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<div>{{Short description|Revolt in Azad Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
{{about|the uprising in [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]]|the rebellion in the princely state|1947 Poonch Rebellion}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| image = File:Jammu and Kashmir in 1946 map of India by National Geographic.jpg<br />
| caption = Map of Jammu and Kashmir with Geographic regions<br />
| conflict = 1837 Poonch revolt<br />
| partof = [[Kashmir Conflict]]<br />
| date = 1837<br />
| place = modern day [[Poonch Division]]<br />
| result = Rebellion suppressed, Poonch's merger with [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| combatant1 = [[Sudhans]] of [[Poonch Division]], led by Sardar Shams Khan<br />
| combatant2 = [[Dogra dynasty|Maharaja of Jammu]]<br> Sikh Empire:[[Maharaja Gulab Singh]]<br>[[Dhian Singh]]<br />
}}<br />
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The '''1837 Poonch Revolt''', also known as the '''1837 Poonch Rebellion''', was a revolt in the princely state of Poonch against the Sikh Empire's [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra]] rulers, Raja [[Dhian Singh]] and [[Gulab Singh|Raja Gulab Singh]]. The revolt took place in the [[Poonch Division]] of [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] dependent territory of [[Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schofield|first=Victoria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8J6LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT85|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|date=2010-05-30|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-85773-078-7|language=en}}</ref><br />
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== History ==<br />
In 1837, after [[Hari Singh Nalwa]]'s death in the [[Battle of Jamrud]], the Sudhan tribe of [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch]] rose in revolt with other tribes and [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Pahari]]-speaking people. The insurgency was led by Shams Khan. <ref>Sir Alexander Cunningham, ''Four Reports Made During The Years 1862-63-64-65'', (The Government Central Press, 1871), Volume I, Page 13.[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=p4AXM4MbyL0C&dq]</ref><ref name="autogenerated4">Sir Lepel H. Griffin, ''The Panjab Chiefs.'', (T.C. McCarthy, Chronicle Press, 1865), Page 594.[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP1]</ref> and former confidential follower of [[Dhian Singh]].<ref name="autogenerated4" /> Shams Khan's betrayal of the regime was taken personally; [[Gulab Singh]] was given the task of suppressing the rebellion. <br />
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After defeating the insurgents in [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]] and the [[Murree]] hills, Gulab Singh stayed at [[Kahuta]] to subdue the insurgents. Shams Khan and his nephew Raj Wali Khan were betrayed and were decapitated as they slept. Meanwhile, the lieutenants were captured, flayed alive, and put to death. <br />
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Contemporary British commentators stated that the local population suffered immensely.<ref>Hastings Donnan, ''Marriage Among Muslims: Preference and Choice in Northern Pakistan'', (Brill, 1997), 41.[https://books.google.com/books?id=PL_ACoFwJ2gC&pg=PA41]</ref> Many rebels were captured and treated vengefully — their hands and feet were severed. The skin of Mali Khan and Sabz Ali Khan, two of Shams's close accomplices, was peeled off their bodies and their heads were hung on a gallows in a crossroad to deter others. The rebel chief was also decapitated.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWw8AAAAIAAJ |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir State: The making of the State |last=Kapur |first=Manohar Lal |publisher=Kashmir History Publications |year=1980 |isbn= |location=India |pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |chapter=Jammu and Jammutis|first=Christopher |last=Snedden |year=2015|publisher= HarperCollins India |isbn= 9781849043427|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name="Iffat Malik">{{citation |last1=Malik |first1=Iffat |title=Kashmir: Ethnic Conflict International Dispute |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9J8QgAACAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-579622-3 |chapter=Jammu Province |page=62}}</ref><br />
[[File:Shams Khan's grave plaques.jpg|thumb|Graveyard plaques of 18th-century Shams Khan in [[Poonch|Poonch]],]]<br />
[[File:Raja Dhian Singh, Sikh school, India, c. mid 1800s AD, opaque watercolor and gold on paper - Tokyo National Museum - Tokyo, Japan - DSC08818.jpg|thumb|Portrait of ''[[Raja]]'' [[Dhian Singh]] in opaque watercolor and gold on exhibit at the [[Tokyo National Museum]]. c. mid 19th century.]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Poonch Revolt (1836)}}<br />
[[Category:Kashmir conflict]]<br />
[[Category:Dogra]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistan-occupied Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Poonch District, Pakistan]]</div>2A02:A03F:90DD:4B00:3D1B:9506:6ABB:7214