Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay

2021-08-19T18:53:53Z

2A02:A449:89DE:1:ED7A:FDB0:D3DB:8EAE: Death place

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Reay
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KT|GCSI|GCIE|PC|FBA|JP|DL}}
| image = Donald_James_Mackay_Lord_Reay.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| order1 = [[Governor of Bombay]]
| term_start1 = 1885
| term_end1 = 1890
| monarch1 = [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]
| predecessor1 = [[Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet|Sir James Fergusson, Bt]]
| successor1 = [[George Harris, 4th Baron Harris|The Lord Harris]]
| order2 = [[Under-Secretary of State for India]]
| term_start2 = 11 March 1894
| term_end2 = 21 June 1895
| monarch2 = [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Victoria]]
| primeminister2 = [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|The Earl of Rosebery]]
| predecessor2 = [[George W. E. Russell]]
| successor2 = [[William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow|The Earl of Onslow]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1839|12|22}}
| birth_place = [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1921|08|1|1839|12|22}}
| death_place = [[Carolside, Scottish Borders|Carolside]], [[Berwickshire]], [[Scotland]]
| nationality = [[British subject|British]]
| party = [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]
| alma_mater =
| spouse = Fanny Hasler
}}

'''Donald James Mackay, 11th Lord Reay''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KT|GCSI|GCIE|PC|FBA|JP|DL}} (22 December 1839 – 1 August 1921) (in the Netherlands: Donald Jacob, Baron Mackay, Lord of Ophemert and Zennewijnen) was a Dutch-born British administrator and [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician.

==Background==
Mackay was born ''Donald Jacob baron Mackay'' in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]],<ref name="ref195">[https://archive.today/20121128195736/http://195.242.171.17/hga/virtuelestudiezaal/WebsitePubliek/SelectieBron.aspx Birth certificate, The Hague Municipal Archive]</ref> the son of [[Aeneas Mackay, 10th Lord Reay]],<ref name="thepeerage.com">[http://thepeerage.com/p24135.htm thepeerage.com Sir Donald James Mackay, 11th Lord Reay]</ref> a Dutch member of Parliament, and [[jonkvrouw]] Maria Catharina Anna Jacoba Fagel,<ref name="ref195" /> daughter of mr. Jacob baron Fagel and jkvr. Maria Boreel, relative of the [[Boreel baronets]].<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28">''Nederland's Adelsboek'' 88 (1999), p. 28.</ref>

==Political career==
Lord Reay succeeded his father in 1876 and was naturalised as a [[British subject]] in 1877.<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28"/> He was created '''Baron Reay''', of Durness in the County of Sutherland, in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]], in 1881.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25021 |date=30 September 1881 |page=4891 }}</ref> In 1885 he was appointed [[Governor of Bombay]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25448 |date=3 March 1885 |page=920 }}</ref> a post he held until 1890.<ref name="thepeerage.com"/> He was appointed a [[Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire]] in 1887 and a [[Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India]] in 1890.<ref name="Nederland's Adelsboek' 1999 p. 28"/> After his return to Britain he served as [[Under-Secretary of State for India]] between 1894 and 1895 in [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]] [[Liberal Government 1892–1895|Liberal administration]].<ref name="thepeerage.com"/> He was also a British delegate at the Second Peace Conference which led to the signing of the [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)|Hague Convention 1907]]. Other British delegates included [[Ernest Satow]] and [[Eyre Crowe]]. {{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}

Perhaps his most memorable contribution to politics was during the crisis over the [[People's Budget]] of 1909–10, where the [[House of Lords]], violating a convention going back more than 200 years, rejected the Budget. Reay strongly opposed this act, and gave the memorable warning : "Oligarchies are seldom destroyed and more frequently commit suicide".<ref>[[Roy Jenkins]] ''Churchill'' Macmillans 2001 p.165</ref>

==Other public appointments==
Apart from his political and administrative career Lord Reay was [[Rector of St Andrews University]] from 1884 to 1886,<ref>[http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf Lord Rectors of St Andrews 1858-to date] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605225945/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court_former_rectors.pdf |date=5 June 2011 }}</ref> Chairman of the [[London School Board]] (1897–1904), President of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]] (1893–1921) and [[University College, London]], and the first President of the [[British Academy]] from 1902 to 1907.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename= The British Academy |day_of_week=Friday |date=28 November 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36937| }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100427193425/http://www.britac.ac.uk/misc/guide/marks.cfm britac.ac.uk Donald James Mackay, KT, FBA, 11th Baron Reay (1839–1921)]</ref> He was also [[Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire]] from 1892 to 1918 and served as [[List of Presidents of Co-operative Congress|President]] of the first day of the 1882 [[Co-operative Congress]].<ref name=PDF>{{Citation|title=Congress Presidents 1869-2002 |url=http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |date=February 2002 |access-date=10 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528100558/http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1906<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27886 |date=16 February 1906 |page=1133 }}</ref> and made a [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]] in 1911.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080607022445/http://www.leighrayment.com/orders/thistle.htm leighrayment.com Knights of the Thistle]</ref>

He received an honorary doctorate ([[Legum Doctor|LL.D]]) from the [[University of Glasgow]] during their 450th jubilee celebrations in June 1901.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Glasgow University jubilee |day_of_week=Friday |date=14 June 1901 |page_number=10 |issue=36481}}</ref>

He remained in contact with the Dutch community and attended the reception and spoke with the famous Dutch writer [[Louis Couperus]] (1863–1923) on the occasion of his visit to London in June 1921, being invited by the Dutch ambassador in London, [[René de Marees van Swinderen]] (1860–1955), and which visit was mainly organised by his translator [[Alexander Teixeira de Mattos]] (1865–1921).<ref>Ronald Breugelmans, ''Louis Couperus. Lion of the season''. Raamsdonk, De Roofpers, 1982</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Donald Jacob Mackay.jpg|thumb]]
Lord Reay married Fanny Georgiana Jane, daughter of Richard Hasler, of [[Aldingbourne]], [[Sussex]], in 1877. They had no children. He died in August 1921, aged 81. On his death the barony of 1881 became extinct while he was succeeded in the Scottish title by his cousin Eric baron Mackay (1870–1921) who was succeeded only three months later by his son Sir Aeneas Alexander baron Mackay (1905–1963), 13th Lord Reay, member of the House of Lords (1955–1959).<ref name="thepeerage.com"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp75974/donald-james-mackay-11th-baron-reay Photograph of Lord Reay at the National Portrait Gallery]
* Papers of Lord Reay from his time as Governor of Bombay [Mumbai] are held at https://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/collections/a-z/r/.

{{s-start}}
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{{s-ttl| title = [[Lord Reay|Baron Reay]]
| years = 1881–1921 }}
{{s-non| reason = Extinct}}
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{{succession box |after=Eric Mackay| before=[[Aeneas Mackay, 10th Lord Reay|Aeneas Mackay]] | title=Baron Mackay| years=1839–1921}}
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{{FBA 1902}}
{{Rectors of the University of St Andrews}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reay, Donald Mackay, 11th Lord}}
[[Category:1839 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Academics of University College London]]
[[Category:Politicians from The Hague|Mackay, Donald]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Mackay, Donald]]
[[Category:Dutch people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Governors of Bombay]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights of the Thistle]]
[[Category:Lord-Lieutenants of Roxburghshire]]
[[Category:Members of the London School Board]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Delegates to the Hague Peace Conferences]]
[[Category:Presidents of Co-operative Congress]]
[[Category:Presidents of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Administrators in British India]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:Scottish justices of the peace]]
[[Category:Lords Reay]]
[[Category:Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria]]

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Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay