Anandabhairavi

2021-10-01T16:35:15Z

2409:4072:6E1F:FE20:998C:79BB:4A13:2B2F: /* Language:Tamil */

{{Short description|Rhythm that maintains a happy beat throughout the song}}
{{About||the 2007 film|Anandabhairavi (2007 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Anandabhairavi
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|G1|R1
|G2|M1|P|D2|P|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G2|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}

'''Anandabhairavi''' or '''Ananda Bhairavi''' (pronounced ānandabhairavi) is a very old melodious [[rāga]]m (musical scale) of [[Carnatic music]] (South Indian classical music). This rāgam also used in Indian traditional and regional musics. ''Ānandam'' (Sanskrit) means happiness and the rāgam brings a happy mood to the listener.

It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) of the 20th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam ''[[Natabhairavi]]'',<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> although some suggest that it is ''janya'' of 22nd ''melakarta [[Kharaharapriya]]''.

==Structure and Lakshana==
[[File:Natabhairavi scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Parent scale ''Natabhairavi'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]
Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|swaras in Carnatic music]] for details on the notations used):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G2|R2|G2|M1|P|D2|P|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}
[[File:AnandaBhairavi.wav|thumb|Arohanam Avarohanam for Ananda Bhairavi]]
(''chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, Chatusruthi dhaivatham, kaishiki nishadham'')

It is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] – rāgam having all 7 ''[[swara]]ms'', but it is not a ''melakarta'' rāgam, as it has {{transl|sa|vakra prayogam}} (zig-zag notes in scale) and uses {{transl|sa|anya swaram}} (external note) in comparison with its parent rāgam. The ''anya swaram'' is the usage of ''shuddha dhaivatham'' ''(D1)'' in some phrases of the rāgam.<ref name="ragas" />
''Anandabhairavi'' ragam is also a {{transl|sa|bhashanga}} rāgam, since it uses more than one ''anya swaram''. ''Anya swaram'' of a rāgam is the ''[[swara]]m'' which does not belong to the ''arohana'' or ''avarohana'' of its ''melakarta'' (parent rāgam), but it is sung in {{transl|sa|prayogams}} (phrases used in {{transl|sa|raga [[alapana]]}}, ''[[kalpanaswaram]]s''). It is also classified as a "rakti" raga(a raga of high melodic content).

==Swara phrases==
The three {{transl|sa|anya swarams}} of {{transl|sa|Anandabhairavi'' are {{transl|sa|antara gandharam}} (G3), {{transl|sa|suddha dhaivatam}} (D1) and kakali nishadham (N3).<ref name="ragas" /> All of these ''anya swaras'' occur only in {{transl|sa|prayogas}} (not in {{transl|sa|arohana avarohana}}). "G3" occurs in "ma pa ma ga ga ma", and "D1" occurs in "ga ma pa da". Subtler than the first two, "N3" occurs in "sa da ni sa."

It is said that [[Tyagaraja]] and [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] do not use any of the {{transl|sa|anya swarams}} in their compositions.{{ciation needed|date=June 2020}}

''Anandabhairavi'' also has unique ''swara'' patterns both in ''manodharma'' (impromptu improvisations by performer) and in its compositions. The popular patterns are ''"sa ga ga ma"'', ''"sa pa"'', and ''"sa ga ma pa"''. The musician isn't allowed to stay long on ''nishadam'', this characteristic distinguishes it from ''[[Reetigowla]].'' Few allied ragas (similar) to this are ''Reetigowla'' and ''Huseni''.

==Popular compositions==
''Anandabhairavi'' is one of the favourite ragams of [[Syama Sastri]]. He is said to have made this a popular rāgam and also to have given the present form for this rāgam.<ref name="ragas" /> More or less ''Anandabhairavi's'' synonym is "Marivere gati" by Syama Sastri. In "Mariverae" and in "O jagadhamba" Syama Sastri uses the ''anya swara'' "ga(2)".A very life changing incident is said to have happened in [[Thyagaraja]]'s life. Once he is said to have attended a Kuchipudi bhagavata artists dance-drama recital,a ballad between mythological characters [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]], and he is said to have highly praised their performance, especially a particular song [[Mathura Nagarilo]], which was again set in ''Ananda Bhairavi''.[[Thyagaraja]] wanting to acknowledge them offered to give them a gift, of anything that they may desire, that he could possibly give. After much thought they demanded him the [[Ragam]] [[Ananda Bhairavi]] itself as a gift ( meaning that he would accept to never sing in that [[ragam]] ever again in his life),so that when someone in the near future spoke of [[Thyagaraja]] or [[Ananda Bhairavi]]'s legacy they would also remember the Kuchipudi dancers too.

