Roti

2022-03-10T20:27:53Z

2A05:F6C5:7929:0:4C9D:11C9:C731:520A: robot: Creating new article from Special:WantedPages

{{Other uses}}
{{About||the Indonesian island|Rote Island|the cooking method|Rotisserie}}
{{short description|South Asian flatbread}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Roti
| image = Chapati.jpg
| image_size = 240px
| caption = [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] flat roti, also known as ''[[chapati]]''
| alternate_name = Ruti
| country = [[Indian subcontinent]]<ref name="Alan Davidson 692">{{cite book|author=Alan Davidson|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA692|date=21 August 2014|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-104072-6|pages=692–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jim Smith|title=Technology of Reduced Additive Foods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1-YidnFGYUC&pg=PA113|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-4795-8|pages=113–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Bruce Kraig|author2=Colleen Taylor Sen|title=Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA301|date=9 September 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-955-4|pages=301–}}</ref>
| region =
| creator = [[Indus Valley Civilization]]<ref name="Alan Davidson 692"/>
| course =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Atta flour]]
| variations = [[Chapati]], [[Makki di roti]], Bajra Roti, [[Rumali roti]], Tandoori roti, [[Wrap roti]], [[Roti canai]], [[Paratha]], [[Bhakar]]
| calories =
| other =
|type=[[Flatbread]]}}

'''Roti''' (also known as [[chapati]])<ref name="Wrigley Corke Seetharaman Faubion 2015"/> is a round [[flatbread]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]] made from [[stoneground flour|stoneground]] [[whole wheat flour]], traditionally known as [[atta flour|gehu ka atta]], and water that is combined into a dough.<ref name="Davidson Jaine 2014 p. 692">{{cite book | last1=Davidson | first1=A. | last2=Jaine | first2=T. | title=The Oxford Companion to Food | publisher=OUP Oxford | series=Oxford Companions | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-19-104072-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=692 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=692}}</ref><ref name="Zahid 2017">{{cite web | last=Zahid | first=Anusha | title=Sunridge launches into atta | website=Aurora Magazine | date=9 October 2017 | url=http://aurora.dawn.com/news/1142373 | access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> Roti is consumed in many countries worldwide. Its defining characteristic is that it is [[Leavening agent|unleavened]]. ''[[Naan]]'' from the Indian subcontinent, by contrast, is a [[yeast]]-leavened bread, as is ''[[kulcha]]''. Like breads around the world, roti is a [[Staple food|staple]] accompaniment to other foods.<ref name="Wrigley Corke Seetharaman Faubion 2015"/>

==Etymology==
The word ''roti'' is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word (''rotikā''), meaning "bread".<ref name="Sanskrit">{{cite web|url = http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&tinput=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+&country_ID=&trans=Translate&direction=AU| title = Rotika (रोटिका)|publisher =Spoken Sanskrit|access-date = 25 March 2007}}</ref>

== Preparation ==
Roti dough may be rolled out with a [[rolling pin]] to create flat, round pieces. This may be done on a circular, flat board called a roti board.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cheifitz|first=Phillippa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zx8ZmeBtC1oC&dq=%22roti+board%22&pg=PT14|title=South Africa Eats|date=2009|publisher=Quivertree Publications|isbn=978-0-9814287-2-7|language=en}}</ref>

==Variants==
<gallery>
File:Roti-obaid.jpg|Roti in the Indian subcontinent
File:Roti Prata Curry Large.JPG|Ceylon/Kerala-style roti (''porotta'') served with curry
File:Plainrotiparatha.jpg|Plain ''roti [[paratha]]''
File:Roti Wrap Trafasie.jpg|A roti wrap with boiled egg and smoked chicken in the [[Netherlands]]
File:Thalichapati.jpg|Indian ''[[thali]]'' with ''chapati''
File:Lunch special at Pakwan.jpg|Tandoori roti served with other dishes in an Indian restaurant
File:Rumali roti.jpg|A chef preparing ''[[rumali roti]]'' in India
File:Bajhar_ji_maani.jpg|[[Millet|Bajhar]] ji maani (Bajra Roti) in [[Tharparkar]], [[Sindh]]
File:A thali with daal roti bhindi ki sabzi and mango pickle.jpg|Spicy vegetables served with rotis
File:Roti pisang.jpg|Roti stuffed with [[Bananas]]
</gallery>

