Andaman and Nicobar Command

2022-01-20T07:15:47Z

2409:4072:6C97:4998:D406:5486:64FB:7805: /* Summary of bases and capabilities */

{{short description|tri-services command of the Indian Armed Forces}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Andaman and Nicobar Command
|image = Floating Dock Navy (FDN) INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy.jpg
|image_size = 300px
| caption = Floating Dock Navy (FDN-1) at INS ''Jarawa''
|start_date={{Start date|2001|09|df=yes}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
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| type = Tri-Service Command
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| garrison = [[Port Blair]]
| garrison_label = Headquarters
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| commander1 = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] <br />[[Ajai Singh (lieutenant general)|Ajai Singh]], {{small|AVSM}}<ref name="crucial">{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/defence/indias-crucial-eastern-army-command-andaman-nicobar-command-get-new-chiefs-tomorrow/668541/|title=India’s crucial Eastern Army Command, Andaman-Nicobar Command get new chiefs tomorrow|date=31 May 2021|work=ThePrint|access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref>
| commander1_label = [[Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command]]
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The '''Andaman and Nicobar Command''' (ANC) is the first and only [[Joint warfare|tri-service]] [[Theater (warfare)|theater command]] of the [[Indian Armed Forces]], based at [[Port Blair]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], a [[Union Territory]] of [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-how-the-indian-navy-can-dominate-the-indian-ocean/20120903.htm#1|title=How the Indian Navy can dominate the Indian Ocean|date=3 September 2012|newspaper=Rediff|access-date=23 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111083706/http://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-how-the-indian-navy-can-dominate-the-indian-ocean/20120903.htm#1|archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> It was created in 2001 to safeguard India's strategic interests in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Strait of Malacca]] by increasing rapid deployment of military assets in the region. It provides logistical and administrative support to naval ships which are sent on deployment to East Asia and the Pacific Ocean.<ref name="aapidsa">{{cite journal|last=Prakash|first=Admiral (Retd) Arun|year=2007|title=India’s Higher Defence Organisation|url=http://www.idsa.in/system/files/JDS1(1)2007_0.pdf|journal=Journal of Defence Studies, [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]]|volume=1|issue=1|access-date=1 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232945/http://www.idsa.in/system/files/JDS1%281%292007_0.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=dns27f13>{{cite news|title=India To Establish 2 Additional Missile Test Sites|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130227/DEFREG03/302270018/India-Establish-2-Additional-Missile-Test-Sites?odyssey=nav%7Chead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130408013308/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130227/DEFREG03/302270018/India-Establish-2-Additional-Missile-Test-Sites?odyssey=nav%7Chead|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2013|access-date=1 March 2013|newspaper=Defence News|date=27 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="navyRP">Rajat Pandit (2010), ''[https://archive.today/20130103115901/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-06/india/28115911_1_anc-airfield-andamans {{Sic|hide=y|Strategically|-}}important A&N Command to get a boost]''. The Times of India, 6 February 2010. Accessed on 23 July 2012.</ref>

== Background ==
[[File:India_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_relief_map.png|thumb|240x360px|Andaman and Nicobar Islands map with various channels and straits in India's exclusive economic zone, including Six Degrees Channel and the busiest Ten Degrees Channel (Grand / Great Channel)]]
[[File:Strait_of_malacca.jpg|thumb|240x180px|Malacca Strait, combined with Ten Degrees Channel and Singapore Strait is a critical chokepoint as well as the shortest and world's busiest shipping route carrying 80% global shipping trade.]]
[[File:Straits_of_Singapore_locator_map.PNG|thumb|240x180px|Singapore Strait - a critical chokepoint: connects to South China Sea where several nations have conflicting claims over various islands.]]
[[File:Sunda_Strait_map-fr.svg|thumb|240x180px|Sunda Strait, shallowest route unfit for larger commercial vessels.]]
[[File:Lombok_strait.png|thumb|240x180px|Lombok Strait, alternative less popular and longer route in the influence zone of Australia's Cocos Keeling Island military base.]]

=== Strategic importance of ANC ===
{{anchor | Strategic | Importance | Strategic importance | Strategy }}


According to the [[International Hydrographic Organization]]'s (IHO) definitions of [[Bay of Bengal#Extent|Bay of Bengal]] and [[Andaman Sea#Extent|Andaman Sea]], the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (A&N) fall on the maritime boundary of these two. Indian [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) to the north and west of A&N falls within Bay of Bengal and to east of A&N falls within Andaman Sea. Various [[strait]]s (narrow passage in the sea, also called the channel) in A&N, are officially part of Andaman Sea and not the Bay of Bengal, connect the Bay of Bengal with Andaman Sea and to the shipping routes beyond. The [[Ten Degree Channel]] (also called Great or Grand Channel) within India's EEZ is world's busiest shipping trade route which also connects to very narrow and contiguous Malacca and Singapore straits. This route is considered world's biggest strategic [[choke point|chokepoint]] in military terminology, e.g. India and allies could potentially impose a [[blockade]] in [[Economic warfare|case of dispute]] with China whose economy significantly depends on the export trade through this route. Safety, security and freedom of navigation in this area is vital for the global economy. All of this area is part of much larger Indian Ocean region which has world's 90% trade, which in turn is part of Indo-Pacific region which carries most of the global trade.

==== Control over vital global shipping route ====
{{anchor | Trade | Shipping }}
{{see also | Countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal | Maritime Silk Route | Foreign trade of India | Maritime domain awareness | Maritime power }}

