Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Samacheer Kalvi

2022-05-31T20:51:30Z

2603:8000:D300:D0F:3000:C19E:8E1:70CB: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education
| logo = TamilNadu Logo.svg
| website =
| commercial = No
| type = School Education
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| owner = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] through [[Department of School Education (Tamil Nadu)]]
| founderimage =
| founder =
| mission_statement = Uniform System of School Education
| date_of_establishment = 30 November 2009
| funding =
}}

[[File:சமச்சிர் கல்வி.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Two children from Tamil Nadu holding a Samacheer Kalvi textbook]]
'''Samacheer Kalvi''' ({{lang-ta|சமச்சீர் கல்வி}}) or '''Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education''' or '''Equitable education system''' is a [[Department of School Education (Tamil Nadu)|School Education Department]] of [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] programme to integrate the various school educational systems within the state. Uniform System of School Education was implemented by '''Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education Act 2010''' which paves way for quality education to all children without any discrimination based on their economic, social or cultural background. The new system of education was introduced for classes I and VI in the 2010 academic year.

The system was brought forth Karunanidhi-led DMK government. It was scrapped by Jayalalithaa-led AIADMK government shortly after assuming office in May 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tamil-nadu-textbook-row-aiadmk-dmk/1/145769.html|title = Tamil Nadu: Politics over textbooks costs Tamil Nadu students dear}}</ref> After a supreme court verdict in August 2011, the AIADMK government decided to implement it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AIADMK to Implement Samacheer Kalvi From This Year|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/aiadmk-to-implement-samacheer-kalvi-from-this-year/730667|access-date=2021-12-16|website=www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

==Background==
There are over 1.2 crore students in four streams of school education comprising about 45,000 state board schools, 11,000 matriculation schools, 25 oriental schools and 50 Anglo-Indian schools, with different syllabus, textbooks and schemes of examinations.

==Need for a unified system==
The main need for this system to be proclaimed as the syllabus in Tamil Nadu, was that all the school students must have uniform study, diminishing the variations between the Matriculation or [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] Students and the Government school Students. The motivation for a uniform syllabus was obtained from the Ex. Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, [[K. Kamaraj]] who was the first to initiate a uniform dress code in schools to reduce the differentiation between students from households with varying income. Tamil Nadu government also published school books in digital format.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timetableresults.com/tag/school-text-books/|title=School Text Books|last=|first=|date=|website=Time Table Results|publisher=|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-21}}</ref>

==Litigation==
[[Fourth Jayalalithaa ministry|Jayalalithaa Government]] dropped the Samacheer Kalvi syllabus for the 2011–2012 academic year as the books had content in praise of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK's]] leaders. But, the [[Madras High Court|High Court of Tamil Nadu]] ordered that Samacheer Kalvi must come into immediate effect. Tamil Nadu Government moved the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and the apex court refused to stay the order of the High Court and insisted that the books need to be distributed on or before 2 August 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/08/stories/2010070862860200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712232729/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/08/stories/2010070862860200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2010|title=Samacheer Kalvi leaves parents anxious|last=Thomas|first=Liffy|date=8 July 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=8 September 2010}}</ref>

On 9 August 2011, the Supreme Court of India rejected Tamil Nadu State Government's request to drop the Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education and also directed the state government to implement the Uniform System of School Education (Amendment) Act within 10 days i.e., within 19 August 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article2339318.ece|title=Supreme Court directs TN to implement Samacheer Kalvi|date=9 August 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=9 August 2011}}</ref> The Supreme Court of India in its order said that any sort of objectionable material such as personal glorification, self publicity and promotion involved, could be deleted, rather than putting the operation of the Act 2010 in abeyance.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

On 23 February 2022, a public interest litigation petition was filed the Madras High Court seeking a direction to the State government to adopt the [[National Council of Educational Research and Training]] (NCERT) syllabus for State Board schools. The petitioners claimed that Samacheer Kalvi was not helping the students crack the competitive exams. The HC dismissed the petition, at the stage of admission. First Division Bench of Chief Justice Munishwar Nath Bhandari and Justice D. Bharatha Chakravarthy did not entertain the case and said that it was for the government and not the court to decide the appropriate type of syllabus for schools.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |first1=Legal |title=Court dismisses PIL plea to knock off Samacheer Kalvi and adopt NCERT syllabus in State Board schools |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/court-dismisses-pil-plea-to-knock-off-samacheer-kalvi-and-adopt-ncert-syllabus-in-state-board-schools/article65076731.ece |access-date=23 February 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=23 February 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.kalvibooks.com/ Samacheer Kalvi Books]