===Indian subcontinent===
{{See also|Indian bread|Naan|Paratha|Chapati|Kulcha|Tandoor bread|Makki di roti|kottu roti}}
Many variations of [[flatbread]]s and roti are found in many cultures across the globe, from the [[Indian subcontinent]] to Africa to Oceania to the [[Malay Peninsula]] to the Americas.<ref name="Wrigley Corke Seetharaman Faubion 2015">{{cite book | last1=Wrigley | first1=C.W. | last2=Corke | first2=H. | last3=Seetharaman | first3=K. | last4=Faubion | first4=J. | title=Encyclopedia of Food Grains | publisher=Elsevier Science | year=2015 | isbn=978-0-12-394786-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ce7tBgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA19 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=19}}</ref> The roti is a traditional flatbread from the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzIKK1CXozgC&q=%22Roti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT23|title=Dal Roti|first=Sanjeev|last=Kapoor|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788179915684|via=Google Books}}</ref> It is normally eaten with cooked vegetables or curries; it can be called a carrier for them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgmBDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Roti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT3|title=Dinosaurs Love Roti with Curry|first1=Antoinette|last1=Choice|first2=Joseph|last2=Choice|date=19 December 2018|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=9781546264620|via=Google Books}}</ref> It is made most often from wheat flour, cooked on a flat or slightly concave iron griddle called a [[tava|''tawa'']].<ref>{{cite book | last=Gadia | first=M. | title=The Indian Vegan Kitchen: More Than 150 Quick and Healthy Homestyle Recipes | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-101-14541-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZDipGVmK8YC&pg=PT234 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=234}}</ref> Traditionally, rotis have also been made from the flour of [[millet]], [[maize]], [[jowar]] and even [[rice]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKPXxgEACAAJ&q=%22Roti%22+-wikipedia|title=Roti: The Prime Need|first=Sumana|last=Śekhara|date=10 April 2019|publisher=Pragatisheel Prakashan|isbn=9789386246769|via=Google Books}}</ref> Tandoori roti is cooked by sticking the flattened dough to the inside wall of a [[tandoor]] oven, where it bakes quickly at a high temperature.<ref name="Gocmen 2009">{{Cite journal|last1=Gocmen|first1=D.|last2=Inkaya|first2=A.N.|last3=Aydin|first3=E.|date=2009|title=Flat Breads|url=http://www.agrojournal.org/15/04-04-09.pdf|journal=Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science|volume=15|pages=298–306}}</ref><ref name="Food Chemistry 1999">{{Cite journal|date=2000|title=Indian wheat cultivars: their carbohydrate profile and its relation to tandoori roti quality|journal=Food Chemistry|volume=68|pages=185–190|doi=10.1016/s0308-8146(99)00174-0|last1=Saxena|first1=Dharmesh C.|last2=Salimath|first2=Paramahans V.|last3=Rao|first3=Punaroor Haridas|issue=2}}</ref> Chapatis are made of [[whole-wheat flour]] known as [[Atta flour|atta]], mixed into dough with water, [[edible oil]] and optional salt in a mixing utensil called a ''[[parat]]'', and is cooked on a ''[[tava]]'' (flat skillet).<ref name=chakla1>Nandita Godbole, 2016, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YfNhDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT5&dq=chakla+roti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4kemi26rZAhXDvI8KHVeJC-kQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=chakla%20roti&f=false Roti: Easy Indian Breads & Sides].</ref><ref name=chakla2>Chitra Agrawal, 2017, [https://books.google.com/books?id=M1ZcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&dq=chakla+roti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4kemi26rZAhXDvI8KHVeJC-kQ6AEIRjAG#v=onepage&q=chakla%20roti&f=false Vibrant India: Fresh Vegetarian Recipes from Bangalore to Brooklyn], page 35.</ref> It is known as ''phulka'' in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], and ''maani'' in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]].

====Sri Lanka====
In Sri Lanka, there is a variant of roti called ''pol roti'' ([[coconut]] roti),<ref>{{cite news | title=Experience true variety of cuisines at Hotel Riu Sri Lanka | work=Daily Mirror | date=9 October 2017 | url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Experience-true-variety-of-cuisines-at-Hotel-Riu-Sri-Lanka-138094.html?fbrefresh=1518154898 | access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> made of wheat flour, and/or [[kurakkan]] flour, and scraped coconut. Sometimes, chopped green chilis and onion are added to the mixture before cooking. These are usually thicker and harder than other roti types. They are usually eaten with curries, or some types of ''[[sambol]]'' or ''[[lunu miris]]'' and considered a main meal rather than a supplement.

