eclectic, incorporating rap, jazz, reggae, hard rock and fast dance beats ( as, for example, for Duet [1994], Kaadhalan [1994] and Bombay [1995]).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purie |first=Aroon |title=A.R. Rahman: Music The New Wave |volume=20 |issue=1–6 |year=1995 |page=11 |journal=India Today}}</ref> Rahman collaborated with director [[Bharathiraja|Bharathiraaja]] on ''[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]'' and ''[[Karuththamma]]'', producing successful Tamil rural folk-inspired film songs; he also composed for [[K. Balachander]]'s ''[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]'', which had some memorable Saxophone themes.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Indian cinema: ebbs and tides |author=K. Naresh Kumar |year=1995 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |location=New Delhi |volume=26–27 |isbn=978-81-241-0344-9 |page=135 |oclc=33444588}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=The saxophone symposium: journal of the North American Saxophone Alliance |author=World Saxophone Congress. North American Saxophone Alliance |journal=The Saxophone Symposium |year=2001 |publisher=North American Saxophone Alliance |location=Greenville |volume=26–27 |issn=0271-3705 |pages=78–85 |oclc=5190155 |quote=The famous South Indian film music director AR Rahman invited [ [[Kadri Gopalnath]] ] to work on the music for a major South Indian film. Rahman, a new music director, writes music that brings a more cosmopolitan feel to Indian cinema, and he was open to ...}}</ref> The 1995 film ''[[Indira (film)|Indira]]'' and romantic comedies ''[[Mr. Romeo]]'' and ''[[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]'' also drew attention.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purie |first=Aroon |title=Music love birds |volume=21 |issue=1–6 |year=1996 |page=195 |journal=[[India Today]] |quote=AR Rahman's latest offering is a heavy dose of synthesiser and percussion sprinkled with rap. "No Problem" by [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]] is the selling point. |issn=0254-8399 |oclc=2675526}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts and Lifestyle |last=Kasbekar |first=Asha |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&pg=PA215 |isbn=978-1-85109-636-7 |page=215 |quote=Songs play as important a part in South Indian films and some South Indian music directors such as A. R. Rehman and Ilyaraja have an enthusiastic national and even international following}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=S. |title=Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia |chapter=Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka |page=149 |quote=Now the South is believed to excel the North in many respects, including its colour labs, state of the art digital technology and sound processing facilities (which have improved the dubbing of Tamil and other South Indian languages into Hindi since the 1970s).}}</ref>

Rahman attracted a Japanese audience with ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]''{{'}}s success there.<ref name="muthunoborderss">{{cite web |author=Prasad, Ayappa |title=Films don't believe in borders |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=5670 |year=2003 |access-date=15 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218060205/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=5670 |archive-date=18 December 2008}}</ref> His soundtracks are known in the Tamil Nadu film industry and abroad for his versatility in combining Western classical music, Carnatic and Tamil traditional and folk-music traditions, [[jazz]], [[reggae]] and rock music.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purie |first=Aroon |title=A. R. Rahman: Music The New Wave |volume=20 |issue=1–6 |year=1995 |page=11 |journal=[[India Today]] |quote=Now, two years later, AR Rahman looks like he is here to stay, with his digitalised sound based on pop-rock and reggae and fused with traditional Indian – mainly Carnatic – folk idioms. The supreme irony: he used to play keyboards in ...}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Ramaswamy |first=V. |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |page=199}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=S. |title=Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia |chapter=Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka |page=149 |quote=Southern filmmakers like [[Mani Ratnam]], [[Ram Gopal Varma]] and [[Priyadarshan]] have altered the profile of Indian 'national' cinema. So too have southern specialists ... cinematographers [[Santosh Sivan]], [[P. C. Sreeram]] and music composer A. R. Rahman who formed a highly successful team with Ratnam and have all attained star status in their own right}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brégeat |first=Raïssa |title=Indomania: le cinéma indien des origines à nos jours |page=133 |quote=AR Rahman (Roja, Bombay), entre autres, exigent aujourd'hui les cachets les plus gros jamais payés à un directeur musical |publisher=Cinémathèque française |language=fr |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-900596-14-2 |year=1995}}</ref> The [[Bombay (soundtrack)|soundtrack for ''Bombay'']] sold 15 million copies worldwide,<ref name="release">{{cite web |author=Das Gupta, Surajeet |author2=Sen, Soumik |title=Composing a winning score |work=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm |access-date=15 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040951/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm |archive-date=15 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sbs">{{cite news |title=The 'Mozart of Madras' AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/hindi/en/audiotrack/mozart-madras-ar-rahman-performing-live-australia |agency=[[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS]] |date=14 February 2017}}</ref> and "[[Bombay Theme]]" would later reappear in his soundtrack for [[Deepa Mehta]]'s ''[[Fire (1996 film)|Fire]]'' and a number of compilations and other media. It was featured in the 2002 Palestinian film ''[[Divine Intervention (2002 film)|Divine Intervention]]'' and the 2005 [[Nicolas Cage]] film, ''[[Lord of War]]''. ''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]'', directed by [[Ram Gopal Varma]], was Rahman's [[Bollywood]] debut.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purie |first=Aroon |title=French Connection |volume=20 |issue=13–18 |year=1995 |page=156 |journal=India Today}}</ref> Successful scores and songs for ''[[Dil Se..]]'' and the percussive ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'' followed.<ref name="understandingaf">{{Cite book |last=Stafford |first=Roy |title=Understanding Audiences and the Film Industry |date=31 May 2007 |page=[https://archive.org/details/understandingaud0000staf/page/27 27] |isbn=978-1-84457-141-3 |publisher=British Film Institute |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/understandingaud0000staf/page/27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music |last=Arnold |first=Alison |year=2000 |page=540 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=RA2-PA555 |chapter=Film music in the late Twentieth century |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |quote=The recent success of the Tamil film music director A. R. Rehman in achieving widespread popularity in the world of Hindi film music is now possibly opening doors to new South-North relationships and collaborations}}</ref> [[Sufism|Sufi mysticism]] inspired "[[Chaiyya Chaiyya]]" from the former film and "Zikr" from his soundtrack album for ''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]'' (which featured elaborate orchestral and choral arrangements).<ref name="Rahmanrs">{{cite magazine |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author2=Suhasini, Lalitha |title=AR Rahman: The Rolling Stone interview |magazine=Rolling Stone |url=http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2008/06/07/ar-rahman-the-rolling-stone-interview/ |year=2008 |access-date=16 November 2008}}</ref>

Rahman's soundtrack album for the Chennai production ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' won him his second National Film Award for Best Music Direction and a [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|South FilmFare Award for Best Music Direction in a Tamil film]] in 1997, the latter setting a record of six consecutive wins; he later went on to win the award three consecutive additional times. The musical cues in the soundtrack albums for ''[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]'' and ''[[Iruvar]]'' used Carnatic vocals, the [[veena]], rock guitar and jazz.<ref name="archat98">{{cite web |title=The A R Rahman Chat |work=[[Rediff.com|Rediff on the Net]] |publisher=Rediff |url=http://www.rediff.com/chat/rahmchat.htm |date=17 August 1998 |access-date=6 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216150459/http://www.rediff.com/chat/rahmchat.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the 2000s, Rahman composed scores and popular songs for [[Rajiv Menon]]'s ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'', ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'', [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]'s ''[[Swades]]'', ' '[[Yuva]]' ' ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry |last=Velayutham |first=Selvaraj |year=2008 |page=6}}</ref> and songs with Hindustani motifs for 2005's ''[[Water (2005 film)|Water]]''. Rahman has worked with Indian poets and lyricists such as [[Javed Akhtar]], [[Gulzar]], [[Vairamuthu]] and [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], and has produced commercially successful soundtracks with directors [[List of films directed by Mani Ratnam featuring A. R. Rahman|Mani Ratnam]] and [[S. Shankar]] (''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'', ''[[Kaadhalan]]'', ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'', ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]'', ''[[Mudhalvan]]'', ''[[Nayak (2001 Hindi film)|Nayak]]'', ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'', ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'', ''[[Enthiran]]'', ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' and ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'').<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ganti |first=T. |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |page=112 |quote=Rehman became a major star with his hit music in Roja followed by hit scores for Mani Ratnam's and Shankar's films in Tamil.}}</ref>

In 2005 Rahman expanded his Panchathan Record Inn studio by establishing [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios|AM Studios]] in Kodambakkam, Chennai, creating the most cutting-edge studio in Asia.<ref name="Rahmanammix">{{cite web |title=Film Composer A.R. Rahman Selects Bag End Bass Speakers |work=[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]] |url=http://mixonline.com/news/headline/bag-end-arrahman-060706/ |date=7 June 2006 |access-date=18 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141733/http://mixonline.com/news/headline/bag-end-arrahman-060706/ |archive-date=16 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Omkar |first=Ashanti |title=Interview with A. R. Rahman |date=March 2008 |issue=1 |volume=1 |periodical=The Score Magazine |location=Chennai}}</ref> The following year he launched his own music label, KM Music,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maria Verghis |first=Shana |date=11 August 2006 |title=A R Rahman Interview |newspaper=smaramra.blogspot.com |location=New Delhi |url=https://smaramra.blogspot.com/2006/08/r-rahman-interview.html}}</ref> with his score for ''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg310/p7.pdf |work=[[Tamil Guardian]] |title=Cine Scope |date=19 October 2005 |page=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113310/http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg310/p7.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> Rahman scored the [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]]-language film ''[[Warriors of Heaven and Earth]]'' in 2003 after researching and using [[Music of China|Chinese]] and [[Gagaku|Japanese classical]] music,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm |title=Chinese rhapsody |date=23 October 2003 |author=Savita Gautham |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225084151/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm |archive-date=25 February 2004 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and won the Just Plain Folks Music Organization|Just Plain Folks Music Award For Best Music Album for his score for 2006's ''[[Varalaru (film)|Varalaru (God Father)]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=2009 Just Plain Folks Music Awards Album Winners |work=Just Plain Folks Music Awards |url=http://jpfolks.com/09albumwinners.html |year=2009 |access-date=14 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017193502/http://www.jpfolks.com/09albumwinners.html |archive-date=17 October 2018 }}</ref> He co-scored [[Shekhar Kapur]]'s second British film, ''[[Elizabeth: The Golden Age]]'', in 2007<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350030100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201082742/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350030100.htm |archive-date=1 December 2007 |title=Mover and Shekhar |date=23 November 2007 |access-date=5 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and received a Best Composer [[Asian Film Awards|Asian Film Award]] nomination at the [[Hong Kong International Film Festival]] for his ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' score.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Film Awards 2009 |date=6 February 2009 |work=[[3rd Asian Film Awards]] |url=http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2009/eng/nominations.php |access-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208035546/http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2009/eng/nominations.php |archive-date=8 February 2011}}</ref> Rahman's music has been sampled for other scores in India,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cinemaya 1998 |year=1998 |page=9 |issue=39–41 |periodical=[[Cinemaya]] |location=New Delhi |issn=0970-8782 |oclc=19234070 |quote=However, the song was lifted by a whole range of well-known music directors from Bombay so much so that the original composition in Tamil by AR Rahman ...}}</ref> appearing in ''[[Inside Man]]'', ''[[Lord of War]]'', ''[[Divine Intervention (2002 film)|Divine Intervention]]'' and ''[[The Accidental Husband]]''.

His score for his first Hollywood film, the 2009 comedy ''[[Couples Retreat]]'', won the [[Broadcast Music, Inc.|BMI]] London Award for Best Score.<ref name="Broadcast Music Inc">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmi.com/photos/entry/549749 |title=A.R. Rahman Picks Up BMI Film Award in London |publisher=Broadcast Music Inc. |date=2 November 2010}}</ref> Rahman's music for 2008's ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' won a Golden Globe and two Academy Awards (a first for an Asian), and the songs "[[Jai Ho (song)|Jai Ho]]" and "[[O... Saya]]" from its soundtrack were internationally successful. His music on 2008's Bollywood ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'' was popular with Indian youth; that year, his score and songs for ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' won critical acclaim, a Best Composer Asian Film Award nomination and [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|IIFA awards for best music direction and score]].

In 2010, Rahman composed the original score and songs for the romantic ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (soundtrack)|Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'', the sci-fi romance ''[[Enthiran (soundtrack)|Enthiran]]'' and [[Danny Boyle]]'s ''[[127 Hours: Music from the Motion Picture|127 Hours]]'', composing for the [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] musical ''[[Rockstar (soundtrack)|Rockstar]]''; the latter's soundtrack was a critical and commercial success.<ref name="Rockstar's rocking on">{{cite news |title=Rockstar's rocking on |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rockstars-rocking-on/etarticleshow/10278962.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708223445/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-09/news-interviews/30258301_1_rockstar-imtiaz-ali-ranbir-kapoor |archive-date=8 July 2013 |access-date=9 October 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |date=9 November 2011}}</ref> In 2012 Rahman composed for ''[[Ekk Deewana Tha (soundtrack)|Ekk Deewana Tha]]'' and the American drama ''[[People Like Us (2012 film)|People Like Us]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/people-like-us-soundtrack-features-a-score-by-a-r-rahman-a-liz-phair-song-20120514 |title='People Like Us' Soundtrack Features A New Liz Phair Song Penned for the Film + Poster & New Photo |work=[[indieWIRE]] |date=14 May 2012 |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518003511/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/people-like-us-soundtrack-features-a-score-by-a-r-rahman-a-liz-phair-song-20120514 |archive-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref> and collaborated with director [[Yash Chopra]] on ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan (soundtrack)|Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Yash-Chopra-signs-Rahman/articleshow/8386269.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403185321/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-17/news-and-interviews/29551943_1_yash-chopra-yashji-music |archive-date=3 April 2012 |title=Yash Chopra signs Rahman |work=[[The Times of India]] |author=Kunal M Shah |date=17 May 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> all were positively received.<ref>{{cite web |author=Joginder Tuteja |title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan Music Review |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/548942 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012235235/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/548942 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> By the end of the year his music for Mani Ratnam's ''[[Kadal (soundtrack)|Kadal]]'' topped the [[iTunes]] India chart for December.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}} In 2013, Rahman had two releases: ''[[Raanjhanaa (soundtrack)|Raanjhanaa]]'' and ''[[Maryan (soundtrack)|Maryan]]''. Both were successful, with the former nominated for a number of awards<ref name="59th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations">{{cite web |title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations |date=14 January 2014 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-5138.html}}</ref><ref name="GIMA">{{cite web |title=FILM MUSIC NOMINEES |date=18 January 2014 |url=http://www.gima.co.in/2014_film_nominees.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208053318/http://gima.co.in/2014_film_nominees.php |archive-date=8 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="bas">{{cite web |title=Screen Awards 2014: The complete list of nominees |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108104623/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html |archive-date=8 January 2014 |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=8 January 2014 |access-date=8 January 2014}}</ref> and the latter the [[iTunes]] India Tamil Album of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maryan Tops iTunes List for 2013 |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Maryan-Tops-iTunes-List-for-2013/2013/12/23/article1959723.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025233327/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Maryan-Tops-iTunes-List-for-2013/2013/12/23/article1959723.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 October 2014 |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>

The year 2014 was one of the busiest years for Rahman, with him claiming to have worked in 12 films in various languages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/2014-has-been-a-busy-year-for-me-AR-Rahman/articleshow/45689576.cms |title=2014 has been a busy year for me: AR Rahman |work=The Times of India |date=31 December 2014}}</ref> While his first release for the year was the [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]'s road movie ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]'' which garnered positive reviews, his very next release was the performance captured animation film ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'', a [[Rajinikanth]] starrer directed by [[Soundarya Rajinikanth]]. The film's soundtrack was [[long-listed]] at the forthcoming [[Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviecrow.com/News/6713/ar-rahman-in-the-nomination-list-of-oscar-2014 |title='AR Rahman's Kochadaiyaan in the nomination list of OSCAR' |website=Moviecrow.com |date=13 December 2014}}</ref> His next were the scores for the two back to back Hollywood films, ''[[Million Dollar Arm]]'' and ''[[The Hundred Foot Journey]]'', both of which got into the contended list for the original score category nomination at the Oscars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=Kangana Ranaut shares AR Rahman's comments about 'gang in Bollywood working against' him: 'They harass and kill those they see as gifted' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kangana-ranaut-shares-ar-rahmans-comments-about-gang-in-bollywood-working-against-him-8524981/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Then he composed for the period drama ''[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014 film)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]'' teaming up with director [[Vasanthabalan]] for the first time. His next release was [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]'s thriller ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' and [[K. S. Ravikumar]]'s period action film ''[[Lingaa]]''.

===Background scores===
His background scores are often characterised by the usage of subtle orchestration and ambient sounds.<ref name="Biography">{{cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.arrahman.com/biography.aspx |publisher=AR Rahman |access-date=12 March 2014 |archive-date=25 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925175117/http://www.arrahman.com/biography.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> He often employs contemporary instruments such as Guitars, Cello, Flute, Strings, Keyboard, Finger board, Harpejji, Santoor and traditional Indian instruments such as Shehnai, Sitar, Mrudangam, Veena & Tabla to create scores.