[[Category:Education in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Textbook controversies]]
[[Category:Education controversies in India]]

Economic and Statistical Organisation Punjab (ESO)

2022-05-30T11:36:23Z

2603:8000:D300:D0F:3000:C19E:8E1:70CB: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2014}}

{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = Economic and Statistical Organisation Punjab (ESO)
|logo =
|logo_width =
|logo_caption =
|seal = [[File:Seal of Punjab.gif|125px]]
|seal_width =
|seal_caption =
|formed = {{Start date and age|1949 |01|01|df=y}}<ref name="esopb">{{cite web|url=http://esopb.gov.in/static/Aboutus.html|title=About us|publisher=esopb.gov.in|accessdate=13 July 2016}}</ref>
|preceding1 = Board of Economic Inquiry
|jurisdiction = [[Indian Punjab|Punjab State]]
|headquarters = [[Chandigarh]], [[Punjab]]
|employees = 829 (Sanctioned)
|budget =
|minister1_name = S. [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
|minister1_pfo =
|chief1_name = Sh M.L Sharma
|chief1_position = [[Economic Advisor, Government of Punjab]]
|chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
|parent_agency =
|website = [http://esopb.gov.in/index.html]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Economic and Statistical Organisation Punjab (ESO)''', is the nodal statistical agency of State [[Indian Punjab|Government of Punjab]]. ESO provides vital statistics on a wide range of economic, environmental and social issues, to assist and encourage informed decision making and research to various stakeholders including Universities, research institutions, individual scholars, planners, government and non -government institutions. The data and all publications are provided free of cost.

==History==
ESO was created in 1949 with the advent of planning era in India after Independence. Main objective of creation of this organisation was to fulfill the data needs of the state especially with regards to planning. Prior to creation of this organisation there was a '''Board of Economic Inquiry''' created during British period in Punjab.

==Administrative structure==

===Chandigarh Head office level===

ESO has its offices at its Chandigarh based headquarters and all the districts of the State. Economic Advisor to Government of [[Punjab]] is the head of the department. There are two directors and three joint directors at the head office.<ref>http://esopb.gov.in/static/PDF/Orgnization-Chart.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref name="esopb2">{{cite web|url=http://esopb.gov.in/static/State-HeadQuarter.html|title=State Headquarter|publisher=esopb.gov.in|accessdate=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704094337/http://esopb.gov.in/static/State-HeadQuarter.html|archive-date=4 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to it there are other supporting staff who collect, compile and present the required statistical data in a professional manner.

===District level===
There is a District statistical office in each of the 22 districts of the State of Punjab which is headed by the Deputy Economic and Stastitical Advisor, a grade one officer.<ref name="esopb3">{{cite web|url=http://esopb.gov.in/static/Districts-Level.html|title=District Level|publisher=esopb.gov.in|accessdate=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704052303/http://esopb.gov.in/static/Districts-Level.html|archive-date=4 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> At district level it perform following major functions :
# Statistical work
# Planning work
# Other development schemes/ programmes including MPLAD and 20 Point etc.

===Block level===
Punjab is among very few States of Indian Union which has its statistical machinery at the sub district i.e. block level. One statistical personnel known as "investigator" is posted at the block level in the State who collect the basic information on over 250 items from each of the village. This data is used for grass root level planning and other decision in the State. As on 31 March 2016 there are 146 blocks and over 12154 villages.<ref name="esopb4">{{cite web|url=http://www.esopb.gov.in/PDF%20Pages/Reports.aspx|title=:.HOME PAGE.:|publisher=esopb.gov.in|accessdate=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704070312/http://www.esopb.gov.in/PDF%20Pages/Reports.aspx|archive-date=4 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="esopb5">{{cite web|url=http://esopb.gov.in/static/Blocks.html|title=Blocks|publisher=esopb.gov.in|accessdate=13 July 2016}}</ref>

