Jalal Baba

2021-08-31T22:15:50Z

2607:FEA8:D5E5:D100:198B:C7E4:C921:E0: /* Jalal Baba auditorium */

{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Khan Jalaluddin Khan Jalal Baba|
| office1 = 8th [[Interior Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Interior]]
| term_start1 = 18 March 1958
| term_end1 = 14 October 1958
| president1 =
| primeminister1 = [[Feroz Khan Noon]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur]]
| successor1 = [[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Hussain]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1901|03|05|}}
| birth_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1981|01|23|1901|06|16|}}
| death_place = [[Abbottabad]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]
| party = [[All-India Muslim League]] (1934-1956)<br />[[Republican Party of Pakistan|Republican Party (Pakistan)]] (1956-1958)
| image = Jalal Baba's portrait.jpg
}}
'''Khan Jalaluddin Khan''' ([[Urdu]]: جلال الدین, 3 March 1901 – 21 January 1981), aka '''Jalal Baba ([[Urdu]]: '''جلال بابا'''),''' was a [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] stalwart and a [[Pakistan movement]] activist who served as the 8th [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Interior Minister of Pakistan]] under the Premiership of [[Feroz Khan Noon]].<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=Dawn1/>

==Early life==
Born in [[Abbottabad]], Hazara, Jalaluddin started his career as a driver for the British and rose to become a leading transporter. He joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] in 1935 and in 1939 K.B. Jalal Baba was elected as the president of the Hazara District Muslim League. He held office as an unopposed president for fourteen years and remained the President until 1953. The Muslim League gained strength of popularity in Hazara under his apt leadership.

The government was highly impressed by the qualities of leadership displayed by Jalal Baba in Hazara and Sarhad Province. Hence, to win his support allegiance, the Viceroy of India conferred upon him, first the title Khan Sahib, then after some time that of Khan Bahadur. These were highly coveted titles and regarded as marks of great distinction and pride. But Jalal Baba never prided himself as being a British titleholder. When the occasion demanded, he was the first to renounce his titles. He was among the first ones to renounce his titles given by the British in 1946 and was widely regarded as the "Winner of Referendum" in 1947.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1230624 |date=4 January 2016|title=CPEC to generate economic activity in Hazara: governor|work=Dawn|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=GoogleBooks>{{cite book|author=Sayyid Vaqār ʻAlī Shāh|title=Muslim League in N.W.F.P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqpHAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Royal Book Company|isbn=978-969-407-135-0}</ref>

The future of any other political party in Hazara besides the Muslim League remained bleak due to the influence of K.B. Jalal Baba. He was a Muslim Leaguer first and last. It is an undeniable fact, that the people of Hazara in the Sarhad Province, who were at present divided and have lost their prestige and political awareness, were united under the green flag of the Muslim League. The courageous leadership of Jalal Baba had brought people with divergent and conflicting views and representing different castes such as Dhond, Tanoli, Pathan, Syed, Awan, Swati, and Tareen, etc. together. He played a vital role in unifying these scattered groups into one. Consequently, the Hazara Muslim League was made a stone citadel and a stronghold of the All India Muslim League.

His father Sheikh Ghulam Mohammad was a blacksmith who had migrated to this part of undivided India in the band of Mujahedeen under the banner of [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]] before the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 War of Independence]]. Khan Jalaluddin was brought up in a middle-class family of Abbottabad. Before matriculation, he left his school in 1919, and joined the 'Hijrat Movement' of [[protest emigration]] and left for [[Kabul]], Afghanistan. He came back to Hazara from [[Landi Kotal]] after the movement was called off.<ref name=GoogleBooks/>

==Political career==
Jalal Baba had a prominent position among the Muslim League workers who offered the founder of Pakistan [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] sincere support and remained loyal to him till the end of the Pakistan movement.

Jalal Baba was among the first ones to initiate the 'Direct Action' in the struggle for Pakistan by moving a resolution in the All-India Muslim League meeting in July 1946, recommending the renunciation of titles, conferred by the British Government.

Again when in July 1947, the Muslim League launched the civil disobedience movement, Jalal Baba was among the first ones to court arrest from Hazara followed by others in such large numbers that the jails were filled to capacity with the political internees. He was released from jail only after the declaration of independence and the establishment of Pakistan on 14 August 1947.

