List of water deities

2021-11-04T23:20:28Z

2607:FEA8:91DF:F838:7D24:4408:E7E4:9528: /* Irish */

{{Short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
[[File:Gaziantep Zeugma Museum Water gods mosaic 8199.jpg|thumb|300px|Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. [[Zeugma Mosaic Museum]], [[Gaziantep]], Turkey]]
A '''water deity''' is a [[deity]] in [[mythology]] associated with [[Water and religion|water]] or various [[Body of water|bodies of water]]. Water deities are common in mythology and were usually more important among civilizations in which the sea or ocean, or a great river was more important. Another important focus of worship of water deities has been springs or [[holy well]]s.

As a form of [[animal worship]], [[whale]]s and [[snake]]s (hence [[dragon]]s) have been regarded as godly deities throughout the world (other animals are such as [[turtle]]s, fish, crabs, and [[shark]]s). In Asian lore, whales and dragons sometimes have connections.<ref>{{cite journal|authors=謝婧, 下園知弥, 宮崎克則|year=2015|title=明清時代の中国における鯨資源の利用|url=http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/museum/wp-content/uploads/2015/publish/kiyou3.pdf|journal=西南学院大学博物館研究紀要第3号|pages=9–14|publisher=[[Seinan Gakuin University]]|format=pdf|access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> [[Serpent (symbolism)|Serpents are also common as a symbol]] or [[Snake worship|as serpentine deities]], sharing many similarities with dragons.

== Africa and the Middle East ==

=== Sub-Sahara Africa ===
==== Western Niger-Congo ====
'''Benin'''
* [[Ezili]], goddess of sweet water, beauty, and love.

'''Dogon'''
*[[Nommos]], amphibious spirits that are worshiped as ancestors.

'''Serer'''
*[[Mindiss]] (or Mindis) is not a deity in [[Serer religion]], but a [[pangool]] with goddess–like attributes. She is a female protector of the [[Fatick Region]]. Offerings are made in her name at the [[Sine River|River Sine]]. She appears to humans in the form of a [[manatee]],<ref>Kalis, Simone, ''Médecine traditionnelle, religion et divination ches les Seereer Siin du Sénégal'' –La connaissance de la nuit, [[L’Harmattan]] (1997), p. 123, {{ISBN|2-7384-5196-9}}</ref> She is one of the best known ''fangool'' (singular of ''pangool''). She possess the attributes of a typical ''water fangool'', yet at the same time, she is a ''blood fangool''.<ref>[[Henry Gravrand|Gravrand, Henry]], ''La Civilisation Sereer – ''[[Pangool]]'', vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990), p. 327, {{ISBN|2-7236-1055-1}}</ref> The Senegalese Ministry of Culture added the ''Mbind Ngo Mindiss'' site to its list of monuments and historic sites in [[Fatick]]. It is the site where offerings are made, situated on the [[Inlet|arms of the sea]] which bears her name, in the [[Kingdom of Sine|Sine]].<ref>REPUBLIC DU SENEGAL, SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNMENT (JOURNAL OFFICIEL) : ''MINISTERE DE LA CULTURE ET DU PATRIMOINE HISTORIQUE CLASSE'', ''ARRETE MINISTERIEL n° 2711 mcphc-dpc en date du 3 mai 2006'', [http://www.jo.gouv.sn/spip.php?article4607]</ref>

'''Yoruba'''
* [[Oshun]], a river orisha.
* [[Olokun]], an ocean orisha.
* [[Yemoja]], a river orisha and ocean orisha as well in new world Yoruba religions.

'''Lugandan'''
* [[Sezibwa]], goddess of the [[Sezibwa River]].

'''Batonga'''
* [[Nyami Nyami]], a river spirit of the Batonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

'''Kongo'''
* [[Bunzi]], goddess of rain, rainbow and waters.
* Chicamassichinuinji, king of oceans.
* [[Mami Wata|Funza]], goddess of waters, twin phenomenon and malformations in children. Wife of Mbumba.
* [[Kalunga line|Kalunga]], god of death and border between world of Alives and world of dead.
* Kimbazi, goddess of sea storms.
* Kuitikuiti, serpent god of Congo river.
* Lusunzi, god of spring and waters.
* [[Mami Wata|Mamba Muntu]], goddesses of waters and sexuality.
* Makanga.
* Mbantilanda.
* Mbumba, rainbow serpent of terrestrial waters and warriors.
* Mboze.
* [[Bunzi|Mpulu Bunzi]], god of rain and waters.
* Mundele, albino gods of the sea.
* [[Simbi|Simbi dia Maza]], nymphs or goddesses of waters, lakes and rivers.

=== Afroasiatic Middle East ===
''Hamito-Semitic regions of North Africa, Arabia, and the Levant.''

==== Canaanite ====
* [[Yam (god)]], god of the sea.

==== Egyptian ====
*[[Anuket]], goddess of the Nile and nourisher of the fields.
*Bairthy, goddess of water and was depicted with a small pitcher balanced on her head, holding a long spear-like sceptre.
*[[Hapi (Nile god)|Hapi]], god of the annual flooding of the Nile.
*[[Khnum]], god of the Nile.
*[[Nephthys]], goddess of rivers, death, mourning, the dead, and night.
*[[Nu (mythology)|Nu]], uncreated god, personification of the primordial waters.
*[[Osiris]], god of the dead and afterlife; originally a god of water and vegetation.
*[[Satet]], goddess of the Nile River's floods.
*[[Sobek]], god of the Nile river, depicted as a crocodile or a man with the head of a crocodile.
*[[Tefnut]], goddess of water, moisture, and fertility.

