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Moore Market Complex railway station

2021-08-27T15:18:55Z

2409:4072:6C87:6E0C:0:0:18C8:2207:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{coord|13.08321|N|80.27424|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox station
| name = M.G.R Chennai Central Suburban Terminal<hr />Moore Market Complex
| type = Terminal of [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]
| image = Chennai Moore Market Station.jpg
| image_caption = The office complex and entrance of the station
| address = Station Road, [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| coordinates =
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| line = [[North Line, Chennai Suburban|North Line]], [[West Line, Chennai Suburban|West Line]] and [[West North Line, Chennai Suburban|West North Line]]
| platform = 5
| tracks = 5
| other =
| structure = Standard on-ground station
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| ADA = Chennai Central
| code = MASS
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railways]]
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| former = Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway
| mpassengers =
| passengers = 7,00,000
| pass_system =
| pass_year = 2020
| pass_percent =
| services = 1000 local train services
| map_type = India Chennai
}}

The '''Moore Market Complex''' or '''M.G.R Chennai Central Suburban Terminal''' (station code: '''MASS''') is a commercial building complex and railway terminus for the [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] system, situated in [[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]] in [[Chennai]], India. The name Moore Market comes from a market that used to exist at the site before being demolished to make way for the expansion of the [[Chennai Central]] station.

==History==
[[File:The Moore Market.jpg|left|thumb|180px|The Moore Market, c. 1905]]
Moore Market was originally built to house the [[hawker (trade)|hawker]]s in the [[George Town, Chennai|Broadway]] area of [[Madras]]. Its foundation stone was laid by Sir George Moore, president of the [[Madras Corporation]] in 1898. The building was designed in the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style by R. E. Ellis and was constructed by A. Subramania Aiyar. The market, which consisted of a series of shops around a central quadrangle was finally completed in 1900, and had sections for meat, flowers and food items, but was particularly popular for curios including antiques, art, books and pets. Over the years, it gradually took the status of a flea market where one could buy rare and second hand items for a bargain.<ref name="ToMarketToMarket">{{cite news
| last = Sriram
| first = V.
| title = To market, to market...
| newspaper = India Today
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = IndiaToday.in
| date = 10 October 2008
| url = http://www.indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&issueid=82&id=17270&sectionid=20&secid=30&Itemid=1
| access-date = 18 Nov 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| title = Gun Street of Chennai
| work =
| publisher = ChennaiBest.com
| date =
| url = http://www.chennaibest.com/discoverchennai/citylifestyle/bazaarbuzz/gunstreet.asp
| doi =
| access-date = 18 Nov 2012}}</ref>

The [[Indian Railways]], needing land to expand the congested [[Chennai Central railway station|M.G.R Chennai Central]] station, tried unsuccessfully to take over the market. On 30 May 1985, the market building was destroyed due to a fire whose cause remains a mystery.<ref>[http://www.maltap.com/anglo/site/index.php?page=news&type=view&id=60]</ref> The structure was later razed to make way for the new [[Chennai Suburban Railway]] terminus and reservation centre. This multistoreyed building also houses the offices of various departments of the railways. The demolition of the market and [[People's Park, Chennai|People's Park]] is considered to mark the beginning of heritage activism in the city.<ref name="ToMarketToMarket"/>

===Rehabilitation===
The government later built a new commercial complex named Lily Pond Complex to rehabilitate the traders of Moore Market, further west of the original site. Built in 1986 at a cost of {{INR}} 66 million, the shopping complex lies mostly vacant due to poor patronage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/folio/fo9908/99080160.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719003327/http://www.hinduonnet.com/folio/fo9908/99080160.htm |archive-date=19 July 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Majority of the traders continue to live on the streets to this day, hawking used mechanical and electronic goods.

==Traffic==
The station has five platforms, viz., platform numbers 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, which are technically continuous with platforms in the M.G.R Chennai Central main railway station. With the laying of two additional lines in September 2016, there are now six lines running between the station and the [[Basin Bridge railway station]]. The station caters to about 275 train services daily and is used by about 200,000 passengers every day.<ref name="Hindu_FateOfRoyapuramOnStudy">{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Fate of Royapuram station rests on study
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| date = 22 August 2013
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/fate-of-royapuram-station-rests-on-study/article5045857.ece
| access-date = 26 Jan 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chennai Central railway station|M.G.R Chennai Central]]
* [[Chennai Suburban Railway]]
* [[Railway stations in Chennai]]
{{Portal bar|India|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, North|Chennai Central|n/a|Basin Bridge|1|0}}
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West|Chennai Central|n/a|Basin Bridge|1|0}}
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West North|Chennai Central|n/a|Basin Bridge|1|0}}
{{Chennai - Suburban Railway, West South|Chennai Central|n/a|Basin Bridge|1|0}}
{{Chennai topics|left}}

