Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814

2020-12-24T04:21:59Z

2600:1702:6D0:5160:8914:76F4:A136:C93C:

{{short description|1814 treaty also known as the Convention of London}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox treaty
|name = Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
|type = [[Bilateral treaty]]
|date_signed = {{date and age|1814|08|13|df=y}}
|signatories = {{plainlist|style=text-indent:-2.1em;margin-left:2.1em;|
* {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom of {{nowr|Great Britain and Ireland}}|size=20px}}
* {{flag|Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|name=Sovereign Principality of {{nowr|the United Netherlands}}|size=20px}}}}
|wikisource = Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
}}

The '''Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814''' (also known as the '''Convention of London'''; {{lang-nl|Verdrag van Londen}}) was signed by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|the Netherlands]] in London on 13 August 1814.

The treaty restored most of the territories in [[Invasion of Java (1811)|Malaya that Britain had seized]] in the [[Napoleonic Wars]], but confirmed British possession of the [[Cape Colony]] on the southern tip of Africa, as well as portions of South America. It was signed by [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh]], on behalf of the British and diplomat Hendrik Fagel, on behalf of the Dutch.{{sfn|Wright|1950|pp=229–239}}

== Terms ==

=== Possessions ===
The treaty returned the colonial possessions of the Dutch as they were at 1 January 1803, before the outbreak of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, with the exception of the [[Dutch Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]] and the South American settlements of [[Demerara]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]] and [[Berbice]], where the Dutch retained trading rights.{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=198}}

In addition, the British ceded the island of [[Bangka Island|Banca]] off the island of [[Sumatra]] in exchange for the settlement of [[Kochi, India|Cochin]] in India and its dependencies on the [[Dutch Malabar|coast of Malabar]]. The Dutch also ceded the district of [[Bernagore]], situated close to [[Calcutta]], in exchange for an annual fee.

=== Cooperation ===
The treaty also noted a declaration of 15 June 1814 by the Dutch, that ships for the [[slave trade]] were no longer permitted in British ports. That restriction would be extended to a ban on involvement in the slave trade by Dutch citizens. Britain also agreed to pay £1,000,000 to Sweden to resolve [[Guadeloupe Fund|a claim]] to the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Guadeloupe]].{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=200–204}}

The British and the Dutch agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving the defences of the [[Low Countries]].{{sfn|Robson|1931|p=200}} More funds, of up to £3,000,000,{{sfn|Robson|1931|pp=213–214}} are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland."{{sfn|Muller|1935|p=562}}

Disputes arising from the treaty were the subject of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]].

== See also ==
* [[Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty|Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty of 1818]]
* [[Anglo-Dutch treaties of 1870–1871]]
* [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]

== References ==

=== Footnotes ===
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Muller
|first = H.
|date = Dec 1935
|title = The Acquisition of Cape Colony by the British
|journal = [[The Geographical Journal]]
|volume = 86
|issue = 6
|pages = 561–562
|jstor = 1786285
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Robson
|first = W. H.
|date = Jun 1931
|title = New Light on Lord Castlereagh's Diplomacy
|journal = [[The Journal of Modern History]]
|volume = 3
|issue = 2
|pages = 198–218
|jstor = 1871714
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Worsfold
|first = W. B.
|date = 1897
|title = South Africa: a study in colonial administration and development
|title-link = :iarchive:southafricastudy00wors
|location = London
|publisher = [[Methuen & Co.]]
|oclc = 679893341
}}
*{{cite journal
|last = Wright
|first = H. R. C.
|date = 1950
|title = The Anglo-Dutch Dispute in the East, 1814–1824
|journal = [[Economic History Review]]
|volume = 3
|issue = 2
|pages = 229–239
|jstor = 2590770
}}
{{refend}}

{{Political history of South Africa|state=collapsed}}
{{Cape Town|history}}
[[Category:1810s in Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:1810s in the Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:1814 in British law]]
[[Category:1814 in the British Empire]]
[[Category:1814 in the Dutch Empire]]
[[Category:1814 in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:1814 treaties]]
[[Category:August 1814 events]]
[[Category:British rule in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Curaçao and Dependencies]]
[[Category:Dutch conquest of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:History of Guyana]]
[[Category:History of Kochi]]
[[Category:History of the Dutch Caribbean]]
[[Category:Napoleonic Wars treaties]]
[[Category:Netherlands–United Kingdom treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)]]
[[Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands]]

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Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814