Shaukat Ali (politician)

2022-01-03T03:39:35Z

2600:8807:578F:5200:ED8D:5009:CC39:3BE1: /* Roads */

{{Short description|Indian activist}}
{{Other people|Shawkat Ali}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shaukat Ali
| image = Mshaukat.jpg
| birth_date = 10 March 1873
| birth_place = [[Rampur State]], [[British Raj|India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|11|26|1873|10|19|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Karol Bagh]], [[Delhi]], [[British Raj|India]]
| parents = Abdul Ali Khan(father)<br>[[Abadi Bano Begum]] (mother) affectionately known as Halima II (1852- 13 November 1924)
| movement = [[Khilafat movement]]
}}
[[Mawlānā|'''Maulana''']] '''Shaukat Ali''' (10 March 1873– 26 November 1938; Urdu: مولانا شوكت علي) was an [[Indian subcontinent|Indian]] [[Muslim]] leader of the [[Khilafat Movement]]. He was the elder brother of the renowned political leader [[Mohammad Ali Jouhar]].<ref name=storyofpakistan>{{cite web|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-shaukat-ali|title= Profile of Shaukat Ali (politician) Maulana Shaukat Ali|website=storyofpakistan.com website|date=1 June 2003|access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Shaukat Ali was born in 1873 in [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]] state in what is today [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India but later played role in partition of India on religious lines. He was educated at the [[Aligarh Muslim University]]. He was extremely fond of playing [[cricket]], captaining the university team.<ref name=paknetmag/>

Ali served in the [[civil service]] of the United Provinces of [[Oudh]] and [[Agra]] for 17 years in [[British India]].<ref name=storyofpakistan/>

==Khilafat movement==
Shaukat Ali helped his younger brother [[Mohammad Ali Jouhar]] publish the [[Urdu]] weekly ''Hamdard'' and the [[England|English]] weekly ''Comrade''. In 1915 he published an article which said Turks were right to fight the British. These two weekly magazines played a key role in shaping the political policy of Muslim India back then.<ref name=storyofpakistan/> In 1919, while jailed for publishing what the British charged as seditious materials and organizing protests, he was elected as the last president of the [[Khilafat]] conference. He was re-arrested and imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 for his support to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and the [[Indian National Congress]] during the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] (1919–1922). His fans accorded him and his brother the title of ''[[Maulana]]''. In March 1922, he was in [[Rajkot]] jail and was later released in 1923.<ref name=storyofpakistan/>

==Nehru report ==
While still a supporter of Congress and its non-violent ethos, Ali even surpassed some of his colleagues in also providing support to the revolutionary independence movement. To this end, he supplied guns to [[Sachindranath Sanyal]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s |first1=S. K. |last1=Mittal |first2=Irfan |last2=Habib |journal=Social Scientist |volume=10 |issue=6 |date=June 1982 |pages=20–37 |doi=10.2307/3517065 |jstor=3517065}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

He opposed the 1928 [[Nehru Report]]. Instead, he demanded separate electorates for Muslims and finally the Khilafat Committee rejected the Nehru Report. Shaukat Ali attended the first and second [[Round Table Conferences (India)]] in [[London]] in 1930-31. His brother Jouhar died in 1931, and Shaukat Ali continued on and organized the World Muslim Conference in [[Jerusalem]].

In 1936, Ali became a member of the [[All India Muslim League]] and became a close political ally of and campaigner for [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the future founder of [[Pakistan]]. He served as member of the 'Central Assembly' in British India from 1934 to 1938. He travelled all over the [[Middle East]], building support for India's Muslims and the struggle for independence from the British rule in India.<ref name=storyofpakistan/>

==Death and legacy==
[[File:Maulana Shaukat Ali 1932.jpg|thumb|Maulana Shaukat Ali with his wife 1932]]
Shaukat Ali died on 26 November 1938 at the residence of Begum Mohammad Ali Jauhar, the widow of his brother, in [[Karol Bagh]], a neighbourhood in [[Delhi]]. His body was buried near [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]], mina bazar in Shaukat Ali Masjid, Delhi on 26 November 1938.<ref>{{cite news|title=Country Mourns For Maulana Shaukat Ali|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-84-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=9ksMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6371%2C8157668|access-date=4 November 2019|work=The Indian Express|date=29 November 1938|page=2 (Archived on GoogleNews)}}</ref>

===Commemorative postage stamp===
[[Pakistan Postal Services]] issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in 1995 in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series.<ref name=paknetmag>{{cite web|url=https://paknetmag.blogspot.com/search/label/Stamps%20of%20Pakistan%20Year%27s%201995|title= Maulana Shaukat Ali's commemorative postage stamp issued by the Pakistan Postal Services in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series (1995)|website=paknetmag.com website|access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>

===Roads===
A street in Mumbai (formerly [[Grant Road]]) is named after him.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Maulana Shaukat Ali}}
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/maulana-shaukat-ali Maulana Shaukat Ali materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaukat Ali, Maulana}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:People from Rampur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]

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Shaukat Ali (politician)