Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of nationalistic symbols of Bangladesh

2022-08-24T13:30:04Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to List of national symbols of Bangladesh

#Redirect [[List of national symbols of Bangladesh]]

Nationalised symbols of Bangladesh

2022-08-24T13:28:57Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to National symbols of Bangladesh

#Redirect [[National symbols of Bangladesh]]

Talk:Separatist flag

2022-08-24T13:28:04Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Created page with "{{Talk page}}"

Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)

2022-08-24T13:27:41Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: /* Symbols */

{{Main|National symbols of Bangladesh}}{{See also|List of national symbols of Bangladesh}}
[[Image:First Flag of Bangladesh Awami League (1947-1971).png|border|100px|right]]
[[Image:India - Bengal area 1950s (8165904945).jpg|thumb|The Location State map of ''[[East Pakistan]]'', 1950; now the defunct former region over which the '''[[Bangladesh Government-in-Exile]]''' claimed sovereignty as ''[[Bangladesh]].'']]
The '''Former Provincial Regionalist Symbols of the then Province of [[East Pakistan]]i Republic''' were the official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that were emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of the then former Pakistani citizens of [[Bengali people|Bengalese]] and of its culture. Among the additional objects which were considered to be symbols of the Bangla nation, is the Shapla. Often pink, and white (due to stems and leaves), these flowers displayed the primary aquatic colours of the present-Bangladeshi flags. Jackfruits, fish, [[Mango tree]]s, and the [[Tiger]] were also widely accepted as symbols for the [[East Pakistan]]i, now Nationalised by [[Bangladesh]]is since 1972 respectively.

==Symbols==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
!
!Symbol
!Image
|-
! [[Coat of arms]]
| [[Former provincial Coat of arms of East Pakistan]]
| [[Image:Emblem of Pakistan (1947-1955).svg|92px|centre|State Coat of Arms of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Flag]]
| [[State flag of Bangalistan|Regional flag of Bangalistan]]
| [[Image:First flag of Bangladesh.png|92px|centre|Separatist Flag of East Bengalese]][[Separatist flag]]
|-
! [[Flower]]
| [[Provincial flower of East Pakistan]] ''Nymphaea pubescens''
| [[Image:Nymphaea pubescens JNTBGRI.jpg|92px|centre|State Flower of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Tree]]
| [[Provincial tree of East Pakistan]] ''Ficus benghalensis''
| [[Image:Banyan tree-2.jpg|92px|centre|State Tree of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Bird]]
| [[Provincial bird of East Pakistan]] ''Amaurornis phoenicurus''
| [[Image:White breasted Waterhen I IMG 0501.jpg|92px|centre|State Bird of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Animal]]s
| [[Provincial animal of East Pakistan]] ''Neofelis nebulosa'' [[Regional heritage animal of East Pakistan]]
''Panthera tigris tigris''
| [[Image:Clouded Leopard (37287218692).jpg|92px|centre|State Animal of East Pakistan]][[Image:Royal Bengal Tiger,Bangladesh.jpg|92px|centre|State Heritage Animal of East Pakistan]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Politics-stub}}

{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

[[Category:East Bengal-related lists|Symbols]]
[[Category:Lists of subnational symbols|East Pakistani regional symbols]]
[[Category:Subnational symbols of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Bengali culture| ]]
[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)| ]]

Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)

2022-08-24T13:23:03Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

{{Main|National symbols of Bangladesh}}{{See also|List of national symbols of Bangladesh}}
[[Image:First Flag of Bangladesh Awami League (1947-1971).png|border|100px|right]]
[[Image:India - Bengal area 1950s (8165904945).jpg|thumb|The Location State map of ''[[East Pakistan]]'', 1950; now the defunct former region over which the '''[[Bangladesh Government-in-Exile]]''' claimed sovereignty as ''[[Bangladesh]].'']]
The '''Former Provincial Regionalist Symbols of the then Province of [[East Pakistan]]i Republic''' were the official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that were emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of the then former Pakistani citizens of [[Bengali people|Bengalese]] and of its culture. Among the additional objects which were considered to be symbols of the Bangla nation, is the Shapla. Often pink, and white (due to stems and leaves), these flowers displayed the primary aquatic colours of the present-Bangladeshi flags. Jackfruits, fish, [[Mango tree]]s, and the [[Tiger]] were also widely accepted as symbols for the [[East Pakistan]]i, now Nationalised by [[Bangladesh]]is since 1972 respectively.

==Symbols==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
!
!Symbol
!Image
|-
! [[Coat of arms]]
| [[Former provincial Coat of arms of East Pakistan]]
| [[Image:Emblem of Pakistan (1947-1955).svg|92px|centre|State Coat of Arms of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Flag]]
| [[State flag of Bangalistan|Regional flag of Bangalistan]]
| [[Image:First flag of Bangladesh.png|92px|centre|Separatist Flag of East Bengalese]]
|-
! [[Flower]]
| [[Provincial flower of East Pakistan]] ''Nymphaea pubescens''
| [[Image:Nymphaea pubescens JNTBGRI.jpg|92px|centre|State Flower of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Tree]]
| [[Provincial tree of East Pakistan]] ''Ficus benghalensis''
| [[Image:Banyan tree-2.jpg|92px|centre|State Tree of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Bird]]
| [[Provincial bird of East Pakistan]] ''Amaurornis phoenicurus''
| [[Image:White breasted Waterhen I IMG 0501.jpg|92px|centre|State Bird of East Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Animal]]s
| [[Provincial animal of East Pakistan]] ''Neofelis nebulosa'' [[Regional heritage animal of East Pakistan]]
''Panthera tigris tigris''
| [[Image:Clouded Leopard (37287218692).jpg|92px|centre|State Animal of East Pakistan]][[Image:Royal Bengal Tiger,Bangladesh.jpg|92px|centre|State Heritage Animal of East Pakistan]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Politics-stub}}

{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

[[Category:East Bengal-related lists|Symbols]]
[[Category:Lists of subnational symbols|East Pakistani regional symbols]]
[[Category:Subnational symbols of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Bengali culture| ]]
[[Category:Former provincial symbols of East Bengal (Pakistan)| ]]

Provincial Symbols of West Pakistan (1955–1970)

2022-08-24T13:20:49Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

{{Main|National symbols of Pakistan|List of national symbols of Pakistan}}
[[Image:Flag of Muslim League.svg|border|100px|right]]
[[Image:Pakistan ethnic 1973.jpg|thumb|The Location State map of ''[[West Pakistan]]'', 1950; now the defunct present-day region over which the '''[[Dominion of Pakistan|PAKISTAN]]''' claimed sovereignty as the ''[[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]].'']]
[[Image:Flag-map of the Dominion of Pakistan.svg|thumb|Flag-map of the Dominion of Pakistan.]]
The '''Former Provincial Regionalist Symbols of the then Province of [[West Pakistan]]i Republic''' existed between 1955 – 1970 when then country was united in two parts, were the official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that were emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of the then former Pakistani citizens of as whole [[Heterogenous]] block and of its culture. Among the additional objects which were considered to be symbols of the Pak nation, is the Jasmine. Often pink, and white (due to stems and leaves), these flowers displayed the primary aquatic colours of the present-Pakistani flags. [[Mango]]es, Meat, [[Mango tree]]s, and the [[Irbis]] were also widely accepted as symbols for the [[West Pakistan]]i, now Nationalised by [[Pakistan]]is proper since 1972 political decapitation of the wings respectively.

[[Image:1963 South Asia (30249403993).jpg|thumb|1963 South Asia.]]

==Symbols==
{|class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
!
!Symbol
!Image
|-
! [[Coat of arms]]
| [[Provincial Coat of arms of West Pakistan]]
| [[Image:Arms of Pakistan.svg|192px|centre|State Coat of Arms of West Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Flag]]
| [[State flag of Pakistan|Regional flag of Pakistan]]
| [[Image:Flag of Pakistan (bordered).svg|192px|centre|Nationalist Flag of West Pakistani]]
|-
! [[Flower]]
| [[Provincial flower of West Pakistan]] ''Jasminum officinale''
| [[Image:Jasminum officinale.JPG|192px|centre|State Flower of West Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Tree]]
| [[Provincial tree of West Pakistan]] ''Cedrus deodara''
| [[Image:Pinaceae Cedrus deodara 1.1.jpg|192px|centre|State Tree of West Pakistan]]
|-
! [[Bird]]
| [[Provincial bird of West Pakistan]] ''Pavo cristatus''
| [[Image:Biology class 1.jpg|192px|centre|State Bird of West Pakistan]][[Image:Hues of nature.jpg|192px|centre|]]
|-
! [[Animal]]s
| [[Provincial animal of West Pakistan]] ''Capra falconeri cashmiriensis'' [[Regional heritage animal of West Pakistan]]
''Camelus dromedarius''
| [[Image:Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg|192px|centre|State Animal of West Pakistan]][[Image:12ShoaibKhanPhotos.png|192px|centre|State Heritage Animal of West Pakistan]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Politics-stub}}

{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

[[Category:Pakistan-related lists|Symbols]]
[[Category:Lists of subnational symbols|West Pakistani regional symbols]]
[[Category:Subnational symbols of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture| ]]
[[Category:Provincial symbols of West Pakistan (PAKISTAN)| ]]

Talk:National symbols of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:15:47Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols of the Siberian Republic| ]]
[[Category:National symbols by country|Siberia]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Asia|Siberian]]
[[Category:National symbols of Eastern Asia|Siberian]]

Category:National symbols of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:14:35Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Created page with "Siberian"

[[Category:National symbols by country|Siberian]]

Category talk:National symbols of Eurasia

2022-08-24T13:12:34Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Created page with "{{Talk header}}"

Talk:National symbols of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:11:58Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols of the Siberian Republic| ]]
[[Category:National symbols by country|Siberia]]
[[Category:National symbols of North Asia|Siberian]]

Category talk:National symbols of North Asia

2022-08-24T13:11:47Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Created page with "{{Talk header}}"

Talk:National symbols of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:10:09Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols of the Siberian Republic| ]]

Talk:National symbols of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:09:51Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Created page with " "

[[Category:National animal of the Siberian Republic| ]]

National animal of the Siberian Republic

2022-08-24T13:08:33Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Panthera tigris altaica

#Redirect [[Panthera tigris altaica]]

National animal of the Kingdom of Sikkim

2022-08-24T12:59:54Z

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#Redirect [[Ailurus fulgens]]

National bird of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Ithaginis cruentus

#Redirect [[Ithaginis cruentus]]

National tree of the Kingdom of Sikkim

2022-08-24T12:56:11Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Rhododendron niveum

#Redirect [[Rhododendron niveum]]

National plant of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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#Redirect [[Cymbidium goeringii]]

National flower of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Cymbidium goeringii

#Redirect [[Cymbidium goeringii]]

National flag of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Flag of Sikkim

#Redirect [[Flag of Sikkim]]

National emblem of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to Emblem of Sikkim

#Redirect [[Emblem of Sikkim]]

National symbols of the Kingdom of Sikkim

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2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: Redirected page to National symbols of Sikkim

#Redirect [[National symbols of Sikkim]]

Category:National symbols of Bhutan

2022-08-24T12:41:49Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols by country|Bhutan]]
[[Category:National symbols of Southeast Asia|Bhutan]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)|Bhutan]]

List of national symbols of Pakistan

2022-08-24T12:41:15Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: /* Other websites */

The '''National symbols of Pakistan''' ([[Urdu]]:{{lang|ur|پاکستان کی قومی علامتیں}}); Each [[Country]] of the world adopts some signs or emblems, which they regard as the representative of their country traits. ''[[Pakistan]]'' has several “Official National Symbols”. ''Pakistanis'' have several official '''[[National symbols]]''' including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The symbols were adopted at various stages in the existence of Pakistan and there are various rules and regulations governing their definition or use.
[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|thumb|Flag of Pakistan]]

== Oldest symbol ==
The oldest symbol is the [[Lahore Resolution]] or ''"Resolution of Pakistan"'', adopted by the [[Muslim League|All India Muslim League]] on the 23rd of March in 1940, and which presented the formal demand for Greater Autonomy for Muslims in United India, and later led to the demand for a separate and Independent 'Pakistan'. The Minar-e-Pakistan memorial tower which was built in 1968 on the site where the Lahore Resolution was passed in 1940.

The national flag was adopted just before independence was achieved on 14 August 1947. The national anthem and the state emblem were each adopted in 1954. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree; and some other things known as "National Identity". The “National symbols” and mostly national things of Pakistan are mentioned and listed here respectively.

== National identity ==
The following section introduces you to the natural National Identity Elements of '''[[Pakistan]]'''. These symbols are intrinsic to the common “Pakistani national identity and heritage”.

'''Pakistanis''' are known to be are proud of these patriotic '''[[National symbols|National Symbols]]''' as they infuse a sense of pride and patriotism in every Pakistan's heart. They have been selected carefully to project the image of Pakistan at its best.

These are chosen to reflect [[Pakistani culture]] and beliefs and also the positive attributes often associated with Pakistani customs and traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history of the country respectively.

These national symbols are mostly the national things from and relating to Pakistan of which are mentioned and listed portrayed elegantly in great detail here:{{refn|name=Gcounts|group=n|''Please Note; "Some of these patriotic national depicted elements are potentially recognised, and some are unofficial and have Not yet been Adopted or Accepted by the current [[Government of Pakistan]]".''}}

==Other Pakistani National and Official Symbols==
{{Blockquote|''"(Official name) {{lang|ur|اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان}} {{lang|ur-Latn|Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān}} Islamic Republic of Pakistan".

[[File:Ur-Pakistan.oga|thumb|The Name of the Country]]

The State '''Religion of [[Pakistan]]''' is [[Islam]], which is practiced by 96.28% of the population. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Pakistani [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]], which established a fundamental right of Pakistani citizens, irrespective of their religion, to equal rights.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf 2014 World Population Data]</ref><ref>Information on other countries: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf {{page needed|date=October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf |title=Country Profile: Pakistan |date=February 2005 |work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan |quote=Religion: About 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim, 77 percent of whom are Sunni and 20 percent Shia; remaining 3 percent of population divided equally among Christian, Hindu, and other religions|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|accessdate=2010-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk|title=Population: 174,578,558 (July 2010 est.)|work=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|publisher=[[The World Factbook]] on Pakistan|accessdate=2010-08-28}}</ref><ref name="Oxford Presss">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1|title=Pakistan, Islam in|accessdate=2010-08-29|work=[[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]] |quote=Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 10–15 percent are Shiis, mostly Twelvers.|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> The remaining 4% practice [[Hinduism]], [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christianity]], Ahmadis, [[Sikhism in Pakistan|Sikhism]], [[Bahá'í Faith|Baháʼí Faith]] and other religions.<ref name="Oxford Presss"/><ref name="CIA_PK">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk|title=Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other|department=Pakistan (includes Christian and Hindu) 4%|accessdate=2010-08-28|work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|year=2010}}</ref>}}

1. They exemplify the rich cultural fibre that resides at the core of the country.

2. Infuse a deep sense of [[pride]] in the hearts of [[Pakistani citizens]].

3. Represent a quality unique to Pakistan and its citizens.

4. Popularize the object chosen.

5. Help to [[Preservation|preserve]] the chosen national symbol for generations to come.

''Here is the detailed information about the [[National symbols]] of [[Pakistan]].''

