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United Progressive Alliance

2022-11-16T07:56:04Z

2409:4072:6C80:14C0:0:0:248:8611: /* Past members */

{{Short description|Coalition of the Indian National Congress and its allies}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = United Progressive Alliance
|native_name= {{IAST3|Sānyūkt Prāgatisheél Gaṭhabaṃdhana}}
| abbreviation = UPA
| founder = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| colorcode = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| chairman = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| incumbent =
| formerpm = [[Manmohan Singh]] (2004–2014)
| loksabha_leader = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| rajyasabha_leader =
| eci = Recognised
| national_convener =
| no_of_members = [[United Progressive Alliance (India)#Current membership|15 Parties]]
| foundation = 2004
| position = [[Big tent]]
| ideology = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|110|543|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|50|245|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1037|4036|hex=#00BFFF}}
| no_states = {{Composition bar|5|31|hex=#00BFFF}}
|alliance=[[List of United Progressive Alliance members|20 parties]]
|party_logo=United Progressive Alliance logo.svg}}
'''United Progressive Alliance''' ('''UPA''') is a [[Center (politics)|centre]] political alliance of predominantly left-leaning [[political parties in India]]. It was formed after the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://electionaffairs.com/parties/UPA.html |title=United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results|work=electionaffairs.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205005205/http://electionaffairs.com/parties/UPA.html|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> The largest party in UPA is [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). It formed a government with support from other left-aligned parties in [[2004 Indian general election|2004]] after no single party could get the majority.

==History==
=== 2004–2008: Formation and rise ===
UPA was formed soon after the 2004 general elections when no party had won a majority. The then ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won 181 seats<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm Small parties, independents in great demand] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5h7IN06jn?url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm |date=28 May 2009 }}</ref> of 544, as opposed to the UPA's tally of 218 seats.

The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] with 59 MPs (excluding the [[speaker of the Lok Sabha]]), the [[Samajwadi Party]] with 39 MPs and the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] with 19 MPs were other significant blocks that supported UPA at various times.<ref>Originally the SP had [http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx 39 MPs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831102348/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=31 August 2009 }}. [http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/25upavote1.htm 6 MPs defied party whip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726003632/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=26 July 2008 }} and have been expelled from the party.</ref><ref>[http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx Lok Sabha members] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831102348/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=31 August 2009}}</ref> UPA did not achieve a majority, rather it relied on external support, similar to the formula adopted by the previous minority governments of the [[United Front (India)|United Front]], the NDA, the Congress government of [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], and earlier governments of [[V. P. Singh]] and [[Chandra Shekhar]].

An informal alliance had existed prior to the elections as several of the constituent parties had developed seat-sharing agreements in many states. After the election the results of negotiations between parties were announced. The UPA government's policies were initially guided by a [[common minimum programme]] that the alliance hammered out with consultations with [[Jyoti Basu]] and [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]] of the 59-member Left Front.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Congress_pins_hopes_on_Jyoti_Basu/articleshow/3228282.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Congress pins hopes on Jyoti Basu }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Hence, government policies were generally perceived as centre-left, reflecting the [[Centrism|centrist]] policies of the INC.

During the tenure of [[Jharkhand]] Chief Minister [[Madhu Koda]], the constituents of the UPA were, by mutual consent, supporting his government.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar5.htm Madhu Koda to be next Jharkhand CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103105644/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar5.htm |date=3 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</ref>

On 22 July 2008, the UPA survived a [[2008 Lok Sabha vote of confidence|vote of confidence]] in the parliament brought on by the Left Front withdrawing their support in protest at the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7519860.stm|title=Indian government survives vote|publisher=BBC News|date=22 July 2008|access-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007055456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7519860.stm|archive-date=7 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress party and its leaders along with then SP leader Amar Singh were accused of a "cash for vote" scam as part of the [[cash-for-votes scandal]], in which they were accused of buying votes in Lok Sabha to save the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cash-for-votes-scam-amar-singh-secrets/1/147148.html|title=Cash-for-votes scam: The deadly secrets of sting Singh : Cover Story - India Today|work=intoday.in|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714180203/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cash-for-votes-scam-amar-singh-secrets/1/147148.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2011/2008-cash-for-vote-scam-rocks-in-2011.html|title=Cash For Vote Scam - Amar Singh - Supreme Court - Sudheendra Kulkarni - Swamajwadi Party - BJP|work=oneindia.com|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707031328/http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2011/2008-cash-for-vote-scam-rocks-in-2011.html|archive-date=7 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cashforvote-scam-2008-court-orders-further-probe/1017051/|title=Cash-for-vote scam 2008: Court orders further probe|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090341/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cashforvote-scam-2008-court-orders-further-probe/1017051/|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> During UPA I the economy saw steady economic growth and many people escaped poverty.

=== 2009–2014: Struggles ===
In the Indian General Election in 2009, the UPA won 262 seats, of which the INC accounted for 206. During UPA II, the alliance was broiled in scams. This ranged from 2G spectrum to Coalgate scam. These scams impacted UPA's image nationwide and the approval rating for the govt fell. In addition many members left for [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]. This started a domino effect with members leaving to form their own parties and parties such as DMK leaving the alliance altogether. During this time UPA struggled with state election and leadership stability. The alliance suffered a defeat in 2019 Lok Sabha elections as it won only 60 seats. In addition UPA won only one state election and got wiped out from [[Andhra Pradesh]] 0 where they previously had 150+ MLA.

=== 2015–2019: Slump, rise back ===
From 2014 to 2017, UPA won only 3 state elections. This was blamed on the alliance's failed leadership and weakness compared to the NDA. In addition the part lost power in states where they had once won state elections as in Bihar. In 2017 the alliance lost again. In 2018 UPA had a phenomenal comeback in the state elections as the party won important in [[Karnataka]], [[Rajasthan]] and others. More parties joined the alliance and it was stronger than ever.

In 2019 Indian general election when UPA won only 91 seats in the general election and failed to secure the opposition post. The alliance lost another state to BJP with the party winning by-polls and pushing the UPA into the minority.

Towards the end of 2019, the alliance made huge gains in [[Haryana]], won in [[Jharkhand]] and formed a sub alliance called [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] to form the [[Government of Maharashtra|government in Maharashtra]] with [[Uddhav Thackeray]] of [[Shiv Sena]] leading the [[Thackeray ministry|ministry]]. Shiv Sena had been a member of NDA for twenty five years. It left NDA and joined UPA in 2019.<ref name="Wasted 25 Years">{{cite news |title="Wasted 25 Years In Alliance With BJP...," Says Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-says-wasted-25-years-in-alliance-with-bjp-2725461 |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=23 January 2022}}</ref>

=== 2020–present: Continuation ===
Since 2020, more parties joined the alliance. The alliance lost the [[Bihar]] election that everyone expected it to win. In addition UPA only won 1 out of the 5 state elections in 2021. However the alliance made significant gain in a number of MLA races.

==Membership==
{{Main|List of United Progressive Alliance members}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
! style="width:100px;"|MPs in Lok Sabha
! style="width:100px;"|MPs in Rajya Sabha
!MLA in state legislature
! style="width:170px;"|Base state
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |1
| {{Flagicon image|INC Flag Official.jpg}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 52
| style="text-align: center;" | 29
| style="text-align: center;" |688
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |2
| {{Flagicon image|Flag DMK.svg}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 24
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
| style="text-align: center;" |139
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |3
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg}} [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
| style="text-align: center;" |59
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |4
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg}} [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 15
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#fa0019; text-align:center; color:white;"|5
| {{Flagicon image|JKNC-flag.svg}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |6
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" |30
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Jharkhand]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |7
| {{Flagicon image|MDMK.svg}} [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |8
|{{Flagicon image|RSP-flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#d10; text-align:center; color:white;"|9
| {{Flagicon image|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png}} [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |4
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background:#353982; text-align:center; color:white;"|10
|[[Goa Forward Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Goa]]
|-
| style="background:purple; text-align:center; color:white;"|11
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#00f; text-align:center; color:white;"|12
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#c60; text-align:center; color:white;"|13
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#ccf; text-align:center; color:white;"|14
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:teal; text-align:center; color:white;"|15
|[[Nationalist Congress Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#c60; text-align:center; color:white;"|16
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#7f00ff; text-align:center; color:white;"|17
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#ff4946; text-align:center; color:white;"|18
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independents}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |19
|Independents
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |26
| style="text-align: center;" |None
|- style="text-align: center;"
| style="background-color:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}; " |
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 90
| style="text-align: center;" | 50
| style="text-align: center;" | 974
|[[India]]
|}

== Governments ==
[[File:State- and union territory-level parties.svg|alt=|thumb|250x250px]]
{{legend|#00bfff|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)}}
{{legend|#00ebff|Coalition with INC (3)}}
{{legend|#FF0000|Other Parties ([[Aam Admi Party|AAP]] (2), [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]], [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]], [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]) (7)}}
{{legend|#000000|President's Rule (2) }}
{{legend|#808080|Without Legislature (5) }}

As of May 2021, the UPA has chief ministers in five states.

=== List of state governments ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|S.No
! rowspan="2"|State/UT
! rowspan="2" |Government
! colspan="5"|Chief minister
! colspan="9"|Party/alliance partner
! rowspan="2"|Seats in assembly
! rowspan="2"|Last election
|-
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Seats
!Since
! colspan="2" |1
! colspan="2" |2
! colspan="2" |3
! colspan="2" |Others
!IND
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|17 December 2018
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align: center;" |71
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Chhattisgarh|17 December 2018]]
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center;" |'''None'''
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|71/90]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|11 December 2018]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
|17 December 2018
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align: center;" |108
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Rajasthan|17 December 2018]]
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |'''None'''
| style="text-align: center;" |13
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|121/200]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|11 December 2018]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|28 November 2019
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| style="text-align: center;" |57
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|28 November 2019]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (53)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (43)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi|BVA]] (3)
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (2), [[Omprakash Babarao Kadu|PJP]] (2), [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]] (1)
| style="text-align: center;" |8
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|170/288]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|21 October 2019]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|28 December 2019
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Hemant Soren]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
| style="text-align: center;" |30
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|28 December 2019]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (1)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (1)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(M-L)]] (1)
| style="text-align: center;" |None
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|51/81]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|23 December 2019]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
|7 May 2021
| style="text-align: center;" |[[M. K. Stalin|M.K Stalin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="text-align: center;" |133
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|7 May 2021]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)
| style="background:#1d7fe0;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (4)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] (2)
| style="text-align: center;" |None
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|159/234]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|}

After the bifurcation of [[United Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] in [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|2014]], UPA could not regain its power in those two states anymore.

== Strength in legislative assemblies ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!State/UT
!MLA seats
!INC
! Colspan=2 | UPA
!Overall seats
! Chief minister party
! {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| 175
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|175|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[YSRCP]]
| <ref name=":0">[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 60
| 4
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|4|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
|126
|27
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]](1)
|{{Composition bar|28|126|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
|<ref>[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
| 243
| 19
| colspan="2"|'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|19|243|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
| 90
| 71
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|71|90|hex=#00BFFF}}
| '''INC''' (UPA)
| <ref>[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]]
| 40
| 11
| style="background:#353982;"|
|[[Goa Forward Party|GFP]](1)
|{{Composition bar|12|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Goa Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]
| 182
| 64
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|{{Composition bar|65|182|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Haryana]]
| 90
| 31
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|31|90|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 68
| 22
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|22|68|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|Rowspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|Rowspan=4| 81
|Rowspan=4| 17
| style="background:#8a0000;"|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]](30)
|Rowspan=4| {{Composition bar|50|81|hex=#00BFFF}}
|Rowspan=4| '''[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]'''(UPA)
|Rowspan=4| <ref>[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:green;"|
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]](1)
|-
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]](1)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(M-L)]](1)
|-
| [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]]
| 224
| 69
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|{{Composition bar|70|224|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| rowspan="5" | 140
| rowspan="5" | 20
| style="background:green;"|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]](15)
| rowspan="5" | {{Composition bar|40|140|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="5" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (LDF)
| rowspan="5" | <ref>[[Kerala Legislature]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#c90;"|
|[[Kerala Congress|KC]] (2)
|-
| style="background:#cc6601;"|
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(J)]](1)
|-
| style="background:#ff1d15;"|
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]](1)
|-
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 230
| 96
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|96|230|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| rowspan="7" |288
| rowspan="7" |44
| style="background:#f26f21;"|
|[[Shiv Sena|SS]](57)
| rowspan="7" |{{Composition bar|170|288|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="7" |'''[[Shiv Sena]]''' (UPA)
| rowspan="7" |<ref>[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]](53)
|-
| style="background:purple;"|
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi|BVA]](3)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (2)
|-
| style="background:#00f;"|
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP]](2)
|-
| style="background:#ff4946;"|
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]](1)
|-
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](8)
|-
| [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]]
| 60
| 5
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|6|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]
| 60
| 5
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Mizoram]]
| 40
| 5
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|5|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Mizo National Front|MNF]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]]
| 60
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
| 147
| 9
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|10|147|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| <ref>[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
| 117
| 18
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|19|117|hex=#00BFFF}}
| AAP
|<ref>[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| 200
| 108
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (13)
|{{Composition bar|121|200|hex=#00BFFF}}
| '''INC''' (UPA)
|<ref>[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]]
| 32
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|32|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]] (NDA)
|<ref>[[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| rowspan="4" | 234
| rowspan="4" | 18
| style="background:#bc0111;"|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]](133)
| rowspan="4" |{{Composition bar|159|234|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="4" |'''[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]'''(UPA)
| rowspan="4" |<ref>[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#1e90ff;"|
| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]](4)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]](2)
|-
| style="background:#ff1d15;"|
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]](2)
|-
| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| 119
| 6
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|6|119|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| <ref>[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
| 60
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 403
| 2
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|2|403|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
| 70
| 19
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|19|70|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| 294
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|294|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|<ref>[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi]]
| 70
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|70|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|<ref>[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 90
| colspan="5" |'''NA'''
| <ref>[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
| 33
| 2
| style="background:#bc0111;"|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]](6)
|{{Composition bar|8|33|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
! '''Total'''
! '''4126'''
! 692
! Colspan=2 |345
!{{Composition bar|1037|4036|hex=#00BFFF}}
! UPA (5)
! 31
|}

