Hamsanadam

2022-06-25T04:30:55Z

2409:4072:6C9B:406:2C03:1658:24C8:1F42: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Hamsanadam
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|M2|P|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Hamsanadam''' (pronounced hamsanādam) is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (''audava'' rāgam, which means "of 5"), as it is sung in current days.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It is a derived scale (''[[janya]]'' rāgam), as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes), from the 60th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam ''[[Neetimati]]''.<ref name="raganidhi" />

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[File:Hamsanadam.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Hamsanadam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Hamsanadam'', as it is sung now-a-days, is a symmetric scale that does not contain ''gandharam'' and ''dhaivatam''. It is called an ''audava'' rāgam,<ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification (as it has 5 notes in both ascending and descending scales). Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|ārohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|M2|P|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|avarohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S'|N3|P|M2|R2|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes ''shadjam, chatusruti rishabham, prati madhyamam, panchamam'' and ''kakali nishadam''.

== Other structures ==
Earlier structure of this scale were as follows:<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref>
*Ascending scale : {{svaraC|S|R2|M2|P|D3|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*Descending scale : {{svaraC|S'|N3|D3|N3|P|M2|R2|S|foot=yes}}

In the above, ''shatsruti dhaivatam'' is added in the scale compared to current usage (''shadava'' scale with 6 notes in ascendinga and descending scale), with a ''vakra prayoga'' (zig-zag descending scale).<ref name="raganidhi" /><ref name="ragas" />

=== ''Graha bhedham'' ===
''Hamsanadam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam|Graha bhedham]]'', yields two pentatonic rāgams, ''[[Gambhiranata]]'' and ''[[Bhupalam]]''. ''Graha bhedham'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustrations of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Gambhiranata|Graha bhedham on Gambhiranata]]''.

== Popular compositions ==
''Hamsanadam'' has a few popular compositions:

*''kalyANa rAmA'' by [[oottukkADu Sri vEnkaTAkavi]]
*''Bantureethi Koluvu'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Niye Paramukham'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Kripanidhe'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''pADa vENDumE'' by [[Sri MM Dandapani Desikar]]
*''Bharama Ee Baluni'' by [[G N Balasubramaniam]]

== Film Songs ==
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Iravum Nilavum
(based on Ragam ShudhaSarang similar)
|[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Konja Neram Ennai
(based on Ragam Saranga similar)
|[[Sirithu Vazha Vendum]]
|rowspan=2|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Ilakanam Maarudho
(based on Ragam ShudhaSarang similar)
|[[Nizhal Nijamagiradhu]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Aruvi Magal
(based on Ragam ShudhaSarang similar)
|[[Jeevanadi]]
|[[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]],Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi
|-
|Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum
|[[Thendrale Ennai Thodu]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Kanni Ponnu
|[[Ninaivellam Nithya]]
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Om Namaha
|[[Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sorgame Endraalum
|[[Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Isaiyil Thodangudhamma
|[[Hey Ram]]
|[[Ajoy Chakrabarty]]
|-
|Oru Devathai Vanthu
(based on Ragam ShudhaSarang similar)
|[[Naan Sonnathey Sattam]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|Malargaley Malargaley
(Based on Shudhasarang,Saraswati)
|[[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vayathu Vaa Vaa
|[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
|Oru Poo Ezhuthum Kavithai
|[[Pooveli]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Manasu Marugudhe
|[[Pallikoodam (film)|Pallikoodam]]
|Narayanan,Subhiksha – Thenmozhi
|-
|Mangalam Pongidum
|[[Vallamai Tharayo]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Poo Vaasam
|[[Anbe Sivam]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Vijay Prakash]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Meetu Ennai
(Pallavi Anupallavi only)
|[[Maathangal Ezhu]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Thamirabarani Aaru
|[[Solaiyamma]]
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Medhuva Medhuva (Varuma)
|En Uyir Shanthi
|Konnadi Edvinsan
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Uyir Ennum
|[[Vaaraayo Vennilaave]]
|[[Karthik Raja]]
|[[Madhushree]], Rita, [[Senthildass Velayutham]]
|-
|Thiruve Ninai Kaathal Kandene
|Ilakanam
|[[Bhavatharini]]
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
|Arumbey
|rowspan="2"|[[Kaali (2018 film)|Kaali]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Vijay Antony]]
|Nivas,Janaki Iyer
|-
|Yugam Noorai
|[[Vedala Hemachandra]], [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]]
|-
|Kalakkattu Kannaala
|[[Kaththukkutti]]
|[[Aruldev]]
|[[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Cicily
|-
|Pudhu Unarve
|[[Nishabdham]]
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|}

== Tamil Serial Title Song ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Serial Name
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Arisi Mavale Kolam Podu
|Malargal
|[[Vijay Antony]]
|[[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran]], [[Vijay Antony]]
|}

===Language:[[Telugu language|Telugu]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Yamuna Theeram
|rowspan="2"|[[Anand (2004 film)|Anand]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Yedhalo Gaanam
|-
|Madhuramite
|[[Nishabdham]]
|[[Gopi Sunder]]
|[[Najim Arshad]], [[Harini (singer)]]
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]

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Hamsanadam