Another variety of roti popular in Sri Lanka is ''[[Kottu|kottu roti]]'',<ref name="Taylor 2017 p. 214">{{cite book | last=Taylor | first=G. | title=MasterChef: Street Food of the World | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-4729-4620-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=000gDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=214}}</ref> which is made up of ''paratha ''or ''godamba roti'', These are cut into small pieces,<ref name="Taylor 2017 p. 214"/> small in size and rectangular or square in shape. Then on a square heating pan, vegetables and onions are fried. Eggs, cooked meat, or fish are added to fried vegetables and heated for a few minutes. Finally, the pieces of cut ''paratha'' are added. These are chopped and mixed by repeated pounding using heavy iron blades/spatula, the sound of which can be heard from a long distance. Depending upon what ingredients are used, the variations are vegetable, egg, chicken, beef, mutton, and fish ''kottu roti''.<ref name="Briggs 2018 p. 54">{{cite book | last=Briggs | first=P. | title=Sri Lanka | publisher=Bradt Travel Guides | series=Bradt Travel Guide. Sri Lanka | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-78477-057-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrZDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=54}}</ref> It is sometimes prepared and served as a fast food dish.<ref name="Briggs 2018 p. 54"/>

''Godamba roti'' is another variety found in [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name="Kraig Sen 2013">{{cite book | last1=Kraig | first1=B. | last2=Sen | first2=C.T. | title=Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-59884-955-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA328 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=328}}</ref> Plain'' godamba roti'' is eaten with curry<ref name="Kraig Sen 2013"/> or it can also be wrapped around a savory filling.

{{nutritionalvalue
| name=plain chapati/roti, commercially prepared
| Energy=1245 kJ (847 kcal)
| protein=11.25 g
| fat=7.45 g
| carbs=46.36 g
| fiber=4.9 g
| water=33 g
| opt1n=Selenium
| opt1v=53.7 ug
| sugars=2.72
| calcium_mg=93
| iron_mg=3
| magnesium_mg=62
| phosphorus_mg=184
| potassium_mg=266
| sodium_mg=409
| zinc_mg=1.57
| manganese_mg=1.25
| thiamin_mg=0.55
| riboflavin_mg=0.2
| niacin_mg=6.78
| pantothenic_mg=0.58
| vitB6_mg=0.270
| folate_ug=61
| vitE_mg=0.88
| vitK_ug=0
| source_usda=1
| note=[https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/8109?fgcd=&manu=&lfacet=&format=Full&count=&max=35&offset=&sort=&qlookup=28306&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

===Caribbean===
Roti is eaten widely across the [[Caribbean]], especially in countries with large [[Indo-Caribbean]] populations such as [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and [[Jamaica]]. Originally brought to the islands by indentured laborers from the Indian subcontinent, roti has become a popular staple in the culturally rich cuisines of these countries. In the Caribbean, roti is commonly eaten as an accompaniment to various curries and stews. The traditional way of eating roti is to break the roti by hand, using it to sop up sauce and pieces of meat from the curry. However, in the Caribbean, the term roti may refer to both the flatbread (roti) itself and the more popular [[street food]] item, in which the roti is folded around a savory filling in the form of a wrap.

The [[Wrap roti|roti wrap]] is the commercialization of roti and curry together as a fast-food or street-food item in the Caribbean. This wrap form of roti originated in southern Trinidad. It was first created in the mid-1940s by Sackina Karamath, who later founded Hummingbird Roti Shop in [[San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago]]. The wrap was convenient, as the meal could be eaten faster and while on the go, as well as keeping one's hands from getting dirty. In Trinidad and Tobago, various wrapped roti are served, including chicken, conch, goat, beef, and shrimp. Vegetables can also be added including potato, pumpkin, and spinach as well a variety of local condiments, with pepper sauce (hot sauce) and mango [[chutney]] being the most popular. The roti wrap quickly gained popularity across the island and spread throughout the rest of the Caribbean. The wrap is now simply referred to as a roti or just roti. The growth in popularity has recently led to referring to the flatbread itself (roti) that surrounds the filling as a "roti skin" or "roti shell", a practice that is now common in both restaurants and commercial companies. Various types of roti are eaten throughout the West Indies. They are most prominently featured in the diets of people in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname. Caribbean-style roti is primarily made from wheat flour, baking powder, salt, and water, and cooked on a ''tawa''. Certain rotis are also made with [[ghee]] or [[butter]].