==== Hebrew ====
* [[Leviathan]], sea serpent.

==== Mesopotamian ====
* [[Abzu]], god of fresh water, father of all other gods.
* [[Enbilulu]], god of rivers and canals.
* [[Enki]], god of water and of the river [[Tigris]].
* [[Marduk]], god associated with water, vegetation, judgment, and magic.
* [[Nammu]], goddess of the primeval sea.
* [[Nanshe]], goddess of the [[Persian Gulf]], justice, prophecy, fertility and fishing.
* [[Tiamat]], goddess of salt water and chaos, also mother of all gods.
* [[Sirsir]], god of mariners.

== Europe ==
=== Balto-Slavic ===
==== Lithuanian ====
*[[Bangpūtys]], god of sea and storm.
*[[Laumė]], goddess of wild spaces, including waters.

==== Slavic ====
* [[Kostroma (deity)|Kostroma]], goddess of fertility. After discovering that her husband, Kupala, is her brother, she jumped into the forest lake (in other legends into the river Ra). After her death, she became a [[mavka]] (or rusalka).
* [[Mat Zemlya|Mati-syra-zemla]], moist mother, also the earth goddess.
* [[Mokosh]], moistness, lady of waters, goddess of moisture.
* [[Dodola]], goddess of rain.
* Morskoy Tsar, the god and king of the sea.
* [[Moryana]], a giant female sea spirit.
* [[Rusalka|Rusalki]], female ghosts, water nymphs, succubi or mermaid-like demons that dwell in waterways.
* [[Veles (god)|Veles]], god of earth, waters, and the underworld.
* [[Vodyanoi]], water demon who lived in lakes and rivers.

=== Celtic ===
*[[Belisama]], goddess of lakes and rivers, fire, crafts, and light.
*[[Grannus]], a god associated with spas, the sun, fires and healing thermal and mineral springs.
*[[Nantosuelta]], river goddess of fire, the earth, healing, and fertility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://journeyingtothegoddess.wordpress.com/2012/02/11/goddess-nantosuelta/|title=Goddess Nantosuelta|date=11 February 2012}}</ref>
*[[Nodens]], god associated with healing, the sea, hunting and dogs.
*[[Damona]], water goddess associated with healing and rivers
*[[Selkie]]
*[[Llŷr]]

==== English Folklore ====
[[File:Father Thames outside Ham House.jpg|thumb|right|Late 18th-century statue of Father Thames by [[John Bacon (sculptor, born 1740)|John Bacon]] the elder at [[Ham House]], near [[Richmond, London|Richmond]], London]]
*Father Thames, human manifestation and/or guardian of the [[River Thames]] that flows through Southern England, while his ancient worship is obscure, he has become a popular symbol of the river in modern times, it being the subject of the song "Old Father Thames" and the model of several statues and reliefs scattered around [[London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Who Is Old Father Thames? |url=https://londonist.com/2015/07/who-was-old-father-thames |website=Londonist |language=en |date=31 July 2015}}</ref>

==== Gaulish ====
*[[Acionna]], a water goddess/[[genius loci]] of the [[Orleanais]] region and the [[Essonne (river)|Essonne]].
*[[Condatis]], god of the [[River Wear]] and healing.
* Segeta, goddess of the [[Loire]].
*[[Sequana]], goddess of the [[River Seine]].
*[[Souconna (mythology)|Souconna]], goddess of the [[Saône]].
*[[Sirona]], a goddess associated with healing springs.

==== Irish ====
*[[Boann]], goddess of the [[River Boyne]].
*[[Danu (Irish goddess)|Danu]] (Dana), Continental Celtic river goddess. Her Irish variation was an ancestor/mother goddess.
*[[Manannán mac Lir]], god of the sea.
*[[Lí Ban]], water goddess.
*[[Lir]], god of the sea.
*[[Sinann]], goddess of the [[River Shannon]].

==== Welsh ====
*[[Dylan Eil Ton]]
*[[Llŷr]], god of the sea.

==== Lusitanian ====
* [[Bandua]], theonym associated with fountains.
* [[Duberdicus]], god of the sea and rivers.
* [[Durius]], personification of the [[Douro]] river.

=== Norse-Germanic ===
*[[Ægir]], personification of the sea.
*[[Freyr]], god of rain, sunlight, fertility, life, and summer.
*[[Nehalennia]], goddess of the [[North Sea]].
*[[Nerthus]], mostly an earth goddess, but is also associated with lakes, springs, and [[Holy well|holy waters]].
*[[Nine Daughters of Ægir]], who personify the characteristics of waves.
*[[Neck (water spirit)|Nix]], water spirits who usually appear in human form.
*[[Njord]], god of the sea, particularly of [[seafaring]].
*[[Rán]], sea goddess of death who collects the drowned in a net, wife of Ægir.
*[[Rhenus Pater]], god of the [[Rhine]] river
*Rura, goddess of the [[Rur]] river
*[[Sága]], wisdom goddess who lives near water and pours Odin a drink when he visits.
*[[Tiddy Mun]], a bog deity once worshiped in Lincolnshire, England who had the ability to control floods.