*''Sami ni pai'' Adathalavarnam by [[Veena Kuppayyar]]
*''Yathum oore Anthem'' (written by [[Kaniyan Pungundranar]]) by [[Rajan Somasundaram|Composer Rajan]], the theme song of 10th [[World Tamil Conference]] from [[Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil]]
*''Paavanasuguna'' Aadithalavarnam by [[Swathi Thirunal]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*{{transl|sa|Sakhiye intha velayil}} Padavarnam by [[Ponniah Pillai]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Ittii MuddulAdibAludedavade'' by [[Annamacharya]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Kamti SukravAramu'' by [[Annamacharya]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''RAmabhadra Raghuvira'' by [[Annamacharya]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Neene Dayalu'', ''Srinivasa neene'', ''Veera Hanuma Bahu'' by [[Purandaradasa]] in [[Kannada]]
*''Palayachyutha Palayajitha'', By [[Vadiraja Tirtha]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Smarasi Puraguru'' from the KuchelaUpakyanam by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Paluke Bangaramayena'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Nike Teliyaka'' in Adi thalam by [[Thyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Marivere Gati'', ''O jagadhamba'', ''Pahi Srigirijasuthe'', ''Himachala Tanaya'' by [[Syama Sastri]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Maanasa guruguha'', ''Dandayudhapanim'', ''Kamalamba Samrakshatu'', ''Anandeswarena'' and ''Thyagaraja yoga vaibhavam'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Shringara velavan vandhan'', by [[Papanasam Sivan]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Krishna Karuna'', ''Pahi Tharakshupuralaya'', ''Varija Vadana'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]] in [[Sanskrit]]
*''Poonthen Nermozhi'', ''Balike Moham'', ''Maanini Vamata'' are three padams by [[Swathi Thirunal]] in [[Malayalam]]
*''Dhim dhim dhim'' thillana by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Andolika Vahane'' (Utsavaprabandham) by [[Swathi Thirunal]] in [[Malayalam]]
*''Samaganapriye'' by [[Periyasaamy Thooran]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Poo Mel Valarum Annaiye'' by [[Mazhavai Chidambara Bharathi]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
*''Raghudvaha Dâsa'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{|class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Poi Vaa Magale
|[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
|Sri Janakidevi Semmantham
|[[Missiamma]]
|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
|[[P. Leela]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Aagaya Pandhalile
(Ragamalika:Anandhabhairavi,Kharaharapriya,Shree,Mathyamavathi)
|[[Ponnunjal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Nalvazhvu Naamkaana
|[[Veettuku Veedu]]
| rowspan="2" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Naan Atchi Seithuvarum
|[[Aathi Parasakthi]]
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|Chittu Pole Muthu Pole
|[[Iniya Uravu Poothathu]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Illayaraja]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Paarthale Theriyaatha
|[[Sri Raghavendrar]]
|[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
|-
|Thevai Indha Paavai(Charanam only)
|[[Andha Oru Nimidam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
|Thangamey Enga Kongunattuku
|[[Madurai Veeran Enga Saami]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]],Arunmozhi
|-
|Ponnu Velayara
|[[Periya Marudhu (film)|Periya Marudhu]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Karava madu moonu(last Charanam only)
|[[Magalir Mattum (1994 film)|Magalir Mattum]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Senguruvi Senguruvi
|[[Thirumoorthy]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Sembaruthi Sembaruthi
|[[Vasanthakala Paravai]]
|-
|Konjanaal poru Thalaiva
|[[Aasai]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Kalyaanam Kalyaanam
|[[Vaidehi Kalyanam]]
|Sunanda
|-
|Vannakkolu Paaru
|Karayai Thodatha Alaigal
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Mettu Podu
|[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]
|rowspan="6"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Anbendra Mazhaiyile
|[[Minsara Kanavu]]
|[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Nadhiye Nadhiye
|[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]
|[[Unni Menon]]
|-
|Mel Isaiyae
|[[Mr. Romeo]]
|[[Unni Menon]],[[Swarnalatha]],[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]],[[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
|Telephone Manipol(Charanam only)
|[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|Kallori Salai(starting portion only)
|[[Kadhal Desam]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[A. R. Rahman]],Aslam Mustafa
|-
|Chudithar Aninthu
|[[Poovellam Kettuppar]]
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Devathai Vamsam
|[[Snegithiye]]
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Kannukulle
|[[Kamarasu]]
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Partha Muthalnale
|[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu (2006 film)|Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]
|rowspan="4"|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Unni Menon]], [[Bombay Jayashree]]
|-
|Pudichirukku
|[[Saamy]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Mahathi]],Komal Ramesh
|-
|Kummiyadi
|[[Chellamae]]
|Sandhya
|-
|Azhiyilae
|[[Dhaam Dhoom]]
|[[Haricharan]]
|-
|Naanaga Naan
|[[Gambeeram]]
|[[Mani Sharma]]
|[[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|}

===Album===
{|class="wikitable"
!Song
!Album
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Yaadhum Ure Anthem
|[[Sandham- Symphony Meets Classical Tamil|Sandham]]
|[[Rajan Somasundaram]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Bombay Jayashri]]
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[List of Film Songs based on Ragas]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}

{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Anandabhairavi