==Major publications==

*Statistical Abstract of Punjab-Periodicity, Annual [https://web.archive.org/web/20160704101800/http://esopb.gov.in/static/PDF/Abstract%202015.pdf]
*Economic Survey of Punjab- Periodicity Annual [https://web.archive.org/web/20160509121243/http://esopb.gov.in/Static/PDF/Economic%20Survey%202015-16%20.pdf]
*Village Directory- Periodicity, Annual [https://web.archive.org/web/20160509122326/http://www.esopb.gov.in/PDF%20Pages/Reports.aspx]
*State Income -Periodicity, Annual [https://web.archive.org/web/20160508224456/http://esopb.gov.in/static/PDF/GSDP/Punjab/GSDP%20new.pdf]
*District level Planning -Periodicity regular [http://www.pbplanning.gov.in/schemes.htm]
*MPLAD Scheme-Periodicity regular [http://mplads.nic.in/]
*20 Point Progrrame-Periodicity regula [http://www.pbplanning.gov.in/schemes.htm]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Statistical organisations in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Economy of Punjab, India]]

Kusunda Area

2022-05-25T06:22:44Z

2603:8000:D300:D0F:3000:C19E:8E1:70CB: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{Infobox mine
| name = Kusunda Area
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label = Kusunda Area
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7831|N|86.3908|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| place =
| subdivision_type = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| state/province = [[Jharkhand]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner = [[Bharat Coking Coal|Bharat Coking Coal Limited]]
| official website = http://www.bcclweb.in/
| acquisition year = 1971-72
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| products = Coking coal
| financial year =
| amount =
| opening year =
| closing year =
}}
'''Kusunda Area''' is one of the 12 operational areas of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] located in [[Dhanbad Sadar subdivision]] of [[Dhanbad district]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].

==Overview==
Fire and subsidence in the [[Jharia coalfield]] are a legacy of its century old history. The danger of subsidence is enhanced by small workings and multi-section developments at shallow depths. Corrective measures have been and are being taken. There are many towns, villages, jores, roads and railways in the area. The danger of active fires is also there in some collieries.<ref name=kusundaarea>{{cite web | url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=1720 | title = Kusunda Area | publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited | accessdate = 19 June 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=380| height=280| zoom=12
| coord={{coord|23|46|0|N|86|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Collieries in the Kusunda and Bastacola Areas of BCCL''' U: Underground colliery, O: Open Cast colliery, M: Mixed colliery, W: Washery, F: Facility, A: Administrative headquarters Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|47|0|N|86|23|40|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Godhur colliery| numbered1=M| mark-title1= Godhur colliery (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#D2691E |shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|22|25|E}} | label-pos2=top|label2= Basuriya colliery| numbered2=U| mark-title2= Basuriya colliery (U) |shape-color2=#A40000
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|48|5|N|86|22|10|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= East Basuriya colliery| numbered3=O| mark-title3= East Basuriya colliery (O) |shape-color3=#C42222
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|47|50|N|86|22|10|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Gondudih Khas Kusunda colliery| numbered4=O| mark-title4= Gondudih Khas Kusunda colliery (O) |shape-color4=#C42222
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|46|42|N|86|24|14|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Dhansar colliery| numbered5=M| mark-title5= Dhansar colliery (M)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|47|14|N|86|24|7|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Kusunda colliery| numbered6=O| mark-title6= Kusunda colliery (O) |shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|24|50|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Bastacola colliery| numbered7=M| mark-title7= Bastacola colliery (M)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|45|35|N|86|26|38|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Bera colliery| numbered8=M| mark-title8= Bera colliery (M)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|23|N|86|26|6|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Dobari colliery| numbered9=O| mark-title9= Dobari colliery (O) |shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|44|33|N|86|25|34|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Ghanoodih colliery| numbered10=O| mark-title10= Ghanoodih colliery (O) |shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|45|9|N|86|26|38|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Kuya colliery| numbered11=O| mark-title11= Kuya colliery (O) |shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|43|55|N|86|26|3|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Kujama colliery| numbered12=O| mark-title12= Kujama colliery (O) |shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|46|59|N|86|23|26|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Kusunda Area | numbered13=A| mark-title13=Kusunda Area (A)|shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|45|43|N|86|24|42|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Bastacola Area | numbered14=A| mark-title14=Bastacoa Area (A)|shape-color14=black| label-size14=13|label-color14=black
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|43|40|N|86|27|9|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= BCCL Regional Hospital, Tisra| numbered15=F| mark-title15= BCCL Regional Hospital, Tisra (F) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|24|32|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Mines Rescue Station | numbered16=F| mark-title16= Mines Rescue Station (F) |shape-color16=#967117}}