The zone of influenze of ANC has deep significance in terms of history, culture, religion, economy and [[Foreign trade of India|trade]], EEZs, political and international relations, national security, safety and freedom of navigation of power projection of not only India but also [[Countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal|other nations of South Asia and Southeast Asia]] as well as $3 trillion international trade which passes through south [[Andaman Sea]]. ANC influence over the gateway of [[Far East]] includes [[Six Degree Channel]] and Ten Degree Channel in Indian EEZ in Bay of Bengal, which is connected to the [[Strait of Malacca]]. These are crossed by over 94,000 merchant ships every year carrying world's 40% freight trade to and from China, South Korea and Japan. Andaman and Nicobar Islands account for 0.2% of India’s land and 30% of its [[Exclusive economic zone]].<ref name=stra2>[http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/growing-strategic-importance-andaman-nicobar-islands/ The Growing Strategic Importance of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands], Future Directions org, 15 JUNE 2017.</ref><ref name=stra3>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/more-muscle-for-india-s-andaman-and-nicobar-defence-posts-to-counter-hawkish-china/story-8YkEo28c3WZM9Lqq2iiJnK.html More muscle for India’s Andaman and Nicobar defence posts to counter hawkish China], [[Hindustan Times]], 26 Aug 2017.</ref> [[Sea lines of communication]] (SLOC) carry more than 90% of global trade.<ref name=stra12/> In [[Indo-Pacific|Indo-Pacific Asia]], US$5 trillion annual shipping trade passes through the SLOC and [[Choke point|chokepoint]]s of Southeast Asia and South China Sea (SCS).<ref name=stra12/> 80% of the global trade passes through Indian Ocean SLOC in oil and natural gas critical for advanced economies.<ref name=stra12>[https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/key-enablers/4124-australia-s-own-indo-pacific-fortress-the-case-for-redeveloping-cocos-islands Australia’s own Indo-Pacific fortress – The case for redeveloping Cocos Islands], Defence Connect, 28 MAY 2019.</ref>

==== Control over critical shipping chokepoints ====
{{anchor | Choke | Chokepoint | Blockade }}
{{see also | Choke point | l1= Geostrategic chokepoint | Blockade | l2= Geostrategic blockade | Territorial disputes in the South China Sea | l3= South China Sea disputes | Philippines v. China | China–Vietnam_relations#Rekindled_tensions_over_maritime_territory | l5= China-Vietnam conflict | Eastern South Asia }}

Since this area in Indian EEZ and ANC influence zone connects [[Indian Ocean]] with [[South China Sea]] and [[Pacific Ocean]], the safety of Malacca strait is pramount to the economies of numerous countries.<ref name=stra4>[https://www.c3sindia.org/defence-security/indias-strategic-dimensions-in-malacca-strait-by-vithiyapathy-p/ India’s Strategic Dimensions in Malacca Strait By Vithiyapathy Purushothaman], 16 March 2015.</ref> Both USA and Russia support the freedom of navigation.<ref name=stra21/> Australia's "2013 Defence White Paper" emphasises importance of security of Indian Ocean SLOC trade which has surpassed Atlantic and Pacific oceans trade.<ref name=stra22>[https://eurasiantimes.com/india-australia-could-sign-pact-for-a-military-base-in-andamans-and-cocos-islands-experts/ India, Australia Could Sign Pact For A Military Base In Andaman’s and Cocos Islands], Eurasian Times, 23 May 23, 2020.</ref> However, China's activities in this region continues cause concern among several nations.<ref name=stra4/> Against the concern shown by United States, Japan and several other nations, China continues to claim [[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea|most of South China Sea]].<ref name=stra23/> China has militarized a reclaimed tiny islet in South China Sea which is also claimed by other nations.<ref name=stra23/> This has led to China's conflict with several Southeast Asian nations, including [[Philippines v. China|Philippines]] and [[China–Vietnam relations#Rekindled tensions over maritime territory|Vietnam]].<ref name=stra23/> In March 2020, [[Indian Navy]] discovered 12 underwater drones deployed by China in Indian Ocean for gathering [[Oceanography|oceanographic]] naval intelligence aimed at [[submarine warfare]].<ref name=stra22/><ref name=stra4/> China has allegedly done the similar underwater drone operation in [[Pacific Ocean]] as well.<ref name=stra22/><ref name=stra4/>

All 3 major global sea trade routes to Indian Ocean, from [[Cape of Good Hope]] and [[Gulf of Aden]] or [[Straits of Hormuz]], converge at narrow Six Degree Channel in Indian EEZ resulting in high shipping density, which enhances India's ability to exert influence over the vulnerability and protection of this maritime trade route.<ref name=stra21>[https://idsa.in/askanexpert/geo-strategic-potential-of-the-great-channel What is the geo-strategic potential of the Great Channel? How can it curtail the benefits of the Malacca Strait?], Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis.</ref> Shallow, congested and narrow [[Archipelagic state|archipelagic]] chokepoints in the influence zone of ANC are Straits of Malacca and [[Lombok Strait]] to and from South China Sea.<ref name=stra3/> Malaca strait is the busiest and most important chokepoint.<ref name=stra4/><ref name=stra20>Bill Tarrant, 2010, [http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/03/04/idINIndia-46652220100304Malacca Strait is a strategic ‘chokepoint’]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, retrieved 23 Jan 2015.</ref><ref name=stra3/> All trade vessels from Malacca Strait must pass through most important SLOC chokepoint located within India's Anadaman Nicobar EEZ, i.e. Six Degree Channel south of Anadaman and Nicobar Islands.<ref name=stra2/> Other two less frequently used channels within Indian EEZ are the [[Preparis Channel]] in north and the Ten Degree Channel between the Andaman and Nicobar island groups.<ref name=stra2/> Alternative to the shorter and busiest route through Malaca Strait and Six Degree Channel in Indian EEZ, guarded by Indian Military Base in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is Sunda and Lombok Straits chokepoints in Indonesia in the influence zone of [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands#RAAF|Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian Military Base]].<ref name=stra16/> Together, these chokepoints are the entry and exit points between Indian and Pacific Oceans, all of which lie within combined India-Australia military incluence zone.<ref name=stra16/> This provides geostrategic advantage to Indian and Australian militaries [part of [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|QUAD]] along with USA and Japan] for joint anti-signal intelligence gathering, submarine tracking and warfare missions in Indian and Pacific Oceans.<ref name=stra16>[https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/islands-opportunity-where-india-and-australia-can-work-together Islands of opportunity: Where India and Australia can work together], The Interpreter, 22 May 2020.</ref>

India is bolstering military capabilities in Andaman and Nicobar Islands by placing ship-based [[India and weapons of mass destruction#Indian nuclear triad|nuclear missile system]] as deterrence and a [[Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme|fleet of naval warships]] with [[Amphibious transport dock|Landing Platform Docks]] (LPDs) by 2020.<ref name=stra2/><ref name=stra18>[https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/new-naval-air-station-ins-baaz-commissioned-cns Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy], Ministry of Defence (Navy), 2015.</ref>