== Strength in legislative Council ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!State/UT
!MLA seats
!INC
! colspan="2" |UPA
!Overall seats
!Chief minister party
!Vacant (If Any)
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| 58
| 0
| colspan="2" | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|58|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[YSR Congress Party]]
|1
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]]
| rowspan="2" |75
| rowspan="2" |3
|
|
| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|4|75|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal (United)]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
|-
|[[Karnataka Legislative Council|Karnataka]]
|75
|26
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|26|75|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|'''None'''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Maharashtra]]
| rowspan="4" |78
| rowspan="4" |9
|
|[[Shiv Sena|SS]] (15)
| rowspan="4" |{{Composition bar|39|78|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Shiv Sena]]
| rowspan="4" |13
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (11)
|-
|
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]] (2)
|-
|
|[[Independent politician|IND]] (2)
|-
|[[Telangana Legislative Council|Telangana]]
|40
|1
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|1|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|6
|
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Uttar Pradesh]]
|100
|1
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|1|100|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|1
|
|-
!'''Total'''
!MLA seats
!40
! colspan="2" | 37
!77/426
! UPA (1)
!45
! {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|}

== Sub-Alliance ==
UPA runs a few Sub-Alliance in an effort to connect to more parties. The goal of the sub-alliance is to get parties which do not want to be in the UPA national level but only in state level :-

* [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] (Tamil Nadu)
* [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] (Maharashtra)
* [[Secular Progressive Front|Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance]] (Manipur)
* [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (Kerala)
* [[Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)|Mahagthbandhan]] (Jharkhand)
* [[Sanjukta Morcha]] (West Bengal)
===Disbanded alliances===
* [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagthbandhan]] (Bihar)

==Past members==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
! style="width:80px;"|State
! style="width:60px;"|Date
! style="width:600px;"|Reason for withdrawal
|-
|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhgam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|2004
|Alliance with [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Telangana]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2006
| Differences over proposed statehood for [[Telangana]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2008
| Congress opposed the UP government where the BSP was the ruling party
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}; text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2009
| Congress decided to support [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] Government in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2009
| PMK declared that it would join the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] led front
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}; text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align: center;" | [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Telangana]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2012
| Accused Congress led State Government of Communalism
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2012
| TMC's demands on rollbacks and reforms not met, including the governments decision to allow [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] in retail
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Janata (Democratic)}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2014
| It merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]] on 29 December 2014.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2014
|Decided to leave after 2014 election performance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Karnataka]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2019
| After JD(S)-INC alliance govt fell in Karnataka, two parties decided to end alliance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2019
|Decided to leave after 2019 election performance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2020
| Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with BSP+ on 29 September 2020.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}; text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Decided to join [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Bodoland People's Front]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Assam]]
|style="text-align: center;" |2021
|Withdrew due to performance in [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assam election]].
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[All India United Democratic Front]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Assam]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2021
|Party was expelled from the alliance.
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2021
|The RJD-Congress alliance ended after seat sharing talks for by-elections failed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-rjd-alliance-in-bihar-collapses-1867961-2021-10-22 |work=India Today |title=Congress to contest all 40 Bihar Lok Sabha seats in 2024 as party snaps ties with RJD |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022091238/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-rjd-alliance-in-bihar-collapses-1867961-2021-10-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/bihar-congress-and-rjd-end-alliance-after-two-decades-ahead-of-bypolls |work=Free Press Journal |title=Bihar: Congress and RJD end alliance after two decades ahead of bypolls |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022142033/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/bihar-congress-and-rjd-end-alliance-after-two-decades-ahead-of-bypolls |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Rishabh Sharma |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-gandhi-dials-lalu-yadav-rjd-congress-alliance-bihar-bypolls-1870103-2021-10-27 |title=Sonia Gandhi dials Lalu Yadav to patch up strained RJD-Congress alliance in Bihar - India News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029115001/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-gandhi-dials-lalu-yadav-rjd-congress-alliance-bihar-bypolls-1870103-2021-10-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Poll Performances ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+2004 Lok Sabha Election
!Sr.no
!Party
!Seats Won
!Seat Change
!Vote%
|-
|1.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|145
|{{Increase}} 32
|26.7%
|-
|2.
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|21
|{{Increase}} 12
|2.2%
|-
|3.
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|16
|{{Increase}} 4
|1.8%
|-
|4.
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|9
|{{Increase}} 1
|1.8%
|-
|5.
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|4
|{{Steady}}
|0.6%
|-
|6.
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|2
|{{Steady}}
|0.6%
|-
|7.
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|6
|{{Increase}} 1
|0.5%
|-
|8.
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|5
|{{Steady}}
|0.5%
|-
|9.
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4
|{{Steady}}
|0.4%
|-
|10.
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|0.2%
|-
|11.
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|1
|{{Steady}}
|0.1%
|-
|12.
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
|1
|{{Steady}}
|0.1%
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!218
!{{Increase}} 83
!35.4%
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+2009 Lok Sabha Election
!Sr.no
!Party
!Seats Won
!Seat Change
|-
|1.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|206
|{{Increase}} 61
|-
|2.
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|4
|{{Decrease}} 17
|-
|3.
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18
|{{Increase}} 2
|-
|4.
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|9
|{{Decrease}} 1
|-
|5.
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|19
|{{Increase}} 18
|-
|6.
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|3
|{{Increase}} 3
|-
|7.
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|8.
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|
|{{Decrease}} 3
|-
|9.
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|10.
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|2
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|11.
|[[Kerala Congress (Mani)]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!262
!{{Increase}} 44
|}

==List of presidents and vice presidents==
Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

===Presidents===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:98%;margin-top:0.5em;"
|-
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" style="width:17%;"|Name (birth–death)
! colspan="2" |Term of office
Electoral mandates

Time in office
! scope="col" | Previous post
! scope="col" | Vice president
! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Presidents of India since India became republic {{!}} My India|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/list-of-presidents-of-india|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=25 October 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828205416/https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/list-of-presidents-of-india|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" | 12
| rowspan="4" |[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" |'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|(b.1934)}}
| 25 July 2007
| 25 July 2012
| rowspan="3" | [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Governor of Rajasthan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] (2007)
----
[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
(2007–12)
| rowspan="8" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="8" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2007|07|25|2012|07|25}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
! rowspan="4" | 13
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" |'''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935–2020)}}
| 25 July 2012
| 25 July 2017
| rowspan="3" |[[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] (2012–17)
|-
| colspan="2" |[[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2012|07|25|2017|07|25}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
|}

===Vice presidents===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;margin-top:0.5em;"
|-
! {{Tooltip|No.}}
!class="unsortable"| Portrait
! style="width:15%;"|Name {{small|(birth–death)}}<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/former-vice-Presidents|title=Former Vice Presidents|website=Vice President of India|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830100438/http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/former-vice-Presidents|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Elected (% votes)
! Took office
! Left office
! Term
! President(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="2"| Party
|-
! rowspan="2" | 12
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Official portrait of Shri Mohammed Hamid Ansari, The Vice President of India, 2014.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" | '''[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]''' (b.1937)
| [[2007 Indian vice presidential election|2007]] (67.21)
| 11 August 2007
| 10 August 2012
|rowspan="2" | {{age in years and days|2007|08|11|2017|08|11}}
|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | 
|-
| [[2012 Indian vice presidential election|2012]] (67.31)
| 11 August 2012
| 10 August 2017
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|}

== List of prime ministers ==
{{Further|List of prime ministers of India}}
{| class="sortable" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; style=;"width:70%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| No.
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Prime ministers
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Term in office
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Lok Sabha
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Government
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Constituency
|-
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Start
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| End
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Tenure
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in March 2014.jpg|100px]]
| 22 May 2004
| 22 May 2009
| rowspan ="2" |{{age in years and days|22 May 2004|26 May 2014}}
| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
|UPA I
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan Singh I]]
| rowspan ="2" |[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 22 May 2009
| 26 May 2014
| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
|UPA II
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan Singh II]]

|}

==List of chief ministers==
{{Main|List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress}}

{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="width:70%; border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; font-family:verdana; text-align:center;"
|+Incumbent chief ministers from the United Progressive Alliance
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|S.No
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|State
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Name
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Portrait
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Cabinet
|-
| 1.
|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
|[[File:Bhupesh Baghel, June 2018.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Bhupesh Baghel ministry|Baghel I]]
|-
| 2.
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
| [[Hemant Soren]]
| [[File:Hemant Soren.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#2e7539;"|
|[[Second Hemant Soren ministry|Soren II]]
|-
| 3.
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#e3882d;"|
|[[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Thackeray I]]
|-
|4.
|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| [[File:Ashok Gehlot 2012.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Gehlot III]]
|-
| 5.
|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| [[M. K. Stalin]]
| [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi consoles and shares few words with son M.K. Stalin of Kalaignar Karunanidhi, in Chennai on August 08, 2018 1 (cropped).JPG|80px|border]]
| style="background:#d10;"|
|[[M. K. Stalin ministry|Stalin I]]
|}

===List of deputy chief ministers===

{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="width:70%; border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; font-family:verdana; text-align:center;"
|+Deputy Chief Minister from the United Progressive Alliance
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|S.No
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|State
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Name
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Portrait
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Cabinet
|-
| 1.
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Ajit Pawar]]
| [[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Thackeray I]]
|}

== List of party candidates by election ==
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2009 Indian general election|2009 Indian general election]]
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election|2014 Indian general election]]
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election|2019 Indian general election]]

== Timeline ==

=== 2014 ===

* UPA had its worst performance to date in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and ended up losing the power
*The [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] left the alliance due to INC deciding to contest in all the seats by itself.
* The [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]] had left the alliance after it had merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]]
* UPA lost state election in [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Telangana]], [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]], [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]], J&K, [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]], [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|AP]], [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]], [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
* UPA managed to win 1 state election and that was in [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]]

=== 2015 ===

* UPA lost elections in [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]]
* UPA won elections in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]

=== 2016 ===

* UPA won state elections in [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]]
* UPA lost state elections in [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]], [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]], [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]], [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]]

=== 2017 ===

* [[Janata Dal (United)]] quit the Mahagathbandhan alliance formed by UPA for Bihar and joined NDA giving Bihar power from UPA to NDA
* UPA won in state election of [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab]]
* UPA lost in state election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]], [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]], [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Himachal Pradesh]], [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|Uttarakhand]] and [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]
* In addition UPA lost the [[2017 Indian presidential election|presidential election]] to NDA's Ram Nath Kovind
*[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]] (state party in TN) left NDA and joined UPA
*[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (State party in TN) joined UPA after leaving in 2014

=== 2018 ===

* In 2018 [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] joined UPA to help form Karnataka govt
* UPA lost election in state election of [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana]], [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|Meghalaya]], [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram]], [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|Nagaland]], [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|Tripura]]
* UPA won in the state elections of [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan]], [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Madhya Pradesh]], [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh]], [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka]]
*[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] ( state party in Bihar) joined UPA
*UPA created a sub-alliance called "Maha Kutami" with TDP, TJS, CPI for the Telangana election however the alliance lost and was ended after the election.
*[[Telangana Jana Samithi]] (party in Telangana) joined UPA

=== 2019 ===

* UPA lost in the [[2019 Indian general election]] to NDA
* UPA lost state elections in [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|AP]], [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]], [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]], [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
* UPA won in state election in [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]], [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
* In 2019 UPA lost power in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka after the by-polls gave majority to opposition and pushed UPA to minority.
* [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] left the alliance after the fall of Karnataka govt.
*[[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] joined UPA after UPA invited as it was against the implementation of CAA-NRC, and [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] joined UPA back at national level after a break-up in 2014.

=== 2020 ===

* UPA lost state election in [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]], [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]
*The [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] was expelled by INC from the alliance due to the factions forming in the party.

=== 2021 ===

* 3 MLA have resigned from UPA in Puducherry causing the government to go from majority to minority, and during the no trust confidence UPA fail to prove majority causing the govt to fall.
*[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]] (left NDA) and joined the alliance ahead of the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assam election.]]
* UPA lost state election in [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]], [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]], [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]] and [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]]
* UPA won state election in [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]]
* GFP or [[Goa Forward Party]] had joined UPA
*UPA cut all ties with ISF ([[Indian Secular Front]]) after defeat in West Bengal elections.
* [[Bodoland People's Front]] had left the alliance due to poor performance in the 2021 Assam elections.
*[[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] was expelled from UPA.
*[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] has left the alliance due to seat sharings for [[Next Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha Elections]].

=== 2022 ===
*[[Assam Jatiya Parishad|AJP]] or [[Assam Jatiya Parishad]] joined UPA

==Controversies==
The winter session of parliament in October 2008 came under intense criticism from the Left parties and the BJP to demand a full-fledged winter session instead of what was seen as the UPA to having "scuttled the voice of Parliament" by bringing down the sittings to a record low of 30 days in the year. The tensions between the UPA and the opposition parties became evident at an all-party meeting convened by Lok Sabha speaker [[Somnath Chatterjee]] when the leader of opposition, [[LK Advani]] questioned the status, timing and schedule of the current session of parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Left-joins-BJP-to-sing-chorus-against-UPA/374896/|title=Left joins BJP to sing chorus against UPA|author=Political Bureau|work=The Financial Express|access-date=17 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615133502/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Left-joins-BJP-to-sing-chorus-against-UPA/374896|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Karunanidhi had said he felt "let down" by the "lukewarm" response of the Centre and had demanded amendments in the resolution on Sri Lanka.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

One of the amendments was to "declare that [[genocide]] and [[war crime]]s had been committed and inflicted on the [[Eelam Tamils]] by the [[Sri Lankan Army]] and the administrators".