=== Graeco-Roman ===
==== Greek / Hellenic ====
{{Main|Greek sea gods}}
* [[Achelous]], Greek river god.
* [[Hecatonchires|Aegaeon]], god of violent sea storms and ally of the Titans.
*[[Alpheus (mythology)|Alpheus]], river god in Arcadia.
* [[Amphitrite]], sea goddess and consort of Poseidon and thus queen of the sea.
* [[Anapos]], water god of eastern Sicily.
* [[Asterion (god)|Asterion]], river-god of [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]]
* [[Brito-Martis]], the goddess Brito-Martis is always depicted in arms.
* [[Brizo]], goddess of sailors.
* [[Carcinus (mythology)|Carcinus]], a giant crab who allied itself with the Hydra against Heracles. When it died, Hera placed it in the sky as the constellation [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancer]].
* [[Ceto]], goddess of the dangers of the ocean and of sea monsters.
* [[Charybdis]], a sea monster and spirit of whirlpools and the tide.
* [[Cymopoleia]], a daughter of Poseidon and goddess of giant storm waves.
* [[Doris (mythology)|Doris]], goddess of the sea's bounty and wife of Nereus.
* [[Eidothea (Greek myth)|Eidothea]], prophetic sea nymph and daughter of Proteus.
* [[Electra (Oceanid)|Electra]], an Oceanid, consort of [[Thaumas]].
* [[Enipeus (deity)|Enipeus]], a river god
* [[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]], goddess of the mastery of the seas.
*[[Galene (mythology)|Galene]] (Γαλήνη), goddess of calm seas.
* [[Glaucus]], the fisherman's sea god.
* [[Gorgons]], three monstrous sea spirits.
** [[Euryale (Gorgon)|Euryale]]
** [[Medusa]]
** [[Stheno]]
* The [[Graeae]], three ancient sea spirits who personified the white foam of the sea; they shared one eye and one tooth between them.
* [[Hippocampus (mythology)|Hippocampi]], the horses of the sea.
* The [[Ichthyocentaurs]], a pair of centaurine sea-gods with the upper bodies of men, the lower fore-parts of horses, ending in the serpentine tails of fish.
*Kymopoleia, daughter of Poseidon and goddess of violent sea storms.
* [[Leucothea]], a sea goddess who aided sailors in distress.
* [[Nerites (mythology)|Nerites]], watery consort of Ayodite and/or beloved of Poseidon.
* [[Nereus]], the old man of the sea, and the god of the sea's rich bounty of fish.
* [[Nymph]]s
** [[Naiad]]es, freshwater nymphs.
** [[Nereid]]es, sea nymphs.
** [[Oceanid]]es, nymphs of freshwater sources.
* [[Oceanus]], Titan god of the Earth-encircling river Okeanos, the font of all the Earth's fresh water.
* [[Palaemon (mythology)|Palaemon]], a young sea god who aided sailors in distress.
* [[Phorcys]], god of the hidden dangers of the deep.
* [[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]], primeval god of the sea, father of the fish and other sea creatures.
* [[Poseidon]], Olympian god of the sea and king of the sea gods; also god of flood, drought, earthquakes, and horses. His Roman equivalent is [[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]].
* [[Potamoi]], deities of rivers, fathers of Naiads, brothers of the Oceanids, and as such, the sons of Oceanus and Tethys.
* [[Proteus]], a shape-shifting, prophetic old sea god, and the herdsman of Poseidon's seals.
* [[Psamathe (Nereid)|Psamathe]], goddess of sand beaches.
* [[Scylla]], a sea monster, later authors made up a backstory of her being a Nereid transformed into a monster due to Circe's jealousy.
* The [[Telchines]], sea spirits native to the island of Rhodes; the gods killed them when they turned to evil magic.
* [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], Titan goddess of the sources fresh-water, and the mother of the rivers ([[Potamoi]]), springs, streams, fountains and clouds.
* [[Thalassa (mythology)|Thalassa]], primordial goddess of the sea.
* [[Thaumas]], god of the wonders of the sea and father of the [[Harpies]] and the rainbow goddess [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]].
* [[Thetis]], leader of the Nereids who presided over the spawning of marine life in the sea, mother of Achilles.
* [[Triteia]], daughter of Triton and companion of Ares.
* [[Triton (mythology)|Triton]], fish-tailed son and herald of Poseidon.
* [[Triton (mythology)#Tritons|Tritones]], fish-tailed spirits in Poseidon's retinue.

==== Roman ====
*[[Coventina]], Romano-British goddess of a sacred spring at [[Carrawburgh]] on [[Hadrian's Wall]].
*[[Fontus]], god of wells and springs.
*[[Juturna]], goddess of fountains, wells, and springs.
*[[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]], god-king of the sea. His Greek counterpart was [[Poseidon]].
*[[Salacia (mythology)|Salacia]], goddess of saltwater. Neptune's consort.
*[[Tiberinus (god)|Tiberinus]], the genius of the river [[Tiber]].
*[[Volturnus]], a god of the [[Tiber]] who may originally have been a god of all rivers.