==== QUAD force multiplier ====
{{anchor | QUAD }}
{{see also | String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) | l1= China's String of Pearls encirclement strategy | India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Indian_nuclear_triad | l2= Indian nuclear triade | Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme | l3= India's LPD warships | China containment policy |Force multiplication | Command of the sea }}

[[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue]] (QUAD), a strategic dialogue between Australia, India, Japan and USA, is aimed at countering the risk posed to the trade and security of navigation and nations in and around this region.<ref>Ching, Frank. [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2008/04/171_19480.html "Asian Arc of Democracy"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610222015/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2008/04/171_19480.html |date=10 June 2015 }} ''[[Korea Times]]'', 24 February 2008.</ref><ref name=Tanning>Twining, Daniel. [http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/29d6bc30-6bc9-11dc-863b-0000779fd2ac.html "The new Asian order’s challenge to China"]. ''[[Financial Times]]'', 26 September 2007.</ref><ref name="Brooks CNAS">Brooks, L., Busby, J. W., Denmark, A. M., Ford, L., Green, M. J., Ikenberry, G. J., Kaplan, R. D., Patel, N., Twining, D., and R. Weitz, 2009. [https://lbj.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/file/news/CNAS%20China's%20Arrival_Final%20Report-3.pdf "China’s Arrival: A Strategic Framework for a Global Relationship"]. Eds. Abraham Denmark and Nirav Patel, ''[[Center for a New American Security]]''.</ref> QUAD nations continue to hold regular military exercise in the ANC influence area, such as [[Malabar (naval exercise)|Exercise Malabar]] (see also [[Balikatan|US-Philippines Annual Balikatan Exercise]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Diplomat |first1=Franz-Stefan Gady, The |title=India, US, and Japan to Hold ‘Malabar’ Naval War Games This Week |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-us-and-japan-to-hold-malabar-naval-war-games-this-week/ |website=The Diplomat |access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="MilEx08">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiadefence.com/MilEx.htm |title=Military Exercises –– Feb to Nov 2008}}</ref>

Aimed at countering China's activities in Indo-Pacific, to ensure "free, open, inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific region ... and maintaining open, safe and efficient sea lanes for transportation and communication", India and Australia signed a military treaty for [[Military logistics|Mutual Logistics Support]] and [[Interoperability#Military|interoperability]] for reciprocal access to military bases.<ref name=stra23/> India has a similar treaty with U.S, while similar treaty with remaining member of QUAD, Japan, is awaited.<ref name=stra23/> India, which also has [[memoranda of understanding|MoU]] with USA and Japan for encrypted military communications, is likely to sign similar MoU with Australia.<ref name=stra23/> India, USA and Japan have been undertaking regular trilateral maritime exercises (Exercise Malabar), which Australia is also expected to join.<ref name=stra23>[https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/India-and-Australia-sign-military-pact-as-China-tensions-rise India and Australia sign military pact as China tensions rise], Asian Review, 4 June 2020.</ref> India-Australia Military Pact paves the way for extending their regional reach through coordinated power projection and mutual use of military facilities in India’s [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] and Australia’s [[Cocos Island]].<ref name=stra22/> Australia, which already has [[Royal Australian Air Force|RAAF base]] at Cocos Islands, uses it for surveillance and to monitor the area extending between Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the north to Cocos Islands in south.<ref name=stra22/>

[[India–Singapore relations#Geo|India-Singapore Bilateral Agreement for Navy Cooperation]] also provides Indian Navy ships access to Singapore’s [[Changi Naval Base]], logistical support and refuelling rights. This allows India, which has similar agreements with Vietnam, Japan, France, Australia and the United States, to counter China's "string of pearls" with "Necklace of Diamonds" ports: Changi Naval Base in Singapore, [[Chabahar Port]] in Iran, the [[Assumption Island]] in Seychelles, and [[Duqm Port]] in [[Oman]].<ref name=seac1>[https://eurasiantimes.com/from-singapores-changi-naval-base-to-omans-duqm-port-how-is-india-countering-chinese-string-of-pearls/ From Singapore’s Changi Naval Base To Oman’s Duqm Port, How Is India Countering Chinese String of Pearls?], Eurasian Times, 15 July 2020.</ref>

==== Historic and contemporary geostrategic soft and hard power ====
{{anchor | Soft | Culture }}
{{see also | Greater India | History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia | Indianisation | l3 = Hard and soft power projection of India }}
[[File:Indian_cultural_zone.svg|thumb|right|240x180px|Historic Indian cultural influence: Indianized Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms within [[Greater India]], which also included Andaman and Nicobar as an important staging area were spread across Indonesia and Malaysia ([[Srivijaya]], [[Majapahit]], [[Gangga Negara]], [[Kalingga]], [[Kutai]], [[Singhasari]], [[Tarumanagara]] and [[Pan Pan (kingdom)|Pan Pan]]), Malaysia ([[Langkasuka]]), Thailand ([[Dvaravati]]), Indochina ([[Champa]], [[Kingdom of Funan|Funan]], and [[Chenla]]), and Myanmar ([[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan]]).]]

The area in and around ANC influence zone is part of historic [[Greater India]] which was dotted with numerous Indianised Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms. Since 45-47 CE, several ancient Indian empires, such as [[Chola dynasty|Chola]], [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] and [[Reddi Kingdom|Andra]] traded and exerted Indian cultural influence over Southeast Asia through Malacca Strait.<ref name=stra4/> From 16 to 20th century colonial western powers fought against each other for control of this maritime route, trade and the region.<ref name=stra4/>

The 750-km long Andaman and Nicobar archipelago consists of a chain of 572 islands.<ref name=":1"/> It is located about 1200 km from mainland India, merely 40 km from Myanmar, 160 km from Indonesia and 550 km from Thailand.<ref name=":1"/> India's [[Landfall Island]] is 40 km from Myanmar's [[Coco Islands]]. India's southernmost territory [[Indira Point]] is 135 km north of Indonesia's northernmost territory [[Rondo Island]].<ref name=rondo8>James Horsburgh, 1852, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=faCjf8FPR14C&pg=PA63&dq=rondo+island&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj604iHnbXqAhXQILcAHdIzDIY4ChDoATACegQIBBAC#v=onepage&q=rondo%20island&f=false The India Directory, Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies], Page 63.</ref><ref name=indo1>[http://indonesia-tourism.com/blog/2012/05/rondo-island-the-rich-uninhabited-island/ Rondo Island, The Rich Uninhabited Island]</ref> India's [[Tillangchong]] island (north of Camorta Island in Nicobar) is just 440 km from Thailand's [[Similan Islands#Geography|Ko Huyong]] ([[Similan Islands]] group). India's Campbell Bay on [[Great Nicobar Island]] is 488 km from Thailand's [[Ko Racha]] (Racha Noi Island in [[Phuket Province]]). Campbell Bay is also 630 km from Malaysia's nearest island [[Langkawi]].

==== Port-development led encirclement ====
{{anchor | port | ports }}
{{see also | South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government | l1= Neighbourhood first policy | Look East policy (India) | l2= Look East policy | India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity | l3= Look-East Connectivity projects }}

To enhance the regional connectivity, trade, safety, security, and to protect the [[Strait of Malacca]] channel,<ref name=portbuild1/> India is developing several strategic ports in the influence zone of ANC, namely [[Port of Chittagong]] in Bangladesh with rail connectivity to [[Tripura]],<ref name=stra1/> [[Port of Mongla]] in Bangladesh,<ref name=stra1>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/bangladesh-india-to-ink-pact-today-to-allow-n-e-states-use-chittagong-port/article25312701.ece Bangladesh, India to ink pact today to allow N-E States use Chittagong port] m The Hindu, 24 October 2018.</ref> [[Sittwe Port]] as part of [[Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project]] in Myanmar,<ref name=":01">{{cite news|last=Purushothaman|first=Vakkom|url=http://tntmagazine.in/news/mizoram/kaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-to-link-sea-route-in-myanmar-with-mizoram/|title=Kaladan Multi Modal Transit Transport Project to link sea route in Myanmar with Mizoram|newspaper=The Northeast Times|access-date=11 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415053036/http://tntmagazine.in/news/mizoram/kaladan-multi-modal-transit-transport-project-to-link-sea-route-in-myanmar-with-mizoram/|archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=update3>[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-starts-construction-of-1600-cr-mizoram-myanmar-kaladan-road/article23577107.ece India starts construction of ₹1,600-cr Mizoram-Myanmar Kaladan road ], Business Line, 17 April 2018.</ref> [[Sabang, Indonesia#Port|Sabang deepsea port]] under [[India–Indonesia relations#Strategic|India–Indonesia strategic military and economic partnership]].<ref name=portbuild1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/eyeing-southeast-asia-india-builds-port-in-indonesia/articleshow/68490478.cms Eyeing Southeast Asia, India builds port in Indonesia], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 20 March 2019.</ref> Along with India's [[Sagar Mala project]]s aimed at developing several coastal ports in India, India is also considering developing more ports in the influence zone of ANC, such as the [[Dawei Port Project]].

==== Protection of exclusive economic zone ====
{{anchor | EEZ | EEZs }}
{{ see also | Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India#Border | l1= EEZs of India and its neighbours }}

The region suffers from the [[Piracy in the Strait of Malacca|problem of piracy]].<ref name=stra3/> ANC is guarantor of the safety and security of [[exclusive economic zone of India]], which also lies in the vicinity of [[Exclusive economic zone of India#Border|EEZs of several other nations]] including [[Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia|Indonesia]], [[Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[Exclusive economic zone of Thailand|Thailand]], Myanmar, [[Bangladesh–India border#Maritime|Bangladesh]], [[India–Maldives relations#Treaty|Maldives]] and [[Katchatheevu|Sri Lanka]].

=== History of ANC ===
{{see also | Maritime history of India }}
[[File:The Libyan Polnochny class landing ship.JPEG|thumb|300px|[[Polnocny-class landing ship]]]]
[[File:INS Saryu.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[INS Saryu]], one of the two [[Saryu-class patrol vessel]]s home-ported at [[INS Jarawa]], Port Blair, under the A&N Command.]]

==== Inception and slow expansion ====

The island chain had remained underdeveloped because of multiple factors including lack of inter-island connectivity, distance from the Indian mainland and high-cost of building materials. In the 1960s, the Indian security establishment responded to the increased security threats and established a unified Fortress Andaman and Nicobar (FORTAN) under the command of a Vice Admiral as the Fortress Commander. The Indian Army initially placed a battalion and subsequently the 108 Mountain Brigade, in 1990, under the command of the Fortress Commander. The Indian Air Force chose to keep its units under one of its mainland commands and maintained a liaison with the FORTAN headquarters. 37 Wing of the Indian Air Force was raised at [[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|AFS Car Nicobar]] in 1993.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&ei=BQFEWv7KBKGN0wKJ-JXwDw&q=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Command&oq=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Command&gs_l=psy-ab.3...2421.2421.0.2804.1.1.0.0.0.0.55.55.1.1.0....0...1c..64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.0DaVuq24uGw|title=Andaman and Nicobar Command – Google Search|website=www.google.com|language=en|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref>

There was a consideration to replace Fortress Commander, Andaman and Nicobar Islands ('''FORTAN''') with a Far Eastern Naval Command (FENC). The previous plan to set up FENC was set in motion in 1995 following a closed-door meeting in Washington between then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]], [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], and then [[President of the United States|US president]], [[Bill Clinton]]. At the time, Pentagon officials made a formal request to the United Front coalition government in New Delhi to open a base in the islands.<ref>{{cite web|title=India Bids to Rule the Waves: From the Bay of Bengal to the Malacca Strait|url=http://japanfocus.org/-Ramtanu-Maitra/1610#sthash.0wLyZbvr.dpuf|publisher=Japanfocus.org|access-date=1 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716082523/http://japanfocus.org/-Ramtanu-Maitra/1610#sthash.0wLyZbvr.dpuf|archive-date=16 July 2012}}</ref>