It was not before the late 1930s that Jalal Baba had established himself as a recognized businessman and a social worker of Hazara. Now he could afford to enter the field of politics. Jalal Baba joined the Muslim League in 1937, at Abbottabad in the first public meeting held at the Company Bagh, while [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] accompanied by Saadullah Khan was presiding over the meeting. His political efforts led to his [[nickname]] 'Jalal Baba' (which means an elder, wise man, or expert in the local [[Hindko]] language ) and he was elected Hazara District President in 1940. He held the office for almost 21 years.<ref name=Dawn1/><ref name=SlideDocuments>[https://slidedocuments.org/philosophy-of-the-money.html Profile of Jalal Baba on SLIDEDOCUMENTS website] Published 23 December 2017, Retrieved 12 July 2018</ref>

Jalal Baba, by now an eminent figure in the provincial political circles, raised his voice at the most crucial juncture. The reorganization of the Muslim League resulted in a big change in the political ranks of British Indians. The seeds of the Hazara branch of the Muslim League were sown by him. He further nourished it. After joining the Muslim League, he emerged as the league's leader in Hazara.<ref name=Dawn1/> He held the office as unopposed president for twenty-one years. The Hazara Muslim League acquired great strength and popularity under his leadership. He had also been the vice-president of the Provincial Muslim League and a member of the All-India Muslim League Council.<ref name=SlideDocuments/>

When the British Government conferred titles on Jalal Baba, the Muslim League was in the initial stages of taking root in the N.W.F.P Province. In view of his personal influence in his native Abbottabad area, the Muslim League leaders assigned Jalal Baba the task of its organization there. He received support and co-operation from the middle and lower-middle-class people who then comprised the majority of the local population, as he himself had belonged to them. People gathered around him and turned his transport office into a political office. From all over Hazara, the Muslim League workers used to visit him in order to receive his directives on organizational matters.<ref name=SlideDocuments/>

===Hazara Muslim League===
From the early 1930s onwards, the people of Hazara gradually became active in the freedom movement for an independent Pakistan under the active leadership of renowned All India Muslim League leaders such as [[Abdul Majid Khan Tarin]] of Talokar (1877–1939), an early member of the (then) Frontier Legislative Assembly, and others. Even before the [[All-India Muslim League]], started its movement for Pakistan in 1937, after the historic Lucknow Session of October that year, the Hazara Muslim League was properly formed and convened at the residence of Noor-Ud-Din Qureshi in Abbottabad in 1936. In this meeting, the leaders of the All-India Muslim League, Nawab [[Bahadur Yar Jang]], [[Maulana Shaukat Ali]], Hamid Badayuni, and others came from India. The local people joined the movement in large numbers. In the 1939 elections for the [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]] Muslim League, Khan Jalaluddin Khan was elected as the President of the Hazara Muslim League. During the final phase of the movement for the creation of Pakistan, Captain Sardar Zain Muhammad Khan, OBI, and Khan Jalaluddin Jalal Baba defeated their Congress rivals in the elections of 1946 from their respective rural and urban Constituencies and politically routed the All India Congress from the region. In the Delhi Convention of Muslim League parliamentarians chaired by [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], which finally voted for the division of India and the creation of Pakistan, Capt. Sardar Zain Muhammad Khan represented Hazara. These Muslim League Leaders were also able to mobilize the people of this area in favor of the referendum for the creation of Pakistan.

Sometime before the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, [[Muhammad Farid Khan|Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli]] (KBE) of [[Amb (princely state)|Amb]] State also developed good relations with Jinnah and Nawabzada [[Liaqat Ali Khan]]as a politic move. His correspondence and letters to and from Jinnah are available in Pakistan's archival records<ref>Quaid-I-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: First Series, Volume III: On the Threshold of Pakistan, July 1–25, 1947
By Mahomed Ali Jinnah, Series Editor, Prof Dr. Z. H. Zaidi
Edition: illustrated
Published by Oxford University Press, 1997
Original from the University of Michigan
Digitized 29 August 2008
{{ISBN|978-969-8156-07-7}}
1120 pages
</ref><ref>Frontier of Faith: Islam in the Indo-Afghan borderland
By Sana Haroon
Edition: illustrated
Published by Columbia University Press, 2008
{{ISBN|978-0-231-70013-9}}
254 pages
In 1947 the Nawab of Amb, Mohammad Farid Khan, acceded to Pakistan by signing the Instrument of Accession of his State, in favour of Pakistan</ref>