=== ''Greater European Folklore'' ===
*[[Aspidochelone]], colossal sea monster from the medieval bestiary ''[[Physiologus]]''.
*[[Davy Jones' Locker|Davy Jones]], the [[Devil]] of the seas in Western [[Piracy|piratical lore]].

=== Western Asia ===

==== Anatolian - Hittite ====
*[[Aruna (Hittite mythology)|Aruna]], god of the sea.
*[[Hatepuna]], daughter of the sea.

==== Armenian ====
*[[Astłik]], goddess of water sources.
*[[Tsovinar (goddess)|Tsovinar]], goddess of seas and storms.

==== Hindu-Vedic ====
[[File:Varunadeva.jpg|thumb|Varuna, the Lord of All the Water Bodies]]
*[[Ap (water)|Ap]], group of water goddesses.
*[[Apam Napat]], god of fresh water, such as in rivers and lakes.
*[[Danu (Asura)|Danu]], goddess of primordial waters, mother of [[Vritra]] and the [[Danavas]].
*[[Ganges in Hinduism|Ganga]], goddess of the [[Ganges river]] and purity.
*[[Yami]], goddess of [[Yamuna]] river.
*[[Sarasvati]], goddess of knowledge, music and the [[Sarasvati river]].
*[[Kaveri]], celestial nymph, avatar of Parvati, goddess of the Kaveri river.[https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/birth-story-of-holy-river-kaveri]
*[[Tapti]], goddess of [[Tapti river]].
*[[Varuna]], god of the water and the celestial ocean.
*[[Makara (Hindu mythology)|Makara]], mystical creature of waters.

==== Persian Zorostarian ====
*[[Ahurani]], Ahurani is a water goddess from ancient Persian mythology who watches over rainfall as well as standing water.
*[[Anahita]], the divinity of "the Waters" ([[Aban]]) and associated with fertility, healing, and wisdom.
*[[Apam Napat]], the divinity of rain and the maintainer of order.
*[[Haurvatat]], the [[Amesha Spenta]] associated with water, prosperity, and health in post-Gathic Zoroastrianism.
*[[Tishtrya]], [[Zoroastrian]] benevolent divinity associated with life-bringing rainfall and fertility.

'''Ossetia'''
*[[Donbettyr]], master of all waters.

==== Phoenician ====
*Barati, The ancient Phoenician goddess Barati; recognised in the Indian Vedas as Goddess of the Waters.

=== Uralic ===
'''Finnish'''
*[[Ahti]], god of the depths and fish.
*[[Iku-Turso]], a malevolent sea monster.
*[[Ved-ava|Vedenemo]], a goddess of water.
*[[Vellamo]], the wife of Ahti, goddess of the sea, lakes, and storms.

== Asia-Pacific / Oceania ==

=== Far East Asia ===

==== Chinese ====
[[File:鹿港新祖宮「慶端陽活動」.jpg|thumb|[[Chinese folk religion|Chinese]] sea goddess [[Mazu (goddess)|Mazu]]]]
*[[Xiang River goddesses|Ehuang & Nuying]], goddesses of the Xiang River.
*[[Gonggong]], red-haired dragon with the head of a man and water god who, together with his associate Xiang Yao, is responsible for the great floods.
*[[Hebo]], god of the [[Yellow River]].
*[[Longmu]], goddess of the Xijiang River in the Lingnan area.
*[[Mazu (goddess)|Mazu]], goddess of the sea and protector of seafarers.
*[[Tam Kung]], sea deity worshiped in Hong Kong and Macau with the ability to forecast weather.
*[[Honorable Kings of the Water Immortals]]''' (''Shuixian Zunwang'').
**Han Ao or [[Lu Ban]], the inventors.
** [[Qu Yuan]], [[Wu Zixu]], and [[Xiang Yu]], famous suicides lost in rivers.
** [[Yu the Great]], tamer of China's Great Flood.
*[[Dragon King]]s of the Four Seas.
**[[Ao Kuang]], Dragon King of the Eastern Sea.
** Ao Qin, Dragon King of the Southern Sea.
** Ao Run, Dragon King of the Western Sea.
** Ao Shun, Dragon King of the Northern Sea.

==== Japanese ====
{{See also|List of legendary creatures from Japan}}
*[[Ebisu (mythology)|Ebisu]], god of fortunes and fishery, often being referred to marine [[megafauna]]s such as whales and [[whale shark]]s (hence being also called "Ebisu-shark").<ref>{{Cite book |author=村上健司編著|title=日本妖怪大事典 |year=2005 |publisher=角川書店 |series=Kwai books|isbn=978-4-04-883926-6|pages=182}}</ref><ref name="大藤1955">{{Cite book |author=大藤時彦他|editor=民俗学研究所編 |others=柳田國男監修 |title=綜合日本民俗語彙 |year=1955 |publisher=平凡社 |volume=第2巻|pages=763}}</ref>
*Hanzaki Daimyojin, gigantic [[Japanese giant salamander]] and master of the water.
*[[Kuraokami]], one of Suijin.
*[[Mizuchi]], [[Japanese dragon]] and sea god.
*[[Ōhoyamatsumi]], god of mountains, sea and war.
*[[Ryūjin]] or [[Watatsumi]], Japanese dragon and tutelary deity of the sea.
*[[Suijin]], [[Shinto]] god of water.
*[[Sumiyoshi sanjin]], god of ocean and sailing.
*[[Susanoo]], Shinto god of storms and the sea.
*[[Watatsumi]], dragon king and ocean god.
*[[Yamata no Orochi]], serpentine monster but also regarded as an incarnation of violent river.