==== Post Kargil war rapid capabilities expansion ====

In 1999, after the [[Kargil War]], Andaman and Nicobar Islands received more attention.<ref name=":1" /> The Group of Ministers (GoM) report on Reforming the National Security System recommended the replacement of the FORTAN, under the [[Indian Navy]], with a Joint Andaman and Nicobar Command which will control the assets of the tri-services and the Coast Guard on the islands. The GoM had recommended that the Commander of this Joint Command would report to the proposed Chief of Defence Staff (CDS). The Andaman and Nicobar Command was in place by the end of September 2001 and [[Vice Admiral]] (later [[Admiral]] and [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|CNS]]) [[Arun Prakash]] was the first Commander–in–Chief of the Andaman & Nicobar Command (CINCAN).<ref name="aapidsa" /><ref name="usi">{{cite journal|last=Prakash|first=Admiral (Retd) Arun|year=2002|title=Joint Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC) and Defence of Our Island Territories (Part I)|url=http://www.usiofindia.org/frame.htm|url-status=dead|journal=USI Journal|volume=CXXXlI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625042257/http://www.usiofindia.org/frame.htm|archive-date=25 June 2010|access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="nic1j">{{cite web|url=http://ids.nic.in/WebAbhiIDS/brief.html|title=Andaman and Nicobar Command|publisher=NIC|access-date=1 July 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513102857/http://ids.nic.in/WebAbhiIDS/brief.html|archive-date=13 May 2013}}</ref> A joint command at [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] would help in to prevent smuggling, piracy, drug and gun trafficking, poaching and illegal immigration in the region and especially in the Malacca Strait. The command would also be in a position to assist the multinational Malacca Straits Security Initiative, aimed at curbing threats in the [[Malacca Strait]]s.<ref name="dns27f13" /><ref name="tte11j99">{{cite news|title=Navy to have new command at Andamans|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan11/nation.htm#7|access-date=1 March 2013|newspaper=The Tribune|date=11 January 1999|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185326/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan11/nation.htm#7|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990111/01150405.html|title=Malacca strait|publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref> An Indian command in the islands could also counter any future threat from China, which was rumoured to have set up a surveillance post in Myanmar's [[Coco Islands#Reports of a Chinese signal gathering station|Coco Islands]], 40 km off the northern tip of the Andamans, but this was proved incorrect.<ref>{{cite news|last=V. Pant|first=Harsh|title=China’s Naval Expansion in the Indian Ocean and India-China Rivalry|url=http://www.japanfocus.org/-Harsh_V_-Pant/3353|access-date=14 February 2014|newspaper=The Asia-Pacific Journal|date=3 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222203333/http://www.japanfocus.org/-Harsh_V_-Pant/3353|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='China a strategic partner, not a threat'|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/china-a-strategic-partner-not-a-threat-114020800515_1.html|access-date=14 February 2014|newspaper=Business Standard|date=8 February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222221537/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/china-a-strategic-partner-not-a-threat-114020800515_1.html|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="BurmaNetNews">[http://www.burmanet.org/news/2007/01/09/irrawaddy-chinese-whispers-the-great-coco-island-mystery-andrew-selth/ Selth, Andrew (9 January 2007) "Irrawaddy: Chinese whispers: The Great Coco Island mystery" ''BurmaNet News''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223184102/http://www.burmanet.org/news/2007/01/09/irrawaddy-chinese-whispers-the-great-coco-island-mystery-andrew-selth/ |date=23 February 2014 }}</ref>

==Summary of bases and capabilities ==

The following are the air and naval bases under the A&N command, from north to south, some of which are being upgraded under 2027 roll-on plan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andamans, not just an Indian mainland buffer|url=http://frontierindia.net/andamans-not-just-an-indian-mainland-buffer#axzz2wMGpRx7c|access-date=18 March 2014|newspaper=Frontier India|date=3 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227163100/http://frontierindia.net/andamans-not-just-an-indian-mainland-buffer#axzz2wMGpRx7c|archive-date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> By 2020, India is placing ship-based [[India and weapons of mass destruction#Indian nuclear triad|nuclear missile system]], [[Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme|fleet of naval warships]] and [[Amphibious transport dock|Landing Platform Docks]] (LPDs).<ref name=stra2/><ref name=stra18/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="text-align:left;" | Base
!Location
!Airport<ref name=stra3/>
!Deepsea port<ref name=stra3/>
!Distance
!Role
!Upgrade<ref name=stra3/>
|-
|[[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]]
|[[Kharagpur]] ([[West Bengal]])
|Yes
|No (inland)
|1200 km to INS Kohassa
|Air Force Base
|
|-
|[[INS Kohassa]]
|[[Shibpur (Andaman)|Shibpur village]] ([[Diglipur]] tehsil, [[North Andaman Island]])
|Yes (3000 ft, planned to be extended to 10,000 ft)
|Aerial Bay jetty
|1200 km from Kalaikunda AFS
|Naval Air Station
|New ammunition dumps and capacity upgrade for fighter jets and bigger planes like long-range maritime reconnaissance Boeing P-8I and anti-submarine aircraft.
|-
|[[INS Jarawa]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Port Blair]] ([[South Andaman Island]])
| At INS Utkarsh
| Jetty
| 180 km from INS Kohassa
|Logistics and Administrative support naval base with jetty
|
|-
|[[INS Utkrosh]]
|Yes
|INS Jarawa jetty
| 180 km from INS Kohassa
|Joint Naval and Air Force Base at [[Port Blair Air Force Station|Veer Savarkar International Airport]]
| Naval ammunition depot and bigger reinforced command with extended jetties for aircraft carriers and large warships.
|-
|[[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|Car Nicobar AFS]]
|[[Car Nicobar]]
| Yes
| Jetty
| 275 km from INS Utkrosh
|Air Force Base
| Capacity upgrade to hold fighter squadrons for more than month.
|-
|[[INS Kardip]]
|[[Kamorta (village)|Kamorta]] ([[Kamorta Island]])
| No
| Jetty (upgraded to deepsea port for warships)
| 144 km from Car Nicobar AFS
|Logistics support for navy with extended jetty which can host larger cassels
|
|-
|[[INS Baaz]]
|[[Campbell Bay (Great Nicobar)|Campbell Bay]] ([[Great Nicobar Island]])
| 3000 ft (extended to 6,000 feet)
| Jetty (upgraed to deepsea port for warships, installation of a robust radar network.
| 130 km from INS Kardip
|Naval Air Station
| New ammunition dump and relocating fighter jets and bigger planes such as long-range maritime reconnaissance Boeing P-8I and anti-submarine aircraft.
|-
|}

==Force structure==

=== Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command ===
{{Main|Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command}}
[[File:Andaman and Nicobar Command structure.png|thumb|300px|right|Structure of the Andaman and Nicobar Command. The stars in the boxes indicate [[Template:Star officer ranks|star officer rank]].]]