Some of the films which fetched him appreciations for background scores include ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]'', ''[[Bombay (1995 film)|Bombay]]'', ''[[Iruvar]]'', ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'', ''[[Dil Se..]]'', ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'', ''[[Lagaan]]'', ''[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]'', ''[[Swades]]'', ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'', ''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero|Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]'', ''[[Guru (2007 film)|Guru]]'', ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'', ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'', ''[[Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa]]'', ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'', ''[[Enthiran]]'', ''[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]'', ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' and ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]''. A. R. Rahman received two Academy Awards for ''Slumdog Millionaire'' and two Academy Award nominations for ''[[127 Hours]]''. Recently, his scores for ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'', ''[[Million Dollar Arm]]'' and ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' have been nominated in the long list released by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{cite news |title=AR Rahman gets nominated for three films in 87th Oscar longlist-Bollywood News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/ar-rahman-gets-nominated-for-three-films-in-87th-oscar-longlist-1848453.html |work=Firstpost |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Gitanjali |date=13 December 2014 |title=A R Rahman Features Thrice on Oscar Longlist, Sonu Nigam Gets a Spot |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/three-ar-rahman-scores-featured-in-oscar-list-712529 |work=NDTV |access-date=23 December 2025}}</ref> In 2017 his ''[[Mersal (film)|Mersal]]'' music's background score has impressed one and all.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.tupaki.com/movienews/article/Rahman-Superb-Back-Ground-Music-For-Vijay-Mersal-Movie/61037 |title=Rahman Superb Back Ground Music For Vijay Mersal Movie |website=Tupaki.com|date=21 October 2017 }}</ref> In 2018, Rahman got national award for the background score of [[Mom (2017 film)|Mom]].

[[Qutub-E-Kripa]] an ensemble of young musicians of [[KM Music Conservatory]], have been co-credited alongside A. R. Rahman for the [[background score]]s of films such as ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'', ''[[O Kadhal Kanmani]]'', ''[[Tamasha (2015 film)|Tamasha]]'', ''[[OK Jaanu]]'', ''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]'', ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/%E2%80%98cinema-veeran%E2%80%99-aishwarya-dhanush%E2%80%99s-next-big-family-project-39448 |title=Cinema Veeran |work=The News Minute |date=26 February 2016 }}</ref> ''[[Chekka Chivantha Vaanam]]'', ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' and ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''. They have also scored for the [[Netflix]] Show, ''[[Daughters of Destiny (TV series)|Daughters of Destiny]]''.

===Performing and other projects===
[[File:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2010 A.R. Rahman IMG 7174.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Male singer with female singers and dancers|Rahman at the 2010 [[Nobel Peace Prize Concert]]|250x250px]]
Rahman has also been involved in [[A. R. Rahman discography#Albums|non-film projects]]. ''[[Vande Mataram (album)|Vande Mataram]]'', an album of original compositions released for India's 50th anniversary of its independence in 1997,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html |title=A Song for India |work=India Today |date=1 September 1997 |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990302025128/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html |archive-date=2 March 1999 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=John |author2=Uck Lun Chun |author3=Allen Chun |author4=Ned Rossiter |author5=Brian Shoesmith |title=Refashioning Pop Music in Asia |page=67}}</ref><ref name="Rahmanbiovm">{{cite web |title=A. R. Rahman: Summary Biography |url=http://members.tripod.com/gopalhome/arrbio.html |quote=Particularly impressed with Vande Mataram, [[Jeremy Spencer]], formerly of [[Fleetwood Mac]] stated that Rahman was the only Indian composer he knew about and liked.|website=Members.tripod.com |date=November 2002 |access-date=15 February 2007}}</ref> is one of India's best-selling non-film albums.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000922/msw.htm |author=Salma Khatib |title=Indi-pop: Down But Not Out |date=22 September 2000 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen India]] |access-date=28 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120045620/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000922/msw.htm |archive-date=20 January 2010}}</ref> He followed it with an album for the [[Bharat Bala]]–directed video ''[[Jana Gana Mana Video|Jana Gana Mana]]'', a collection of performances by leading exponents and artists of [[Indian classical music]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |title=The Making of the Jana Gana Mana |url=http://www.rediff.com/broadband/2000/aug/29trans.htm |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> Rahman has written advertising jingles and orchestrations for athletic events, television and Internet media, documentaries and short films,<ref>{{cite web |title=A. R. Rahman: Summary Discography |url=http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrdisc.html|website=Gopalhome.tripod.com |date=November 2002 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> frequently using the Czech Film Orchestra and the Chennai Strings Orchestra.

In 1999, Rahman partnered with choreographers [[Shobana]] and [[Prabhu Deva]] and a Tamil film-dancing troupe to perform with [[Michael Jackson]] in Munich, Germany at his Michael Jackson and Friends concert.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Nydia Dias |title=A R Rahman joins hands with Michael Jackson |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/A-R-Rahman-joins-hands-with-Michael-Jackson/articleshow/1249822469.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604131229/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-17/mumbai/27247947_1_r-rahman-michael-jackson-mj |archive-date=4 June 2011 |date=17 August 2001 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> In 2002 he composed the music for his first stage production, ''[[Bombay Dreams]]'', which was commissioned by [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=Madhur Tankha |title=Rahman to talk about his Bombay Dreams |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082460621100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418193356/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082460621100.htm |archive-date=18 April 2012 |date=24 August 2007 |access-date=5 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The Finnish folk-music band [[Värttinä]] collaborated with Rahman on the Toronto production of ''[[The Lord of the Rings (musical)#Toronto|The Lord of the Rings]]'', and in 2004<ref name="lotrrahmanc">{{cite web |title=A. R. Rahman |author=Iyer, Vijay |publisher=lotr.com |url=http://www.lotr.com/cast_creative/creative_bio_03.php |access-date=15 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025124725/http://www.lotr.com/cast_creative/creative_bio_03.php |archive-date=25 October 2008 }}</ref> he composed "Raga's Dance" for [[Vanessa-Mae]]'s album ''[[Choreography (Vanessa-Mae album)|Choreography]]'' (performed by Mae and the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]]).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mae goes the raga way |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/11/20/stories/2004112001930200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050204060417/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/11/20/stories/2004112001930200.htm |archive-date=4 February 2005 |date=20 November 2004 |access-date=5 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
[[File:A. R. Rahman at Sufi Concert in Dubai.jpg|alt=Singer and guitarist in front of effects smoke|left|thumb|A. R. Rahman at Sufi Concert in Dubai]]
Since 2004 Rahman has performed three successful world [[Concert tour|tours]] before audiences in Singapore, Australia, Malaysia, [[Dubai]], the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States and India,<ref name="lotrrahmanc"/><ref>{{Cite news |author=Chander, Bhuvana |work=[[Tamil Guardian]] |title=Tamil Cinema |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg321/p15.pdf |date=19 April 2006 |page=15 |access-date=24 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125653/http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg321/p15.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> and has been collaborating with [[Karen David]] on her upcoming studio album. A two-disc CD, ''Introducing A. R. Rahman'' (featuring 25 of his Tamil film-score pieces), was released in May 2006<ref>{{cite web |author=Unterberger, Richie |title=Introducing A.R. Rahman: Original Soundtracks From the Musical Genius of Indian Cinema |website=[[AllMusic]] |url={{AllMusic |class=album |id=r828157 |pure_url=yes}} |year=2006 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> and his non-film album ''Connections'' was released on 12 December 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Listen, it's got Connections |date=10 January 2009 |access-date=5 April 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/10/stories/2009011052390500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109030051/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/10/stories/2009011052390500.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In August 2009 Rahman performed at the Srifort Auditorium in New Delhi in a concert titled '' A R Rahman Unplugged'' which kickstarted the golden jubilee celebrations of the National broadcaster [[Doordarshan]]. The Minister of Information and Broadcasting of India, Mrs [[Ambika Soni]] was the chief guest.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/42012_doordarshan-begins-50th-year-celebrations-with-a-bang | title=Doordarshan begins 50th year celebrations with a bang|website=Afaqs.com | date=10 August 2009 }}</ref> Rahman performed at a White House [[state dinner]] arranged by US President [[Barack Obama]] during an official visit by Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] on 24 November 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postrock/2009/11/indian_composer_ar_rahman_to_p.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130164329/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postrock/2009/11/indian_composer_ar_rahman_to_p.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 November 2011 |title=Indian composer A.R. Rahman to perform at state dinner |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Chris Richards |date=24 November 2009}}</ref>

He is one of over 70 artists on "[[We Are the World 25 for Haiti]]", a [[Charity record|charity single]] to raise relief funds in the wake of the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rahman part of historic remake of We are the World |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=4 February 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rahman-part-of-historic-remake-of-we-are-th/575626/}}</ref> In 2010, Rahman composed "[[Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat (album)|Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat]]" in honour of the 50th anniversary of the formation of Gujarat State,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Gujarat-turns-50-in-style/articleshow/5882277.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065909/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-02/ahmedabad/28319573_1_parsis-garba-kite-festival |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=Gujarat turns 50 in style |date=2 May 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |access-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> "[[Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam]]" as part of the [[World Classical Tamil Conference 2010]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Ramya Kannan |title=I initially wondered how I was going to do it: A.R. Rahman |date=16 May 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/16/stories/2010051663121500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519104248/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/16/stories/2010051663121500.htm |archive-date=19 May 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and the theme song for the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], "[[Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto]]".<ref>{{cite web |author=Lasyapriya Sundaram |title=Rahman's CWG theme song finally released |work=IBNLive |publisher=[[CNN-IBN|IBN Live]] |date=28 August 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rahmans-cwg-theme-song-finally-released/129800-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111223027/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rahmans-cwg-theme-song-finally-released/129800-3.html |archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref> Rahman began his first world tour, ([[A. R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour]]) on 11 June 2010 at [[Nassau Coliseum]] in New York; 16 cities worldwide were scheduled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arrahmanlive.com/concert/abouttour.html |title=A.R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour |work=A. R. Rahman Official Website |access-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605033832/http://www.arrahmanlive.com/concert/abouttour.html |archive-date=5 June 2010}}</ref>

Some of Rahman's notable compositions were performed by the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] in April 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/02/stories/2010040262521400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407082210/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/02/stories/2010040262521400.htm |archive-date=7 April 2010 |title=A new level of recognition, legitimacy: Rahman |author=Sarfraz Manzoor |date=2 April 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In February 2011 Rahman collaborated with [[Michael Bolton]] on Bolton's album, ''[[Gems (Michael Bolton album)|Gems – The Duets Collection]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/bolton-collaborates-with-rahman-for-new-album/721470 |title=Bolton Collaborates with Rahman for New Album |date=10 May 2011 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=29 November 2016}}</ref> reworking his "Sajna" from ''[[Couples Retreat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rahman-s-sajna-in-michael-bolton-s-album-news-bollywood-lfko4iifeeb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513085639/http://www.sify.com/movies/rahman-s-sajna-in-michael-bolton-s-album-news-bollywood-lfko4iifeeb.html |archive-date=13 May 2011 |title=Rahman's Sajna in Michael Bolton's album |website=[[Sify]] |date=10 May 2011 |access-date=10 May 2011}}</ref>

On 20 May 2011 [[Mick Jagger]] announced the formation of a [[supergroup (music)|supergroup]], [[SuperHeavy]], with [[Dave Stewart (Eurythmics)|Dave Stewart]], [[Joss Stone]], [[Damian Marley]] and Rahman;<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mick-jagger-forms-supergroup-with-dave-stewart-joss-stone-and-damian-marley-20110520 |title=Mick Jagger Forms Supergroup with Dave Stewart, Joss Stone, A R Rahman and Damian Marley |first=Andy |last=Greene |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=20 May 2011 |access-date=22 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523052409/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mick-jagger-forms-supergroup-with-dave-stewart-joss-stone-and-damian-marley-20110520 |archive-date=23 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> its [[SuperHeavy (album)|self-titled album]] was scheduled for release in September 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/469972/mick-jaggers-superheavy-supergroup-to-drop-album-in-september |title=Mick Jagger's SuperHeavy Supergroup to Drop Album in September |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=23 June 2011 |access-date=3 July 2011}}</ref> The album would have Jagger singing on Rahman's composition, "Satyameva Jayate" ("The Truth Alone Triumphs").<ref>{{citation |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/articles/story90756.htm |title=Mick Jagger's 'SuperHeavy' album to release in September |date=25 June 2011 |publisher=Zeenews}}</ref>

In January 2012 the [[Deutsches Filmorchester Babelsberg]] announced that it would join [[KM Music Conservatory]] musicians for a 100-member concert tour of five Indian cities (Germany and India 2011–2012: Infinite Opportunities), performing Rahman's songs. The marked the centennial of Indian cinema and Babelsberg Studio, the world's oldest film studio.<ref name="Biography"/>

In Summer 2012 Rahman composed a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] song for the [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics]] [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]], directed by [[Danny Boyle]], part of a medley showcasing [[India–United Kingdom relations|Indian influence in the UK]]. Indian musician [[Ilaiyaraja]]'s song from the 1981 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film ''[[Ram Lakshman (film)|Ram Lakshman]]'' was also chosen for the medley.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/AR-Rahmans-punjabi-track-to-rock-Olympics-inaugural/etarticleshow/14526087.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518124107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-30/news-and-interviews/32483335_1_london-olympics-olympics-opening-ceremony-punjabi |archive-date=18 May 2013 |date=30 June 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |title=AR Rahman's Punjabi Track To Rock Olympics Inaugural}}</ref>

In December 2012 Rahman and [[Shekhar Kapoor]] launched Qyuki, a networking site which is a platform for story writers to exchange their thoughts. Cisco invested ₹270 million in the startup, giving it a 17-percent share. Qyuki uses Cisco's cloud infrastructure for the site.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkedin.com/company/qyuki-digital-media |title=Qyuki Digital Media |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/myQyuki/info |title=Qyuki About Page |website=Facebook |access-date=1 March 2014}}{{unreliable source?|date=June 2022}}</ref> On 20 December he released the single "Infinite Love" in English and Hindi, commemorating the last day of the Mayan calendar to spread hope, peace and love. Rahman's 2013 tour, Rahmanishq, was announced on 29 July 2013 in [[Mumbai]]. Beginning in Sydney on 24 August, the tour moved to a number of cities in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-r-rahman-live/1148472 |title=A R Rahman Live – Indian Express |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

In January 2016, after a long break Rahman performed live in [[Chennai]] and for the first time in [[Coimbatore]] & [[Madurai]], with a complete Tamil playlist. As the name suggests, ''Nenje Yezhu'' (which means rise up) began 2016 with a positive note and with music from the heart. The proceeds of this concert will be used for flood relief in Tamil Nadu and also for creating awareness against cancer, supporting VS Medical Trust outside Chennai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramanujam |first1=Srinivasa |title=Rahman's musical balm for Chennai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-the-nenje-ezhu-concert-by-ar-rahman/article8116522.ece |access-date=12 February 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=17 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coimbatore's soul lifts up to 'Nenje Ezhu' of Rahman |url=http://www.covaipost.com/local/coimbatores-soul-lifts-up-to-nenje-ezhu-of-rahman/ |website=The Covai Post |access-date=14 February 2016 |date=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tanvi |first1=P S |title=Saturday Night Live |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/tanvi-ps-joined-thousands-of-rahmaniacs-to-enjoy-three-hours-of-musical-madness-in-coimbatore/article8151378.ece |access-date=14 February 2016 |work=The Hindu |date=3 February 2016}}</ref>

Rahman released a 19-minute orchestral composition ''The Flying Lotus'' in 2017 featuring the demonetisation. This musical piece is an open interpretation of this major stance against black money which also includes [[Narendra Modi]]'s speech.[[File:Opening Ceremony Hockey World Cup 2018 (39).jpg|thumb|Opening Ceremony Hockey World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018 performance]]

On 15 August 2018, Rahman appeared as the host in the 5-episode series of [[Amazon Prime Video]] titled "Harmony".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/a-r-rahman-bollywood-movie-soundtracks-5288309/ |title=A.R. Rahman: I think Bollywood movie soundtracks are like a motherless child |date=2 August 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=7 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/i-like-silence-ar-rahman/article24591297.ece |title=Creating harmony with AR Rahman |last=Gaekwad |first=Manish |date=3 August 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 August 2018 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Rahman launched India's first YouTube Original, ''ARRived'', which aims to find the best singing talent from across country. The series has 13 episodes and the first episode was uploaded on 7 November 2018. Rahman is the main judge and he is accompanied by [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Vidya Vox]] and [[Clinton Cerejo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Britto |first1=David |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/look-whos-arrived-r-rahman-announces-new-singing-hunt-partnership-youtube-india-qyuki/ |title=A.R. Rahman Announces New Singing Hunt in Partnership With YouTube Originals and Qyuki - |work=Rolling Stone India |date=21 September 2018}}</ref>

On 16 January 2019, Maruti Suzuki India Limited launched NEXA Music, a platform where 24 artists will be picked and mentored by Rahman and Clinton Cerejo to create international music in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/maruti-suzuki-partners-with-a-r-rahman-to-launch-nexa-music/articleshow/67555737.cms |title=Maruti Suzuki partners with A R Rahman to launch NEXA Music |website=The Times of India|date=16 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mynexa.nexaexperience.com/nexaworld/nexamusic/nexa-music.html |title=Nexa Music |website=mynexa.nexaexperience.com}}</ref>

Rahman also appeared as a judge on ''[[The Voice (Indian TV series)|The Voice]]''. The show began airing on 3 February 2019 on [[StarPlus]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baddhan |first=Raj |date=17 January 2019 |title=Star Plus confirms February launch date of 'The Voice India' |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/star-plus-confirms-february-launch-date-of-the-voice-india/ |website=BizAsia}}</ref> Rahman partnered with Marvel to compose a promotional track titled "Marvel Anthem" in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu for ''[[Avengers: Endgame]]'' (2019).<ref name=SC1>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/918610/song-check-ar-rahman-bangs-it-out-in-marvel-anthem-for-avengers-endgame |title=Song check: AR Rahman bangs it out in 'Marvel Anthem' for 'Avengers: Endgame' |date=1 April 2019 |publisher=Scroll.in |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> Rahman has sung and composed the track spiced up with rap and heavy percussion. The lyrics are by Nirmika Singh, and MC Heam (rap).<ref name=SC1 /> The film's team also walked the red carpet and also took a selfie with over 3,500 audience members.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/if-you-look-at-the-most-iconic-movies-musicians-are-all-losers-ar-rahman-on-stigmas-around-music-industry/501792 |title=If you look at the most iconic movies, musicians are all losers: AR Rahman on stigmas around music industry |date=9 October 2019 |publisher=[[Times Now]] |access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>

