Hamsadhvani

2021-06-17T02:10:27Z

2409:4072:99F:DDBB:B8DD:1EB6:1914:EF40: /* Film songs */

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Hamsadhvani
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]]
| type = Audava
| time = Early night, 9–12<ref name="Bor" />
| season =
| arohana = S R G P N Ṡ<ref name="Bor" />
| avarohana = Ṡ N P G R S<ref name="Bor" />
| vadi = P
| samavadi = R
| pakad = G P N - Ṡ N P G
| chalan =
| synonym = {{ubl|Hansadhvani<ref name="Bor" />|Hans Dhwani}}
| equivalent =
| similar = [[Shankara (raga)|Shankara]]
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Hamsadhvani''' (meaning "the cry of the swan"<ref name="Bor">{{cite book |last1=Bor |first1=Joep |last2=Rao |first2=Suvarnalata |title=The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindusthani Ragas |date=1999 |publisher=Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music |isbn=978-0-9543976-0-9 |page=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCnoMgEACAAJ |language=en}}</ref>) also spelled as ''Hansadhwani'', is a [[rāga]] in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale).<ref name="OBrien 1977 p. 37">{{cite book | last=O'Brien | first=J.P. | title=Non-western Music and the Western Listener | publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company | year=1977 | isbn=978-0-8403-1755-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mr8ZAQAAIAAJ | access-date=26 May 2021 | page=37}}</ref> It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāga of the [[Melakartha]] raga, [[Dheerasankarabharanam]] (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's [[prayoga]] or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of [[Kalyani (rāga)|Kalyani]] (65th).

''Hamsadhvani'' is also extensively used in [[Hindustani music]] and said to be borrowed into it from Carnatic music.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817),<ref>[http://www.carnatica.net/special/rdiksitar.htm P.P.Narayanaswami on www.carnatica.net]</ref> father of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] by [[Aman Ali Khan]] of the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]]. It has become popular due to [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]].

== Structure and lakshana ==
[[File:Hamsadhwani scale.svg|300px|thumb|''Hamsadhvani'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Hamsadhvani'' does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''dhavathum''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' ragam<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> in Carnatic music classification – ''audava'' meaning 'of 5'). Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : S R2 G3 P N3 S
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : S N3 P G3 R2 S

[[File:Hamsadhwani.wav|thumb|Hamsadhwani]]

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam'' and ''kakali nishadam''. In Hindustani music, it is associated with ''[[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]] [[thaat]]'' (equivalent of ''Shankarabharanam'').

== Compositions ==
''Hamsadhvani'' rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance.<ref name="raganidhi" /> There are many ''[[kriti]]s'' (compositions) in praise of [[Lord Ganesha]] set in this musical scale.

* ''Jalajaskhiro'' an [[adi Talam]] [[Varnam]]
* ''Raghunāyaka'',''Śrī Raghukula'' and ''Abhi&zwnj;shta varada'' by [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''[[Vatapi Ganapatim|Vātāpi Gaṇapatiṃ]]'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
* ''Pāhi Śripatē'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma]]
* ''Varanamukha vā'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
* ''Mūlādhāra mūrti'' and ''Karunai seivai'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]] in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
* ''Gajavadana beduvae'' by [[Purandaradasa]]
* ''Vināyakā'' by [[Veena Kuppayyar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
* ''Varavallabha Ramaṇa'' by [[G. N. Balasubramaniam]]
* ''Gaṃ Gaṇapatē'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
* ''Pirai Aniyum Peruman'' by Dr [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
* ''Vinayaka Vighnavishaka'' by [[R Ganapati]]
* ''Sundar Gopālaṃ'' by [[Devaki Pandit]]
* ''Varuvai Arulvai Shantanayagi'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan]] rendered by [[P. Unni Krishnan]]
* ''Tumbikkai Andavane'' by [[Manachanallur Giridharan]] rendered by [[P. Unni Krishnan]]
* ''Vinayaka Ninnu Vina'' by E.V. Raamakrishna Bhaagavatar
* ''Vande Anishamaham'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]
* ''Bhajamahe Sree Vinayakam'' by [[Tulaseevanam]]