The second one was "establishment of a credible and independent international commission of investigation in a time-bound manner into the allegations of war crimes, [[crimes against humanity]], violations of international [[human rights law]], violations of [[international humanitarian law]] and crime of genocide against the Tamils". Karunanidhi said Parliament should adopt the resolution incorporating these two amendments.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/india/37843259_1_dmk-chief-karunanidhi-sri-lankan-tamils-humanitarian-law-and-crime |title=DMK pulls out of UPA govt over Sri Lanka Tamils issue – ''The Times of India'' |access-date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529171837/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/india/37843259_1_dmk-chief-karunanidhi-sri-lankan-tamils-humanitarian-law-and-crime |archive-date=29 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The UPA was criticised for its alleged involvement scams such as the [[CWG scam|Commonwealth Games Scam]] of 2010, the [[2G spectrum case]], and the [[Coalgate scam]]. Apart from the above-mentioned scams, the UPA has been under intense fire for the alleged [[doles]] handed out to the son-in-law of the Gandhi family, [[Robert Vadra]], by UPA-run state governments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/regulatory/cag-raps-haryana-govt-for-showing-undue-favours-to-robert-vadra/46696475|title=CAG raps Haryana govt. for showing undue favours to Robert vadra|work=The Economic Times|access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090341/http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/regulatory/cag-raps-haryana-govt-for-showing-undue-favours-to-robert-vadra/46696475|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Coalition government]]
* [[National Advisory Council]]
* [[National Democratic Alliance]]
* [[Third Front (India)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130418073521/http://pmindia.nic.in/cmp.pdf Common Minimum Programme of the UPA.]
*Arora, Balveer and Tawa Lama Rewal, Stéphanie. [http://samaj.revues.org/index2845.html ''"Introduction: Contextualizing and Interpreting the 15th Lok Sabha Elections"'']. ''South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal'', 3, 2009

{{Indian political parties}}
{{United Progressive Alliance |state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:United Progressive Alliance| ]]
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2004]]

Mallikarjun Kharge

2022-11-16T07:53:28Z

2409:4072:6C80:14C0:0:0:248:8611:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = MallikarjunKharge.jpg
| office = [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of Indian National Congress]] | predecessor = [[Sonia Gandhi]] | term_start = 17 October 2022 | office1 = [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]]
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1namedata1 = *[[Venkaiah Naidu]]
* [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| 2blankname1 = Prime Minister
| 2namedata1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]
| successor1 =
|term_start1 = {{Start date|2021|02|16|df=yes}}
|term_end1 = 1 October 2022
|office2 = [[Indian National Congress|Leader of Indian National Congress]], [[Lok Sabha]]
|term_start2 = 4 June 2014
|term_end2 = 16 June 2019
|predecessor2 = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|successor2 = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| office3 = [[Public Accounts Committee (India)|Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee]]
|term_start3 = 2016
|term_end3 = 2019
|appointed3 = [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
{{small|([[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Speaker]])}}
|predecessor3 = [[K V Thomas]]
|successor3 = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
|office4 = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]
|primeminister4 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start4 = 17 June 2013
|term_end4 = 26 May 2014
|predecessor4 = [[C. P. Joshi]]
|successor4 = [[D. V. Sadananda Gowda]]
|office5 = [[Minister of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour and Employment]]
|primeminister5 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
|term_start5 = 29 May 2009
|term_end5 = 16 June 2013
|predecessor5 = [[Oscar Fernandes]]
|successor5 = [[Sis Ram Ola]]
| office6 = [[Leader of the Opposition|Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 19 December 1996
| term_end6 = 7 July 1999
| predecessor6 = [[B. S. Yediyurappa]]
| successor6 = [[Jagadish Shettar]]
| term_start7 = 5 June 2008
| term_end7 = 28 May 2009
| predecessor7 = [[N. Dharam Singh]]
| successor7 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| office8 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency8 = [[Karnataka]]
| predecessor8 = [[Rajeev Gowda]]
| successor8 =
| term_start8 = 12 June 2020
| term_end8 =
|office9 = General Secretary of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] and Incharge for [[Maharashtra]]
|term_start9 = 22 June 2018
|term_end9 = 11 September 2020
|predecessor9 = Position Created
|successor9 = [[H. K. Patil]]
|office10 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|constituency10 = [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
|term_start10 = 31 May 2009
|term_end10 = 23 May 2019
|predecessor10 = [[Iqbal Ahmed Saradgi]]
|successor10 = [[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]
|office11 = President of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|term_start11 = 2005
|term_end11 = 2008
|predecessor11 = [[Janardhana Poojary]]
|successor11 = [[R. V. Deshpande]]
|office12 = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]], [[Karnataka]]
|predecessor12 = [[N. Yenkappa]]
|successor12 = [[Baburao Chinchansur]]
|term_start12 = 1972
|term_end12 = 2008
|constituency12 = [[Gurmitkal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Gurmitkal]]
|term_start13 = 2008
|term_end13 = 2009
|constituency13 = [[Chittapur (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Chittapur]]
|predecessor13 = [[Vishwanath Patil Hebbal]]
|successor13 = [[Valmiki Naik]]
| office14 = [[Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start14 = 1999
| term_end14 = 2004
| 2blankname14 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata14 = [[S. M. Krishna]]
| office15 = [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Minister of Rural Development]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start15 = 1978
| term_end15 = 1980
| term_start16 = 1990
| term_end16 = 1992
| office17 = [[Minister of Revenue]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start17 = 1980
| term_end17 = 1983
| 2blankname17 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata17 = [[Gundu Rao]]
| term_start18 = 1990
| term_end18 = 1992
| 2blankname18 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata18 = [[Bangarappa]]
| office19 = Minister for Co-Operation in [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start19 = 1992
| term_end19 = 1994
| 2blankname19 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata19 = [[Veerappa Moily]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1942|7|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = Warwatti, Bhalki taluka, [[Bidar district]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|otherparty =
|spouse = {{Marriage|Radhabai Kharge|13 May 1968}}
|children = 5
|alma_mater = Government College, Gulbarga [[Gulbarga University]]
}}
'''Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge''' (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician who is the 99th and current president of [[Indian National Congress]]. He also a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from [[Karnataka]] and [[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of the Opposition of Rajya Sabha]] from 16 February 2021 to 1 October 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-names-mallikarjun-kharge-for-leader-of-opposition-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/80874690.cms | title=Congress names Mallikarjun Kharge for leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 February 2021 | access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> He is the former [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]] and [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour and Employment]] in the [[Government of India]]. Kharge is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) political party<ref>{{cite news|title=Spectacular rise for Kharge|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/29/stories/2009052953700400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602195153/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/29/stories/2009052953700400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 June 2009|date=29 May 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date = 29 May 2009}}</ref> and was a [[Parliament of India|Member of Parliament]] for [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]], [[Karnataka]] during 2009–2019.

He is a senior Karnataka politician and was the [[Leader of opposition]] in the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]. He was the President of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] during the 2008 Karnataka State Assembly Elections.

He has won elections a record 10 consecutive times having won the Assembly elections an unprecedented 9 consecutive times (1972, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2009) and lost in the 2019 General Elections against Umesh Jadhav from Gulbarga. Mallikarjun Kharge was the leader of the congress party in Lok Sabha during 2014–2019.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Indian Express|title=Team Manmohan|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-newlook-team-manmohan/467056/3}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Mallikarjun Kharge was born in the Varawatti, Bhalki Taluk, [[Bidar district]], [[Karnataka]] to Mapanna Kharge and Sabavva.<ref name=about/> He finished his schooling from Nutan Vidyalaya in Gulbarga and went on to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Government College, [[Gulbarga]] and his law degree from the Seth Shankarlal Lahoti Law College in Gulbarga.<ref name=about/> He started his legal practice as a junior in Justice [[Shivaraj Patil]]'s office and fought cases for labour unions early in his legal career.<ref name=career>{{cite web|title=Early life of Kharge|url=http://www.kharge.com/demo/political-career/|publisher=Press Journal Kharge|access-date=5 June 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==
===Early career===
Kharge started his political career as a student union leader while in the Government College, Gulbarga when he was elected as the General Secretary of the students' body. In 1969, he became the legal advisor to the MSK Mills Employees' Union. He was also an influential labour union leader of Samyukta Majdoor Sangha and led many agitations fighting for the rights of labourers.<ref>{{cite news
|newspaper = Indian Express
|title = Friends, teachers laud Kharge
|url = http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article123735.ece
}}</ref> In 1969, he joined the Indian National Congress and became President of the Gulbarga City Congress Committee

===Rise in Karnataka's political scene===
He first contested the Karnataka State Assembly elections in 1972 and won from [[Gurmitkal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Gurmitkal]] constituency. In 1973, he was appointed the Chairman of the Octroi Abolition Committee which went into the question of revitalising the economy of the municipal and civic bodies in the state of Karnataka. Based on its report, the then [[Devaraj Urs]] government abolished the levy of octroi at multiple points.<ref name=octroi>{{cite news|title=Kharge on octroi during 1973 period|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/08/22/stories/0422210o.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000150/http://www.hindu.com/2001/08/22/stories/0422210o.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 June 2014|access-date=5 June 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In 1974, he was appointed the Chairman of state-owned Leather Development Corporation and worked to improve the living conditions of thousands of cobblers who were indulging in the leather tanning industry. Work sheds cum residences were built across the state for their benefit during this time. In 1976, he was appointed the Minister of State for Primary Education, during which time, over 16,000 backlog vacancies of SC/STs teachers were filled up by recruiting them directly into the service. Grants under grant-in-aid code were given to schools run by SC/ST managements for the first time.<ref name=work>{{cite web|title=Early political career|url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/pdf_files/25%20of%201974%20(E).pdf|website=Department of Parliamentary Affairs & Legislation|access-date=5 June 2014}}</ref>

In 1978, he was elected for the second time as MLA from [[Gurmitkal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Gurmitkal]] constituency and was appointed Minister of State for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj in the Devaraj Urs ministry. In 1980, he became the Minister for Revenue in the [[Gundu Rao]] Cabinet. During this time, the focus was on effective land reforms, resulting in giving occupancy rights to millions of land-less tillers and labourers. More than 400 land tribunals were constituted to expedite the transfer of land rights to the tillers.<ref name="early work">{{cite web|title=Kharge as Chairman of State-owned Leather Development Corporation|url=http://agkar.cag.gov.in/sites/agkar.cag.gov.in/files/WEBFM/auditreport/2013/English%20PSU%202013.pdf|website=cag.gov.in|publisher=Indian Audit and Accounts Department|access-date=5 June 2014}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1983, he was elected for the third time to the Karnataka Assembly from Gurmitkal. In 1985, he was elected for the fourth time to the Karnataka Assembly from Gurmitkal and was appointed the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Assembly.

In 1989, he was elected for the fifth time to the Karnataka Assembly from Gurmitkal. In 1990, he joined [[Bangarappa]]’s Cabinet as the Minister for Revenue, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, portfolios he had held earlier and brought about significant change. Restarting the Land Reforms process that had stopped in the interim, resulted in hundreds of thousands of acres of land being registered in the name of the landless tillers.<ref name=perfromance>{{cite web|title=Kharge performance in Karnataka|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_1989/Statistical_Report_karnataka_1989.pdf|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=5 June 2014}}</ref>

Between 1992 and 1994, he was the Minister for Co-operation, Medium and Large Industries in the [[Veerappa Moily]] Cabinet. In 1994, he was elected for the sixth time to the Karnataka Assembly from [[Gurmitkal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Gurmitkal]] and became the Leader of the Opposition in the Assembly. In 1999, he was elected for the seventh time to the Karnataka Assembly and was a front-runner to the post of Chief Minister of Karnataka. He became Minister for Home in the [[S. M. Krishna]] Cabinet during a particularly trying time for Karnataka especially the [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] kidnap by the notorious poacher [[Veerappan]] and the Cauvery Riots. In 2004, he was elected for the eighth consecutive time to the Karnataka Assembly and was once again considered a front-runner to the post of the Chief Minister of Karnataka. He became the Minister for Transport and Water Resources in the [[Dharam Singh]]-led coalition government.

In 2005, he was appointed the President of the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee. In the Panchayat elections held soon after, Congress won the largest number of seats compared to BJP and JD(S) indicating a revival of the Congress fortunes in the rural areas of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper = Indian Express|title = Congress scores big win in local polls|url = http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/84817/}}</ref> In 2008, he was elected for the record ninth consecutive time to the Assembly from [[Chittapur (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Chitapur]]. Though the Congress party put up a better show when compared to the 2004 elections, the Congress lost the elections with a majority of the senior leaders losing. He was appointed the Leader of the Opposition for the second time in 2008. In 2009, Kharge contested the general elections from Gulbarga Parliamentary Constituency and won his tenth consecutive election.<ref name=win>{{cite news|last1=Phukan|first1=Sandip|title=Mallikarjun Kharge consecutive win|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mallikarjun-kharge-not-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-congress-in-lok-sabha-534829|access-date=5 June 2014|work=NDTV|date=3 June 2014}}</ref>

In the 2014 general elections, Kharge contested and won from the Gulbarga parliamentary seat, beating his closest rival from the BJP by over 73,000 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulbarga(Karnataka) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Gulbarga Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=http://www.elections.in/karnataka/parliamentary-constituencies/gulbarga.html |website=www.elections.in |access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref> In June, he was appointed the Leader of the Congress party in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sonia picks Mallikarjun Kharge over 'unwilling' Rahul as Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/sonia-picks-mallikarjun-kharge-over-unwilling-rahul-as-leader-of-opposition-in-lok-sabha/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

Kharge contested the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general elections]] against [[Umesh. G. Jadhav]], a BJP candidate, in [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency]] of [[Karnataka]]. Jadhav defeated Mallikarjun Kharge by a margin of 95,452 votes. Jadhav polled 6,20,192 votes while Kharge got only 5,24,740 votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/shocking-congress-leader-mallikarjun-kharge-defeated-by-bjp-s-umesh-jadhav-in-gulbarga/423853|title=Shocking! Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge defeated by BJP's Umesh Jadhav in Gulbarga election results 2019|work=Times Now|date=23 May 2019|access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref>

On 12 June 2020 Kharge was elected (unopposed) to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from Karnataka, at the age of 78 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Bharath |title=H D Deve Gowda, Mallikarjun Kharge elected unanimously to Rajya Sabha from Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/h-d-deve-gowda-mallikarjun-kharge-elected-unanimously-to-rajya-sabha-from-karnataka-848832.html |access-date=12 February 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=12 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

On 12 February 2021, Kharge was appointed [[Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha|Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mallikarjun-kharge-likely-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-rajya-sabha-congress-sources/article33818232.ece |title=Kharge to be Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha|work=The Hindu|date=12 February 2021|access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

==Philanthropic and social activities==
He is the Founder-Chairman of Siddharth Vihar Trust that has built the Buddha Vihar in Gulbarga, India.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Buddha vihar Gulbarga|title = About Buddha Vihar, Gulbarga|url=http://www.buddhavihar.org/about.html}}</ref>

