Perumukkal

2021-05-24T17:52:57Z

2409:4072:6C8A:C2A4:32AB:E94D:DB69:60A7: /* Hospitals and other facilities */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2016}}

{{Infobox Historic Site
| name = Perumukkal village
| native_language = ta
| image =
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| caption =
| designation1 =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1value = {{IND}}
| designation1_free2name = Region
| designation1_free2value =
| location = [[Villuppuram]], India
| elevation =
| built =
| architect =
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| coordinates = {{coord|12.199782|79.736441|display=inline}}
| locmapin = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| visitation_num =
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}}

'''Perumukkal''' is a small village in the [[Tindivanam]] municipality of the [[Viluppuram district|Villuppuram]] district in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The major occupation of its residents is agriculture. In 2011 it had a population of 3,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.com/tamil-nadu/viluppuram/tindivanam/perumukkal/|title=Tehsil Perumukkal of district Viluppuram, Tamil Nadu|website=Indiamapped.com|accessdate=28 November 2018}}</ref>

==Etymology==
During the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] dynasty, Perumukkal was known as "''perumukkilaana gangai konda nalloor''" ({{lang-ta|பெருமுக்கிலான கங்கை கொண்ட நல்லூர்}}). The current name is an abbreviation of this earlier title.

==Location==
Perumukkal is located {{convert|12|km|mi}} east of [[Tindivanam]], {{convert|25|km|mi}} west of [[Marakkanam]] on the [[Tindivanam]]-[[Marakkanam]] road.

==Hospitals and other facilities==
The medical centers in Perumukkal include perumukkal PHC , Rajeswari Clinic.

==Historical sites==
The recorded history of Perumukkal dates back six millennia. Historical landmarks in Perumukkal include the 4000 B.C.E. [[Petroglyph]], the 7th century Mukthialeeswarar Temple, the ruined Kamatchiamman temple, and a [[Dargah]].

===Petroglyphs===
[[File:Perumukkal petroglyph 1.JPG|thumb|Petroglyph in Perumukkal]]
Petroglyphs are found in [[Sita]] Cave, which is located at the top of a hill near the village. Local people believe [[Sita]], the central female character in the Hindu epic [[Ramayana]], lived in this cave. This is the only petroglyph ever discovered in [[Tamil Nadu]] and is one of the four found in India. These petroglyphs are similar to the [[Egyptian Hieroglyphics]] letters and hence are believed to be from around 4000 BCE. However, some researchers date these to the [[megalith]]ic age.<ref>Nadana. Kasinathan and Ara. Vasanthakalyani, "Perumukkal Kalvettukal", Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology, Chennai, 1998</ref>

===Perumukkal Fort===
The Perumukkal Fort is a small fort about 437 feet above sea level. Situated on a hill, ruins of the fort are an indication of where it once stood. This fort has been subject to various conquests. In 1761{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}} it was captured by [[Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]] of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]. In 1780 the fort was captured by [[Haider]],{{clarify|date=January 2021|reason=possibly [[Hyder Ali#Descent upon the Carnatic]]}} and regained by the English in 1783. In 1790 it was taken by [[Tippu Sultan|Tippu]].

===Mukthialeeswarar Temple===
[[File:Perumukkal hillock 1.JPG|thumb|Perumukkal Hillock]]
The Mukthialeeswarar Temple, located atop of the Perumukkal [[hillock]], had originally been built in brick, was converted to a stone temple during the period of [[Vikrama Chola]]
(1118-35 CE). The deity of the temple is known as Tiruvanmikai Eswaramudayar, as well as Perumukkal [[Udayar (title)|Udayar]] in [[Tamil script|Tamil]] (பெருமுக்கல் உடையார்) and Mukthiyaleeswarar in [[Sanskrit]]. The donations made by the Chola, [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandya]], [[Sambuvaraya]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] rulers have been recorded in more than 60 [[Vatteluttu alphabet|Vatteluthu]] inscriptions found on the temple walls dating back to the 7th century C.E.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tnarch.gov.in/cons/temple/temple15.htm/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102230004/http://www.tnarch.gov.in/cons/temple/temple15.htm |archivedate=2012-01-02 }}</ref>

===Anjaneya Temple===
This temple is present to the south of Mukthialeeswarar Temple. The inscriptions say that it is built by Ambalavan Kandarathithan. <ref>Nadana. Kasinathan and Ara. Vasanthakalyani, "Perumukkal Kalvettukal", Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology, Chennai, 1998</ref>

===Kamatchiamman Temple===
The temple at the foot of the hill, is called Thiru Kama Kotta Periya Nachiyar koil as per the inscriptions in that temple. The temple is in complete ruins. <ref>Nadana. Kasinathan and Ara. Vasanthakalyani, "Perumukkal Kalvettukal", Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology, Chennai, 1998</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Perumukkal inscription 1.JPG|Inscription
File:Sita Cave.JPG|Sita Cave Entrance
File:Perumukkal petroglyph 2.JPG|Petroglyph Symbol 1
File:Perumukkal petroglyph 3.JPG|Petroglyph Symbol 2
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Perumukkal}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUxVwZXf6rQ&list=UUppaK1uqALtjRqhta8L0EKw&index=5&feature=plcp Perumukkal petroglyph video]

[[Category:Villages in Viluppuram district]]

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Perumukkal