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol
! Name
! Image
! References
|-
| '''[[National personification]]''' قومی شخصیت
| '''[[Pak Watan]]'''/Ali Faisal ''"A term of Endearment for Pakistan,"''/'''"[[Mumlikat-e-Khudadad]]"''' ''('God-Given State')''
| [[File:Pakistan Zindabad.jpg|100px]] [[File:Snow leopaard.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| title=Pakistan's Personification - |url=https://www.pakculturalsociety.org.uk/node/49/ | website=www.pakculturalsociety.org.uk | accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hetaliafanmadecharacters.fandom.com/wiki/Pakistan|access-date=2020-04-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705193434/https://hetaliafanmadecharacters.fandom.com/wiki/Pakistan|archivedate=2020-07-05|title=Archived copy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols.html|title=The Official Web Gateway to Pakistan|website=www.pakistan.gov.pk|access-date=2016-10-23|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128073024/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols.html|archivedate=2016-11-28}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National flag]]''' قومی پرچم
| '''[[Flag of Pakistan]]''' ''("Pārcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl")''
| [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|100px]]
| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/651351/amp/|title=Facts about the Pakistan flag|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=August 12, 2011}}</ref><ref name="flagsig1">{{cite web| url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Flag.aspx| title=Pakistan flag| publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan| accessdate=2007-12-11| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305050001/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Flag.aspx| archivedate=2009-03-05}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National emblem]]''' قومی مہر
| '''[[Coat of Arms of Pakistan|State emblem of Pakistan]]''' ''("Official Coat of Arms")''
| [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|100px]]
| <ref name="emblem1">{{cite web| url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx| title=The State Emblem| publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan| access-date=2007-11-29| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx| archive-date=2007-07-01}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Father of the Nation|''Great Leader'']]''' ''("Quaid-e-Azam")''
| '''Baba-e-Quam,''' Mr. '''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]''' ''("Bani-e-Pakistan")'' بابائے قوم {{Main|Pakistan Movement|All-India Muslim League#Leaders of All India Muslim League|Founding Fathers of Pakistan}}
| [[File:Jinnah1945c.jpg|100px]] [[File:Jinnah and Muslim League founders.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="basicfacts">{{cite web
| url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/BasicFacts.aspx
| title = Basic Facts
| publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-date = 27 March 2012
| archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/66TPGiccn?url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/BasicFacts.aspx
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="quaid">{{cite web| url=http://www.quaid.gov.pk/legend.htm| title=The Legend| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=29 November 2007| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914181853/http://www.quaid.gov.pk/legend.htm | archivedate=14 September 2007}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Mother of the Nation]]''' ''("Khatoon-e-Pakistan")''
| '''Madar-i-Millat,''' Miss. '''[[Fatima Jinnah]]''' مادرملت
| [[File:Muhammad Ali Jinnah with Fatima Jinnah.jpg|100px]] [[File:Jinnah lands at Lahore airport.png|100px]]
| <ref name="madar">{{cite web| url=http://www.fatimajinnah.gov.pk/celebration.htm| title=Celebration: A tribute to Madar-i-Millat| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=29 November 2007| archive-date=4 August 2003| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030804094026/http://www.fatimajinnah.gov.pk/celebration.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Muslim saints|National Islamic patron saint]]''' قومی بزرگ
| ''Peer Baba'' '''Hazrat [[Farid-ud-din Ganj Shakar|Fariduddin Ganjshakar]]''' بابا فرید الدین گنج شکر
| [[File:Pakpattan shrine.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://pakmcqs.com/general_knowledge_mcqs/national-saint-of-pakistan-is-/| title=National Saint of Pakistan is ________________________| date=4 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Folk hero|National Islamic hero]]''' قومی شہید ہیرو ''("The First Pakistani")''
| ''Martyr'' '''[[Muhammad bin Qasim]]''' محمد بن قاسم - پاکستان کے مسلمانوں میں ایک ہیرو کا اعزاز حاصل ہے
| [[File:Mbq.jpg|100px]] [[File:Muhammad Bin Qasim (712 AD) conquered Mooltan after a fierce battle which lasted for seven days.jpg|100px]] [[File:Muhammad Bin Qasim in his camp at Mooltan.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://nation.com.pk/01-Jan-2020/past-in-perspective| title=Past in Perspective}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national poets|National Poet]]''' ''("Spiritual Father of Pakistan")''
| '''Sir. [[Muhammad Iqbal]]''' محمد اقبال ''("Poet of the East")'' قومی شاعر
| [[File:Iqbal.jpg|100px]] [[File:Shikwa first split half.ogg|100px]] [[File:Shikwa Second split half.ogg|100px]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Allama Muhammad Iqbal |url=http://www.allamaiqbal.com/ |website=www.allamaiqbal.com |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national anthems|National anthem]]'''
| '''[[Qaumī Tarāna]]''' ''("Blessed Be The Sacred Pure-Land")'' قومی ترانہ
| [[File:Pakistani national anthem sheet music.gif|100px]][[File:Pakistan anthem - United States Navy Band.ogg|100px]]
| <ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{cite book| last = عباس| first = جعفرى، عقيل| title = [[Pakistan Chronicle]]| edition = 1st| year = 2010| publisher = Wirsa Publishers| location = 94/1, 26th St., Ph. 6, D.H.A., [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]| language = Urdu| isbn = 978-969-9454-00-4| page = 42 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Songs|National song]]''' ''("Milli Naghma")'' قومی نغمہ
| '''[[Is Parcham Ke Saye Talay Hum Aik Hain]]''' ''("Under This Banner, We are Oneǃ We are All Oneǃ")'' پاکستان کا قومی مارچنگ پریڈ گانا
| [[File:Inimated pakistani flag.gif|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=The State Emblem |url=http://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Nayyara-Noor/Is-Parcham-Ke-Saye}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of political slogans#P|National slogan]]'''/'''National Cry'''
| '''"[[Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad]]"''' ''("Long Live the Pure Land, Victory to Pakistani Freedom")'' قومی نعرہ
| [[File:Minar-E-Pakistan Lights.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="encyclopaedia">{{cite book| last = عباس| first = جعفرى، عقيل| title = [[Pakistan Chronicle]]| edition = First| year = 2010| publisher = Wirsa Publishers| location = 94/1, 26th St., Ph. 6, D.H.A., [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]| language = Urdu| isbn = 978-969-9454-00-4| page = 880 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national mottos|National motto]]''' قومی اصول قومی مقصد
| '''[[Unity, Faith, Discipline]]''' ایمان، اتحاد، نظم
| [[File:Quaid with Motto.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=The State Emblem |url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx |archivedate=1 July 2007 |publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. |accessdate=18 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National language]]''' قومی زبان
| '''[[Urdu]]''' اُردُو ''("Official Language")'' {{Main|Languages of Pakistan}}
| [[File:Zaban urdu mualla.png|100px]][[File:LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-urdu.wav|100px]][[File:INAUGURATION DAY Wrap with Saqib Ul Islam and Aman Azhar of VOA Urdu -voainau....webm|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Chapter 4: "General." of Part XII: "Miscellaneous" |url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch4.html |website=The Constitution of Pakistan |accessdate=20 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national days|National days]]''' قومی دن
| '''[[Independence Day (Pakistan)|Independence Day]]''' یوم آزادی '''''[[Pakistan Day|Republic Day (Pakistan)]]''''' قومی قرارداد دستاویز/یوم پاکستان '''[[Defence Day]]''' یوم دفاع '''[[Kashmir Solidarity Day]]''' یوم یکجہتی کشمیر
| [[File:Parallel steps.jpg|100px]] [[File:Pakistan Resolution Day.JPG|100px]] [[File:Pakistan Day Parade - 23 March.jpg|100px]] [[File:Pakistani Army band commander.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archivedate=15 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Geological survey|National Official Map]] by Mian Mahmood Alam Suhrawardy.
| '''[[Survey of Pakistan|National Survey of Pakistan]]''' قومی نقشہ
| [[File:Flag-map of Pakistan (de-facto).svg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.surveyofpakistan.gov.pk/ |title=Survey of Pakistan}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National epic]]''' قومی رزمیہ
| '''[[Hamzanama]]''' ہمزاناما
| [[File:Umurrud Shah Takes Refuge in the Mountains, ca. 1570..jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/794040978025088703|title=Indian Paintings}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National weapon]]''' قومی دفاع
| '''[[Scimitar|Islamic talwaar]]''' ''("Defender of Faith")'' اسلام کا محافظ
| [[File:Sabel, Kilij, Karabela Kostiumowa - Livrustkammaren - 31063.tif|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sword of Islam |url=http://www.islam101.com/dawah/sword_islam.html |website=www.islam101.com |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Religious symbol|Islamic faith symbol]]''' مذہبی علامت
| '''[[Star and crescent]]''' چاند ستارہ ''("Official")'' قومی نشان
| [[File:IslamSymbol ر.png|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan's Flag - |url=https://www.enchantedlearning.com/asia/pakistan/flag/ |website=www.enchantedlearning.com |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National book]]''' قومی کتاب
| '''[[Pakistan Declaration|Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?]]''' اعلامیہ پاکستان ''("Unofficial")''
| [[File:Brit IndianEmpireReligions3.jpg|100px]] [[File:From iqbal park.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>Pakistan, the enigma of political development, by Lawrence Ziring, p. 67</ref><ref>Iqbal, an illustrated biography [[Khurram Ali Shafique]], p.131</ref><ref>India-Pakistan in war & peace, Jyotindra Nath Dixit p. 10</ref><ref>The Great Divide: Muslim Separatism and Partition By S.C. Bhatt, p. 70</ref><ref>A history of Pakistan: past and present Muḥammad ʻAbdulʻaziz, p. 162</ref>
|-
| '''[[National colours]]''' قومی رنگنے
| {{Main|Colours of Pakistan}} '''پاکستان کے رنگ''' [[White]] خالص سفید رنگ and [[Shades of green#Pakistan green|Dark Green]] گہرے سبز رنگ {{color box|darkgreen|border=darkgray}}{{color box|white|border=darkgray}} [[Lime (colour)|Lime green]] (sports) چونا سبز کھیلوں کا رنگ and [[Gold]] سونے کا رنگ {{color box|#00D820|border=darkgray}}{{color box|gold|border=darkgray}}
| [[File:National Cockade of Pakistan.svg|100px]] [[File:Ralli made by young girl.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1884/|title=Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303153849/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1884/|archive-date=2018-03-03|url-status=live|access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Calendar|National calendar]]s''' قومی تقویم
| '''[[Islamic calendar]]''' اسلامی تقویم '''[[Punjabi calendar|Desi calendar]]''' پنجابی کلینڈر ''("Unofficial")''
| [[File:Islamic Calendar.jpg|100px]] [[File:Collectie NMvWereldculturen, TM-3500-313c, Kalender van 1963. Josephine Powell Collection, 1963.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>[https://www.islamicfinder.org/islamic-calendar/ Islamic Finder, Hijra calendar]</ref><ref>{{cite book| title = Pakistan Pictorial| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CSRuAAAAMAAJ| year = 1986| publisher = Pakistan Publications| isbn = }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Mirza| first = Shafqat Tanvir| title = Resistance Themes in Punjabi Literature| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YCMeAAAAIAAJ| year = 1992| publisher = Sang-e-Meel Publications| isbn = 978-969-35-0101-8 }}</ref>{{refn|group=n|The Punjabi periodicals published in Pakistan print Punjabi calendar figures.<ref>{{cite book| title = Organiser| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hsc-AQAAIAAJ| year = 1994| publisher = Bri Bhushan for Bharat Prakashan (Delhi) Limited| isbn = }}</ref>}}
|-
| '''[[List of national passports|National passport]]'''
| '''[[Pakistani passport]]''' قومی شناخت
| [[File:Pakistan Passport.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgip.gov.pk/Files/Passport.aspx|title=Directorate General of Immigration & Passports, Ministry of Interior, Government of Pakistan|publisher=|accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national airlines|National airline]]''' قومی طیارہ
| '''[[Pakistan International Airlines|PIA]]''' پاکستان انٹرنیشنل ایئر لائنز ''("Flag Carrier")'' پرچم بردار
| [[File:Boeing 747-240B(M), Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) JP379636.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| title=Pakistan's Airline - |url=https://www.piac.com.pk/corporate/about-us/history/ | website=www.piac.com.pk | accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Fiat money|National currency]]'''
| '''[[Pakistani rupee]]s''' [[File:Pakistani rupee sign.png|22px]] ''(Rs. PKR)'' قومی زر فرمان/پاکستانی روپے
|
| <ref>{{cite web| title=Pakistan's Economy - |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pkr.asp/ | website=www.investopedia.com | accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National dress|National dress-code]]''' قومی لباس
| '''[[Salwar Kameez|Shalwar Qameez]]''' شلوار قمیض ''("Unisex")'' غیر جنسی '''[[Karakul (hat)|Jinnah cap]]''' قراقلی ٹوپی ''("National headgear")''
| [[File:Lala sehrai.png|100px]] [[File:Zainab Chottani with her show stoppers.jpg|100px]] [[File:Girl in salwar kameez.jpg|100px]] [[File:Shalvaar qamiz.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| title=Pakistan's Dress - |url=https://www.pakculturalsociety.org.uk/node/49/ | website=www.pakculturalsociety.org.uk | accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Movie studio|National media and film Industry]]
| '''[[Lollywood]]'''/Urdu & Punjabi cinema لالی وُڈ
| [[File:Pakistanfilm.png|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web | title=Pakistan's Cinema - | url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/power-to-pakistans-entertainment-industry-lollywood-1.1541940882356/ | website=www.gulfnews.com | accessdate=14 April 2020 | archive-date=10 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410183337/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/power-to-pakistans-entertainment-industry-lollywood-1.1541940882356 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Floral emblem|National flower]]''' قومی پھول
| '''[[Jasminum officinale|Common Jasmine/Poet's Jasmine]]''' سفید چمیلی ''("Queen of Fragrance" or "Floral Queen")'' خوشبو کی ملکہ
| [[File:Jasminum officinale.JPG|100px]]
| <ref name="officialsymbols">{{citation |url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols.html |title=National Symbols of Pakistan |publisher=Official Gateway to the Government of Pakistan |accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national trees|National tree]]s''' قومی درختوں
| '''[[Cedrus deodara|Himalayan cedar]]''' دیودار/لکڑی کا بادشاہ ''("King of Timber")'' قومی درخت '''[[Mango tree]]''' آم کا درخت ''("National tropical tree of pakistan")'' پاکستان کا قومی اشنکٹبندیی درخت
| [[File:Pedrengo cedro nel parco Frizzoni.jpg|100px]] [[File:MangoTree.jpeg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan National Tree Deodar |url=http://pakculturalsociety.org.uk/node/51 |website=pakculturalsociety.org.uk |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national fruits|National fruit]]s''' قومی پھلوں
| '''[[Mango]]''' (Summer) آم/قومی پھل - پھلوں کا بادشاہ ''("King of fruits")''<ref name="officialsymbols"/> '''[[Guava]]''' (Winter) امرود/ثانوی قومی پھل
| [[File:Dosehri.JPG|100px]] [[File:Guavas in Pakistan.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistani mango: The king of fruits |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1539616/world |website=Arab News |accessdate=10 April 2020 |language=en |date=13 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''National vegetable''' قومی سبزی
| '''[[Okra]]''' بھنڈی ''("Official")'' ''("Nutritious Edible Seed Pod")'' متناسب خوردنی بیج پوڈ
| [[File:Bucket of raw okra pods.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Vegetable of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-vegetable-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=18 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national dishes|National dish]]es''' قومی آمدورفت ''("Traditional Pakistani Cuisine")'' روایتی پاکستانی کھانا
| '''[[Biryani]]'''/'''[[Nihari]]''' نہاری اور بریانی/قومی پکوان
| [[File:Bukhari Rice ارز بخاري بالدجاج.JPG|100px]] [[File:Nihari.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Biryani- National Dish |url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/biryani-national-dish/ |website=Dost Pakistan |accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''National spice''' قومی مصالحہ
| '''[[Saffron|Saffron Masala]]'''/'''Zafran''' زعفران مصالحہ
| [[File:Saffron in Spice Shop - Sheki - Azerbaijan (18265272715).jpg|100px]] [[File:Boite persane de Safran d'Iran en pistil - Khorasan.png|100px]]
| <ref name="Keay">Keay (2005), pp. 19-20.</ref>
|-
| '''National herb''' قومی جڑی بوٹی
| '''[[Coriander]]'''/'''Dhania''' دھنیا بوٹی مسالا
| [[File:Korianderblaadjes-spice.jpg|100px]] [[File:Coriander seeds close up.jpeg|100px]] [[File:قزبورary-stoubion 2.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="Keay" />
|-
| '''[[Crop|National cash crops]]''' قومی فصلیں
| '''[[Sugarcane]]''' قومی زرعی نقد فصل/'''[[Wheat]]''' قومی اسٹاک نقد فصل
| [[File:Shentu - rural landscape east of Shanwei cun - P1260072.JPG|100px]] [[File:Wheat P1210892.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National Crop Pakistan? |url=https://mcqsme.com/ppsc-paper-lecturer-english-mcqs/what-is-the-national-crop-of-pakistan/ |website=MCQSme |accessdate=14 April 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national drinks|National beverage]]s''' قومی مشروبات
| '''[[Sugarcane juice]]''' گنے کا رس ''("National Juice")'' قومی مشروبات '''[[Rose syrup]]''' ''("National Syrup")'' گلاب کا شربت '''[[Pakola]]''' ''("National Softdrink")'' پاکولا
| [[File:Sugarcanejuice.jpg|100px]] [[File:Afza Syrup (Lal sharbat).JPG|100px]] [[File:1st bottle.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sugarcane juice declared as national drink of Pakistan |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/347884/sugarcane-juice-declared-as-national-drink-of-pakistan/ |website=Daily Times |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=25 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Confectionery|National confectionery]]''' پاکستانی مٹھایاں
| '''[[Gulab jamun]]/'''Barfi گلاب جامن ''("Sweetest, Sweet of Sweets")'' قومی مٹھائی
| [[File:Gulab Jamun served Hot.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National Sweet Pakistan? |url=http://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-sweet-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Pets|National pets]]''' قومی پالتو جانور
| '''[[Himalayan cat|Pakistani cat]]'''/'''Himalayan Persian breed''' پاکستانی بلی/قومی پالتو جانور '''[[Rose-ringed parakeet]]''' گلابی گردن طوطا
| [[File:Himalayan Male Cat 5 years Old Lilac Point.jpg|100px]] [[File:Psittacula krameri -colour mutations -pets-8a.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Cats for sale in Pakistan |url=https://www.petspakistan.com/cats/himalayan |website=www.petspakistan.com |accessdate=14 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National dove/pigeon]]''' قومی کبوتروں
| '''[[Eurasian collared dove]]''' قومی کبوتر '''[[Pakistan Highflyer]]''' پاکستانی کبوتر
| [[File:Eurasian Collared Dove I IMG 9588.jpg|100px]] [[File:Wadday Kabuter Baaz (3).jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Some facts about National Doves of Pakistan? |url=https://steemit.com/travel/@bapin/some-facts-about-national-doves-of-pakistan |website=Steemit |accessdate=22 July 2021 |language=en |date=28 October 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Pets|National rabbit]]''' قومی خرگوش
| '''[[Pakistani Cashmere Lop]]''' قومی پاکستانی کشمری لوپ
| [[File:Cashmerelop.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Some facts about National Rabbit of Pakistan? |url=https://steemit.com/travel/@bapin/some-facts-about-national-rabbit-of-pakistan |website=Steemit |accessdate=22 July 2021 |language=en |date=28 October 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of dog breeds|National guard dog]]''' قومی کتے کا نسل
| '''[[Bhagyari Kutta]]'''/'''Pakistani Shepherd Dog''' باگیاری کتا/پاکستانی شیفرڈ ڈاگ
| [[File:Hector the dog.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National Dog Pakistan? |url=http://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-dog-of-pakistan/|website=Pakistan General Knowledge|accessdate=10 July 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of horse breeds|National horse breed]]''' قومی گھوڑے کا نسل
| '''[[Nukra Stallion]]/Hirzai''' پاکستانی گھوڑا/ہیرزئی
| [[File:Grazing horses.jpg|100px]] [[File:Anser-KashmirPoint.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National Horse Pakistan? |url=http://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-horse-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge|accessdate=30 May 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of donkey breeds|National feral]]''' قومی گدھے کا نسل
| '''[[Sperki|Pakistani donkey]]''' پاکستانی گدھا - اسپرکی
| [[File:The world's smallest donkeys available in Chitral Pakistan.JPG|100px]]
| <ref name="qref|7|73">{{qref|7|73-79|b=y}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of chicken breeds|National poultry/fowl]]''' قومی مرغیاں کا نسل
| '''[[Pakistani cockerel]]/Desi Murgh''' پاکستانی دیسی مرغی
| [[File:Sindhi Kaura Aseel stag.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="qref|7|73" />
|-
| '''[[List of cattle breeds|National buffalo/cattle]]''' قومی بلیوں کا نسل
| '''[[Pakistani buffalo]]''' بھینس '''[[Sahiwal cattle|Pakistani cattle]]''' پاکستانی ساہیوال مویشی
| [[File:Buffalo-مج.jpg|100px]] [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vierjarige Sahiwal stier in de weide op het Naivasha Dairy Research Station TMnr 20038778.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="qref|7|73" />
|-
| '''[[List of sheep breeds|National sheep/goat]]''' قومی بکریاں کا نسل
| '''[[Cashmere goat]]'''/'''Pakistani Beetal Pashmina Bhakra''' قومی بکرا ''("White gold of Pakistan")'' پاکستان کا سفید سونا '''[[Kajli sheep]]''' قومی بھیڑ
| [[File:Pashmina Goat.jpg|100px]] [[File:Kajla Lamb.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National Sheep Pakistan? |url=http://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-sheep-of-pakistan/|website=Pakistan General Knowledge|accessdate=22 July 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National animal]]''' قومی جانور
| '''[[Markhor]]''' مارخور ''("Serpent-Killer")'' سانپ مارنا ''("Insignia of [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]]")''
| [[File:Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/196961-do-you-know-why-the-markhor-is-pakistans-national-animal
| title=Do you know why the Markhor is Pakistan's national animal?}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National bird]]''' قومی پرندہ
| '''[[Chukar partridge|Chukar pheasant]]''' چکور ''("Moon Gazer")'' چاند نظریں
| [[File:Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar).jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Some facts about National Bird of Pakistan? |url=https://steemit.com/travel/@bapin/some-facts-about-national-bird-of-pakistan |website=Steemit |accessdate=10 April 2020 |language=en |date=28 October 2017}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National aquatic marine mammal]]''' ''("National Treasure")'' قومی خزانہ
| '''[[Indus river dolphin]]'''<ref name="officialsymbols"/> بھولان قومی آبی میرین پریمال
| [[File:Platanista gangetica noaa.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What Is National Aquatic Animal Of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-national-aquatic-animal-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=2 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National social mammal]]''' قومی سماجی ستنداری
| '''[[Rhesus macaque]]''' رہیسس مکاک
| [[File:Young Rhesus Macaque.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=AP PHOTOS: Life of a trained monkey in Pakistan |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-ap-photos-life-of-a-trained-monkey-in-pakistan-2014feb21-story.html |website=San Diego Union-Tribune |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=21 February 2014}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National predator]]''' قومی زمین کا شکار
| '''[[Snow leopard]]'''<ref name="officialsymbols"/> برفانی چیتا/ہمالیہ بندیدار برفیلی شیر
| [[File:The Snow Leopard.jpg|100px]] [[File:Ghost Cat - Hunza.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="blog.batchgeo.com">{{cite web |title=National Animals of Every Country – BatchGeo Blog |url=https://blog.batchgeo.com/national-animals/ |website=blog.batchgeo.com |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National bird of prey]]'''
| '''[[Shaheen falcon]]''' شاہین ''("Insignia of [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]]")''<ref name="officialsymbols"/> شکار کی قومی نسل
| [[File:Shaheen falcon.jpg|100px]] [[File:Badge of the Pakistan Air Force.svg|100px]]
| <ref name="blog.batchgeo.com" />
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National heritage animal]]'''
| '''[[Camel]]''' ورثہ جانور
| [[File:Camel of Daak, Noshki - panoramio.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="qref|7|73" />
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National heritage bird]]'''
| '''[[Indian peafowl|Asiatic peafowl]]''' ورثہ پرندہ
| [[File:13599xvxvb.jpg|100px]] [[File:Blue Peacock in the Daman-e-koh park.jpg|100px]] [[File:Dancing Peacock in AYUB PARK.jpg|100px]] [[File:White Peacock, Balakot.jpg|100px]] [[File:Ali Mujtaba WLE 18 DSC 0607 01.jpg|100px]][[File:Indian Peafowl.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>Josef von Hammer-Purgstall ''Die Geisterlehre der Moslimen'' (the doctrin of spirits of muslims) 1852 original: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digitalized: 22. July 2010 (german)
</ref>
|-
| '''National butterflies''' قومی تیتلیوں
| '''[[Mimathyma ambica|Indian purple emperor]]''' قومی تیتلی '''[[Papilio polyctor|Common Asian peacock butterfly]]'''
| [[File:VB 023 Indian Purple Emperor.jpg|100px]] [[File:Sarbaria significans m 488.png|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the National butterfly of Pakistan? – National Symbols of Pakistan |url=https://mcqsplanet.com/2019/11/19/what-is-the-national-butterfly-of-pakistan/ |website=McqsPlanet |accessdate=10 April 2020 |date=19 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''National insects''' قومی کیڑوں
| '''[[Diorhabda meridionalis|Tamarisk Leaf Beetle]]''' قومی کیڑے '''[[Apis cerana indica|Asiatic Honey Bee]]''' شہد کی مکھی
| [[File:DiorhabdameridionalisRaskIran.jpg|100px]] [[File:Apis indica.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.pakistangk.com/national-insect-of-pakistan/| title=National Insect of Pakistan| date=5 July 2018}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National aquatic bird]]''' قومی آبی چڑیا
| '''[[Cotton pygmy goose|Cotton teal]]''' چٹی بطخ ٹیل
| [[File:Nettapus coromandelianus, Prague Zoo (208976825).jpg|100px]][[File:Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus.ogv|90px]] [[File:Cotton Pygmy-Goose (Nettapus coromandelianus) from Pullazhi ML151614891.mp3|90px]]
|
|-
| '''National fish''' قومی مچھلی
| '''[[Tor putitora|Himalayan Mahaseer/Golden Mahaseer]]''' سنہری مہاسیر
| [[File:Tor Putitora.jpeg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.pakistanfishing.com/the-great-mahseer-of-pakistan-a-fish-of-dreams| title=The Great Mahseer of Pakistan – A Fish of Dreams| date=22 April 2011| access-date=10 April 2020| archive-date=25 April 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425115601/https://www.pakistanfishing.com/the-great-mahseer-of-pakistan-a-fish-of-dreams| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''National amphibians''' قومی ابھابیوں
| '''[[Hoplobatrachus tigerinus|Indus Valley Bullfrog]]''' وادی انڈس بیل میڑک '''[[Bufo stomaticus|Indus Valley toad]]''' وادی سنڈو ٹاڈ/قومی امفابی
| [[File:Hoplobatrachus tigerinus01.jpg|100px]] [[File:Bufo stomaticus04.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.pakistangk.com/national-amphibian-of-pakistan/| title=National Amphibian of Pakistan| date=5 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| '''National Oceanic creature''' قومی سمندری مخلوق
| '''[[Black finless porpoise]]''' لامتناہی پورپوائز
| [[File:Yangtze finless porpoise, 10 November 2006.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.pakpedia.pk/porpoise-national-oceanic-creature
| title=Porpoise (Oceanic Creatre) | Pakpedia
}}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National reptile''' قومی خزندہ
| '''[[Mugger Marsh Crocodile|Indus Crocodile]]''' انڈس مگر مچھ
| [[File:Persiancrocodile.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.pakpedia.pk/crocodile-national-reptile
| title=Crocodile (National reptile) | Pakpedia
| access-date=2020-04-25
| archive-date=2020-04-10
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410192102/https://www.pakpedia.pk/crocodile-national-reptile
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of pig breeds|National hog creature]]''' قومی خنزیر کا نسل
| '''[[Central Asian boar]]''' عام یوریشی جنگلی سؤر
| [[File:Sus scrofa davidi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="qref|7|73" />
|-
| '''[[Fossil|National fossil]]''' قومی جیواشم
| '''[[Paraceratherium|Giant Giraffe Rhinoceros]]/The Near Beast of Pakistan''' وشال جراف گینڈے
| [[File:Paraceratherium-Scale-Diagram-SVG-Steveoc86.svg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last = Palmer| first = Douglas| title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals| year = 1999| publisher = Marshall Editions| isbn = 978-1-84028-152-1| page = 262 }}</ref>
|-
| '''National river''' قومی دریا ''("Sacred River")'' مقدس ندی
| '''[[Indus River]]''' دریائے سندھ ''("National Lifeline of Pakistan")'' پاکستان کا شہ رگ
| [[File:Sunset by river Indus in Sakardu.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What Is National River Of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-national-river-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=2 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National mountain''' قومی پہاڑ
| '''[[K2]]''' کے ٹو ''("Shaan of Pakistan")'' شان کا پاکستان
| [[File:Picture of K2.jpg|100px]] [[File:K2-big.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What Is National Mountain Of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-national-mountain-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=2 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National lake''' قومی جھیل
| '''[[Saiful Muluk Lake|Lake Saiful Muluk]]''' جھیل سیف الملوک
| [[File:Saif ul malook lake pakistan.jpeg|100px]] [[File:Saif Ul Malook The Lake Of Faries.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>http://windsweptwords.com/2013/04/27/the-legend-of-Saif-ul-Muluk-part-iv/{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=149995|title=The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Asghar Javed">{{cite news|last=Javed |first=Asghar |date=23 June 2002 |title=Pristine lakes of the north |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/020623/dmag9.htm |access-date=10 September 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713113826/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/020623/dmag9.htm |archive-date=13 July 2007 }}</ref>
|-
| '''National mineral''' پاکستانی معدنیات
| '''[[Himalayan salt]]''' ہمالیہ لال نمک ''("Pink gold of Pakistan")'' قومی معدنی/پاکستان کا گلابی سونا
| [[File:2015-03-07 Pakistanisches, sogenanntes Himalaya-Salz 0399.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What Is National Mineral Of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-national-mineral-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=25 June 2021 |date=2 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National gemstone''' قومی قیمتی پتھر
| '''[[Emerald]]''' زمرد ''("Pakistani Mineral")'' پاکستانی رنگین معدنیات
| [[File:Fluorite-51132.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What Is National Gemstone Of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-national-gemstone-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=2 July 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National sport]]s''' قومی کھیلوں ''("Primary")''
| '''[[Field hockey]]''' فیلڈ ہاکی ''("Official")'' قومی کھیل
| [[File:HOCKEY ARGENTINA PAKISTAN.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="tourism">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakistantourism.gov.pk/home.aspx?Sch=47 |title=National Symbols |publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan |accessdate=29 November 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629014423/http://www.pakistantourism.gov.pk/home.aspx?Sch=47 |archivedate=29 June 2007}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National sport|National game]]''' ''("Secondary")''
| '''[[Polo]]''' پولو ''("Traditional sport")'' ثانوی قومی کھیل
| [[File:Fairy meadows polo match.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://cultureofpakistani.weebly.com/national-sport-of-pakistan.html| title=National Sport of Pakistan}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national dances|National dance]]''' قومی رقص
| '''[[Kathak]]''' ''("Traditional dance")'' کتھک
| [[File:Kathak dance - 2007-10-12 - 23.jpg|100px]][[File:Naheed ki katha, 20 min, May 2001.webm|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Dance of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-dance-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national instruments|National instrument]]''' قومی سازوسامان
| '''[[Dafli]]'''/Daf ''("Persianate")'' دفلی
| [[File:Daff.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Instrument of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-instrment-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Cultural icon|National Icon]]''' قومی آئکن
| '''[[Teen Talwar]]/The Three Swords''' تین تلواریں کا یادبود/قومی مقصد ''("National Motto")''
| [[File:Adnan Asim's Karachi City. 3 Talwar ( Swords ) Clifton, Karachi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Icon of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-icon-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National fort''' قومی قلعہ
| '''[[Lahore Fort|Shahi Qila]]''' شاہی قلعہ ''("Royal Fort")''
| [[File:Lahore Fort.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of Fort of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-fort-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Cultural heritage|National Islamic heritage]]''' ''("Cultural")''
| '''[[Badshahi Mosque|Badshahi Masjid]]''' ''("Imperial or Emperor's Great Mosque")'' قومی اسلامی ورثہ
| [[File:Badshahi Masjid - Side View.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Heritage of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-heritage-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Cultural heritage|National civilisational heritage]]''' ''("Historical")''
| '''[[Mohenjo-daro]]''' ''("Mound of the Dead Men")'' قومی تاریخی ورثہ
| [[File:Mohenjodaro - view of the stupa mound.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>Aitzaz Ahsan 1997. ''Indus saga and the making of Pakistan'' Karachi: Oxford University Press.</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national mosques|National mosque]]''' قومی مسجد
| '''[[Faisal Mosque|Shah Faisal Masjid]]''' فیصل مسجد ''("[[Official]]")''
| [[File:Ray of light over Faisal Masjid.jpg|100px]][[File:33937 ejaz215 call-to-prayer-from-the-prophet-s-mo.ogg|100px]]
| <ref name="mosque1">{{cite web| url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199201/a.mosque.in.islamabad.htm| title=A Mosque in Islamabad| author=Len McGrane| work=Saudi Aramco World magazine| publisher=Aramco Services Company| date=January–February 1992| accessdate=29 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="mosque2">{{cite journal| author=Neelam Naz| date=13 September 2005| title=Contribution of Turkish architects to the national architecture of Pakistan: Vedat Dalokay| journal=Journal of the Faculty of Architecture| volume=22| issue=2| pages= 56–64| publisher=Middle East Technical University| location=Ankara, Turkey| url=http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2005/cilt22/sayi_2/51-77.pdf| accessdate=29 November 2007}}</ref>
|-
| '''National Garden'''
| '''[[Rose and Jasmine Garden]]''' ''("Islamabad")'' قومی باغ
| [[File:Rose and jasmine garden2, Pakistan.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Garden of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-garden-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Shrine|National shrine of Pakistan]]'''
| '''[[Shrine of Baba Farid|Shrine of Hazrat Baba Farid]]''' ''("[[Pakpattan]]")'' اسلامی درگاہ
| [[File:Mosque at Darbar Hazrat Baba Farid ud Deen Ganj Shakar Rahmatullah Alaih - panoramio (3).jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Shrine of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-shrine-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National church|National Church of Pakistan]]''' قومی چرچ
| '''[[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Lahore]]''' ''("[[Christianity in Pakistan|Pakistani Christians]]")''
| [[File:Sacred Heart Cathedral (Lahore) I.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sacred Heart Cathedral celebrates its first 100 years |url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=10845}}</ref><ref>Pakistan Press International November 20, 2007</ref>
|-
| '''National sacred temples of Pakistan''' ''("Pakistanian Sacred Sites")'' پاکستانی قومی مقدس مقامات
| '''[[Katas Raj Temples|Katas Raj Temples Complex]]''' ("ہندو مذہب") '''[[Takht-I-Bahi]]''' ("بدھسٹ مذہب") '''[[Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur|Gurdwara Darbar Sahib]]''' ("سکھ مذہب") '''[[Nagarparkar Jain Temples]]'''/'''Sardhara''' ("جین مذہب")
| [[File:Katas Raj Temple.jpg|100px]] [[File:Takht bahi Buddhist Amazing old structure in modern world.jpg|100px]] [[File:Shri Kartarpur Sahib.jpg|100px]] [[File:Temple jen.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Temple of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-temple-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National park'''
| '''[[Fatima Jinnah Park]]''' ''(Public)'' قومی عوامی پارک
| | [[File:Fatima Jinnah Park Baradari in Evening.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Park of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-park-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National mausoleum'''
| '''[[Mazar-e-Quaid|Jinnah Mausoleum]]''' قومی مزار
| [[File:Front View of Quaid-e-Azam Tomb.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/rashid4u/2983927550| title=National Mausoleum of Pakistan| date=26 October 2008}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Memorial|National memorial]]'''
| '''[[Tomb of Allama Iqbal|Mazar-e-Iqbal]]''' قومی یادگار
| [[File:Allama Iqbal Tomb.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[Minaret|National towers]]''' قومی مینار ''("Towers of Pakistan")'' پاکستان کا مینارِ
| '''[[Minar-e-Pakistan]]''' ''("Resolution of Pakistan")'' قومی مینارِ '''[[Islamic summit minar]]''' اسلامی سمٹ مینار''("Monument of Islamic Unity")''
| [[File:'Minar-e-Pakistan'.jpg|100px]] [[File:Summit Minar, Lahore.JPG|100px]]
| <ref name="nationalsymbol">{{cite web| url=http://www.nationalheritage.gov.pk/nationalsymbols.html| title=National Symbols of Pakistan| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=23 August 2013| archive-date=27 August 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827084404/http://nationalheritage.gov.pk/nationalsymbols.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National monument]]s''' قومی یادگاریں
| '''[[Pakistan Monument]]''' یادبود پاکستان - '''[[Bab-e-Pakistan]]''' ''("Gateway of Pakistan")'' باب پاكستان
| [[File:Pakistan monument 7.jpg|100px]] [[File:Bab e Azazdi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="nm1">{{cite web| url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/ContentInfo.jsp?MinID=29&cPath=499_586&ContentID=3176| title=President Musharraf will inaugurate National Monument on 23rd| publisher=Government of Pakistan| date=22 March 2007| accessdate=29 November 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071116204043/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/ContentInfo.jsp?MinID=29&cPath=499_586&ContentID=3176 |archivedate = 16 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="nm2">{{cite web| url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007/03/30/story_30-3-2007_pg11_2| title=National Monument — a symbol of unity| author=Imran Naeem Ahmad| publisher=Daily Times of Pakistan| date=30 March 2007| accessdate=29 November 2007}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Official residence|National residency]]'''
| '''[[Quaid-e-Azam Residency|Karachi Flagstaff House Museum]]''' سرکاری رہائش گاہ
| [[File:AnilK00000011.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>Shahid Husain, [http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=177511 " Quaid-e-Azam House Museum suffers due to water shortage"]{{dead link|date=September 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[The News International]]'', 14 May 2009</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national stadiums|National stadium]]''' قومی اسٹیڈیم
| '''[[Lahore Stadium]]''' قذافی اسٹیڈیم
| [[File:Gaddafi stadium lahore.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of national libraries|National library]]'''
| '''[[Quaid-e-Azam library]]''' قومی کتابیں گھر/قومی لائبریری
| [[File:Jinnah Library bagh e jinnah.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Library of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-library-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national museums|National museum]]'''
| '''[[Lahore Museum]]''' قومی عجائب گھر
| [[File:Close view of Lahore Museum.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Museum of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-museum-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| '''National passageway''' روایتی راستہ ''("Traditional Gateway")''
| '''[[Bab-e-Khyber]]''' باب ای خائبر ''("National Passageway of Pakistan")'' قومی گزرگاہ/
| [[File:Baab-E-Khyber 2.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Pass of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-pass-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Beating retreat#India/Pakistan|National beating retreat or the flags lowering ceremony]]''' (Since 1959)
| '''[[Wagah|Wagah Border Defence Parade]]''' باب آزادی (''"Indo-Pak International Border"'') سرکاری سرحد
| [[File:India Pakistan Border - panoramio.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://traveltriangle.com/blog/wagah-border/|title=Wagah border: Visit The Place Of National Pride and Significance In 2021|last=Poochakatil|first=Aley|website=TravelTriangle}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Name of National Beating Retreat Ceremony of Pakistan? |url=https://www.pakistangk.com/what-is-the-name-of-national-beating-retreat-ceremony-of-pakistan/ |website=Pakistan General Knowledge |accessdate=14 April 2020 |date=14 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|}

==Related pages==
* [[Provincial symbols of Pakistan]]

===Related page===
* [[National symbols of Afghanistan]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=n}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}{{Reflist}}

==Other websites==
* [http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ The Government of Pakistan]
* [https://readnational.com/jasmine-national-flower-of-pakistan/ Jasmine: The National flower of Pakistan]
* [http://www.infopak.gov.pk/ Ministry of Information and Broadcasting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720001200/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/ |date=2005-07-20 }}
* [http://www.culture.gov.pk/ Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201142004/http://www.culture.gov.pk/ |date=2007-12-01 }}

{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Lists of national symbols|Pakistan]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)| ]]

Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)

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[[Category:National symbols of Asia| ]]
[[Category:National symbols by Regions|INDIA]]

Category talk:National symbols of Nepal

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Category:National symbols of Nepal

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[[Category:National symbols by country|Nepali]]
[[Category:National symbols of Southeast Asia|Nepali]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)|Nepal]]

Category:National symbols of Pakistan

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[[Category:National symbols by country|Pakistan]]
[[Category:Culture of Pakistan]]
[[Category:National symbols of Southcentral Asia|Pakistan]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Greater Middle East Region|Pakistan]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)|PAKISTANI]]

National symbols of Bangladesh

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{{short description|Overview of the national symbols of Bangladesh}}
[[File:Flag-map of Bangladesh2.svg|thumb|265px|[[Bangladesh]] and [[Flag of Bangladesh|its flag.]] (Otherwise known as a Bangladesh flag map)]]
[[File:Symbols.gif|thumb|265px]]
{{Culture of Bangladesh}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
{{Bengalis}}
The '''national symbols of Bangladesh''' consist of [[national symbols|symbols]] to represent [[Bangladesh]]i traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. Bangladesh has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, memorial towers as well as several national heroes. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree.

==Flag==
{{main|Flag of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Flag || Description
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| [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
|
The national [[Flag of Bangladesh]] ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা}}), known as Red-Green, was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It consists of a red disc on top of a green field, offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. The red disc represents the sun rising over [[Bengal]], and also the blood of those who died for the independence of Bangladesh. The green field stands for the lushness of the land of Bangladesh.<ref name=CIAfactbook-1>{{cite web|title=Flag description|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|work=The world fact book|publisher=CIA USA|access-date=2013-09-11|archive-date=2017-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701210145/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The flag is based on a similar flag used during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, which had a yellow map of the country inside the red disc. In 1972 this map was deleted from the flag. One reason given was the difficulty for rendering the map correctly on both sides of the flag.
The [[civil ensign]] and [[naval ensign]] place the national flag in the [[Flag terminology|canton]] of a red or white field, respectively.
|}

==Emblem==
{{main|National Emblem of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Image || Description
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| [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
| The national emblem of Bangladesh ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় প্রতীক}}) was adopted shortly after independence in 1971. Located on the emblem is a [[Nymphaea nouchali|water lily]], that is bordered on two sides by [[rice]] sheaves. Above the water lilly are four [[star]]s and a three connected jute leaves. The water lily is the country's national flower, and is representative of the many [[river]]s that run through Bangladesh. Rice represents its presence as the staple food of Bangladesh, and for the agriculture of that nation. The four stars represent the four founding principles in the current constitution of Bangladesh of 1972: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Cytological studies of ''Nymphaea'' species available in Bangladesh|author1=A Hossain|author2=G Kabir|author3=M M Ud-deen|author4=A M S Alam|name-list-style=amp|journal=Journal of Bio-Science|volume=15|pages=7–13|year=2007|doi=10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2197|url=http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS/article/view/2197|access-date=2013-12-11|archive-date=2019-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403190508/https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS/article/view/2197|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.bd/scweb/constitution/pdf/04_part1-4.pdf |title=Constitution |access-date=2013-06-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922151255/http://supremecourt.gov.bd/scweb/constitution/pdf/04_part1-4.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-22 }}</ref>
|}

==Government seal==
{{main|Government Seal of Bangladesh}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
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| [[File:Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg|200px]]
| The '''Government Seal of Bangladesh''' ({{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ সরকার সীলমোহর}}) used by the [[Ministries of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_weblinks&task=ministry&Itemid=152 |title=বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh) জাতীয় তথ্য বাতায়ন | গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার | People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=www.bangladesh.gov.bd |access-date=2013-12-14 |archive-date=2018-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914174902/http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_weblinks&task=ministry&Itemid=152 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Government of Bangladesh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/state.html |title=The State |website=Virtual Bangladesh |access-date=2013-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324101441/http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/state.html |archive-date=2013-03-24 }}</ref> on official documents. One version is used on the cover page of [[Bangladesh passport]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dip.gov.bd/ |title=ইমিগ্রেশন ও পাসপোর্ট অধিদপ্তর|website=www.dip.gov.bd|access-date=2021-10-08 |archive-date=2019-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231213704/http://www.dip.gov.bd/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The seal features the same design elements as the first [[Flag of Bangladesh]] in a circular setting. The outer white ring is shown with the caption of the official name of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: {{lang|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার}} with 4 red 5-pointed stars. In centre the country map on a red disc.
|}

==Musical nationalism==
===National anthem===
{{main|Amar Sonar Bangla}}

'''''Amar Sonar Bangla''''' ({{lang|bn|আমার সোনার বাংলা}}, "To Love, To Sound, Bengal ") is song written and composed by the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]], the first ten lines of which were adopted in 1972 as the [[national anthem]] of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nationalanthems.me/bangladesh-amar-shonar-bangla | title=Bangladesh: Amar Sonar Bangla | publisher=NationalAnthems.me | access-date=2011-08-09 | archive-date=2021-04-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411044806/http://nationalanthems.me/bangladesh-amar-shonar-bangla/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
The song was written in 1905 during the period of {{lang|bn|বঙ্গভঙ্গ}} ''Bônggôbhônggô'' ([[Partition of Bengal (1905)]]) – when the ruling British empire had the province of [[Bengal]] split into two parts. This song, along with a host of others, was written by Tagore, a pioneer of the cultural and political movement against this partition. These songs were meant to rekindle the unified spirit of Bengal, to raise public consciousness against the communal political divide. The lyrics first appeared in the September issues of "[[Bongodorshon]]" and "Baul" simultaneously, in 1905. It is said that the music of this song was inspired by the [[Baul]] singer [[Gagan Harkara]]'s song {{lang|bn|আমি কোথায় পাবো তারে}} "''[[Ami Kothay Pabo Tare]]''".<ref>Folk singer, [http://www.swapanbasu.com/ Swapan Basu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105172754/http://swapanbasu.com/ |date=2014-01-05 }}, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnZvc73nQCk demonstrates] the similarity in a live recitation (0:43/8:46 to 1:21/8:46)</ref> The instrumental orchestra rendition was composed by [[Samar Das]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Komol |first=Khalid Hasan |year=2012 |chapter=Das, Samar |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Samar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205944/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Samar |url-status=live }}</ref> The English translation was done by [[Syed Ali Ahsan]].

===National march===
{{main|Notuner Gaan}}

'''Notuner Gaan''' ({{lang-bn|নতুনের গান}}, Natunēra gāna) is the national march ({{lang-bn|রণ-সঙ্গীত}}) of Bangladesh.<ref name="pmo">{{cite web | url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=813&Itemid=353 | title=India-Bangladesh Joint Celebration, 113th birth anniversary of Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam and 90th year of his poem 'Rebel' | publisher=Prime Minister's Office, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | access-date=2013-09-23 | archive-date=2018-12-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133725/https://pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=813&Itemid=353 | url-status=live }}</ref> This song is written by [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], the national [[poet]] of Bangladesh (also known as 'rebel poet'), in 1929. This song belongs to his famous book titled as ''The Evening'' (Sôndhya: {{lang|bn|সন্ধ্যা}}). [[Kazi Nazrul Islam|Nazrul]] is the musician of the song too. On 13 January 1972, the ministry of Bangladesh has adopted this song as a ''national marching song'' on its first meeting after the country's independence.<ref name="pmo" /> At any military ceremony or function, first 21 lines of the [[song]] is being played. It is also known as the national military song of Bangladesh.<ref name="thedailystar">{{cite web | url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38139 | title=The rebel poet | publisher=The Daily Star | access-date=2013-09-23 | archive-date=2013-09-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052014/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=38139 | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Honours song===
{{main|Ekusher Gaan}}

'''Ekusher Gaan''' ({{lang-bn|একুশের গান}} "The Song of Twentyfirst"), more popularly known (after its first line) as ''Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano'' ({{lang-bn|আমার ভাইয়ের রক্তে রাঙানো}} "My Brothers' Blood Spattered") is a Bengali song written by [[Abdul Gaffar Choudhury]] to mark the [[Bengali Language Movement]] in 1952 [[East Pakistan]]. It was first published anonymously in the last page of a newspaper with the headline ''Ekusher Gaan'', but was later published in ''Ekushey''{{'}}s February edition. The song is often recognized as the most influential song of the language movement, reminding numerous Bangladeshis about the conflicts of 1952. Every [[International Mother Language Day|21 February]] sees people from all parts of the Bangladesh heading to the [[Shaheed Minar, Dhaka|Shaheed Minar]] in the ''probhat feri'', a barefoot march to the monument, paying homage to those killed in the language movement demonstrations by singing this song. It is regarded by the listeners of [[BBC]] Bengali Service as the third best song in Bengali.

==Flora and fauna==
{|

|[[File:Nymphaea nouchali (9152266462).jpg|200px]]
| The water lily (''[[Nymphaea nouchali]]'') is the [[national flower]] of Bangladesh. ''Nymphaea nouchali'' is considered a medicinal plant in Indian [[Ayurvedic]] medicine under the name ''ambal''; it was mainly used to treat indigestion.<ref>P. V. Sharma, ''Puṣpāyurvedaḥ''
– Pradhāna vitaraka Caukhambhā Bhāratī Akādamī, 1998</ref> Recent experiments have confirmed that it has medicinal qualities as an [[antihepatotoxic]] and [[antidiabetic]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=MR Bhandarkar |author2=A Khan |title=Antihepatotoxic effect of ''Nymphaea stellata'' Willd., against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in albino rats|journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology|year=2004|volume=91|issue=1|pages=61–64|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.020|pmid=15036469}}</ref><ref>K Rajagopal, K Sasikala -''Antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Nymphaea Stellata flowers''- African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2008</ref> Like all waterlilies or lotuses, its [[tuber]]s and [[rhizome]]s can be used as food items; they are eaten usually boiled or roasted. In the case of ''N. nouchali'', its tender leaves and flower peduncles are also valued as food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/4115519|title=Waterlilies as Food on JSTOR|access-date=2017-09-05|archive-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008095159/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4115519|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|
| The [[jackfruit]] (''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'') is the [[national fruit]] of Bangladesh. It is native to parts of [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] and widely cultivated in tropical regions of Bangladesh. The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical [[lowland]]s, and its fruit is the largest tree-borne fruit,<ref name=kaetf>{{cite web |url=http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |title=Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives |publisher=Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit |year=2012 |access-date=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2013-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322015135/http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |url-status=live }}</ref> reaching as much as {{convert|80|lb}} in weight, {{convert|36|in|cm|-1}} in length, and {{convert|20|in|cm|-1}} in diameter.<ref name=crfg>{{cite web |url=http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jackfruit.html |title=JACKFRUIT Fruit Facts |publisher=California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. |year=1996 |access-date=2012-11-23 |archive-date=2014-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116030454/http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/jackfruit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Mangifera indica old.JPG|200px]]
| The [[mango]] (''[[Mangifera indica]]'') is the [[national tree]] of Bangladesh. The mango is [[Indigenous (ecology)|native]] to South Asia, from where it has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most cultivated [[fruit]]s in the [[tropics]]. Its fruit and leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at [[wedding]]s, public celebrations and religious ceremonies.<ref name="bdnews24.com">{{cite web |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree |title=Mango tree, national tree |date=15 November 2010 |access-date=2013-11-16 |archive-date=2013-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030611/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2010/11/15/mango-tree-national-tree |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Panthera tigris tigris.jpg|200px]]
| The [[Royal Bengal Tiger]] (''[[Panthera tigris tigris]]'') is the [[national animal]] of Bangladesh. Its populations have been estimated at 440 in Bangladesh.<ref name="Khan" /><ref>Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2004). ''Report on Sundarbans Tiger Census''. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Bangladesh.</ref> Tigers in Bangladesh are now relegated to the forests of the [[Sundarbans]] and the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref name="Khan">Khan, M. M. H. (2004). [http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/khan_2004_phd.pdf ''Ecology and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans Mangrove forest of Bangladesh''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026122726/http://www.carnivoreconservation.org/files/thesis/khan_2004_phd.pdf |date=2019-10-26 }}. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.</ref> The tiger replaces the lion as king of the beasts in cultures of eastern Asia representing royalty, fearlessness and wrath.<ref name = "Cooper92">{{cite book |last=Cooper |first=J. C. |title=Symbolic and Mythological Animals |pages=226–27 |year=1992 |publisher= Aquarian Press |location=London |isbn=1-85538-118-4}}</ref> Members of the [[East Bengal Regiment]] of the [[Bangladesh Army]] are nicknameed 'Bengal Tigers'; the regiment's logo is a tiger face and the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]'s logo features a royal Bengal tiger.
|-
| [[File:Ilish.JPG|200px]]
| The [[ilish]] ({{lang-bn|ইলিশ}}) or hilsha, also spelled '''elish''' (''[[Tenualosa ilisha]]''), is national fish of Bangladesh. As it is [[anadromous]] in nature (an uncommon phenomenon in [[tropical]] waters), the ilish lives in the sea for most of its life, but migrates up to 1,200 km inland through rivers in the [[Indian sub-continent]] for spawning. Distances of 50–100 km are usually normal in the Bangladeshi rivers. The ilish is a popular fish to eat among the people of South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/business/2016/jul/17/govt-likely-review-ban-hilsa-export|title=Govt likely to review ban on hilsa export {{!}} Dhaka Tribune|website=archive.dhakatribune.com|access-date=2016-08-03|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822232333/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/business/2016/jul/17/govt-likely-review-ban-hilsa-export|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/812091/india-bangladesh-relations-are-so-good-that-dhaka-might-even-lift-its-hilsa-export-ban|title=India-Bangladesh relations are so good that Dhaka might even lift its hilsa export ban|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|access-date=2016-08-03|archive-date=2016-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726174653/http://scroll.in/article/812091/india-bangladesh-relations-are-so-good-that-dhaka-might-even-lift-its-hilsa-export-ban|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Copsychus saularis - Ang Khang female.jpg|200px]]
| The magpie robin (''[[Copsychus saularis]]'') is the [[national bird]] of Bangladesh, where it is common and known as the ''doyel'' or ''doel'' ({{lang-bn|দোয়েল}}). They are common birds in urban gardens as well as forests. They are particularly well known for their songs and were once popular as cagebirds. It is a widely used symbol in Bangladesh, appearing on currency notes, and a landmark in the city of [[Dhaka]] is named as the ''Doyel Chatwar'' (meaning: Doyel Square).
|}

== National monuments and memorials ==

===Shaheed Minar===
{{main|Shaheed Minar, Dhaka}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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| [[File:Shaheed Minar.JPG|200px]]
| The '''Shaheed Minar''' ({{lang|bn|শহীদ মিনার}} ''Shôhid Minar'' lit. "Martyr Monument") is a national monument in [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh, established to commemorate those killed during the [[Bengali Language Movement]] demonstrations of 1952.
The enormous design includes half-circular columns to symbolize the mother, with her fallen sons, standing on the monument's central dais, and the red sun shining behind. The Central Shaheed Minar of Dhaka goes up to a height of {{convert|14|m|ft|0}} and was made with marble stones. The stairs and barrier are highlighted in white, to create a divine look. The fence on both sides is painted with lines from poems of legendary poets in iron letters. As the visitors enter the monument they will find two statues of the patriots who sacrificed their lives in that heinous police firing of 1952. The marble floor was designed to reveal the moving shadows of the columns. The basement of the Shaheed Minar also included a 1,500-square-foot (140 m2) mural representing the history of the Language Movement.<ref>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Rafiqul |date=2000 |title=Amar Ekushey O Shaheed Minar |location=Dhaka |publisher=Poroma |language=bn |pages=58 |isbn=984-8245-39-1}}</ref>

The Language Movement was one of the formidable movements which has come up in the country of Bangladesh, thus the Central Shaheed Minar epitomizes efforts to represent the spirit of [[Bengali nationalism]] and also highlight the importance of the Bengali language in the social and cultural progress of the country. As a result, the Shaheed Minar has a very significant place in the social and cultural mechanism of Bangladesh. At present, all national, mourning, cultural and other activities held each year, regarding 21 February, have been centered around the Shaheed Minar.
|}

===National Martyrs’ Memorial===
{{main|National Martyrs’ Memorial}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
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| [[File:Sritisoudho.jpg|200px]]
| The '''National Martyrs’ Memorial''' ({{lang|bn|জাতীয় স্মৃতিসৌধ}} ''Jatiyô Smrriti Soudhô'') is the national monument of Bangladesh is the symbol in the memory of the valour and the sacrifice of all those who gave their lives in the [[Bangladesh War of Independence]] in 1971, which brought independence and separated Bangladesh from [[Pakistan]]. The monument is located in [[Savar]], about 35 km north-west of the capital, [[Dhaka]].<ref name="bpedia">{{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Md Shahidul |last2=Islam |first2=M Zakiul |year=2012 |chapter=National Martyrs' Memorial |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=National_Martyrs%E2%80%99_Memorial |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2018-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921190926/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=National_Martyrs%E2%80%99_Memorial |url-status=live }}</ref> It was designed by [[Syed Mainul Hossain]].

The monument is composed of 7 isosceles triangular pyramid shaped structures, with the middle one being the tallest. The highest point of the monument is 150 feet. There is an artificial lake, and several mass graves in front of the main monument. There is a Green house, PWD site office, VVIP and VIP waiting room inside the area.
|}

===Martyred Intellectuals Memorial===
{{main|Martyred Intellectuals Memorial}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
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| [[File:Martyr's intellectual monument at Rayerbazar.jpg|200px]]
| The '''Martyred Intellectuals Memorial''' ({{lang|bn|বুদ্ধিজীবী স্মৃতিসৌধ}}) is a memorial built in memory of the [[martyred intellectual]]s of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. The memorial, located at Rayerbazar, [[Mohammadpur Thana]] in Dhaka,<ref name="mdpurthana">{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Shabbir |year=2012 |chapter=Mohammadpur Thana (Dhaka Metropolitan) |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_%28Dhaka_Metropolitan%29 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211058/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadpur_Thana_(Dhaka_Metropolitan) |url-status=live }}</ref> was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi.<ref name="Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi">{{cite book |last=Amin |first=Md. Shahidul |year=2012 |chapter=Badhya Bhumi Smriti Soudha |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2016-01-29 |archive-date=2016-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203085713/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Badhya_Bhumi_Smriti_Soudha |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm|title=Star Magazine|website=www.thedailystar.net|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-date=2018-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409173025/https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/02/coverstory.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="seven icon">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mediabangladesh.net/articles.details.php?recordID=10 |title=Seven Icons of History at Dhaka |access-date=2013-12-13 |archive-date=2013-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216174209/http://www.mediabangladesh.net/articles.details.php?recordID=10 |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the entire duration of Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a large number of teachers, doctors, engineers, poets and writers were systematically massacred by [[Pakistan Army]] and their local collaborators, most notably the alleged [[Islamism|Islamist]] militia groups [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]] and [[Al-Shams (Bangladesh)|Al-Shams]]. The largest number of assassinations took place on 14 December 1971, only two days before the surrender of Pakistan army to the joint force of [[Indian army]] and [[Mukti bahini]]. The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71 (organisation of the children of the martyrs of liberation war), who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.
|}

===Independence Monument===
{{main|Swadhinata Stambha}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
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!Image || Description
|-
| [[File:Swadhinata Stambha in 2014.jpg|200px]]
| '''Swadhinata Stambha''' ({{lang-bn|স্বাধীনতা স্তম্ভ}}) or Independence Monument is a [[national monument]] in Bangladesh to commemorate the historical events that took place in the [[Suhrawardy Udyan]], previously known as Ramna Race Course ground regarding the [[Liberation War of Bangladesh]].<ref name="dhaka1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dhaka.gov.bd/node/1187649|script-title=bn:সোহরাওয়ার্দী উদ্যান|publisher=Dhaka District|date=2014-07-18|access-date=2015-02-01|archive-date=2015-02-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150201124231/http://www.dhaka.gov.bd/node/1187649|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Government of Bangladesh]] took the initiative to build the monument in 1996. The construction began in 1999. [[Kashef Mahboob Chowdhury]] and Marina Tabassum designed the project.

Many significant incidents took place in this place. On 7 March 1971, Bangabandhu [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] delivered his [[7th March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|historical speech]] in this ground after [[Yahya Khan]] postponed the national assembly on 1 March of the year. In his speech Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman asked the people of Bangladesh to prepare themselves for Liberation War of Bangladesh. The main attraction of the project is a 50-meter high tower composed of stacked [[glass panels]], which stands at the place where the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender]] was signed at the end of the Bengali War of Independence.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |author=Syed Sadiqur Rahman |chapter=Ramna Racecourse |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramna_Racecourse |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second |access-date=2017-03-03 |archive-date=2016-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205011959/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramna_Racecourse |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Other national and official symbols==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Title || Symbol and notes
|-
|Official name|| {{lang|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ}} {{lang|bn-Latn|Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh}} People's Republic of Bangladesh
|-
| [[State religion]]|| The state religion is [[Islam]] (90% of the population are muslim majority),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bangladeshi Culture – Religion|url=http://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/bangladeshi-culture/bangladeshi-culture-religion|access-date=2021-10-06|website=Cultural Atlas|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155045/https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/bangladeshi-culture/bangladeshi-culture-religion|url-status=live}}</ref> but with the equal status and equal right in the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other religions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24549 |title=Constitution of Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Bangladesh |access-date=2013-11-11 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107223219/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24549%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Father of the nation]] || {{lang|bn|শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান (বঙ্গবন্ধু)}} [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Shekh Mujibur Rôhman]] (''BônggôBôndhu'', "''Friend of Bengal''")
|-
| [[List of national poets|National poet]] || {{lang|bn|কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম}} [[Kazi Nazrul Islam|Kazi Nôzrul Islam]]
|-
| [[National language]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলা}} [[Bengali language|Bangla]]
|-
| [[National personification]] || {{lang|bn|বঙ্গমাতা}} [[Bangamata]]
|-
| National calendar || {{lang|bn|বঙ্গাব্দ}} [[Bengali calendar|Bônggabdô]]
|-
| [[National sport|National game]] || {{lang|bn|কাবাডি}} [[Kabaddi|Kabadi]] (Ha-Du-Du)
|-
| [[National park]] || {{lang|bn|ভাওয়াল জাতীয় উদ্যান}} [[Bhawal National Park]]
|-
| [[National mosque]] || {{lang|bn|[[:bn:বায়তুল মুকাররম|বায়তুল মুকাররম]]}} [[Baitul Mukarram|Baitul Mukarrôm]]
|-
|National temple || {{lang|bn|ঢাকেশ্বরী জাতীয় মন্দির}} [[Dhakeshwari Temple|Dhakeshôri Temple]]
|-
| Mountain || {{lang|bn|কিওক্রাডাং}} [[Keokradong]]
|-
| River || {{lang|bn|পদ্মা}} [[Padma]]
|-
|[[National museum]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় যাদুঘর}} [[National Museum of Bangladesh]]
|-
|[[National library]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার}} [[National Library of Bangladesh]]
|-
|[[slogan|National slogan]]
|জয় বাংলা
[[Joy Bangla]] (Hail Bengal)
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{Symbols of Bangladesh}}
{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Symbols Of Bangladesh}}
[[Category:National symbols of Bangladesh| ]]
[[Category:Lists of national symbols|Bengal]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)| ]]

National symbols of Pakistan

2022-08-24T12:26:56Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: /* External links */

{{long description|Overview of the national symbols of Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Disputed|date=April 2022|reason=fgfg}}
[[Pakistan]] has several official '''national symbols''' including a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The symbols were adopted at various stages in the existence of Pakistan and there are various rules and regulations governing their definition or use. The oldest symbol is the [[Lahore Resolution]], adopted by the [[All-India Muslim League|All India Muslim League]] on 23 March 1940, and which presented the official demand for the creation of a separate country for the Muslims of [[British Raj|India]]. The Minar-e-Pakistan memorial tower which was built in 1968 on the site where the Lahore Resolution was passed. The national flag was adopted just before independence was achieved on 14 August 1947. The national anthem and the state emblem were each adopted in 1954. There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree.

== Minar-e-Pakistan ==
[[File:All India Muslim League Working Committee Lahore 1940.jpg|thumb|The Muslim League Working Committee in Lahore, 1940]]
{{Main|Lahore Resolution|Minar-e-Pakistan}}
The Lahore Resolution (''Qarardad-e-Lahore'') ({{lang-ur|{{nastaliq|قرارداد لاھور}}}}), also known as the Pakistan Resolution,<ref name="robinson">{{Cite journal
| last = Robinson
| first = Francis
| title = The Muslims and Partition
| journal = History Today
| volume = 47
| issue = 9
| pages = 40–46
| publisher = History Today Ltd
| location = London
| date = September 1997
| url = http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=10381&amid=10381
| access-date = 29 November 2007
}}</ref> was a formal political statement adopted by the [[All India Muslim League]] at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22–24 March 1940 at Minto Park (now [[Iqbal Park]]), Lahore. The resolution called for greater Muslim autonomy in British India and has been largely interpreted as a demand for a separate Muslim state.<ref name="jaffrelot">{{cite book
| last = Jaffrelot
| first = Christophe
| title = A History of Pakistan and its Origins
| publisher = Anthem Press
| year = 2004
| location = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sI_Y2CKAcC&q=A+history+of+Pakistan+and+its+origins&pg=PP1
| isbn = 1-84331-149-6
| page = 16
}}</ref> The idea of separate state for Indian Muslims was first suggested by [[Muhammad Iqbal]] in 1930<ref name="critique">{{cite book
| last = Mir
| first = Mustansir
| title = Iqbal
| publisher = I. B. Tauris
| year = 2006
| location = London; New York
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=svYphqj8h7UC&q=Iqbal
| isbn = 1-84511-094-3
| page = 138
}}</ref> and the name of Pakistan was proposed by [[Choudhary Rahmat Ali]] in his [[Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?|Pakistan Declaration]] pamphlet in 1933.<ref name="rahmatali">{{cite journal
| last = Brown
| first = W. Norman
| title = India's Pakistan Issue
| journal = Proceedings
| volume = 91
| issue = 2
| page = 161
| publisher = American Philosophical Society
| date = 19 October 1946
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fpWH6doabbYC&q=Proceedings,+American+Philosophical+Society+(vol.+91,+no.+2)
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| isbn = 978-1-4223-8093-2
}}</ref> Initially, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders were in favour of [[Hindu-Muslim unity]], but the volatile political climate and religious hostilities of the 1930s made the idea more appealing.<ref name="talbot">{{cite book
| last = Talbot
| first = Ian
| title = Pakistan: A Modern History
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1999
| location = New Delhi; New York
| isbn = 0-19-565073-5
}}</ref><ref name="blood">{{cite book
| last = Blood
| first = Peter R.
| title = Pakistan: A Country Study
| publisher = Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
| year = 1995
| location = Washington, D.C.
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo/page/28 28]–29
| url = https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo
| url-access = registration
| quote = Pakistan: A Country Study.
| isbn = 0-8444-0834-4
}}</ref>
In his speech, Jinnah criticised the [[Indian National Congress]] and the nationalist Muslims, and espoused the [[Two-Nation Theory]] and the reasons for the demand for separate Muslim homelands.<ref name="wolpert">{{cite book
| last = Wolpert
| first = Stanley A.
| author-link = Stanley Wolpert
| title = Jinnah of Pakistan
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1984
| location = New York
| isbn = 0-19-503412-0
}}</ref> Sir [[Sikandar Hayat Khan (Punjabi politician)|Sikandar Hayat Khan]], the Chief Minister of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], drafted the original resolution, but that was not fully acceptable to all the Working Committee,<ref name="tinker">{{cite book
| last = Tinker
| first = Hugh
| title = Men Who Overturned Empires: Fighters, Dreamers, and Schemers
| publisher = University of Wisconsin Press
| year = 1987
| location = Madison
| isbn = 0-299-11460-0
| page = 50
}}</ref> so extensive redrafting followed, by the Subject Committee of the Muslim League. The text is ambiguous in accepting the concept of various Muslim 'zones' within a "United India" due to communal concerns<ref name="malik">{{cite book
| last = Malik
| first = Muhammad Aslam
| title = The Making of the Pakistan Resolution
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 2001
| location = Karachi
| isbn = 0-19-579538-5
}}</ref> and it does not clearly recommend the creation of a separate, fully independent Muslim state.<ref name="ahmed">{{cite book
| last = Ahmed
| first = Syed Iftikhar
| title = Essays on Pakistan
| publisher = Alpha Bravo Publishers
| year = 1983
| location = Lahore
}}</ref> The resolution was moved in the general session by [[A.K. Fazlul Huq]], Chief Minister of [[Bengal]] and was supported seconded by several leaders. The principle text of the Lahore Resolution was passed on 24 March 1940. In 1941 it became part of the Muslim League's constitution. By 1946, it formed the basis for the struggle of the Muslim League for a separate Muslim state.<ref name="struggle">{{cite book
| last = Qureshi
| first = Ishtiaq Husain
| title = The Struggle for Pakistan
| url = https://archive.org/details/struggleforpakis0000qure
| url-access = registration
| publisher = University of Karachi
| year = 1965
| location = Karachi
}}</ref> The statement declared:

{{quotation|No constitutional plan would be workable or acceptable to the Muslims unless geographical contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary. That the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign … That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights of the minorities, with their consultation. Arrangements thus should be made for the security of Muslims where they were in a minority.<ref name="ashop">{{cite book
| last = Qureshi
| first = Ishtiaq Husain
| title = A Short History of Pakistan
| publisher = University of Karachi
| year = 1967
| location = Karachi
}}</ref>}}
[[File:Minar-e-Pakistan by ZILL NIAZI 2.jpg|thumb|220x220px|The Minar-e-Pakistan]]
The Minar-e-Pakistan (Urdu: {{Nastaliq|مينارِ پاكستان}}; ''Mīnār-ĕ Pākistān'') or ''Tower of Pakistan'' is a 60 metre tall concrete minaret in Iqbal Park in Lahore.<ref name="archnet">{{cite web
| url = http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=364
| title = Minar-e Pakistan
| publisher = ArchNet, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311052425/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=364
| archive-date = 11 March 2007
}}</ref> The Minar was built on the site where the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding the creation of Pakistan. Pakistan now celebrates this day as a national holiday each year under the name of [[Republic Day#March|Pakistan Day]] which is also the day in 1956 when the country became the first [[Islamic Republic]] in the world.<ref name="republic">{{cite book
| last = Blood
| first = Peter R.
| title = Pakistan: A Country Study
| publisher = Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
| year = 1995
| location = Washington, D.C.
| url = https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo
| url-access = registration
| quote = Pakistan: A Country Study.
| isbn = 0-8444-0834-4
| page = [https://archive.org/details/pakistancountrys00bloo/page/41 41]
}}</ref> It was designed by [[List of Pakistani architects|Muhammad Wali Ullah Khan]] and built by Mian Abdul Khaliq Company. The base of the tower is raised about 4 metres from the ground. The next 13 metres form a sculpted, flower-like base and from this point, the Minar tapers as it rises. The base platform is shaped like a five-pointed star and it encloses crescent-shaped pools. It is constructed of reinforced concrete, with the floors and walls rendered in stone and marble.<ref name="archnet" />

== National flag ==
[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|thumb|The National Flag]]
{{Main|Flag of Pakistan}}
The national flag was designed by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of Pakistan,<ref name="flagsig1">{{cite web
| url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Flag.aspx
| title = Pakistan flag
| publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090305050001/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Flag.aspx
| archive-date = 5 March 2009
}}</ref> and was based on the original flag of the Muslim League. It was adopted by the [[Constituent Assembly]]<ref name="flag resolution">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/flagspec.html
| title = Pakistan Flag specification: Resolution Passed by Constituent Assembly
| publisher = Pakistani.org
| access-date = 29 November 2007
}}</ref> on 11 August 1947, just days before independence.<ref name="flagdate1">{{cite web
| url = http://www.na.gov.pk/history.htm
| title = Parliamentary History
| publisher = National Assembly of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071024010023/http://www.na.gov.pk/history.htm
| archive-date = 24 October 2007
}}</ref><ref name="flagdate2">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/parliamentary-division/media/parhistory.pdf
| title = Parliamentary History of Pakistan
| publisher = Parliamentary Division, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216122336/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/parliamentary-division/media/parhistory.pdf
| archive-date = 16 February 2008
}}</ref><ref name="flagdate3">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pas.gov.pk/third-las.htm
| title = Legislative Assembly of Sind under the Pakistan (Provincial Constitution) Order, 1947
| publisher = Provincial Assembly of Sindh
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071215110742/http://www.pas.gov.pk/third-las.htm
| archive-date = 15 December 2007
}}</ref> The flag is referred to in the national anthem as ''Parcham-e-Sitāra-o-Hilāl'' in Urdu (''lit.'' Flag of the Crescent and Star). The flag comprises a dark green field, representing the [[Islam|Muslim]] majority of Pakistan, with a vertical white stripe in the hoist, representing religious [[Status of minorities in Pakistan|minorities]].<ref name="flagsig1" /> In the centre is a white crescent moon, representing progress, and a white five-pointed star, representing light and knowledge.<ref name="flagsig1" /> The flag symbolizes Pakistan's commitment to Islam, the Islamic world and the rights of religious minorities.<ref name="basicfacts">{{cite web
| url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/BasicFacts.aspx
| title = Basic Facts
| publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
}}</ref> The flag is flown on several important days of the year including Republic Day and Independence Day.<ref name="flagflying">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=23&cPath=221_227&ContentID=758
| title = Pakistan Flag
| publisher = Ministry of the Interior, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114124633/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/divisions/ContentInfo.jsp?DivID=23&cPath=221_227&ContentID=758
| archive-date = 14 November 2007
}}</ref> The flag is also flown on the residences and motor vehicles of many public officials including the [[President of Pakistan|President]] and the Prime Minister.

== National anthem ==
{{Main|Qaumi Tarana}}
The national anthem of Pakistan or ''Qaumī Tarāna'' (Urdu: {{nastaliq|قومى ترانہ}}), is played during any event involving the hoisting of the flag, for example Resolutions Day (23 March) and Independence Day (14 August). The Constituent Assembly had not adopted a national anthem by the time Pakistan became independent, so when the flag was hoisted at the independence ceremony it was accompanied by the song, "''Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad''". Muhammad Ali Jinnah asked a Lahore-based Hindu writer, [[Jagan Nath Azad]], to write a national anthem for Pakistan.<ref name="first_anthem">{{cite web
| url = http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_19-6-2005_pg7_31
| title = Jagan Nath Azad wrote Pakistan's first anthem
| publisher = Daily Times of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
}}</ref> Jinnah may have done this to promote a more secular idealism for Pakistan.<ref name="peninsula">{{cite web
| url = http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Pakistan+%26+Sub-Continent&month=June2005&file=World_News2005062121615.xml
| title = A Hindu wrote Pakistan's first national anthem
| publisher = The Peninsula
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070513184633/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Pakistan+%26+Sub-Continent&month=June2005&file=World_News2005062121615.xml
| archive-date = 13 May 2007
}}</ref> The anthem written by Azad was quickly approved by Jinnah, and it was played on [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation|Radio Pakistan]].<ref name="dawn">{{cite web
| url = http://www.dawn.com/2004/06/27/fea.htm#4
| title = A word about Jagan Nath Azad
| author = Ashfaque Naqvi
| work = Dawn
| location = Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
}}</ref> Azad's work remained as Pakistan's national anthem for about eighteen months.

A National Anthem Committee was formed in 1948, but it had difficulty finding suitable music and lyrics. The impending state visit of the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah of Iran]] in 1950, resulted in the hasty adoption of a three stanza composition by [[Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla]]. Initially it was performed without lyrics for the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] on 10 August 1950<ref name="antheminfo">{{cite web
| url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Anthem.aspx
| title = National Anthem
| publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130715083249/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Anthem.aspx
| archive-date = 15 July 2013
}}</ref> and was approved for playing during the visit of the Shah. However, the anthem was not officially adopted until August 1954.<ref name="antheminfo" /> The National Anthem Committee eventually approved lyrics written by Abu-Al-Asar [[Hafeez Jullandhuri]] and the new national anthem was first played properly on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954.<ref name="played">{{cite web
| url = http://mazhar.dk/pakistan/facts.htm#anthem
| title = National Anthem of Pakistan
| author = Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk
| access-date = 12 April 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060218235631/http://mazhar.dk/pakistan/facts.htm#anthem
| archive-date = 18 February 2006
}}</ref> Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 16 August 1954 followed by a performance of the national anthem in 1955 involving eleven major singers of Pakistan including [[Ahmad Rushdi]].<ref name="singers">{{cite web
| url = http://mazhar.dk/film/singers/ahmadrushdi/
| title = Ahmad Rushdi
| author = Mazhar Iqbal, Mazhar.dk
| access-date = 12 April 2006
}}</ref>

== State emblem ==
[[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|thumb|The State Emblem]]
{{Main|State emblem of Pakistan}}
The State Emblem was adopted in 1954 and symbolizes Pakistan's ideological foundation, the basis of its economy, its cultural heritage and its guiding principles.<ref name="emblem1">{{cite web
| url = http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx
| title = The State Emblem
| publisher = Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan
| access-date = 29 November 2007
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070701023430/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/Eemblem.aspx
| archive-date = 1 July 2007
}}</ref> The four components of the emblem are a crescent and star crest above a shield, which is surrounded by a wreath, below which is a scroll.<ref name="emblem1" /> The crest and the green colour of the emblem are traditional symbols of Islam. The quartered shield in the centre shows cotton, wheat, tea and jute, which were the major crops of Pakistan at independence and signify the agricultural base of the economy.<ref name="emblem1" /> The floral wreath, surrounding the shield, represents the floral designs used in traditional [[Mughal painting|Mughal]] art and emphasizes the cultural heritage of Pakistan.<ref name="emblem1" />

== Motto ==
{{Main|Iman Ittihad Nazm}}
The scroll supporting the shield contains Muhammad Ali Jinnah's motto in Urdu, which reads from right to left: ({{nastaliq|<big>ایمان ، اتحاد ، نظم و ضبط </big>}}) "Iman, Ittehad, Nazm o Zabt" translated as "Faith, Unity, Discipline" and are intended as the guiding principles for Pakistan.<ref name="basicfacts" />

== List of other national symbols ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Title
!Symbol
!Image
!Notes
|-
|[[Father of the Nation]]
(''Quaid-e-Azam'')
|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]<ref name="basicfacts" /><ref name="quaid">{{cite web|title=The Legend|url=http://www.quaid.gov.pk/legend.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914181853/http://www.quaid.gov.pk/legend.htm |archive-date=2007-09-14|access-date=2007-11-29|publisher=[[Government of Pakistan]]}}</ref>
|[[File:Jinnah1945c.jpg|frameless|294x294px]]
|'''Muhammad Ali Jinnah''' (born '''Mahomedali Jinnahbhai'''; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician and the founder of [[Pakistan]]. Jinnah served as the leader of the [[All-India Muslim League]] from 1913 until the inception of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and then as the [[Dominion of Pakistan]]'s first [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]] until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as the ''Quaid-i-Azam'' ("Great Leader") and ''Baba-i-Qaum'' ("[[Father of the Nation]]").

As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muslim migrants]] who had emigrated from neighbouring [[Dominion of India|India]] to Pakistan after the [[Partition of India|two states' independence]]
|-
|[[Mother of the Nation]]
(''Madar-i-Millat'')
|[[Fatima Jinnah|Fatimah Jinnah]]<ref name="madar">{{cite web|title=Celebration: A tribute to Madar-i-Millat|url=http://www.fatimajinnah.gov.pk/celebration.htm|access-date=2007-11-29|publisher=Government of Pakistan}}</ref>
|[[File:Fatima_jinnah1.jpg|center|frameless|298x298px]]
|'''Fatima Jinnah''' widely known as Māder-e Millat ("Mother of the Nation"), was a Pakistani politician, dental surgeon, stateswoman, and one of the leading [[List of Pakistan Movement activists|founders]] of Pakistan. She was the younger sister of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder and the first [[Governor General of Pakistan]]. then-[[President of Pakistan]].

Her legacy is associated with her support for [[civil rights]], her struggle in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and her devotion to her brother. Referred to as '''''Māder-e Millat''''' ("[[Mother of the Nation]]") and '''''Khātūn-e Pākistān''''' ("Lady of Pakistan"), many [[Fatima Jinnah (disambiguation)|institutions and public spaces]] in Pakistan have been named in her honour.
|-
|[[National poet]]
|[[Muhammad Iqbal]]<ref name="basicfacts" />
|[[File:Iqbal 2.jpg|frameless|298x298px]]
|Sir '''Muhammad Iqbal''' was a [[South Asia]]n [[Muslim]] [[writer]], [[philosopher]], and [[politician]], whose poetry in the [[Urdu language]] is among the greatest of the twentieth century. Iqbal is widely commemorated in Pakistan, where he is regarded as the ideological founder of the state. His birthday is annually commemorated in Pakistan as [[Iqbal Day]], and until 2018 it was also a public holiday.
|-
|[[State religion]]
|[[Islam in Pakistan|Islam]]<ref name="officialsymbols">{{citation|last=|first=|title=National Symbols of Pakistan|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols.html|volume=|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128073024/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols.html|publisher=Official Gateway to the Government of Pakistan|access-date=28 July 2016|archive-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>
|[[File:Pakistan Star&Crescent.svg|frameless]]
|'''Islam in Pakistan''' existed in communities along the Arab coastal trade routes in [[Sindh]] as soon as the religion originated and had gained early acceptance in the Arabian Peninsula. The connection between the Sind and [[Islam]] was established by the initial Muslim missions during the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]. The mosque is an important religious as well as social institution in Pakistan. Many rituals and ceremonies are celebrated according to [[Islamic calendar]].
[[Pakistan]] was created as a separate state for Indian Muslims in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1947, and followed the parliamentary form of democracy. In 1949, the first [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]] passed the [[Objectives Resolution]] which envisaged an official role for Islam as the state religion to make sure any future law should not violate its basic teachings. In 1956, the elected parliament formally adopted the name Islamic Republic of Pakistan, declaring Islam as the official religion.
|-
|[[National language]]
(''[[lingua franca]]'')
|[[Urdu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 4: "General." of Part XII: "Miscellaneous"|url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch4.html|access-date=20 March 2020|website=The Constitution of Pakistan}}</ref>
|[[File:Urdu example.svg|frameless]]
|'''Urdu''' is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] spoken chiefly in [[South Asia]]. It is the official [[Languages of Pakistan#National language: Urdu|national language]] and ''[[lingua franca]]'' of [[Pakistan]]. Urdu is the sole national, and one of the two official languages of Pakistan (along with [[English language|English]]). It is spoken and understood throughout the country. Its official status has meant that Urdu is understood and spoken widely throughout Pakistan as a second or third language. It is used in [[Education in Pakistan|education]], [[Pakistani literature|literature]], office and court business.
|-
|[[National flower]]
|[[White jasmine|Common jasmine]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Pakistan-Jasmin.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine was named the national flower of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Flower of Pakistan, JASMINE {{!}} .|url=http://pakculturalsociety.org.uk/node/50|access-date=2021-06-19|website=pakculturalsociety.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
|[[National tree]]
|[[Cedrus deodara|Himalayan cedar]] (''Deodar'')<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Kalam Valley (2).JPG|frameless|224x224px]]
|Cedrus deodara is a species of cedar native to the [[western Himalaya]]n and the [[Hindu Kush]] ranges in northern Pakistan (especially in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]). It is considered to be the national tree of Pakistan.
|-
|[[National fruit]]
|[[Mango]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />

|[[File:Chaunsa.JPG|225x225px]]
|Mango is highly cultivated in Pakistan (especially in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and [[Sindh]] provinces). Some of the most popular cities for their production include: [[Multan]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Muzaffargarh]], [[Khanewal]], [[Sahiwal]], [[Sadiqabad, Punjab|Sadiqabad]], [[Vehari]], and [[Rahim Yar Khan]]. [[Mirpur Khas]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] and [[Thatta]]. [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Peshawar]] and [[Mardan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here's Why Mangoes Grown in Pakistan Are Popular Across The World|url=https://www.zameen.com/blog/mangoes-in-pakistan.html|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Zameen.com]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|National vegetable
|[[Okra|Lady Finger]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2016-12-08|title=National Symbols of Pakistan|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols_two.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208205415/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/national_symbols_two.html|archive-date=8 December 2016|access-date=28 July 2016|website=The Official Web Gateway to Pakistan}}</ref>
|[[File:Lady finger.JPG|frameless|225x225px]]
|
|-
|[[National animal]]
|[[Markhor]]<ref>{{cite news|date=12 November 2018|title=Pakistan's national animal faces extinction|work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] (newspaper)|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/321015/pakistans-national-animal-markhor-faces-extinction/|access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>
|[[File:Capra falconeri 1 - Syracuse Zoo.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|The Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan. The Markhor is the largest of the goat family and is commonly found in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The name Markhor translates to “snake eater” in [[Persian language|Persian]], for the Markhor holds great skill at killing snakes in the wild to protect its harem. Despite their large size, Markhors are extremely skilled climbers. Conservation efforts from wildlife NGOs like Save Our Species and WCS Pakistan were then put into action. Thanks to these initiatives, the majestic mammal gradually began to rebound.
|-
|[[National mammal|National aquatic marine mammal]]
|[[Indus river dolphin]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Schnabeldelphin-drawing.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|
|-
|[[List of national animals|National predator]]
|[[Snow leopard]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Snow Leopard In Naltar Gilgit.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|
|-
|[[List of national birds|National bird]]
|[[Chukar partridge]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Chukarhuhn Weltvogelpark Walsrode 2010.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|The national bird of Pakistan is Chukar partridge. They are commonly known as Chakor and it is a [[Eurasia]]n upland game bird in the pheasant family [[Phasianidae]]. The chukar sometimes symbolizes intense, and often unrequited, love. It is said to be in love with the moon and to gaze at it constantly. Because of their pugnacious behaviour during the breeding season they are kept in some areas as fighting birds. In short, Chukar partridge have a huge reason to be the National bird symbol of Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ago|first=Bapinin #travel • 4 Years|date=2017-10-28|title=Some facts about National Bird of Pakistan?|url=https://steemit.com/travel/@bapin/some-facts-about-national-bird-of-pakistan|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Steemit]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[State bird]]
|[[Shaheen falcon]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:Peregrine Falcon (33915225262).jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|The Peregrine falcon is actually a symbolic icon of the [[Pakistan Air Force|Pakistani Air Force]] and is considered by many to be the state bird.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WORLD OF BIRDS|url=http://www.pmnh.gov.pk/htm/bird.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Pakistan Museum of Natural History]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[List of fish in Pakistan|National fish]]
|[[Mahseer]] ''([[Tor putitora|Himalayan golden mahseer]])''<ref>{{Cite web|title=SUCCESSFUL BREEDING OF MAHSEER|url=https://fisheries.kp.gov.pk/page/successful_breeding_of_mahseer#:~:text=Mahseer%20fish%20are%20found%20in,the%20national%20fish%20of%20Pakistan.|url-status=live|access-date=16 October 2021|website=Directorate of Fisheries ([[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Department of Agriculture]])}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Pull of the Himalayan Golden Mahseer|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2021/05/14/the-pull-of-the-himalayan-golden-mahseer|access-date=28 April 2022|work=[[The Friday Times]] (newspaper)|date=14 May 2021|quote=...close at hand, and about a decade ago, it was named the national fish of Pakistan...}}</ref>
|[[File:Tor tambroid 160811-61602 ffi.JPG|frameless|224x224px]]
|
|-
|[[List of national animals|National reptile]]
|[[Indus Crocodile]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:PK Kirthar NP asv2020-02 img25.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|
|-
|[[National sport]]
|[[Field hockey]]<ref name="tourism">{{cite web|title=National Symbols|url=http://www.pakistantourism.gov.pk/home.aspx?Sch=47|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629014423/http://www.pakistantourism.gov.pk/home.aspx?Sch=47|archive-date=29 June 2007|access-date=2007-11-29|publisher=Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan}}</ref>
|[[File:HOCKEY ARGENTINA PAKISTAN.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|Field [[Ayub Khan (general)|Martial Ayub Khan's]] arrival in 1958 proved to be not only one of the most significant determining factors behind declaring '''hockey''' as this new '''nation's national sport''' but also brought in a new wave of enthusiasm for the '''sport''' as he emphasized on it more than football or cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|title=» What is the National Sport of Pakistan?|url=https://atlascorps.org/what-is-the-national-sport-of-pakistan/#:~:text=Field%20Martial%20Ayub%20Khan%27s%20arrival,more%20than%20football%20or%20cricket.|access-date=2021-06-19|website=atlascorps.org}}</ref>
|-
|[[National mosque]]
|[[Faisal Mosque]]<ref name="mosque1">{{cite web|author=Len McGrane|date=January–February 1992|title=A Mosque in Islamabad|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199201/a.mosque.in.islamabad.htm|access-date=2007-11-29|work=Saudi Aramco World magazine|publisher=Aramco Services Company}}</ref><ref name="mosque2">{{cite journal|author=Neelam Naz|date=September 13, 2005|title=Contribution of Turkish architects to the national architecture of Pakistan: Vedat Dalokay|url=http://jfa.arch.metu.edu.tr/archive/0258-5316/2005/cilt22/sayi_2/51-77.pdf|journal=Journal of the Faculty of Architecture|location=Ankara, Turkey|publisher=Middle East Technical University|volume=22|issue=2|pages=56–64|access-date=2007-11-29}}</ref>
|[[File:Faisal Mosque islamabad 07.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|The Faisal Mosque was conceived as the National Mosque of Pakistan and named after the late [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz]] of [[Saudi Arabia]], who supported and financed the project. It was completed in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faisal Mosque, Islamabad|url=https://www.pakistanembassytokyo.com/content/faisal-mosque-islamabad#:~:text=The%20Faisal%20Mosque%20was%20conceived,supported%20and%20financed%20the%20project.|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[List of diplomatic missions in Pakistan#Embassies/High Commissions|Embassy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan Tokyo (Japan)]]}}</ref> The largest mosque in Pakistan, the Faisal Mosque was the largest mosque in the world from 1986 until 1993.
|-
|[[National monument|National tower]]
|[[Minar-e-Pakistan]] (''[[Minaret]] of Pakistan'')<ref name="nationalsymbol">{{cite web|title=National Symbols of Pakistan|url=http://www.nationalheritage.gov.pk/nationalsymbols.html|access-date=2013-08-23|publisher=Government of Pakistan|archive-date=27 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827084404/http://nationalheritage.gov.pk/nationalsymbols.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[File:Minar-e-Pakistan-lhr.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|This tower marks [[Lahore Resolution|Pakistan’s resolution]] (Lahore Resolution) that marked the first step in the history of creation of Pakistan. Its construction began in 1960, and finished in 8 years to be completed in October 1968. This national monument draws its three steps symptomatic of the three stages of the challenges and successes in the independence of Pakistan. The floral inscriptions at the base of this Minar shows the text of the Pakistan Resolution that solidified Iqbal’s dreams and Jinnah’s struggle.
|-
|[[National monument]]
|[[Pakistan Monument]]<ref name="nm1">{{cite web|date=March 22, 2007|title=President Musharraf will inaugurate National Monument on 23rd|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/ContentInfo.jsp?MinID=29&cPath=499_586&ContentID=3176|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116204043/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ministries/ContentInfo.jsp?MinID=29&cPath=499_586&ContentID=3176|archive-date=November 16, 2007|access-date=2007-11-29|publisher=Government of Pakistan}}</ref><ref name="nm2">{{cite news|author=Imran Naeem Ahmad|date=March 30, 2007|title=National Monument — a symbol of unity|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007/03/30/story_30-3-2007_pg11_2|access-date=2007-11-29|publisher=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref>
|[[File:Pakistan monuments.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|This national monument, consisting of four large petals and three small petals, is symbolic of the four provinces ([[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Sindh]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber Pakhtunkwa]], [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]) and [[Azad Kashmir|AJK]], [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], and [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|FATA]]. The blossoming flower as a whole is also a bode and prayer to a progressing Pakistan. The inner walls of these granite petals are decorated with murals, that are primarily based on Islamic art. This monument is a symbol and reminder of the history and heritage of Pakistan, the sacrifices that went into its creation, and the culture that makes it Pakistan.<ref name="national monument">{{Cite news|title=A brief history of the national monuments of Pakistan|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/206941-a-brief-history-of-the-national-monuments-of-pakistan|access-date=2021-06-19|date=2018-08-13|work=[[Geo News]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[National day]]s
|[[Pakistan Day]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nation celebrates Pakistan Day with simplicity amid coronavirus threat|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/537870-Nation-celebrates-Pakistan-Day-with-simplicity-amid-coronavirus-threat|date=2020-03-23|access-date=2020-12-30|work=[[Dunya News]]}}</ref> [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|Independence Day]]<ref name="struggle" />
|[[File:ZTBL Headquarters illuminated for Pakistan Independence day.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|'''Pakistan Day''' or '''Pakistan Resolution Day''', also '''Republic Day''', is a [[Public holidays in Pakistan|national holiday]] in [[Pakistan]] commemorating the [[Lahore Resolution]] passed on 23 March 1940 and the adoption of the first [[constitution of Pakistan]].
'''Independence Day''' is observed annually on 14 August, is a [[National days in Pakistan|national holiday]] in [[Pakistan]]. It commemorates the day when Pakistan achieved independence and was declared a [[sovereign]] state following the end of the [[British Raj]] in 1947.
|-
|[[National dress|National clothing]]
|[[Shalwar kameez]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-31|title=Other occasions when Pakistanis wore their national dress abroad and no one died|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1182904|access-date=2020-07-11|work=[[Dawn Media Group#Structure|Images]] by [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en}}</ref>
|[[File:Schoolgirls in Shalwar Kameez, Abbotabad Pakistan - UK International Development.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|Shalwar kameez is the national clothing of Pakistan worm by both men and women. The clothing is worn in all provinces of Pakistan. Every province may have its own special intricate pattern or design that may be available as well.
|-
|[[List of mountains in Pakistan|National mountain]]
|[[K2]]<ref name="officialsymbols" />
|[[File:K2, Mount Godwin Austen, Chogori, Savage Mountain.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|K2 Also known as Mount Godwin-Austen or Chhogori Consider As The '''National Mountain of Pakistan'''. It is the Second Highest '''Mountain''' in the World and the highest in Pakistan. It's located on the Pak-China border in the Pakistani administrated region of [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit Baltistan]].
|-
|[[National Mausoleum|National mausoleum]]
|[[Mazar-e-Quaid]]<ref name="national monument"/>
|[[File:Mazar Quaid-e-Azam.jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|Mazar-e-Quaid, also known as Jinnah '''Mausoleum''' or the '''National Mausoleum''', is the final resting place of Quaid-e-Azam ("Great Leader") Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of '''Pakistan'''.
|-
|[[Flag carrier|National airline]]
|[[Pakistan International Airlines|PIA]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=2020-06-27|title=Pakistan's national airline reassures over 'dubious' pilot licences|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/27/pakistan-international-airlines-national-airline-reassures-pilot-licences|access-date=2020-12-30|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|[[File:PIA Pakistan International Airlines Airbus A310-308 AP-BEG Lined Up for take off (8141606672).jpg|frameless|225x225px]]
|PIA is the national airline of Pakistan operating in all provinces of Pakistan along with Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Kashmir.
|-
|[[List of national drinks|National drink]]
|[[Sugarcane juice]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-01-25|title=Govt declares sugarcane juice as 'national drink' of Pakistan|url=https://nation.com.pk/25-Jan-2019/government-declares-sugarcane-juice-as-national-drink-of-pakistan|access-date=2020-12-30|work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]]|language=en}}</ref>
|[[File:Glass of sugarcane juice.jpg|frameless|298x298px]]
|
|-
|[[National instrument (music)|National instrument]]
|[[Daf]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Shaheen |date=August 31, 2021 |title=THE MAGICAL INSTRUMENT |work=The Victor Magazine |url=https://www.victormagazine.net/the-magical-instrument/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mirza |first=Afshan |year=2021 |title=National Musical Instrument of Pakistan and Provincial instruments |url=https://popularinpakistan.com/national-musical-instrument-of-pakistan/#more-92 |website=Popular in Pakistan|quote=Daf is commonly known as the national instrument of Pakistan.}}</ref>
|[[File:Pair of dafs.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|Daf is commonly known as the national instrument of Pakistan.
|-
|[[National currency]]
|[[Pakistani rupee|Pakistani Rupee]] ''(PKR)'' <ref name=":0" />
|[[File:Pakistani Rupee.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|The '''Pakistani rupee''' has been the official [[currency]] of Pakistan since 1948. The coins and notes are issued and controlled by the [[central bank]], namely [[State Bank of Pakistan]].
|-
|[[List of rivers of Pakistan|National river]]
|[[Indus River]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[File:Indus River in Pakistan (28).jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|Indus River is the national river of Pakistan. Indus River is the largest river in Pakistan. The river has two principle tributaries in Pakistan, the [[Kabul river]], and the [[Panjnad River|Panjnad river]]—which in turn is formed by successive confluences of the five [[Punjab]] rivers, of which four: [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]], [[Chenab River|Chenab]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]], and [[Sutlej]] flow through Pakistan.
|-
|[[National dish]]es
|[[Biryani]]/[[Nihari]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=2015-09-23|title=What is Pakistan’s national dish? Hint: It’s not daal roti!|url=http://tribune.com.pk/article/29568/what-is-pakistans-national-dish-hint-its-not-daal-roti|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-16|work=[[The Express Tribune]] (newspaper)|language=en}}</ref>
|[[File:Karachi Beef Biryani.jpg|frameless|224x224px]] [[File:Nalli Nihari.JPG|frameless|224x224px]]
|Both Biryani and Nihari are equally considered to be the national dishes of Pakistan respectively; although, they are yet to be verified.<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[List of Pakistani sweets and desserts|National confectionary]]
|[[Gulab Jamun]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Gulab jamun: National sweet of Pakistan?|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/gulab-jamun-national-sweet-of-pakistan-1.61208394|date=2 January 2019|work=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref>
|[[File:Gulab Jaman.JPG|frameless|224x224px]]
|Gulab jamun (also spelled gulaab jamun) is a milk-solid-based sweet and a type of mithai.It is made mainly from milk solids, traditionally from [[khoya]], which is milk reduced to the consistency of a soft dough.
|-
|[[National colours]]
|[[Green]] and [[white]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[File:Colours of Pakistan.png|frameless|224x224px]]
|
|-
|[[National coat of arms]]
|[[State emblem of Pakistan|Coat of Arms of Pakistan]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[File:Arms of Pakistan.svg|frameless|260x260px]]
|
|-
|[[National archives]]
|[[National Archives of Pakistan]]<ref name=":0" />
|
|The National Archives of Pakistan is a body established by the Government of Pakistan for the purpose of preserving and making available public and private records which have bearings on the history, culture and heritage of Pakistan.
|-
|[[National library]]
|[[National Library of Pakistan]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[File:National library of pakistan.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|The National Library of Pakistan is the national and the research library located in the vicinity of the [[Islamabad]].
|-
|[[National museum]]
|[[National Museum of Pakistan]]
|[[File:National Museum of Pakistan, Karachi.jpg|frameless|224x224px]]
|The National Museum of Pakistan is the national collection of history located in the vicinity of the [[Islamabad]].
|-
|[[National cinema]]
|[[Cinema of Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 October 2021|title=Pakistani Cinema, Turks And The Absence Of Policy|work=[[The Friday Times]] (newspaper)|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/pakistani-cinema-turks-and-the-absence-of-policy/|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> ''([[Lollywood]])''
|[[File:Pakistanfilm.png|center|frameless|128x128px]]
|The Cinema of Pakistan refers to the [[Film industry|filmmaking industry]] in [[Pakistan]]. Pakistan is home to several film studios centres, primarily located in its two largest cities - [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]]. Pakistani cinema has played an important part in [[Pakistani culture]] and in recent years has begun flourishing again after years of decline, delivering entertainment to audiences in [[Pakistan]] and [[Overseas Pakistanis|expatriates]] abroad.
|}

===Related page===
* [[National symbols of Afghanistan]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060127012942/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/ The Government of Pakistan]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050720001200/http://www.infopak.gov.pk/ Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071201142004/http://www.culture.gov.pk/ Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs]
* [http://nationalheritage.gov.pk/ Ministry of National Heritage and Integration]

{{National symbols of Pakistan}}
{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Symbols Of Pakistan}}
[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]
[[Category:Lists of national symbols|Pakistan]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)| ]]

Category:National symbols of India

2022-08-24T12:25:44Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols by country|India]]
[[Category:Culture of India]]
[[Category:National symbols of Southeast Asia|India]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)|INDIA]]

Talk:National symbols of Pakistan

2022-08-24T12:24:35Z

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National symbols of India

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{{short description|Overview of the national symbols of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
[[File:Flag of India, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Flag of India]]

The [[Republic of India]] has several official '''[[national symbol]]s''' including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just before independence, on 22 July in 1947.<ref name="Flbag">{{cite web | url = http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=2 | title = National Flag | publisher=[[Government of India]] | access-date=3 March 2014 }}</ref> Other symbols that were designated on various occasions include the national animal, bird, fruit and tree.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements |title=National Identity Elements of India |website=knowindia.gov.in }}</ref>

== List of National and Official Symbols of India ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Symbol
!Name
!Image
!References
|-
|'''[[List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages|Official Name]]'''
|'''[[Names of India in its official languages|Republic of India]]'''
[[Hindi language|Hindi]]: भारत गणराज्य ''(Bhārat Gaṇarājya)''
|
|
|-
| '''[[National Flag]]'''
| [[Flag of India|'''National Flag of India''']]
Hindi: तिरंगा (Tiraṅgā)
| align="center" | [[File:Flag of India.svg|160x160px]]
| A horizontal rectangular [[Tricolour (flag)|tricolour]] with equally sized [[Saffron (color)#Deep saffron|deep saffron]] at the top, [[white]] in the middle and [[Variations of green#India green|India green]] at the bottom. In the center is a [[navy blue]] wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the [[Ashoka Chakra]]. The flag is based on the [[Swaraj flag]] designed by [[Pingali Venkayya]].<ref name="Flbag" />
|-
|'''[[National emblem|National Emblem]]'''

'''&'''

'''[[List of national mottos|National Motto]]'''
|'''[[State Emblem of India]]''' ''([[Lion Capital of Ashoka]])''

'''[[Satyameva Jayate|"Satyameva Jayate"]]''' [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: "''सत्यमेव जयते "("Truth Alone Triumphs")''
| align="center" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|163x163px]]
| An adaptation of [[Lion Capital of Ashoka]] at [[Sarnath]] was adopted as the [[National Emblem of India|National Emblem]] of [[India]] on 26 January 1950, the day India became a [[republic]]. Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in [[Devanagari]] script: "Satyameva Jayate" (English: Truth Alone Triumphs), a quote taken from [[Mundaka Upanishad]], the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.<ref>{{cite web|title=State Emblem|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205815/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9|archive-date=3 March 2016|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[List of national anthems|National Anthem]]'''
|'''[[Jana Gana Mana]]''' ''("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")''
| align="center" | [[File:Jana Gana Mana sheet music.jpg|174x174px]][[File:Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg|center|120x120px|Jana Gana Mana]]
| '''''Jana Gana Mana''''' is the [[national anthem]] of [[India]]. It was originally composed as [[Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata]] in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] by polymath [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. The first stanza of the song [[Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata]] was adopted by the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
|-
|'''[[List of national anthems|National Song]]'''
|'''[[Vande Mataram]]''' ''("I bow to thee, O Mother!")''
| align="center" | [[File:Vande Mataram - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (Raag Desh).png|172x172px]]
| Vande Mataram is a [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] poem written by [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay|Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]] which he included in his 1882 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] novel ''[[Anandamath]]''. The poem was first sung by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] at the 1896 session of the [[Indian National Congress]]. The first two verses of the song were adopted as the National Song of India On 24 January 1950 by the [[Constituent Assembly of India]].
|-
|'''[[List of national days|National Days]]'''
|'''[[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]]''',
'''[[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]''',

'''[[Gandhi Jayanti]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:National days of india.jpg|160x160px]]
|26 January Republic Day, adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 15 August Independence from the British Empire in 1947 2 October Gandhi Jayanti, birth anniversary of Father of the Nation
|-
|'''[[Oath of Allegiance]]'''
|[[National Pledge (India)|'''National Pledge''']]
| align="center" | [[File:National Pledge of India.png|160x160px]]
|It was written in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by [[Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao]] in 1962. Central Advisory Board on Education directed that the pledge to be sung in Schools and that this practice to be introduced by 26 January 1965.<ref name="BiswasAgrawal1986">{{cite book|last1=Biswas|first1=Arabinda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKsVPua_E6sC&pg=PA140|title=Development of education in India: a historical survey of educational documents before and after independence|last2=Agrawal|first2=S. P.|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-066-4|page=140|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref> It is commonly recited by Indians in unison at public events, especially in schools, and during the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] and [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebrations.
|-
|'''[[List of circulating currencies|National Currency]]'''
|'''[[Indian rupee|Indian Rupee]]''' ''("₹, INR")''
| align="center" | [[File:Indian Rupee symbol.svg|103x103px]]
| [[Indian rupee]] (ISO code: INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the [[Reserve Bank of India]]. The [[Indian rupee sign|Indian rupee symbol]] is derived from the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra) and the Latin letter "R" was adopted in 2010. According to [[Udaya Kumar (designer)|Udaya Kumar]], its designer, the design is based on the Indian tricolour.
|-
|'''National Calendar'''
|'''[[Indian national calendar|Indian National Calendar]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:Indian national calendar.jpg|160x160px]]
| The '''Indian national calendar''', sometimes called the '''Shalivahana Shaka calendar'''. It is used, alongside the [[Gregorian calendar]], by ''[[The Gazette of India]]'', in news broadcasts by [[All India Radio]] and in calendars and communications issued by the [[Government of India]].
|-
|'''National Cockade'''
|'''[[Cockade|Indian Cockade]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:National Cockade of India.svg|160x160px]]
| A '''cockade''' is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a [[hat]].
|-
|'''[[List of national animals|National Animal]]'''
|'''[[Tiger]]''' [[Tiger|(''Panthera tigris'']])
| align="center" | [[File:Royal Bengal Tiger at New Delhi.jpg|160x160px]]
| The T'''iger or Panthera tigris species''' has a
subspecies called Bengal Tiger. It is a form of a specific population of the ''[[Panthera tigris tigris]]'' subspecies that is native to the [[Indian subcontinent]].
|-
|'''[[List of national animals|National Heritage Animal]]'''
|'''[[Indian elephant|Indian Elephant]]''' [[Indian elephant|(''Elephas maximus indicus'')]]
| align="center" | [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|160x160px]]
| Indian elephant is the national heritage animal of India since 22 October 2010. India's Environment Ministry has declared the elephant a National Heritage Animal in order to increase protective measures for the country's nearly 29,000 elephants."Declaring it the National Heritage Animal will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity. It will also mark recognition for its centrality in our plural cultures, traditions and oral lore," the task force wrote in its report.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 October 2010|title=India Gives Elephants 'National Heritage Animal' Status|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2010/2010-10-22-03.html|access-date=27 October 2018|website=[[Environment News Service]]}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[List of national animals|National Aquatic Animal]]'''
|[[Ganges river dolphin|'''Ganges River Dolphin''' (''Platanista gangetica'')]]
| align="center" | [[File:The magnificent Ganges River Dolphin.jpg|160x160px]]
| The '''South Asian river dolphin''' (''Platanista gangetica'') is an endangered freshwater or [[river dolphin]] found in the region of [[Indian subcontinent]], which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin and the Indus river dolphin. The Ganges river dolphin is primarily found in the [[Ganges]] and [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] Rivers and their tributaries in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Nepal]], while the Indus river dolphin is now found only in the main channel of the [[Indus River]] in [[Pakistan]] and River [[Beas]] (a tributary of the Indus) in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] in India.The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its [[List of national animals|National Aquatic Animal]]
|-
|'''[[List of national animals|National Reptile]]'''
|'''[[King cobra|King Cobra]]''' [[King cobra|(''Ophiophagus hanna'')]]
| align="center" | [[File:King Cobra 25.jpg|160x160px]]
|King cobra is the national reptile of India. It is considered a sacred animal in Indian culture.
|-
|'''[[List of national flowers|National Flower]]'''
|
[
'''Lotus''' NATIONALFLOWER''']<ref>{{cite Flowe

<nowiki>| align="center" |</nowiki> | Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn) is the National Flower of India. It is a sacred flowimmemorial.er and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time

“

<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[List of national trees|National Tree]]'''
|[[Ficus benghalensis|'''Indian''' '''Banyan''' (''Ficus benghalensis'')]]
| align="center" | [[File:The great banyan tree.jpg|160x160px]]
| Indian banyan (''[[Ficus bengalensis]]'') root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite web|title=National Tree|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122081829/http://www.knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|archive-date=22 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gahlot|first=Indrajit|date=2014-09-05|title=Destination Of The Week : Banyan Tree amritsar|url=https://nevertiredoftravelling.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/destination-of-the-week-banyan-tree-amritsar/|access-date=2021-01-31|website=Never Tired of Travelling|language=en}}</ref>'''
|
|
|-
|'''[[List of national birds|National Bird]]'''
|'''[[Indian peacock|Indian Peacock]]''' [[Indian peacock|(''Pavo cristatus'')]]
| align="center" | [[File:Pfau imponierend.jpg|160x160px]]
|Indian peacock (''[[Pavo cristatus]]'') is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, the peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Bird|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115003741/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=3|archive-date=15 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 1 February 1963, The Government of India had decided to have the Peacock as the national bird of India.
|-
|'''[[List of national fruits|National Fruit]]'''
|'''[[Mango]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:Mangifera indica (Manguier 4).jpg|160x160px]]
| Mango (''[[Mangifera indica]]'') originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit. Mango is referred to as the King of Fruits. <ref>{{cite web|title=National Fruit|url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122081811/http://www.knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=13|archive-date=22 January 2013|access-date=3 April 2012|publisher=[[Government of India]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|'''National River'''
|'''[[Ganga]]'''
| align="center" | [[File:Dashawamedha Ghat in Varanasi 1.jpg|160x160px]]
| The Ganges is a lifeline to millions who live along its course. It is a sacred river and worshipped as the goddess ''[[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]]'' in [[Hinduism]]. It has been important historically; many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as [[Prayagraj]], [[Dhaka]], [[Baharampur]], [[Bikrampur]], [[Kampilya]], [[Kannauj]], [[Kara (Kaushambi)|Kara]], [[Varanasi|Kashi]], [[Kolkata]], [[Murshidabad]], [[Munger]], [[Patliputra]], and [[Sonargaon]]) have been located on its banks.
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian state symbols]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons|National Symbols of India}}
* [http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php National Symbols]. [[Know India Programme]].
* [http://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols National Symbols]. [[Govt. of India]] Official website.
https://www.adda247.com/defence-jobs/what-is-the-national-animal-of-india/

{{-}}
{{Symbols of India}}
{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}
{{Portal bar|India}}

[[Category:National symbols of India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of national symbols|India]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)| ]]

List of national symbols of the Republic of India

2022-08-24T12:22:33Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: /* Other websites */

The modern '''[[Republic of India]]''' ([[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi|भारत के राष्‍ट्रीय चिन्ह}}); has several official '''[[National symbols]]''' including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, fruit, flower and tree. These have all been selected carefully to project the image of to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.

==Other Indian National and Official symbols==
{{Blockquote|''"(Official name) {{lang|hi|भारत गणराज्य}} {{lang|hi-Latn|Bhārat Gaṇarājya}} Republic of India".

[[File:Bharat.ogg|thumb|The Name of the Country]]

'''Religions of India''' is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Republic of India is officially a [[Secular state]] and has No "State religion". The [[Indian subcontinent]] is the birthplace of four of the [[Dharma|world's major religions]]; namely [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]], and [[Sikhism]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Basu| first = Durga Das| authorlink = Durga Das Basu| title = Introduction to the Constitution of India| edition = 21| year = 2013| publisher = LexisNexis| isbn = 978-81-8038-918-4| page = 124 }}</ref>}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol
! Name
! Image
! References
|-
| '''[[National personification]]'''
| '''[[Bharat Mata|Bharatmata]]''' भारताम्बा ''("Mother Goddess India")''
| [[File:Bharat Mata at Jatiya Shaktipeeth, Kolkata.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="worldhindunews.com1">[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hi&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amarujala.com%2Fchandigarh%2Fmother-india-third-temple-will-construct-in-kurukshetra-of-haryana%3FpageId%3D2 Bharat Mata's third temple will be built in Kurukshetra, 5 acres of land will be near Jyotisar]</ref>
|-
| '''[[National flag]]'''
| '''[[Flag of India]]''' तिरंगा ''("Tiraṅgā")''
| [[File:Flag of India.svg|100px]]
| <ref name="PIB">{{cite web|title=Flag Code of India, 2002|url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India|date=3 April 2002|accessdate=23 November 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520211458/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2002/fapr2002/f030420021.html|archivedate=20 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National emblem]]'''
| '''[[Coat of Arms of India|State emblem of India]]''' भारत का राजचिह्न ''("Official Coat of Arms")''
| [[File:AshokaLions.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="GOI Emblem site">{{cite web |url=http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9 |title=State Emblem |website=Know India |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=1 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205815/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=9 |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national mottos|National motto]]'''
| ''' [[Satyameva Jayate]]''' {{lang-sa|सत्यमेव जयते}} ''("Truth Alone Triumphs")''
| [[File:Emblem of India.svg|100px]][[File:Satyameva jayate.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Hindus-laud-Mick-Jagger-for-singing-in-Sanskrit/articleshow/9580267.cms |title=Hindus laud Mick Jagger for singing in Sanskrit - Times Of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2012-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Father of the Nation]]''' महान आत्मा ''("The Great Soul of India")''
| ''' [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]''' राष्ट्रपिता ''("Bapu Ji")''
| [[File:Mahatma-Gandhi, studio, 1931.jpg|100px]][[File:M. K. Gandhi speech IARC.oga|100px]]
| <ref name="Nehru">{{cite book |last1=Nehru |first1=Jawaharlal |title=An Autobiography |publisher=Bodley Head }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Mother of the Nation]]''' राष्ट्रमाता
| '''[[Sarojini Chattopadhyay Naidu]]''' भारत की कोकिला ''("Nightingale of India")''
| [[File:Sarojini Naidu 1964 stamp of India.jpg|100px]][[File:Sarojini Naidu.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/children/nightingale-of-india/article19093162.ece|title=Nightingale of India|date=17 June 2017|website=[[The Hindu]]|first=Seline|last=Augestine|access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Muslim saints|National]] [[patron saint]]'''
| '''Hadrat Fakir [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]]''' शिरडी साईं बाबा
| [[File:Shirdi Sai Baba 2.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| title = The Illustrated Weekly of India| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gXdja6zClm4C| year = 1981| publisher = Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National hero]]''' ''("Defender of Indian Nationalism")''
| '''[[Bal Keshav Gangadhar Tilak]]''' स्वदेशी नेता ''("Swadeshi Leader")''
| [[File:Bal Gangadhar Tilak crop.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>[http://www.swaraj.org/whatisswaraj.htm What is Swaraj?] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AKqOwC39?url=http://www.swaraj.org/whatisswaraj.htm |date=2012-08-31 }}. Retrieved on July 12, 2007.</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national poets|National poet]]'''
| '''[[Rabindranath Tagore]]''' गुरुदेव ''("Gurudev")''
| [[File:Rabindranath Tagore unknown location.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="University of Hawaii Press">{{cite book| last1 = de Silva| first1 = K. M.| authorlink1 = K. M. de Silva| last2 = Wriggins| first2 = Howard| authorlink2 = William Howard Wriggins| title = J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a Political Biography – Volume One: The First Fifty Years| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5wwetAEACAAJ| date = 1988| publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press]]| isbn = 978-0-8248-1183-9| page = 368 }}</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |title=Man of the series: Nobel laureate Tagore |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/off-the-field/Man-of-the-series-Nobel-laureate-Tagore/articleshow/7854172.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Times News Network]] |date=3 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="IBN Live">{{cite news |title=How Tagore inspired Sri Lanka's national anthem |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/how-tagore-inspired-sri-lankas-national-anthem/255713-40-103.html |work=[[IBN Live]] |date=8 May 2012 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=10 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510201526/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/how-tagore-inspired-sri-lankas-national-anthem/255713-40-103.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national anthems|National anthem]]'''
| '''[[Jana Gana Mana]]''' राष्ट्रगान ''("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")''
| [[File:Jana Gana Mana sheet music.jpg|100px]][[File:आज़ाद हिंद फ़ौज कौमी तराना.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-chatterjee310803.htm |title= Tagore and Jana Gana Mana |accessdate= |work=Monish R. Chatterjee}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Patriotic songs|National song]]'''
| '''[[Sare Jahan se Accha]]''' राष्ट्रीय गीत ''("Tarāna-e-Hind")''
| [[File:Sare Jahan Se Acha - Music.ogg|100px]]
| <ref name="Indiatoday">{{cite news|title=Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/saare-jahan-se-accha-facts/1/647730.html|accessdate=17 October 2016|publisher=India Today|date=21 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national slogans|National slogan]]'''/'''National March'''
| '''[[Vande Mataram]]''' राष्ट्रीय जुलूस ''("I praise thee, O Motherland")''
| [[File:A rare painting of our national song, Vande Mataram, published in 1923.jpg|100px]][[File:Vande Mataram on Mohan Veena.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfqMmypbACg&feature=emb_err_watch_on_yt
|title= Vande Mataram |accessdate= |work=Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Battle cry|National Cry]]''' राष्ट्रीय युद्ध का नारा
| '''[[Jai Hind]]'''/'''Bharatmata Jee''' ''("Victory to India")'' हिन्दुस्तान ज़िन्दाबाद
| [[File:1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg|100px]][[File:Hindustan Zindabad pronunciation.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last = Singh| first = Sarina| title = Lonely Planet India| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ_GwAEACAAJ&pg=PA276| edition = 13, illustrated| year = 2009| publisher = Lonely Planet| isbn = 978-1-74179-151-8| page = 276 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Forbes| first = Duncan| title = A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EWtOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA307| year = 1958| publisher = W.H. Allen and Company| page = 307 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009)|author=Monier Monier-Williams|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc2/index.php|chapter=jaya (जय)}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national days|National days]]'''
| '''[[Independence Day (India)|Independence day]]''' स्वतंत्रता दिवस (भारत) ''[[Republic Day (India)]]'' गणतन्त्र दिवस (भारत)
| [[File:Republic day parade (India) montage.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite news|agency=Eastern Fare |url=http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |title=India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day |publisher=Efi-news.com |date=26 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083307/http://www.efi-news.com/2012/01/india-celebrates-63rd-republic-day.html |archivedate=15 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National language|Non-National language status declared]]'''
| '''[[Hindi language|Hindustani/Hindavi]]''' हिन्दवी [[Indian English]] भारतीय अंग्रेजी भाषा ''("Officialised languages")''
| [[File:Hindi.svg|100px]][[File:Saroj Khan Indian Choreographer voice sample.ogg|100px]] [[File:India Gate, detail, New Delhi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="National">{{cite news|last=Khan|first=Saeed|title=There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Theres-no-national-language-in-India-Gujarat-High-Court/articleshow/5496231.cms|accessdate=5 May 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="PTI">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-not-a-national-language-court/article94695.ece|title= Hindi, not a national language: Court|website=The Hindu|author=Press Trust of India|accessdate=23 December 2014|date=25 January 2010|location=Ahmedabad}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Official language#India|State language]]''' भारत की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ
| '''[[Official languages of India|Languages with official status in India]]''' ''{{Main|Languages of India}}''
| [[File:Indian-languages-map.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |accessdate=17 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Geological survey|National Official map of Great India]]
| '''[[Survey]] of [[India]]'''
| [[File:Rivers and lakes topo map.png|100px]]
| <ref name="si1">[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/on-250th-birthday-survey-of-india-wants-to-shed-its-cloak-of-secrecy/ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy], [[Indian Express]].</ref>
|-
| '''[[National deity]]''' ॐ नमः शिवाय।।
| '''[[Shiva]]'''/'''Mahadeva''' ''("The Deity of Deities" or "The Great Yogi")''
| [[File:IMG j257.jpg|100px]][[File:Om Navashivam, traditional hindu song, Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India.ogg|100px]]
| <ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17">{{harvnb|Flood|1996|pp=17, 153}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Sivaraman| first = K.| title = Saivism in Philosophical Perspective: A Study of the Formative Concepts, Problems, and Methods of Saiva Siddhanta| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I1blW4-yY20C&pg=PA131| year = 1973| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass| isbn = 978-81-208-1771-5| page = 131 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National weapon]]''' राष्ट्रीय रक्षात्मक हथियार
| '''[[Trishula|Trishul]]'''/'''Trident''' त्रिशूल
| [[File:Trishula.svg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National epic]]''' राष्ट्रीय महाकाव्य
| '''[[Mahabharata]]''' ''("Great Epic of Ancient India")''
| [[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="Lochtefeld2002">{{cite book| last = Lochtefeld| first = James G.| title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AbWazgEACAAJ&pg=PA399| year = 2002| publisher = The Rosen Publishing Group| isbn = 978-0-8239-3179-8| page = 399 }}</ref><ref name="SharmaGaur2000">{{cite book| last1 = Sharma| first1 = T.R.S.| last2 = Seshdri| first2 = C.K.| last3 = Gaur| first3 = June| title = Ancient Indian Literature: An Anthology| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IRp1PKX0BXoC&pg=PA137| year = 2000| publisher = Sahitya Akademi| isbn = 978-81-260-0794-3| page = 137}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Religious symbol|Iconic symbols]]''' प्रतिष्ठित प्रतीक
| '''[[Ashoka Chakra]]''' ''("The Law of the Wheel")'' '''[[Religions of India|Religion in India]]''' ''("Official")''
| [[File:Ashoka Chakra.svg|100px]] [[File:ReligiousSymbolsIndian.PNG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astrojyotish.com/rahu-kalam/|title=Untitled Document|publisher=|accessdate=20 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Scripture|National book]]''' राष्ट्रीय पुस्तक
| '''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''' श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता
| [[File:BhagavadGita-19th-century-Illustrated-Sanskrit-Chapter 1.20.21.jpg|100px]][[File:वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं.wav|100px]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-27|title=Bhagavad Gita- manual of life|url=https://iskcondesiretree.com/profiles/blogs/bhagavad-gita-manual-of-life|access-date=2020-11-05|website=ISKCON Desire Tree {{!}} IDT}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National colours]]''' राष्ट्रीय रंग
| '''[[Saffron (color)#India saffron or deep saffron|Saffron]]''', '''[[White]]''' and '''[[Shades of green#India green|Green]]''' {{color box|orange|border=darkgray}}{{color box|white|border=darkgray}}{{color box|green|border=darkgray}} '''[[Sky blue]]''' (sports) {{color box|#87CEEB|border=darkgray}}
| [[File:National Cockade of India.svg|alt=|100x100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of national passports|National passport]]'''
| '''[[Indian passport]]''' राष्ट्रीय पहचान
| '''[[File:Indian Passport cover 2015.jpg|100px]]'''
|
|-
| '''[[List of national airlines|National airline]]'''
| '''[[Air India]]''' ध्वज वाहक ''("Flag carrier")''
| [[File:Air.india.b747-400.onground.arp.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21559372|title=Flying low; India's flag carrier is in big trouble|date=21 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|accessdate=15 October 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623215420/http://www.economist.com/node/21559372|archivedate=23 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Fiat money|National currency]]'''
| '''[[Indian rupee]]''' भारतीय रुपया ''(₹/Rs. INR)''
| [[File:Banknote of india.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/dont-take-1-000-and-500-indian-rupee-notes-to-nepal/20120725.html |title=Don't take 1,000 and 500 Indian rupee notes to Nepal |publisher=Rib staff studies |accessdate=27 October 2014 |archive-date=27 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027133004/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/dont-take-1-000-and-500-indian-rupee-notes-to-nepal/20120725.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National dress]]es''' ''("Indian garments")''
| '''[[Sari (clothing)|Sari]]''' साड़ी ''("female")'' '''[[Dhoti]]''' धोती ''("male")''
| [[File:Sari 2.jpg|100px]] [[File:Dhoti clothing.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|last=Anita Rao Kashi|title=How to Wear a Sari in India|url=http://www.worldhum.com/features/how-to/wear_a_sari_20071025/|publisher=World Hum|accessdate=18 March 2012}}</ref><ref>[https://www.indianmirror.com/culture/clothing/dhoti.html Indian clothes - Traditional Indian Dhoti, Dhoti Kurta, How to Wear a Dhoti, How to Tie Dhoti]</ref>
|-
| [[Movie studio|National media and film industry]]
| '''[[Bollywood]]'''/Hindi cinema बॉलीवुड
| [[File:India film clapperboard.svg|100px]][[File:Bandhan, 1940, film sound track.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=88966|title='The word B'wood is derogatory'|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=11 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html|title=Hooray for Bollywood!|author=[[Richard Corliss]]|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=16 September 1996|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-date=11 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080711034725/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Calendar|National calendar]]'''
| '''[[Saka calendar]]''' भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांग
| [[File:Almanac 1911.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>[http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm Meghnad Saha ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223073932/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm |date=2015-02-23 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Floral emblem|National flower]]''' राष्ट्रीय फूल
| '''[[Nelumbo nucifera|Indian Lotus/Sacred Lotus]]''' पवित्र कमल ''("Cultural")''
| [[File:Nelumbo-nucifera-3- 1200.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of national trees|National tree]]''' राष्ट्रीय वृक्ष
| '''[[Indian banyan|Banyan fig]]''' वटवृक्षः ''("Religious")''
| [[File:Banyan tree Ananthagiri.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Tree|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national fruits|National fruit]]''' राष्ट्रीय फल
| '''[[Mango]]''' आम ''("Official")''
| [[File:Alphonso mango.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="kaetf">{{cite web |url=http://knowandenjoytropicalfruit.com/chapters/jackfruit-and-breadfruit-relatives/ |title=Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives |publisher=Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit |year=2012 |accessdate=2012-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Fruit|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''National vegetable''' राष्ट्रीय सब्जी
| '''[[Tinda|Indian pumpkin]]''' टिण्डा ''("Official")''
| [[File:Indian pumpkin.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Vegetable|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national dishes|National dish]]''' राष्ट्रीय खाना
| '''[[Khichdi]]''' खिचड़ी ''("Traditional cuisine")''
| [[File:Khichdi (Khichrri).JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Dish|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''National spice''' राष्ट्रीय मसाला
| '''[[Turmeric]]/Haldi''' हल्दी
| [[File:Curcuma longa roots.jpg|100px]] [[File:Tinh-bot-nghe 61.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''National crop''' राष्ट्रीय फसल
| '''[[Rice]]''' चावल ''("Agrarian and Staple")'' कृषि और प्रधान
| [[File:Paddy cultivation in Nagaon.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Crop|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national drinks|National beverage]]''' राष्ट्रीय पेय पदार्थ
| '''[[Lassi]]''' लस्सी ''("National Yoghurt drink")''
| [[File:Cool Lassi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Drink|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''National confectionery''' राष्ट्रीय मिठाई
| '''[[Laddu]]''' लड्डू
| [[File:Ladu on plate.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Sweet-shops-make-hay-in-Diwali-shine/2013/10/31/article1864851.ece|title=Sweet shops make hay in Diwali shine |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/as-good-as-home/article5288375.ece|title=As good as home |author=Sangeetha Devi Dundoo |work=The Hindu |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=17 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
| '''National pets''' राष्ट्रीय पालतू
| '''[[Indian spitz]]''' भारतीय स्पिट्ज '''[[Psittacula columboides|Blue-winged parakeet/Malabar parakeet]]'''
| [[File:Indian spitz adult.JPG|100px]] [[File:2005-malabar-parkeet-p.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk">{{cite book| last1 = Ali| first1 = Salim| last2 = Ripley| first2 = Sidney Dillon| last3 = Dick| first3 = John Henry| title = Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan| edition = 2| volume = 2| year = 1980| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-562063-4| pages = 123–126 }}</ref>
|-
| '''National dove/pigeon''' राष्ट्रीय डव/कबूतर
| '''[[Asian emerald dove]]''' भारतीय स्पिट्ज '''[[Jacobin pigeon]]''' जैकोबिन कबूतर
| [[File:Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica by Female Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN1106 (7).jpg|100px]] [[File:Par bijelih perikera.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="rasmussen">{{ cite book | last1=Rasmussen | first1=Pamela C. | author1-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | last2=Anderton | first2=John C. | year=2012 | title=Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide | volume=2: Attributes and Status | edition=2nd | publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions | place=Washington D.C. and Barcelona | isbn=978-84-96553-87-3 | pages=211–212 }}</ref><ref>Seymour, Rev. Colin (Ed)(2006) ''Australian Fancy Pigeons National Book of Standards''.</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of horse breeds|National horse breed]]''' राष्ट्रीय घोड़ा नस्ल
| '''[[Marwari horse]]/Malani''' मारवाड़ी घोड़ा
| [[File:MarwariHorseRajasthan.jpg|100px]] [[File:Marwari Stallion.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of donkey breeds|National feral]]''' राष्ट्रीय जंगली
| '''[[Indian Halari Donkey]]''' भारतीय हलारी गधा
| [[File:Carrying Water in Thar.JPG|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of chicken breeds|National poultry/fowl]]''' राष्ट्रीय मुर्गी
| '''[[Kadaknath]]/Kali Masi''' कड़कनाथ/काली मासी
| [[File:கடக்நாத் சேவல்.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="KPC">{{Cite web|url= https://www.kvkjhabua.org/2018/09/Kadkanath-Poultry-Chicks.html |title=कड़कनाथ मुर्गीपालन |language=hi |access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of cattle breeds|National buffalo/cattle]]''' राष्ट्रीय भैंस/मवेशी
| '''[[Indian Nagpuri Buffalo]]''' भारतीय नागपुरी भैंस '''[[Brahman cattle]]''' ब्राह्मण मवेशी
| [[File:Buffalo at Chinawal.jpg|100px]] [[File:GTM Brahmans cow and calf.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of sheep breeds|National sheep/goat]]''' राष्ट्रीय बकरी/भेड़
| '''[[Magra sheep]]'''/'''Bikaneri Chokhla''' मगर भेड़/बीकानेरी चोखला '''[[Jamnapari goat]]''' जमनापारी बकरी
| [[File:Magra Sheep Flock.JPG|100px]] [[File:Jamunapari Buck.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/X6532E/X6532E02.htm#ch2.2.4 |title=Sheep and goat breeds of india |publisher=Fao.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-08}}</ref><ref name="fao">[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/X6532E/X6532E03.htm "2.3 Goat Breeds".]</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of dog breeds|National guard dog]]''' राष्ट्रीय कुत्ता नस्ल
| '''[[Indian Pariah dog]]/South Asian Pye dog''' or '''Desi Dog''' देसी कुत्ता
| [[File:An Indian Street Dog.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National animal]]''' राष्ट्रीय जानवर
| '''[[Indian elephant]]''' भारतीय हाथी ''("Official animal")''
| [[File:I am Big.jpg|100px]][[File:Elephant voice - trumpeting.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last = Guading| first = Madonna| title = The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SImTll3uupIC&pg=PA239| year = 2009| publisher = Sterling Pub. Co| location = New York| isbn = 978-1-4027-7004-3| page = 239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Binney| first = Ruth| title = Nature's Ways Lore, Legend, Fact and Fiction| year = 2006| publisher = F+W Media| isbn = 978-0-7153-3393-8| page = 37 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture |url=http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture |publisher=Fowler Museum at UCLA |accessdate=24 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330072035/http://www.fowler.ucla.edu/category/exhibitions-education/elephant-animal-and-its-ivory-african-culture |archivedate=30 March 2013 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National birds]]''' राष्ट्रीय पक्षी
| '''[[Green peafowl]]'''/'''[[Blue peafowl]]''' भारतीय मोर ''("Official bird")''
| [[File:Green Peafowl Pavo muticus Manipur by Raju Kasambe..jpg|100px]][[File:Pavo muticus.ogg|100px]] [[File:National bird - Peacock.jpg|100px]][[File:Indian Peafowl.ogg|95px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National aquatic marine mammal]]''' राष्ट्रीय जलीय समुद्री स्तनपायी
| '''[[Platanista gangetica gangetica|Ganges river dolphin]]''' गंगा नदी डॉल्फिन
| [[File:Platanista gangetica noaa.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/dolphin-eng_0.pdf|title=Declaration of Gangetic Dolphin as National Aquatic Animal|last=|first=|date=10 May 2010|website=Government of India - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|publisher=|access-date=23 October 2016|archive-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207210728/http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/dolphin-eng_0.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National social mammal]]''' राष्ट्रीय सामाजिक स्तनपायी
| '''[[Gray langur]]'''/'''Hanuman langur''' हनुमान लंगूर
| [[File:Gray Langur crippled mother.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="lele114">{{cite book| last = Lele| first = Jayant| title = Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kLs3AAAAIAAJ| year = 1981| publisher = Brill Academic| isbn = 978-90-04-06370-9| pages = 114–116 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National bird of prey]]''' राष्ट्रीय शिकारी पक्षी
| '''[[Haliastur indus|Red-backed sea eagle/Brahminy kite fish eagle]]''' ब्राह्मिनी चील ''("Insignia of [[Indian Airforce|IAF]]")'' भारतीय वायु सेना
| [[File:Brahminy Kite in Sundarban.jpg|100px]][[File:Black kite.wav|100px]][[File:Badge of the Indian Air Force.png|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National predator]]''' राष्ट्रीय दरिंदा
| '''[[Asiatic Lion|Indian lion]]''' एशियाई सिंह
| [[File:Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''[[List of national animals|National heritage animal]]''' राष्ट्रीय विरासत पशु
| '''[[Tiger]]''' बाघ ''("Official")''
| [[File:Panthera tigris5.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''[[List of national birds|National heritage bird]]''' राष्ट्रीय विरासत पक्षी
| '''[[Sarus crane]]''' सारस क्रेन
| [[File:Sarus Crane I IMG 8628.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite journal|last=Leslie|first=J.|year=1998|title=A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of Valmiki's kraunca|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-indian-philosophy_1998-10_26_5/page/455|journal=Journal of Indian Philosophy|volume=26|issue=5|pages=455–487|doi=10.1023/A:1004335910775|s2cid=169152694}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hammer|first=Niels|year=2009|title= Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland]] | series = (Third Series)|volume= 19|pages=187–211|doi=10.1017/S1356186308009334|issue=2|s2cid=145356486}}</ref>
|-
| '''National reptile''' राष्ट्रीय साँप
| '''[[King cobra]]'''/Snake Eater नागराज (सांप)
| [[File:King cobra.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''National butterfly''' राष्ट्रीय तितली
| '''[[Teinopalpus imperialis|Kaiser-i-Hind]]''' कैसर-ए-हिंद
| [[File:Teinopalpus imperialis verso.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ghiradella |first1=Helen |year=1991 |title=Light and color on the wing: structural colors in butterflies and moths |journal=Applied Optics |volume=30 |issue=24 |pages=3492–3500 |doi=10.1364/AO.30.003492 |pmid=20706416|bibcode=1991ApOpt..30.3492G }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Michielsen |first1=K. |last2=Stavenga |first2=D.G. |year=2008 |title=Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals |journal= Journal of the Royal Society Interface |volume=5 |issue=18 |pages=85–94 |url= |doi=10.1098/rsif.2007.1065 |pmid=17567555 |pmc=2709202}}</ref>
|-
| '''National fish''' राष्ट्रीय मछली
| '''[[Indian mackerel]]''' भारतीय मैकेरल
| [[File:Indian Mackere.JPG|100px]]
|
|-
| '''National amphibians''' राष्ट्रीय उभयचर
| '''[[Himalayan Newt|Red Knobby Crocodile Newt/Crocodile Salamander]]''' हिमालय न्यूट/सैलामैंडर
'''[[Purple frog|Pignose frog]]''' बैंगनी मेढक का बच्चा
| [[File:Krokodilmolch-01.jpg|100px]] [[File:Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis Davidraju IMG 3613.jpg|100px]][[File: Vocal-Behavior-of-the-Elusive-Purple-Frog-of-India-(Nasikabatrachus-sahyadrensis)-a-Fossorial-pone.0084809.s001.oga|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''National insect''' राष्ट्रीय कीट
| '''[[Heterometrus swammerdami|Giant Forest Scorpion]]''' विशाल वन बिच्छू
| [[File:Giant forest scorpion.JPG|100px]]
| <ref name="hbk"/>
|-
| '''National Oceanic creatures'''
| '''[[Whale shark]]''' व्हेल शार्क '''[[Indian Ocean humpback dolphin]]''' हिंद महासागर हम्पबैक डॉल्फ़िन
| [[File:Dharavandhoo Thila - Whale Shark.jpg|100px]] [[File:Dolphin-Musandam 2.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''National microbe''' राष्ट्रीय सूक्ष्म जीव
| '''[[Lactobacillus bulgaricus]]'''
| [[File:20101210 014809 LactobacillusBulgaricus.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="CoP-11">{{cite web |title=Education for Biodiversity Conservation CoP-11, Hyderabad |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=88487 |website=Press Information Bureau Government of India |publisher=Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |accessdate=3 May 2019 |language=en |date=18 October 2012 |quote=The Minister also announced the National Microbe for India which was selected by children who had visited the Science Express Biodiversity Special, a train which has been visiting various stations across the country. Voting for the National Microbe took place in these stations and the children have selected the Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) to be the National Microbe for India}}</ref>
|-
| '''National fossil''' राष्ट्रीय जीवाश्म
| '''[[Palaeoloxodon namadicus|Asian Straight-tusked Elephant]]''' प्राचीन भारतीय हाथी
| [[File:Largest land mammals size chart.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jukar|first1=A.M.|last2=Lyons|first2=S.K.|last3=Wagner|first3=P.J.|last4=Uhen|first4=M.D.|date=January 2021|title=Late Quaternary extinctions in the Indian Subcontinent|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S003101822030585X|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=562|page=110137|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110137|bibcode=2021PPP...562k0137J|s2cid=228877664}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of pig breeds|National hog creature]]''' राष्ट्रीय सुअर
| '''[[Moupin pig]]'''/'''Indian Wild boar''' मौपिन सुअर/भारतीय जंगली सूअर
| [[File:Sus scrofa cristatus.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="lydekker">Lydekker, R. (1900), ''[https://archive.org/stream/greatsmallgameof1900lyde#page/258/mode/2up The great and small game of India, Burma, & Tibet]'', London : R. Ward, pp. 258-266</ref>
|-
| '''National river''' राष्ट्रीय नदी
| '''[[Ganges River]]'''/Holy River गंगा/पवित्र नदी ''("National lifeline of India")'' भारत की राष्ट्रीय जीवन रेखा
| [[File:Ganga the soul of India.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url = http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=7 |title = National River |publisher = [[Government of India]] |access-date = 3 April 2012 |archive-date = 25 December 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225051835/http://knowindia.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=7%20 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''National mountain''' राष्ट्रीय पर्वत
| '''[[Nanda Devi]]''' नंदा देवी ''("Sacred peak")'' पवित्र शिखर
| [[File:Cloud crowned mountain.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="garhwal-himalaya-ost">''Garhwal-Himalaya-Ost'', 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the [[Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research]], based on maps of the [[Survey of India]].</ref>
|-
| '''National lake''' राष्ट्रीय झील
| '''[[Lake Nakki]]''' नक्की झील
| [[File:Nakki Lake, Mount Abu, Rajasthan.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last = Vaidya| first = Chintaman Vinayak| title = Epic India, Or, India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dmOUq73LZLgC&pg=PA299| year = 2001| publisher = Asian Educational Services| isbn = 978-81-206-1564-9| page = 299 }}</ref>
|-
| '''National mineral''' राष्ट्रीय खनिज
| '''[[Iron ore]]''' लौह अयस्क
| [[File:Iron ore3.JPG|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last1 = Qazi| first1 = Shabir Ahmad| last2 = Qazi| first2 = Navaid Shabir| title = Natural Resource Conservation and Environment Management| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XfUVyq4zt9IC&pg=PA101| date = 1 January 2008| publisher = APH Publishing| isbn = 978-81-313-0404-4| access-date = 12 November 2016| via = Google Books }}</ref>
|-
| '''National gemstone''' राष्ट्रीय मणि पत्थर
| '''[[Sapphire#Star sapphire|Blue Sapphire/Star Sapphire]]''' नीलम ''("Star of India")'' भारत का सितारा
| [[File:Star of India Gem.JPG|100px]]
| <ref name="dutoit">{{cite web| title=Twelve-Rayed Star Sapphire of Interest| url=http://www.giathai.net/pdf/12rays_purple_star_sapphire.pdf| last=DuToit| first=Garry| publisher=GIA Laboratory, Bangkok| accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National sport]]''' राष्ट्रीय खेल
| '''[[Field hockey]]''' खेत हॉकी ''("Unofficial")''
| [[File:Indian Hockey team.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Sport|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national dances|National dance]]''' राष्ट्रीय नृत्य
| '''[[Bharatanatyam]]''' भरतनाट्यम ''("Cultural dance")'' सांस्कृतिक नृत्य कहानी कहने
| [[File:Manjula 2.jpg|100px]][[File:Instrumental Oriental Music of India.webm|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Dance|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name = "Arunkumar1989xxi">{{cite book| last = Arunkumar| first = Anjani| title = Compositions for Bharatanatyam: A Soulful Worship of the Divine| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3UXkAAAAMAAJ| year = 1989| publisher = Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}</ref><ref name="McCutchen2006p450">{{cite book| last = McCutchen| first = Brenda Pugh| title = Teaching Dance as Art in| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C0yjXGJ3EEoC&pg=PA450| year = 2006| publisher = Human Kinetics| isbn = 978-0-7360-5188-0| pages = 450–452 }}</ref><ref name="Arunkumar1989xxi"/>
|-
| '''[[List of national instruments|National instrument]]''' राष्ट्रीय साधन
| '''[[Veena|Veena Vina]]''' वीणा ''("Traditional instrument")'' पारंपरिक वाद्य यंत्र
| [[File:Veena.png|100px]][[File:Veena-SARASWATHI-sounds-carnatic-music-TamilNadu.ogg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|title=National Instrument|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|publisher=Govt. of India Official website|accessdate=2019-04-26|archive-date=2020-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119072753/https://archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php?id=5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| '''National fort''' राष्ट्रीय किला
| '''[[Red Fort|Lal Qila]]''' लाल किला ''("Red Fort Delhi")''
| [[File:Red fort new delhi with indian flag.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="auto1">{{cite news |author=PTI |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manmohan-first-pm-outside-nehrugandhi-clan-to-hoist-flag-for-10th-time/article5025367.ece |title=Manmohan first PM outside Nehru-Gandhi clan to hoist flag for 10th time |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 August 2013 |accessdate=13 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221090006/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manmohan-first-pm-outside-nehrugandhi-clan-to-hoist-flag-for-10th-time/article5025367.ece |archive-date=21 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Cultural heritage|National heritage]]''' राष्ट्रीय ऐतिहासिक धरोहर ''("Historical")''
| '''[[Elephanta Caves]]''' घारापुरी गुफाएँ ''("The City of Caves")'' गुफाओं का शहर
| [[File:Elephanta caves3.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="berkson3">{{cite book| title = Elephanta: The Cave of Siva| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_RYqq7um0hcC| year = 1999| publisher = Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint)| isbn = 978-81-208-1284-0| pages = 3–5| author1 = Carmel Berkson| author2 = Wendy Doniger| author3 = George Michell }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[National shrine|National Islamic shrine of India]]''' भारत का राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी मंदिर
| '''[[Ajmer Sharif Dargah]]''' अजमेर शरीफ दरगाह ''("[[Ajmer|Ajmer Sharif]]")''
| [[File:Ajmer dargah.png|100px]]
| <ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Ajmere|volume=1|pages=452–453}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Cultural heritage|National Islamic heritage]]''' ''("Imperial")'' राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी विरासत शाही
| '''[[Taj Mahal]]''' ताज महल ''("Crown of the Palace")'' पैलेस का ताज
| [[File:Taj agost 05.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/|title=Taj Mahal|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref>
|-
| '''National mandir of India''' भारत का राष्ट्रीय मंदिर ''("Santana Dharma Sacred Site")'' संताना धर्म पवित्र स्थल
| '''[[Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)|Akshardham Temple]]''' अक्षरधाम मंदिर, दिल्ली ''("Hindu National Temple")'' हिंदू राष्ट्रीय मंदिर
| [[File:AkshyarDham Mandir.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="Malik">{{cite web|last=Malik|first=Rajiv|title=Pride of India Swaminarayan Akshardham opens in New Delhi with praise from India's religious, cultural and political leaders|url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1481|work=Hinduism Today|publisher=Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami|accessdate=31 July 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923020000/http://hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1481|archivedate=23 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Swaminarayan Akshardham New Delhi|url = http://akshardham.com/|website = akshardham.com|accessdate = 2015-09-03|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150906024802/http://akshardham.com/|archivedate = 6 September 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| '''National derasar of India''' राष्ट्रीय डेरा सर ''(Indian Sacred Jain Temple)'' भारतीय पवित्र जैन मंदिर
| '''[[Palitana Jain Temples]]''' पालिताना जैन मंदिर/'''Shri Shatrunjaya Tirtha''' श्री शत्रुंजय तीर्थ ''("National Jain Dharam Temple of India")'' or ''("City of Temples")'' मंदिरों का शहर
| [[File:Palitana.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>[http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/jainism/murti.html "Murtipujakas, Jainism", ''Encyclopedia of World Religions'' (PHILTAR), University of Cambria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013131021/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/jainism/murti.html |date=13 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last = Cort| first = John| title = Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History| url = https://archive.org/details/framingjinanarra00cort| year = 2010| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-538502-1| page = [https://archive.org/details/framingjinanarra00cort/page/n138 120] }}</ref>
|-
| '''National monastery of India''' राष्ट्रीय मठ ''(Indian Sacred Buddhist Temple)'' भारतीय पवित्र बौद्ध मंदिर
| '''[[Mahabodhi Temple]]''' महाबोधि मंदिर/'''"Great Awakening Temple"''' महान जागृत मंदिर ''("National Budh Dharam Temple of India")''
| [[File:Mahabodhitemple.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/world-heritage-day-five-must-visit-sites-in-india/article1-1338551.aspx|title=World Heritage Day: Five must-visit sites in India|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814145305/http://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/world-heritage-day-five-must-visit-sites-in-india/article1-1338551.aspx|archivedate=2015-08-14}}</ref>
|-
| '''National gurdwara of India''' राष्ट्रीय गुरुद्वारा ''(Indian Sacred Sikh Temple)'' भारतीय पवित्र सिख मंदिर
| '''[[Golden Temple]]'''/'''Harmandir Darbār Sahib''' अमृत हरमंदिर दरबार साहिब ''("National Sikh Dharam Temple of India")''
| [[File:Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite book| last = Nesbitt| first = Eleanor| title = Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ| year = 2016| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-874557-0| pages = 64–65 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national mosques|National mosque of India]]''' राष्ट्रीय मस्जिद ''(Islamic Place of Worship)'' इस्लामी पूजा स्थल
| '''[[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Masjid e Jahan Numa/World-Reflecting Mosque]]'''/'''Great Delhi Friday Mosque''' ''("National Muslim Dharam mosque of India")'' विश्व-परावर्तन मस्जिद
| [[File:Jama Masjid, Delhi, morning view.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National park]]''' राष्ट्रीय सार्वजनिक पार्क
| '''[[Janeshwar Mishra Park]]''' जनेश्वर मिश्र उद्यान ''(Asia's Largest Urban Public Park)'' एशिया का सबसे बड़ा शहरी सार्वजनिक पार्क
| [[File:Janeshwar Mishra Park.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National memorial]]''' राष्ट्रीय शहीद स्मारक
| '''[[Gandhi Smriti]]''' गाँधी स्मृति
| [[File:Gandhi Smriti Delhi.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kahajaun.com/delhi/travel/museum/1852/gandhi-smriti-darshan-samiti-delhi/ | title=Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti Delhi | date=8 June 2019 | publisher=KahaJaun | accessdate=12 June 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national stadiums|National stadium]]''' राष्ट्रीय स्टेडियम
| '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)]]''' जवाहरलाल नेहरू स्टेडियम (दिल्ली)
| [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Delhi outside view, July 2016.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National monument]]''' राष्ट्रीय स्मारक
| '''[[India Gate]]''' इण्डिया गेट
| [[File:A View of India Gate.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rashtrapati-bhavan-museum-ready-to-welcome-visitors-10-attractions-of-phase-2/story-UqtexFwWsQUB0B32DfiRMM.html | title=Rashtrapati Bhavan museum ready to welcome visitors: 10 key attractions| date=2016-07-24}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national libraries|National library]]'''
| '''[[National Library of India]]''' भारत का राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय
| [[File:National Library, Calcutta 2007.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecolorsofindia.com/interesting-facts/miscellaneous/largest-library-in-india.html|title=Largest Library in India - National Library Kolkata|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.oneindia.in/news/2011/12/16/progress-to-be-made-in-the-national-library-kolkata.html|title=Progress To Be Made In National Library, Kolkata|publisher=|date=16 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/newsletter/047/473.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-04-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064259/http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/newsletter/047/473.html |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| '''[[List of national museums|National museum]]'''
| '''[[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum of India]]''' भारत का राष्ट्रीय संग्रहालय
| [[File:India national museum 01.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/about_us.html |title=About us |access-date=18 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414113849/http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/about_us.html |archive-date=14 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| '''National passageway''' ''("Traditional Trade-route")'' पारंपरिक व्यापार-मार्ग
| '''[[Gateway of India|Bombay Gate]]''' गेटवे ऑफ़ इन्डिया ''("National passageway of India")'' भारत का राष्ट्रीय मार्ग
| [[File:Gateway of India - HDR.jpg|100px]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gammonindia.com/projects/landmark-project-for-gammon-india.htm |title=Landmark Projects |website=www.gammonindia.com |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219044719/http://www.gammonindia.com/projects/landmark-project-for-gammon-india.htm |archive-date=19 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Beating retreat|National beating retreat or flags lowering ceremony]]''' नेशनल बीटिंग रिट्रीट समारोह या झंडे कम समारोह (Since 1959 से)
| '''[[Wagah|Joint-drill parade]]''' अटारी सीमा परेड (''"Indo-Pakistani International Border"'') भारत-पाकिस्तान अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा
| [[File:Indo Pak Wagha Border 5056.jpg|100px]]
| <ref name="guardian">{{cite news|last=Khaleeli|first=Homa|title=Goodbye to the ceremony of silly walks between India and Pakistan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2010/nov/01/india-pakistan-border-showdown-toned-down|accessdate=14 November 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 November 2010}}</ref>
|}

==Related pages==
* [[National symbols of Bangladesh]]
* [[National symbols of Pakistan]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Other websites==
* [http://www.india.gov.in/ The Government of India]
* [https://nikhilbharat.com/national-symbols-of-india-in-hindi/ Top 23 National symbols of India in Hind] i
* [http://www.culture.gov.in/ Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Asia topic|National symbols of}}

[[Category:National symbols of India| ]]
[[Category:National coats of arms]]
[[Category:Lists of national symbols|India]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)| ]]

Category:National symbols of Bangladesh

2022-08-24T12:20:09Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274:

[[Category:National symbols by country|Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengal]]
[[Category:National symbols of Southeast Asia|Bangladesh]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Continental India (Southern Asia)|Bangla]]

List of national symbols of Bangladesh

2022-08-24T12:18:49Z

2A00:23C5:8D98:E201:E08A:7534:559E:7274: /* Other websites */

The '''National symbols of Bangladesh''' ([[Bengali]]:{{lang|bn|বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় প্রতীকসমূহ}}); consisting most of [[National symbols|symbols]] to represent [[Bangladesh]]i traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history. Bangladesh has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, memorial towers as well as several national heroes. There are also several additional other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree... They are listed here respectively.

==Other Bangladeshi National and Official symbols==
{{Quote|''"(Official name) {{lang|bn|গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ}} {{lang|bn-Latn|Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh}} People's Republic of Bangladesh".

[[File:Bn-বাংলাদেশ.oga|thumb|The Name of the Country]]

The [[State religion]] is '''[[Islam]]''', but with the equal status and equal right in the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other religions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/sections_detail.php?id=367&sections_id=24549 |title=Constitution of Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Bangladesh |access-date=2013-11-11}}</ref>''}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Symbol
! Name
! Image
! References
|-
| '''[[National personification]]''' বঙ্গমাতা
| '''[[Bangamata|Banga Mata]]''' ''("Mother Bengal")''
| [[File:Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National flag]]''' বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা
| '''[[Flag of Bangladesh]]''' ''("Red-Green")''
| [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[National emblem]]''' বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় প্রতীক
| '''[[Emblem of Bangladesh|National emblem of Bangladesh]]'''
| [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[Seal (device)|Government seal]]'''
| '''[[Government seal of Bangladesh]]'''
| [[File:Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[List of national mottos|National motto]]'''
| প্রতিটি চিহ্নের চারটি নক্ষত্র এই মৌলিক নীতিগুলি চিত্রিত করে: গণতন্ত্র, সমাজতন্ত্র, ধর্মনিরপেক্ষতা এবং জাতীয়তাবাদ - '''{{lang-bn|শিক্ষা, জাতীয়তাবাদ এবং গণতন্ত্র}}''' ''("[[Education]], [[Nationalism]] and [[Democracy]]")''
| [[File:Official Emblem of the Jatiya Sangsad.png|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[Father of the Nation|Revolutionary leader]]''' জাতির পিতা/জাতির জনক ''("Friend of Bengal")''
| '''Bangabandhu/Bongobondhu,''' '''[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]''' বঙ্গবন্ধু ''("Jatira janak")''
| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
|
|-
| '''[[Mother of the Nation]]''' ''("Jatira maa")''
| ''First Lady'' '''[[Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib]]''' জাতীর মা
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| '''[[Muslim saints|National Islamic saint]]'''
| '''Hazrat [[Shah Jalal]]''' শাহ জালাল
| [[File:Grave of Shah Jalal.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[National hero]]''' মুহাম্মদ আতাউল গণি ওসমানী ''("The First Bangladeshi defender")''
| '''[[Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani]]''' বঙ্গবীর ''("Bangabir/Bongobir")''
| [[File:Epitaph of M.A.G Osmani.JPG|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national poets|National poet]]''' ''("Rebel poet")''
| '''[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]]''' ''("Bidrohi Kobi")''
| [[File:Nazrul.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national anthems|National anthem]]''' জাতীয় সংগীত
| '''[[Amar Shonar Bangla]]''' আমার সোনার বাংলা ''("National Poetic Song")''
| [[File:Amar Sonar Bangla Music.svg|100px]][[File:Amar Shonar Bangla instrumental.ogg|100px]]
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| '''[[Patriotic songs|National song]]''' নতুনের গান}
| '''[[Notuner Gaan]]''' রণ-সঙ্গীত ''("National March")''
| [[File:Dupchanchia shapla high students.jpg|100px]][[File:Chol Chol Chol.ogg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national slogans|National slogan]]'''/'''National War Cry''' জাতীয় যুদ্ধের কান্না
| '''[[Joy Bangla]]''' জয় বাংলা ''("Victory to Bengal" or "Hail Bengal")''
| [[File:জয় বাংলা.svg|100px]]
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| '''[[National language|Nationalised language]]'''
| '''[[Bengali language|Bangla]]''' বাংলা ''("Officialised language")''
| [[File:বাংলা.svg|100px]][[File:Dengue Bengali symptoms.ogg|100px]][[File:Bhairobi (song).ogg|100px]]
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| [[Geological survey|National Official map]] of [[Greater Bangladesh|Great Bengal]]
| '''Survey of Bangladesh''' বাংলাদেশ জরিপ অধিদপ্তর
| [[File:Map_of_Bengal.svg|100px]]
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| '''[[National epic]]''' মহাকাব্য/মনসা
| '''"[[The Triumph of the Snake Goddess]]"''' সাপ দেবীর বিজয়
| [[File:Manasa Devi.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[Religious symbol|Iconic symbol]]''' জাতীয় প্রতীক
| '''[[Red#Color of sunset|Red disc]]''' ''("Official")'' উদিত সূর্য্য ''("The Rising Sun")''
| [[File:Disc_Plain_red.svg|100px]]
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| '''[[National colours]]''' জাতীয় রঙ
| '''[[Red#Color of sunset|Blood Red]]''', '''[[Shades of green#Bottle green|Aquatic Green]]''' and '''[[Gold (colour)|Gold shade]]''' {{color box|#F4263F|border=darkgray}}{{color box|#006A4D|border=darkgray}}{{color box|#FF9900|border=darkgray}}
| [[File:Bangladesh Roundel.png|alt=|100x100px]]
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| '''[[List of national passports|National passport]]'''
| '''[[Bangladeshi passport]]''' জাতীয় পরিচয়
| '''[[File:Bangladeshi Passport Cover.jpg|100px]]'''
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| '''[[List of national airlines|National airline]]''' জাতীয় বিমান সংস্থা
| '''[[Biman Bangladesh Airlines|Biman]]''' পতাকা বাহক ''("Flag carrier")''
| [[File:Biman Bangladesh B777-300ER (S2-AFP) landing at Shahjalal International Airport.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[Fiat money|National currency]]''' জাতীয় মুদ্রা
| '''[[Taka]]''' বাংলাদেশী টাকা ''(৳/Tk. BDT)''
| [[File:The Atia Mosque( Atia Jame Mashjid).jpg|100px]]
| <ref>https://banknoteindex.com/browse.mhtml?browseBy=Id&browse=55629</ref>
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| '''[[National dress]]es''' জাতীয় পোশাক ''("Bangladeshi garments")''
| '''[[Sari (clothing)|Shari]]''' শাড়ি ''("female")'' '''[[Lungi]]''' লুঙ্গি ''("male")''
| [[File:Fresher's_Reception_2011_at_CCPC_(03).jpg|100px]] [[File:LungiBoypagne_crop.jpg|100px]]
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| [[Movie studio|National media and film industry]]
| '''[[Dhallywood]]''' ঢালিউড
| [[File:Bangladesh film clapperboard.svg|100px]]
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| '''[[Calendar|National calendar]]''' জাতীয় পঞ্জিকা
| '''[[Bengali calendar]]''' বাংলা সন
| [[File:Bengali month Ashar.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[Floral emblem|National flower]]''' ফুলের প্রতীক বা জাতীয় ফুল
| '''[[Nymphaea pubescens|Hairy or Pink Water-lily/Shapla]]''' নিম্ফিয়া পিউবেসেন্স/শাপলা
| [[File:Nymphaea pubescens JNTBGRI.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national trees|National tree]]s''' জাতীয় গাছ
| '''[[Indian banyan|Banyan fig]]''' বট - '''''Mango tree''''' আম গাছ ''("Cultural")'' সাংস্কৃতিক
| [[File:Banyan Tree Bangladesh.jpg|100px]] [[File:110 years ancient mango tree of Gopalganj, Bangladesh.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national fruits|National fruit]]''' জাতীয় ফল
| '''[[Jackfruit]]''' কাঁঠাল ''("Official")''
| [[File:(Artocarpus heterophyllus) Jack fruits on Simhachalam Hills 01.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National vegetable''' জাতীয় উদ্ভিজ্জ
| '''[[Chili pepper]]''' লংকা/মরিচ
| [[File:Red Chillies.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national dishes|National dish]]es''' প্রচলিত রান্না ''("Traditional cuisine")''
| '''[[Korma]]'''/'''[[Bengali cuisine#Main course|Fish]],''' '''[[Rice and curry|Rice & Curry]]''' ভাত এবং তরকারী
| [[File:বেঙেনা আৰু আলুৰ সৈতে মাছৰ আঞ্জা.jpg|100px]] [[File:Chicken Korma 1.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National spice''' জাতীয় মশলা
| '''[[Garam masala]]''' গরম মশলা - ''অঞ্চল এবং পরিবারের মধ্যে পরিবর্তিত হয় মশলার মিশ্রণ।''
| [[File:Garammasalaphoto.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National crops''' ''("Agrarian and Staple")''
| '''[[Jute]]''' কৃষি ফসল খাদ্য/ '''[[Rice]]''' প্রধান শস্য খাদ্য
| [[File:Jute Field.jpg|100px]] [[File:Rice Field.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national drinks|National beverage]]''' জাতীয় পানীয়
| '''[[Tea]]''' চা ''("National drink")''
| [[File:Red Tea.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National confectionery''' জাতীয় মিষ্টান্ন
| '''[[Ras malai|Rossomalai]]''' রসমালাই
| [[File:Bengali Rasmalai.PNG|100px]]
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| '''National pet''' জাতীয় পোষা প্রাণী
| '''[[Psittacula alexandri|Red-breasted parakeet/Moustached parakeet]]''' লাল স্তনযুক্ত পরকীয়া
| [[File:Red-breasted parakeet.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National goat''' জাতীয় ছাগল
| '''[[Black Bengal goat]]''' ব্ল্যাক বেঙ্গল ছাগল
| [[File:Black Bengal Goat 00812.JPG|100px]]
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| '''[[List of cattle breeds|National cattle and buffalo]]''' জাতীয় গবাদি পশু
| '''[[Red Chittagong Cow]]''' লাল চিতাগাং গাভী '''[[Mahish Buffalo]]''' বাংলাদেশী মহিষা
| [[File:Red Chittagong Cow (RCC) in Dhaka, Bangladesh.jpg|100px]] [[File:Buffalos, Kaloipur, chapainababagonj, Bangladesh.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of horse breeds|National horse breed]]''' জাতীয় ঘোড়া
| '''[[Bangladeshi native horse]]/Rajshahi Pony''' রাজশাহী টনি
| [[File:Bangladeshi native horse.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of dog breeds|National guard dog]]''' জাতীয় কুকুর
| '''[[Sarail hound]]''' সরাইল হাউন্ড
| [[File:Sarail Hound dog.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national animals|National animal]]''' জাতীয় প্রাণী
| '''[[Bengal tiger]]''' বেঙ্গল টাইগার ''("National predator")'' জাতীয় শিকারী
| [[File:Panthera tigris.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national birds|National bird]]''' জাতীয় পাখি
| '''[[Oriental magpie-robin]]''' দোয়েল
| [[File:Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis)- Male calling in the rain at Kolkata I IMG 3746.jpg|100px]][[File:Magpie robin.ogg|100px]]
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| '''National dove''' জাতীয় ঘুঘু
| '''[[Maroon-backed Imperial pigeon]]''' মেরুন-ব্যাকড ইম্পেরিয়াল কবুতর
| [[File:Mountain Imperial Pigeon.jpg|100px]][[File:Mountain Imperial-pigeon.ogv|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national animals|National aquatic marine mammals]]''' জাতীয় জলজ সামুদ্রিক স্তন্যপায়ী প্রাণীরা
| '''[[Dugong]]''' ডুগং '''[[Platanista gangetica gangetica|Ganges river dolphin]]''' গঙ্গা নদী শুশুক
| [[File:Dugong.jpg|100px]] [[File:Platanista gangetica noaa.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national animals|National social mammal]]''' জাতীয় সামাজিক স্তন্যপায়ী
| '''[[Trachypithecus phayrei|Phayre's leaf langur]]''' চশমাপরা হনুমান
| [[File:Phayre's Leaf Monkey calling.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national birds|National bird of prey]]''' জাতীয় শিকারী পাখি
| '''[[Haliaeetus leucoryphus|Pallas's fish eagle/Band-tailed fish eagle]]''' কুড়া ''("Insignia of [[Bangladesh Airforce|BAF]]")''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bangladesh_Air_Force_Bell-206_(1).jpg |title=Bangladesh Air Force Bell-206 (1).jpg |website=Wikimedia Commons}}</ref> বাংলাদেশ বিমান বাহিনীর প্রতীক
| [[File:Bindenseeadler, Pallas's Fish Eagle.JPG|100px]] 
| <ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-236199 |title=United Red Army: 1977 Forever |date=30 May 2012 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=4 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404215536/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-236199 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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| '''[[List of national animals|National heritage animal]]''' জাতীয় তিহ্য প্রাণী
| '''[[Sloth bear]]''' শ্লথ ভালুক
| [[File:Bear95.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national birds|National heritage bird]]''' জাতীয় তিহ্য পাখি
| '''[[White-breasted waterhen]]''' ডাহুক
| [[File:The White Breasted Waterhen.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National butterfly''' জাতীয় প্রজাপতি
| '''[[Troides aeacus|Golden birdwing]]''' গোল্ডেন বার্ডউইং
| [[File:Male Golden Birdwing butterfly.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National fish''' জাতীয় মাছ
| '''[[Tenualosa ilisha|Illish Herring/Hilsha]]''' ইলিশ
| [[File:Ilish.JPG|100px]]
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| '''National insect''' জাতীয় পোকা
| '''[[Lasius niger|Common Black House Ant/Tramp Ant]]''' কালো পিপড়া
| [[File:Ochetellus glaber casent0178874 profile 1.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National amphibian''' জাতীয় উভচর
| '''[[Hylarana tytleri|Theobald's ranid frog/Leaf Rain frog]]''' পাতার বৃষ্টি ব্যাঙ
| [[File:Hylarana tytleri 02.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National reptiles''' জাতীয় সরীসৃপ
| '''[[Gharial|Ganges River Crocodile/Fish-Eating Crocodile]]''' কুমির খাচ্ছে মাছ '''[[Nilssonia gangetica|Indian softshell turtle/Ganges softshell turtle]]''' গঙ্গা তরুণাস্থি কাছিম
| [[File:Gavial-du-gange.jpg|100px]] [[File:Indian softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) Babai River.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of chicken breeds|National poultry fowl]]''' জাতীয় মুরগি
| '''[[Gray Chittagong Cockerel]]/Brahma Chicken''' ব্রহ্মা মুরগী
| [[File:Brahma chicken.JPG|100px]]
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| '''National Oceanic creature''' জাতীয় মহাসাগরীয় প্রাণী
| '''[[Irrawaddy dolphin]]''' ইরাবতী ডলফিন
| [[Image:Irrawaddy Dolphin Sundarban West Bengal August 2019.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National fossil''' জাতীয় জীবাশ্ম
| '''[[Llanocetus denticrinatus|Llano's whale]]''' প্রাচীন বলেন তিমি
| [[Image:Llanocetus denticrinatus.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national pig breeds|National hog creature]]''' জাতীয় শূকর
| '''[[Pygmy hog]]''' বেঁটে শূকর
| [[Image:Pygmy hog in Assam breeding centre AJT Johnsingh.JPG|100px]]
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| '''National rivers''' জাতীয় নদী
| '''[[Padma River]] পদ্মা নদী, বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় নদী/'''[[Jamuna River]] যমুনা, বাংলাদেশের লাইফ লাইন ''("National Breadbasket of Bangladesh")'' বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় রুটির ঝুড়ি
| [[File:Boat on Jamuna River.jpg|100px]] [[File:Sky & river before sunset(Padma river).jpg|100px]]
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| '''National peak''' জাতীয় শিখর
| '''[[Keokradong]]''' কেওক্রাডং
| [[File:Goodmorning Keokaradang (6830453822).jpg|100px]]
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| '''National lake''' জাতীয় হ্রদ
| '''[[Madhabpur Lake]]''' মাধবপুর হ্রদ
| [[File:Madhobpur Lake HR.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National mineral''' জাতীয় খনিজ
| '''[[Gold]]''' সোনার ''("National mineral")''
| [[File:Gold Pan.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National gemstone''' জাতীয় রত্ন
| '''[[Pearl|White pearl]]''' সাদা মুক্তা
| [[File:Freshwater pearl texturedloose.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[National sport]]''' ''("Traditional")'' প্রচলিত কাবাডি
| '''[[Kabaddi|Ha-du-du]]''' হাডুডু ''("Official")'' জাতীয় খেলা
| [[File:Kabadi.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national dances|National dance]]''' জাতীয় নাচ
| '''[[Peacock dance]]''' ময়ূর নাচ ''("Oreintal dance")'' প্রাচ্য নাচ
| [[File:Peacock Dance at Epiphany Centre.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national instruments|National instrument]]''' জাতীয় উপকরণ
| '''[[Dotara]]''' দোতারা ''("Folk instrument")'' লোক যন্ত্র
| [[File:Bangladesh dotara.JPG|100px]]
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| '''National fort''' জাতীয় দুর্গ
| '''[[Lalbagh fort|Lal Bagh Qila]]''' লালবাগের কেল্লা ''("Red Fort Garden")'' লাল দুর্গ বাগান
| [[File:Dhaka LalbaghFort 07Feb15 MG 5777.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[Cultural heritage|National heritage]]''' ''("Historical")'' .তিহাসিক মান '''(পাহাড়পুর বৌদ্ধ বিহার)'''
| '''[[Somapura Mahavihara]]''' সোমপুর মহাবিহার ''("Great Buddhist Stupa")'' দুর্দান্ত বুদ্ধিবাদী স্তূপ
| [[File:পাহাড়পুর বৌদ্ধ বিহার 22.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national mosques|Nationalised mosque]]'''
| '''[[Baitul Mukarram]]''' বায়তুল মোকাররম জাতীয় মসজিদ
| [[File:Baitul Mukarram (Arabic, بيت المكرّم; Bengali, বায়তুল মুকাররম; The Holy House).jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[National shrine|National shrine of Bangladesh]]''' জাতীয় ইসলামী মাজার
| '''[[Shah Jalal|Hazrat Shah Jalal Mazar]]''' হযরত শাহজালালের দরগাহ ''("[[Sylhet]]")''
| [[File:Shah Jalal Mazar at Sylhet.JPG|100px]]
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| '''National temple of Bangladesh''' ''("Bengalese Sacred Site")''
| '''[[Dhakeshwari Temple|Goddess of Dhaka]]''' বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় মন্দির ''("Hindu")''
| [[File:Hindu Temple in Dhaka.jpg|100px]] [[File:Festival of sacred bath (Baruni snan- in Bengali) in Bangladesh.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National monastery of Bangladesh''' ''(Bengalese Buddhist Temple)''
| '''[[Buddha Dhatu Jadi]]'''/Temple Dam of the Monkeys বানরের মন্দির বাঁধ ''("National Golden Temple of Bangladesh")'' বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় সোনার মন্দির
| [[File:Bandarban Golden Temple.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National park''' জাতীয় উদ্যান
| '''[[Ramna Park]]''' রমনা উদ্যান ''(Public)''
| [[File:Ramna park, Dhaka, Bangladesh .jpg|100px]]
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| '''National mausoleum'''
| '''[[Mausoleum of three leaders]]''' তিন নেতার মাজার
| [[File:Tomb Of Three Leader 3.A.M.R.jpg|100px]]
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| '''National tower''' জাতীয় মিনার ''("Column of Independence")'' স্বাধীনতার কলাম
| '''[[Swadhinata Stambha]]''' স্বাধীনতা স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ ''("Independence monument")''
| [[File:Swadhinata Stambha in 2014.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[National monument]]s''' জাতীয় স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ
| '''[[Shaheed Minar, Dhaka]]''' শহীদ মিনার - '''[[National Martyrs’ Memorial ]]'''জাতীয় স্মৃতি সৌধ - '''[[Martyred Intellectuals Memorial]]''' শহীদ বুদ্ধিজীবী স্মৃতিসৌধ
| [[File:Shaheed Minar.JPG|100px]] [[File:Bangladesh National Martyrs' Memorial Monument.JPG|100px]] [[File:Martyr's intellectual monument at Rayerbazar.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national libraries|National library]]'''
| '''[[National library of Bangladesh]]''' বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় গ্রন্থাগার
| [[File:National Library and Archives, Bangladesh.jpg|100px]]
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| '''[[List of national museums|National museum]]'''
| '''[[Bangladesh National Museum]]''' বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় যাদুঘর
| [[File:Bangladesh National Museum (01).jpg|100px]]
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| '''National passageway''' প্রচলিত সমুদ্রের রুট ''("Traditional Sea-route")''
| '''[[Bay of Bengal]]''' বঙ্গোপসাগর ''("National Pass of Bangladesh")'' বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় উত্তরণ
| [[File:The Lonely Boat.jpg|100px]]
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|-
|'''[[Beating retreat|National beating retreat or Flags lowering ceremony]]''' পতাকা কমার অনুষ্ঠান
| '''[[Petrapole-Benapole border ceremony|Friendship parade]]''' বন্ধুত্বের কুচকাওয়াজ (''"Indo-Bengal Border"'')
| [[File:India and Bangladesh Flags.JPG|100px]]
|
|}