He is the Patron of [[Chowdiah Memorial Hall]] which is one of the premier concert and theatre venues in Bangalore and helped the centre get over its debts and aided the centre's plans for renovation.<ref>{{cite news|title=A grand bow to the arts|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/01/stories/2005070103420300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127183920/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/01/stories/2005070103420300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2011|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 July 2005}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kharge married Radhabai on 13 May 1968 and has two daughters and three sons.<ref name=about>{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4315&lastls=16|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=personal>{{cite news|title=Personal life of Mallikarjun Kharge |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-appoints-mallikarjun-kharge-as-its-leader-in-lok-sabha-114060201323_1.html |access-date=5 June 2014 |work=Business Standard |date=3 June 2014 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603063301/http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/congress-appoints-mallikarjun-kharge-as-its-leader-in-lok-sabha-114060201323_1.html |archive-date=3 June 2014 }}</ref> In 2006, Kharge said he follows [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds embrace Buddhism in Gulbarga {{!}} Bengaluru News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Hundreds-embrace-Buddhism-in-Gulbarga/articleshow/2171942.cms?referral=PM&from=mdr |access-date=9 December 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=15 October 2006 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Iqbal Ahmed Saradgi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]] |years=2009–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Umesh. G. Jadhav]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Oscar Fernandes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour and Employment]]|years=2009–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sis Ram Ola]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[C. P. Joshi|CP Joshi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]]|years=2013–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[D. V. Sadananda Gowda|DV Sadananda Gowda]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Janardhana Poojary]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] |years=2005–2008}}
{{s-aft|after=[[R. V. Deshpande]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]|years=2014–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha]]|years=2021 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Manmohan Singh}}
{{Railway Ministers of India}}
{{15th LS members from Karnataka}}
{{16th LS members from Karnataka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharge, Mallikarjun}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Ambedkarites]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:People from Bidar district]]
[[Category:People from Kalaburagi]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Mysore MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Members of the Mysore Legislature]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1978–1983]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1989–1994]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]

United Progressive Alliance

2022-11-16T07:46:07Z

2409:4072:6C80:14C0:0:0:248:8611:

{{Short description|Coalition of the Indian National Congress and its allies}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = United Progressive Alliance
|native_name= {{IAST3|Sānyūkt Prāgatisheél Gaṭhabaṃdhana}}
| abbreviation = UPA
| founder = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| colorcode = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| chairman = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| incumbent =
| formerpm = [[Manmohan Singh]] (2004–2014)
| loksabha_leader = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| rajyasabha_leader =
| eci = Recognised
| national_convener =
| no_of_members = [[United Progressive Alliance (India)#Current membership|15 Parties]]
| foundation = 2004
| position = [[Big tent]]
| ideology = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|110|543|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|50|245|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1037|4036|hex=#00BFFF}}
| no_states = {{Composition bar|5|31|hex=#00BFFF}}
|alliance=[[List of United Progressive Alliance members|20 parties]]
|party_logo=United Progressive Alliance logo.svg}}
'''United Progressive Alliance''' ('''UPA''') is a [[Center (politics)|centre]] political alliance of predominantly left-leaning [[political parties in India]]. It was formed after the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://electionaffairs.com/parties/UPA.html |title=United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results|work=electionaffairs.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205005205/http://electionaffairs.com/parties/UPA.html|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> The largest party in UPA is [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). It formed a government with support from other left-aligned parties in [[2004 Indian general election|2004]] after no single party could get the majority.

==History==
=== 2004–2008: Formation and rise ===
UPA was formed soon after the 2004 general elections when no party had won a majority. The then ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won 181 seats<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm Small parties, independents in great demand] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5h7IN06jn?url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/12/stories/2008071260391200.htm |date=28 May 2009 }}</ref> of 544, as opposed to the UPA's tally of 218 seats.

The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] with 59 MPs (excluding the [[speaker of the Lok Sabha]]), the [[Samajwadi Party]] with 39 MPs and the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] with 19 MPs were other significant blocks that supported UPA at various times.<ref>Originally the SP had [http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx 39 MPs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831102348/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=31 August 2009 }}. [http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/25upavote1.htm 6 MPs defied party whip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726003632/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=26 July 2008 }} and have been expelled from the party.</ref><ref>[http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx Lok Sabha members] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831102348/http://164.100.47.134/newls/membershomepage.aspx |date=31 August 2009}}</ref> UPA did not achieve a majority, rather it relied on external support, similar to the formula adopted by the previous minority governments of the [[United Front (India)|United Front]], the NDA, the Congress government of [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], and earlier governments of [[V. P. Singh]] and [[Chandra Shekhar]].

An informal alliance had existed prior to the elections as several of the constituent parties had developed seat-sharing agreements in many states. After the election the results of negotiations between parties were announced. The UPA government's policies were initially guided by a [[common minimum programme]] that the alliance hammered out with consultations with [[Jyoti Basu]] and [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]] of the 59-member Left Front.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Congress_pins_hopes_on_Jyoti_Basu/articleshow/3228282.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Congress pins hopes on Jyoti Basu }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Hence, government policies were generally perceived as centre-left, reflecting the [[Centrism|centrist]] policies of the INC.

During the tenure of [[Jharkhand]] Chief Minister [[Madhu Koda]], the constituents of the UPA were, by mutual consent, supporting his government.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar5.htm Madhu Koda to be next Jharkhand CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103105644/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/sep/14jhar5.htm |date=3 January 2008 }}. Retrieved 26 March 2007.</ref>

On 22 July 2008, the UPA survived a [[2008 Lok Sabha vote of confidence|vote of confidence]] in the parliament brought on by the Left Front withdrawing their support in protest at the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7519860.stm|title=Indian government survives vote|publisher=BBC News|date=22 July 2008|access-date=5 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007055456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7519860.stm|archive-date=7 October 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress party and its leaders along with then SP leader Amar Singh were accused of a "cash for vote" scam as part of the [[cash-for-votes scandal]], in which they were accused of buying votes in Lok Sabha to save the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cash-for-votes-scam-amar-singh-secrets/1/147148.html|title=Cash-for-votes scam: The deadly secrets of sting Singh : Cover Story - India Today|work=intoday.in|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714180203/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cash-for-votes-scam-amar-singh-secrets/1/147148.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2011/2008-cash-for-vote-scam-rocks-in-2011.html|title=Cash For Vote Scam - Amar Singh - Supreme Court - Sudheendra Kulkarni - Swamajwadi Party - BJP|work=oneindia.com|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707031328/http://news.oneindia.in/feature/2011/2008-cash-for-vote-scam-rocks-in-2011.html|archive-date=7 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cashforvote-scam-2008-court-orders-further-probe/1017051/|title=Cash-for-vote scam 2008: Court orders further probe|work=indianexpress.com|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090341/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cashforvote-scam-2008-court-orders-further-probe/1017051/|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> During UPA I the economy saw steady economic growth and many people escaped poverty.

=== 2009–2014: Struggles ===
In the Indian General Election in 2009, the UPA won 262 seats, of which the INC accounted for 206. During UPA II, the alliance was broiled in scams. This ranged from 2G spectrum to Coalgate scam. These scams impacted UPA's image nationwide and the approval rating for the govt fell. In addition many members left for [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]. This started a domino effect with members leaving to form their own parties and parties such as DMK leaving the alliance altogether. During this time UPA struggled with state election and leadership stability. The alliance suffered a defeat in 2019 Lok Sabha elections as it won only 60 seats. In addition UPA won only one state election and got wiped out from [[Andhra Pradesh]] 0 where they previously had 150+ MLA.

=== 2015–2019: Slump, rise back ===
From 2014 to 2017, UPA won only 3 state elections. This was blamed on the alliance's failed leadership and weakness compared to the NDA. In addition the part lost power in states where they had once won state elections as in Bihar. In 2017 the alliance lost again. In 2018 UPA had a phenomenal comeback in the state elections as the party won important in [[Karnataka]], [[Rajasthan]] and others. More parties joined the alliance and it was stronger than ever.

In 2019 Indian general election when UPA won only 91 seats in the general election and failed to secure the opposition post. The alliance lost another state to BJP with the party winning by-polls and pushing the UPA into the minority.

Towards the end of 2019, the alliance made huge gains in [[Haryana]], won in [[Jharkhand]] and formed a sub alliance called [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] to form the [[Government of Maharashtra|government in Maharashtra]] with [[Uddhav Thackeray]] of [[Shiv Sena]] leading the [[Thackeray ministry|ministry]]. Shiv Sena had been a member of NDA for twenty five years. It left NDA and joined UPA in 2019.<ref name="Wasted 25 Years">{{cite news |title="Wasted 25 Years In Alliance With BJP...," Says Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-says-wasted-25-years-in-alliance-with-bjp-2725461 |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=23 January 2022}}</ref>

=== 2020–present: Continuation ===
Since 2020, more parties joined the alliance. The alliance lost the [[Bihar]] election that everyone expected it to win. In addition UPA only won 1 out of the 5 state elections in 2021. However the alliance made significant gain in a number of MLA races.

==Membership==
{{Main|List of United Progressive Alliance members}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
! style="width:100px;"|MPs in Lok Sabha
! style="width:100px;"|MPs in Rajya Sabha
!MLA in state legislature
! style="width:170px;"|Base state
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |1
| {{Flagicon image|INC Flag Official.jpg}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 52
| style="text-align: center;" | 29
| style="text-align: center;" |688
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |2
| {{Flagicon image|Flag DMK.svg}} [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 24
| style="text-align: center;" | 10
| style="text-align: center;" |139
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |3
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of Nationalist Congress Party.svg}} [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
| style="text-align: center;" |59
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |4
| {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Indian Union Muslim League.svg}} [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 15
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#fa0019; text-align:center; color:white;"|5
| {{Flagicon image|JKNC-flag.svg}} [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |6
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" |30
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Jharkhand]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |7
| {{Flagicon image|MDMK.svg}} [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |8
|{{Flagicon image|RSP-flag.svg}} [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#d10; text-align:center; color:white;"|9
| {{Flagicon image|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi banner.png}} [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |4
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| style="background:#353982; text-align:center; color:white;"|10
|[[Goa Forward Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Goa]]
|-
| style="background:purple; text-align:center; color:white;"|11
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#00f; text-align:center; color:white;"|12
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#c60; text-align:center; color:white;"|13
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#ccf; text-align:center; color:white;"|14
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:teal; text-align:center; color:white;"|15
|[[Nationalist Congress Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#c60; text-align:center; color:white;"|16
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|-
| style="background:#7f00ff; text-align:center; color:white;"|17
|[[Swabhimani Paksha]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background:#ff4946; text-align:center; color:white;"|18
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independents}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |19
|Independents
| style="text-align: center;" |0
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |26
| style="text-align: center;" |None
|- style="text-align: center;"
| style="background-color:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}}; " |
| style="text-align: center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 90
| style="text-align: center;" | 50
| style="text-align: center;" | 974
|[[India]]
|}

== Governments ==
[[File:State- and union territory-level parties.svg|alt=|thumb|250x250px]]
{{legend|#00bfff|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)}}
{{legend|#00ebff|Coalition with INC (3)}}
{{legend|#FF0000|Other Parties ([[Aam Admi Party|AAP]] (2), [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]], [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]], [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]) (7)}}
{{legend|#000000|President's Rule (2) }}
{{legend|#808080|Without Legislature (5) }}

As of May 2021, the UPA has chief ministers in five states.

=== List of state governments ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|S.No
! rowspan="2"|State/UT
! rowspan="2" |Government
! colspan="5"|Chief minister
! colspan="9"|Party/alliance partner
! rowspan="2"|Seats in assembly
! rowspan="2"|Last election
|-
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Seats
!Since
! colspan="2" |1
! colspan="2" |2
! colspan="2" |3
! colspan="2" |Others
!IND
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|17 December 2018
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align: center;" |71
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Chhattisgarh|17 December 2018]]
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center;" |'''None'''
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|71/90]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|11 December 2018]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
|17 December 2018
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Ashok Gehlot]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| style="text-align: center;" |108
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Rajasthan|17 December 2018]]
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |'''None'''
| style="text-align: center;" |13
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|121/200]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|11 December 2018]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|28 November 2019
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Shiv Sena|SS]]
| style="text-align: center;" |57
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Maharashtra|28 November 2019]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (53)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (43)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi|BVA]] (3)
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (2), [[Omprakash Babarao Kadu|PJP]] (2), [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]] (1)
| style="text-align: center;" |8
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|170/288]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|21 October 2019]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |4
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|28 December 2019
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Hemant Soren]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" |
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
| style="text-align: center;" |30
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|28 December 2019]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] (1)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (1)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(M-L)]] (1)
| style="text-align: center;" |None
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|51/81]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|23 December 2019]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |5
|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
|7 May 2021
| style="text-align: center;" |[[M. K. Stalin|M.K Stalin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="text-align: center;" |133
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|7 May 2021]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)
| style="background:#1d7fe0;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (4)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] (2)
| style="text-align: center;" |None
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|159/234]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|}

After the bifurcation of [[United Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014)|Andhra Pradesh]] in [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|2014]], UPA could not regain its power in those two states anymore.