===Location===
The Kusunda Area office is located at {{coord|23.7831|N|86.3908|E|region:IN|display=inline}}.
The Kusnda Area is located 4 km away from [[Dhanbad Junction railway station]].<ref name=kusundaarea/>

The map alongside shows some of the collieries in the Area. However, as the collieries do not have individual pages, there are no links in the full screen map. In the map placed further down, all places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Collieries==
Collieries in the Kusunda Area are: Baseria colliery, East Baseria colliery, Gondudih Khas Kusunda colliery, Godhar colliery, Kusunda colliery, Dhansar colliery and Industry colliery.<ref name=kusundaarea/>

==Mining plan==
An overview of the proposed mining activity plan in ''Cluster VI'', a group of 4 mines in the Kusunda Area, as of 2012, is as follows:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/56_CLuster-VI%20EIA-EMP%20of%20BCCL.pdf| title = Environmental Impact Assessment Plan and Environmental Management Plan | work= Cluster VI |publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited | accessdate = 19 June 2019}}</ref>

1. East Bassuriya colliery, with an [[Open-pit mining|open cast]] mine, has a normative production capacity of 1.500 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 1.950 million tonnes per year. It had an expected life of 10 years.

2. Bassuriya colliery, with an [[Mining#Underground mining|underground]] mine, has a normative production capacity of 0.120 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 0.156 million tonnes per year. It had an expected life of over 30 years.
{{OSM Location map
| width=330| height=220| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the central portion of Dhanbad Sadar subdivision in Dhanbad district''' MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: Census Town, N: Neighbourhood, R: Rural/ Urban centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|46|48|N|86|19|12|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Sijua | numbered1=N| mark-title1=[[Sijua]] (N)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|46|45|N|86|21|10|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Loyabad | numbered2=N| mark-title2= [[Loyabad]] (N)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|45|53|N|86|24|53|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bhagatdih | numbered3=N| mark-title3=[[Bhagatdih]] (N)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|47|25|N|86|22|31|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Basaria | numbered4=N| mark-title4= [[Basaria]] (N)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|49|0|N|86|23|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bhuli | numbered5=N| mark-title5= [[Bhuli, India]] (N)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|48|15|N|86|20|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chandaur | numbered6=N| mark-title6= [[Chandaur]] (N)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|22|13|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Chhatatanr | numbered7=N| mark-title7= [[Chhatatanr]] (N)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Dhaunsar | numbered8=N| mark-title8= [[Dhaunsar]] (N)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|23|42|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Godhar | numbered9=N| mark-title9= [[Godhar]] (N)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|19|44|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jogta | numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Jogta]] (N)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|48|36|N|86|20|24|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Tetulmari | numbered11=N| mark-title11= [[Tetulmari]] (N)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|48|28|N|86|24|8|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Wasseypur | numbered12=N| mark-title12= [[Wasseypur]] (N)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|49|15|N|86|27|50|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Saraidhela| numbered13=N| mark-title13= [[Saraidhela]] (N)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|45|5|N|86|25|13|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Jharia | numbered14=N| mark-title14= [[Jharia]] (N)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|44|41|N|86|24|10|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Jharia Khas| numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[Jharia Khas]] (N)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|45|47|N|86|28|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Belgaria | numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Belgaria]] (R)| shape-14 =#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|48|0|N|86|25|50|E}} | label-pos17=right|label-color17=#800000| label17= Dhanbad | numbered17=MC| mark-title17=[[Dhanbad]] (MC)|shape-color17=#800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|24|42|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=BCCL Bastacola Area |numbered18=0 | mark-title18=[[Bastacola Area]] (A)| label-size18=12| shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|46|55|N|86|23|30|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=BCCL Kusunda Area |numbered19=0 | mark-title19=Kusunda Area (A)|shape-color19=black| label-size19=13|label-color19=black 
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|52|N|86|19|53|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=BCCL Sijua Area |numbered20=0 | mark-title20=[[Sijua Area]] (A)| label-size20=12| shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|48|48|N|86|26|31|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= IIT (ISM) Dhanbad| numbered21=F||mark-title21= [[Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad|IIT (ISM) Dhanbad]] (F) |shape-color21=#967117
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|49|25|N|86|25|35|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= CIMFR – CSiR| numbered22=F| mark-title22= [[Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research]] (F) |shape-color22=#967117
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|49|50|N|86|26|40|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= BBMK University| numbered23=F| mark-title23= [[Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University]] (F) |shape-color23=#967117
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.7137|86.3475}}| label24=Damodar River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none}}