[[Category:Stations of Chennai Suburban Railway]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Chennai]]

Thanjavur district

2021-08-27T14:02:28Z

2409:4072:6C87:6E0C:0:0:18C8:2207:

{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Thanjavur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thanjavur district
| other_name =
| nickname = Rice Bowl Of Tamil Nadu
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = N-TN-C192 Sunrise-Perspective-of-BigTemple.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur|Periya Kovil]]
| image_map = India Tamil Nadu districts Thanjavur.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|47|8.16|N|79|8|24.36|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name2 = 
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipal Corporations]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Thanjavur]], [[Kumbakonam]]
| subdivision_type4 = Municipalities
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = Town Panchayats
| subdivision_name5 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Budalur]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Orathanadu]], [[Papanasam]], [[Pattukkottai]], [[Peravurani]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Thiruvaiyaru]], [[Thiruvidaimarudur]]
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Thanjavur]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = Thiru. M. Govinda Rao [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/collectors|Thanjavur district Collector]</ref>
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = J.Mahesh [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>
|leader _title3 = Prince of Thanjavur
[[Thanjavur Royal Family]]
[http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/CCTNSNICSDC/wicket/page?13|Thanjavur City Superintendent of Police]</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,405,890
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 613xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04362,0435
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = TN-49, TN-68<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf www.tn.gov.in]</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 
| blank2_name_sec1 = Central location:
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|Thanjavur.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Thanjavur District''' is one of the [[Districts of Tamil Nadu|38 districts]] of the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in southeastern [[India]]. Its headquarters is [[Thanjavur]]. The district is located in the delta of the [[Cauvery River]] and is mostly agrarian. As of 2011, Thanjavur district had a population of 2,405,890 with a sex-ratio of 1,035 females for every 1,000 males.

== Geography ==
[[File:Paddy Fields Thanjavur.jpg|thumb|left|Agriculture - especially the cultivation of rice - is the main occupation of people in Thanjavur district.]]
[[File:Brihadeeswara.jpg|thumb|220px|left|The [[Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur|Brihadisvara Temple]] at Thanjavur]]
The district is located at {{Coord|10.08|N|79.16|E|}} in Central Tamil Nadu bounded on the northeast by [[Mayiladuthurai district]], on the east by [[Tiruvarur District]], on the south by the [[Palk Strait]] of [[Bay of Bengal]] on the west by [[Pudukkottai District]] and [[Tiruchirappalli District|Tiruchirappalli]], small border with [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]] on the northeast and on the north by the river [[Kollidam]], across which lie part of [[Tiruchirappalli District|Tiruchirappalli]], and [[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]] districts.

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=9,28,222|13=1911|14=9,78,651|15=1921|16=9,58,929|17=1931|18=9,86,308|19=1941|20=10,59,583|21=1951|22=12,28,360|23=1961|24=13,17,920|25=1971|26=15,92,998|27=1981|28=18,48,132|29=1991|30=20,53,760|31=2001|32=22,16,138|33=2011|34=24,05,890|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Thanjavur district had a population of 2,405,890 with a sex-ratio of 1,035 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 238,598 were under the age of six, constituting 121,949 males and 116,649 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 18.91% and 0.15% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.44%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The district had a total of 605,363 households. There were a total of 974,079 workers, comprising 117,321 cultivators, 327,673 main agricultural labourers, 26,430 in house hold industries, 363,060 other workers, 139,595 marginal workers, 12,592 marginal cultivators, 87,688 marginal agricultural labourers, 4,770 marginal workers in household industries and 34,545 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Thanjavur district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=695770|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

== Economy ==
=== Agriculture ===
Thanjavur district lies in the [[Kaveri]] delta, the most fertile region in the state.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nathan |first=K. K. |title=Assessment of Recent Droughts in Tamil Nadu |date=October 1995 |magazine=Drought Network News |url=http://drought.unl.edu/pubs/dnn/arch9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030317211040/http://drought.unl.edu/pubs/dnn/arch9.pdf |archive-date=17 March 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The district is the main [[rice]] producing region in the state and hence known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Thanjavur (District Official Website)|publisher= District Administration of Thanjavur |url=http://www.thanjavur.tn.nic.in/ }}</ref> The [[Kaveri River]] and its tributaries irrigate the district. Apart from paddy, farmers here grow [[coconut]] and [[sugarcane]] and it is the largest producer of coconut in Tamil Nadu. Being an agrarian economy, industrial growth in the district is mainly confined to agro-based industries. Many rice mills and oil mills are spread over the district.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Tourism ==