The Andaman and Nicobar Command is commanded by a [[Three-star rank#Indian three-star ranks|Three-star officer]] (rank of [[Lieutenant General]] of the Indian Army or equivalent) who reports directly to the [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]] (Chairman COSC) or [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|CDS]] (Chief of Defense Staff) in [[New Delhi]]. The Chief of Staff of the command is a [[two-star rank#Indian two-star ranks|two-star officer]]; each component (sea, land, air) is commanded by a [[one-star rank#Indian one-star ranks|one-star officer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.and.nic.in/releases/anc4day.htm |title=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Pib.and.nic.in |access-date=26 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421041015/http://pib.and.nic.in/releases/anc4day.htm |archive-date=21 April 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-indias-strategic-outpost/|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands: India’s Strategic Outpost|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319004415/https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-indias-strategic-outpost/|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-andaman-and-nicobar-to-become-a-major-amphibious-warfare-base-1345123|title=Andaman and Nicobar to become a major amphibious warfare base|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319030535/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-andaman-and-nicobar-to-become-a-major-amphibious-warfare-base-1345123|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> The command is currently headed by [[Lieutenant General]] [[Ajai Singh (lieutenant general)|Ajai Singh]], who took command on 1 June 2021 as the 16th CINCAN.

===Assets===
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind in a group photograph at the Joint Services Operational Demonstration by the Integral combat platforms and forces of Andaman and Nicobar Command, at Radhanagar beach, Swaraj Dweep, Andama.jpg|thumb|right|300x300px|The President, Shri [[Ram Nath Kovind]] at the Joint Services Operational Demonstration by the Integral combat platforms and forces of Andaman and Nicobar Command, at Radhanagar beach, Swaraj Dweep, Andaman and Nicobar on February 28, 2021]]

The Naval Component is the largest component and is commanded by a Naval Commodore (one star officer). Naval vessels in the component include [[Corvette|missile corvettes]], [[amphibious warfare vessel]]s, [[landing craft]]s, [[offshore patrol vessel]]s (OPV) and [[fast attack craft]]s (FAC). [[INS Karmuk (P64)|INS Karmuk]] and [[INS Kulish (P63)|INS Kulish]], two [[Kora-class corvette]]s were re-based to Port Blair from [[Eastern Naval Command]] on 6 April 2016 and 21 December 2017 respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/andaman-islands-get-first-missile-corvette/1/636068.html|title=Andaman islands get first missile Corvette|date=6 April 2016|publisher=India Today|access-date=6 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410031019/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/andaman-islands-get-first-missile-corvette/1/636068.html|archive-date=10 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/SpokespersonMoD/status/944092274304081920|title=INS Kulish a Kora Class missile corvette with an array of missiles and guns has joined the Naval Component of the Andaman and Nicobar Command in Port Blair on 21 December 2017pic.twitter.com/ueR71CtBzs|last=DPR|date=21 December 2017|website=@SpokespersonMoD|language=en|access-date=23 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228203024/https://twitter.com/SpokespersonMoD/status/944092274304081920|archive-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> [[INS Saryu (P54)|INS ''Saryu'']] and [[INS Sumedha|INS ''Sumedha'']], two [[Saryu-class patrol vessel]]s, have been based at Port Blair since 2013.<ref name="tsg4d">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/navy-ready-to-flex-muscles-in-south-china-sea|title=Navy ready to flex muscles in South China Sea|date=4 December 2011|newspaper=The Sunday Guardian|access-date=23 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314144436/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/navy-ready-to-flex-muscles-in-south-china-sea|archive-date=14 March 2014}}</ref> In addition, four [[Bangaram-class patrol vessel|''Bangaram''-class patrol vessels]], two [[Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel|''Car Nicobar''-class patrol vessels]], one [[Trinkat-class patrol vessel]], three [[Kumbhir-class tank landing ship|''Kumbhir''-class tank landing ships]], one [[Shardul-class tank landing ship|''Shardul''-class tank landing ship]], eight [[Mk. IV LCU]]s and the SDB Mk.3 large patrol craft are also deployed under the naval component.<ref name=inbaaz>{{cite web|title=New Naval Air Station 'INS Baaz' commissioned by CNS|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/new-naval-air-station-ins-baaz-commissioned-cns-0|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=1 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129194103/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/new-naval-air-station-ins-baaz-commissioned-cns-0|archive-date=29 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-andaman-and-nicobar-to-become-a-major-amphibious-warfare-base-1345123|title=Andaman and Nicobar to become a major amphibious warfare base|date=8 February 2010|newspaper=DNA India|access-date=19 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319030535/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-andaman-and-nicobar-to-become-a-major-amphibious-warfare-base-1345123|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> INAS 318 with [[Dornier 228]] and Flight 321 are deployed at [[INS Utkrosh]].<ref name=":1" />

The 108 Infantry Brigade of the [[Indian Army]], comprising three [[battalion]]s, which includes the [[Bihar Regiment|21 Bihar]], is deployed at Birchgunj in Port Blair under the army component. A [[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]] battalion is also deployed at Campbell Bay.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Army-majors-computer-hacked-classified-data-may-have-been-leaked/articleshow/5899568.cms Army major's computer hacked; classified data may have been leaked] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613010247/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Army-majors-computer-hacked-classified-data-may-have-been-leaked/articleshow/5899568.cms |date=13 June 2010 }}, [[Times of India]], New Delhi, 7 May 2010</ref><ref name="tniex23m14">{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Tiger-Outsmarts-Dragon-in-Andaman-Waters/2014/03/23/article2124696.ece#.Uy68i_mSyno|title=Tiger Outsmarts Dragon in Andaman Waters|newspaper=The New Indian Express|access-date=23 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323141209/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Tiger-Outsmarts-Dragon-in-Andaman-Waters/2014/03/23/article2124696.ece#.Uy68i_mSyno|archive-date=23 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Indian Airforce]]'s 15 FBSU (forward base support units), comprising 153 Squadron and 4 Maritime Element, are deployed at Port Blair. 37 Air Wing, comprising Helicopters from 122 squadron and [[Dornier 228]] from 151 squadron, are deployed at [[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|AFS Car Nicobar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-slowly-but-steadily-boost-military-presence-in-Andaman-and-Nicobar-Islands/articleshow/47182151.cms|title=India to slowly but steadily boost military presence in Andaman and Nicobar Islands – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128204528/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-slowly-but-steadily-boost-military-presence-in-Andaman-and-Nicobar-Islands/articleshow/47182151.cms|archive-date=28 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