'''Ainu'''
*[[Amemasu]], monster in the lakes.
*[[Repun Kamui]], god of the sea, often referring to [[orca]].

==== Korean ====
*[[Korean dragon|Imoogi]] or Imugi, giant serpents of Korean folklore which later become true dragons.
*[[Munmu of Silla|King Munmu]], a king who wished to become a dragon before his death to protect Korea from the [[Sea of Japan]] (East Sea).
*[[Dragon King]], an undersea deity believed to determine the fortunes of fishermen and sailors.

==== South Asia ====
==== Hindu ====
In Hindu culture, each water body is worshipped as a form of God. Hence, the rivers are worshipped as goddesses and the ocean is worshipped as a god.

*[[Varuna]], the God of the ocean.
*[[Indra]], king of the Gods and bringer of rain, thunderstorms and clouds.
*[[Saptasindhu]], the seven holy rivers of India, namely:
*[[Ganga]], the Goddess of the Ganges River.
*[[Yamuna]], the Goddess of the Yamuna River.
*[[Saraswati]], the divine Goddess of knowledge and wisdom who was personified as a river that dried up in ancient times.
*[[Indus]], also called Sindhu. The river is considered the eldest daughter of the Himalaya mountains.
*[[Narmada]], the river Goddess often worshipped as a deity and daughter of Lord [[Shiva]].
*[[Godavari]], the longest river of South India. The river is also considered as Dakshina Ganga.
*[[Kaveri]], a river of South India, worshipped by people as a goddess who was previously incarnated as [[Lopamudra]], the wife of Sage [[Agastya]].
*Rivers such as [[Tapti River|Tapi]], also known as Tapati, is worshipped as a daughter of the sun god, [[Surya]].
*The river [[Krishna]], worshipped as Krishnaveni Devi/Krishna Mai, is considered to be Lord [[Vishnu]] born as a river.
*[[Tungabhadra]], a tributary of Krishna, is worshipped as a goddess. The river is also known as Pampa.
*[[Pamba River]] and [[Suvarnamukhi River]] flowing past the holy temple towns of [[Sabarimala]] in Kerala and [[Tirupati]] and [[Srikalahasti]] in Andhra Pradesh, respectively.
*The river [[Brahmaputra]] is the only river to have a male personification, whose name means "son of Brahma", the creator.

==== Manipuri ====
*[[Wangbren]], the Sea God who holds storm, rain and disaster .
*[[Poubi Lai]], the giant dragon who ruled its tyranny in the [[Loktak lake]].
*[[Irai Leima]], the Goddess of water and aquatic life.

==== Meitei ====
* [[Irai Leima]], goddess of water, sent down to Earth to teach humanity to build a civilisation
* Ngāreima, goddess of fish
* Wangbren, god of the underwater world
* Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River
* Iril Lairembi of Iril River
* Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River
* Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River
* Loktak Lairembi of Loktak Lake
* Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake

=== Southeast Asia ===
==== Vietnamese ====
* [[Lạc Long Quân]], legendary ancestor of Vietnamese people.
* [[:vi:Tục thờ cá Ông|Cá Ông]] (Vietnamese name for [[blue whale]]s, also dolphins and whale sharks in some cases), king of the sea and patron of fishermen.