The Irish rock band [[U2]] collaborated with Rahman to release a single, "Ahimsa", in December 2019. The song was named for the [[Sanskrit]] word for [[non-violence]], and lyrically was intended to celebrate the ethnical and spiritual diversity in India. Rahman stated that ahimsa requires courage and strength, and that the song is a celebration of non-violence and peace.<ref>{{Cite news |author=The Hindu Net Desk |date=22 November 2019 |title=A.R. Rahman and U2 collaborate on new track 'Ahimsa' before band's visit to India |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-and-u2-collaborate-on-new-track-ahimsa-before-bands-visit-to-india/article30048072.ece |access-date=12 November 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Musical style and influence==
Skilled in [[Carnatic music]], [[Classical music|Western]] and [[Hindustani classical music]] and the [[Qawwali]] style of [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]], Rahman is noted for film songs amalgamating elements of these and other genres, layering instruments from different musical idioms in an improvisational style.<ref name="Rahmanrs"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Viswanathan |first1=T. |last2=Harper Allen |first2=Matthew |title=Music in South India |page=139}}</ref> During the 1980s Rahman recorded monaural arrangements in common with his musical predecessors, [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and [[M. S. Viswanathan|Vishwanathan]]–[[T. K. Ramamoorthy|Ramamoorthy]]. He has also worked as a pianist in [[Ilaiyaraaja]]'s troupe for hundreds of movies.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ar-rahman-posts-throwback-photo-with-ilaiyaraaja-and-it-is-unmissable-1446234-2019-02-04 |title=AR Rahman posts throwback photo with Ilaiyaraaja and it is unmissable |date=4 February 2019 |work=India Today |access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref> In later years his methodology changed, as he experimented with the fusion of traditional instruments with new electronic sounds and technology.<ref name="Rahmanrs"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Slobin |first=Mark |author2=Gregory Booth |author3=Joseph Getter |author4=B. Balasubrahmaniyan |title=Global soundtracks: worlds of film music |chapter=Tamil Film Music: Sound and Significance |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=2008 |pages=108, 125 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-8195-6881-6}}</ref>

Rahman's musical interests and outlook originate in his love of experimentation. His compositions have an [[Auteur theory|auteuristic]] use of [[counterpoint]], orchestration and the [[human voice]], melding Indian pop music with a unique [[timbre]], form and instrumentation. With this syncretic style and wide-ranging lyrics, the appeal of Rahman's music crosses classes and cultures in Indian society.<ref name=wom>Through innovations such as these, commentators herald Rahman's work as having "passed the relatively static makeup of Western ensembles such as jazz bands and symphony orchestras and the rigid formula of American pop songs." {{Cite book |last=Todd Titon |first=Jeff |author2=Linda Fujie |author3=David Locke |author4=David P. McAllester |author4-link=David P. McAllester |chapter=India/South India |title=Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples |pages=202–205}}</ref>

His first soundtrack, for ''Roja'', was listed on ''Time's'' all-time "[[Time's All-Time 100 Movies#Supplementary lists|10 Best Soundtracks]]" in 2005. Film critic [[Richard Corliss]] said that the composer's "astonishing debut work parades Rahman's gift for alchemizing outside influences until they are totally Tamil, totally Rahman",<ref name="Timetop10s">{{Cite magazine |author=Corliss, Richard |title=Best Soundtracks – All Time 100 Movies |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0,23220,soundtracks,00.html |access-date=24 February 2008 |date=12 February 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220071222/http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0%2C23220%2Csoundtracks%2C00.html |archive-date=20 February 2008 }}</ref> and his initial global success is attributed to the South Asian diaspora. Music producer [[Ron Fair]] considers Rahman "one of the world's great living composers in any medium".<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Ethan |last=Smith |title='Slumdog' Remix: The Oscar-winning song 'Jai Ho' is reworked with help from a Pussycat Doll |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=27 February 2009 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123568984902087603 |access-date=1 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228061839/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123568984902087603.html |archive-date=28 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Director [[Baz Luhrmann]] said: {{blockquote| I had come to the music of A. R. Rahman through the emotional and haunting score of ''Bombay'' and the wit and celebration of ''Lagaan''. But the more of AR's music I encountered the more I was to be amazed at the sheer diversity of styles: from swinging brass bands to triumphant anthems; from joyous pop to West-End musicals. Whatever the style, A. R. Rahman's music always possesses a profound sense of humanity and spirit, qualities that inspire me the most.<ref name="charindaa">{{cite web |title=Baz Luhrrman comments on A. R. Rahman |work=Charindaa |url=http://www.charindaa.org/news.html |year=2005 |access-date=15 November 2008 |archive-date=2 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202183124/http://www.charindaa.org/news.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

Rahman introduced [[7.1 surround sound]] technology to South Indian films.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=27 June 2012 |title=Rahman's AM Studio introduces 7.1 technology to Kollywood |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/news-interviews/32440011_1_indian-film-industry-sound-technology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707035429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/news-interviews/32440011_1_indian-film-industry-sound-technology |archive-date=7 July 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Rahman is one of the best-selling music artists in India,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/hollywood-calling-rahman/story-ApUdTcYyuQeanoszuWXwPI.html |title=Hollywood calling Rahman |date=8 December 2009 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=29 November 2016 |location=India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/39933/a-r-rahman-opens-online.html |title=A. R. Rahman opens online store |date=6 December 2009 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=3 February 2011 |location=India}}</ref><ref name="Richard Corliss22">{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528081956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html |archive-date=28 May 2007 |title=Culture: The Mozart of Madras |author=Richard Corliss |author-link=Richard Corliss |date=3 May 2004 |magazine=Time |access-date=3 February 2010}}</ref> with an estimated 150 million records sold worldwide.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528081956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html |archive-date=28 May 2007 |title=Culture: The Mozart of Madras |author=Richard Corliss |author-link=Richard Corliss |date=3 May 2004 |magazine=Time |access-date=3 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3211258.stm |title=Indian film composer for Rings |date=21 October 2003 |access-date=15 November 2008 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name="release22">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm |title=Composing a winning score |author=Das Gupta, Surajeet |author2=Sen, Soumik |work=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040951/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm |archive-date=15 October 2008 |access-date=15 November 2008}}</ref> On 21 May 2014 Rahman announced that he has partnered with former Black Eyed Peas' [[Will.i.am]] to recreate an early popular track 'Urvashi Urvashi' under the new name, 'Birthday'.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/a-r-rahmans-hit-number-urvashi-urvashi-inspires-will-i-ams-new-track/ |title=A R Rahman's hit number 'Urvashi Urvashi' inspires Will.i.am's new track |date=21 May 2014 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:A R Rahman,Saira Banu From The Audio release of 'Enthiran - The Robot'.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.85|alt=Man in grey jacket and woman in sari|Rahman and his wife Saira Banu at the 2010 soundtrack release of ''[[Enthiran]]'' in [[Kuala Lumpur]] in 2010]]

Rahman married Saira Banu (not to be confused with Indian former film actress [[Saira Banu]]) in 1995; they have three children: [[Khatija Rahman|Khatija]], Raheema and [[A. R. Ameen|Ameen]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=I miss him terribly when he's away |journal=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=28 October 2007}}</ref> Ameen has sung "NaNa" from ''[[Couples Retreat (soundtrack)|Couples Retreat]]'', and Khatija has sung "Pudhiya Manidha" from ''[[Enthiran (soundtrack)|Enthiran]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/AR-Rahmans-son-sings-for-Hollywood/articleshow/4832755.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104114248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-29/news-interviews/28179132_1_ar-rahman-couples-retreat-playback-singer |archive-date=4 November 2012 |title=AR Rahman's son sings for Hollywood |author=Vickey Lalwani |location=India |access-date=29 July 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |date=29 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/58995.html |title=A R Rahman's daughter sings song in Yanthram |work=Indiaglitz |access-date=29 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730042144/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/58995.html |archive-date=30 July 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Composer [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] is the son of Rahman's elder sister, [[A. R. Reihana]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kamala Bhatt |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/Ndtv-Show-Special-story.aspx?ID=5&storyid=NEWEN20090084532 |title=I knew Rahman would go international: Reihana |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016014333/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/Ndtv-Show-Special-story.aspx?ID=5&storyid=NEWEN20090084532 |archive-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> Rahman's younger sister, Fathima, heads his music conservatory in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/733227/ar-rahman-spends-ramazan-with-hearth-and-home/ |title=AR Rahman spends Ramazan with hearth and home |date=9 July 2014 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-extract-of-the-book-a-r-rahman-the-spirit-of-music/20110418.htm |title=Rahman: I was forced to become a musician |website=Rediff |language=en |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> The youngest, Ishrath, has a music studio. A.R. Rahman is [[wiktionary:co-brother|co-brother]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/co-brother#Noun |title=co-brother – Wiktionary |website=en.wiktionary.org |date=20 October 2021}}</ref> to actor [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actorrahman.com/ |title=Actor Rahman's profile |publisher=actorrahman.com |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-date=1 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401021910/http://www.actorrahman.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Born into a Hindu family, Rahman converted to Islam when he was in his 20s. After the early death of his father, his family experienced difficult times; [[Sufism]] influenced his mother, who was a practising Hindu<ref name=dwan /> and, eventually, his family.<ref name=talkasia>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/04/12/talkasia.rahman.script/ |title=AR Rahman Full Transcript |work=CNN |date=12 April 2006 |access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Interview with Times"/> During the [[81st Academy Awards]] ceremony Rahman paid tribute to his mother: "There is a Hindi dialogue, ''mere pass ma hai'', which means 'even if I have got nothing I have my mother here'."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/India-celebrates-iSlumdog-Millionairei-Oscars/article16339964.ece |title=India celebrates Slumdog Millionaire Oscars |work=The Hindu |date=24 February 2009 |access-date=29 November 2016 |location=Chennai}}</ref> He said, "{{Transliteration|ta|ISO|Ellā pugaḻum iṟaivaṉukkē}}" ("[[Alhamdulillah|All praise to God]]" in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], a translation from the [[Quran]]) before his speech.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/24/stories/2009022460281200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224225225/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/24/stories/2009022460281200.htm |archive-date=24 February 2009 |title=Front Page: Great composer, greater human feted |date=24 February 2009 |access-date=23 August 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai}}</ref> In February 2020, Rahman was critiqued for his liberal image after [[Bangladesh]]i author [[Taslima Nasrin|Taslima Nasreen]] raised a question about his daughter wearing a [[burqa]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 February 2020 |title=AR Rahman's daughter Khatija trolled by Taslima Nasreen for wearing burqa, replies 'Google up what true feminism means' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/ar-rahman-s-daughter-trolled-by-taslima-nasreen-for-wearing-burqa-replies-google-up-what-true-feminism-means/story-EBautTIAXlCpIwZwPWJBcL.html |access-date=23 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2024, A.R. Rahman and Saira Banu announced their separation.<ref>{{cite news |title=AR Rahman, wife Saira Banu announce separation after 29 years of marriage |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/ar-rahmans-wife-saira-banu-announces-separation-after-29-years-of-marriage-cites-insurmountable-gap-between-them-101732034344624.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AR Rahman Divorce News: AR Rahman's wife Saira Banu announces Separation; lawyer releases official statement |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ar-rahmans-wife-saira-banu-announces-separation-lawyer-releases-official-statement/articleshow/115459813.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
Rahman is involved with a number of charitable causes. In 2004 he was appointed as the global ambassador of the [[Stop TB Partnership]], a [[World Health Organization|WHO]] project.<ref name="lotrrahmanc" /> Rahman has supported [[Save the Children]] India and worked with [[Cat Stevens|Yusuf Islam]] on "Indian Ocean", a song featuring [[a-ha]] keyboard player [[Magne Furuholmen]] and [[Travis (band)|Travis]] drummer [[Neil Primrose (musician)|Neil Primrose]]. Proceeds from the song went to help orphans in [[Banda Aceh]] who were affected by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56622/the-billboard-qa-yusuf-islam |title=The Billboard Q and A: Yusuf Islam |last=Williamson |first=Nigel |date=17 November 2006 |series=Interview with Yusuf Islam; Return to Music |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414034908/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56622/the-billboard-qa-yusuf-islam |archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> He produced the single "We Can Make It Better" by Don Asian with [[Mukhtar Sahota]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/philpedia/ar-rahman |title=A.R. Rahman {{!}} Hollywood Bowl |website=Hollywoodbowl.com |access-date=4 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904235904/http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/philpedia/ar-rahman |archive-date=4 September 2016 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2017}} In 2008 Rahman opened the [[KM Music Conservatory]] with an audio-media education facility to train aspiring musicians in vocals, instruments, music technology and sound design. The conservatory (with prominent musicians on staff and a symphony orchestra) is located near his studio in [[Kodambakkam, Chennai]] and offers courses at several levels. Violinist [[L. Subramaniam]] is on its advisory board.<ref name="Rahmankm">{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/Rahmans-music-conservatory-in-June/285836 |title=Rahman's music conservatory in June |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218060027/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Rahmans-music-conservatory-in-June/285836/ |archive-date=18 December 2008}}</ref> Several of Rahman's proteges from the studio have scored feature films.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/print.asp?articleid=602 |work=[[Tamil Guardian]] |title=Briefly Tamil Cinema |date=19 April 2006 |access-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230719/http://www.tamilguardian.com/print.asp?articleid=602 |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> In 2009, he founded [[Sunshine Orchestra]] with a vision to introduce India's first symphony orchestra where economically and socially deprived children get free music education by the [[KM Music Conservatory]]. He composed the theme music for a 2006 short film for [[The Banyan (NGO)|The Banyan]] to aid poor women in Chennai.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sudhish Kamath |title=Netru, Indru, Nalai is back with a bang |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/31/stories/2006013102720200.htm |date=31 January 2006 |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182634/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/31/stories/2006013102720200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

In 2008 Rahman and noted percussionist [[Sivamani (percussionist)|Sivamani]] created a song, "Jiya Se Jiya", inspired by the [[Free Hugs Campaign]] and promoted it with a video filmed in a number of Indian cities for a cause.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rahman advocates free hugs for peace |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_rahman-advocates-free-hugs-for-peace_1214284 |date=15 December 2008 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> In 2017, he announced one heart foundation which would support people from music industry. Rahman announced ''Ta Futures'', a collaborative culture project that would curate and celebrate the sounds of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ar-rahman-launches-collaborative-project-to-curate-and-celebrate-the-sounds-of-tamil-nadu/article30498095.ece |title=A.R. Rahman launches collaborative project to curate and celebrate the sounds of Tamil Nadu |author=Staff Reporter |date=7 January 2020 |work=The Hindu |access-date=9 January 2020 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

{{blockquote
|While this idea initially started off like a city symphony project where we were looking at capturing the sounds of the city, I wanted to make it more participatory. In children, particularly, I want it to trigger a whole different thought process as this is not about film music or film stars and I want them to create and compose their future<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=6 January 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/rahmans-new-project-will-capture-culture-sounds-of-tn/articleshow/73126727.cms|title=Rahman's new project will capture culture & sounds of TN |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 December 2024}}</ref>
- Rahman on announcing ''Ta Futures'' project on [[Chennai]]
}}
In 2019, Rahman performed a Sufi Benefit Concert at the annual New York gala of [[Pratham]], one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India, which focuses on the provision of quality education to India's underprivileged children. Rahman and his ensemble performed the full dinner concert on a pro-bono basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/oscar-winning-composer-a-r-rahman-to-perform-benefit-concert-at-pratham-s-new-york/article_273da1fc-d6a9-11e9-8219-5bb963b532d9.html |title=Oscar-winning Composer A.R. Rahman to Perform Benefit Concert at Pratham's New York Gala |last=Reporter |first=India-West Staff |website=India West |language=en |access-date=25 April 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308090135/https://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/oscar-winning-composer-a-r-rahman-to-perform-benefit-concert-at-pratham-s-new-york/article_273da1fc-d6a9-11e9-8219-5bb963b532d9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afterward, he wrote on Twitter that his "long time dream of performing #Sufimusic for human causes came true" and thanked attendees for their respect and generosity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/arrahman/status/1173097800588038144 |title=Our long time dream of performing #Sufimusic for human causes came true with this wonderful opportunity with #Pratham at #NewYork #Cipriani..Thank you for being respectful and extremely generous with the cause today.pic.twitter.com/HFnFhVSbaW |last=A.R.Rahman |date=14 September 2019 |website=@arrahman |language=en |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{main|A. R. Rahman discography}}

== Filmography ==
===As an actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
!class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
|2002||''[[Kadhal Virus]]''|| rowspan="5" |Himself|| rowspan="2" |Tamil||Cameo
|-
|2019||''[[Bigil]]''||Cameo in "[[Singappenney (song)|Singappenney]]" song<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=After Mersal, Vijay, Atlee, AR Rahman reunite for Thalapathy 63, target Diwali 2019 release |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/after-mersal-vijay-atlee-ar-rahman-reunite-for-thalapathy-63-target-diwali-2019-release-5550451.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218102254/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/after-mersal-vijay-atlee-ar-rahman-reunite-for-thalapathy-63-target-diwali-2019-release-5550451.html |archive-date=18 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=AGS Entertainment, Atlee, AR Rahman join together for Vijay's 'Thalapathy 63' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ags-entertainment-atlee-ar-rahman-join-together-vijay-s-thalapathy-63-91556 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022||''[[Aaraattu (2021 film)|Aaraattu]]''||Malayalam||Cameo in "Mukkala Muqabla" recreated song<ref>{{cite news |author=Entertainment desk |title=AR Rahman shoots for a cameo in Mohanlal's Aaraattu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/ar-rahman-shoot-for-a-cameo-in-mohanlal-aaraattu-7239362/ |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=22 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=Mohanlal, AR Rahman team up for Aaraattu song |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2021/03/22/mohanlal-ar-rahman-for-aaraattu-song.html |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Maamannan]]''
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|Cameo in "Jigu Jigu Rail" Song
|-
|2024
|''[[Ayalaan]]''
|Cameo in "Maanja Nee" Promo Song
|}