The Andaman & Nicobar region of the [[Indian Coast Guard]] also falls under the purview of the command with RHQ and 745 squadron at Port Blair, DHQ 9 at Diglipur and DHQ 10 at Campbell Bay.<ref name=br1m>{{cite web|title=Andaman and Nicobar Command|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Today/Commands/67-Andaman-And-Nicobar-Command.html|publisher=Bharat Rakshak|access-date=1 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406010314/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Today/Commands/67-Andaman-And-Nicobar-Command.html|archive-date=6 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=tiex9a>{{cite news|title=Detained North Korean ship’s China voyages under scanner|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story_mobile.php?storyid=499885|access-date=1 March 2013|newspaper=the Indian Express|date=9 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In July 2012, the navy commissioned [[INS Baaz]], a naval air station which is located 300 nautical miles south of Port Blair and is the southernmost air station of the Indian Armed Forces.<ref name=inbaaz/> INS Jarawa at Phoenix Bay in Port Blair is the support base for the ships and the main naval and air force establishment in Port Blair.

===Modernization===

In 2013, the navy proposed to station a nuclear submarine and a [[Landing ship dock|landing deck platform]] at the islands in the future, and the [[Indian Air Force]] has decided to station [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]] fighters on the islands along with increasing the number of operational airfields. The Air Force also maintains an Air Defense Wing fielding a squadron of [[S-75 Dvina]] Long-Range SAMs and a squadron of [[S-125 Neva/Pechora]] Medium-range SAMs.<ref name=dns27f13 /> The army's single brigade is planned to be increased by deploying a division size force (about 15,000 troops) under the command.<ref name="navyRP"/><ref name=gs.org>{{cite web|title=Andaman and Nicobar Command|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/anc.htm|publisher=Global Security|access-date=1 March 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103035758/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/anc.htm|archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India to strengthen Andaman and Nicobar Command|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-to-strengthen-andaman-and-nicobar-command-to-take-on-china-450850|access-date=19 March 2014|newspaper=NDTV|date=26 November 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209090506/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-to-strengthen-andaman-and-nicobar-command-to-take-on-china-450850|archive-date=9 December 2013}}</ref> In 2015, it was reported that under the overall "island development plan", which includes a new naval air station at Campbell Bay, the existing runways at [[INS Baaz|Campbell Bay]] and [[INS Kohassa|Shibpur]] are to be extended, while more airstrips are proposed in the archipelago and more operational turn-around bases.<ref name=":0" /> The number of naval vessels based in the island chain will increase to 32 before 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Insight – From remote outpost, India looks to check China's Indian Ocean thrust|url = http://in.reuters.com/article/india-andamans-military-insight-idINKCN0PO2NB20150715|website = Reuters India|access-date = 1 January 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151228084534/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-andamans-military-insight-idINKCN0PO2NB20150715|archive-date = 28 December 2015}}</ref> In addition, Japanese war bunkers, constructed during Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar islands during the World War II, will be revived to bolster security.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Japanese war bunkers from World War II to be revived in Andaman and Nicobar Islands {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-japanese-war-bunkers-from-world-war-ii-to-be-revived-in-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-2139558|website = dna|access-date = 1 January 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228203024/http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-japanese-war-bunkers-from-world-war-ii-to-be-revived-in-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-2139558|archive-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>

== Operations ==
[[File:Operators on Indian Navy's Boeing P-8I search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.JPG|thumb|200px|Operators on Navy's Boeing P-8I search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.]]
[[File:India's search areas for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.jpg|thumb|200px|India's search areas for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.]]

===Unilateral security and anti-piracy initiatives ===

The Andaman and Nicobar Command manages Indian engagement with regional navies of [[Southeast Asia]]. It conducts bi-annual coordinated patrols (CORPATs) with the navies of Thailand and Indonesia, the annual [[SIMBEX]] maritime exercises with Singapore, and the biennial Milan multilateral naval exercises.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/milan-2014-unequivocal-success|title=Milan 2014 : An Unequivocal Success|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319013555/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/milan-2014-unequivocal-success|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/ins-karmuk-engaged-in-indo-thai-joint-patrol-english-news-1.1013778|title=INS Karmuk engaged in Indo-Thai joint patrol|last=Correspondent|first=Our Defence|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=25 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426113026/http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/india/ins-karmuk-engaged-in-indo-thai-joint-patrol-english-news-1.1013778|archive-date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/27th-india-indonesia-coordinated-patrol-corpat|title=27th India – Indonesia Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) {{!}} Indian Navy|website=indiannavy.nic.in|access-date=1 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430121056/http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/27th-india-indonesia-coordinated-patrol-corpat|archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> The Command also patrols India's exclusive economic zone to suppress gun running, narcotics smuggling, piracy, and poaching, and conducts maritime surveillance, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.<ref>{{cite news|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands, remote Indian archipelago, now part of MH370 hunt|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/03/14/an-introduction-to-the-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-a-remote-indian-archipelago-now-part-of-the-hunt-for-mh370/|access-date=18 March 2014|newspaper=Washington Post|date=14 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317234149/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/03/14/an-introduction-to-the-andaman-and-nicobar-islands-a-remote-indian-archipelago-now-part-of-the-hunt-for-mh370/|archive-date=17 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jeff M. Smith|title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands: India’s Strategic Outpost|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-indias-strategic-outpost/|publisher=The Diplomat|access-date=18 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319004415/https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-indias-strategic-outpost/|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why has India blocked foreign tsunami aid to the Nicobar and Andaman islands?|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/01/anda-j25.html|access-date=18 March 2014|newspaper=wsws.org|date=25 January 2005|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317090746/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/01/anda-j25.html|archive-date=17 March 2014}}</ref>