====Trinidad and Tobago====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Roti in Trinidad, Jamaica and the [[Leeward Islands]]
!Food
!Image
!Description
|-
|Sada roti
|
|This is a plain roti, made of white flour. It is the simplest roti to make, and is the most commonly consumed roti in Trinidad. It is a popular breakfast option there,<ref>{{cite book | last=Mason | first=T. | title=Caribbean Vegan: Meat-free, Egg-free, Dairy-free Authentic Island Cuisine for Every Occasion | publisher=The Experiment | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-61519-360-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FDZgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA67 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=67}}</ref> and is enjoyed in combination with various curried meat and vegetable dishes. This type of roti is a staple food consumed for both breakfast and dinner by Trinidadians.
|-
|[[Paratha]] roti
|[[File:Roti Style Paratha.jpg|145px]]
|A layered roti made with butter, usually ghee (clarified butter), but any butter can be used.<ref name="Albala 2011">{{cite book | last=Albala | first=K. | title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes] | publisher=ABC-CLIO | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-313-37627-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=RA1-PA298 | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=298}}</ref> Ghee is rubbed on both sides, then it is cooked on a ''tawa'' (a round, flat metal griddle used in Indian & Pakistani cooking). This gives the roti a crisp outside and small patches of light browning. When the roti is almost finished cooking, the cook begins to beat the roti while it is on the tawa, causing it to become light and flaky. ''Paratha roti'' is more rich and flavorful than plain roti. ''Paratha'' is enjoyed with almost any accompaniment. As with other rotis, it is commonly eaten with curries and stews. It is also traditionally eaten with fried eggs or egg dishes and a cup of tea. In Trinidad, ''parathas'' are colloquially called "buss-up shut" ("busted-up shirt") because the roti resembles a tattered and torn-up shirt.
|-
|[[Puri (food)|Puri]]
|[[File:Poori.jpg|145px]]
|This is a roti where two layers are rolled out together and cooked (after rolled it's fried directly in hot oil. Some like to first half cook it on a tawa and then fry (because the puri then soaks up less oil) in the ''[[kadhai]]''. This type of roti is eaten with a special'' [[halva]] ''when a child is born.
|-
|Dhalpuri<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/03/dalpuri.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112031012/http://www.nomadicgourmet.com/2008/03/dalpuri.html|url-status=dead|title=Dhal Puri Recipe - NomadicGourmet.com|archive-date=12 January 2010}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Any website can claim to be an authority on cooking; there must be more scholarly sources for this.|date=November 2016}}
|
|A roti with a stuffing of ground yellow [[split pea]]s, [[cumin]] (geera), garlic, and [[Black pepper|pepper]]: The split peas are boiled until they are ''[[al dente]]'' and then ground in a mill. The cumin is toasted until black and also ground. The stuffing is pushed into the roti dough, and sealed. When rolled flat, the filling is distributed within the roti. It is cooked on the ''tava'' and rubbed with oil for ease of cooking. This type of roti is most commonly eaten with a variety of curries. It is also the roti of choice for the making of wrap rotis.
|-
|[[Wrap roti]]
|[[File:Lamb Roti Rolls.jpg|145px]]
|A popular wrap made by folding a combination of meat and vegetable curries inside of a dhalpuri roti: The curry or stew often contains potatoes and/or chickpeas as a filler as well as the essential meat component, although vegetarian options are common as well. Popular fillings include curried chicken, goat, conch, duck, beef, shrimp, and vegetable. An assortment of optional condiments are also common such as pepper sauce and mango chutney.
|-
|Aloo puri / potato puri
|
|A roti similar to a ''dhalpuri'', but with ''aloo'' (potato) substituted for the ''dhal''. The ''aloo'' is boiled and milled, and spices and seasonings are added before being sealed in the dough. This ''aloo'' filling is also used when making ''aloo'' pie or ''aloo choka''.
|-
|}

