Shah Nawaz Bhutto

2021-03-10T20:32:53Z

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{{Infobox politician
| honorific-prefix = [[Khan Bahadur]] and [[Sir]]
|honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1888|03|08|df=yes}}<ref name=paknetmag>http://paknetmag.blogspot.com/2009/08/pioneers-of-freedom-series.html, Profile of Shah Nawaz Bhutto on paknetmag.com website, Retrieved 7 Jan 2017</ref>
| birth_place = [[Garhi Khuda Bakhsh]], India (present-day [[Sindh]], Pakistan)
| spouse = Khursheed Begum Bhutto
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|11|19|1888|03|08|df=yes}}<ref name=paknetmag/>
| death_place = [[Larkana]], Sindh, Pakistan
| resting_place = [[Bhutto family mausoleum]], Garhi Khuda Bakhsh, Sindh, Pakistan
| education = [[St Patrick's High School, Karachi|St. Patrick's High School]]
| occupation = Politician, Landowner
| children = 4 (inc. [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]])
| father = [[Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto]]
| relatives = See [[Bhutto family]]
}}
{{post-nominal|list=[[Khan Bahadur]] [[Sir]]}} '''Shah Nawaz Bhutto''' ({{lang-sd|شاھ نواز ڀٽو}}; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|شاہ نواز بهُٹو}}}}) {{post-nominal|list=[[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]]}} (8 March 1888 – 19 November 1957), was a [[politician]] and a member of [[Bhutto family]] hailing from [[Larkana]] in [[Sindh]] province of [[British India]], which is now part of [[Pakistan]].<ref name="bhutto.org"/>

==Early life and education==
Shah Nawaz Bhutto, the son of Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto , was born in a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] family of [[Bhutto (clan)|Bhutto]] of [[Sindh]] as the youngest brother of [[Nabi Bux Khan Bhutto (nawab)|Nawab Nabi Bux Khan Bhutto]].<ref name="EB">{{cite news
| author = Encyclopædia Britannica, Published 24 October 2003
| url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9079077/Zulfikar-Ali-Bhutto
| title = Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali
| format = PHP
| accessdate = 7 January 2017
}}</ref> The Bhutto family owned 250,000 acres of land spread over [[Larkana]], [[Sukkur]] and [[Jacobabad]].{{sfn|Chitkara|1996|p=17}} Shah Nawaz got his early education at [[Sindh Madressa]] in Karachi and later at [[St Patrick's High School, Karachi|St. Patrick's High School]] in Karachi.<ref name=paknetmag/>

==Career and dewan of Junagadh==
Bhutto entered the Legislative Council of the [[Bombay Province]], of which Sindh was a part, in 1921 at the age of 33. He continued till 1936. During this time, he received the honours of [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] followed by knighthood. In 1934, he became a minister in the Bombay government.{{sfn|Chitkara|1996|p=17}}

Bhutto attended the Round Table Conference in 1931 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sind from the Bombay province. This was eventually granted in the [[Government of India Act 1935]], with Sind becoming a [[Sind Province (1936-55)|separate province]] on 1 April 1936. Bhutto was appointed as a chief advisor to the Governor of Sind.{{sfn|Chitkara|1996|p=17}}

In preparation for the [[1937 Sind legislative assembly election|provincial elections in 1937]], the [[Sind United Party]] was formed by Haji [[Abdullah Haroon]] and Bhutto joined it as the vice-chairman of the party.{{sfn|Jalal|1994|p=28}} It was modeled after the [[Punjab Unionist Party]] and claimed to represent all Sindhis irrespective of religion. Nevertheless, Bhutto brought leading ''pirs'' (Sufi saints) to influence the voters 'religiously' to cast their votes in his favour.<ref name="ans">Ansari, Sarah F. D. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jFRzOeF0nvMC Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947]''. Cambridge South Asian studies, 50. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. pp. 115-116</ref> The Sind United Party emerged as the largest party in the elections, winning 21 out of 60 seats. However, both Harron and Bhutto failed to get elected. The [[Larkana]] seat, which Bhutto had contested, was won by Sheikh Abdul Majid Sindhi. The Governor invited [[Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah]], the leader of the Sind Muslim Party and a political rival of Bhutto in Sind, to form a government. Large scale defections took place in the Assembly, Bhutto resigned from the party and Haroon eventually merged his party into the [[All-India Muslim League]].{{sfn|Jalal|1994|p=28}}{{sfn|Siddiqi|2012|p=78}}<ref name="pk">Afzal, Nasreen. ''[http://prr.hec.gov.pk/chapters/2114-7.pdf Role of Sir Abdullah Haroon in Politics of Sindh (1872-1942)]''</ref> Bhutto returned to Bombay to become the Chairman of the Bombay-Sind Public Service Commission.{{sfn|Chitkara|1996|p=17}}


