Principality of Farrukhnagar

2022-06-27T05:08:16Z

2600:8803:7C87:E600:A065:44F4:6EFC:B3B0:

{{more citations needed|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|subdivision = Autonomous Dynasty
|nation = [[Baloch people|Baloch]]
|conventional_long_name = Nawab of Farrukhnagar
|image = Baloch Folk Heros.jpg
|image_caption = Baluch chiefs of Farrukhnagar in 1876
|year_start = 1732
|year_end = 1857
|p1 = Mughal Empire
|flag_p1 =
|p2 =
|flag_p2 =
|s1 = British Empire
}}

The '''Farrukhnagar''' was a [[Baloch people|Baloch]] state situated in what is now modern-day [[Haryana]]. This state was founded by '''Dalil Khan Baloch''', surnamed ''Faujdar Khan'' in the time of [[Farrukhsiyar]]. The courtier made over his title in turn to a Baloch noble, Faujdár Khán, who was appointed Nawab of Farrukhnagar in 1732. The Nawab' s dominions embraced the present Districts of [[Hisar district|Hisar]] and [[Rohtak]], besides part of [[Gurgaon]] and a considerable region since annexed by the [[Sikh]] [[Jat]] rulers of [[Jind]] and [[Patiala State|Patiala]].<ref name="YLpq5" />

== Suraj Mal takes Farrukhnagar ==

Dalil Khan was succeeded by Kamgar Khan and Musa Khan, in whose time the principality fell into the hands of [[Suraj Mal]], the [[Jat people|Jat]] ruler of [[Bharatpur State]], who incorporated it into [[Haryana|Hariana]] around 1750 CE. His son's Jawahir Singh, Nawal Singh, and [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]], held it in succession and called it Farrukhnagar.

== Musa Khan Baloch recovers Farrukhnagar ==

In the time of Ranjit Singh (1768-1806 CE), Musa Khan made secret preparations and attacked Farrukhnagar with a force of 1,500 men. As they were unable to directly face Jat army, Musa put his troops into ''[[Litter (vehicle)|palki]]'' carriages dressed as veiled woman, and sent them towards Farrukhnagar like a marriage procession. The procession went on thus to Baqargah (or Kandri), near [[Najafgarh]] at a distance of 8 [[Kos (unit)|kos]] from Farrukhnagar. Near this place was a fort called Shahjahanabad full of the Jat Rajas troops, who came out unarmed to see this marriage procession. The Nawab's veiled men suddenly came out of the carriages, and fell up on the unarmed unaware men of Jat Raja. Baloch took the Shahjahanabad fort and reached Farrukhnagar that night, and besieged. The Bhartpur's Deputy, Diwan Hushhal Rai, vacated the fort and which was then held by Musa Khan till his death.<ref name="pKWI4" />

== See also ==

* [[History of Haryana]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="YLpq5">{{Cite book|last=Hunter|first=Sir William Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JQbAQAAIAAJ&q=Faujd%C3%A1r+Kh%C3%A1n+handed+down+his+possessions+to+his+son+%2C+who+held+them+with+varying+fortunes+till+his+death+in+1760&pg=PA69|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|date=1887|publisher=Trübner & Company|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="pKWI4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI9EAQAAMAAJ&q=Musa+Khan+attacked+Farrukhnagar&pg=PA31|title=Panjab Notes and Queries|date=1883|publisher=Pioneer Press|language=en}}</ref>
}}

{{Haryana}}
{{Tourism in India}}

[[Category:Baloch families]]
[[Category:Gurgaon]]
[[Category:History of Haryana]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]

Carnatic Sultanate

2022-06-27T05:05:15Z

2600:8803:7C87:E600:A065:44F4:6EFC:B3B0:

{{short description|State in southern India from 1692 to 1855}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = Nawab of Arcot
| common_name = Nawab of the Carnatic
| image_map = IGI1908India1765a.jpg
| image_map_caption = Nawabate of Arcot, on the Bay of Bengal, marked as "Carnatic" at its height of power.
| image_flag = Flag of Nawab.svg
| era = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal rule in India]] 
[[Company rule in India]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| title_leader = Nawab
| year_start = 1692
| year_end = 1855
| event1 = [[Siege of Arcot]]
| date_event1 = 23 September – 14 November 1751
| event2 = [[Carnatic Treaty]]
| date_event2 = 26 July 1801
| event_pre = Progenitor of family appointed governor
| date_pre = 1692
| p1 = Madurai Nayak
| s1 = Company rule in India
| flag_s1 = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
| capital = [[Gingee]] (1692–1710), [[Arcot]] (1710–1768), [[Chepauk]] (1768–1855)
| common_languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| today = [[India]]
| demonym =
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| conventional_long_name = Nawab of the Carnatic
| status_text = [[Dependent territory|Dependency]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] (1692–1710) De jure [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]
Independent (1710–1801)
[[Princely State]] under the paramountcy of the [[British East India Company]] (1801–1855)
| status = Dependency of the [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Hyderabad State]] (1692–1749) De jure [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] dependency under the paramountcy of the [[British East India Company]] (1749–1855)
}}

The '''Carnatic''' '''Sultanate''' was a kingdom in [[South India]] between about 1690 and 1855, and was under the legal purview of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], until their demise.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdmcAAAAQBAJ|title=The History of India|editor=Kenneth Pletcher|date=2010-04-01|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|isbn=9781615302017|pages=219|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eAEyAmYRNNQC|title=Political History of Carnatic Under the Nawabs|last=Ramaswami|first=N. S.|date=1984-01-01|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=9780836412628|pages=104|language=en}}</ref> They initially had their capital at [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]] in the present-day Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and [[Coromandel Coast]] regions, in which the [[Mughal Empire]] gave way to the rising influence of the [[Maratha Empire]], and later the emergence of the [[British Raj]].

== Carnatic ==
{{see also|Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)}}
The old province known as the Carnatic, in which [[Madras]] (Chennai) was situated, extended from the [[Krishna river]] to the [[Kaveri river]], and was bounded on the West by [[Mysore kingdom]] and [[Dindigul]], (which formed part of the [[Sultanate of Mysore]]). The Northern portion was known as the '[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]', the Southern the '[[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]' with the [[Maratha]] fortresses of [[Gingee]] and [[Ranjankudi Fort|Ranjankudi]]. Carnatic thus was the name commonly given to the region of Southern India that stretches from the [[East Godavari]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in the North, to the [[Maratha]] fort of Ranjangudi in the south (including the [[Kaveri River]] delta) and [[Coromandal Coast]] in the east to [[Western Ghats]] in the west.

==History==

With the decline of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] in 1646, the Hindu viceroys [[Nayak dynasties|Nayaks]], established in Madurai, Tanjore and Kanchi made themselves independent, only in their turn to become tributary to the kings of Golconda and Bijapur, who divided the Carnatic between them. [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] in 1692 appointed [[Zulfikhar Ali Khan]] as the first [[subahdar]] of the Carnatic with his seat at Arcot as a reward for his victory over the [[Maratha]]s led by [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.san.beck.org/2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html |title=Mughal Empire 1526-1707 by Sanderson Beck |publisher=San.beck.org |access-date=2012-03-04}}</ref> The Carnatic Sultanate controlled a vast territory south of the [[Krishna river]]. The Nawab [[Saadatullah Khan I]] (1710–1732) moved his court from Gingee to [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]]. His successor Dost Ali (1732–1740) conquered and annexed [[Madurai]] in 1736.
In 1740, the [[Maratha]] forces descended on Arcot. They attacked the Nawab, [[Dost Ali Khan]], in the pass of Damalcherry. In the war that followed, Dost Ali, one of his sons Hasan Ali, and a number of prominent persons lost their lives. This initial success at once enhanced Maratha prestige in the south. From Damalcherry the Marathas proceeded to Arcot, which surrendered to them without much resistance. Chanda Sahib and his son were arrested and sent to [[Nagpur]]. The Nawabs of the Carnatic were the [[Rowther|Rowthers]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tschacher|first=Torsten|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50208020|title=Islam in Tamilnadu : varia|date=2001|publisher=Institut für Indologie und Südasienwissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg|isbn=3-86010-627-9|location=Halle (Saale)|pages=94,95|oclc=50208020}}</ref>

[[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]] (1749–1795) became the ruler in 1765.