== Film songs ==
* ''Lagi Lagan Pathi Sakhi Sangh'' from the movie "[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]"
=== In Tamil language ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Song
! Movie
! Composer
! Singer
|-
| ''Vaadaatha Pushpame.... Vanithaa Maniye''
| [[Adutha Veettu Penn]]
| Adi Narayana Rao
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| ''Mazhalai Kaalamum''
| [[Savithiri (1980 film)|Savithiri]]
| [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Va Va Va Kanna Va''
| [[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]]
| rowspan="11" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| ''Malargale Nadhaswarangal''
| [[Kizhakke Pogum Rail]]
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Mayile Mayile''
| [[Kadavul Amaitha Medai]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Jency Anthony]]
|-
| ''Sevvaname Ponmegame''
| [[Nallathoru Kudumbam]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Kalyani Menon]], [[Jency Anthony|Jency]],Sasirekha
|-
| ''Therkondu Sendravan''
| [[Enakkul Oruvan (1984 film)|Enakkul Oruvan]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Kalam Maralam''
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Vasanthi)
| [[Vaazhkai (1984 film)|Vaazhkai]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Iru vizhiyin''
| [[Siva (1989 Tamil film)|Siva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| ''Poomudithu''
| [[En Purushanthaan Enakku Mattumthaan]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]],Sunandha
|-
| ''Nillavu Vandhadu''
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Vasanthi)
| [[Endrum Anbudan]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Sriranga Ranganathanin''
(Ragamalika:Hamsadhvani,Mohanam)
| [[Mahanadi (film)|Mahanadi]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Uma Ramanan]],Shobana
|-
| ''Nandri Solla''
| [[Chithirayil Nilachoru]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|-
| ''Vasandhamum Neeye''
| Kanneer Pookkal
| [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Isaiyin Mazhaiyile''
| Kadaikan Parvai
| V.Narasimhan
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Kuthuvilakkaga''
| [[Cooliekkaran]]
| [[T. Rajendar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Vellai Pookal''
| [[Kannathil Muthamittal]]
| rowspan="5" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| ''Poovukkul''
| [[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| ''Manmadha Maasam'' (Ragamalika:Vasanthi)
| [[Paarthale Paravasam]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]]
|-
| ''Dating''
| [[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]
| [[Blaaze]], [[Vasundhara Das]]
|-
| ''Theekuruvi''
| [[Kangalal Kaidhu Sei]]
| [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]] & Mukesh
|-
| ''En Manathai''
| [[Kalloori Vaasal]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| ''Oru Mani Adithal''
| [[Kaalamellam Kadhal Vaazhga]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| ''Gadothkaja''
| [[Pammal K. Sambandam]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
|-
| ''Vinodhamanavale''
| [[Lovely (2001 film)|Lovely]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| ''Poongatru Veesum''
| [[Mr. Madras]]
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| ''Imaikkatha Vizhigal''
| [[Kadhal Dot Com]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Srimathumitha]]
|-
| ''Ena Ithu Ena Ithu''
| [[Rojavanam]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| ''Unnodu Vaazhatha''
| [[Amarkalam]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| ''Siragillai''
| [[Vaaname Ellai]]
| [[Maragadha Mani]]
|-
| ''Nenjodu Kalanthidu''
| [[Kaadhal Kondein]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| ''Manja Kaattu Maina''
| [[Manadhai Thirudivittai]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| ''Uyire En Uyire''
| [[Thotti Jaya]]
| [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Bombay Jayashri]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| ''Azhagana Chinna Devathai''
| [[Samudhiram]]
| [[Sabesh Murali]]
| [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
| ''Suppose Unnai''
| [[Sukran]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Vijay Antony]]
| [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Vinaya
|-
| ''Aval Appadi Onrum''
| [[Angadi Theru]]
| [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]],Janaki Iyer
|-
| ''Natta Nadu Rathiri''
| [[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]]
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]],Christopher
|-
| ''Ingivalai''
| [[Ninaithu Ninaithu Parthen]]
| [[Joshua Sridhar]]
| Goutham, Harini Sudhakar
|-
| ''Koba Kanalgal Theeradha''
| Unarvugal Thodarkathai
| Amin Mirza
| Gowtham Bhardwaj
|}

