Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Betta Kurumba language

2021-12-29T05:09:33Z

2607:9880:2148:11F:A57A:8B47:FBF0:B7D0:

{{Infobox language
|name = Betta Kurumba
|nativename = வேட்டை குறும்பர்
|states = [[India]]
|region = [[Nilgiri mountains]] ([[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]])
|speakers = 32,000
|date=2003
|ref=e18
|familycolor = Dravidian
|fam2 = [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
|fam3 = [[Tamil–Kannada]]
|fam4 = Tamil–Kodagu
|fam5 = Tamil–Malayalam
|fam6 = [[Tamil languages]]
|script = [[Kannada script]]<br>[[Malayalam script]]<br>[[Tamil script]].
|iso3 = xub
|notice = Indic
|glotto=bett1235
|glottorefname=Betta Kurumba
}}

The '''Betta Kurumba''' language (''Beṭṭa Kurumba'') is a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] language closely related to [[Tamil language|Tamil]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/xub|title=Betta Kurumba|website=Ethnologue-languages of the world|publisher=SIL International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Language and Society in South Asia|last=Shapiro|first=Michael C.|last2=Schiffman|first2=Harold F.|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1981|isbn=9788120826076|pages=101}}</ref> and is spoken by 32,000 people in the [[Nilgiri mountains]] and in adjoining areas in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]].
''Beṭṭa'' ({{lang|kn|ಬೆಟ್ಟ}}) means “hills” in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and “Hunter” in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].

==See also==
*[[Kuruba]]
*[[Betta Kuruba]]
*[[Alu Kurumba]]
*[[Jennu Kurumba]]
*[[Dravidian languages]]
*[[List of languages by number of native speakers in India]]
*[[Languages of South Asia]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*Coelho, Gail Maria (2003): [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213041/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/coelhogm036/coelhogm036.pdf A Grammar of Betta Kurumba] (PDF).
*Coelho, Gail Maria (2018): Annotated Texts in Betta Kurumba. Brill. {{ISBN|978-9004378223}}

== External links ==
[http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0002 ELAR Open Access Archive]

{{Dravidian languages}}
{{Languages of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Languages spoken in Kerala}}

[[Category:Tamil languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Kerala]]

{{Dr-lang-stub}}

Yerukala people

2021-12-29T05:06:07Z

2607:9880:2148:11F:A57A:8B47:FBF0:B7D0:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Yerukala
|classification= Adivasi
|subdivisions=5
|populated_states=[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]]
|languages=[[Yerukala language|Yerukala]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|religions=[[Hinduism]] and
|population=519,337
|image=Koravan.jpg
}}

'''Yerukala''' or '''Erukala''' or '''Erukula''' or is a tribal community primarily found in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Primitive tribes in contemporary India: concept, ethnography and demography|volume=2|editor-first=Sarit Kumar|editor-last=Chaudhuri|editor2-first=Sucheta Sen|editor2-last=Chaudhuri|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2005|ISBN=81-8324-026-7|pages=263}}</ref>
The population of Yerukala tribes according to 2011 census is 519,337. The total literacy rate among Yerukula is 48.12%. Most live in southern coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema, with a smaller minority in districts of Telangana. Their native language is Tamil based [[Yerukala language|Yerukala]] but most have shifted to Telugu. They were vilifed in British sources for being habitual criminals,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Castes_and_Tribes_of_Southern_India/Korava|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India}}</ref> and so were placed under Criminal Tribes Act, although they were underrepresented in the population of criminals and were most likely targeted for their nomadic lifestyle.<ref>{{Cite news|last=P|first=Samuel Jonathan|date=2017-11-25|title=The agony of Stuartpuram|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/the-agony-of-stuartpuram/article20799245.ece|access-date=2020-10-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References and notes ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.yerukala.info Yerukalas Home Page]
*[http://mudiraja.com/mudiraju_kings.html#king38 Mudiraju Kings]
*[http://www.etdes.in/index.php/ancient-history-about-ekalavya Ekalavya Tribal Development and Educational Society page on Yerukula]

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Dravidian peoples]]
[[Category:Telugu society]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Telangana]]
[[Category:Tribal communities of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Denotified tribes of India]]

Tamil languages

2021-12-29T05:05:06Z

2607:9880:2148:11F:A57A:8B47:FBF0:B7D0:

{{Short description|Dravidian language group}}
{{Infobox language family
| name = Tamil
| region = [[South India]]
| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = Southern
| fam3 = Tamil–Kodagu
| fam4 = Tamil–Malayalam
| glotto = tami1299
| glottorefname = Tamiloid
| glottoname =
| notes =
}}

The '''Tamil languages''' are the group of [[Dravidian languages]] most closely related to [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. In addition to Tamil itself, they are:
* [[Irula language|Irula]], [[Betta Kurumba language|Betta Kurumba]], [[Yerukala language|Yerukala]], [[Eravallan language|Eravallan]], [[Kanikkaran language|Kanikkaran]], [[Muthuvan language|Muthuvan]], [[Sholaga language|Sholaga]], [[Kaikadi language|Kaikadi]], [[Sankethi dialect|Sankethi]], [[Sri Lankan Tamil|Eezhavam]]

[[Arwi]] is not a separate language but a register of Tamil used by Muslims. It is written in the Arabic alphabet and contains many loans from Arabic.

[[Kakkala language|Kakkala]] may be either a Tamil language or one of the [[Malayalam languages]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dravidian languages}}

[[Category:Tamil languages| ]]

{{Dr-lang-stub}}