== Strength in legislative assemblies ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!State/UT
!MLA seats
!INC
! Colspan=2 | UPA
!Overall seats
! Chief minister party
! {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| 175
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|175|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[YSRCP]]
| <ref name=":0">[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 60
| 4
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|4|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
|126
|27
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]](1)
|{{Composition bar|28|126|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
|<ref>[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
| 243
| 19
| colspan="2"|'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|19|243|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
| 90
| 71
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|71|90|hex=#00BFFF}}
| '''INC''' (UPA)
| <ref>[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa]]
| 40
| 11
| style="background:#353982;"|
|[[Goa Forward Party|GFP]](1)
|{{Composition bar|12|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Goa Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]
| 182
| 64
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|{{Composition bar|65|182|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Haryana]]
| 90
| 31
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|31|90|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 68
| 22
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|22|68|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|Rowspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|Rowspan=4| 81
|Rowspan=4| 17
| style="background:#8a0000;"|
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]](30)
|Rowspan=4| {{Composition bar|50|81|hex=#00BFFF}}
|Rowspan=4| '''[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]'''(UPA)
|Rowspan=4| <ref>[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:green;"|
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]](1)
|-
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]](1)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI(M-L)]](1)
|-
| [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]]
| 224
| 69
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|{{Composition bar|70|224|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| rowspan="5" | 140
| rowspan="5" | 20
| style="background:green;"|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]](15)
| rowspan="5" | {{Composition bar|40|140|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="5" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (LDF)
| rowspan="5" | <ref>[[Kerala Legislature]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#c90;"|
|[[Kerala Congress|KC]] (2)
|-
| style="background:#cc6601;"|
|[[Kerala Congress (Jacob)|KC(J)]](1)
|-
| style="background:#ff1d15;"|
|[[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]](1)
|-
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](1)
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 230
| 96
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|96|230|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| rowspan="7" |288
| rowspan="7" |44
| style="background:#f26f21;"|
|[[Shiv Sena|SS]](57)
| rowspan="7" |{{Composition bar|170|288|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="7" |'''[[Shiv Sena]]''' (UPA)
| rowspan="7" |<ref>[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]](53)
|-
| style="background:purple;"|
|[[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi|BVA]](3)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]] (2)
|-
| style="background:#00f;"|
|[[Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP]](2)
|-
| style="background:#ff4946;"|
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]](1)
|-
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]](8)
|-
| [[Manipur Legislative Assembly|Manipur]]
| 60
| 5
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|6|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Meghalaya]]
| 60
| 5
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[National People's Party (India)|NPP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Mizoram]]
| 40
| 5
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|5|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Mizo National Front|MNF]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]]
| 60
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|NDPP]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
| 147
| 9
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|10|147|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| <ref>[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
| 117
| 18
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (1)
|{{Composition bar|19|117|hex=#00BFFF}}
| AAP
|<ref>[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| 200
| 108
| style="background:#757575;"|
| [[Independent (politician)|IND]] (13)
|{{Composition bar|121|200|hex=#00BFFF}}
| '''INC''' (UPA)
|<ref>[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly|Sikkim]]
| 32
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|32|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]] (NDA)
|<ref>[[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| rowspan="4" | 234
| rowspan="4" | 18
| style="background:#bc0111;"|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]](133)
| rowspan="4" |{{Composition bar|159|234|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="4" |'''[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]'''(UPA)
| rowspan="4" |<ref>[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| style="background:#1e90ff;"|
| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]](4)
|-
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]](2)
|-
| style="background:#ff1d15;"|
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]](2)
|-
| [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| 119
| 6
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|6|119|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| <ref>[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
| 60
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 403
| 2
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|2|403|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttarakhand]]
| 70
| 19
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|19|70|hex=#00BFFF}}
| BJP (NDA)
| <ref>[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| 294
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|294|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|<ref>[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
|[[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi]]
| 70
| 0
| Colspan=2 | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|70|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
|<ref>[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 90
| colspan="5" |'''NA'''
| <ref>[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
| 33
| 2
| style="background:#bc0111;"|
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]](6)
|{{Composition bar|8|33|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[All India N.R. Congress|AINRC]] (NDA)
| <ref>[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]</ref>
|-
! '''Total'''
! '''4126'''
! 692
! Colspan=2 |345
!{{Composition bar|1037|4036|hex=#00BFFF}}
! UPA (5)
! 31
|}

== Strength in legislative Council ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!State/UT
!MLA seats
!INC
! colspan="2" |UPA
!Overall seats
!Chief minister party
!Vacant (If Any)
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
| 58
| 0
| colspan="2" | '''None'''
|{{Composition bar|0|58|hex=#00BFFF}}
| [[YSR Congress Party]]
|1
| <ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]]
| rowspan="2" |75
| rowspan="2" |3
|
|
| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|4|75|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal (United)]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
|-
|[[Karnataka Legislative Council|Karnataka]]
|75
|26
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|26|75|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|'''None'''
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Maharashtra]]
| rowspan="4" |78
| rowspan="4" |9
|
|[[Shiv Sena|SS]] (15)
| rowspan="4" |{{Composition bar|39|78|hex=#00BFFF}}
| rowspan="4" |[[Shiv Sena]]
| rowspan="4" |13
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (11)
|-
|
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]] (2)
|-
|
|[[Independent politician|IND]] (2)
|-
|[[Telangana Legislative Council|Telangana]]
|40
|1
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|1|40|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|6
|
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Uttar Pradesh]]
|100
|1
| colspan="2" |'''None'''
|{{Composition bar|1|100|hex=#00BFFF}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|1
|
|-
!'''Total'''
!MLA seats
!40
! colspan="2" | 37
!77/426
! UPA (1)
!45
! {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|}

== Sub-Alliance ==
UPA runs a few Sub-Alliance in an effort to connect to more parties. The goal of the sub-alliance is to get parties which do not want to be in the UPA national level but only in state level :-

* [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] (Tamil Nadu)
* [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] (Maharashtra)
* [[Secular Progressive Front|Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance]] (Manipur)
* [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front]] (Kerala)
* [[Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)|Mahagthbandhan]] (Jharkhand)
* [[Sanjukta Morcha]] (West Bengal)
===Disbanded alliances===
* [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagthbandhan]] (Bihar)

==Past members==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
! style="width:80px;"|State
! style="width:60px;"|Date
! style="width:600px;"|Reason for withdrawal
|-
|
|[[Tamil Maanila Congress|Tamil maanila Congress]]
|[[Tamil Nadu|Tamil nadu]]
|2002
|Merged with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 2002 and Again the party was established in 2014.
|-
|
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhgam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|2004
|Alliance with [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Telangana]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2006
| Differences over proposed statehood for [[Telangana]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2008
| Congress opposed the UP government where the BSP was the ruling party
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}; text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2009
| Congress decided to support [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] Government in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2009
| PMK declared that it would join the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] led front
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}; text-align:center;"|
|style="text-align: center;" | [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Telangana]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2012
| Accused Congress led State Government of Communalism
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[List of recognised political parties in India#National|National Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2012
| TMC's demands on rollbacks and reforms not met, including the governments decision to allow [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] in retail
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Socialist Janata (Democratic)}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2014
| It merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]] on 29 December 2014.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2014
|Decided to leave after 2014 election performance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Karnataka]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2019
| After JD(S)-INC alliance govt fell in Karnataka, two parties decided to end alliance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2019
|Decided to leave after 2019 election performance.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Lok Samta Party}}; text-align: center;" |
|style="text-align: center;" | [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2020
| Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with BSP+ on 29 September 2020.
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Vikassheel Insaan Party}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}; text-align: center;"|
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala]]
|style="text-align: center;" |2020
|Decided to join [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
|style="text-align: center;" |[[Bodoland People's Front]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Assam]]
|style="text-align: center;" |2021
|Withdrew due to performance in [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assam election]].
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India United Democratic Front}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[All India United Democratic Front]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Assam]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2021
|Party was expelled from the alliance.
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}; text-align: center;color:white;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" |2021
|The RJD-Congress alliance ended after seat sharing talks for by-elections failed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-rjd-alliance-in-bihar-collapses-1867961-2021-10-22 |work=India Today |title=Congress to contest all 40 Bihar Lok Sabha seats in 2024 as party snaps ties with RJD |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022091238/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/congress-rjd-alliance-in-bihar-collapses-1867961-2021-10-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/bihar-congress-and-rjd-end-alliance-after-two-decades-ahead-of-bypolls |work=Free Press Journal |title=Bihar: Congress and RJD end alliance after two decades ahead of bypolls |date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022142033/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/bihar-congress-and-rjd-end-alliance-after-two-decades-ahead-of-bypolls |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Rishabh Sharma |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-gandhi-dials-lalu-yadav-rjd-congress-alliance-bihar-bypolls-1870103-2021-10-27 |title=Sonia Gandhi dials Lalu Yadav to patch up strained RJD-Congress alliance in Bihar - India News |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029115001/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonia-gandhi-dials-lalu-yadav-rjd-congress-alliance-bihar-bypolls-1870103-2021-10-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Poll Performances ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+2004 Lok Sabha Election
!Sr.no
!Party
!Seats Won
!Seat Change
!Vote%
|-
|1.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|145
|{{Increase}} 32
|26.7%
|-
|2.
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|21
|{{Increase}} 12
|2.2%
|-
|3.
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|16
|{{Increase}} 4
|1.8%
|-
|4.
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|9
|{{Increase}} 1
|1.8%
|-
|5.
|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|4
|{{Steady}}
|0.6%
|-
|6.
|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
|2
|{{Steady}}
|0.6%
|-
|7.
|[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]
|6
|{{Increase}} 1
|0.5%
|-
|8.
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|5
|{{Steady}}
|0.5%
|-
|9.
|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|4
|{{Steady}}
|0.4%
|-
|10.
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|0.2%
|-
|11.
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|1
|{{Steady}}
|0.1%
|-
|12.
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
|1
|{{Steady}}
|0.1%
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!218
!{{Increase}} 83
!35.4%
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+2009 Lok Sabha Election
!Sr.no
!Party
!Seats Won
!Seat Change
|-
|1.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|206
|{{Increase}} 61
|-
|2.
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|4
|{{Decrease}} 17
|-
|3.
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|18
|{{Increase}} 2
|-
|4.
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|9
|{{Decrease}} 1
|-
|5.
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|19
|{{Increase}} 18
|-
|6.
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|3
|{{Increase}} 3
|-
|7.
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|8.
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|
|{{Decrease}} 3
|-
|9.
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|10.
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|2
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
|11.
|[[Kerala Congress (Mani)]]
|1
|{{Increase}} 1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!262
!{{Increase}} 44
|}

==List of presidents and vice presidents==
Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

===Presidents===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:98%;margin-top:0.5em;"
|-
! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Portrait
! scope="col" style="width:17%;"|Name (birth–death)
! colspan="2" |Term of office
Electoral mandates

Time in office
! scope="col" | Previous post
! scope="col" | Vice president
! colspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Presidents of India since India became republic {{!}} My India|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/list-of-presidents-of-india|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=25 October 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828205416/https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/government/list-of-presidents-of-india|archive-date=28 August 2017}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" | 12
| rowspan="4" |[[File:The President of India, Smt. Pratibha Patil.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" |'''[[Pratibha Patil]]''' {{small|(b.1934)}}
| 25 July 2007
| 25 July 2012
| rowspan="3" | [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Governor of Rajasthan]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] (2007)
----
[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
(2007–12)
| rowspan="8" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="8" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | 
|-
| colspan="2" |[[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2007|07|25|2012|07|25}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
|-
! rowspan="4" | 13
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Pranab Mukherjee Portrait.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" |'''[[Pranab Mukherjee]]''' {{small|(1935–2020)}}
| 25 July 2012
| 25 July 2017
| rowspan="3" |[[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] (2012–17)
|-
| colspan="2" |[[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]]
|-
| colspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2012|07|25|2017|07|25}}
|-
| colspan="4" |
|}

===Vice presidents===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;margin-top:0.5em;"
|-
! {{Tooltip|No.}}
!class="unsortable"| Portrait
! style="width:15%;"|Name {{small|(birth–death)}}<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/former-vice-Presidents|title=Former Vice Presidents|website=Vice President of India|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830100438/http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/former-vice-Presidents|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Elected (% votes)
! Took office
! Left office
! Term
! President(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="2"| Party
|-
! rowspan="2" | 12
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Official portrait of Shri Mohammed Hamid Ansari, The Vice President of India, 2014.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" | '''[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]''' (b.1937)
| [[2007 Indian vice presidential election|2007]] (67.21)
| 11 August 2007
| 10 August 2012
|rowspan="2" | {{age in years and days|2007|08|11|2017|08|11}}
|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | 
|-
| [[2012 Indian vice presidential election|2012]] (67.31)
| 11 August 2012
| 10 August 2017
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|}

== List of prime ministers ==
{{Further|List of prime ministers of India}}
{| class="sortable" style="border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; style=;"width:70%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| No.
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Prime ministers
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Portrait
! colspan="3" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Term in office
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Lok Sabha
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Government
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Cabinet
! rowspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Constituency
|-
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Start
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| End
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"| Tenure
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" |14
| rowspan="2" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in March 2014.jpg|100px]]
| 22 May 2004
| 22 May 2009
| rowspan ="2" |{{age in years and days|22 May 2004|26 May 2014}}
| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
|UPA I
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan Singh I]]
| rowspan ="2" |[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] From [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 22 May 2009
| 26 May 2014
| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
|UPA II
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan Singh II]]

|}

==List of chief ministers==
{{Main|List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress}}

{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="width:70%; border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; font-family:verdana; text-align:center;"
|+Incumbent chief ministers from the United Progressive Alliance
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|S.No
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|State
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Name
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Portrait
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Cabinet
|-
| 1.
|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Bhupesh Baghel]]
|[[File:Bhupesh Baghel, June 2018.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Bhupesh Baghel ministry|Baghel I]]
|-
| 2.
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
| [[Hemant Soren]]
| [[File:Hemant Soren.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#2e7539;"|
|[[Second Hemant Soren ministry|Soren II]]
|-
| 3.
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#e3882d;"|
|[[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Thackeray I]]
|-
|4.
|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
| [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| [[File:Ashok Gehlot 2012.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00bfff;"|
|[[Third Ashok Gehlot ministry|Gehlot III]]
|-
| 5.
|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| [[M. K. Stalin]]
| [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi consoles and shares few words with son M.K. Stalin of Kalaignar Karunanidhi, in Chennai on August 08, 2018 1 (cropped).JPG|80px|border]]
| style="background:#d10;"|
|[[M. K. Stalin ministry|Stalin I]]
|}

===List of deputy chief ministers===

{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="width:70%; border-collapse:collapse; border:2px #000 solid; font-size:x-big; font-family:verdana; text-align:center;"
|+Deputy Chief Minister from the United Progressive Alliance
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|S.No
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|State
! style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Name
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Portrait
! colspan="2" style="background:#00bfff; color:white;"|Cabinet
|-
| 1.
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
| [[Ajit Pawar]]
| [[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|80px|border]]
| style="background:#00b2b2;"|
|[[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Thackeray I]]
|}

== List of party candidates by election ==
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2009 Indian general election|2009 Indian general election]]
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election|2014 Indian general election]]
*[[List of United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election|2019 Indian general election]]

== Timeline ==

=== 2014 ===

* UPA had its worst performance to date in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and ended up losing the power
*The [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] left the alliance due to INC deciding to contest in all the seats by itself.
* The [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]] had left the alliance after it had merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]]
* UPA lost state election in [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Telangana]], [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]], [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]], J&K, [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]], [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|AP]], [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]], [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
* UPA managed to win 1 state election and that was in [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]]

=== 2015 ===

* UPA lost elections in [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]]
* UPA won elections in [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]

=== 2016 ===

* UPA won state elections in [[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]]
* UPA lost state elections in [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]], [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]], [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]], [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]]

=== 2017 ===

* [[Janata Dal (United)]] quit the Mahagathbandhan alliance formed by UPA for Bihar and joined NDA giving Bihar power from UPA to NDA
* UPA won in state election of [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab]]
* UPA lost in state election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]], [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Manipur]], [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Himachal Pradesh]], [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|Uttarakhand]] and [[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]]
* In addition UPA lost the [[2017 Indian presidential election|presidential election]] to NDA's Ram Nath Kovind
*[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]] (state party in TN) left NDA and joined UPA
*[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (State party in TN) joined UPA after leaving in 2014

=== 2018 ===

* In 2018 [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] joined UPA to help form Karnataka govt
* UPA lost election in state election of [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana]], [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|Meghalaya]], [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram]], [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|Nagaland]], [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|Tripura]]
* UPA won in the state elections of [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan]], [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Madhya Pradesh]], [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh]], [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka]]
*[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] ( state party in Bihar) joined UPA
*UPA created a sub-alliance called "Maha Kutami" with TDP, TJS, CPI for the Telangana election however the alliance lost and was ended after the election.
*[[Telangana Jana Samithi]] (party in Telangana) joined UPA

=== 2019 ===

* UPA lost in the [[2019 Indian general election]] to NDA
* UPA lost state elections in [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|AP]], [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]], [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]], [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|Haryana]]
* UPA won in state election in [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|Jharkhand]], [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|Maharashtra]]
* In 2019 UPA lost power in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka after the by-polls gave majority to opposition and pushed UPA to minority.
* [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] left the alliance after the fall of Karnataka govt.
*[[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] joined UPA after UPA invited as it was against the implementation of CAA-NRC, and [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] joined UPA back at national level after a break-up in 2014.