===As producer, writer and director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"|Credited as
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
! Producer
! Writer
! Director
|-
|2020||''[[Atkan Chatkan]]''||{{yes}}||{{no}}||{{no}}||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ar-rahman-all-set-to-present-upcoming-film-atkan-chatkan-on-zee5/articleshow/77755761.cms |title=AR Rahman all set to present upcoming film 'Atkan Chatkan' on ZEE5 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|2021||''[[99 Songs]]''||{{yes}}||{{yes}}||{{no}}||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Suprateek |date=5 August 2015 |title=AR Rahman Has Turned Scriptwriter For His Home Production '99 Songs' |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/08/05/ar-rahman-99-songs-script_n_7937330.html |access-date=10 March 2016 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="firstpost:r1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/99-songs-ar-rahmans-musical-drama-to-be-screened-at-busan-international-film-festival-on-9-october-7408021.html |title=99 songs: AR Rahman's musical drama to be screened at Busan International Film Festival on 9 October- Entertainment News |date=26 September 2019 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|2022||''[[Le Musk]]''||{{yes}}||{{yes}}||{{yes}}||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/ar-rahman-on-wearing-the-directors-hat-for-le-musk-filmmaking-is-a-tough-job-but-i-loved-it%E2%80%8B-4642124/ |title=AR Rahman on wearing the director's hat for Le Musk: Filmmaking is a tough job but I loved it |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=6 May 2017 |first=Samarpita |last=Das |access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/hollywood/060517/ar-rahman-gears-up-for-his-directorial-debut-le-musk.html |publisher=asianage.com/ |title=AR Rahman gears up for his directorial debut Le Musk |date=6 May 2017 |access-date=20 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As performer===
* ''[[One Heart (film)|One Heart]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/one-heart-review-filled-with-music/article19637693.ece |title='One Heart' review: Filled with music |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=7 September 2017 |work=The Hindu |access-date=17 April 2018 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/sep/09/one-heart-review-the-music-almost-makes-this-concert-movie-worthwhile-1654268--2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032631/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/sep/09/one-heart-review-the-music-almost-makes-this-concert-movie-worthwhile-1654268--2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2018 |title=One Heart review: The music almost makes this concert movie worthwhile |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Director
|-
|1997
|"[[Maa Tujhe Salaam (song)|Maa Tujhe Salaam]]"
|[[Bharatbala]]<ref name="A Song for India">{{cite web |date=1 September 1997 |title=A Song for India |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990302025128/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html |archive-date=2 March 1999 |access-date=18 February 2011 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|"[[Pray for Me Brother]]"
|[[Bharatbala]]<ref name="Music my passion, my pension">Saraswathy Nagarajan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070221053703/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/02/19/stories/2007021901390100.htm "Music my passion, my pension"]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. 18 February 2011.</ref>
|-
|"[[One Love (A. R. Rahman song)|One Love]]"
|[[Owais Husain]]
|-
|2008
|"Jiya Se Jiya"
|Kanika Myer<ref name="Rahman's music for Nokia users">{{cite web |title=Rahman's music for Nokia users |date=12 December 2008 |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/rahmans-music-nokia-users |access-date=18 February 2011 |publisher=Radioandmusic.com}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|"Vellai Pookkal"
|Mani Ratnam
|-
|2009
|"[[Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)]]"
|Thomas Kloss<ref name="MTV . Viacom">{{cite web |title='Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)' Music Video |url=http://www.mtv.com/videos/pussycat-dolls/354316/jai-ho-you-are-my-destiny.jhtml#artist=1841713 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321014151/http://www.mtv.com/videos/pussycat-dolls/354316/jai-ho-you-are-my-destiny.jhtml#artist=1841713 |archive-date=21 March 2009 |access-date=18 February 2011 |publisher=MTV . Viacom}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|"[[Beautiful (Akon song)|Beautiful]]"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=A.R. Rahman features in Akon's music video 'Beautiful' |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/a-r-rahman-features-in-akons-music-video-beautiful/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 March 2009 |access-date=19 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|"[[Semmozhiyaana Tamizh Mozhiyaam]]"
|[[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]<ref name="Meera Srinivasan">{{cite news |author=Meera Srinivasan |date=14 May 2010 |title=Tamil meet anthem, audio-visual treat |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article429295.ece |access-date=18 February 2011 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
|"[[Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto]]"
|[[Bharatbala]]<ref name="deccanherald.com2">{{cite news |date=16 September 2010 |title=CWG theme song tweaked, to be peppier like 'Chake De' |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/97053/rahmans-games-anthem-now-more.html |access-date=18 February 2011 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2011
|"[[Changing Seasons (music video)|Changing Seasons]]"
|[[Mani Ratnam]], John Warner<ref name="Indiaglitz">{{cite web |date=19 January 2011 |title=A. R. Rahman's Changing Seasons – A Revival |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/63220.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121075814/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/63220.html |archive-date=21 January 2011 |access-date=18 February 2011 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref>
|-
|"[[If I Rise]]"
|<ref name="blogs.wsj.com">{{cite news |date=18 February 2011 |title=Exclusive: Dido and A.R. Rahman's 'If I Rise' Video |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/02/18/dido-and-ar-rahmans-if-i-rise-video/ |access-date=18 February 2011 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
|-
|"[[Miracle Worker]]"
|[[Paul Boyd (director)|Paul Boyd]]
|-
|"[[Satyameva Jayathe (song)|Satyameva Jayathe]]"
|Paul Boyd
|-
|2012
|"[[Infinite Love]]"
|Paul Boyd
|-
|2014
|"[[Raunaq (album)|Kismat Se]]"
|
|-
|2018
|"Jai Hind India"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
|"Sago"
|Amith Krishnan<ref name=":2" />
|-
|"Marvel Anthem"
|Punit Malhotra
|-
|"[[Singappenney (song)|Singappenney]]"
|[[Atlee (director)|Atlee]]
|-
|"For You My Love"
|[[Blinded by the Light (2019 film)]]
|-
|2020
|"You Got Me"
|Uma-Gaiti
AR Rahman ft Nexa Music Lab Winners- Nisa, Heat Sink, Jonathan, Pelenuo & Simetri
|-
|2021
|"Rihaayi De" Promotional Music Video - Mimi
|Rajesh Bhatia
|-
|2022
|Firdaus Sessions by A.R. Rahman featuring Dana Dajani - Spring
|Rajesh Bhatia
|-
|2022
|Untold Stories Firdaus Sessions A. R. Rahman featuring Seeta Qasemi
|Rajesh Bhatia
|-
|2022
|Firdaus Sessions by A.R. Rahman featuring Nirmika
|Rajesh Bhatia
|-
|2022
|Firdaus Studio Sessions by A. R. Rahman - Pain featuring Dana Dajani & Gouri Viravalli
|Rajesh Bhatia
|-
|2022
|Moopilla Thamizhe Thaaye (Tamil Anthem)
|Amith Krishnan
|}

=== Television ===
* ''[[Everest (Indian TV series)|Everest (telenovela)]]'' (2014)
* ''Harmony With A. R. Rahman'' (2014) [5 Episodes series at [[Amazon Prime Video]]]
* ''Syamasundara'' [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] theme song (1994)
* ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009]]'' (2009)
* ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2017]]'' (2017)
* [[The Voice (Indian TV series)]] as Super Guru
* Vijay TV Super Singer Season 6
* ''[[Nayanthara: Beyond the Fairytale]]''

==Awards==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by A. R. Rahman}}

A seven-time National Film Award winner and recipient of six [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], he has fifteen [[Filmfare Awards]] and sixteen [[Filmfare Awards South]] for his music.<ref name="Turns 44">{{cite web |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/4335762.cms |title=The golden boy of Indian music A R Rahman turns 44 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=Times Now |date=6 January 2010 |access-date=5 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045000/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/4335762.cms |archive-date=24 September 2014 }}</ref> Rahman has received a [[Kalaimamani]] from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] for excellence in the field of music, musical-achievement awards from the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|governments of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] and a [[Padma Shri Awards (2000–2009)|Padma Shri]] from the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/27/stories/02270005.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103022618/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/27/stories/02270005.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri awardees |work=The Hindu |date=26 January 2000 |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref>

In 2006, he received an award from [[Stanford University]] for his contributions to global music.<ref name="arstan06">{{cite web |author=Prakash, B.S. |title=Stanford University honours A R Rahman |work=Rediff.com |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/06bsp.htm |date=6 July 2006 |access-date=16 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207032524/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/06bsp.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, Rahman entered the ''[[Limca Book of Records]]'' as "Indian of the Year for Contribution to Popular Music".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/limca-book-records-felicitates-ar-rahman |title=Limca Book of records felicitates A.R. Rahman |date=16 March 2007 |publisher=Radioandmusic.com |access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> He received the 2008 Lifetime Achievement Award from the [[Rotary International|Rotary Club of Madras]].<ref name="A R Rahman Honored"/> In 2009, for his ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]'' score, Rahman won the [[Broadcast Film Critics Association Award]], the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]],<ref name="globes">{{cite web |title=66th Annual Golden Globe Awards |website=IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/features/rto/2009/globes |access-date=12 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214041722/http://www.imdb.com/features/rto/2009/globes |archive-date=14 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]] and two [[Academy Awards]] ([[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] and [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]], the latter shared with [[Gulzar]]) at the [[81st Academy Awards]].

He has received honorary doctorates from [[Middlesex University]], [[Aligarh Muslim University]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/More-laurels-for-Rahman/article15927903.ece |title=More laurels for Rahman |date=2 April 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 November 2016 |location=Chennai}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu"/> [[Anna University]] in Chennai and Miami University in Ohio.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/holnus/009200903030131.htm |title=Rahman to be awarded honorary doctorate |date=3 March 2009 |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103230113/http://www.hindu.com/holnus/009200903030131.htm |archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref> The composer has won two [[Grammy Award]]s: [[Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media|Best Compilation Soundtrack Album]] and [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media|Best Song Written for Visual Media]].<ref name="AFP">{{cite news |title=India's A.R. Rahman strikes Grammys gold |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hGgeRMlZ8ASQ9a-5v5AnbvmL0K9Q |access-date=1 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204030253/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hGgeRMlZ8ASQ9a-5v5AnbvmL0K9Q |archive-date=4 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rahman received the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third-highest civilian honour, in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/padma-bhushan-for-rahman-aamir-segal-gets-padma-vibhushan/story-iqK6QtOLNJc2S7zLUApM9H.html |title=Padma Bhushan for Rahman, Aamir; Segal gets Padma Vibhushan |access-date=29 November 2016 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

His work in ''[[127 Hours]]'' won him Golden Globe, BAFTA, and two Academy Award nominations (Best Original Music Score and Best Original Song) in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_127-hours-gets-ar-rahman-2-oscar-nominations_1499034 |title=127 Hours gets AR Rahman 2 Oscar nominations |work=Daily News and Analysis |location=India |date=25 January 2011 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Rahman-gets-BAFTA-nomination-for-127-Hours/Article1-651823.aspx |title=Rahman gets BAFTA nomination for 127 Hours |work=Hindustan Times |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |location=India |date=18 January 2011 |access-date=18 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119101911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Rahman-gets-BAFTA-nomination-for-127-Hours/Article1-651823.aspx |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations |title=The 68th Annual Golden Globe Award |publisher=[[Golden Globe Award]] |date=14 December 2010 |access-date=14 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225113948/http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations |archive-date=25 December 2010 }}</ref> Rahman is an Honorary Fellow of the [[Trinity College of Music]].<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/UJPJTpATdzM Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20130728202627/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJPJTpATdzM Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{Cite video |people=Ashanti Omkar, A.R. Rahman |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJPJTpATdzM |title=A.R Rahman interview 2010 part 1 – Vinnaithandi Varuvaayaa (VTV) – Thai Pongal special |medium=Web interview |publisher=Thamarai.com |location=London, UK |date=13 January 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

On 24 October 2014 Rahman was awarded an honorary doctorate from [[Berklee College of Music]] during a concert paying tribute to his music featuring an international cast of students. Upon receiving his award he commented that being honoured by Berklee illustrates how his life has come full circle, as at the start of his career, he had planned to study at Berklee before being offered the opportunity to score ''Roja''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hirsch |first1=Mark |title=With Berklee Honorary Degree, A.R. Rahman Comes Full Circle |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/music/2014/10/25/with-berklee-honorary-degree-rahman-comes-full-circle/hjGu55LAXAv1GDpgyvMelI/story.html |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref> During his 7 May 2012 acceptance speech of his honorary doctorate from [[Miami University]] in [[Ohio]], Rahman mentioned that he received a Christmas card from the family of the President of the United States and an invitation to dinner at the [[White House]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/hindi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210144/http://www.indiaglitz.com/hindi |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 August 2014 |title=Bollywood Cinema News – Bollywood Movie Reviews – Bollywood Movie Trailers – IndiaGlitz Bollywood |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> A street was named in his honour in Markham, Ontario, Canada in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Now a street named after AR Rahman in Canada |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/now-a-street-named-after-ar-rahman-in-canada-1214455.html |work=6 November 2013 |date=6 November 2013 |publisher=Firstpost.com |access-date=27 November 2013}}</ref>

On 4 October 2015, the government of Seychelles named A. R. Rahman ''Cultural Ambassador for Seychelles'' in appreciation of the "invaluable services contributed to enhance Seychelles' Arts and Culture development."<ref>{{cite web |title=A.R. Rahman – Mobile Uploads {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/arrahman/photos/a.10151911212826720.1073741826.63441126719/10153132046566720/?type=3&theater |website=Facebook.com |access-date=8 October 2015}}</ref>

In January 2018, He has been appointed as the Brand Ambassador of the [[Sikkim]] government. [[A.R. Rahman]] will promote and project the state's achievements nationally and globally.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/a-r-rahman-sikkim-brand-ambassador-5225307/ |title=AR Rahman appointed as the Brand Ambassador of Sikkim |date=20 June 2018 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=20 September 2019}}</ref> Rahman was honoured with the Pride of Indian Music award at the first Zee Cine Awards Tamil, held on 4 January 2020 in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-was-a-grand-affair-imagegallery-kollywood-ubho6zdafcife.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223714/https://www.sify.com/movies/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-was-a-grand-affair-imagegallery-kollywood-ubho6zdafcife.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 January 2020 |title=Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020 was a grand affair! |website=[[Sify]] |language=en |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>

The UK-based world-music magazine ''[[Songlines (magazine)|Songlines]]'' named him one of "Tomorrow's World Music Icons" in August 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=A. R. Rahman named in ''Songlines'' Tomorrow's World Music Icons' |work=[[ARC Music]] |url=http://www.arcmusic.co.uk/index.php?page=news#d240811 |access-date=24 August 2011}}</ref> For years, he has been regularly listed one among ''[[The 500 Most Influential Muslims]]'' in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Muslim 500: Allah Rakha Rahman |date=28 May 2018 |url=https://www.themuslim500.com/profiles/allah-rakha-a-r-rahman/ |language=en-US |access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Times of India on 22 most influential Muslims in India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 October 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/22-Indians-among-worlds-influential-Muslims/articleshow/49315830.cms |language=en-US |access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref>

On 17 November 2024, Rahman received the XTIC Award for Innovation in recognition of his VR film ''[[Le Musk]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=A.R. Rahman honoured with 'XTIC Award 2024 for Innovation' for VR film Le Musk |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ar-rahman-honoured-with-xtic-award-2024-for-innovation-for-vr-film-le-musk/article68879559.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=17 November 2024 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> The award was presented at [[IIT Madras|IIT-Madras]].