The growing influences of the English and the French and their colonial wars had a huge impact on the Carnatic. Wallajah supported the English against the French and [[Hyder Ali]], placing him heavily in debt. As a result, he had to surrender much of his territory to the [[British East India Company|East India Company]]. [[Paul Benfield]], an English business man, made one of his major loans to the Nawab for the purpose of enabling him, who with the aid of the English, had invaded and conquered the [[Maratha]] state of Tanjore.

The thirteenth Nawab, Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan (1825–1855), died without issue, and the British annexed the Carnatic Nawabdom, applying the [[doctrine of lapse]]. Ghouse Khan's uncle Azim Jah was created the first Prince of Arcot (Amir-e-Arcot) in 1867 by [[Queen Victoria]], and was given a tax free-pension in perpetuity.

==List of rulers==
===[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Subedar of the Carnatic===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Name
! Reign began
! Reign ended
!Notes
|-
! 1
| [[Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung]]
| 1692
| 1703
|Son of Asad Khan who is renowned nobleman of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]].
|-
! 2
| [[Daud Khan Panni]]
| 1703
| 1710
|Before he was made Nawab, the Emperor [[Aurangazeb]] appointed him as a leading commander of the [[Mughal Army]].
|-
! 3
| [[Saadatullah Khan I|Sa'adatullah Khan I]]
| 1710
| 1732
|He was the last Mughal governor who was appointed as Nawab of [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]. Having no children, he adopted his brother [[Ghulam Ali Khan]]'s son [[Dost Ali Khan]] as his own and nominated him as successor.
|}

=== Independent Nawabs of Carnatic ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1
| [[Saadatullah Khan I|Sa'adatullah Khan I]]
| 1710
| 1732
|He was the last Mughal governor who was appointed as Nawab of [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]]. Having no children, he adopted his brother [[Ghulam Ali Khan]]'s son [[Dost Ali Khan]] as his own and nominated him as successor.
|-
! 2
| [[Dost Ali Khan]]
| 1732
| 1740
|Nephew of [[Saadatullah Khan I|Sa'adatullah Khan I]]
|-
! 3
| [[Safdar Ali Khan]]
| 1740
| 1742
|Son of [[Dost Ali Khan]]
|-
! [[De facto]]
| [[Nawab Muruza Ali Khan]]
| November 1742
| December 1742
| Cousin and Brother-in-Law of [[Safdar Ali Khan]]
|-
! 4
| [[Saadatullah Khan II|Sa'adatullah Khan II]]
| 1742
| 1744
|Son of [[Safdar Ali Khan]].He was murdered in July 1744 at [[Arcot]]. So, with him, the '''first''' dynasty of the [[Nawab of Arcot]] came to an end.
|-
! 5
| [[Anwaruddin Khan]]
| 1744
| 3 August 1749
|He was the 1st [[Nawab of the Carnatic|Nawab of Arcot]] of the '''second''' dynasty. [[Subedar]] of [[Thatta]] from 1721-1733
|}

===Nawabs of Carnatic under European influence===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Names
! Reign began
! Reign ended
!Notes
|- style="background:silver"
! 1
| [[Chanda Shahib]]
| 1749
| 1752
| Son-in-law of the [[Dost Ali Khan]],<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=151, 154–158}}</ref> under whom he worked as a [[Dewan]]
|- style="background:yellow"
! 2
| [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah|Muhammad Ali Khan Wala-Jah]]
| 3 August 1749
| 16 October 1795
|Son of [[Anwaruddin Khan]]
|- style="background:yellow"
! 3
| [[Umdat ul-Umara]]
| 1795
| 1801
|Son of [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah|Muhammad Ali Khan Wala-Jah]]
|-
|- style="background:yellow"
!4
|[[Azim-ud-Daula]]*
|1801
|1819
|Signed the [[Carnatic Treaty]] ceding tax rights to the [[British Empire|British]]
|}

