Republic of Cyprus

2021-04-16T20:36:53Z

2601:640:4000:3170:1E4:1D49:DEE6:35E7: grammar

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Cyprus
| common_name = Cyprus
| image_flag = Flag of Cyprus.svg
| image_coat = Cyprus coat of arms 2006.svg
| image_map = EU-Cyprus.svg
| map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=green |region=the [[European Union]] |region_color=light green |legend=EU-Cyprus.svg}}
| national_motto =
| national_anthem = Hymn to Liberty
| official_languages = {{hlist|[[Greek language|Greek]]|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]}}
| regional_languages = {{unbulleted_list|[[Armenian language|Armenian]]|Cypriot Arabic}}
| common_languages = English and Russian
| languages_type = Vernacular languages
| languages = {{unbulleted_list|Cypriot Greek|Cypriot Turkish}}
| demonym = [[Cypriot (disambiguation)|Cypriot]], [[Greek Cypriot]], [[Turkish Cypriot]]
| ethnic_groups = 77% [[Greece|Greek]] 18% [[Turkish people|Turkish]] 5% others<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html|title=Cyprus|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=9 February 2010}}</ref>
| ethnic_groups_year = 2001
| capital = [[Southern Nicosia]] (νότια Λευκωσία, Güney Lefkoşa)
| latd = 35
| latm = 08
| latNS = N
| longd = 33
| longm = 28
| longEW = E
| largest_city = capital
| government_type = [[Presidential republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[President of Cyprus#List of Presidents|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Nicos Anastasiades]]
| accessionEUdate = 1 May 2004
| area_rank = 167th
| area_magnitude = 1_E9
| area_km2 = 9,251
| area_sq_mi = 3,572 
(''Includes North'')
| percent_water = negligible
| population_estimate = 803,147<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1|title=Total population as of 1 January|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=14 January 2010}}</ref> (''Does not include North'') 1,088,503 (whole island)
| population_estimate_year = 2010
| population_estimate_rank =
| population_census =
| population_census_year =
| population_density_km2 = 117
| population_density_sq_mi = 221 
| population_density_rank = 115th
| GDP_PPP = $23.190 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=53&pr.y=0&sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=423&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Cyprus|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=21 April 2011}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_year = 2010
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $28,256<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $23.174 billion<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2010
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $28,237<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini = 29
| Gini_ref =
| Gini_year = 2005
| Gini_rank = 19th
| Gini_category = low
| HDI_year = 2011
| HDI = 0.840
| HDI_change = increase
| HDI_ref =
| HDI_rank = 31st
| HDI_category = very high
| sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
| sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom]]
| established_event1 = [[Zürich and London Agreement]]
| established_date1 = 19 February 1959
| established_event2 = Proclaimed
| established_date2 = 16 August 1960
| currency = [[Euro]]2
| currency_code = EUR
| time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| drives_on = Left
| cctld = [[.cy]]3
| country_code = CY (ISO 3166)
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cyprus|357]]
| footnote1 = Also the national anthem of [[Greece]].
| footnote2 = Before 2008, the [[Cypriot pound]].
| footnote3 = The [[.eu]] domain is also used, shared with other [[European Union]] member states.
}}
[[File:Cy-map.png|thumb|upright=1.6|A map showing the division of Cyprus]]
[[File:Kyrenia 01-2017 img02 Castle exterior.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Kyrenia castle, northern Cyprus]]

The '''Republic of Cyprus''' is a island country in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and member state of the [[European Union]]. Cyprus is in [[Asia]], but it is often associated with [[Europe]] because of the [[culture]] and [[history]] of the people. It is also closer to [[Africa]] than to [[Europe]]. The capital is [[Nicosia]]. Most of the population speaks [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].