==== Filipino ====
{{Main article|List of Philippine mythological figures}}
*Sirinan: the Isnag spirit of the river<ref>Vanoverbergh, M. (1941). The Isneg Farmer. Catholic Anthropologist Conference. Vol. III, No. 4.</ref>
*Limat: the Gaddang god of the sea<ref>Lumicao-Lora, M. L. (1984). Gaddang Literature. New Day Publishers.</ref>
*Oden: the Bugkalot deity of the rain, worshiped for its life-giving waters<ref>Wilson, L. L. (1947). Ilongot Life and Legends. Southeast Asia Institute.</ref>
*Ocean Deity: the Ilocano goddess of the ocean whose waters slammed the ediface of salt being built by Ang-ngalo and Asin, causing the sea's water to become salty<ref>Yabes, L. Y. (1958). Folklore Studies Vol. 17: The Adam and Eve of the Ilocanos. Nanzan University.</ref>
*Gods of the Pistay Dayat: Pangasinense gods who are pacified through the Pistay Dayat ritual, where offerings are given to the spirits of the waters who pacify the gods<ref>Andico, F. L. The Lowland Cultural Community of Pangasinan. National Commission for Culture and the Arts.</ref>
*Anitun Tauo: the Sambal goddess of win and rain who was reduced in rank by Malayari for her conceit<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Sedsed: the Aeta god of the sea<ref>Noche, D. (2019). A reclamation of one's heritage. Manila Standard.</ref>
*Apûng Malyari: the Kapampangan moon god who lives in Mt. Pinatubo and ruler of the eight rivers<ref>Nicdao, A. (1917). Pampangan Folklore. Manila.</ref>
*Lakandanum: variant of the Kapampangan Naga, known to rule the waters<ref>Nicdao, A. (1917). Pampangan Folklore. Manila.</ref>
*[[Bathala]]: the Tagalog supreme god and creator deity, also known as Bathala Maykapal, Lumilikha, and Abba; an enormous being with control over thunder, lightning, flood, fire, thunder, and earthquakes; presides over lesser deities and uses spirits to intercede between divinities and mortals<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Anitun Tabu: the Tagalog goddess of wind and rain and daughter of Idianale and Dumangan<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Lakapati: the Tagalog hermaphrodite deity and protector of sown fields, sufficient field waters, and abundant fish catch<ref>San Buenaventura, P. (1613). Vocabulario de Lengua Tagala.</ref>
*Amanikable: the Tagalog god of the sea who was spurned by the first mortal woman; also a god of hunters<ref>Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books.</ref>
*Amansinaya: the Tagalog goddess of fishermen<ref>Demetrio, F. R., Cordero-Fernando, G., & Zialcita, F. N. (1991). The Soul Book. Quezon City: GCF Books.</ref>
*Haik: the Tagalog god of the sea who protects travelers from tempests and storms<ref>Souza, G. B., Turley, J. S. (2016). The Boxer Codex: Transcription and Translation of an Illustrated Late Sixteenth-century Spanish Manuscript Concerning the Geography, Ethnography and History of the Pacific, South-East Asia and East Asia. Brill.</ref>
*Bulan-hari: one of the Tagalog deities sent by Bathala to aid the people of Pinak; can command rain to fall; married to Bitu-in<ref>Eugenio, D. L. (2013). Philippine Folk Literature: The Legends. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press</ref>
*Makapulaw: the Tagalog god of sailors<ref>Pardo, F. (1686–1688). Carte [...] sobre la idolatria de los naturales de la provincia de Zambales, y de los del pueblo de Santo Tomas y otros cicunvecinos [...]. Sevilla, Spain: Archivo de la Indias.</ref>
*Great Serpent of Pasig: a giant Tagalog serpent who created the Pasig river after merchants wished to the deity; in exchange for the Pasig's creation, the souls of the merchants would be owned by the serpent<ref>Edited by Alejandro, R. G., Yuson, A. A. (2000). Pasig: River of Life. Unilever Philippines.</ref>
*Quadruple Deities: the four childless naked Tau-buid Mangyan deities, composed of two gods who come from the sun and two goddesses who come from the upper part of the river; summoned using the paragayan or diolang plates<ref>Kikuchi, Y. (1984). Mindoro Highlanders: The Life of the Swidden Agriculturists. New Day Publishers.</ref>
*Afo Sapa: the Buhid Mangyan owner of rivers<ref>NewCAPP (2014). The ties that bind: The Buhid Mangyan People of Mindoro, their Sacred Lands and Medicine Mountain. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Global Environment Facility, and UNDP.</ref>
*Apu Dandum: the Hanunoo Mangyan spirit living in the water<ref>Servano, M. R. Mangyan. DLSU LITERA.</ref>
*Tubigan: the Bicolano god of the water<ref>Beyer, H. O. (1923). Ethnography of the Bikol People. vii.</ref>
*Dagat: the Bicolano goddess of the sea<ref>Beyer, H. O. (1923). Ethnography of the Bikol People. vii.</ref>
*Bulan: the Bicolano moon god whose arm became the earth, and whose tears became the rivers and seas<ref>Arcilla, A. M. (1923). The Origin of Earth and of Man. Ethnography of the Bikol People, vii.</ref>
*Magindang: the Bicolano god of fishing who leads fishermen in getting a good fish catch through sounds and signs<ref>Realubit, M. L. F. (1983). Bikols of the Philippines. A.M.S. Press.</ref>
*Onos: the Bicolano deity who freed the great flood that changed the land's features<ref>Castaño, F. J. (1895). un pequeño fragmento inedito en verso.</ref>
*Hamorawan Lady: the Waray deity of the Hamorawan spring in Borongan, who blesses the waters with healing properties<ref>Piccio, B. (2016). The Legend of the Miraculous Lady in White Lurking in Eastern Samar's Hamorawan Spring. Choose Philippines.</ref>
*Maka-andog: an epic Waray giant-hero who was friends with the sea spirits and controlled wildlife and fish; first inhabitant and ruler of Samar who lived for five centuries; later immortalized as a deity of fishing<ref>Hart D. V., Hart H. C. (1966). Maka-andog: A Reconstructed Myth from Eastern Samar, Philippines. The Journal of American Folklore</ref>
*Maguayan: the Bisaya god who rules over the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of Kaptan<ref>Miller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn.</ref>
*Maguyaen: the Bisaya goddess of the winds of the sea<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Magauayan: the Bisaya sea deity who fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervened<ref>Hill, P. (1934). Philippine Short Stories. Manila: Oriental Commercial Company.</ref>
*Lidagat: the Bisaya sea deity married to the wind; daughter of Maguayan<ref>Miller, J. M. (1904). Philippine folklore stories. Boston, Ginn.</ref>
*Bakunawa: the Bisaya serpent deity who can coil around the world; sought to swallow the seven "Queen" moons, successfully eating the six, where the last is guarded by bamboos<ref>Buyser, F. (1913). Mga Sugilanong Karaan</ref>