====Guyana====
[[Image:GuyaneseRoti.JPG|thumb|Guyanese roti, clapped and ready to be eaten]]

''Dosti roti'' is common in Guyana.{{efn|"... most Guyanese are unaware that there are different types of roti, which is the staple food in the diet of Indo-Guyanese. ROTI Table 1 shows the differences between eight different types of roti as used by Indo-Guyanese: paratha, dosti, cassava, daalpuri, aluu, chotha, puri and sada."<ref>{{cite book | last=Rickford | first=J.R. | title=A Festival of Guyanese Words | publisher=University of Guyana | year=1978 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdAuAAAAYAAJ | access-date=9 February 2018 | page=127}}</ref>}} A small amount of fat is placed in each piece of dough before it is rolled out to make the roti softer. Usually, [[vegetable oil]] is used, but butter, or [[margarine]] can also be used. Ghee is not used in everyday cooking, but is used on special occasions, especially amongst Hindus. The roti is usually clapped by hand or beaten a bit, hot off the ''tava'', so it softens but does not break.
* A good roti in Guyana is very soft, with layers (almost like [[pastry]] layers if possible), which remains whole.
* The type of roti is determined by what is placed in the dough before it is rolled out. Various types include ''dhalpuri, aloo'' (potato) roti, and even sugar (to keep the kids busy, while the mother finishes cooking).
* In Guyana, a rolled-out, thin, flat dough like a roti that is deep-fried in ghee is called a [[Puri (food)|''puri'']]. Therefore, a ''dhalpuri'' is not really a puri.
* Another item prepared like roti is bake or bakes or floats. A Guyanese or Trinidadian fry bake seems to be more similar to an Indian puri. A bake is made with butter or margarine and has a different ratio of flour to fat. It is made much quicker than roti and is usually made in the mornings. Dough is rolled out and cut into shapes or rolled into small rounds. Guyanese bakes are fried, but bakes from other parts of the West Indies can be baked in an oven. Bakes are usually paired with a quick [[Full English breakfast|fry-up]] for breakfast or dinner, [[stewing|stewed]] saltfish, or eggs ("western" style, with onions, tomatoes, green peppers). Bakes are also made in other parts of the West Indies, including Trinidad, Barbados, and St. Vincent. In Trinidad and Tobago, a "bake and shark" is a popular street-food sandwich in which fried shark is placed between two halves of a sliced bake with local condiments. Pepper sauce, ''shado beni'', [[garlic sauce]], tamarind, and mango chutney are most common, as well as lettuce, tomato, and cucumber for fillers.

====Suriname====
In Suriname, roti refers mainly to ''dhalpuri'' or ''aloo puri''. It is most often eaten with curried chicken. As in Trinidad and the West Indies, roti can also refer to the stuffed roti wrap. This dish is usually eaten out of hand. Due to a mass emigration of Indian Surinamese in the 1970s, roti became a popular [[take-out]] dish in the Netherlands. It usually includes chicken [[curry]], potatoes, a boiled egg, and various vegetables, most notably the ''kousenband'' or [[yardlong bean]]. Another variation includes shrimp and [[aubergine]]. The meat with gravy, potatoes, egg, and yardlong beans are served side by side on a plate, with the ''aloo puri'' folded in fours on top. 

===Southeast Asia===
[[File:Roti kluai khai chiang mai 04.jpg|thumb|A Thai "โรตีกล้วยไข่ /rɒtiː klûaj kʰàj/": roti with banana and egg, drizzled with sweetened condensed milk]]
[[File:Roti Telur and Teh Tarik.jpg|thumb|Roti Telur and Teh Tarik in Malaysia.]]
In [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], the term encompasses all forms of bread, including Western-style bread, as well as the traditional [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] breads.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63wtZx7UAucC&q=%22Roti%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT4|title=Roti manis & donat|first=Haryanto|last=Makmoer|date=10 April 2003|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|isbn=9789792201833|via=Google Books}}</ref>

In [[Thailand]], โรตี refers to the [[Maida flour|''maida'']] ''[[paratha]]''—known in Indonesia as ''roti maryam, [[roti cane]]'', or ''roti konde'', in [[Malaysia]] as ''[[roti canai]]'', and in Singapore as ''[[roti prata]]''.