==Referendum in NWFP==
Jalal-ud-Din Khan's services during the Pakistan movement were too numerous to be recounted. He staked all his belongings for the achievement of Pakistan. After the Direct Action of 1946, the movement for Pakistan entered a crucial stage. In NWFP, the Red Shirt Leaders were blowing their own trumpet. They raised the "Pukhtoonistan" slogan, backed by [[Russia]], [[Afghanistan]] and [[India]]. NWFP was the stronghold of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and it had also gained some influence locally after the 1946 provincial elections. So it started creating some trouble regarding the future of the Muslims of this Province. In order to decide whether NWFP should form part of the dominion of India or Pakistan, a referendum was held by the British government.<ref name=Dawn1>[https://www.dawn.com/news/495658 Excerpt: Between Dreams And Realities] Dawn (newspaper), Published 11 October 2009, Retrieved 12 July 2018</ref>
On 18 June 1947, [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] set up a Commission to see that the cause of the Muslim League was upheld successfully in the upcoming Referendum. He himself was the Chairman of the commission. The other members of the commission were [[I.I. Chundrigar]], [[Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan]], Khan Jalaluddin Khan Jalal Baba, Raja Haider Zaman, and [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]. The Referendum lasted from 6 July 1947 to 17 July 1947. Jalal Baba worked from dawn to dusk for the Referendum, provided funds, and, being a transporter and transport contractor, used his transport for this purpose.

In NWFP, 90 percent of the votes cast were polled in favor of Pakistan.<ref name=Dawn1/> However, the Red Shirt Party (later named [[National Awami Party]]) boycotted the referendum.<ref name=Dawn1/> From Hazara alone, 99% of the Muslim votes were cast in favor of Pakistan. Almost thirty percent of the total votes polled were from Hazara.
Inayat-ur-Rahman Khan Abbasi {{who|date=January 2018}} quoted:
"Khan Bahadur Jalal-ud-Din Khan was undoubtedly an organization in himself. Keeping in view his loyalty and services towards the country and the nation he deserved to be buried near Quaid-i-Azam’s Tomb. He was a veteran leader of the sub-continent in general and of NWFP in particular. It is not wrong to call him the Winner of the Referendum".<ref name=Dawn/>

==Jalal Baba auditorium==
[[File:Jalal Baba Auditorium.jpg|thumb|Jalal Baba Auditorium]]
In [[Abbottabad]], Pakistan, there is a 'Jalal Baba Auditorium' spanning an area of 8.75 acres, built with a cost of Rs 27.5 million, in recognition of his services to Pakistan. This auditorium has a seating capacity of 500 to 700 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/197116/government-negligence-in-abbottabad-the-forgotten-jalal-baba-auditorium/ |author=Nishaa Ishtiak|date=27 June 2011|title=Government negligence: In Abbottabad, the forgotten Jalal Baba auditorium|newspaper=The Express Tribune|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title= President of [[Hazara, Pakistan]] Muslim League
|years= 1939–1953
|before= [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]]|
after=[[Abdul Qayyum Khan]]}}

{{succession box |title=[[Interior Minister of Pakistan]]
|years=1958–1958
|before= [[Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur]]|
after=[[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Hussain]]}}
{{end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pQ8KMzichU Discussion videoclip about Jalal Baba on Geo News Khabarnak TV show - YouTube]
*[https://www.facebook.com/JalalBabaOfficial/?ref=bookmarks Jalal Baba's Official Page on Facebook]
*[http://www.radio.gov.pk/programme/18-06-2019/documentary-about-jalal-baba-auditorium-abbottabad Radio Pakistan Documentary]
{{Interior Minister of Pakistan}}
{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baba, Jalal-ud-din Jalal}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:All India Muslim League members]]
[[Category:Interior Ministers of Pakistan]]
[[Category:People from Abbottabad]]
[[Category:Hindkowan people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from the North-West Frontier Province]]

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Jalal Baba