=== Nawabs of Carnatic as a [[Protectorate|British Protectorate]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:yellow"
! 1
| [[Azim-ud-Daula]]*
| 1801
| 1819
|Nephew of [[Umdat ul-Umara]]
|- style="background:yellow"
! 2
| [[Azam Jah of the Carnatic|Azam Jah]]
| 1819
| 1825
|Son of [[Azim-ud-Daula]]
|- style="background:yellow"
! 3
| [[Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan]]
| 1825
| 1855
|Son of [[Azam Jah of the Carnatic|Azam Jah]].
He died in 1855 at the age of 31. He did not leave behind any male heir.
|}
* ''Silver shade signifies the [[French East India Company]]''
* ''Yellow shade signifies the [[British East India Company]]''
* ''* Signed the [[Carnatic Treaty]] ceding tax rights''

===Princes of Arcot===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: LightSteelBlue;" colspan="7" |Lineage
|-
! Amir
! Reign
!Notes
|-
| [[Azim Jah of Arcot|Azim Jah]] || 1867–1874
|younger son of [[Azim-ud-Daula]]
The [[Chepauk Palace]], the official residence of the princes of the Carnatic had been taken over by the British in 1859.

He constructed a new residence, the [[Amir Mahal]], in [[Royapettah]].
|-
| Sir [[Zahir-ud-Daula]] Bahadur || 1874–1879
|Son of [[Azim Jah of Arcot|Azim Jah]]
|-
| [[Intizam-ul-Mulk]] Muazzal ud-Daula Bahadur || 1879–1889
|younger son of [[Azim Jah of Arcot|Azim Jah]]
|-
| Sir [[Muhammad Munawar Khan]] Bahadur || 1889–1903
|nephew of [[Intizam-ul-Mulk]]
|-
| Sir [[Ghulam Muhammad Ali Khan]] Bahadur || 1903–1952
|Son of [[Muhammad Munawar Khan]]
|-
| [[Ghulam Mohiuddin Khan]] Bahadur || 1952–1969
|younger son of [[Muhammad Munawar Khan]]
|-
| [[Ghulam Mohammed Abdul Khader]] || 1969–1993
|Son of [[Ghulam Mohiuddin Khan]]
|-
| [[Muhammed Abdul Ali]] || 1993–
|Son of [[Ghulam Mohammed Abdul Khader]]
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Fort St. George, Chennai.jpg|In the year 1702, [[Daud Khan of the Carnatic|Nawab Daud Khan]], the [[Mughal Empire]]'s local [[Subedar]] of the [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]], besieged and blockaded [[Fort St. George]] for more than three months,<ref>{{cite book |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=yQgt5SYepi8C |page=11 }} |title=A miscellany of mutinies and massacres in India |author=Terence R. Blackburn }}</ref> the governor of the fort, [[Thomas Pitt]], was instructed by the [[British East India Company]] to vie for peace
Death of the Nabob of the Carnatic by Paul Philippoteaux.jpg|Death of the [[Nawab]] [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]] in a battle against the [[French people|French]] in 1749, by Paul Philipoteaux
WAR ELEPHANTS CHARGE THE GATES OF THE FORT AT ARCOT..gif|The [[Siege of Arcot]] was a major battle fought between [[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive|Robert Clive]] and the combined forces of the [[Mughal Empire]]'s '''Nawab of the Carnatic''', [[Chanda Sahib]], assisted by a small number of troops from the [[French East India Company]]
Wallajah2.jpg|[[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]], (1717–1795)
Umdat ul-Umara.jpg|[[Umdat ul-Umara]] the Nawab of the Carnatic was a covert ally of [[Tipu Sultan]]
Azim Jah.jpg|[[Azim Jah]], eleventh and penultimate Nawab of the Carnatic, 1867 to 1874.
Azim-ud-Daula, Nawab of the Carnatic and His Son Azam Jah.jpg|Azim-ud-Daula, Nawab of the Carnatic and his son Azam Jah.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Monarchy|India|History
}}
* [[Carnatic Wars]]
* [[Amir Mahal]]
* [[Nawab of Masulipatam]]
* [[Nawab of Banganapalle]]
* [[Nawab of Savanur]]
* [[History of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/a/arcot.html Indian Princely States on www.uq.net.au]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040218012719/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/02/01/stories/2004020100120200.htm The House of Arcot]
{{Princely states annexed by British India}}{{Mughal Empire}}
{{coords|24.18|88.27|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nawab Of The Carnatic}}
[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]]
[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:Nawabs of the Carnatic| ]]
[[Category:Islam in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Former sultanates]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Principality of Farrukhnagar

Carnatic Sultanate