Early in 1947, Bhutto joined the council of ministers of [[Muhammad Mahabat Khan III]] the [[Nawab]] of [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]] in the modern-day province of [[Gujarat]], becoming its [[Dewan]], or prime minister in May. At the time of the [[partition of India|independence of India]] in 1947, the princely states were asked by the British to decide whether to join the newly independent states of [[India]] or [[Pakistan]] or to remain autonomous and outside them. The Constitutional Advisor to the Nawab, Nabi Baksh, indicated to [[Lord Mountbatten]] that he was recommending that the State should join India. However, the Nawab did not make a decision. Early in 1947, Bhutto was invited to join the Council of Ministers of the Nawab. In May, when the Dewan Abdul Khadir Muhammad Hussain went abroad for medical treatment, Bhutto was appointed as the Dewan. On 15 August 1947, the State announced that it had acceded to Pakistan. On 13 September 1947, the Government of Pakistan accepted the accession.<ref>{{cite book |first=V. P. |last=Menon |title=The Story of Integration of the Indian States |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1956 |url=https://hidf1.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/the-story-of-the-integration-of-the-indian-states-by-v-p-menon.pdf |pp=85–87}}</ref>

However, the [[Hindu]] citizens of the State revolted, leading to several events and also a [[plebiscite]], resulting in the [[Indian integration of Junagadh|integration of Junagadh into India]].<ref>Gandhi, Rajmohan (1991). Patel: A Life. India: Navajivan. p. 292.</ref> Nawab [[Muhammad Mahabat Khan III]] of Junagadh (erstwhile Babi Nawab dynasty of Junagadh) fled to [[Sindh]], Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.junagadhmunicipal.org/history.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225220311/http://www.junagadhmunicipal.org/history.php |archivedate=2013-02-25 }}</ref> As Dewan of Junagarh; it was Shah Nawaz Bhutto who wrote and signed the letter addressed to Indian Government to come and take over the administration of the Junagadh state.

Shah Nawaz Bhutto moved to [[Larkana District]], where his land-ownership made him among the wealthiest and most influential people in Sindh.<ref name="bhutto.org">http://www.bhutto.org/sir-shahnawaz-bhutto.php, Retrieved 7 Jan 2017</ref> Bhutto was a good friend of [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor General]] (later President) [[Iskander Mirza]], who was a regular guest for the annual hunt in Larkana, staying at the Bhutto family home called ''Al-Murtaza''. In the winter of 1955-1956, Mirza brought General [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]] with him to Larkana for the hunt.<ref>Burki, Shahid Javed, Historical Dictionary of Pakistan, Scarecrow Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-8108-2411-6}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Bhutto was a first cousin once removed of [[Wahid Baksh Bhutto]], who in 1924 was made a [[sardar]] and in 1926 was elected to the [[Imperial Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sindh]], a constituency of the [[Bombay Presidency]], becoming the first member of the Bhutto family to be elected to public office. Shah Nawaz Bhutto was married to Khursheed Begum (born as Lakhi Bai), who was of a modest [Hindu]] family. She converted from Hinduism to [[Islam]] before her marriage.<ref>Burki, Shahid Javed, Historical Dictionary of Pakistan, Scarecrow Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-8108-2411-6}}</ref> Her brothers remained Hindu and eventually migrated to India. Their children included their first son, Sikandar, who died from [[pneumonia]] at the age of seven in 1914, their second child, Imdad Ali, died of [[cirrhosis]] at the age of thirty-nine in 1953.<ref name="EB"/> Their third son, [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]], was born in his parents residence near [[Larkana]], and later became the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. Their forth child, a daughter, Mumtaz Sahiba Bhutto, was married to [[Brigadier]] Muhammad Mustafa Khan Bahadur of the Sidi clan.<ref>Burki, Shahid Javed, Historical Dictionary of Pakistan, Scarecrow Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-8108-2411-6}}</ref>

==Honours and legacy==
The British imperial government awarded Bhutto the title of ''[[Khan Sahib]]'', subsequently raising it to ''[[Khan Bahadur]]''. Bhutto was appointed an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]], Civil Division (OBE) in the [[1920 New Year Honours]] list,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=31709 |date=30 December 1919 |page=16099 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> with a further appointment as a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in the [[1925 New Year Honours]] list.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33007 |date=30 December 1924 |page=5 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> In the [[1930 New Year Honours]], Bhutto was knighted,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33566 |date=31 December 1929 |page=2 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref> and was invested with his knighthood on 27 February 1930 at Viceroy's House in New Delhi by the Viceroy of India, the [[Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|Lord Irwin]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33595 |date=8 April 1930 |page=2251 |supp= |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>[http://www.archives.lib.soton.ac.uk/mbindex/index442.shtml Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto]</ref>

* He was a Delegate to the Round Table Conference in London in 1930-31 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sindh from the Bombay Province<ref name=paknetmag/>
* [[Pakistan Postal Services]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=paknetmag/>

==See also==
*[[Bhutto family]]
*[[Shahnawaz Bhutto]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

; Sources
* {{citation |last=Chitkara |first=M. G. |title=Benazir, a Profile |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCaAQCnO3QQC&pg=PA18 |year=1996 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-752-4 |pages=18–}}
* {{citation |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |authorlink=Ayesha Jalal |title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C |year=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-45850-4}}
* {{citation |last=Lieven |first=Anatol |title=Pakistan: A Hard Country: A Hard Country |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ilyh9ZTOFQC&pg=PT387 |date=28 April 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-196929-9 |pages=387–}}
* {{citation|last=Siddiqi|first=Farhan Hanif|title=The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDb6i9x1FKgC&pg=PA78|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-68614-3|pages=78–}}

{{Bhuttoism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhutto, Shah Nawaz}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani politicians]]
[[Category:Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Bhutto family|Shah Nawaz]]
[[Category:Pakistani Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Lawyers awarded knighthoods]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Junagadh State]]

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Shah Nawaz Bhutto