== Sales ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Sales !! Notes
|-
|1992||''[[Roja (soundtrack)|Roja]]''||30,00,000
|<ref name="90s">{{cite web |title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042906/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2010 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A.R. Rahman makes history with record breaking audio cassette sales of his debut film Roja|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19940115-ar-rahman-makes-history-with-record-breaking-audio-cassette-sales-of-his-debut-film-roja-808663-1994-01-14|work=[[India Today]]|date=15 January 1994}}</ref>
|-
|1993||''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''||3,00,000
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 1993 |title=Audio tape producers ride crest of Bollywood's music boom, composers become stars |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931130-audio-tape-producers-ride-crest-of-bollywoods-music-boom-composers-become-stars-811853-1993-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109094623/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19931130-audio-tape-producers-ride-crest-of-bollywoods-music-boom-composers-become-stars-811853-1993-11-30 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=9 November 2021 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|1995||''[[Bombay (soundtrack)|Bombay]]''||150,00,000
|<ref>{{cite news|title=The "Mozart of Madras" AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/hindi/en/audiotrack/mozart-madras-ar-rahman-performing-live-australia|agency=[[SBS (Australian TV channel)|SBS]]|date=14 February 2017|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145814/https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/hindi/en/audiotrack/mozart-madras-ar-rahman-performing-live-australia|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
||''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]''||32,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|''[[Kaadhalan (soundtrack)|Humse Hai Muqabla]]''||25,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|''[[Muthu (soundtrack)|Muthu]]''||4,00,000
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=12–18 November 1995 |title=Setting the Scene |magazine=Sunday |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20800/page/n881/mode/2up 22]–[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20800/page/n883/mode/2up 23]}}</ref>
|-
|1996||''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]''||24,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=3 July 2003 |title=Singing a different tune |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300410200.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040501172520/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300410200.htm |archive-date=1 May 2004 |access-date=3 July 2003 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|1997||''[[Minsara Kanavu|Sapnay]]''||25,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|''[[Daud (film)|Daud]]''||20,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|''[[Vande Mataram (album)|Vande Mataram]]'' (album)||15,00,000
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html|title=A Song For India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990302025128/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html |archive-date=2 March 1999 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2"|1998||''[[Dil Se..]]''||45,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>.
|-
|''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]''||18,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|rowspan="3"|1999||''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]''||40,00,000
|<ref name="90s"/>
|-
|''[[Padayappa (soundtrack)|Padayappa]]''||7,00,000
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balasubramanian |first=V |date=13 May 1999 |title=Cos' fancy for Rajinikant |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/05495DEA90500B0B65256940004D0DE2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322151904/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/05495DEA90500B0B65256940004D0DE2 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mudhalvan]]''
|3,00,000
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=11 November 2011 |title=Audio CDs stay in tune with digital era |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/audio-cds-stay-in-tune-with-digital-era/articleshow/10685325.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230622074018/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/audio-cds-stay-in-tune-with-digital-era/articleshow/10685325.cms |archive-date=22 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2000
|''[[Fiza]]''||25,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|''[[Alai Payuthey (soundtrack)|Alai Payuthey]]''||6,00,000
|<ref name="TT">{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Vinay |date=25 August 2000 |title=Gramophone pitch gets louder in the South -- Acquires rights for Telugu songs from Sea Records |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2000/08/26/stories/192602rg.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204015046/http://www.hindu.com/businessline/2000/08/26/stories/192602rg.htm |archive-date=4 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]''||4,00,000
|<ref name="TT"/>
|-
|''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]''
|3,50,000
|<ref name="TT"/>
|-
|rowspan=2"|2001||''[[Lagaan (soundtrack)|Lagaan]]''||28,00,000
|<ref name="00s">{{cite web |title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042845/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2010 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=5 February 2010}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nayak: The Real Hero]]''||14,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|2002||''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]''||20,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2004||''[[Swades]]''||13,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|''[[Kisna: The Warrior Poet]]''||12,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|2005||''[[Rang De Basanti (soundtrack)|Rang De Basanti]]''||19,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|2006||''[[Guru (soundtrack)|Guru]]''||11,50,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|2007||''[[Sivaji: The Boss (soundtrack)|Sivaji]]''||2,48,000
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/11-04-07-sivaji.html|title=First Week Report Exclusive|website=Behindwoods.com|date=4 May 2007|access-date=4 May 2007}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"|2008
|''[[Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture|Slumdog Millionaire]]''
|20,00,000
|<ref>{{cite news|title='Slumdog Millionaire' soundtrack sells 2 million units|url=http://www.neapolitan-music.com/slumdog-millionaire-soundtrack-sells-2-million-units/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127041710/http://www.neapolitan-music.com/slumdog-millionaire-soundtrack-sells-2-million-units/ |archive-date=27 January 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013|work=Neapolitan Music}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
|19,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na (soundtrack)|Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''
|15,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|''[[Jodhaa Akbar (soundtrack)|Jodhaa Akbar]]''
|11,00,000
|<ref name="00s"/>
|-
|2010||''[[Puli (soundtrack)|Puli]]''||7,60,000
|<ref>{{cite news|title='Komaram Puli' audio creates latest record!|url=http://telugu.way2movies.com/exclusivesingle_telugu/%E2%80%98Komaram-Puli%E2%80%99-audio-creates-latest-record!-4-45380.html|website=Telugu.way2movies.com|date=16 July 2010|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210063221/http://telugu.way2movies.com/exclusivesingle_telugu/%E2%80%98Komaram-Puli%E2%80%99-audio-creates-latest-record!-4-45380.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Chhaava]]''
|
|
|-
! Known album sales || {{N/A}} || 67,208,000 || {{N/A}}
|}

== Biographies ==
* {{cite book |author1=[[Nasreen Munni Kabir]] |title=A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |title-link=A. R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music |year=2011 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=978-93-80070-14-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |title-link=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |date=2009 |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |isbn=978-06-70083-71-8}}

==See also==
*[[KM Music Conservatory]]
*[[Sunshine Orchestra]]
*[[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]]
*[[Qutub-E-Kripa]]
*[[List of films directed by Mani Ratnam featuring A. R. Rahman]]
*[[List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards]]
*[[List of Indian winners and nominees of the Academy Awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{Cite book |last=Allen |first=John |author2=Uck Lun Chun |author3=Allen Chun |author4=Ned Rossiter |author5=Brian Shoesmith |title=Refashioning Pop Music in Asia |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-7007-1401-8}}
* {{Cite book |title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music |last=Arnold |first=Alison |year=2000 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=Brégeat |first=Raïssa |title=Indomania: le cinéma indien des origines à nos jours |page=133 |publisher=Cinémathèque française |language=fr |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-900596-14-2 |year=1995}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Cinemaya 1998 |year=1998 |page=9 |issue=39–41 |periodical=[[Cinemaya]] |location=New Delhi |issn=0970-8782 |oclc=19234070}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Shohini |title=Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia |chapter=Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2005 |location=[[Edinburgh]] |isbn=0-7486-1799-X}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cowie |first=Peter |title=Variety International Film Guide 1995 |year=1994 |page=204 |edition=31st|location=London/Hollywood|isbn=978-0-600-58516-9 |oclc=221419104}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Cinemaya 1998 |year=1998 |page=9 |issue=39–41 |periodical=[[Cinemaya]] |location=New Delhi |issn=0970-8782 |oclc=19234070}}
* {{Cite book |last=Eur |first=Andy Gregory |title=The International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002 |chapter=A. R. Rahman |isbn=978-1-85743-161-2 |publisher=Routledge |year=2002}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-28854-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bollywoodguidebo0000gant}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Vijaya |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |year=2007 |location=[[Michigan]] |isbn=978-0-8108-5379-9}}
* {{Cite book |title=Continuum encyclopaedia of popular music of the world |first=John |last=Shepherd |year=2005 |publisher=Continuum |location=London, New York |volume=3–7 |isbn=0-8264-6321-5 |pages=80–81 |oclc=444486924}}
* {{Cite book |last=Slobin |first=Mark |author2=Gregory Booth |author3=Joseph Getter |author4=B. Balasubrahmaniyan |title=Global soundtracks: worlds of film music |chapter=Tamil Film Music: Sound and Significance |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=2008 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-8195-6881-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Terska Ciecko |first=Anne |title=Contemporary Asian Cinema: Popular culture in a Global Frame |publisher=Berg Publishers |year=2006 |location=Berg |isbn=1-84520-237-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Todd Titon |first=Jeff |author2=Linda Fujie |author3=David Locke |author4=David P. McAllester |author4-link=David P. McAllester |title=Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples |chapter=India/South India |publisher=Thomson Shirmer |year=2005 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-534-62757-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Todd Titon |first=Jeff |title=Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples |chapter=India/South India |edition=5th |publisher=Schirmer Cengage Learning |year=2009 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-534-59539-5}}
* {{Cite book |title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry |last=Velayutham |first=Selvaraj |year=2008 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-39680-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vishwanathan |first=T. |author2=Matthew Harp-Allen |title=Music in South India: The Karṇāṭak Concert Tradition and Beyond: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/musicinsouthindi00visw |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |location=USA |isbn=978-0-19-514591-5}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|A. R. Rahman}}

* {{Official website|url=http://www.arrahman.com}}
* [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p278580|pure_url=yes}} A. R. Rahman] at [[AllMusic]]
* [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=a.r. rahman|bio=true}} A. R. Rahman] at [[Billboard.com]]
* {{IMDb name|id=0006246}}
* [https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ar-rahman A.R. Rahman Interview] at [[NAMM Oral History Program|NAMM Oral History Collection]] (2013)

{{A. R. Rahman|state=expanded}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by A. R. Rahman|Awards for A. R. Rahman]]
|list =
{{AcademyAwardBestOriginalScore 2001-2020}}
{{AcademyAwardBestOriginalSong 2001–2010}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Original Music}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score}}
{{CineMAA Award for Best Music Director}}
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Composer}}
{{Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestMusicDirector}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTamilMusicDirector}}
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score}}
{{Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media}}
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Music}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestMusicDirection}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Satellite Award for Best Original Score}}
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestMusicDirector}}
{{WSA for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film}}
{{WSA – Public Choice}}
}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|wikiquote =yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, A. R.}}
[[Category:A. R. Rahman| ]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College of Music]]
[[Category:Best Original Music BAFTA Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Music Direction National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Background Score National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Original Song Academy Award–winning songwriters]]
[[Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Columbia Records artists]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Golden Globe Award–winning musicians]]
[[Category:Golden Globe Award winners]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:Singers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian Academy Award winners]]
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]
[[Category:Jingle composers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:SuperHeavy members]]
[[Category:Qadiri order]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Hinduism]]

Postage stamps and postal history of Portuguese India

2026-01-23T23:01:16Z

3muhammed4:

{{short description|none}}
[[File:Portuguese India.png|thumb|right|Portuguese India in 1961]]
'''The postal history of Portuguese India''' goes back to the earlier days of the colony. The [[postal history]] begins with communication between the Viceroy and the Court at [[Lisbon]] soon after the conquest of [[Goa Velha|Old Goa]] by [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] in 1510. Letters, written in triplicate, were carried by separate ships because of the hazards of the voyage. Mail was carried by an overland route, as well.<ref>[http://www.fep.up.pt/docentes/cpimenta/lazer/html/ebook/bfd001_i.pdf Joaquim Leote, ''The Native Stamps of Portuguese Índia. Some Considerations,'' Edições Húmus Ldª (2006), pp. 11-12.] {{ISBN|972-99937-0-X}}</ref> The early communications of [[Portuguese India]] had an official character and the correspondence is now to be found in museums and governmental and ecclesiastical archives.

==Early mails==
[[File:Damaun 13.jpg|thumb|right|A stamp of the [[British East India Company]], cancelled with the [[Daman and Diu|Damaun]] postmark in Portuguese India]]
Regular [[mail]] is known to have been exchanged with [[Lisbon]] from 1825 on. Portuguese Indian [[postmark]]s are known from 1854, when a post office opened in [[Goa]] and an [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] [[Postage stamps and postal history of India|British East India Company]] post office opened in [[Daman and Diu|Damaun]]. A Portuguese Indian post office opened at [[Diu, India|Diu]], also, in 1880.

The British East India Company post office in Damaun, selling British Indian stamps, was maintained between 1854 and November 1883. The Damaun cancellation showed "13" within downward sloping diagonal bars, a "used abroad" Renouf "Type 4" cancellation. [[Postage stamps and postal history of India|British India postage stamps]] were also available at the Portuguese post office at Goa from 1854 until 1877.<ref>Robson Lowe, ''Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps,'' v.III, London (1951), pp. 288 and 545.</ref>

Before the [[Universal Postal Union]] was [[Treaty of Bern|established]] in 1874, a country had to conclude a separate postal treaty with each other country with which it transacted international mail. Portugal had a [[postal convention]] with [[Great Britain]], so mail was routed through [[Bombay]] and carried on British [[Packet (sea transport)|packet]]s.

==First stamps==
The first [[postage stamp]]s of Portuguese India were issued 1 October 1871.<ref>[http://www.fep.up.pt/docentes/cpimenta/lazer/html/ebook/bfd001_i.pdf Joaquim Leote, ''The Native Stamps of Portuguese Índia. Some Considerations,'' Edições Húmus Ldª (2006), p. 25.] {{ISBN|972-99937-0-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/asia/portuguese-india/ |title= Portuguese India | Stamps and postal history | StampWorldHistory|website= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180503205638/http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/asia/portuguese-india/|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date= 2018-05-03}}{{title missing|date=May 2022}}</ref> These were issued for local use within the colony. Stamps of [[British India]] were required for overseas mail.

The design of these first stamps simply consisted of a denomination in the center, with an oval band containing the inscriptions "SERVIÇO POSTAL" and "INDIA PORT.". The dies were recut several times and printed on several kinds of paper, resulting in an extremely complicated situation that has been intensively studied; about 55 types have been identified as appearing between 1871 and 1877, some of which are quite rare.

==Regular issues==
[[File:Felipe Nery Xavier stamp photo 1956.jpg|thumb|upright|A 1956 stamp commemorating the 450th anniversary of Portuguese India with a portrait of [[Filipe Nery Xavier]]]]
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}}
In 1877, Portugal included India in its standard "crown" issue, with nine values ranging from 5{{nbsp}}r to 300{{nbsp}}r. These stamps ran out in 1881 and the old local stamps were [[Overprint|surcharge]]d with various values, resulting in nearly 100 distinct types. Additional "crown" stamps arrived in 1882, but in the following year were supplemented by additional values of the original local design.

From 1886 on, the pattern of regular stamp issues followed that of the other colonies closely, the main exception being a series of surcharges in 1912 produced by perforating existing stamps vertically through the middle and overprinting a new value on each side.

In 1925, a [[commemorative stamp]] marked the 400th anniversary of the death of [[Vasco da Gama]] and in December 1931 a set of six promoted the [[Francis Xavier|Exposition of St. Francis Xavier]] held at [[Goa]]. Sets of stamps in 1946 and 1948 commemorated notable historical figures related to the colony. Portuguese India's first [[stamp exhibition]], in 1952, was commemorated with a pair of stamps; one reproducing the design of the first issue, the other depicting St. [[Francis Xavier]]. A 1956 series commemorated the 450th anniversary of Portuguese settlements in India, and included portraits and maps of old forts, while a 1959 series depicted various coins.

==Last stamps==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}}
The last regular issue was on 25 June 1960, marking the 500th anniversary of the death of Prince [[Henry the Navigator]]. Stamps of India were first used 29 December 1961, although the old stamps were accepted until 5 January 1962. Portugal continued to issue stamps for the lost colony, yet none of these were ever offered for sale in the colony's post offices and are thus not considered valid stamps.

The territories of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] were [[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|annexed from Portuguese rule]] in 1954, and they enjoyed de facto independence until being formally incorporated into India after the [[Annexation of Goa]] in 1961. During these years, mail from Dadra and Nagar Haveli was routed through the Indian town of [[Vapi]] close to the border. Initially, remaining stocks of stamps of Portuguese India were overprinted LIBERATED AREAS in two lines.

==See also==
* [[Portuguese India]]
* [[Postage stamps and postal history of India]]

==References and sources==
;References
{{reflist}}
;Sources
*[[Gilbert Harrison (philatelist)|Harrison, Gilbert]] & Lieut. F. H. Napier, R.N. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=o9FAAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA5 Portuguese India]''. London: [[Stanley Gibbons]], 1893. (Reprinted from articles in ''Stanley Gibbons' Monthly Journal''.)

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090108191015/http://www.jl.sl.btinternet.co.uk/stampsite/alpha/p/pmpz.html#p061 The Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704165532/http://www.portugal.tabacaria.com.pt/Nativos/intro.htm João Manuel Mimoso, "An introduction to the 'Native Stamps' types of Portuguese India"]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070701225857/http://www.portugal.tabacaria.com.pt/IndexNatIndia.htm João Manuel Mimoso, "Forgeries of the Native Stamps of Portuguese India"]

{{PostalhistoryAsia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Postage Stamps And Postal History Of Portuguese India}}
[[Category:Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Philately of India]]
[[Category:Philately of Portugal]]

Jayaraman Gowrishankar

2026-01-14T13:16:13Z

3muhammed4: cleanup formatting additionally and cleaned formatting per sources

{{Short description|Indian medical microbiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Jayaraman Gowrishankar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1956}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| field = [[Biology]]
| work_institution = [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]]
[[Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics]]
[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali]]<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gowrishankar-is-new-iiser-director/story-SIrwHv5075F7oA1opiyJrI.html Gowrishankar is new IISER director], 'Hindustan Times'</ref>
| alma_mater = [[University of Madras]], [[University of Melbourne]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2013)
| known_for =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jayaraman Gowrishankar''' (born 1956) is an Indian [[medical]] [[microbiologist]]. Gowrishankar received his [[M.B.B.S.]] degree from the [[Christian Medical College, Vellore]]. He holds [[Doctor of philosophy]] in bacterial genetics from the [[University of Melbourne]].

He was a Scientist and Group Leader at the [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] in Hyderabad. In 2000, he was positioned as director for [[Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/asfm-tas_7060612.php |title=The American Society for Microbiology honors Jayaraman Gowrishankar |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012040/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/asfm-tas_7060612.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> He served as director of the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali]] from 11 December 2019 till 2 March 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive Positions - IISER Mohali|url=http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/executive-positions/people/executive-positions|website=www.iisermohali.ac.in|access-date=18 September 2017|language=en-gb|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918201725/http://www.iisermohali.ac.in/executive-positions/people/executive-positions|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He was awarded in 1991, the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], the highest science award in [[India]], in the Biological sciences category.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=P01-1293 |title=INSA |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090941/http://insaindia.org/detail.php?id=P01-1293 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was awarded in 2013, the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian honour, for his contribution towards the field of science.<ref name=pib4>{{cite press release|title=Padma Awards Announced|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=91838|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2013|access-date=24 February 2013}}</ref>

==Civilian honours==
*[[Padma Shri]] in 2013 by the Government of India.<ref name=pib4 />

==Research awards==
*INSA Medal for Young Scientists, 1986
*CSIR Young Scientist Award, 1987
*BM Birla Prize. 1991
*[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] for 1991
*JC Bose Fellowship, 2007
*The 2012 Moselio Schaechter Distinguished Service Award - [[American Society for Microbiology]]

==Research highlights==
*Discovery of the operon and its exquisite osmotic regulation
*Enunciation of a new hypothesis that toxic RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) are prone to occur from nascent untranslated transcripts in E coli.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gowrishankar, Jayaraman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian microbiologists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]

Theni Kunjarammal

2026-01-08T00:18:45Z

3muhammed4: fixed layout as per guidelines and added references

{{short description|Indian actress and playback singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Theni Kunjarammal
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_name = Kunjarammal
| alias =
| birth_date = c. 1934
| birth_place = [[Theni]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date = 18 April 2008
| instrument =
| genre =
| occupation = Actress, singer
| years_active = 1993–2008
| website =
}}

'''Theni Kunjarammal''' (died 18 April 2008) was an Indian actress and [[playback singer]] who worked in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]]. As a playback singer, she worked extensively with [[A. R. Rahman]] during the late 1990s and early 2000s on folk songs.