== Related rāgas ==

=== ''Graha bhedham'' ===
''Hamsadhvani's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields another pentatonic rāgam, ''[[Nagasvaravali]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Hamsadhwani|Graha bhedam on Hamsadhvani]]''.

=== Scale similarities ===
* ''[[Mohanam]]'' is a rāgam which has ''chatushruti dhaivatam'' in place of the ''nishadam''. Structures are shown in second table.
* ''[[Amritavarshini]]'' is a rāgam which has ''Prati Madhyamam'' in place of the ''rishabham''. Structures are shown in first table.
* ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' is a rāgam which has ''shuddha madhyamam'' in place of the ''rishabham''. Structures are shown in first table.
* ''[[Niroshta]]'' is a rāgam which has ''chatushruti dhaivatam'' in place of the ''panchamam''. Structures are shown in second table.

<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Rāgam !! ''Śruti''<br />Tonic !! C !! !! D !! !! E !! F !! !! G !! !! A !! !! B !! C
|-
| ''Hamsadhvani'' || C || S || || '''R2''' || || G3 || || || P || || || || N3 || S'
|-
| ''[[Amritavarshini]]'' || C || S || || || || G3 || || '''M2''' || P || || || || N3 || S'
|-
| ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' || C
| width="25px"| S
| width="15px"|
| width="15px"|
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| G3
| width="25px"| '''M1'''
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| P
| width="15px"|
| width="15px"|
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| N3
| width="25px"| S'
|}
</div>

<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Rāgam !! ''Śruti''<br />Tonic !! C !! !! D !! !! E !! F !! !! G !! !! A !! !! B !! C
|-
| ''Hamsadhvani'' || C
| width="25px"| S
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| R2
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| G3
| width="15px"|
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| P
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| '''-'''
| width="15px"|
| width="25px"| N3
| width="25px"| S'
|-
| ''[[Mohanam]]'' || C || S || || R2 || || G3 || || || P || || D2 || || '''-''' || S'
|-
| ''[[Niroshta]]'' || C || S || || R2 || || G3 || || || '''-''' || || D2 || || N3 || S'
|}
</div>

== In Hindustani music ==

=== Vadi and samavadi ===
[[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]]: Sa

[[Samavadi]]: Pa

=== Pakad or chalan ===
Re Ga Re Ni Pa Sa Re Sa

The Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs.

=== Organization and relationships ===
[[Thaat]]: [[Bilaval (thaat)|Bilaval]].

=== Time ===
Late Evening
<ref>w.w.w.wikipedia</ref>

=== Important recordings ===
* [[Ustad Amir Khan|Amir Khan]], Ragas Hansadhwani and Malkauns, on [[HMV]] [[LP record|LP (long-playing record)]], EMI-EASD1357
* ''Lagi Lagana'' (Drut – Teental) by A. Kanan in [[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]
* ''Ja Tose Nahin Bolun Kanhaiya'' by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] in Parivar (1956)

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist|30em}}

== Literature ==
* Bor, Joep ''(ed).'' Rao, Suvarnalata; der Meer, Wim van; Harvey, Jane ''(co-authors)'' ''The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas''. Zenith Media, London: 1999.

== External links ==
* [http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
* [http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html SRA on Ragas and Thaats]
* [https://www.parrikar.org/ Rajan Parrikar on Ragas]

{{Melakarta ragas}}
{{Janya}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Hamsadhvani