===South Africa===
Roti was initially introduced to South Africa by Indian migrants during the 19th century, and subsequently became incorporated into [[Durban]] cuisine. It is widely eaten by the Indian communities living in South Africa, and is either eaten as a flat bread or a wrap with locally made curries.

===Mauritius===
Similarly as with other countries that were part of the [[Indian diaspora]], roti was introduced to [[Mauritius]] by [[Mauritians_of_Indian_origin|Indian migrants]]/[[Indian indentured labourers|indentured labourers]] during the 19th century, and has since been a staple of [[Mauritian cuisine]] and a common street food.<ref name=":The rough guide to Mauritius">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/905661042|title=The rough guide to Mauritius.|date=2015|others=Rough Guides|isbn=978-0-241-01424-0|edition=First|location=London|oclc=905661042}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mauritian Cuisine|url=http://www.govmu.org/English/ExploreMauritius/Culture/Pages/Culture/Mauritian-Cuisine.aspx|author=Republic of Mauritius|access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> Roti generally refers to ''farata'' (a local pronunciation of [[paratha]]), a pancake made of wheat flour and water;<ref name=":The rough guide to Mauritius"></ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Farata (Traditional Mauritian Name)|url=https://www.exoticholidaymauritius.com/mauritian-cuisinefarata/|author=Exotic Holiday Mauritius|access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> other variants include ''dholl puri'', which is layered, and stuffed with boiled and ground [[Dal|dal/split peas]],<ref name=":The rough guide to Mauritius"></ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Grihault |first=Nicki |date=2018-01-14 |title=Get stuffed in Mauritius … on dholl puri, the perfect savoury pancake |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2018/jan/14/mauritius-dholl-puri-savoury-pancakes-street-food-dewa-sons |work=The Guardian |access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref> and ''ti puri'', a smaller roti that is fried and usually served with seven different curries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ti Puri Sept Cari|url=https://restaurants.mu/en/articles/ti-puri-sept-cari.html|author=Restaurants.mu|access-date=June 8, 2021}}</ref>

===Iran===
In Iran, the two variants of roti are called ''khaboos''<ref>{{cite web|title=Khaboos (Iranian Roti) Recipe|url=http://www.americaindia.com/recipes/showrecipe.php?id=778|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824032317/http://www.americaindia.com/recipes/showrecipe.php?id=778|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 August 2007|access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Any website can claim to be an authority on cooking; there must be more scholarly sources for this.|date=November 2016}} and ''[[lavash]]''. These two breads (the former of which is almost exactly prepared like Indian roti) are quite similar to other rotis.

===North America===
Roti shops are now abundant in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Owing to Canada's considerable immigrant populations from both South Asia and the Caribbean, roti and its variants are popular there. As [[Indo-Caribbeans]] moved to North American cities such as Toronto, New York City, Miami, Los Angeles, and Montreal, they exported with them the wrapped version of roti. A distinct [[Toronto]] offering is the "East Indian roti", a variation on the stuffed roti from the [[West Indies]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/roti-flatbread-west-indian-style-3028987|title=A Simple Recipe for This Indian-Influenced Roti Flatbread|website=The Spruce Eats}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Bhatura]]
* [[Jolada rotti]]
* [[Kulcha]]
* [[Luchi]]
* [[Tortilla]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Pakistani dishes}}
{{Indian bread}}
{{Pakistani bread}}
{{Indonesian bread}}
{{Flatbreads}}
{{Street food}}

[[Category:Roti| ]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:North Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian breads]]
[[Category:Bihari cuisine]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Punjabi cuisine]]
[[Category:Sindhi cuisine]]
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine]]
[[Category:Pashtun cuisine]]
[[Category:Balochi cuisine]]
[[Category:Kashmiri cuisine]]
[[Category:Fijian cuisine]]
[[Category:Jamaican cuisine]]
[[Category:Mauritian cuisine]]
[[Category:Flatbreads]]
[[Category:Pakistani breads]]
[[Category:Unleavened breads]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Punjabi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Gujarati cuisine]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian inventions]]
[[Category:Guyanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Surinamese cuisine]]
[[Category:Indo-Caribbean cuisine]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan breads]]
[[Category:Indonesian breads]]
[[Category:Malaysian breads]]

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Roti