==Career==
As an actress, Kunjarammal was best known for playing elderly women in rural settings, and made a breakthrough with her performance in ''[[Karuththamma]]'' (1994) as a woman who feeds insecticide to baby girls. She later reprised the role in [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]'s comedy track in ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' (2003).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e07vBwAAQBAJ&q=karuthamma+infanticide&pg=PA338 |title=PRIDE OF TAMIL CINEMA: 1931 TO 2013: Tamil Films that have earned National ... - G Dhananjayan - Google Books |date= 3 November 2014|accessdate=2017-11-04|last1=Dhananjayan |first1=G. }}</ref>

Theni Kunjarammal also worked as a singer in films and regularly collaborated with [[A. R. Rahman]] on folk songs. The duo first worked together on "Pettai Rap" from ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' (1994), and later collaborated on albums including ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' (1995), ''[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1999), and ''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-03/30-07-06-sillunnu-oru-kadhal.html |title=Tamil movies : Sillunnu Oru Kadhal audio hit the internet |publisher=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=2017-11-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sok-rocks-tamil-news-24600|title = SOK rocks - Tamil News|date = 18 August 2006}}</ref> She also worked with other composers including [[Ilaiyaraaja]] in ''[[Virumaandi]]'' (2004) and [[Harris Jayaraj]] in ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' (2004).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mouthshut.com/review/Virumandi-Songs-review-qsmuulntp |title=VIRUMANDI SONGS - Review, Music, Wallpapers, Songs, MP3 songs, Actress, Movie Songs, Sandiyar as Virumandi-the most awaited |publisher=MouthShut.com |date=2003-12-10 |accessdate=2017-11-04}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In June 2006, Kunjarammal joined the political party, [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) in the presence of its general secretary [[Jayalalithaa]]. Upon her acceptance into the party, Kunjarammal performed a song for Jayalalithaa on stage.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/theni-kunjarammal-joins-aiadmk/article3123279.ece |title='Theni' Kunjarammal joins AIADMK|first=S.|last=Dorairaj|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 June 2006|accessdate=1 July 2020}}</ref>

==Notable filmography==
;Films
{{colbegin}}
*''[[Vedham Pudhithu]]'' (1987)
*''[[Pudhea Paadhai]]'' (1989)
*''[[Maruthu Pandi]]'' (1990)
*''[[Archana IAS]]'' (1991)
*''[[Amma Ponnu]]'' (1993)
*''[[Karuththamma]]'' (1994) (uncredited)
*''[[Thaai Manasu]]'' (1994)
*''[[Naan Petha Magane]]'' (1995)
*''[[Mannukku Mariyadhai]]'' (1995)
*''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]'' (1997)
*''[[Gopura Deepam]]'' (1997)
*''[[Rathna (film)|Rathna]]'' (1998)
*''[[Kizhakkum Merkkum]]'' (1998)
*''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' (1999)
*''[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (1999)
*''[[Kushi (2000 film)|Kushi]]'' (2000)
*''[[Budget Padmanabhan]]'' (2000)
*''[[12B]]'' (2001) (uncredited)
*''[[Dhaya (film)|Dhaya]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Priyamaina Neeku|Kaadhal Sugamanathu]]'' (2003)
*''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]'' (2003)
*''[[Whistle (2003 film)|Whistle]]'' (2003)
*''[[Jore (film)|Jore]]'' (2004)
*''[[Virumaandi]]'' (2004)
*''[[Jananam]]'' (2004)
*''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' (2005)
*''[[Thirupaachi]]'' (2005)
*''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]'' (2005)
*''[[Paramasivan]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kai Vandha Kalai]]'' (2006) (uncredited)
*''[[Theekuchi]]'' (2008)
*''[[Dhaam Dhoom]]'' (2008)
{{colend}}

===Television===
*2004-2005 ''Krishna Cottage'' ([[Jaya TV]])
*''Maya Machantra'' (STAR Vijay)

==Notable discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|-
! Year !! Song title !! Film !! Music director !! Co-singer || Notes
|-
| 1994 || "Pettai Rap" || ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' || [[A. R. Rahman]] || [[Suresh Peters]] & [[Shahul Hameed]] ||
|-
| 1994 || "Peta Rap" || ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' (D) - Telugu || [[A. R. Rahman]] || [[Suresh Peters]] & [[Shahul Hameed]] ||
|-
| 1994 || "Araro Ariraro" || ''[[Karuththamma]]'' || A. R. Rahman || [[T. K. Kala]] & [[Deepan Chakravarthy]] ||
|-
| 1995 || "Kokku Saiva Kokku" || ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' || A. R. Rahman || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]], [[Ganga Sitharasu]] & [[A. R. Rahman]] ||
|-
| 1999 || "Adi Manjakelange" || ''[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' || A. R. Rahman || [[Ganga Sitharasu]], [[Febi Mani]] & Kanchana ||
|-
| 1999 || "Kizhakke Nandavanam" || ''[[Taj Mahal (1999 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' || A. R. Rahman || [[Ganga Sitharasu]], [[Febi Mani]] & Kanchana ||
|-
| 2004 || "Maada Vilakkae" || ''[[Virumaandi]]'' || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || [[Kamal Haasan]] ||
|-
| 2004 || "Magarasiyae Manna Vitu Poniyae" || ''[[Virumaandi]]'' || Ilaiyaraaja || ||
|-
| 2004 || "Ukkadathu" || ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' || Harris Jayaraj || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]] & [[L. R. Easwari]] ||
|-
| 2006 || "Kummi Adi" || ''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]'' || A. R. Rahman || [[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[Naresh Iyer]] & Vignesh ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2193432}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunjarammal, Theni}}
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian women comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

Calcutta Institute of Technology

2026-01-02T21:22:53Z

3muhammed4: edit

{{short description|College in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = '''Calcutta Institute Of Technology'''
| other_name = C.I.T. (সি‌. আই. টি.)
| native_name ='''ক্যালকাটা ইনস্টিটিউট অফ্ টেকনোলজি'''
| native_name_lang = bn
| motto = "Education is the main Power in the world."
| image =
| caption =
'''সি.আই.টি উলুবেড়িয়া হাওড়া'''
| established = {{Unbulleted|{{start date and age|2004}};|
[[IBM]],[[Institution of Engineers (India)|IEI]] and the Uluberia Rural Society for the Care of Health and Research Development (U.R.S.C.H.A.R.D).}}
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| founders = {{Unbulleted|
*'''U.R.S.C.H.A.R.D'''|
*'''C.I.T'''|
*'''C.I.P.T'''|
*'''B.A.S'''|}}

| address = Banitabla, Uluberia, Howrah-711316
| city = [[Uluberia]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| postalcode = 711316
| coor = {{coord|22|28|50.68|N|88|04|31.93|E|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| students =
| faculty = 70 (approx)
| administrative_staff = 15 (approx)
| dean = *'''Gon Chaudhuri.'''
| principal =
{{Unbulleted list|
*'''Bhanoji Rao.'''|
*'''Priyabrata Sarkar.'''|
*'''Ruchira Chakraborty.'''}}
| website = {{Unbulleted|
*{{URL|https://urschard.in/}}|
*{{URL|http://cit.urschard.in/}}|
*{{URL|http://cipt.urschard.in/}}|
*{{URL|http://bharatacademyandsciences.org/}}|
*{{URL|https://citulb.in/}}|}}
| colors =
| academic_affiliations = {{Unbulleted|
*'''[[The Institution of Engineers (India)|IEI]]'''|
*'''[[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]'''|
*'''[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology|MAKAUT]]'''|
*'''[[West Bengal State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development|WBSCTE]]'''|
*'''[[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|CISCE]]'''}}
| footnotes = '''URSCHARD • CIT • CIPT • BAS'''
}}

'''Calcutta Institute of Technology''' (commonly CIT) & '''Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & Allied Health Sciences''' (commonly CIPT) is a co-educational private school & pharmacy, b.ed & engineering college with Primary to higher secondary English medium school '''Bharat Academy & Sciences'''(commonly BAS) & '''Uluberia Rural Society for Care of Health and Research Development''' (Commonly URSCHARD) located in Uluberia, [[West Bengal]], [[India]] offers English medium school affiliated
to [[Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations]] (CISCE)
diploma & degree engineering all courses which are affiliated to [[All India Council for Technical Education]](AICTE),[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]](MAKAUT),<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Colleges & Its Courses Affiliated by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (formerly West Bengal University of Technology) for the Academic Year 2020-2021 (As on 27.07.2020) |url=https://makautwb.ac.in/big_files/College%20list-2020-21-27-07-2020.pdf |website=Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> West Bengal State Council of Technical Education (WBSCTE).

This group is officially affiliated: Calcutta Institute of Technology (URSCHARD).
*Uluberia Rural Society for Care of Health and Research Development
*Uluberia Calcutta Institute Of Technology
*Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & Allied Health Sciences
*Bharat Academy & Sciences

==See also==
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
*[[Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*http://bciedu.org/colleges/cit.php
*https://web.archive.org/web/20090619091259/http://www.wbut.net/

{{West Bengal University of Technology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Howrah district]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2004]]

{{Kolkata-university-stub}}

Wangnam Wangshu

2025-12-30T10:05:37Z

3muhammed4: added basic entry initial version

'''Wangnam Wangshu''' (1950-2010/2011) was an Indian politician. He was born in 1950 in Chopnu village of [[Tirap District]], the son of Wangdun Wangshu.<ref name=ane/> He studied at J.N. College in [[Pasighat]], and became a sergeant in the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|Senior NCC Unit]].<ref name=ane/> He became involved in socio-political issues as a student.<ref name=ane/> He was elected to the first [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978 election]], standing as the [[Janata Party]] candidate in the [[Pongchau-Wakka Assembly constituency|Pongchau-Wakka constituency]]. He obtained 1,344 votes (59.63%).<ref name=eciar78>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425071519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2078.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1978 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH]''</ref>

In the [[1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], he was elected unopposed from the [[Niausa–Kanubari Assembly constituency|Niausa–Kanubari constituency]], standing as a [[People's Party of Arunachal]] candidate.<ref name=eciar80>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509004928/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportArunachal%20Pradesh%201980.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1980 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH]''</ref><ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Times_of_India_Directory_and_Year_Bo/W4XiAAAAMAAJ The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who]''. n.p, 1980. p. 828</ref> He later joined the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/The_Times_of_India_Directory_and_Year_Bo/ke4gAQAAMAAJ The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who]''. Bennett, Coleman & Company, 1983. p. 865</ref> In the subsequent [[1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], the Niausa-Kanubari seat was not uncontested, on the contrary it had the highest number (ten) of candidates in the fray.<ref name=eciar84>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424150248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReport%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%2084.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1984 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH]''</ref> Wangnam Wangshu, standing as an [[Independent (politician)|independent]] finished in fourth place with 497 votes (8.64%).<ref name=eciar84/>

Wangnam Wangshu lived in [[Longding]], Tirap District.<ref name=ane/> His interests included hunting, fishing, reading and sports like football and volleyball.<ref name=ane>''[https://www.google.at/books/edition/Arunachal_News/Bqy1AAAAIAAJ Arunachal News]''. Vol. 9, Issues 1-4. 1980. p. 6</ref> He died in the early 2010s.<ref>''[https://eparlib.sansad.in/handle/123456789/58536?view_type=search The Journal of Parliamentary Information]'', Vol. 57, issue 2. 2011. p. 206</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:People's Party of Arunachal politicians]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 1978–1980]]
[[Category:Arunachal Pradesh MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:2010s deaths]]

1945 IFA Shield final

2025-12-23T21:17:12Z

3muhammed4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 1945 IFA Shield final
| image = 1945 IFA Shield Final - East bengal captain P chakraborty and Mohun Bagan captain Anil Dey.png
| caption = East Bengal captain Paritosh Chakravarti and Mohun Bagan captain Anil Dey before the start of the match
| event = [[IFA Shield|1945 IFA Shield]]
| team1 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
| team2score = 0
| details =
| date = 9 August 1945
| stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]]
| city = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| man_of_the_match1a =
| referee = Segt. McBride
| attendance =
| weather =
| previous = 1944
| next = 1947
}}

The '''1945 IFA Shield final''' was the 53rd final of the [[IFA Shield]], the second oldest football competition in [[India]], and was contested between Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] on 9 August 1945 at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]] in Kolkata.

East Bengal won the final 1–0 to claim their 2nd IFA Shield title. [[Fred Pugsley]] scored the only goal of the match in the second half as East Bengal lifted their second IFA Shield title.<ref name=rsssf>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=10 October 2022|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref>

==Route to the final==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan="2"| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
!Round
!colspan="2"| [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|Round
|Opponent
|colspan="1"|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Barisal F.A.
|colspan="1"|2–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Second Round
|style="text-align:left"|B & A Railway
|colspan="1"|2–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad City Police FC|Hyderabad Police]]
|colspan="1"|2–0
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Third Round
|style="text-align:left"|[[Wari Club Dhaka]]
|colspan="1"|1–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Bogra Town
|colspan="1"|3–1
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Quarter–Final
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|colspan="1"|2–0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|colspan="1"|2–1
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Semi–Final
|style="text-align:left"|[[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|Calcutta F.C.]]
|colspan="1"|1–0
|-
|}

==Match==
===Summary===
The IFA Shield final began at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]] in Kolkata on 9 August 1945 in front of a packed crowd as Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] faced each other in a [[Kolkata Derby]] for the first time ever in a major tournament final. East Bengal reached their fourth consecutive final, having lost the previous one to [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Bengal Railway]] in 1944. Mohun Bagan also made their fourth appearance in the final after having lost the previous two in 1923 and 1940, being champions in 1911, after they defeated [[Calcutta Cricket and Football Club|Calcutta F.C.]] 1–0 in the semi-final.<ref name=rsssf/>

East Bengal however, were dominant from the start as they created multiple scoring opportunities with their forward line consisting of [[Fred Pugsley]], Appa Rao, Sunil Ghosh, Swami Nayar, and T. Kar constantly creating pressure on the Mohun Bagan defense. The Mohun Bagan custodian D. Sen made a few excellent saves to keep them in the match however, it was in the sixteenth minute of the second half when a powerful attempt by Sunil Ghosh got deflected of a defender and fell onto the feet of Pugsley, who scored with a powerful right footed shot to make in 1–0. Mohun Bagan did get a few chances in the dying minutes of the match but East Bengal goalkeeper A. Mukherjee managed to keep a clean sheet as East Bengal lifted their second IFA Shield title.<ref name=final>{{cite news |date=10 August 1945 |title=EAST BENGAL ANNEX I.F.A. SHIELD |language=en |work=Amrita Bazar Patrika }}</ref><ref name=final1>{{cite news |date=10 August 1945 |title=ইস্টবেঙ্গল দলের দ্বিতীয়বার আই এফ এ শিল্ড বিজয় |trans-title=East Bengal are the IFA Shield Champions for the second time |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debayan|last=Sen|date=1 August 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|title=A century of excellence: East Bengal's greatest hits|work=ESPN|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jaydeep|last=Basu|date=15 April 2020|url=https://www.newsclick.in/fred-pugsley-anglo-burmese-refugee-who-helped-shape-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-rivalry|title=Fred Pugsley: The Anglo-Burmese Refugee Who Helped Shape the East Bengal-Mohun Bagan Rivalry|work=News Click|accessdate=19 November 2022}}</ref>

===Details===
{{footballbox
|date=9 August 1945
|time=14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|report=
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
|score= 1–0
|goals1=[[Fred Pugsley|Pugsley]] {{goal|41}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]], [[Kolkata]]
|attendance=30,000 (est.)
|referee=Segt. McBride}}

{| width=92%
|-
|{{Football kit
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home
|pattern_la =
|pattern_ra =
|pattern_sh =
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes
|leftarm = FFDF00
|body = FFDF00
|rightarm = FF0000
|shorts = 000000
|socks = FF0000
|title = East Bengal
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 234f1e
| body = 800000
| rightarm = 234f1e
| shorts = ffffff
| socks = ffffff
| title = Mohun Bagan
}}
|}

{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Amitabha Mukherjee
|-
|CB || ||{{flagicon|British India}} N. Guha
|-
|CB || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Paritosh Chakravarti ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Dhirendranath Chanda
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} [[S. M. Kaiser]]
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} [[Mahabir Prasad (footballer)|Mohabir Prasad]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Titu Kar
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} M. Apparao
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British Burma}} [[Fred Pugsley]]
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Sunil Ghosh
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Swami Nayar
|-
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Dwipen Sen
|-
|CB || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Sarat Das
|-
|CB || ||{{flagicon|British India}} [[Sailen Manna]]
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Anil Dey ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} [[Talimeren Ao]]
|-
|CM || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Dwipen Sen
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Nirmal Chatterjee
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Butchi
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Bijon Bose
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Nimu Bose
|-
|FW || ||{{flagicon|British India}} Nirmal Mukherjee
|-
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"

|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*50 minutes.
*Joint winners if both finals ends in a draw
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html IFA Shield Finals]

{{IFA Shield}}
{{East Bengal Club}}
{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}

[[Category:IFA Shield finals]]
[[Category:1945–46 in Indian football]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club matches]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant matches]]
[[Category:Football competitions in Kolkata]]

List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Hindi

2025-12-04T02:55:55Z

3muhammed4: made article!