===Unilateral war exercises===

In April 2016, the command conducted an amphibious exercise called 'Jal Prahar' to check readiness and to ensure functional integrity of all three services on the islands. Ships, aircraft and troops along with tanks from both the Eastern Naval Command and Andaman & Nicobar Command participated in the exercise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-completes-amphibious-exercise-jal-prahar/articleshow/51959299.cms|title=Army completes amphibious exercise 'Jal Prahar' – The Economic Times|website=The Economic Times|access-date=25 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128113538/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-completes-amphibious-exercise-jal-prahar/articleshow/51959299.cms|archive-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> Defence of Andaman & Nicobar Islands Exercise (DANX-17) was conducted during 20–24 November 2017. Additional forces including [[SEPECAT Jaguar|Jaguar]] fighters, [[50th Parachute Brigade (India)|50th Parachute Brigade]], missile frigates and [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]] heavy lift aircraft also participated in the exercise. The purpose of the exercise was to practice the defence of the island chain and recapturing islands.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/china-indian-military-andaman-indian-navy/1/1096693.html|title=As China becomes more aggressive, in a first Indian Military conducts exercise to Liberate Andaman|access-date=23 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125114247/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/china-indian-military-andaman-indian-navy/1/1096693.html|archive-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

===Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370===

For the effort to search [[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]], the Commander-in-Chief Andaman and Nicobar Command was nominated as the Overall Force Commander of the Indian forces.<ref name=comm1>{{cite news|title=Lost Malaysian Aircraft – Indian Navy Joins search operations|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/lost-malaysian-aircraft-indian-navy-joins-search-operations|access-date=19 March 2014|newspaper=Indian Navy|date=16 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319052653/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/lost-malaysian-aircraft-indian-navy-joins-search-operations|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> Surface and airborne assets from the Andaman and Nicobar Command took part in the effort. The ANC command contributed navy ships [[INS Saryu (P54)|INS ''Saryu'']], [[INS Kesari (2005)|INS ''Kesari'']] and [[INS Kumbhir (L22)|INS ''Kumbhir'']], and coast guard vessels [[Priyadarshini-class patrol vessel|ICGS ''Kanaklata Baruah'']], ICGS ''Bhikaji Cama'' and [[Samar-class offshore patrol vessel|ICGS ''Sagar'']].<ref name="TOI32024463">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Missing-Malaysian-jet-Search-reaches-Chennai-coast-in-Bay-of-Bengal/articleshow/32024463.cms Missing Malaysian jet: Search reaches Chennai coast in Bay of Bengal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317092036/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Missing-Malaysian-jet-Search-reaches-Chennai-coast-in-Bay-of-Bengal/articleshow/32024463.cms |date=17 March 2014 }} Times of India 14 March 2012</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Malaysia Airlines MH370: India deploys 4 warships in search ops|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/FzrTaQGNrZsxDInQsYkMoM/Malaysia-Airlines-MH370-India-deploys-4-warships-in-search.html|access-date=13 March 2014|newspaper=Livemint|date=14 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313213816/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/FzrTaQGNrZsxDInQsYkMoM/Malaysia-Airlines-MH370-India-deploys-4-warships-in-search.html|archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-india-malaysia-airlines-idUSBREA2C0EP20140313 |title=India to deploy helicopters, ships in Malaysian jet search |agency=Reuters |date=13 March 2014 |access-date=13 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313194828/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/uk-india-malaysia-airlines-idUSBREA2C0EP20140313 |archive-date=13 March 2014 }}</ref> [[Eastern Naval Command]] (ENC) also contributed [[Shivalik-class frigate]]s [[INS Satpura (F48)|INS ''Satpura'']] and {{INS|Sahyadri|F49|6}}, and patrol vessel [[INS Batti Malv (T67)|INS Batti Malv]].<ref name=comm2>{{cite news|title=Lost Malaysian Aircraft – Indian Navy Joins search operations|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/lost-malaysian-aircraft-indian-navy-joins-search-operations|access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=Indian Navy|date=21 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319052653/http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/lost-malaysian-aircraft-indian-navy-joins-search-operations|archive-date=19 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=comm3>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-Navy-joins-search-for-missing-Malaysian-plane-in-the-Malacca-Straits/articleshow/31855418.cms |title=Indian Navy joins search |first=Jayanta |last=Gupta |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312072837/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-Navy-joins-search-for-missing-Malaysian-plane-in-the-Malacca-Straits/articleshow/31855418.cms |archive-date=12 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name=comm4>{{cite web|title=Search Operation for Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 suspended|url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_pressrelease.php?pg_id=107&news_id=847|publisher=Indian Air Force|access-date=30 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228203025/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_pressrelease.php?pg_id=107&news_id=847|archive-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> For aerial maritime surveillance, the ANC command dedicated two navy [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon|Boeing P-8I Neptune]]s, coast guard [[Dornier 228]], and [[Indian Air Force]] [[C-130J Super Hercules]] from Port Blair, and navy [[Dornier 228]] from [[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|Car Nicobar]].<ref name=comm1/> along with air force [[Mil Mi-17]] from ENC.<ref name=comm2/><ref name=comm3/><ref name=comm4/>

==See also==
; Integrated entities
* [[Defence Planning Committee]], tri-services command at policy level with NSA as its chief
* [[Defence Cyber Agency]], tri-services command
* [[Integrated Defence Staff]], tri-services command at strategic level composed of MoD, MEA and tri-services staff
* [[Armed Forces Special Operations Division]], tri-services command at operational level
* [[Defence Space Agency]], draws staff from all 3 services of Indian Armeed Forces
* [[Strategic Forces Command]], nuclear command of India
** [[Nuclear Command Authority (India)|Indian Nuclear Command Authority]], Strategic Forces Command
** [[Special Forces of India]], tri-services, RAW and internal Security each has own units

; Assets
* [[List of Indian Air Force stations]]
* [[List of Indian Navy bases]]
* [[List of active Indian Navy ships]]
* [[List of countries with overseas military bases#India|India's overseas military bases]]

; Other nations
* [[Special Operations Forces (Russia)|Special Operations Forces Command (KSSO)]] - Russian equivalent command
* [[Joint Special Operations Command|Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC)]] - U.S. equivalent command

; General concepts
* [[Joint warfare]], general concept
* [[Credible minimum deterrence]]
* [[List of cyber warfare forces]] of other nations

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://ids.nic.in/WebAbhiIDS/index.htm Official web site]
* [https://thediplomat.com/2014/03/andaman-and-nicobar-islands-indias-strategic-outpost/ ''Andaman and Nicobar Islands: India’s Strategic Outpost'', The Diplomat, Jeff M. Smith, 18 March 2014]

{{Military of India}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Military units and formations of India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2001]]
[[Category:Joint military units and formations of India]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Port Blair]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Andaman and Nicobar Command