=== 2020 ===

* UPA lost state election in [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi]], [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]]
*The [[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] was expelled by INC from the alliance due to the factions forming in the party.

=== 2021 ===

* 3 MLA have resigned from UPA in Puducherry causing the government to go from majority to minority, and during the no trust confidence UPA fail to prove majority causing the govt to fall.
*[[Bodoland People's Front|BPF]] (left NDA) and joined the alliance ahead of the [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assam election.]]
* UPA lost state election in [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]], [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]], [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]] and [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]]
* UPA won state election in [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]]
* GFP or [[Goa Forward Party]] had joined UPA
*UPA cut all ties with ISF ([[Indian Secular Front]]) after defeat in West Bengal elections.
* [[Bodoland People's Front]] had left the alliance due to poor performance in the 2021 Assam elections.
*[[All India United Democratic Front|AIUDF]] was expelled from UPA.
*[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] has left the alliance due to seat sharings for [[Next Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha Elections]].

=== 2022 ===
*[[Assam Jatiya Parishad|AJP]] or [[Assam Jatiya Parishad]] joined UPA

==Controversies==
The winter session of parliament in October 2008 came under intense criticism from the Left parties and the BJP to demand a full-fledged winter session instead of what was seen as the UPA to having "scuttled the voice of Parliament" by bringing down the sittings to a record low of 30 days in the year. The tensions between the UPA and the opposition parties became evident at an all-party meeting convened by Lok Sabha speaker [[Somnath Chatterjee]] when the leader of opposition, [[LK Advani]] questioned the status, timing and schedule of the current session of parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Left-joins-BJP-to-sing-chorus-against-UPA/374896/|title=Left joins BJP to sing chorus against UPA|author=Political Bureau|work=The Financial Express|access-date=17 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615133502/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Left-joins-BJP-to-sing-chorus-against-UPA/374896|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Karunanidhi had said he felt "let down" by the "lukewarm" response of the Centre and had demanded amendments in the resolution on Sri Lanka.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

One of the amendments was to "declare that [[genocide]] and [[war crime]]s had been committed and inflicted on the [[Eelam Tamils]] by the [[Sri Lankan Army]] and the administrators".

The second one was "establishment of a credible and independent international commission of investigation in a time-bound manner into the allegations of war crimes, [[crimes against humanity]], violations of international [[human rights law]], violations of [[international humanitarian law]] and crime of genocide against the Tamils". Karunanidhi said Parliament should adopt the resolution incorporating these two amendments.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/india/37843259_1_dmk-chief-karunanidhi-sri-lankan-tamils-humanitarian-law-and-crime |title=DMK pulls out of UPA govt over Sri Lanka Tamils issue – ''The Times of India'' |access-date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529171837/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-19/india/37843259_1_dmk-chief-karunanidhi-sri-lankan-tamils-humanitarian-law-and-crime |archive-date=29 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The UPA was criticised for its alleged involvement scams such as the [[CWG scam|Commonwealth Games Scam]] of 2010, the [[2G spectrum case]], and the [[Coalgate scam]]. Apart from the above-mentioned scams, the UPA has been under intense fire for the alleged [[doles]] handed out to the son-in-law of the Gandhi family, [[Robert Vadra]], by UPA-run state governments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/regulatory/cag-raps-haryana-govt-for-showing-undue-favours-to-robert-vadra/46696475|title=CAG raps Haryana govt. for showing undue favours to Robert vadra|work=The Economic Times|access-date=30 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109090341/http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/regulatory/cag-raps-haryana-govt-for-showing-undue-favours-to-robert-vadra/46696475|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Coalition government]]
* [[National Advisory Council]]
* [[National Democratic Alliance]]
* [[Third Front (India)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130418073521/http://pmindia.nic.in/cmp.pdf Common Minimum Programme of the UPA.]
*Arora, Balveer and Tawa Lama Rewal, Stéphanie. [http://samaj.revues.org/index2845.html ''"Introduction: Contextualizing and Interpreting the 15th Lok Sabha Elections"'']. ''South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal'', 3, 2009

{{Indian political parties}}
{{United Progressive Alliance |state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:United Progressive Alliance| ]]
[[Category:Manmohan Singh administration]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2004]]

M. G. Ramachandran

2022-11-15T12:15:13Z

2409:4072:6C80:14C0:0:0:248:8611:

{{short description|Indian actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (1917–1987)}}
{{Redirect2|MGR|M.G.R.|other uses|MGR (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. G. Ramachandran
| image = MG Ramachandran 2017 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = M. G. Ramachandran commemorative stamp
| office = 3rd [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 9 June 1980
| term_end = 24 December 1987
| governor = {{ubl|[[Prabhudas Patwari]]|[[Sundar Lal Khurana]]}}
| predecessor = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] (Acting)
| constituency = [[Madurai West (state assembly constituency)|Madurai West]] (1980-1985) [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]] (1985-1987)
| term_start2 = 30 June 1977
| term_end2 = 17 February 1980
| governor2 = [[Prabhudas Patwari]]
| predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]
| successor2 = [[President's rule]]
| constituency2 = [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)|Aruppukottai]]
| office3 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1 March 1967
| term_end3 = 24 December 1987
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = {{ubl|[[C. N. Annadurai]]|[[M. Karunanidhi]]|'''Himself'''}}
| 2blankname3 = [[Political Party]]
| 2namedata3 = {{ubl|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]}}
| constituency3 = {{ubl|[[Parangimalai (state assembly constituency)|St. Thomas Mount]] (1967-1977)|[[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)|Aruppukottai]] (1977-1980)|[[Madurai West (state assembly constituency)|Madurai West]] (1980-1984)|[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]] (1984-1987)}}
| office4 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Council|Member of the Madras State Legislative Council]]
| term_start4 = 30 March 1962<ref>http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/3rd_1962/Review%203_62-67.pdf</ref>
| term_end4 = 7 July 1964
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 = S.R.P. Ponnuswamy Chettiar
| 2blankname4 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata4 = {{ubl|[[K. Kamaraj]] (until 1963)|[[M. Bhaktavatsalam]] (1963-1964)}}
| office6 = General Secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start6 = 17 October 1972
| term_end6 = 22 June 1978
| predecessor6 = ''position established''
| successor6 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| term_start7 = 17 October 1986
| term_end7 = 24 December 1987
| predecessor7 = S. Raghavanandam
| successor7 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| office8 = Treasurer of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start8 = 1969
| term_end8 = 1972
| 1blankname8 = Party President
| 1namedata8 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| 2blankname8 = General Secretary
| 2namedata8 = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]]
| office9 = President of the [[Nadigar Sangam|South Indian Artistes' Association]]
| term_start9 = 1961
| term_end9 = 1963
| predecessor9 = [[R. Nagendra Rao]]
| successor9 = [[S. S. Rajendran]]
| term_start10 = 1957
| term_end10 = 1959
| predecessor10 = [[N. S. Krishnan]]
| successor10 = [[Anjali Devi]]
| birth_name = Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1917|01|17}}
| birth_place = [[Nawalapitiya]], [[Kandy District]], [[British Ceylon]] (present-day [[Sri Lanka]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|12|24|1917|01|17}}
| death_place = [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India (present-day [[Chennai]])
| death_cause = [[Heart failure]]
| resting_place = [[MGR Memorial|Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Memorial]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| profession = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Film producer]]|[[Film director]]|[[Politician]]|[[Philanthropist]]}}
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1972{{endash}}1987)
| otherparty = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1953{{endash}}1972) [[Indian National Congress]] (1935{{endash}}1945)
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Thangamani|1939|1942|end=died}} {{marriage|Sadhanandavathi|1942|1962|end=died}} {{marriage|[[V. N. Janaki]]|1963|}}}}
| nickname = {{hlist|Puratchi Thalaivar|Makkal Thilagam|Ponmana Chemmal|Vaathiyaar|M.G.R.}}
| residence = M.G.R. Thottam, [[Ramapuram, Chennai|Ramapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| relatives = [[M. G. Chakrapani]] (brother)
| awards = * [[Bharat Ratna]] (1988) (posthumously)
* [[Honorary Doctorate]] (1974)
* [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Rajat Kamal]] (1971)
| website =
| signature =
}}

'''Maruthur Gopala Ramachandran''' (17 January 1917 {{endash}} 24 December 1987), also popularly known as '''M.G.R.''', was an Indian politician, actor, philanthropist and filmmaker who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] from 1977 till his death in 1987. He was the founder of [[AIADMK]] and mentor of [[J. Jayalalithaa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kantha|first=Sachi Sri|author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha|date=8 April 2015|title=M.G.R. Remembered – Part 26|url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-26/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816105803/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-26/|archive-date=16 August 2017|access-date=19 May 2017|website=[[Sangam.org]]}}</ref> In 1988, M.G.R. was awarded India's highest civilian honour, [[Bharat Ratna]], posthumously.

In his youth, M.G.R. and his elder brother [[M. G. Chakrapani]] became members of a drama troupe to support their family. Influenced by Gandhian ideals, M.G.R. joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. After a few years of acting in plays, he made his film debut in the 1936 film ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' in a supporting role. By the late 1940s, he had graduated to lead roles.

M.G.R. became a member of the [[C. N. Annadurai]]-led [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK party) and rose through its ranks, using his popularity as a film star to build a political base. In 1972, three years after Annadurai's death, he left the DMK, then led by [[M. Karunanidhi]] to form his own party—the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK). Five years later, M.G.R. steered an AIADMK-led alliance to victory in the [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]], routing the DMK in the process. He became [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], the first film actor to become a [[chief minister (India)|chief minister]] in India. Except for a four-month [[interregnum]] in 1980, when his government was [[President's rule|overthrown]] by the Union government, he remained as chief minister till his death in 1987, leading the AIADMK to two more electoral wins in [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]] and [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]. {{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

In October 1984, M.G.R. was diagnosed with [[renal failure|kidney failure]] as a result of [[diabetes]]. He died on 24 December 1987 in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in [[Manapakkam]] after a prolonged illness. M.G.R. is regarded as a [[cultural icon]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] and is regarded as one of the most influential actors of [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 August 2017|title=Modi to Mamata, M.G.R. to NTR: Vir Sanghvi lists 70 politicians who changed India|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/70-politicians-independence-day|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909125921/https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/70-politicians-independence-day/|archive-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> His autobiography ''Naan Yaen Piranthaen'' (''Why I was Born'') was published in 2003.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/janakis-son-alone-has-copyright-to-mgrs-autobiography-court/article3600414.ece |title=Janaki's son alone has copyright to M.G.R.'s autobiography: court |date=4 July 2012 |work=The Hindu |access-date=6 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210024121/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/janakis-son-alone-has-copyright-to-mgrs-autobiography-court/article3600414.ece |archive-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Maruthur Gopala Ramachandran was born in [[Kandy]], [[Sri Lanka]], in the [[Malayali]] family of Melakkath Gopalan Menon, a [[Palakkad]] [[Mannadiyar|Mannadiyar Nair]]<ref name="kongu">{{cite news |last=Krishnamachari|first=Suganthi|date=30 April 2020|title=Inscriptions talk of fascinating Kongu connection|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/inscriptions-talk-of-fascinating-kongu-connection/article31470952.ece|work=The Hindu|location= |access-date=17 April 2021}}:”Krishna Menon of the Valluva Nadu royal family had five sons, of whom the fourth was Sankunni Valiya Mannadiyar, born in 1832. Sankunni Mannadiyar held a judicial post in Cochin. His son was Gopala Menon, born in 1884. Gopala Menon’s wife, Satyabhama, belonged to a family in Mathur, which was referred to as Vadavanur Vellalar in copper plates. To Gopala Menon and Satyabhama, a son was born in 1917, who was to become famous not only in Tamil films, but in the political scene in Tamil Nadu. That son was M.G. Ramachandran! So M.G.R. had Kongu Vellala ancestors, both on his father’s side and mother’s side!”</ref><ref name="Kannan"/><ref>{{cite news |title=M G Ramachandran: The first film actor to become Chief Minister in India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/m-g-ramachandran-the-first-film-actor-to-become-chief-minister-13043.html/page/3 |access-date=20 April 2021 |work=India TV News |date=14 October 2013 |language=en}}</ref> and Maruthur Satyabhama, a [[Vadavannur]] [[Vellalar]]<ref name="kongu"/><ref name="Kannan">{{cite book |author=R. Kannan|date=28 June 2017|title=M.G.R.: A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2mclDwAAQBAJ&q=MGR%3A+A+Life+kannan+menon&pg=PT15|location=India|publisher=Penguin Random House|pages=12–13|isbn=978-0143429340}}:"MGR has said that his ancestors were originally from Pollachi, and were Mandradiyars of the Kongu Vellalars...MGR greatly resented being considered a Malayali"</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/mgrs-childhood-home-in-kerala-to-become-a-cultural-hub/articleshow/62910243.cms|title=MGR's childhood home in Kerala to become a cultural hub|work=The Times of India|date=14 February 2018|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105205026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/mgrs-childhood-home-in-kerala-to-become-a-cultural-hub/articleshow/62910243.cms|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live|quote=Maruthur Gopalamenon Ramachandran, popularly known as 'MGR'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Daksnamurthy |first1=Aananth |title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days |url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/ |access-date=11 November 2020 |work=ThePrint |date=19 May 2020|quote=Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran, or MGR,}}</ref> from [[Palakkad]], in the modern-day state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mani Shankar Aiyar|title=A Time of Transition: Rajiv Gandhi to the 21 Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpzzxxCgpbcC&pg=PT38|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-670-08275-9|pages=38–}}</ref> Gopalan Menon died when M.G.R. was just two and a half years old. Just after the death of his father, his sister too died due to ill health. His mother had to struggle alone to bring up M.G.R. and his brother. She took the decision to return to India and went back to Kerala where she failed to get the support of her relatives. With the support of Velu Nair of Kumbakonam, Satyabhama put both her sons in school.