3. Gondudih Khas Kusunda colliery, with an open cast mine, has a normative production capacity of 2.000 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 2.600 million tonnes per year. It had an expected life of 25 years.

4. Godhur colliery had both an open cast and an underground mine. The open cast mine has a normative production capacity of 2.000 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 2.600 million tonnes per year. It had an expected life of 18 years. The underground mine has a normative production capacity of 0.250 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 0.325 million tonnes per year. It had an expected life of over 30 years.

An overview of the proposed mining activity plan in ''Cluster VII'', (only mines in the Kusunda Area mentioned here), as of 2010, is as follows:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormA/Miningletter/311912481216R5714FRApproval-new.pdf | title = Environmental clearance | work= Cluster VII |publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited | accessdate = 19 June 2019}}</ref>

1.Dhansar colliery had both an open cast and an underground mine. The open cast mine has a normative production capacity of 0.8 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 1.04 million tonnes per year. The underground mine has a normative production capacity of 0.372 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 0.484 million tonnes per year.

2.Kusunda colliery, with an open cast mine, has a normative production capacity of 2.000 million tonnes per year and a peak production capacity of 2.600 million tonnes per year.
3.Industry colliery – no production

==Mine fire==
Various parts of Baseria, Godhar, Industry, Khas Kusunda, Kusunda, Dhansar and East Baseria are affected by [[Coal-seam fire|mine fire]].<ref name=kusundaarea/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Operational Areas of BCCL}}

[[Category:Coal mining operational areas in Jharkhand]]

Ramgarh Coalfield

2022-05-25T06:13:56Z

2603:8000:D300:D0F:3000:C19E:8E1:70CB: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{For|disambiguation|Ramgarh (disambiguation){{!}}Ramgarh}}
{{Infobox mine
| name = Ramgarh Coalfield
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand
| pushpin_label = Ramgarh Coalfield
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23|35|53|N|85|40|34|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| place =
| subdivision_type = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| state/province = [[Jharkhand]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner = [[Central Coalfields Limited]]
| official website = http://ccl.gov.in/
| acquisition year = 1975
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| products =
| financial year =
| amount =
| opening year =
| closing year =
}}
'''Ramgarh Coalfield''' are located in [[Ramgarh district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Overview==
In 1917, L.S.S.O’Malley described the coalfields in the upper reaches of the [[Damodar River|Damodar]] as follows: “Near the western boundary of Jharia field is that of Bokaro, covering {{convert|220|sqmi|km2}}, with an estimated content of 1,500 million tons; close by is the Ramgarh field of (40 square miles), but the coal is believed to be of inferior quality. A still larger field in the same district is the Karanpura, which extends over {{convert|544|sqmi|km2}} and has an estimated capacity of 9,000 million tons.”<ref>L.S.S. O’Malley, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Sikkim, p.87, Cambridge University Press, 1917 (paper back 2011) {{ISBN|978-1-107-60064-5}}</ref>