==Related pages==
* [[National symbols of India]]
* [[National symbols of Pakistan]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Other websites==
* [http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/ The Government of Bangladesh]
* [http://www.infobangla.gov.bd/ Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.culture.gov.bd/ Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth Affairs]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

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Whale shark

2022-08-24T12:00:46Z

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{{Short description|Largest living species of fish}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Whale shark
| fossil_range = {{Geological range|28.4|0|ref=<ref name=FW>{{cite web | title = ''Rhincodon typus'' in the Paleobiology Database | work = [[Fossilworks]] | url = http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=170186 | access-date = 17 December 2021}}</ref>}}
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Pierce, S.J. |author2=Norman, B. |date=2016 |title=''Rhincodon typus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T19488A2365291 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19488A2365291.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| image = Similan Dive Center - great whale shark.jpg
| image_caption = Whale shark in the [[Andaman Sea]] around the [[Similan Islands]]
| image2 = Whale-Shark-Scale-Chart-SVG-Steveoc86.svg
| image2_caption = The size of various whale shark individuals with a human for scale
| grandparent_authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] and [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1839<ref name="Müller & Henle, 1841" /><ref name="Melville, 1984" />
| genus = Rhincodon
| parent_authority = [[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|A. Smith]], 1829<ref name="Smith, 1829" /><ref name="Melville, 1984" />
| species = typus
| authority = ([[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|A. Smith]], 1828)<ref name="Smith, 1828" /><ref name="Penrith, 1972" /><ref name="Melville, 1984" />
| synonyms =
*''Micristodus punctatus'' Gill, 1865
*''Rhineodon'' Denison, 1937
*''Rhiniodon typus'' A. Smith, 1828<ref name="Smith, 1828" />
*''Rhinodon pentalineatus'' Kishinouye, 1901
*''Rhinodon typicus'' Müller & Henle, 1839
| range_map = Cypron-Range Rhincodon typus.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of whale shark{{Update inline|date=November 2020}}
}}

The '''whale shark''' (''Rhincodon typus'') is a slow-moving, [[filter feeder|filter-feeding]] [[carpet shark]] and the largest known [[Extant taxon|extant]] [[fish]] [[species]]. The largest confirmed individual had a length of {{convert|18.8|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":1">McClain CR, Balk MA, Benfield MC, Branch TA, Chen C, Cosgrove J, Dove ADM, Gaskins LC, Helm RR, Hochberg FG, Lee FB, Marshall A, McMurray SE, Schanche C, Stone SN, Thaler AD. 2015. "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". ''PeerJ'' 3:e715 {{doi|10.7717/peerj.715}}.</ref> The whale shark holds many records for size in the animal kingdom, most notably being by far the largest living nonmammalian [[vertebrate]]. It is the sole member of the genus '''''Rhincodon''''' and the only extant member of the family '''Rhincodontidae''', which belongs to the subclass [[Elasmobranchii]] in the class [[Chondrichthyes]]. Before 1984 it was classified as ''Rhiniodon'' into Rhinodontidae.

The whale shark is found in open waters of the tropical oceans and is rarely found in water below {{convert|21|C|F}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Studies looking at vertebral growth bands and the growth rates of free-swimming sharks have estimated whale shark lifespans at 80–130 years.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Hsu|first1=Hua Hsun|last2=Joung|first2=Shoou Jeng|last3=Hueter|first3=Robert E.|last4=Liu|first4=Kwang Ming|date=2014 |title=Age and growth of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the north-western Pacific|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MF13330|journal=Marine and Freshwater Research|volume=65|issue=12|pages=1145|doi=10.1071/MF13330 |issn=1323-1650}}</ref><ref name="fishbase">{{cite web|last=Colman|first=J. G.  |editor1-last=Froese|editor1-first=Ranier|editor2-last=Pauly|editor2-first=Daniel |title=''Rhincodon typus'' |url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2081|access-date=17 September 2006 |publisher=FishBase}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Perry|first1=Cameron T.|last2=Figueiredo |first2=Joana|last3=Vaudo|first3=Jeremy J.|last4=Hancock|first4=James|last5=Rees|first5=Richard |last6=Shivji|first6=Mahmood|date=2018|title=Comparing length-measurement methods and estimating growth parameters of free-swimming whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) near the South Ari Atoll, Maldives |url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MF17393|journal=Marine and Freshwater Research|volume=69|issue=10 |pages=1487|doi=10.1071/MF17393|issn=1323-1650}}</ref> Whale sharks have very large mouths and are filter feeders, which is a feeding mode that occurs in only two other sharks, the [[megamouth shark]] and the [[basking shark]]. They feed almost exclusively on [[Zooplankton|plankton]] and small fishes, and pose no threat to humans.

The species was distinguished in April 1828 after the harpooning of a {{convert|4.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} specimen in [[Table Bay]], South Africa. [[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|Andrew Smith]], a military doctor associated with British troops stationed in [[Cape Town]], described it the following year.<ref>{{cite web |last=Martin |first=R. Aidan |title=Rhincodon or Rhiniodon? A Whale Shark by Any Other Name |publisher=ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research |url=http://elasmo-research.org/education/topics/ng_rhincodon_or_rhiniodon.htm}}</ref> The name "whale shark" refers to the fish's size, being as large as some species of whales,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brunnschweiler |first1=J. M. |last2=Baensch |first2=H. |last3=Pierce |first3=S. J. |last4=Sims |first4=D. W. |date=3 February 2009 |title=Deep-diving behaviour of a whale shark ''Rhincodon typus'' during long-distance movement in the western Indian Ocean |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02155.x |pmid=20735591 |volume=74 |issue=3|pages=706–14 }}</ref> in addition its filter feeding habits which are not unlike that of [[baleen whale]]s.

==Description==
Whale shark mouths can contain over 300 rows of tiny teeth and 20 filter pads which it uses to [[filter feeder|filter feed]].<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |last=Compagno |first=L. J. V. |title=Species Fact Sheet, ''Rhincodon typus'' |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2801/en |access-date=19 September 2006}}</ref> Unlike many other sharks, whale sharks' mouths are located at the front of the head rather than on the underside of the head.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=47|title=Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus |website=MarineBio.org|access-date=17 May 2018}}</ref> A {{convert|12.1|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} whale shark was reported to have a mouth {{convert|1.55|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} across.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kaikini |first1=A. S.|last2=Ramamohana Rao|first2=V.|last3=Dhulkhed|first3=M. H.|date=1959 |title=A note on the whale shark Rhincodon typus Smith, stranded off Mangalore|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/33012000 |journal=Central Marine Fisheries Research Unit, Mangalore.}}</ref> The head is wide and flat with two small eyes at the front corners. The [[Spiracle (vertebrates)|spiracle]]s are located just behind the eyes. Whale sharks have five large pairs of [[gill]]s. Their skin is dark grey with a white belly marked with pale grey or white spots and stripes which are unique to each individual. Its skin can be up to 15 cm thick and is very hard and rough to the touch. The whale shark has three prominent ridges along its sides, which start above and behind the head and end at the caudal peduncle.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Norman, Brad |title=CITES identification manual|date=2002|publisher=Environment Australia|isbn=0-642-54900-1 |oclc=54364165}}</ref> The shark has two [[dorsal fin]]s set relatively far back on the body, a pair of [[pectoral fins]], a pair of pelvic fins and a single medial anal fin. The tail has a larger upper lobe than the lower lobe ([[wiktionary:heterocercal|heterocercal]]).

Whale sharks were found to possess [[dermal denticles]] on the surface of their eyeballs which are structured differently from their body denticles. These denticles serve to protect the eye from damage, along with the whale shark's ability to retract its eye deep into its socket.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tomita|first1=Taketeru|last2=Murakumo|first2=Kiyomi|last3=Komoto|first3=Shinya|last4=Dove |first4=Alistair|last5=Kino|first5=Masakatsu|last6=Miyamoto |first6=Kei|last7=Toda|first7=Minoru|date=2020-06-29|title=Armored eyes of the whale shark|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=15|issue=6|pages=e0235342 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0235342|pmid=32598385|pmc=7323965|bibcode=2020PLoSO..1535342T |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/whale-sharks-have-tiny-teeth-their-eyeballs-180975240/|title=Whale Sharks Have Tiny Teeth on Their Eyeballs|first=Nora |last=McGreevy|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref>

The complete and annotated genome of the whale shark was published in 2017.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Read |first1=Timothy D.|last2=Petit|first2=Robert A.|last3=Joseph|first3=Sandeep J.|last4=Alam|first4=Md. Tauqeer|last5=Weil |first5=M. Ryan|last6=Ahmad|first6=Maida|last7=Bhimani|first7=Ravila|last8=Vuong |first8=Jocelyn S.|last9=Haase|first9=Chad P.|date=December 2017|title=Draft sequencing and assembly of the genome of the world's largest fish, the whale shark: Rhincodon typus Smith 1828|journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18|issue=1|pages=532|doi=10.1186/s12864-017-3926-9|issn=1471-2164|pmc=5513125|pmid=28709399}}</ref>

Evidence suggests that whale sharks can recover from major injuries and may be able to regenerate small sections of their fins. Their spot markings have also been shown to reform over a previously wounded area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Womersley|first1=Freya|last2=Hancock|first2=James|last3=Perry|first3=Cameron T.|last4=Rowat|first4=David|date=February 2021|title=Wound-healing capabilities of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and implications for conservation management|journal=Conservation Physiology|volume=9|issue=1|pages=coaa120|doi=10.1093/conphys/coaa120|pmc=7859907|pmid=33569175}}</ref>

=== Size ===
The whale shark is the largest non-[[cetacean]] animal in the world. Evidence suggests that whale sharks exhibit [[sexual dimorphism]] with regards to size, with males not growing as large as females. A study looked at the growth of whale shark individuals over 10 years. It concluded that males on average reach 8 to 9 meters (26 to 30 ft) in length; although this does not represent the maximum possible size. The same study predicted females reaching a length of around {{convert|14.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} on average, based on more limited data.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Meekan|first1=Mark G.|last2=Taylor|first2=Brett M.|last3=Lester|first3=Emily|last4=Ferreira|first4=Luciana C.|last5=Sequeira|first5=Ana M. M.|last6=Dove|first6=Alistair D. M.|last7=Birt|first7=Matthew J.|last8=Aspinall|first8=Alex|last9=Brooks|first9=Kim|last10=Thums|first10=Michele|date=2020|title=Asymptotic Growth of Whale Sharks Suggests Sex-Specific Life-History Strategies|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|language=en|volume=7|doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.575683|s2cid=221712078|issn=2296-7745|doi-access=free}}</ref> Previous studies estimating the growth and longevity of whale sharks have produced estimates ranging from {{convert|14|to|21.9|m|ft|sp=us|abbr=}} in length.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name="ong" /> Limited evidence, mostly from males, suggests that [[sexual maturity]] occurs around {{convert|8|to|9|m|ft|sp=us|abbr=}} in length, with females possibly maturing at a similar size or larger.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Colman|first=J. G.|date=1997|title=A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|language=en|volume=51|issue=6|pages=1219–1234|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01138.x|pmid=29991171|issn=1095-8649}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=J. D.|date=2007-03-01|title=Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) biology and ecology: A review of the primary literature|journal=Fisheries Research|series=Whale Sharks: Science, Conservation and Management|volume=84|issue=1|pages=4–9|doi=10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.008|issn=0165-7836}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Rowat|first1=D.|last2=Brooks|first2=K. S.|date=2012|title=A review of the biology, fisheries and conservation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/d129cb7934494308d800d579adfa74f66f2b8c6e|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|language=en|volume=80|issue=5|pages=1019–1056|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03252.x|issn=1095-8649|pmid=22497372|s2cid=7243391}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Norman|first1=Bradley M.|last2=Stevens|first2=John D.|date=2007-03-01|title=Size and maturity status of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783606004036|journal=Fisheries Research|series=Whale Sharks: Science, Conservation and Management|language=en|volume=84|issue=1|pages=81–86|doi=10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.015|issn=0165-7836}}</ref> The maximum length of the species is uncertain due to a lack of detailed documentation of the largest reported individuals. Several whale sharks around 18 m (59 ft) in length have been reported.<ref name=":1" />

Large whale sharks are difficult to measure accurately, both on the land and in the water. When measured on land, the total length can be affected by how the tail is positioned, either angled as it would be in life or stretched to the maximum possible. Historically, techniques such as comparisons to objects of known size and knotted ropes have been used for in-water measurements and may suffer from inaccuracy.<ref name=":0" /> In 2011, laser [[photogrammetry]] was proposed to improve in-water measurement accuracy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|last1=Rohner|first1=C. A.|last2=Richardson|first2=A. J.|last3=Marshall |first3=A. D.|last4=Weeks|first4=S. J. |last5=Pierce|first5=S. J.|date=2011|title=How large is the world's largest fish? Measuring whale sharks Rhincodon typus with laser photogrammetry|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|language=en|volume=78|issue=1|pages=378–385 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02861.x|pmid=21235570 |s2cid=6882935|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/2bc256020b346d5ce7ee849db63e108252b92a1d}}</ref>

=== Reports of large individuals ===
Since the 1800s, there have been accounts of very large whale sharks; some of these are as follows.

In 1868, the Irish natural scientist [[Edward Perceval Wright]] obtained several small whale shark specimens in the Seychelles. Wright was informed of one whale shark that was measured as exceeding {{convert|45|ft|m|abbr=on}}. Wright claimed to have observed specimens over {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} and was told of specimens upwards of {{convert|70|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Six months at the Seychelles: letter to A. Searle Hart, LL. D., S.F.T.C.D.|author=Wright, E. Perceval |date=2011|publisher=British Library, Historical Print Editions|isbn=9781241491611|oclc=835888086}}</ref>

[[Hugh McCormick Smith|Hugh M. Smith]] described a huge animal caught in a bamboo fish trap in Thailand in 1919. The shark was too heavy to pull ashore, and no measurements were taken. Smith learned through independent sources that it was at least 10 [[Wa (unit)|wa]] (a Thai unit of length measuring between a person's outstretched arms). Smith noted that one wa could be interpreted as either {{Convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} or the approximate average of {{Convert|1.7|to(-)|1.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and weighed approximately 37 tonnes (81,500 lb) based on the local fishermen.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=H. M.|date=1925-11-13|journal=Science|volume=62|issue=1611|pages=438 |doi=10.1126/science.62.1611.438|pmid=17732228|issn=0036-8075|title=A Whale Shark (Rhineodon) in the Gulf of Siam|bibcode=1925Sci....62..438S}}</ref> Later sources have stated this whale shark as approximately {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}, with a weight of 43 tonnes, but the accuracy of the estimate has been questioned.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

In 1934, a ship named the ''Maunganui'' came across a whale shark in the southern Pacific Ocean, rammed it, and the shark became stuck on the prow of the ship, supposedly with {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}} on one side and {{convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} on the other, suggesting a total length of about {{convert|55|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gudger|first=E. W.|date=1938|title=Whale Sharks Rammed by Ocean Vessels: How These Sluggish Leviathans Aid in Their Own Destruction|journal=New England Naturalist |publisher=Boston Society of Natural History|location=New England Museum of Natural History|volume=1-15 |oclc=1759776}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=FgFFAAAAYAAJ}}|title=The Jaws of Death: Shark as Predator, Man as Prey|last=Maniguet|first=Xavier|date=1992|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Limited|isbn=978-0-00-219960-5}}</ref>

Scott A. Eckert & Brent S. Stewart reported on [[Animal migration tracking|satellite tracking]] of whale sharks from between 1994 and 1996. Out of the 15 individuals tracked, two females were reported as measuring {{convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} and {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eckert|first1=Scott A.|last2=Stewart|first2=Brent S.|s2cid=22173382|date=2001-02-01|title=Telemetry and Satellite Tracking of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon Typus, in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico, and the North Pacific Ocean|journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes|language=en|volume=60|issue=1|pages=299–308|doi=10.1023/A:1007674716437|issn=1573-5133}}</ref> A {{convert|20.75|m|ft|abbr=on}} long whale shark was reported as being stranded along the [[Ratnagiri]] coast in 1995.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Katkar |first=B.N.|date=1996|title=Turtles and whale shark landed along ratnagiri coast, maharashtra |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/33018228|journal=Marine Fisheries Information Service|volume=141 |pages=20}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Venkatesan|first1=V|last2=Ramamurthy|first2=N|last3=Boominathan |first3=N|last4=Gandhi|first4=A|date=2008|title=Stranding of a whale shark, Rhincodon typus (smith) at Pamban, Gulf of Mannar|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33014069.pdf|journal=Marine Fisheries Information Service|volume=198 |pages=19–22}}</ref> A female individual with a [[Fish measurement|standard length]] of {{convert|15|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} (and an estimated total length at {{convert|18.8|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}) was reported from the Arabian Sea in 2001.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Borrell|first1=Asunción|last2=Aguilar|first2=Alex|last3=Gazo|first3=Manel|last4=Kumarran|first4=R. P. |last5=Cardona|first5=Luis|s2cid=37683420|date=2011|title=Stable isotope profiles in whale shark (Rhincodon typus) suggest segregation and dissimilarities in the diet depending on sex and size|journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes|volume=92|issue=4|pages=559–567|doi=10.1007/s10641-011-9879-y |issn=0378-1909}}</ref> In a 2015 study looking into the size of marine [[megafauna]], McClain and colleagues considered this female as being the most reliable and accurately measured.<ref name=":1" />

On 7 February 2012, a large whale shark was found floating {{convert|150|km|mi}} off the coast of [[Karachi]], Pakistan. The length of the specimen was said to be between {{convert|11|and|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}, with a weight of around {{convert|15000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hasan |first=Saad |title=Experts to cut up 40.1-foot long whale shark today |work=The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/334260/experts-to-cut-up-40-1-foot-long-whale-shark-today/ |date=10 February 2012}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rhincodon typus jaws.jpg|Jaws
File:Rhincodon typus teeth.jpg|Teeth
File:Oeil et spiracle requin-baleine.JPG|Eye
File:Journal.pone.0235342.g001--B-Crop-Extract.jpg| Close up showing eyeball denticles
File:Walhai 3.jpg|Top of head
</gallery>

==Distribution and habitat==
The whale shark inhabits all tropical and warm-temperate seas. The fish is primarily [[pelagic]], and can be found in both coastal and oceanic habitats.<ref name=IUCN>{{cite journal |title=Whale Shark |journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |date=18 March 2016 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19488/2365291 |publisher=[[IUCN]] |access-date=28 November 2020|last1=Pierce |first1=S.J. |last2=Norman |first2=Brad}}</ref> Tracking devices have shown that the whale shark displays dynamic patterns of habitat utilization, likely in response to availability of prey. Whale sharks observed off the northeast Yucatan Peninsula tend to engage in inshore surface swimming between sunrise and mid-afternoon, followed by regular vertical oscillations in oceanic waters during the afternoon and overnight. About 95% of the oscillating period was spent in [[epipelagic]] depths (<{{convert|200|m|ft}}), but whale sharks also took regular deep dives (>{{convert|500|m|ft}}), often descending in brief "stutter steps", perhaps for foraging. The deepest recorded dive was {{convert|1,928|m|ft}}, making the whale shark the deepest diving fish to be recorded. Whale sharks were also observed to remain continuously at depths of greater than {{convert|50|m|ft}} for three days or more.<ref name="Pain">{{cite journal |last1=Pain |first1=Stephanie |title=Call of the deep |journal=Knowable Magazine |publisher= Annual Reviews |date=31 May 2022 |doi=10.1146/knowable-052622-3 |doi-access=free |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2022/deep-diving-animals-ocean-twilight-zone |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="PLOS">{{cite news |author=Public Library of Science |title=Whale sharks in Gulf of Mexico swim near the surface, take deep dives |url=https://phys.org/news/2015-11-whale-sharks-gulf-mexico-surface.html |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=phys.org |date=November 18, 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Brian C.|last1=Howard |date=28 June 2016 |title=Whale Sharks Move in Mysterious Ways: Watch Them Online |publisher=National Geographic Society |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/whale-shark-tracker/ |access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref>

The whale shark is migratory<ref name="fishbase"/> and has two distinct subpopulations: an Atlantic subpopulation, from [[Maine]] and the [[Azores]] to [[Cape Agulhas]], South Africa, and an Indo-Pacific subpopulation which holds 75% of the entire whale shark population. It usually roams between 30°N and 35°S where water temperatures are higher than {{convert|21|C|F}} but have been spotted as far north as the [[Bay of Fundy]], Canada and the [[Sea of Okhotsk]] north of Japan and as far south as [[Victoria, Australia]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

Seasonal feeding aggregations occur at several coastal sites such as the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Gulf of Oman]], [[Ningaloo Reef]] in Western Australia, [[Darwin Island]] in the Galápagos, [[Quintana Roo]] in Mexico, [[Mafia Island]] of [[Pwani Region]] in Tanzania, [[Inhambane]] province in Mozambique, the [[Philippines]], around [[Mahé, Seychelles|Mahe]] in the Seychelles,<ref name=IUCN /> the [[Gujarat]]<ref name=IUCN /> and [[Kerala]] coasts of India,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/campaign-to-conserve-whale-shark-to-be-launched-today/article19584864.ece|title=Drive to conserve whale shark|date=30 August 2017|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Kaushik |first=Himanshu |date=30 August 2014 |title=Whale sharks found off Gujarat coast no expats, they are Indian |work=The Times of India |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/Home/Environment/Flora-Fauna/Whale-sharks-found-off-Gujarat-coast-no-expats-they-are-Indian/articleshow/41240407.cms |access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref> [[Taiwan]], southern [[China]]<ref name=IUCN /> and [[Qatar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/blogs/middleeast/2020/07/privilege-swimming-endangered-whale-sharks-qatar-200716072449785.html |title='What a privilege': Swimming with endangered whale sharks in Qatar |last=Dekker |first=Stefanie |work=Aljazeera |date=17 July 2020 |access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>

In 2011, more than 400 whale sharks gathered off the [[Yucatan]] Coast. It was one of the largest gatherings of whale sharks recorded.<ref name="de la Parra et al. 2011">{{cite journal |last1=de la Parra Venegas |first1=Rafael |last2=Hueter |first2=Robert |last3=Cano |first3=Jaime González |last4=Tyminski |first4=John |last5=Remolina |first5=José Gregorio |last6=Maslanka |first6=Mike |last7=Ormos |first7=Andrea |last8=Weigt |first8=Lee |last9=Carlson |first9=Bruce |last10=Dove |first10=Alistair |date=29 April 2011 |title=An Unprecedented Aggregation of Whale Sharks, ''Rhincodon typus'', in Mexican Coastal Waters of the Caribbean Sea |journal=PLOS ONE |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018994 |volume=6 |issue=4 |series=4 |page=e18994|pmid=21559508|pmc=3084747 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...618994D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Aggregations in that area are among the most reliable seasonal gatherings known for whale sharks, with large numbers occurring in most years between May and September. Associated ecotourism has grown rapidly to unsustainable levels.<ref>{{citation |last=Dove |first=Alistair |date=27 January 2015 |url=https://www.future500.org/yucatan-whale-sharks-swimming-troubled-waters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015049/https://www.future500.org/yucatan-whale-sharks-swimming-troubled-waters/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |title=Yucatan Whale Sharks Swimming in Troubled Waters |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Growth and reproduction==
Growth, longevity, and reproduction of the whale shark are poorly understood.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name="ong">{{cite journal|last1=Ong|first1=Joyce J. L.|last2=Meekan|first2=Mark G.|last3=Hsu|first3=Hua Hsun|last4=Fanning|first4=L. Paul|last5=Campana|first5=Steven E.|date=6 April 2020|title=Annual Bands in Vertebrae Validated by Bomb Radiocarbon Assays Provide Estimates of Age and Growth of Whale Sharks|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=7|doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00188|doi-access=free}}</ref> There was uncertainty as to whether vertebrae growth bands are formed annually or biannually, which is important in determining the age, growth, and longevity of whale sharks.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Wintner|first=Sabine P.|s2cid=20461057|date=2000|title=Preliminary Study of Vertebral Growth Rings in the Whale Shark, Rhincodon typus, from the East Coast of South Africa|journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes|volume=59|issue=4|pages=441–451|doi=10.1023/A:1026564707027}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> A 2020 study compared the ratio of [[Carbon-14]] isotopes found in growth bands of whale shark vertebrae to [[Nuclear weapons testing|nuclear testing]] events in the 1950-60s, finding that growth bands are laid down annually. The study found an age of 50 years for a {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} female and 35 years for a 9.9m male.<ref name="ong" /> Various studies looking at vertebrae growth bands and measuring whale sharks in the wild have estimated their lifespans from ~80 years and up to ~130 years.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="fishbase" /><ref name=":5" />

Evidence suggests that males grow faster than females in the earlier stages of life but ultimately reach a smaller maximum size.<ref name=":7" /> Whale sharks exhibit late sexual maturity.<ref name="ong" /> One study looking at free-swimming whale sharks estimated the age at maturity in males at ~25 years.<ref name=":5" />