It was in school that M.G.R. started his acting career and joined the Boys Company drama troupe taking part in the rigorous training programmes conducted by the troupe in the areas of singing, dancing, sword fighting, diction and memory with active interest and involvement.

The challenges faced by him during his early life and childhood played an important role in shaping his character and political career. After a brief acting stint overseas with the help of Madras Kandasamy Mudaliar, during which he had played female roles, he returned to India and rejoined the Boys Company and started playing lead roles for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/826902/mg-ramachandrans-early-years-a-poor-childhood-drama-school-and-the-first-big-break|title=MG Ramachandran's early years: a poor childhood, drama school, and the first big break|last=Veeravalli|first=Shrikanth|work=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822051907/https://scroll.in/reel/826902/mg-ramachandrans-early-years-a-poor-childhood-drama-school-and-the-first-big-break|archive-date=22 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In his early days, M.G.R. was a devout [[Hindu]] and a devotee of [[Murugan|Lord Sri Murugan]], and his mother's [[Ishta Deva|favourite god]] [[Guruvayurappan|Lord Sri Guruvayurappan]].<ref>Linda Woodhead ''Religions in Modern World''. Fletcher, Kawanam. p. 39</ref> After joining the DMK, he turned a rationalist.<ref>[[M.S.S. Pandian]] (1992) ''The image trap''. SAGE Publications. {{ISBN|0803994036}}. p. 131</ref>

M.G.R.'s first marriage was to Chitarikulam Bargavi, also known as Thangamani, who died early due to an illness. He later married for the second time, to Satyanandavati, who also died soon after marriage due to tuberculosis.<ref>[http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/01/19000346/Marriage-qualifying-high.html திருமணமும் தகுதி உயர்வும் || Marriage qualifying high] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007013548/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/01/19000346/Marriage-qualifying-high.html |date=7 October 2014 }}. Cinema.maalaimalar.com (19 February 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> Later M.G.R. married for the third time, this time to [[V. N. Janaki]] a former [[Tamil film]] actress who was once his leading lady and a future chief minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref>[http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/01/21000505/Mgr-Cinema-History.html பொன்மனச் செம்மலின் வெற்றி வரலாறு (பகுதி 5): வி.என். ஜானகியை வாழ்க்கைத் துணைவியாக ஏற்றார்! || Mgr Cinema History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124005117/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2014/01/21000505/Mgr-Cinema-History.html |date=24 January 2014 }}. Cinema.maalaimalar.com (19 February 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref> M.G.R. had no children from any of his marriages.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thhomas|first=K.M.|date=27 April 1998|title=Family feud over MGR's property turns into public campaign against controlling authority|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19980427-family-feud-over-mgrs-property-turns-into-public-campaign-against-controlling-authority-826242-1998-04-27|access-date=21 February 2021|work=India Today}}</ref>

==Acting career==
[[File:MGR and VNJanaki.jpg|thumb|left|M.G.R. with his wife Janaki in ''[[Mohini (1948 film)|Mohini]]'' (1948)|alt=|233x233px]]

M.G.R. made his film debut in 1936, in the film ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)]]'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303042321/http://www.bookrags.com/M._G._Ramachandran M. G. Ramachandran]. bookrags.com</ref> directed by [[Ellis R. Dungan]], an American-born film director.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/09/06/stories/2004090600190300.htm |location=Chennai, India |title=Americans in Tamil cinema |date=6 September 2004 |access-date=5 August 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205171837/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/09/06/stories/2004090600190300.htm |archive-date=5 December 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Generally starring in romance or action films, M.G.R. got his breakthrough in the 1950 film written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. Soon he rose to popularity with the 1954 film ''[[Malaikkallan]]''. He acted as hero in the Tamil film industry's first ever full length [[Gevacolor]] film, the 1955 ''[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]''. He won the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for the film ''[[Rickshawkaran]]'' in 1972.

His 1973 blockbuster ''[[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]'' broke the previous box office records of his films. It was one of the few films filmed abroad in those days. It was shot in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong and Japan. His acting career ended in 1987 with his last film ''Ullagam Suthi Paru'', in which he acted even though he had been diagnosed with kidney failure.<ref>{{cite web|title=MGR-Sivaji-Gemini: TRINITY Album Launched|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/25324.html|work=IndiaGlitz|access-date=6 March 2012|date=22 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709092911/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/events/25324.html|archive-date=9 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> M.G.R. said there was no question of ‘retirement’ for anyone associated in whichever capacity with the cine field.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mgr-man-of-the-masses/article22454866.ece|title=MGR, man of the masses|date=17 January 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425045417/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mgr-man-of-the-masses/article22454866.ece|archive-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

=== Mentor ===
[[Kali N. Rathnam]], a pioneer of Tamil stage drama, and K.P. Kesavan were mentors of M.G.R. in his acting career.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-2/|title=MGR Remembered – Part 4|date=2 February 2013|newspaper=Ilankai Tamil Sangam|access-date=17 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118101109/http://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-2/|archive-date=18 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:M. G. Ramachandran in Sathi Leelavathi (1936).jpg|thumb|right|M.G.R. seen in his debut film Sathi Leelavathi]]
M.G.R. was a member of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] till 1953, and he used to wear [[khādī]]. In 1953  M.G.R. joined the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), or Dravidian Progressive Federation, attracted by founder [[C. N. Annadurai]]. He became a vocal Tamil and [[Dravidian race|Dravidian]] nationalist and prominent member of DMK. He added glamour to the [[Dravidian movement]] which was sweeping Tamil Nadu. M.G.R. became a member of the state Legislative Council in 1962. At the age of 50, he was first elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 1967. After the death of his mentor, [[C. N. Annadurai|Annadurai]], M.G.R. became the treasurer of DMK in 1969 after [[Muthuvel Karunanidhi]] became the Chief Minister.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no citation for this complete paragraph|date=December 2016}}

===1967 assassination attempt===
The actor and politician [[Mohan R. Radha|M. R. Radha]] and M.G.R. had worked in 25 films together. On 12 January 1967, Radha and a producer visited M.G.R. to talk about a future film project. During the conversation, M. R. Radha stood up and shot M.G.R. in his left ear twice and then tried to shoot himself.<ref>A. Srivathsan (23 December 2012) [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-day-mr-radha-shot-mgr/article12059018.ece The day M.R. Radha shot MGR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821074309/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/the-day-mr-radha-shot-mgr/article12059018.ece |date=21 August 2019 }}. ''The Hindu''</ref>

After the operation, M.G.R.'s voice changed. Since he had been shot in his ear, M.G.R. lost hearing in his left ear and had ringing problems in the ear. These further surfaced in 1983 when he had kidney problems. When Sinnappa Devar paid his first visit to see M.G.R. at the hospital after the shooting incident he paid M.G.R. an advance for M.G.R.'s next film. After getting released from the hospital and finishing ''Arasakattalai'', M.G.R. acted in Devar's film ''Vivasaayee'' against doctors' advice. Due to the operation, M.G.R.'s speaking parts in the film ''Kaavalkaaran'' were reduced. This was the only film in which M.G.R. spoke with old and new voices between scenes: M.G.R. was acting in the film ''Kaavalkaran'' in 1967 opposite [[J. Jayalalithaa]] when the shooting occurred.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no citation for this complete paragraph|date=December 2016}}

''Petralthaan Pillaya'' was the last film of M.G.R.-M. R. Radha together. Shooting ended just few days before M.G.R. was shot. The bullet was permanently lodged in his neck and his voice damaged. Within hours of the shooting, some 50,000 fans had gathered at the hospital where M.G.R. had been taken. People cried in the streets. For six weeks, he lay in the hospital as fans awaited each report of his health. He was visited by a steady stream of commoners and luminaries of film industry, polity and bureaucracy. From his hospital bed, he conducted his campaign for the Madras Legislative Assembly. He won twice the number of votes polled by his Congress rival and the largest vote polled by any candidate for the Assembly.<ref name="isbn0-415-39680-8">{{cite book |author=Selvaraj Velayutham|title=Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry|publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-39680-6}}</ref>

===Split from DMK and formation of AIADMK===
[[File:Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai.jpg|thumb|left|Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai]]
In 1972, DMK leader Karunanidhi started to project his first son [[M. K. Muthu]] in a big way in film and politics, around the same time M.G.R. was accusing that corruption had grown in the party after the demise of [[C. N. Annadurai]]. Consequently, M.G.R. was expelled from the party.

Upon his ouster from DMK,his volunteer Anakaputhur Ramalingam started a new party called the Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Joined as a member of that party and became its leader and generel secretary.[ later renamed [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), the only powerful opponent of the DMK. He mobilised between 1972 and 1977 to spread and preach his party ambition with films like ''Netru Indru Naalai'' (1974), ''Idhayakani'' (1975), ''Indru Pol Endrum Vazhga'' (1977), etc.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no citation for this complete paragraph, the ouster from DMK especially needs a citation|date=December 2016}}

===Continued success in TN Assembly elections===

====1977 Assembly elections====
The [[AIADMK]] contested the [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative]]. The election was a four cornered contest between the AIADMK, DMK, the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and the [[Janata Party]]. The AIADMK allied itself with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPIM), while INC(I) and [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]] (CPI) contested as allies. The [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK)and Janata Party (JNP) contested the elections alone. The AIADMK did not field any candidate in the Usilampatti Constituency in support of the [[All India Forward Bloc]] leader [[P.K. Mookiah Thevar]]. Similarly, the AIADMK also supported the [[Indian Union Muslim League]] (IUML) candidate M. Abdul Latheef in the Vaniyambadi Constituency. In the parliamentary elections that occurred just three months prior to these elections, there had been two major alliances – the AIADMK led AIADMK-INC-CPI coalition and the DMK led DMK-NCO-JNP-CPM coalition. But in the months that followed the parliamentary election, these coalitions fell apart. The [[AIADMK]] alliance won the elections by winning 144 seats out of 234 and M.G.R. became the [[Chief Minister]] of Tamil Nadu. Upon winning the 1977 state elections, M.G.R. became the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] on 30 June 1977, remaining in office till his death in 1987. In 1979, members of his party [[Satyavani Muthu]] and [[Aravinda Bala Pajanor]] became the first non-Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu to be ministers in the [[Union Cabinet]]. The AIADMK won every state assembly election as long as M.G.R. was alive. Although Annadurai and Karunanidhi had acted in stage plays in trivial roles, in their younger days, before becoming chief minister, M.G.R. was the first popular film actor to be a Chief Minister in India.

====1980 Parliament and assembly elections====
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam allied with Indian National Congress (Indira) in the 1977 parliamentary election. However, when Janata Party won the election and Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, M.G.R. extended unconditional support to the Janata party Government. He continued his support to the Charan Singh Government in 1979. After the fall of the Charan Singh government, fresh parliamentary elections were conducted in 1980. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam struck alliance with INC(I). AIADMK and Janata Party alliance won only 2 seats in Tamil Nadu in that parliamentary election. INC(I) won the election and Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister.
Congress-DMK victory in the 1980 parliamentary election emboldened their alliance and made them think that people lost their faith in M.G.R. government. DMK pressed the central government to dismiss the Tamil Nadu government using similar allegations used by M.G.R. to dismiss DMK government in 1976. The AIADMK ministry and the assembly were dismissed by the central government and fresh elections conducted in 1980.
Despite their victory at the 1980 Lok Sabha polls, DMK and Indira Congress failed to win the legislative assembly election. AIADMK won the election and its leader and incumbent Chief Minister, M. G. Ramachandran was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.

====1984 assembly elections====
Indira Gandhi was assassinated on 31 October 1984. During the same time, M. G. Ramachandran was diagnosed with kidney failure and admitted into a hospital in New York City. Rajiv Gandhi assumed office immediately and this required a fresh mandate from the people. Indian National Congress (Indira) and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam formed an alliance and contested the election. M. G. Ramachandran was confined to the hospital. Video coverage of M.G.R. recuperating in hospital along with Indira Gandhi's assassination were stitched together by the AIADMK man in charge of campaigning, R. M. Veerappan. The video was distributed and played across all over Tamil Nadu. Rajiv Gandhi visited cyclone-hit areas in Tamil Nadu, which also boosted the alliance. The sympathy wave created by Indira's assassination, M.G.R.'s illness and Rajiv Gandhi's charisma helped the alliance sweep the election.[1][2] DMK leader M. Karunanidhi did not contest this election, due to the fact that the AIADMK founder M.G.R. was admitted to a hospital in the U.S. and Indira Gandhi being assassinated. It was a landslide victory for AIADMK-Congress combine which won 195 seats in assembly polls. The electoral victory proved the undying charisma of M.G.R. upon the masses.