=== Great Living Chola Temples of Thanjavur ===
[[File:Airavateswara Temple, Darasuram in Thanjavur District.jpg|thumb|[[Airavateswara temple]], Darasuram in kumbakonam,Thanjavur District was built by [[Rajaraja II|Rajaraja Chola II]] in the 12th century CE and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.]]
Thanjavur's [[Brihadisvara Temple]] (known also as Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyār Kōvil), built by the [[Cholas]] and now a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], is one of the largest of its kind and also one of the finest examples of classical Dravidian architecture in the world.
[[Airavateswara temple]] in [[Darasuram]] near [[Kumbakonam]] has also been designated part of the same UNESCO World Heritage site and forms another major tourist attraction of the district.
The green paddy fields of the Kaveri river valley provide a picturesque setting for these and other important ancient monuments of the district.

== Flora ==
The [[flora]] of Thanjavur was studied and documented in some detail by S.A Ganapathy for a doctoral thesis in 1992.<ref name="Ragupathy, S.">{{Cite book|last= Ragupathy |first=Subramanyam |year=1992 |title= Flora of Thanjavur District |series=Doctoral dissertation, PhD thesis |publisher= Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras |location=Madras, India }}</ref>

== Cultural significance ==
Thanjavur is famous for the "Saraswathi veena" (the national instrument), Thanjavur art plates, Thanjavur oil paintings and Thalaiyatti Bommai.

== Notable people ==
{{See also|List of people associated with Thanjavur district}}
* [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]]
* [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]]
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]], actor and former Rajya Sabha Member
* [[K. Thulasiah Vandayar]], former MP
* [[G. K. Moopanar|G K Moopanar TMC- Congress]]
* [[S. S. Palanimanickam]], former Central Minister
* [[S. D. Somasundaram|S.D Somasundaram EX Minister and MP]]
* [[K. Parasuraman|Parasuram EX MP - Loksabha]]
* [[L. Ganesan| L. Ganesan - EX MLA, MP, MLC]]
* [[R. Vaithilingam|R. VaithiyaLingam - Ex Minister and Rajya Sabha Member]]
* [[M. Ramachandran|M Ramachandran MLA - DMk]]
* [[Durai Govindarajan|Durai Govindarajan EX MLA]]
* [[Tiruvaiyaru (state assembly constituency)|Durai Chandrasekaran MLA]]
* [[S.Shankar]]

== See also ==
*[[Chola Nadu]]
*[[Achanoor]]
*[[Adirampattinam]]
*[[Ayyampettai (Thanjavur district)|Ayyampettai]]
*[[Kumbakonam]]
*[[Madukkur]]
*[[Temples of Kumbakonam]]
*[[Peravurani]]
*[[Pattukkottai]]
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://thanjavur.nic.in/ Thanjavur District]

{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Thanjavur district}}
{{Largest cities
| name = :Thanjavur district
| country = Thanjavur district
| stat_ref = [http://censusindia.gov.in/NprStateReport.aspx?stcd=33&distcd=19&tslcode=005 Census of TN 2011]
| list_by_pop =
| class = nav
| div_name = Province
| div_link = Taluk
| city_1 = Thanjavur | div_1 = Thanjavur taluk | pop_1 = 290,724 | img_1 = Thanjavur - Brihadisvara Temple (56).jpg
| city_2 = Kumbakonam | div_2 = Kumbakonam taluk | pop_2 = 140,156 | img_2 = Cauvery Bridge Kumbakonam.jpg
| city_3 = Pattukkottai | div_3 = Pattukkottai taluk | pop_3 = 73,135 | img_3 =
| city_4 = Adiramapattinam | div_4 = Pattukkottai taluk | pop_4 = 31,066 | img_4 =
| city_5 = Peravurani | div_5 = Peravurani taluk | pop_5 = 21,035 | img_5 =
| city_6 = Papanasam | div_6 = Papanasam taluk | pop_6 = 16,397 | img_6 =
| city_7 = Madukkur | div_7 = Pattukkottai taluk | pop_7 = 15,436 | img_7 =
| city_8 = Thiruvaiyaru | div_8 = Thiruvaiyaru taluk | pop_8 = 14,535 | img_8 =
| city_9 = Vallam | div_9= Thanjavur taluk | pop_9 = 14,495 | img_9 =
| city_10 = Ayyampettai (Thanjavur district) | div_10 = Papanasam taluk | pop_10 = 14,202 | img_10 =
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Thanjavur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]