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''[[Yuva Puraskar]]''' is given each year to young writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2011.

==Recipients==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Yuva Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Hindi language|Hindi]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="timesofindia-economictimes 2015">{{cite web | title=Some Sahitya Yuva Puraskar awardees 'condemn' intolerance | website=timesofindia-economictimes | date=2015-11-19 | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-19/news/68412654_1_sahitya-akademi-religious-intolerance-young-writers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609175500/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-19/news/68412654_1_sahitya-akademi-religious-intolerance-young-writers | url-status=dead | archive-date=9 June 2016 | access-date=2016-05-05}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class=unsortable|References
|-
| 2011 || Uma Shankar Choudhary || ''Kahte Hain Tab Shanshaah So Rahe The'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || Kunal Singh || ''Aadigram Upakhyan'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2013 || Archana Bhensare || ''Kucch Boodhi Udaas Auratein'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2014 || Kumar Anupam || ''Barish Mera Ghar Hai'' || Poetry || <ref>{{cite news |title=Poetry dominates Sahitya Akademi Yuva awards |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/poetry-dominates-sahitya-akademi-yuva-awards/article6342960.ece |work=The Hindu |date=22 August 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Indira Dangi || ''Haveli Sanatanpur'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2016 || [[Nilotpal Mrinal]]|| ''Dark Horse - Ek Anakahi Dastan'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2017 || Taro Sindik || ''Aksharo Ki Vinti'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2018 || Aasteek Vajpeyi || ''Thartharahat'' || Poetry || <ref name="India 2018">{{cite web | title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners for Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 | website=Business Standard News | date=2018-06-22 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-for-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2018-118062200794_1.html | access-date=2018-06-22}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Anuj Lugun || ''Baagh Aur Sugna Munda Ki Beti'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2020 || Ankit Narwal || ''U.R. Ananthamurti Pratirodh ka Vikalp'' || Criticism || <ref name="Deccan Herald">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2020 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2020-961327.html |website=www.deccanherald.com |date=2021-03-12 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Himanshu Vajpai || ''Kissa Kissa Lucknowa - Lucknow ke Awami Kisse'' || Short Stories ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-megha-majumdar-7699167/|title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021|date= 31 December 2021|publisher=indianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards, Yuva Puraskar and Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/sahitya-akademi-awards-yuva-puraskar-and-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021-announced/articleshow/88596074.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=timesofindia.com |date=2021-12-30 |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021 |url=https://staging.theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021/792021/ |website=staging.theprint.in |date=2021-12-31 |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2022 || Bhagwant Anmol || ''Pramey'' ||Novel ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2022 |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/lifestyle/article/sahitya-akademi-yuva-and-bal-sahityakar-puraskar-2022-winner-list-bhagwant-anmol-gets-for-hindi-book-pramey/435344/ |website=timesnowhindi.com |date=2022-08-24 |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2023 || [[Atul Kumar Rai]] || ''Chandpur Ki Chanda'' ||Novel ||<ref>{{cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2023|url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_YP-2023.pdf|access-date=27 June 2023|website=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Gaurav Pandey || ''Smritiyon Ke Beech Ghiri Hai Prithvi'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || [[Parvati Tirkey]] || ''Phir Ugna'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-18 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025/articleshow/121930724.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Hindi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp Yuva Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
* [https://bestcurrentaffairs.com/sahitya-akademi-yuva-puraskar/ List of Yuva Puraskar Winners]

[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]

Barak River

2025-12-03T08:54:53Z

3muhammed4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Barak River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
| nickname = 
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption = Barak River winds through [[Silchar]] city
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| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
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| length_km = 900
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| source1 = Liyai Khullen Village
| source1_location = Khongnem, India
| source1_coordinates = {{Coord|25.3661|94.0633|format=dms|type:river}}
| source1_elevation = {{Convert|987|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| mouth_location = Kandigram Chaita, India
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|24.8764|92.4896|format=dms|type:river|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|14|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| progression =
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| basin_size_km2 = 52000
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The '''Barak River''' or '''Barbakro '''or '''Agu''' is a [[trans-boundary river]] in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]. It flows {{convert|900|km}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://asmenvis.nic.in/Database/Rivers_1049.aspx|title=Rivers|website=asmenvis.nic.in|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Surma-River|title=Surma River {{!}} river, Asia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> through the states of [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Assam]] in India. It flows into Bangladesh where it bifurcates into the [[Surma River]] and the [[Kushiyara River]] which converge again to become the [[Meghna River]] before forming the [[Ganges Delta]]. Of its total length, {{cvt|524|km}} is in India, {{cvt|31|km}} in Bangladesh. The upper part of its navigable part is in India — {{cvt|121|km}} between [[Lakhipur]] and Bhanga, declared as [[National Waterway 16|National Waterway 16, (NW-16)]] since the year 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rajya-sabha-passes-bill-to-declare-assam-river-as-national-waterway/articleshow/21821926.cms|title=Rajya Sabha passes Bill to declare Assam river as National Waterway|date=2013-08-14|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iwai.npglobal.in/waterways/national-waterways/national-waterways-16|title=National Waterways 16 {{!}} Inland Waterways Authority of India, Government of India|website=iwai.npglobal.in|access-date=2019-08-25|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825135624/http://iwai.npglobal.in/waterways/national-waterways/national-waterways-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> It drains a [[drainage basin|basin]] of {{convert|52000|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name=":0" /> of which {{convert|41723|km2|abbr=on}} lies in India, 1.38% (rounded) of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterresources.assam.gov.in/portlet-innerpage/barak-river-system|title=Barak River System {{!}} Water Resources {{!}} Government Of Assam, India|website=waterresources.assam.gov.in|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> The water and banks host or are visited by a wide variety of flora and fauna.

The principal [[tributaries]] are all in India: the [[Irang River|Irang]], [[Tuivai River|Tuivai]], [[River Sonai|Sonai (or Tuirial)]], the [[Jiri River|Jiri]], the Tlawng (or Dhaleswari, or Katakal), the [[Jatinga River|Jatinga]], the Longai and the Madhura.

[[Tipaimukh Dam]] is a proposed dam on the river itself.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gktoday.in/gk/the-controversy-of-tipaimukh-dam/|title=Tipaimukh Dam Controversy|website=GKToday|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-20}}</ref>

==Course==
[[File:Barak in Lakhipur.jpeg|thumb|Barak River in Lakhipur, Assam]]
From its source at Liyai Kullen Village{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} in the [[Senapati]] district of Manipur, where most people are of the [[Poumai Naga people|Poumai Naga]] tribe, the river is known as '''Vourei'''. Near its source, the river receives streams such as the Vehrei originating from Phuba Village, the Gumti, Howrah, Kagni, Senai Buri, Hari Mangal, Kakrai, Kurulia, Balujhuri, Shonaichhari and Durduria.

It flows southwest in [[Manipur]], until [[Tipaimukh]], where it makes an almost 180-degree U-turn. Then it flows north until [[Jirimukh]], and turns west flowing into the [[Cachar district]] of Assam. It enters Bangladesh at [[Bhanga Bazar]].

==Main tributaries==
The local rainfall run off of the [[Barak Valley|valley]] along with that of adjacent hilly areas flows through river Barak and its various tributaries and is drained out to Bangladesh. The Katakhal(Dhaleshwari), [[Jiri River|Jiri]], [[Chiri River|Chiri]], Modhura, [[Longai River|Longai]], Sonai, Rukni and Singla are the main tributaries of the valley. The tributaries are mainly rain-fed and cause flood problems when precipitation occurs. The Barak sub-basin drains areas in India, Bangladesh and Burma. The drainage area lying in India is 41723 km2 which is nearly 1.38% of the total geographical area of the country. It is on the north by the [[Barail Range]] separating it from the [[Brahmaputra]] sub-basin, on the east by the Na Lushai hills and on the south and west by [[Bangladesh]]. The sub-basin lies in the States of [[Meghalaya]], [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]] and [[Nagaland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterresources.assam.gov.in/portlet-innerpage/barak-river-system|title=Barak River System|publisher=Water Resources Department, Govt. of Assam}}</ref>

In Manipur, in its flow south-west to Tipaimukh, it is joined by the Tuivai, and then flows northward to Jirimukh where it is joined by the Jiri river from the north. From here the flow is westward into [[Cachar]], then [[Karimganj]] District of Assam, then to Sylhet in Bangladesh having a co-distributary the [[Surma River]], the other later becoming the [[Meghna]] before the [[Ganga]]-[[Brahmaputra]] delta. The [[Padma River|Padma]] joins it to become the Meghna.

== Wildlife ==
The Barak is among the richest rivers in the world as to aquatic biodiversity, as it contains more than 2,000 species of fish. Other creatures include River Barak or [[Siamese crocodile]] (a rare and endangered crocodilian), the [[susu dolphin]], [[smooth-coated otter]] and [[Mugger crocodile|black mugger crocodile]]. From its origin to its bifurcation at the border of Nagaland producing the [[Surma River]] the Barak is {{convert|564|km}} long.<ref name="WRIS">{{cite web|title=Barak and others|url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Barak_and_others|website=nrsc.gov.in|publisher=Water Resources Information System of India|language=en|date=27 October 2015|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404054004/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Barak_and_others|archive-date=4 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The entire stretch of the river has various biomes that are extremely rich in wildlife, including:
#[[Várzea forest|Varzea forest]] (flooded rainforest)
#Los llamjao ([[Flooded grasslands and savannas|flooded grassland and Savannah]])
#Tidal forest ([[mangrove]]s in vast Delta Avourei)
#Flora or vegetation of the Pats (flat-topped table mountains in India and western Cambodia)
#Very large [[Tropics|tropical]] [[swamp]]s.

== Environmental concerns ==
Environmentalists have expressed concern over the way aquatic creatures and their habitats are being destroyed in the upper reaches of river in southern Assam. Prominent nature conservation NGO Society for Activists for Forest and Environment (SAFE) has pointed out that the tribals living on both banks of Barak have developed the harmful practice of blasting small gelatin sticks smuggled from Mizoram to kill fish. In the process, thousands of fish, young and mature, along with turtles, dolphins and other aquatic life organisms are killed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/pollution/Concern-over-destruction-of-aquatic-creatures-in-river-Barak-in-Assam/articleshow/18315239.cms|title=Concern over destruction of aquatic creatures in river Barak in Assam|date=2013-02-03|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref>

The [[South Asian river dolphin|Ganges river dolphin]] is endangered. The proposed [[Tipaimukh Dam]] on the river in northeast India – a political controversy between India and Bangladesh – could hasten its extinction, researchers warn.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://thewire.in/environment/ganges-river-dolphin-barak-river-assam-endgame|title=Is the Endgame Inevitable for the Ganges River Dolphin in Assam's Barak River?|work=The Wire|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> Making a plea for conservation, researchers from Assam state in a study that the dolphin, India's national aquatic animal is heading towards “local extinction” in the river system of the state. “Factors like [[poaching]] (for oil and meat) and accidental mortalities in fishing gear, gradual habitat degradation by sluice gates, embankments, disturbances like motorboats and aquatic pollution have resulted in the extirpation of the resident dolphin population from the Barak river system of Assam,” M.K. Mazumder, corresponding author of the study, wrote.<ref name=":1" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Environment|Ecology}}
* [[List of rivers of India]]
* [[List of rivers of Bangladesh]]
* [[Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary]], a wildlife sanctuary on the river bank

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://nihroorkee.gov.in/rbis/basin%20maps/barak_about.htm |title=Barak Basin |website=National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515125409/http://nihroorkee.gov.in/rbis/basin%20maps/barak_about.htm |archive-date=15 May 2017}}

{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Assam]]
[[Category:Rivers of Manipur]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India border]]
[[Category:Cachar district]]
[[Category:Hailakandi district]]
[[Category:Karimganj district]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]

Achyutananda Mahananda

2025-11-29T20:36:03Z

3muhammed4: Put up some details from scratch

{{Short description|Indian politician (1924–1991)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Achyutananda Mahananda
| image =
| office1 = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Kantabanji Assembly constituency|Kantabanji]]
| term_start1 = 1971
| term_end1 = 1974
| constituency2 = [[Titlagarh Assembly constituency|Titlagarh]]
| term_start2 = 1957
| term_end2 = 1971
| constituency3 = [[Bolangir Assembly constituency|Bolangir]]
| term_start3 = 1952
| term_end3 = 1957
| office4 = Chief Whip of Government, [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
}}
'''Achyutananda Mahananda''' (21 April 1924{{emdash}}15 April 1991) was an Indian politician from [[Odisha]], known for his contributions to the state's political landscape and early Dalit politics in Odisha. He served as a cabinet minister in charge of Forest and Animal Husbandry during the tenure of Chief Minister Nandini Satpathy and was elected as a Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly (MLA) five times, representing various constituencies from the western Odisha belt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achyutananda Mahananda MLA Bolangir Constituency |url=https://naveenpatnaik.com/MLA-Achyutananda-Mahananda-of-TITILAGARH-constituency-330.html |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=naveenpatnaik.com |archive-date=2025-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603085022/https://naveenpatnaik.com/MLA-Achyutananda-Mahananda-of-TITILAGARH-constituency-330.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Heilpern, Godfrey, (29 Oct. 1911–3 May 1973), QC 1962; a Recorder, since 1972 (Recorder of Salford, 1964–71) |date=2007-12-01 |work=Who Was Who |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u155490 |access-date=2025-06-03 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahananda |first=Abhishek |date=17 March 2024 |title="Remembering the good old day....." |url=https://x.com/MahanandaINC/status/1769240011248222661 |website=X formerly Twitter}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mahananda was born on April 21, 1924, in Mandal village, located in the [[Balangir district]] of Odisha. He was the son of Late Sundar Mahananda. He was married to Smt. Udiachand Mahananda and had a deep interest in agriculture, often engaging in cultivation as a hobby. His commitment to social causes was evident through his special interest in the upliftment of Harijans (Dalits) and Adivasis (tribal communities). He resided in Ichhapara via Muribahal in the Balangir district.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1958 |title=India: A Reference Annual, 1957. Compiled by the Research and Reference Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government or India. (New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 1957. Pp. 664. $2.00.) |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/s000305540029758x |journal=American Political Science Review |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=574–575 |doi=10.1017/s000305540029758x |issn=0003-0554|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1968-02-01 |title=European Conference of Ministers of Transport. Fourteenth Annual Report |url=https://doi.org/10.1787/ecmt_report-1967-en |journal=European Conference of Ministers of Transport Annual Report |doi=10.1787/ecmt_report-1967-en |issn=2309-9488|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_com_state_3143 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Mahananda embarked on his political journey in 1950. He initially aligned with the All India Ganatantra Parishad and later joined the Swatantra Party. His political acumen and dedication led him to serve as the General Secretary of the Orissa Depressed Class League and as the Vice-President of the All-Orissa Chaukidar Sangha. He was also a member of the State Handloom Board. Between 1957 and 1961, he held the position of Whip for the Opposition Party in the Odisha Legislative Assembly. From 1970 to 1972, he served as the Government Chief Whip. In June 1972, he joined the Indian National Congress (R).<ref>{{Cite web |title=MLA Achyutananda Mahananda Profile {{!}} Kantabanji Constituency |url=https://naveenpatnaik.com/MLA-Achyutananda-Mahananda-of-KANTABANJI-constituency-330.html |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=naveenpatnaik.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Das |first=Santanu |title=India |date=2023-01-10 |work=The Edinburgh Companion to First World War Periodicals |pages=415–432 |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474494717.003.0027 |access-date=2025-06-03 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-9471-7}}</ref>

His legacy is continued by his grandson [[Abhishek Mahananda]] who is also a dalit politician from Balangir and is also active in the digital realm, being instrumental in highlighting numerous matter pertaining to the treatment of the depressed classes.

=== Legislative tenure ===
Mahananda's legislative career was marked by his representation of multiple constituencies:
* 1st Assembly (1952–1957): elected from Bolangir constituency as a member of the All India Ganatantra Parishad.
* 2nd Assembly (1957–1961): represented Titilagarh constituency under the All India Ganatantra Parishad.
* 3rd Assembly (1961–1967): re-elected from Titilagarh, this time as a member of the Swatantra Party.
* 4th Assembly (1967–1971): continued his representation of Titilagarh with the Swatantra Party.
* 5th Assembly (1971–1973): elected from Kantabanji constituency as a Swatantra Party candidate.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahananda, Achyutananda}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Balangir district]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1957–1961]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1961–1967]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1967–1971]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1974–1977]]

Maddipadu

2025-11-26T04:13:54Z

3muhammed4: further correct page after review also and added references per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Maddipadu
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| native_name_lang = te
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| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Maddipadu''' is a village in [[Prakasam district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is the mandal headquarters of Maddipadu mandal in [[Ongole revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prakasam District Mandals |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India |accessdate=19 June 2015|pages=145, 175–176|format=PDF}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Prakasam district]]

{{Prakasam-geo-stub}}

M.P Birla Group

2025-11-03T14:35:47Z

3muhammed4:

{{Short description|Indian industrial conglomerate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = M.P Birla Group
| logo = M.P Birla Group logo.jpg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| founder = [[Madhav Prasad Birla]]
| hq_location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| products = {{hlist|[[Jute]]|[[textiles]]|[[wire cable]]|[[optical fibre]]|[[cement]]|[[automotive]]|[[chemical]]}}
}}

The '''M.P Birla Group''' is an Indian industrial group named after [[Madhav Prasad Birla]]. It has business interests in cement, cables, jute goods and guar gum.