*Makilum-sa-tubig: the Bisaya god of the sea<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the Bisaya god of streams<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Magdan-durunoon: the Bisaya god of hidden lakes<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Santonilyo: a Bisaya deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea<ref>San Agustín, G. (1998). Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas, 1565–1615 (Spanish Edition): Bilingual ed edition. San Agustin Museum.</ref>
*Magyawan: the Hiligaynon god of the sea<ref>Loarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5.</ref>
*Manunubo: the Hiligaynon and Aklanon good spirit of the sea<ref>Loarca, Miguel de. (1582) 1903. Relation of the Filipinas Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5.</ref>
*Launsina: the Capiznon goddess of the sun, moon, stars, and seas, and the most beloved because people seek forgiveness from her<ref>Cruz-Lucero, R., Pototanon, R. M. (2018). Capiznon. With contributions by E. Arsenio Manuel. In Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures of the Filipino Nation, edited by Cruz-Lucero, R.</ref>
*Kapapu-an: the Karay-a pantheon of ancestral spirits from whom the supernatural powers of shamans originated from; their aid enables specific types of shamans to gush water from rocks, leap far distances, create oil shields, become invisible, or pass through solid matter<ref>Magos, Alicia P. 1978. “The Ma-aram in a Kiniray-a Society.” Master's thesis, University of the Philippines, Diliman.</ref>
*Neguno: the Cuyonon and Agutaynen god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark<ref>Malay, P. C. (1957). The First Shark. Weekly Women's Magazine.</ref>
*Polo: the benevolent Tagbanwa god of the sea whose help is invoked during times of illness<ref>CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines (1994). Cultural Center of the Philippines.</ref>
*Diwata Kat Sidpan: a deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan;<ref>Filipino Heritage: The metal age in the Philippines (1977). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub.</ref> controls the rains<ref>Fox, R. B. (1982). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Manila: National Museum</ref>
*Diwata Kat Libatan: a deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan;<ref>Filipino Heritage: The metal age in the Philippines (1977). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Pub.</ref> controls the rain<ref>Fox, R. B. (1982). Religion and Society Among the Tagbanuas of Palawan Island, Philippines. Manila: National Museum</ref>
*Tagma-sa-Dagat: the Subanon god of the sea<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Tagma-sa-uba: the Subanon god of the rivers<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good Bukidnon supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting<ref>Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.</ref>
*Dadanhayan ha Sugay: the evil Bukidnon lord from whom permission is asked; depicted as the evil deity with a human body and ten heads that continuously drools sticky saliva, which is the source of all waters; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting<ref>Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.</ref>
*Bulalakaw: the Bukidnon guardian of the water and all the creatures living in it<ref>Unabia, C. C. (1986). THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. Quezon City : UP Press.</ref>
*Python of Pusod Hu Dagat: the gigantic Bukidnon python living at the center of the sea; caused a massive flood when it coiled its body at sea<ref>Esteban, R. C., Casanova, A. R., Esteban, I. C. (2011). Folktales of Southern Philippines. Anvil Publishing.</ref>
*Bulalakaw: the Talaandig deity who safeguards the creatures in the rivers; the lalayon ritual is offered to the deity<ref>Global ICCA Database: Igmale’ng’en sacred forests of Portulin, Mindanao, Philippines. Indigenous Peoples’ and Community Conserved Areas and Territories Consortium.</ref>
*Tagbanua: the Manobo god of rain<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Yumud: the god of water<ref>Jocano, F. L. (1969). Philippine Mythology. Quezon City: Capitol Publishing House Inc.</ref>
*Pamulak Manobo: the Bagobo supreme deity and creator of the world, including the land, sea, and the first humans; throws water from the sky, causing rain, while his spit are the showers<ref>Benedict, L. W. (1913). Bagobo Myths. Journal of American Folklore, pp. 26 (99): 13–63.</ref>
*Eels of Mount Apo: two giant Bagobo eels, where one went east and arrived at sea, begetting all the eels of the world; the other went west, and remained on land until it died and became the western foothills of Mount Apo<ref>Esteban, R. C., Casanova, A. R., Esteban, I. C. (2011). Folktales of Southern Philippines. Anvil Publishing.</ref>
*Fon Eel: the Blaan spirit of water<ref>Cole, M. C. (1916). Philippine Folk Tales. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company.</ref>
*Fu El: the T;boli spirit of water<ref>Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.</ref>
*Fu El Melel: the T'boli spirit of the river<ref>Cudera, R. B., Razon, B. C., Millondaga, K. J. I. (2020). Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity.</ref>
*Segoyong: the Teduray guardians of the classes of natural phenomena; punishes humans to do not show respect and steal their wards; many of them specialize in a class, which can be water, trees, grasses, caves behind waterfalls, land caves, snakes, fire, nunuk trees, deers, and pigs<ref>Wood, G. L. (1957). Philippine Sociological Review Vol. 5, No. 2: The Tiruray. Philippine Sociological Society.</ref>
*Tunung: the Maguindanao spirits who live in the sky, water, mountain, or trees; listens to prayers and can converse with humans by borrowing the voice of a medium; protects humans from sickness and crops from pests<ref>Williams, M. S. (1997). Philippine Sociological Review Vol. 45, No. 1/4: Causality, Power, and Cultural Traits of the Maguindanao. Philippine Sociological Society.</ref>
*Tonong: divine Maranao spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm<ref>Talaguit, C. J. N. (2019). Folk-Islam in Maranao Society. History Department, De La Salle University – Manila.</ref>
*Umboh Tuhan: also called Umboh Dilaut, the Sama-Bajau god of the sea and one of the two supreme deities; married to Dayang Dayang Mangilai<ref>Hussin, H., Santamaria, M. C. M. (2008). Dancing with the ghosts of the sea: Experiencing the Pagkanduli ritual of the Sama Dilaut (Bajau Laut) in Sikulan, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines. JATI: Jurnal Jabatan Pengajian Asia Tenggara Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial</ref>
*Umboh Kamun: the Sama-Bajau totem of mantis shrimp<ref>Tangan, L. (2011). Exploration into Sama Philosophy: Omboh.</ref>
*Sumangâ: the Sama-Bajau spirit of sea vessels; the guardian who deflects attacks<ref>Stacey, N. (2007). Boats to Burn: Bajo fishing activity in the Australian fishing zone. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press.</ref>