Pupping of whale sharks has not been observed, but mating has been witnessed twice in [[Saint Helena|St Helena]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clingham |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Brown |first2=Judith |last3=Henry |first3=Leeann |last4=Beard |first4=Annalea |last5=Dove |first5=Alistair D |title=Evidence that St. Helena island is an important multi-use habitat for whale sharks, Rhincodon typus , with the first description of putative mating in this species |date=2016 |url=https://peerj.com/preprints/1885|oclc=8162956757|doi=10.7287/peerj.preprints.1885v1 }}</ref> Mating in this species was filmed for the first time in whale sharks off [[Ningaloo Reef]] via airplane in Australia in 2019, when a larger male unsuccessfully attempted to mate with a smaller, immature female.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/65781-attempted-whale-shark-mating-world-first.html |title=Attempted Whale Shark Mating Caught on Camera for the First Time in History|website=livescience.com|date=24 June 2019}}</ref>

The capture of a ~{{convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} female in July 1996 that was pregnant with ~300 pups indicated that whale sharks are [[Ovoviviparity|ovoviviparous]].<ref name="fishbase" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joung |first1=Shoou-Jeng |s2cid=22250254 |display-authors=etal |date=July 1996 |title=The whale shark, ''Rhincodon typus'', is a livebearer: 300 embryos found in one 'megamamma' supreme |journal=Environ. Biol. Fish. |doi=10.1007/BF00004997 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=219–223 }}</ref><ref name="sharklady">{{cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Eugenie |author-link=Eugenie Clark |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.sharklady.com/faq.html#A12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010305073855/http://www.sharklady.com/faq.html#A12 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2001 |access-date=26 September 2006 |publisher=Sharklady }}</ref> The eggs remain in the body and the females give birth to live young which are {{convert|40|to|60|cm|abbr=on}} long. Evidence indicates the pups are not all born at once, but rather the female retains sperm from one mating and produces a steady stream of pups over a prolonged period.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=Jennifer V. |last2=Chen |first2=Chien-Chi |last3=Sheikh |first3=Saad I. |last4=Meekan |first4=Mark G. |last5=Norman |first5=Bradley M. |last6=Joung |first6=Shoou-Jeng |date=4 August 2010 |title=Paternity analysis in a litter of whale shark embryos |journal=Endangered Species Research |doi=10.3354/esr00300 |volume=12 |number=2 |pages=117–124|doi-access=free }}</ref>

On 7 March 2009, marine scientists in the Philippines discovered what is believed to be the smallest living specimen of the whale shark. The young shark, measuring only {{convert|38|cm|in|abbr=on}}, was found with its tail tied to a stake at a beach in [[Pilar, Sorsogon]], Philippines, and was released into the wild. Based on this discovery, some scientists no longer believe this area is just a feeding ground; this site may be a birthing ground, as well. Both young whale sharks and pregnant females have been seen in the waters of St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, where numerous whale sharks can be spotted during the summer.<ref name="Shark pup">{{cite web|title=Tiny whale shark rescued – World news – World environment |work=Associated Press via NBC News|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/29615174/ns/world_news-world_environment/t/rescued-baby-whale-shark-may-help-species/#.W3ocmLh9iUk |date=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2013 |title=St Helena whale sharks cause stir in Atlanta |publisher=South Atlantic Media Services |url=http://www.sams.sh/L3_news_131114_sthelena-whale-sharks-cause-stir-in-Atlanta-Georgia-USA-Elizabeth-clingham.html |access-date=12 May 2016}} {{dead link|date=November 2018}}</ref>

In a report from [[Rappler]] last August 2019, whale sharks were sighted during [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] [[Philippines]]’ photo identification activities in the first half of the year. There were a total 168 sightings – 64 of them “re-sightings” or reappearances of previously recorded whale sharks. WWF noted that “very young whale shark juveniles" were identified among the 168 individuals spotted in the first half of 2019. Their presence suggests that the [[Ticao Pass]] may be a pupping ground for whale sharks, further increasing the ecological significance of the area.<ref>{{cite news |title='Largest number in years': Over 100 new whale sharks spotted in Donsol |url=https://www.rappler.com/science-nature/environment/238898-increase-sighting-whale-sharks-donsol-sorsogon |access-date=4 March 2020 |publisher=Rappler.com |date=August 30, 2019}}</ref>

==Diet==
[[File:Whale Shark 1 AdF.jpg|thumb|Whale shark [[filter feeder|filtering]] [[plankton]] in Maldives]]
[[File:Whale6.jpg|thumb|left|A whale shark in the Philippines with [[remora]]s]]
[[File:Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) with open mouth in La Paz, Mexico.jpg|left|thumb|Whale shark with open mouth feeding in [[La Paz, Baja California Sur]], Mexico]]
The whale shark is a [[filter feeder]] – one of only three known filter-feeding shark species (along with the [[basking shark]] and the [[megamouth shark]]). It feeds on [[plankton]] including [[copepods]], [[krill]], [[fish eggs]], [[Christmas Island red crab]] larvae <ref name="Shark-cam captures ocean motion">{{cite news |last=Morelle |first=Rebecca |author-link=Rebecca Morelle |date=17 November 2008 |title=Shark-cam captures ocean motion |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7727136.stm |access-date=30 July 2009}}</ref> and small [[nekton]]ic life, such as small [[squid]] or [[fish]]. It also feeds on clouds of eggs during mass spawning of fish and corals.<ref name=JurassicShark/> The many rows of vestigial teeth play no role in feeding. Feeding occurs either by ram filtration, in which the animal opens its mouth and swims forward, pushing water and food into the mouth, or by active suction feeding, in which the animal opens and closes its mouth, sucking in volumes of water that are then expelled through the gills. In both cases, the filter pads serve to separate food from water. These unique, black sieve-like structures are presumed to be modified [[gill raker]]s. Food separation in whale sharks is by [[cross-flow filtration]], in which the water travels nearly parallel to the filter pad surface, not perpendicularly through it, before passing to the outside, while denser food particles continue to the back of the throat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Motta |first1=Philip J. |display-authors=etal |date=2010 |title=Feeding anatomy, filter-feeding rate, and diet of whale sharks ''Rhincodon typus'' during surface ram filter feeding off the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico |journal=Zoology |doi=10.1016/j.zool.2009.12.001 |pmid=20817493 |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=199–212 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/pdfs/Sharkfeedingpaper.pdf?noredirect=on |format=PDF}}</ref> This is an extremely efficient filtration method that minimizes fouling of the filter pad surface. Whale sharks have been observed "coughing", presumably to clear a build-up of particles from the filter pads. Whale sharks migrate to feed and possibly to breed.<ref name="fishbase"/><ref name="RQBM">{{cite web |last=Martin |first=R. Aidan |title=Elasmo Research |publisher=ReefQuest |url=http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/d_filter_feeding.htm |access-date=17 September 2006}}</ref><ref name="FLMNH">{{cite web |title=Whale shark |publisher=Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Whaleshark/whaleshark.html |access-date=17 September 2006 |date=11 May 2017 |archive-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905043610/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/whaleshark/whaleshark.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The whale shark is an active feeder, targeting concentrations of plankton or fish. It is able to ram filter feed or can gulp in a stationary position. This is in contrast to the passive feeding basking shark, which does not pump water. Instead, it swims to force water across its gills.<ref name="fishbase"/><ref name="RQBM" />

A juvenile whale shark is estimated to eat 21 kg (46 pounds) of plankton per day.<ref>{{cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Jennifer V. |date=4 December 2010 |title=Whale Sharks are BIG eaters! |publisher=The Shark Research Institute |url=http://www.sharks.org/blogs/science-blog/whale-sharks-are-big-eaters |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505211032/https://www.sharks.org/blogs/science-blog/whale-sharks-are-big-eaters |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The BBC program ''[[Planet Earth (2006 TV series)|Planet Earth]]'' filmed a whale shark feeding on a school of small fish. The same documentary showed footage of a whale shark timing its arrival to coincide with the mass spawning of fish shoals and feeding on the resultant clouds of eggs and sperm.<ref name=JurassicShark>''Jurassic Shark'' (2000) documentary by Jacinth O'Donnell; broadcast on [[Discovery Channel]], 5 August 2006</ref>

Whale sharks are known to prey on a range of planktonic and small nektonic organisms that are spatiotemporally patchy. These include krill, crab larvae, jellyfish, sardines, anchovies, mackerels, small tunas, and squid. In ram filter feeding, the fish swims forward at constant speed with its mouth fully open, straining prey particles from the water by forward propulsion. This is also called ‘passive feeding’, which usually occurs when prey is present at low density.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Rhincodon_typus/|title=Rhincodon typus (whale shark)|website=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>

Due their mode of feeding, whale sharks are susceptible to the ingestion of [[microplastics]]. As such, the presence of microplastics in whale shark scat was recently confirmed.<ref name="Yong 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Yong |first1=Mila Mi Hua |last2=Leistenschneider |first2=Clara |last3=Miranda |first3=Joni Anne |last4=Paler |first4=Maria Kristina |last5=Legaspi |first5=Christine |last6=Germanov |first6=Elitza |last7=Araujo |first7=Gonzalo |last8=Burkhardt-Holm |first8=Patricia |last9=Erni-Cassola |first9=Gabriel |title=Microplastics in fecal samples of whale sharks (''Rhincodon typus'') and from surface water in the Philippines |journal=Microplastics and Nanoplastics |date=2021 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=17 |doi=10.1186/s43591-021-00017-9}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Relationship with humans==
===Behavior toward divers===
[[File:Whaleshark in Oslob Philippines.png|thumb|left|In [[Oslob, Cebu|Oslob, Philippines]], whale sharks are fed shrimp to return every morning for tourists and divers.]]
Despite its size, the whale shark does not pose any danger to humans. Whale sharks are docile fish and sometimes allow swimmers to catch a ride,<ref name=FAO2>{{cite book |last=Compagno |first=Leonard J. V. |date=26 April 2002 |title=Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date: Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks |publisher=Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) |volume=2 |isbn=978-92-5-104543-5 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=cxxSN4YA2i8C|page=207}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Favorite Wins of 2013 |website=Break.com |page=1:24 |ref=BM1 |url=http://www.break.com/video/favorite-wins-of-2013-2548459 |access-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826234416/http://www.break.com/video/favorite-wins-of-2013-2548459 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>Robbins J. (18 July 2017). [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/watch-iranian-fisherman-surf-top-whale-shark-across-persian-gulf-1630845 Watch Iranian fisherman 'surf' on top of a whale shark across the Persian Gulf]. [[International Business Times]]. Retrieved on 29 September 2017</ref> although this practice is discouraged by shark scientists and conservationists because of the disturbance to the sharks.<ref>Whitehead, Darren Andrew (2014) [http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/14655/14094628-%20Whitehead%20Darren%20-%20Final%20MSc%20by%20Research%20submission.pdf?sequence=1 Establishing a quantifiable model of whale shark avoidance behaviours to anthropogenic impacts in tourism encounters to inform management actions], University of Hertfordshire.</ref> Younger whale sharks are gentle and can play with divers. Underwater photographers such as [[Fiona Ayerst]] have photographed them swimming close to humans without any danger.<ref name="content.time.com">[http://content.time.com/time/today-in-pictures/0,31511,1914578,00.html Pictures of the Day: Tuesday, Aug. 04, 2009]. ''Time magazine'', "A 40-foot whale shark and a brave snorkeler swim off the South African coast."</ref>

[[File:Whale Shark and Freediver.jpg|thumb|right|Swimming alongside an adult free diver]]
The shark is seen by divers in many places, including the [[Bay Islands Department|Bay Islands]] in Honduras, Thailand, Indonesia ([[Bone Bolango]], [[Cendrawasih Bay]]), the Philippines, the Maldives close to [[Maamingili (Alif Dhaal Atoll)|Maamigili]] (South Ari Atoll), the [[Red Sea]], Western Australia ([[Ningaloo Reef]], [[Christmas Island]]), Taiwan, Panama ([[Coiba Island]]), Belize, [[Tofo Beach]] in Mozambique, Sodwana Bay ([[Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park]]) in South Africa,<ref name="content.time.com"/> the [[Galapagos]] Islands, [[Saint Helena]], [[Isla Mujeres]] ([[Caribbean Sea]]), [[La Paz, Baja California Sur]] and [[Bahía de los Ángeles]] in [[Mexico]], the [[Seychelles]], [[West Malaysia]], islands off eastern [[peninsular Malaysia]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Oman]], [[Fujairah]], [[Puerto Rico]], and other parts of the [[Caribbean]].<ref name=FAO2/> Juveniles can be found near the shore in the [[Gulf of Tadjoura]], near [[Djibouti]], in the [[Horn of Africa]].<ref>Hawes, Craig (2 April 2013) [http://gulfnews.com/leisure/travel/destinations/snorkelling-with-whale-sharks-in-djibouti-1.1165717 Snorkelling with whale sharks in Djibouti]. gulfnews.com</ref>

===Conservation status===
There is currently no robust estimate of the global whale shark population. The species is considered [[Endangered species|endangered]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources|IUCN]] due to the impacts of fisheries, [[Bycatch|by-catch]] losses, and vessel strikes,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Womersley |first1=Freya C. |display-authors=etal |date=2022|title= Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world’s largest fish, the whale shark |journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |doi=10.1073/pnas.2117440119|pmid=35533277 |volume=119 |issue=20 |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2117440119}}</ref> combined with its long lifespan and late maturation.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> In June 2018 the New Zealand [[Department of Conservation (New Zealand)|Department of Conservation]] classified the whale shark as "Migrant" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs23entire.pdf|title=Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016|last1=Duffy|first1=Clinton A. J. |last2=Francis|first2=Malcolm|last3=Dunn|first3=M. R.|last4=Finucci|first4=Brit|last5=Ford|first5=Richard|last6=Hitchmough|first6=Rod|last7=Rolfe|first7=Jeremy|publisher=Department of Conservation|year=2018|isbn=9781988514628 |location=Wellington, New Zealand|pages=11|oclc=1042901090}}</ref>

It is listed, along with six other species of sharks, under the [[Bonn Convention|CMS]] [[Migratory Sharks MoU|Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Memorandum of understanding on the conservation of migratory sharks |publisher=Convention on migratory species |page=10 |url=http://www.cms.int/species/sharks/MoU/Migratory_Shark_MoU_Eng.pdf |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> In 1998, the Philippines banned all fishing, selling, importing, and exporting of whale sharks for commercial purposes,<ref>[http://hayop.0catch.com/1998-ws.htm Whale Sharks Receive Protection in the Philippines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216145805/http://hayop.0catch.com/1998-ws.htm |date=16 February 2020 }}. hayop.0catch.com. 27 March 1998</ref> followed by India in May 2001,<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/r-typus-issues/legal-status.html National Regulations on Whale Shark fishing]. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.</ref> and Taiwan in May 2007.<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2007/05/27/2003362648 COA bans fishing for whale sharks]. Taipei Times, 27 May 2007, p. 4.</ref>

In 2010, the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|Gulf of Mexico oil spill]] resulted in {{convert|4900000|oilbbl}} of oil flowing into an area south of the [[Mississippi River Delta]], where one-third of all whale shark sightings in the northern part of the gulf have occurred in recent years. Sightings confirmed that the whale sharks were unable to avoid the oil slick, which was situated on the surface of the sea where the whale sharks feed for several hours at a time. No dead whale sharks were found.<ref>Handwerk, Brian (24 September 2010) [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/100924-whale-sharks-gulf-oil-spill-science-environment/ Whale Sharks Killed, Displaced by Gulf Oil?] National Geographic News.</ref>

This species was also added to [[CITES Appendix II|Appendix II]] of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([[CITES]]) in 2003 to regulate the international trade of live specimens and its parts.<ref>[http://www.cites.org/eng/gallery/species/fish/whale_shark.html Whale shark]. cites.org</ref>

Hundreds of whale sharks are illegally killed every year in China for their fins, skins, and oil.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-05/an-hundreds-of-sharks-killed-annually-in-illegal-trade-in-china/5239568 | title=Hundreds of sharks killed in China| newspaper=ABC News| date=5 February 2014| last1=Hilton/Greenpeace| first1=Paul}}</ref>

===In captivity===
[[File:Male whale shark at Georgia Aquarium.jpg|thumb|right|A whale shark in the [[Georgia Aquarium]]|alt=Aquarium photograph of a whale shark in profile with human-shaped shadows in foreground]]

The whale shark is popular in the few [[public aquarium]]s that keep it, but its large size means that a very large tank is required and it has specialized feeding requirements.<ref name=Matsumoto2017>{{cite book |last1=Matsumoto |last2=Toda |last3=Matsumoto |last4=Ueda |last5=Nakazato |last6=Sato |last7=Uchida |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Mark |editor2-last=Warmolts |editor3-last=Thoney |editor4-last=Hueter |editor5-last=Murray |editor6-last=Ezcurra |title=The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual II|date=2017 |publisher=Ohio Biological Survey |isbn=9780867271676 |oclc=1001957014 |language=en |chapter=Notes on Husbandry of Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, in Aquaria|pages=15–22}}</ref> Their large size and iconic status have also fueled an opposition to keeping the species in captivity, especially after the early death of some whale sharks in captivity and certain Chinese aquariums keeping the species in relatively small tanks.<ref>{{cite news| title=Whale Shark's Death Sparks Debate | url=http://www.wsbtv.com/news/13500648/detail.html | publisher=wsbtv | date=30 November 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325075019/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/13500648/detail.html | archive-date=25 March 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Moore2011>{{cite news| author=Moore, M. | title=Conservationists round on Chinese whale shark aquarium | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8848298/Conservationists-round-on-Chinese-whale-shark-aquarium.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8848298/Conservationists-round-on-Chinese-whale-shark-aquarium.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | publisher=The Telegraph | date=25 October 2010 | access-date=8 November 2017 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
[[File:Okinawa Aquarium.jpg|thumb|left|Whale sharks at the [[Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium]], Japan]]

The first attempt at keeping whale sharks in captivity was in 1934 when an individual was kept for about four months in a netted-off natural bay in [[Izu Province|Izu]], Japan.<ref name=Mollet2012>{{cite web | author=Mollet, H. | date=September 2012 | title=Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 in Captivity | url=http://elasmollet.org/Rt/Rt_captive.html | access-date=8 November 2017 }}</ref> The first attempt of keeping whale sharks in an aquarium was initiated in 1980 by the [[Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium]] (then known as Okinawa Ocean Expo Aquarium) in Japan.<ref name=Matsumoto2017/> Since 1980, several have been kept at Okinawa, mostly obtained from incidental catches in coastal nets set by fishers (none after 2009), but two were strandings. Several of these were already weak from the capture/stranding and some were released,<ref name=Matsumoto2017/> but initial captive survival rates were low.<ref name=Moore2011/> After the initial difficulties in maintaining the species had been resolved, some have survived long-term in captivity.<ref name=Matsumoto2017/> The record for a whale shark in captivity is an individual that, as of 2021, has lived for more than 26 years in the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium from Okinawa Ocean Expo Aquarium.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://churaumi.okinawa/userfiles/files/about/research/r2_nepou.pdf |title=令和二年度沖縄美ら海水族館年報|publisher=Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium|access-date=2021-05-28}}</ref><ref name=Matsumoto2017/> Following Okinawa, [[Osaka Aquarium]] started keeping whale sharks and most of the basic research on the keeping of the species was made at these two institutions.<ref name=Schreiber2017>{{cite book |last1=Schreiber|first1=C |last2=Coco|first2=C |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Mark |editor2-last=Warmolts |editor3-last=Thoney |editor4-last=Hueter |editor5-last=Murray |editor6-last=Ezcurra |title=The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual II|date=2017 |publisher=Ohio Biological Survey |isbn=9780867271676 |oclc=1001957014 |language=en |chapter=Husbandry of Whale Sharks |pages=87–98}}</ref>

Since the mid-1990s, several other aquariums have kept the species in Japan ([[Kagoshima Aquarium]], [[Kinosaki]] Marine World, [[Notojima Aquarium]], [[Ōita Prefecture|Oita]] Ecological Aquarium, and [[Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise]]), South Korea ([[Aqua Planet Jeju]]), China ([[Chimelong Ocean Kingdom]], [[Dalian]] Aquarium, [[Guangzhou]] Aquarium in Guangzhou Zoo, [[Qingdao]] Polar Ocean World and [[Yantai]] Aquarium), Taiwan ([[National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium]]), India (Thiruvananthapuram Aquarium) and Dubai ([[Atlantis, The Palm]]), with some maintaining whale sharks for years and others only for a very short period.<ref name=Mollet2012/> The whale shark kept at Dubai's Atlantis, The Palm was rescued from shallow waters in 2008 with extensive abrasions to the fins and after rehabilitation it was released in 2010, having lived 19 months in captivity.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=20 March 2010 |title=Dubai hotel releases whale shark back into the wild |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/hotels/2010-03-20-dubai-whale-shark-release_N.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807010950/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/hotels/2010-03-20-dubai-whale-shark-release_N.htm |archive-date=7 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=Bennett2017>{{cite book |last1=Bennett |last2=Kaiser |last3=Selvan |last4=Hueter |last5=Tyminski |last6=Lötter|editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Mark |editor2-last=Warmolts |editor3-last=Thoney |editor4-last=Hueter |editor5-last=Murray |editor6-last=Ezcurra |title=The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual II|date=2017 |publisher=Ohio Biological Survey |isbn=9780867271676 |oclc=1001957014 |language=en |chapter=Rescue, Rehabilitation and Release of a Whale Shark, Rhincodon typus, in the Arabian Gulf |pages=229–235}}</ref> [[Marine Life Park]] in Singapore had planned on keeping whale sharks, but scrapped this idea in 2009.<ref>{{cite news| author=Chua, G. | title=No whale sharks at Sentosa IR | url=http://wildsingaporenews.blogspot.dk/2009/05/no-whale-sharks-at-sentosa-ir.html#.WgNR_JDcCf0 | publisher=Wild Singapore News | date=16 May 2009 | access-date=8 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=AsianOne Travel |date=16 May 2009 |title=Resorts World considering alternatives to whale shark exhibit |url=http://www.asiaone.com/Travel/News/Story/A1Story20090516-141880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609102739/http://www.asiaone.com/Travel/News/Story/A1Story20090516-141880.html |archive-date=9 June 2013}}</ref>

Outside Asia, the first and so far only place to keep whale sharks is [[Georgia Aquarium]] in [[Atlanta]], United States.<ref name=Mollet2012/> This is unusual because of the comparatively long transport time and complex logistics required to bring the sharks to the aquarium, ranging between 28 and 36 hours.<ref name=Schreiber2017/> Georgia keeps two whale sharks: two males, Taroko and Yushan, who both arrived in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 June 2007 |title=Aquarium gains two new whale sharks |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/06/01/aquarium.whale.sharks.ap/index.html |access-date=1 June 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603085148/http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/06/01/aquarium.whale.sharks.ap/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2007}}</ref> Two earlier males at Georgia Aquarium, Ralph and Norton, both died in 2007.<ref name=Moore2011/> Trixie died in 2020. Alice died in 2021. Georgia's whale sharks were all imported from Taiwan and were taken from the commercial fishing quota for the species, usually used locally for food.<ref name=Schreiber2017/><ref name=Sundquist2013>{{cite news| author=Sundquist, T. | title=Transporting the World's Largest Fish: A Whale [Shark] of a Task | url=https://www.promegaconnections.com/transporting-the-worlds-largest-fish-a-whale-shark-of-a-task/ | publisher=Promega Connections | date=18 September 2013 | access-date=8 November 2017 }}</ref> Taiwan closed this fishery entirely in 2008.<ref name=Sundquist2013/>

===Human culture===
[[File:Nadando con un Tiburón Ballena- Swimming with a Whale Shark.ogv|thumb|Snorkelling with whale shark near Isla Mujeres (Mexico) 30 August 2011]]
In [[Madagascar]], whale sharks are called {{lang|mg|marokintana}} in [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], meaning "many stars", after the appearance of the markings on the shark's back.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madagascar emerges as whale shark hotspot |journal=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44151782 |access-date=12 September 2018|date=17 May 2018 |last1=Briggs |first1=Helen }}</ref>

In the Philippines, it is called {{lang|fil|butanding}} and {{lang|fil|balilan}}.<ref>[http://www.oneocean.org/ambassadors/sharks/index.html Ocean Ambassadors – Sharks]. Oneocean.org. Retrieved 23 May 2013.</ref> The whale shark is featured on the reverse of the Philippine 100-peso bill. By law snorkelers must maintain a distance of {{cvt|4|ft}} from the sharks and there is a fine and possible prison sentence for anyone who touches the animals.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cannon |first=Marisa |date=21 July 2015 |title=Swimming with whale sharks in the Philippines |website=cnn.com |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/05/travel/whale-shark-oslob/index.html |access-date=16 August 2015}}</ref>

Whale sharks are also known as {{transl|ja|jinbei-zame}} in [[Japan]] (because the markings resemble patterns typically seen on {{transl|ja|[[jinbei]]}}); {{lang|id|gurano bintang}} in [[Indonesia]]; and {{lang|vi|ca ong}} (literally "sir fish") in [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Whale Shark |publisher=Discovery.com |url=http://dsc.discovery.com/sharks/whale-shark.html |access-date=3 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304012722/http://dsc.discovery.com/sharks/whale-shark.html |archive-date=4 March 2009|date=5 September 2013 }}</ref>

The whale shark is also featured on the latest 2015–2017 edition of the Maldivian 1000 [[rufiyaa]] banknote, along with the [[green turtle]].

==See also==
{{Outline|Outline of sharks}}
* [[List of sharks]]
* [[List of threatened sharks]]
* {{Portal-inline|Sharks}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Smith, 1828">{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Andrew |title=Descriptions of New or imperfectly known Objects of the Animal Kingdom, found in the South of Africa |work=[[The South African Commercial Advertiser]] |volume=3 |number=145 |date=5 November 1828 |via=[[Center for Research Libraries]] Document Delivery System |url-access=subscription |url=https://dds.crl.edu/item/30451}} Reprinted in {{harvtxt|Penrith|1972}}.</ref>
<ref name="Penrith, 1972">{{cite journal|last1=Penrith|first1=M. J.|title=Earliest Description and Name for the Whale Shark|journal=Copeia|date=1972|volume=1972|issue=2|pages=362|jstor=1442501|doi=10.2307/1442501}}</ref>
<ref name="Melville, 1984">{{cite journal|last1=Melville|first1=R. V.|title=Opinion 1278. The Generic Name ''Rhincodon'' A. Smith, 1829 (Pisces): Conserved|journal=The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature|date=1981|volume=41|issue=4|pages=215–217|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12228798}}</ref>
<ref name="Smith, 1829">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Andrew|title=Contributions to the Natural History of South Africa, &c|journal=The Zoological Journal|date=1829|volume=4|pages=443–444|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2310852}}</ref>
<ref name="Müller & Henle, 1841">{{cite book|last1=Müller|first1=J.|last2=Henle|first2=J.|title=Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen|date=1841|publisher=Veit und Comp|location=Berlin|page=77|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6352988}}</ref>
}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |author=Colman, J.G. |title=A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark |journal=J. Fish Biol. |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=1219–34 |date=December 1997 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01138.x|pmid=29991171 }}
* [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2801/en FAO web page on Whale shark]
* {{Cite web |title=Whale Sharks, Whale Shark Pictures, Whale Shark Facts |work=Animals, Animal Pictures, Wild Animal Facts |url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/whale-shark/|date=10 September 2010 }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rhincodon typus|Whale sharks}}
{{Wikispecies|Rhincodon typus|Whale sharks}}
* [http://www.whaleshark.org/ Whale Shark Photograph-identification Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205050236/http://wsorc.org/ Whale Shark And Oceanic Research Center]
* [http://www.maldiveswhalesharkresearch.org/ Maldives Whale Shark Research Program]
* [http://www.qatarvisitor.com/index.php?cID=430&pID=1616 Whale Sharks: Gentle Giants of the Seas]
* [http://marinemegafauna.org/ Foundation for the Protection of Marine Megafauna]
* {{marinebio|id=47|name=Whale shark, Rhincodon typus}}
* [http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Documents/recreational_fishing/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_whale_shark.pdf Whale Shark Fact Sheet, Fisheries Western Australia]
* [http://wetpixel.com/i.php/full/albino-whale-shark-photographed-in-ecuador Albino whale shark photographed in Galapagos]
* [http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/whale-shark Photographs National Geographic]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7727136.stm A whale shark recorded defecating]
* {{SealifePhotos|105847}}

{{Sharks|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q80378}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Good article}}

[[Category:Rhincodontidae| ]]
[[Category:Ovoviviparous fish]]
[[Category:Pantropical fish]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1828|whale shark]]
[[Category:Apex predators]]
[[Category:Fish of North America]]
[[Category:Fish of Central America]]
[[Category:Fish of Australia]]
[[Category:Fish of Asia]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Maldives]]
[[Category:National symbols of India]]
[[Category:Fish of Africa]]
[[Category:Extant Oligocene first appearances]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Talk:Whale shark

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Rhincondon typus

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#Redirect [[Whale shark]]

Rosa Polyantha

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[[Image:Maldivian National Flower (5780948545).jpg|thumb|Maldivian Finifenmaa.]]
The '''Pink rose''' or '''Finifenmaa''' ''(Polyantha rosa)'' the name of this class literally means "many-flowered", from the Greek "poly" ("many") and "anthos" ("flower"). Originally derived from crosses between two East Asian species, ''[[Rosa chinensis]]'' and ''[[Rosa multiflora]]'', polyanthas first appeared in France in the late 19th century alongside the hybrid teas. They are short plants, some compact and others spreading in habit, producing tiny blooms (2.5 cm or 1 inch in diameter on average) in large sprays in the typical rose colours of white, pink, and red. Their popularity derived from their prolific blooming: from spring to autumn; a healthy polyantha shrub truly might be covered in flowers, making a strong colour impact in the landscape.

Polyantha roses are still popular and regarded as low-maintenance, disease-resistant, garden roses. The class of roses denominated "Multiflora Hybrids" are probably cognizable as polyanthas. Examples include [[Rosa 'Cécile Brünner']], [[Rosa 'Perle d'Or'|'Perle d'Or']], 'Pink Fairy', and 'Red Fairy'. Within the [[Maldives]] it is the '''National flower of The [[Maldives]]'''. '''Finifenmaa''' was declared the National Flower on 25th July 1985 (07th Dh'ul Q'aidhaa 1405 AH).

{{biology-stub}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Roses]]
[[Category:Garden plants]]
[[Category:Rose gardens| ]]
[[Category:National symbols of the Maldives]]