Cyprus is a popular tourist destination in Europe. In 2019, 4 million tourists visited the country. It is estimated, that Cyprus earned 2.7 million [[Euro|euros]] in that year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tourism|url=https://www.cyprusprofile.com/sectors/tourism|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.cyprusprofile.com|language=en}}</ref> Tourism is very important to the country, as tourism made up 23% of its [[economy]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyprus Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (% of GDP), 1995-2020 - knoema.com|url=https://knoema.com//atlas/Cyprus/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-Tourism-Total-Contribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDP-percent-of-GDP|access-date=2021-03-05|website=Knoema|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
[[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaeans]] of [[Ancient Greece]] were the first inhabitants of the island. Archaeological evidence shows that Greek settlement began in c. 1400 BC.<ref> https://www.greeknewsagenda.gr/topics/culture-society/7332-cyprus</ref> It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland Greece with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system. Cyprus is the only place outside England where an [[English people|English]] royal wedding took place. That was the wedding of [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] and [[Berengaria of Navarre]] on 12 May 1191.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F75NDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT409&dq=royal+wedding+in+cyprus+1191&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbl-2O8cXqAhWUTsAKHUe6CGgQ6AEwBHoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=royal%20wedding%20in%20cyprus%201191&f=false|title=Lonely Planet Cyprus|last=Lee|first=Jessica|last2=Bindloss|first2=Joe|last3=Quintero|first3=Josephine|last4=|first4=|date=2018-02-01|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2018|isbn=978-1-78701-175-5|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgow2014.com/celebrate/queens-baton-relay/international-stages/interactive-map/cyprus|title=Cyprus: Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games|accessdate=11 July 2020|publisher=Glasgow2014}}</ref>

Cyprus gained independence from the [[British Empire]] in 1960. The UK, Turkey and Greece became guarantor powers of the island.

In July 1974, [[Turkey]] invaded Cyprus. Since then the northern part of the island has been under Turkish occupation. The '''[[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]''' became de facto independent in 1983 but it is recognised only by [[Turkey]]. When entering by aeroplane, a short stop is made at an airport in mainland Turkey.

The present situation with the island split came about because Cyprus, historically Greek, was conquered and became part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from 1570{{ndash}}1914. The [[British]] administered it from 1878 until 1960. Likewise, Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire for several centuries. Negotiations for a unified island have been held several times without success.

In 2004, Cyprus joined the [[European Union]]. On 1 January 2008 Cyprus adopted the [[Euro]], the single European currency.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyprus and the euro|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/euro-area/euro/eu-countries-and-euro/cyprus-and-euro_en|access-date=2021-03-05|website=European Commission - European Commission|language=en}}</ref> Although the official [[currency]] of Northern Cyprus is the [[Turkish lira|Turkish Lira]], many shops accept Euros and British pounds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-21|title=North Cyprus Currency {{!}} North Cyprus Property Consultants|url=https://northcyprusinternational.com/north-cyprus-currency/|access-date=2021-03-05|website=North Cyprus Property|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Currency and Money Advice for North Cyprus Villa Holiday|url=https://www.amyvillas.co.uk/cyprus/currency.asp|access-date=2021-03-05|website=www.amyvillas.co.uk}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Cyprus is the third largest island in the [[Mediterranean Sea]], after the Italian islands of [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biggest Islands In The Mediterranean Sea By Area|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/biggest-islands-in-the-mediterranean-sea.html|access-date=2021-03-05|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref>

There are two mountain ranges, the [[Troodos Mountains]] and the smaller [[Kyrenia Mountains|Kyrenia Range]]. The [[Pedieos River]] is the longest on the island. The highest point on Cyprus is [[Mount Olympus (Cyprus)|Mount Olympus]] at {{convert|1952|m|abbr=off}}.

The Republic of Cyprus is only on the southern two-thirds of the island (59.74%). The [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] is the northern third (34.85%) and rest are [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] owned by the British.

== Politics ==
The Republic of Cyprus is a [[constitutional]] presidential [[republic]]. Each president is elected for a five-year term. The president has a lot of power. Cyprus is the only member of the European Union that is governed by a presidential system of government. It is one of few countries (along with [[San Marino]]) to have had a democratically-elected [[communist]] government, in office from 2008 until 2013. Since 2013 governing party has been the Democratic Rally.