==== Indonesian ====
*[[Dewi Danu]], Balinese Hindu water goddess.
*[[Dewi Lanjar]], Javanese Queen of the North Sea.
*[[Nyai Roro Kidul]], Javanese Queen of the South Sea (Indian Ocean).

=== Turkic ===
* [[:tr:Talay|Talay]], god of ocean.

=== Polynesian ===
==== Fijian ====
*[[Dakuwaqa]], a shark god.
*[[Daucina]], god of seafaring.

==== Hawaiian ====
*[[Kamohoalii]], shark god.
*[[Kanaloa]] or [[Tangaroa]], god of the ocean and magics and underworld with forms of [[cephalopod]].
*[[Nāmaka]], sea goddess.
*[[Ukupanipo]], shark god who controls the amount of fish close enough for the fisherman to catch.

==== Māori ====
*[[Ikatere]], a fish god, the father of all the sea creatures including mermaids.
*[[Rongomai]], a whale god.
*[[Taniwha]], deities or [[monster]]s (often take forms resembling dragons).
*[[Tangaroa]], god of the sea.
*Tohora ([[Māori mythology|Maori]] name for [[southern right whale]]s), the great whale who saved legendary hero [[Paikea]], famously known as the [[Whale Rider]], (also the Maori name for [[humpback whale]]s) from drowning and carried him to land. This led to the creation of New Zealand.

==== Samoan ====

==== ''other island nations'' ====
*[[Agunua]], serpentine god of the sea of [[Solomon Islands]].
*[[Ayida-Weddo]], serpentine spirit among several island nations.

=== Australia ===
*[[Eingana]], mother of all.
*[[Rainbow Serpent]]s, creators of [[dreamtime]].
*[[Ungud]], serpent god bring fortunes.
*[[Wirnpa]], creator of rain.
*[[Yurlungur]], the copper serpent.

== Native Americas ==
=== North America ===
==== Inuit ====
*[[Aipaloovik]], an evil sea god associated with death and destruction.
*[[Alignak]], a lunar deity and god of weather, water, tides, eclipses, and earthquakes.
*[[Arnapkapfaaluk]], a fearsome sea goddess.
*[[Idliragijenget]], god of the ocean.
*Kanajuk, the scorpionfish god and husband of the goddesses Nuliajuk and Isarraitaitsoq.
*[[Nootaikok]], god who presided over icebergs and glaciers.
*[[Nuliajuk]] and Isarraitaitsoq, goddesses of the sea's depths and its creatures among the Netsilik Inuit.
*[[Sedna (mythology)|Sedna]], goddess of the sea and its creatures.

=== Central America and the Caribbean ===
==== Aztec ====
* [[Atlaua]], god of water, archers, and fishermen.
* [[Chalchiuhtlicue]], goddess of water, lakes, rivers, seas, streams, horizontal waters, storms, and baptism.
* [[Opochtli]], god of fishing and birdcatchers.
* [[Tlāloc]], god of water, fertility, and rain.
* [[Tlaloque]], a group of rain, water, and mountain gods.

==== Ewe / Fon ====
*[[Agwé]], a sea loa.
*[[Clermeil]], a river loa.
*[[Mami Wata]], a water loa.
*[[Pie (loa)|Pie]], a lake and river loa.

==== Mayan ====
*[[Chaac]], god of rain.

==== Taíno ====
* [[Atabey (goddess)]], Mother goddess of fresh water and fertility. Female counterpart of the god [[Yúcahu]].

=== South America ===
==== Guarani (Brazilian Myth) ====
*[[Iara (mythology)|Iara]]
==== Incan ====
*[[Pariacaca (god)|Pariacaca]], god of water and rainstorms.
*[[Paricia]], god who sent a flood to kill humans who did not respect him adequately.
==== [[Panche people|Panche]]/[[Muisca]] ====
*[[Mohan (legendary)|Mohan]], a mischievous entity associated with rivers, lakes and water in general.

==See also==
{{Commons category|Water deities}}
* [[Holy wells]]
* [[Nadi (yoga)]]
* [[Nature worship]]
* [[Sea monster]]
* [[Svadhishthana|Water chakra]]
* [[Water spirit]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{List of mythological figures by region}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Water deities|*]]
[[Category:Lists of deities|Water deities]]

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List of water deities