==The Coalfield==
{{OSM Location map
| width=425| height=270| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|36|0|N|85|37|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Collieries in the CCL Ramgarh Coalfield''' U: Underground colliery, O: Open Cast colliery, M: Mixed colliery, W: Washery, S: Facility, A: Administrative headquarters, CT: census town, H: historical, religious, tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|38|51|N|85|34|11|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Karma colliery| numbered1=O| mark-title1= Karma colliery (O)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C42222 |shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|39|57|N|85|33|4|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Burakhap colliery| numbered2=O| mark-title2= Burakhap colliery (O)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|36|35|N|85|40|44|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Rajrappa colliery| numbered3=O| mark-title3= Rajrappa colliery (O)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|37|0|N|85|41|13|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Rajrappa washery| numbered4=W| mark-title4= Rajrappa washery (W) |shape-color4=#0048BA
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|35|24|N|85|40|37|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= CCL Rajrappa Area Office| numbered5=A| mark-title5=[[Rajrappa Area]] (A)|shape-color5=black| label-size5=13|label-color5=black
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|45|N|85|39|17|E}}| label-pos6=right|label6=Chitarpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Chitarpur]] (CT) |shape-color6= #A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|38|10|N|85|42|39|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Rajrappa|labela7= Waterfall| numbered7=H| mark-title7=[[Rajrappa]] (H) | shape-color7=#AA6666
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|37|57|N|85|42|20|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Maa Chhinamasta|labela8= Temple| numbered8=H| mark-title8=[[Chhinnamasta Temple]] (H) | shape-color8=#AA6666
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|38|0|N|85|36|0|E}} |label9= Damodar River|label-color9 = #77A1CB| label-angle9= 0| label-pos9=top| label-size9=10| mark-size9=0| mark-title9 =none
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|35|0|N|85|42|40|E}} |label10= Bhera River|label-color10 = #77A1CB| label-angle10= -90| label-pos10=top| label-size10=10| mark-size10=0| mark-title10 =none}}

Ramgarh Coalfield covers an area of {{convert|98|km2}} and has total coal reserves of 1,059.20 million tonnes.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ismenvis.nic.in/My_Webs/Digital_Library/GSingh/Critical%20evaluation%20of%20geo-environmental%20scenario....pdf | title = Critical Evaluation of Geo-Environmental Scenario of Damodar River Basin, Inia | last = Prasoon Kumar Singh, Gurdeep Singh and Brajendra Kumar Tiwary | access-date = 2008-08-26 }}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Reserves===
Geological reserves in the Ramgarh Coalfield in million tonnes as on 1/4/2010:<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.cmpdi.co.in/docfiles/coalreserve_010410.pdf |title = Inventory of Geological Resource of India Coal |publisher= CMPDI | access-date = 10 February 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Type of Coal||Proved||Indicated||Inferred (exploration)||Total
|-
|Medium coking coal||267.20||87.40|| ||354.60
|-
|Semi-coking coal||171.94||431.55||53.45||656.94
|-
|Non-coking coal||7.13||26.20||4.60||37.90
|-
!Total||446.27||545.15||58.05||1049.47
|-
|}

==Projects==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! CCL Operational Area||Projects
|-
|[[Rajrappa Area]]||Rajrappa OCP and Rajrappa Washery. The area office is at [[Rajrappa#Economy|Rajrappa]] 829101.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/rjrpa.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas - Rajrappa |publisher= CCL| access-date = 27 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kuju Area]]|| Karma opencast.The area office is at Hesagarha, [[Kuju, Ramgarh|Kuju]] 825316.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/kuju.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas - Kuju |publisher= CCL| access-date = 25 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Non-CCL mines ||Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation: Sugia, Rauta, Burakhap<ref>{{cite web| url =https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2016_PART_A_DCHB_RAMGARH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Series 21 Part XII A | work= Page 10: Minerals and Mining - Captive Coal Mining Blocks |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 10 February 2021}}</ref>
|}

==Transport==
In 1927, [[South Eastern Railway Zone, India|Bengal Nagpur Railway]] opened the {{convert|72|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Barkakana-Muri-Chandil line]] to traffic. In the same year the Central India Coalfields Railway opened the [[Asansol-Gaya section|Gomoh-Barkakana line]]. It was extended to Daltonganj in 1929. Later, these lines were amalgamated with [[East Indian Railway Company|East Indian Railway]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm | title = Indian Railway History Timeline | access-date = 2008-08-26 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229092028/http://irse.bravehost.com/IRHTML.htm | archive-date = 2012-02-29 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
[[Ramgarh district]]
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}
{{Damodar Valley}}
{{Coalfields}}

[[Category:Coalfields of India]]
[[Category:Mining in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Ramgarh district]]