The [[European Union]] issued a warning in February 2019 that Cyprus, an EU member, was selling EU [[passport]]s to Russian [[Oligarchy|oligarch]]s. This would allow allow [[organised crime]] syndicates to get into the EU.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/cyprus-golden-passports-bring-russians-eu-190202172320680.html|title=Cyprus 'golden passports' bring Russians into the EU|work=Al Jazeera |access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204165732/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/cyprus-golden-passports-bring-russians-eu-190202172320680.html|archive-date=4 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020 leaked documents revealed a range of former and current officials from [[Afghanistan]], [[China]], [[Dubai]], [[Lebanon]], the [[Russian Federation]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Ukraine]] and [[Vietnam]] who bought a Cypriot citizenship before a change of the law in July 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/exclusive-cyprus-sold-passports-politically-exposed-persons-200823204320183.html|title=Exclusive: Cyprus sold passports to 'politically exposed persons'|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=24 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rakopoulos |first1=Theodoros |last2=Fischer |first2=Leandros |title=In Cyprus, the Golden Passports Scheme Shows Us How Capitalism and Corruption Go Hand in Hand |journal=Jacobin |date=10 November 2020 |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2020/11/cyprus-golden-passports-citizenship-corruption |accessdate=13 November 2020}}</ref> Cyprus and [[Turkey]] have been engaged in a dispute over the extent of their [[exclusive economic zone]]s. It was apparently caused by the potential for [[oil]] and [[gas]] exploration in the area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyprus: EU 'appeasement' of Turkey in exploration row will go nowhere |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-turkey-eu-cyprus-idUSKCN25D1FZ |work=Reuters |date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

==Districts==
The Republic of Cyprus is divided into six districts:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/abc/maps/members/cyprus_en.htm |title=EUROPA – The EU at a glance – Maps – Cyprus |work=Europa (web portal) |accessdate=27 March 2009}}</ref> [[Nicosia]], [[Famagusta District|Famagusta]], [[Kyrenia District|Kyrenia]], [[Larnaca District|Larnaca]], [[Limassol District|Limassol]] and [[Paphos District|Paphos]]. These are not the same as those of Northern Cyprus.

==Cities==
{{Largest cities
|name = Largest cities of Cyprus
|country = Cyprus
|kind = municipalities
|stat_ref = [http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2 CYstat – ''Population — Place of Residence, 2011'' (Cyprus Census 2011)] (sheet C1); [http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20ikinci_.pdf DPÖ –Northern Cyprus 2011 Population and Housing Census]
|list_by_pop = List of cities, towns and villages in Cyprus
|div_name = District
|class = nav

|city_1 = Nicosia{{!}}Nicosia (north and south)
|div_1 = Nicosia District{{!}}Nicosia
|pop_1 = 200,452
|img_1 = Fascinating view of Nicosia during day Republic of Cyprus.JPG
|city_2 = Limassol
|div_2 = Limassol District{{!}}Limassol
|pop_2 = 154,000
|img_2 = View of Limassol 01.JPG

|city_3 = Strovolos
|div_3 = Nicosia District{{!}}Nicosia
|pop_3 = 67,904
|img_3 = Izgled-Strovolos-5.jpg

|city_4 = Larnaca
|div_4 = Larnaca District{{!}}Larnaca
|pop_4 = 51,468
|img_4 = Larnaca 01-2017 img31 Salt Lake.jpg

|city_5 = Famagusta
|div_5 = Famagusta District{{!}}Famagusta
|pop_5 = 42,526

|city_6 = Lakatamia
|div_6 = Nicosia District{{!}}Nicosia
|pop_6 = 38,435

|city_7 = Kyrenia
|div_7 = Kyrenia District{{!}}Kyrenia
|pop_7 = 33,207

|city_8 = Paphos
|div_8 = Paphos District{{!}}Paphos
|pop_8 = 32,892

|city_9 = Kato Polemidhia
|div_9 = Limassol District{{!}}Limassol
|pop_9 = 22,369

|city_10 = Aglandjia
|div_10 = Nicosia District{{!}}Nicosia
|pop_10 = 20,783

}}

== Related pages ==
* [[Cyprus at the Olympics]]
* [[Cyprus national football team]]
* [[List of rivers of Cyprus]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==
{{commons|cyprus}}
* [http://www.cyprus-tube.com Cyprus Videos]
* [http://cyprus.europe-countries.com Cyprus Pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801144901/http://cyprus.europe-countries.com/ |date=2018-08-01 }}
* [http://www.europe-atlas.com/cyprus-map.htm Cyprus Map]
* [http://www.cypruslinks.com/ CyprusLinks.com]
* [http://www.windowoncyprus.com/ Cyprus Tourist Guide]

{{Europe}}
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{{geo-stub}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:European Union member states|Cyprus]]
[[Category:Republic of Cyprus| ]]

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Republic of Cyprus