== Operations ==
It has a registered office in [[Kolkata]] and regional offices in Mumbai and New Delhi, among other places. In addition to Kolkata, [[Birlapur]] and [[Durgapur]], the group has plants located in [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]], [[Maihar]], [[Satna]], [[Raebareli|Raebareli City]], [[Raebareli|Kundanganj (Raebareli)]], Chanderia (Chittorgarh), [[Jodhpur]], [[Viramgam]], [[Bhiwani]], [[Butibori]] and [[Goa]].

===Businesses===

*[[Birla Corporation]] is the flagship company of the group.
*[[Belle Vue Clinic, Kolkata]]
*[[Universal Cables]]<ref>https://trendlyne.com/portfolio/superstar-shareholders/custom/?query=universal%20cables%20limited</ref>
**Birla Cables Ltd
**Vindhya Telelinks
**Birla Furukawa Fibre Optics Pvt Ltd (JV of Universal Cables Limited and [[Furukawa Electric]])

==Philanthropy==

The M. P. Birla Group is known for its philanthropic and educational activities, and supports many hospitals, schools, and technical and management institutions.

Some of the educational institutions and hospitals run by the group include:
*[[Birla Planetarium, Kolkata|M. P. Birla Planetarium, Kolkata]]
*M. P. Birla Institute of Management, Bengaluru
*[[M. P. Birla Foundation Higher Secondary School|M. P. Birla Foundation Higher Secondary School, Kolkata]]

Notable trusts and societies under ''M.P. Birla Group'' are [[Hindustan Medical Institution]], [[Eastern India Educational Institution]], and [[South Point School|South Point Foundation]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://birlacorporation.com Birla Corporation]

[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1919]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies established in 1919]]

Balotsav

2025-10-17T00:24:15Z

3muhammed4: Put up first entry added tags!

{{Short description|Annual international cultural festival in India for Telugu children}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = 
|logo = Balotsav_2017_Logo.png
|logo_alt =
|logo_caption = Balotsav 2017 Logo
|logo_size =
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|status =active
|genre = Children's festival
|date = 3–4 days in the second week of November (close to [[Bal Diwas|Children's Day]])
|begins =
|ends =
|frequency = Annually
|venue = [[Kothagudem]]{{efn|1991–2016|name=1991–2016}} [[VVIT]]{{efn|2017–|name=2017–}}
|location =
|coordinates = 
|country = India
|years_active = {{age|1991|10|11}}
|first = 1991
|founder_name = 
|last = 28–30 November 2019
|prev = 28–30 November 2018
|next =
|participants =
|attendance =
|capacity =
|area =
|budget =
|activity =
|leader_name =
|patron =
|organised = 
|filing =
|people =
|member =
|sponsor = 
|website = {{URL|https://www.balotsav.com/}}{{efn|name=1991–2016}} {{URL|https://www.balotsav.in/}}{{efn|name=2017–}}
|current =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Balotsav''' ({{Translation|Children's festival}}) is an annual international [[cultural festival]] conducted in India for [[Telugu language|Telugu]] children.<ref name="VVIT to host Balotsav 2017" /> It includes competitions in various aspects such as painting, [[elocution]] and drama. It was started as a town-level event in 1991. Since then the event has gained popularity among the school children, and is now a national level event with thousands of participants from several [[states of India]]. Prior to 2017, the event was conducted in [[Kothagudem]] in the second week of November. Starting in 2017, the venue has been changed to the [[Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology]], [[Guntur district]], Andhra Pradesh.

==History==
In the interests of the [[Telugu language]] and to encourage talent and competitive spirit among school children, a town level inter-school festival was organized by the [[Kothagudem|Kothagudem Club]] for the first time in 1991 with competitions in four categories — [[essay|essay writing]], [[elocution]], [[quiz|general knowledge]] and painting. In 1995, it was conducted at district level with competitions in eight categories for two days. In 2000, celebrating ten years, this festival was retitled as "Balotsav" and was conducted at state level, with 3000 children from six districts of Andhra Pradesh (present day [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]).<ref name="బాలోత్సవ్ అంకురార్పణ">{{cite web|title=బాలోత్సవ్ అంకురార్పణ|url=http://www.balotsav.com/html/balotsaw-ankurarpana.htm|website=Balotsav|accessdate=10 November 2017|language=te}}</ref>

==Event and activities==
The festival is conducted in the second week of November, close to the [[Children's Day of India]].<ref name="బాలోత్సవ్ అంకురార్పణ" /> Competitions are held in categories such as painting, elocution, poetry, essay writing, singing, dancing, classical performances, [[Folk dance|folk performance]]s, [[crafts]], [[monodrama]] and [[Letter (message)|letter writing]]. Most of these competitions are held for the Telugu language, however a few of them such as the [[spelling bee]] and public speaking are conducted for the English language as well.<ref name="పోటీ అంశాలు">{{cite web|title=పోటీ అంశాలు|url=https://www.balotsav.in/competitions/cultural-events|website=Balotsav|accessdate=10 November 2017|language=te|archive-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110171858/https://www.balotsav.in/competitions/cultural-events|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==In recent years==
===2001–2011===
After being recognized at state and national level, the number of participants consistently increased. Over the years, the event widened its scope in terms of competition categories and levels. Currently, competitions are held in 36 categories.<ref name="బాలోత్సవ్ అంకురార్పణ" /> The annual participation statistics were as follows;
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Years !!Participation !! Notes
|-
| 2001|| 4,000 students from 6 districts|| rowspan=11|<ref name="బాలోత్సవ్ అంకురార్పణ" />
|-
| 2002|| 5,400 students from 12 districts
|-
| 2003|| 7,000 students from 14 districts
|-
| 2004|| 8,000 students from 16 districts
|-
| 2005|| 8,200 students
|-
| 2006|| 8,500 students
|-
| 2007|| 9,000 students
|-
| 2008|| 10,000 students
|-
| 2009|| 12,000 students
|-
| 2010|| ''not available''
|-
| 2011|| ''not available''
|}

===2012–2016===
In 2012, the 21st iteration of the festival was held from 9 November to 11 November. The special attraction of this iteration was ''Vyarthamtho Artham'' (Making creative products by using waste material), and a short film competition.<ref name="‘Balotsav’ brings out the best in children">{{cite web|title=‘Balotsav’ brings out the best in children|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/balotsav-brings-out-the-best-in-children/article4089213.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=12 November 2012}}</ref> In 2013, the 22nd iteration of the festival was held from 8 November to 10 November. The opening ceremony was launched by one of the youngest authors from India, Nidhi Prakash from [[Bangalore]]. The event witnessed 5,112 children from 512 schools.<ref name="Balotsav off to a spectacular start">{{cite web|title=Balotsav off to a spectacular start|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/balotsav-off-to-a-spectacular-start/article5332600.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=9 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="‘Balotsav’ 2013 to be held from Nov. 8">{{cite web|title=‘Balotsav’ to be held from Nov. 8|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/balotsav-to-be-held-from-nov-8/article5173888.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|language=en-IN|date=27 September 2013}}</ref> In 2014, the 23rd iteration of the festival was held from 7 November to 9 November, with participants from six different states – Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Karnataka, [[Odisha]], Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. The festival attracted 15,000 students from Telangana, and 2,000 students from the other five states.<ref name="Balotsav-2014 begins on grand note">{{cite web|title=Balotsav-2014 begins on grand note|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141108/nation-current-affairs/article/balotsav-2014-begins-grand-note|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=10 November 2017|date=8 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Kothagudem coal town to host Balotsav-2014 in November in Telangana">{{cite web|title=Kothagudem coal town to host Balotsav-2014 in November in Telangana|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kothagudem-coal-town-to-host-balotsav2014-in-november-in-telangana/article6410038.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=15 September 2014}}</ref> In 2015, the 24th iteration of the festival was held from 12 November to 14 November. It was inaugurated by Shaik Sadhiq Pasha, a high school student who participated in the [[United Nations General Assembly]] as a part of the children's delegation.<ref name="Three-day Balotsav gets under way in Kothagudem">{{cite web|title=Three-day Balotsav gets under way in Kothagudem|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/threeday-balotsav-gets-under-way-in-kothagudem/article7875760.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=14 November 2015}}</ref> In 2016, to mark the [[silver jubilee]], the 25th iteration of the festival was expanded to four days, from 10 November to 13 November with 29 events. The closing ceremony was presided over by the [[K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry (2014–19)|IT and Municipal Administration Minister of Telangana]] [[K. T. Rama Rao]].<ref name="National Balotsav-2016 from Nov.10">{{cite web|title=National Balotsav-2016 from Nov.10|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/National-Balotsav-2016-from-Nov.10/article16065779.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|language=en-IN|date=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="Warangal girl excels at Balotsav-2016">{{cite web|title=Warangal girl excels at Balotsav-2016|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Warangal-Tab/2016-11-15/Warangal-girl-excels-at-Balotsav-2016/264053|website=The Hans India|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=15 November 2016}}</ref>

===2017===
In 2017, the 26th iteration of the festival was conducted from 12 November to 14 November. After it was launched in 1991, the original organizers had originally decided to cancel the festival in 2017. Vasireddy Ramesh Babu, [[convener]] of several previous iterations, said during a [[Press-conference|press conference]]that the [[Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology]] (VVIT) had expressed its willingness to host the event, and it was subsequently given the project. It was organized in collaboration with [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]], [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]], Andhra Pradesh State Skill Corporation, and Andhra Pradesh Non-Resident Telugu Society.<ref name="VVIT to host Balotsav 2017">{{cite web|title=VVIT to host Balotsav 2017|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vvit-to-host-balotsav-2017/articleshow/61106611.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=10 November 2017|date=16 October 2017}}</ref> More than 12,000 children took part in the festival. The closing ceremony was presided over by the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[Kodela Siva Prasad Rao]] and [[Mandali Buddha Prasad]]. On a closing note, Vasireddy said that VVIT would be hosting the fest in the future.<ref name="Balotsav 2017 concludes">{{cite web|title=Balotsav concludes|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/balotsav-concludes/article20463749.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=17 November 2017|date=16 November 2017}}</ref>

==Notes==
;Footnotes
{{notelist}}
;Citations
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Children's festivals in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Andhra Pradesh]]

St. Stephen's Church, Delhi

2025-10-08T12:43:49Z

3muhammed4: minor improved lead per standard format and fixed typos based on references

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Cathedral Church of the Redemption
| image = St Stephen's Church on Church Mission Marg.jpg
| caption = St. Stephen's Church, [[Delhi]]
| location = St. Stephen's Church ( C.N.I ), [[Fatehpuri Mosque|Fatehpuri]], 18, Church Mission Rd, Katra Ghel, [[Khari Baoli]], [[Chandni Chowk]],[[Old Delhi]], [[Delhi]] 110006
| country = India
| denomination = [[Church of North India]]
| status =
| architect =
| functional status = Active
| website =
| diocese = Diocese of Delhi
| years built= {{start date and age|1867}}
| archbishop =
| churchmanship = [[High Church]]
}}

'''St. Stephen's Church''' is located on Church Mission Road in [[Old Delhi]]. The church was built in 1862, by Anglican missionaries and [[Public Works Department|DPW Engineers]] in the style of [[Italian Gothic architecture]]. It is part of [[Church of North India]] [[Diocese]] of Delhi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101218201206/http://www.asiarooms.com/en/travel-guide/india/delhi/sightseeing-in-delhi/st-stephens-church-delhi.html Asia Rooms: St. Stephen's Church, Delhi]</ref>

==Architecture==
The Church is typical [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic style]] architecture, the Church is highly influenced by the [[Romanesque architecture]] Apart from its ornate walls and ceilings the Church has a unique feature which is the stained glass rose window which is exclusive in [[Delhi]]. The baroque styled church has arched windows which allow the sunlight to brighten the interiors. the interiors are well maintained with motifs, pictures, carvings and beautiful furniture. A series of fine plasters form arcade on either side with lined columns made of sandstone. These columns have beautiful carvings.

{{Coord|28.65914|77.2232|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

==History==

The organization responsible for the building of St. Stephen's Church was the [[Anglican]] mission [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel]]. Much of the work of the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel]] in India was later supported by the [[Cambridge Mission to Delhi]]. The color of the Church is said to symbolize the blood of St. Stephen, the first Christian [[Martyr]] and patron saint of the city, and also the blood of the first Christian martyrs in India who were killed in [[Delhi]] in [[1857 revolt]].

==Churches in Delhi==
* [[Central Baptist Church (Delhi)]]
* [[Cathedral Church of the Redemption]]
* [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi]]
* [[St. James' Church, Delhi]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Bauconm, Ian. ''Out of Place: Englishness, Empire, and the Locations of Identity''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999
* Morris, Jan, with Simon Winchester. ''Stones of Empire: The Buildings of the Raj.'' Oxford University Press, 2005

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Stephens Church, Delhi}}
[[Category:Church of North India church buildings]]
[[Category:Churches in Delhi]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in India]]

National Highway 228 (India, old numbering)

2025-07-29T02:20:31Z

3muhammed4: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 7 (India)]]

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Kamal Pur Majra Burari

2025-03-29T18:05:14Z

3muhammed4: New!

{{Orphan|date=January 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kamal Pur Majra Burari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = census town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = Delhi
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Delhi|North]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 43086
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/63956-kamal-pur-majra-burari-delhi.html|title=Census 2011, Kamal Pur Majra Burari town Data}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kamal Pur Majra Burari''' is a [[census town]] in [[North Delhi|North district]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|territory]] of Delhi.<ref name=censusindia>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.co.in/towns/kamal-pur--majra-burari-population-north-delhi-63956 | title=Kamal Pur Majra Burari town | publisher=censusindia.co.in | accessdate=6 November 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-geo-stub}}

Shataka

2024-11-07T01:55:47Z

3muhammed4: added first data first draft

{{Short description|Genre of Sanskrit literature}}

A '''shataka''' ({{Langx|sa|शतकम्|translit=śatakam}}) is a genre of [[Sanskrit literature]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lienhard |first=Siegfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0aYeR67booC&pg=PA88 |title=A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit |date=1984 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-02425-9 |pages=88 |language=en}}</ref> It comprises works that contain one hundred verses.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alphonso-Karkala |first=John B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KO5jAAAAMAAJ&q=%C5%9Bataka+hundred+Sanskrit |title=An Anthology of Indian Literature |date=1971 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-021248-8 |pages=463 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Blackburn |first=Anne M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ll3sDwAAQBAJ&dq=sataka+hundred+verses+Sanskrit&pg=PA56 |title=Buddhist Learning and Textual Practice in Eighteenth-Century Lankan Monastic Culture |date=2020-07-21 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-21587-7 |pages=56 |language=en}}</ref> It is also a popular genre of [[Telugu literature]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hwABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |title=Siva's Warriors: The Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha |date=2014-07-14 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6090-6 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The [[Sanskrit]] word ''śatakam'' means one hundred.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vemsani |first=Lavanya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjdfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |title=Modern Hinduism in Text and Context |date=2018-07-26 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-04509-5 |pages=200 |language=en}}</ref>

== Literature ==
* [[Dayashataka]] by [[Vedanta Desika]]
* [[Andhra Nayaka Satakam]] by [[Kasula Purushottama Kavi]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Śrīnivās|first=Śiṣṭlā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUJJAQAAIAAJ|title=The Body as Temple: Erotica from Telugu (2nd Century B.C. to 21st Century A.D.)|date=2007|publisher=Drusya Kala Deepika|pages=144|language=en}}</ref>
*Dasarathi Satakam by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu|Kancherla Gopanna]] (Ramadasu) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Rādhākr̥ṣṇaśarma|first=Callā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgZkAAAAMAAJ|title=The Ramayana in Telugu and Tamil: A Comparative Study|date=1973|publisher=Lakshminarayana Granthamala|pages=160|language=en}}</ref>
*Subhashita Trisati (three sets of hundred) by Bhatruthahari
* Vrushadhipa Satakam by Paalkuriki Somanna
* Vyaja Ninda by [[Kasula Purushottama Kavi]]
* Hamsaladeevi Gopala Satakam by [[Kasula Purushottama Kavi]]
* Manasa bodha Satakam by [[Kasula Purushottama Kavi]]
* Bhakta Kalpadruma Satakam by [[Kasula Purushottama Kavi]]
* [[Sumathi Satakam]] by Baddena Bhupaludu

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wiktionary}}
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Sanskrit poetry]]
[[Category:Sanskrit literature]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shataka}}

Korra, Alluri Sitharama Raju district

2024-11-06T13:08:33Z

3muhammed4: Stub!

{{Short description|Village in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

'''Korra''' is a village in the [[Dumbriguda]] tehsil, [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] state, [[India]]. Its [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] is 531151.<ref name=maps>"[https://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/andhra-pradesh/visakhapatnam/dumbriguda/korra.html Korra Village]" Maps of India website, accessed on 2019-03-16.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Alluri Sitharama Raju district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Bhawanipore FC

2024-09-27T11:24:00Z

3muhammed4: expand section and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[Bhawanipore Club]]

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Babariya

2024-03-24T18:12:44Z

3muhammed4: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Babaria]]

Isharheri

2023-09-27T03:25:58Z

3muhammed4: Added

{{Short description|Village in Haryana, India}}
{{orphan|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}

'''Isharheri''' is a village in [[Hansi|Hansi-I]] [[Tehsil|mandal]] of the [[Hisar district]], in the [[India]]n state of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gram Panchayats {{!}} District Hisar, Government of Haryana {{!}} India|url=https://hisar.gov.in/gram-panchayats/|access-date=2021-06-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Isharheri Village|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4767/1/37601_2001_HIS.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Haryana}}

[[Category:Villages in Hisar district]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

WAG Pinto

2023-04-18T20:43:11Z

3muhammed4: added lead as per guidelines and updated info based on references

#REDIRECT [[W. A. G. Pinto]]

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