===Achievements as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu===
[[File:Hindustan_Ambassador_Mark_III_of_M.G._Ramachandran.jpg|thumb|right|M. G. Ramachandran's Ambassador Car with National flag]]
Once he became Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, he placed great emphasis on social development, especially education. One of his most successful policies was the conversion of the "[[Midday Meal Scheme]]", introduced by the popular Congress Chief Minister and kingmaker [[K Kamaraj]], which already was encouraging underprivileged children to attend school, into "M.G.R.'s Nutritious Meal Scheme" in the government-run and -aided schools in Tamil Nadu by adding ''saththurundai'' – a nutritious sugary flour dumpling. This scheme was at a cost of Rs. 1 billion and was imposed in 1982. A little more than 120,000 children of the state were benefited. He also introduced Women's Special buses. He introduced a liquor ban in the state and preservation of old temples and historical monuments, ultimately increasing the state's tourist income. He set up a free school for the cinema technicians children in Kodambakkam called M.G.R. Primary & Higher Secondary School which provided free mid-day meals in the 1980s. He led the AIADMK to victory in the 1984 assembly elections, despite not taking part in the campaigning. At that time he was undergoing medical treatment in America and his images were broadcast in Tamil Nadu through cinema halls. This was an effective campaign tactic and AIADMK won the elections claiming around 56% of assembly seats, indicating the depth of his popular support. He won his seat in a double landslide victory in 1984. He still holds the record of being the chief minister with the highest consistent longevity of more than a decade.{{Citation needed|reason=there is no citation for this complete paragraph, a few peacock words without justification|date=December 2016}}

====Failed Merger Talks with DMK====

[[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]] claimed on 1 April 2009 and again on 13 May 2012 that M.G.R. was ready for the merger of his party with the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] in September 1979, with former [[chief minister of Odisha]] [[Biju Patnaik]] acting as the mediator. The plan failed, because [[Panruti S. Ramachandran|Panruti Ramachandran]], who was close to M.G.R. acted as a spoiler and M.G.R. changed his mind.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/01/stories/2009040159630800.htm |title=Tamil Nadu News : AIADMK came close to merging with DMK: Karunanidhi |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=3 January 2013 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917103916/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/01/stories/2009040159630800.htm |archive-date=17 September 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/karuna-recalls-biju-s-bid-for-dmk-admk-merger_775093.html |title=Karuna recalls Biju's bid for DMK-AIADMK merger |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723002916/http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/karuna-recalls-biju-s-bid-for-dmk-admk-merger_775093.html |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/how-biju-patnaik-nearly-pulled-dmk-and-aiadmk-merger-41911 |title=How Biju Patnaik nearly pulled off a DMK and AIADMK merger |publisher=The News Minute|date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

===Criticism and controversies===
Even after his death, M.G.R. proved to be very popular in the state and his rule has been cited by many of his contemporaries as best in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/12/20/polls-show-mgr-as-the-best-cm-of-tamil-nadu-1166621843.html|title=Polls show MGR as the best CM of Tamil Nadu|date=20 December 2006|work=news.oneindia.in|access-date=28 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228200419/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/12/20/polls-show-mgr-as-the-best-cm-of-tamil-nadu-1166621843.html|archive-date=28 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=April 2020|reason=This is not a reliable source need better source}} However, his rule is not without criticism. Economic data under his rule showed that annual growth and per capita income was lower than the national average and the state went from being second among 25 industrialised states in development after Kamaraj's rule to tenth. This decline, according to critics has been due to shift of government resources from power and irrigation to social and agriculture sector according to Madras Institute of Development Studies reported in 1988. In addition, the emphasis on "welfare schemes" such as free electricity to farmers, mid-day meal schemes, etc. has been seen by many as taking money away from infrastructure development that could have benefited the poor. In addition, the liquor tax imposed during his rule was considered to contribute to a regressive tax mostly affecting the poor.{{Citation needed|reason=more citation are needd for the claims in this paragraph, a few peacock words without justification|date=December 2016}}

Other criticisms have been on M.G.R.'s centralised decision-making, which many blame for inefficiency and corruption taking hold of his administration. Some examples stated by the critics include Goondas act in 1982 and other acts that limited political criticism in the media, which led to a "police state" during his administration. While these criticisms have been in the minority, supporters of M.G.R. counter that most of these problems were a result of the party members serving M.G.R. rather than the leader himself. While he is not considered a divisive figure in the state, critics and supporters alike agree that his charisma and popularity trumped policy decisions that led to his eventual success during his tenure as chief minister.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/st/article/view/2939|author=Ingrid Widlund|title=A Vote for MGR Transaction and Devotion in South Indian Politics|volume=96|issue=3|year=1993|journal=Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrifts|pages=225–257|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228220416/http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/st/article/view/2939|archive-date=28 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Natwar Singh]] in his autobiography [[One Life is Not Enough]] alleges that M.G.R. covertly supported the cause of independent [[Tamil Eelam]] and financed the [[LTTE]] and their cadres were being given military training in Tamil Nadu. He also alleges that M.G.R. considered [[Jaffna]] an extension of Tamil Nadu and without informing the Indian Government at the time, had gifted 40 million rupees to the [[LTTE]].<ref>{{cite book|author=K. Natwar-Singh|title=One Life is Not Enough: An Autobiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FG4oQEACAAJ|year=2014|publisher=Rupa Publications India|isbn=978-81-291-3274-1}}</ref>

M.G.R. has been accused of being intolerant towards the media. In April 1987, the Editor of [[Ananda Vikatan]] [[S. Balasubramanian]] was sentenced to 3 months in jail by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] for publishing a cartoon, depicting government ministers as bandits and lawmakers as pickpockets, though specific legislature was not specified. But due to media outcry, he was released and [[S. Balasubramanian]] later won a case against his arrest. Earlier, Vaniga Otrumai editor A.M. Paulraj was sentenced to 2 weeks imprisonment by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] for his writing.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/arrest-of-ananda-vikattin-editor-another-press-vs-ramachandran-government-battle/1/336963.html | title=Arresting affair Arrest of Ananda Vikattin editor another press vs Ramachandran Government battle | publisher=[[India Today]] | work=S.H. Venkatramani | date=30 April 1987 | access-date=17 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125145/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/arrest-of-ananda-vikattin-editor-another-press-vs-ramachandran-government-battle/1/336963.html | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2003/11/16/stories/2003111602121000.htm | title=A trophy to remember | date=16 November 2003 | access-date=17 October 2015 | last1=Ramachandran | first1=K. | archive-date=11 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011163300/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2003/11/16/ | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=live }}</ref>

====Bharat Ratna====
[[File:MGR Statue at the MGR Memorial.jpg|right|thumb| M.G.R.'s statue at the [[MGR Memorial]]]]
After his death in 1987, he became the third Chief Minister from the state of Tamil Nadu to receive the [[Bharat Ratna]] after [[C. Rajagopalachari]] and [[K. Kamaraj]]. The timing of the award was controversial, due to the fact that it was given so quickly after his death and he was elected as Chief Minister only 11 years before the award. Many opponents, mostly outside Tamil Nadu, criticised then ruling party [[Indian National Congress|INC]], under [[Rajiv Gandhi]] to have influenced the selection committee to give the award to help win the upcoming [[1989 Indian general election|1989 Lok Sabha election]]. The ruling party forming a coalition with [[J. Jayalalithaa]], the successor to M.G.R. at that time, were able to sweep [[Tamil Nadu]], winning [[Indian general election in Tamil Nadu, 1989|38 out of 39 seats]], INC were however unable to win nationally.<ref>[http://www.merinews.com/article/bharat-ratna--isnt-the-arbitrary-selection--politics-making-this-highest-civilian-award-controversy-prone/15892132.shtml Bharat Ratna- Isn't the arbitrary selection & politics making this highest civilian award controversy prone?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228143130/http://www.merinews.com/article/bharat-ratna--isnt-the-arbitrary-selection--politics-making-this-highest-civilian-award-controversy-prone/15892132.shtml |date=28 December 2013 }}. Merinews.com (20 November 2013). Retrieved 21 May 2014.</ref>

====Commemorative coins====
To commemorate M.G.R.'s Birth centenary in 2017, the Ministry of Finance, Government of India decided to issue ₹100 and ₹5 coins that would bear his image as a portrait along with an inscription of "Dr. M. G. Ramachandran Birth Centenary".<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/centre-to-mint-5-100-coins-to-commemorate-mgrs-birth-centenary/article19672634.ece Centre to mint ₹5, ₹100 coins to commemorate MGR's birth centenary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912182912/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/centre-to-mint-5-100-coins-to-commemorate-mgrs-birth-centenary/article19672634.ece |date=12 September 2017 }}. ''The Hindu''. 12 September 2017</ref>

==Elections contested and positions held==
===Tamil Nadu Legislative elections===
{|
|- style="background:#adc;"
! width="160" |Elections
! width="100" |Constituency
! width="70" |Party
! width="70" |Result
! width="70" |Vote percentage
! width="150" |Opposition Candidate
! width="70" |Opposition Party
! width="70" |Opposition vote percentage
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Parangimalai (state assembly constituency)|Parangimalai]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won||66.67||T. L. Raghupathy||[[Indian National Congress|INC]]||32.57
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Parangimalai (state assembly constituency)|Parangimalai]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won||61.11||T. L. Raghupathy||[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|INC(O)]]||38.10
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)|Aruppukottai]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||56.23||M. Muthuvel Servai||[[Janata Party|JNP]]||17.87
|- style="background:#ffc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Madurai West (state assembly constituency)|Madurai West]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||59.61||[[Pon. Muthuramalingam]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||37.59
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| bgcolor="98FB98" |[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]||[[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||Won||67.40||Thangaraj @ Vallarasu||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||31.22
|}

===Posts in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=70|Year
!width=181|Constituency
!width=300|Position
!width=70|Party
!width=115|From
!width=115|To
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[Parangimalai (state assembly constituency)|Parangimalai]] || [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] || 6 March 1967 || 4 January 1971
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]] || Parangimalai || Member of Legislative Assembly || DMK || 15 March 1971 || 31 January 1976
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Aruppukottai (state assembly constituency)|Aruppukottai]] || [[Chief Minister]] || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] || 30 June 1977 || 17 February 1980
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || [[Madurai West (state assembly constituency)|Madurai West]] || Chief Minister || |AIADMK || 9 June 1980 || 15 November 1984
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]] || [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]] || Chief Minister || AIADMK || 10 February 1985 || 24 December 1987
|}

==Philanthropy==
He personally offered relief in disasters and calamities like fire, flood, drought, and cyclones. He was the first donor during the war with China in 1962 ([[Sino-Indian War]]), donating Rs. 75,000 to the war fund. He was the founder and editor of ''Thai'' weekly magazine and ''Anna'' daily newspaper in Tamil. He was the owner of Sathya Studios and Emgeeyar Pictures (willed to charity) which produced many of the films he acted in. He had gifted a golden sword weighing half a Kilogram to [[Mookambika]] temple in [[Kollur, Udupi district|Kollur]], [[Udupi district]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/07/31/stories/2004073102520400.htm |title=The Hindu : Karnataka News : Jayalalithaa offers prayers at Kollur temple |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |date=31 July 2004 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822055235/http://hinduonnet.com/2004/07/31/stories/2004073102520400.htm |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

==Illness and death==
[[File:MGR Memorial 9 December 2007.jpg|right|thumb|[[MGR Memorial|M.G.R.'s Tomb and Memorial]] at [[Marina beach]], Chennai]]
In October 1984, M.G.R. was diagnosed with [[renal failure|kidney failure]] as a result of [[diabetes]], which was soon followed by a mild [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] and a massive [[stroke]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Venkatramani |first1=S. H. |title=M.G. Ramachandran's kidney ailment remained a well-kept secret |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19841115-m.g.-ramachandran-kidney-ailment-remained-a-well-kept-secret-803467-1984-11-15 |access-date=4 April 2020 |work=India Today |date=15 November 1984 |language=en |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205105325/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19841115-m.g.-ramachandran-kidney-ailment-remained-a-well-kept-secret-803467-1984-11-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19871225&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=MGR DIES OF HEART ATTACK|date=25 December 1987|work=The Indian Express|access-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live|page=1|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011163259/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19871225&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref> He was rushed to the [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center|Downstate Medical Center]] in [[New York City]], [[United States of America|United States]] for treatment, undergoing a kidney transplant. Despite his poor health, he did contest the [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|assembly election held later that year]] while still confined to the hospital, winning from [[Andipatti (state assembly constituency)|Andipatti]]. During the election, photos of M.G.R. recuperating in hospital were published, creating a sympathy wave among the people.<ref>https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/wheres-the-personal-doc/299400 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205105325/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/wheres-the-personal-doc/299400 |date=5 December 2019 }} Where's the personal doc?</ref> M.G.R. returned to Madras on 4 February 1985 following his recovery. He was sworn in as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for the third consecutive term on 10 February 1985. The next two years and 10 months were spent in frequent trips to the United States for treatment.

M.G.R. never fully recovered from his multiple health problems and died on 24 December 1987 at 3:30 am in his Ramavaram Gardens residence in Manapakkam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/m.g.-ramachandran-death-marks-the-passing-of-an-era-of-stability-in-tamil-nadu/1/328814.html|title=M.G. Ramachandrans death marks the passing of an era of stability in Tamil Nadu|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011163300/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19880115-m.g.-ramachandran-death-marks-the-passing-of-an-era-of-stability-in-tamil-nadu-796866-1988-01-15|url-status=live}}</ref> after his prolonged illness. He was 70 years old, just a month away before his 71st birthday. His death sparked off a frenzy of looting and rioting all over the state. Shops, cinemas, buses and other public and private property became the target of violence let loose. The police had to resort issuing shoot-at-sight orders. Schools and colleges immediately announced holidays till the situation came under control. Violence during the funeral alone left 29 people dead and 47 police personnel badly wounded.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73864408.html?dids=73864408:73864408&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=DEC+25%2C+1987&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Popular+Tamil+Leader+Dies+in+India%3BRioting%2C+Suicides+Follow+Death+of+Tamil+Nadu's+Chief+Minister&pqatl=google |title=Popular Tamil Leader Dies in India;Rioting, Suicides Follow Death of Tamil Nadu's Chief Minister |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=25 December 1987 |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624093420/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73864408.html?dids=73864408:73864408&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=DEC+25%2C+1987&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Popular+Tamil+Leader+Dies+in+India%3BRioting%2C+Suicides+Follow+Death+of+Tamil+Nadu's+Chief+Minister&pqatl=google |archive-date=24 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB36DA04F1B596C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | work=Chicago Sun-Times | title=Tamil leader's death stirs India riots | date=26 December 1987 | access-date=19 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323114837/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB36DA04F1B596C&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | archive-date=23 March 2007 | url-status=live }}</ref>

His remains were buried in the northern end of Marina Beach is now called [[MGR Memorial]] which is adjacent to the Anna Memorial.

This state of affairs continued for almost a month across Tamil Nadu. Around one [[million]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CO&s_site=charlotte&p_multi=CO&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB6C28AE8FBD0C1&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | title=One Million Indians Mourn Tamil Leader |newspaper=[[Charlotte Observer]] | date=26 December 1987 | access-date=19 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324125936/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CO&s_site=charlotte&p_multi=CO&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB6C28AE8FBD0C1&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM | archive-date=24 March 2007 | url-status=live }}</ref> people followed his remains, around 30 followers committed suicide and people had their heads tonsured. After his death, his political party, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, split between his wife [[V. N. Janaki Ramachandran]] and [[J. Jayalalithaa]]; they merged in 1989.

In 1989 [[Dr. M. G. R. Home and Higher Secondary School for the Speech and Hearing Impaired]]<ref>[http://www.mgrhome.in/ "MGR Home & Higher Secondary School for the Speech & Hearing Impaired"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030173842/http://www.mgrhome.in/ |date=30 October 2014 }}. Mgrhome.in. Retrieved on 18 April 2015.</ref> was established at the erstwhile residence M.G.R. Thottam, Ramapuram, in accordance with his last will & testament written in January 1987. His official residence at 27, Arcot Street, T. Nagar is now M.G.R. Memorial House and is open for public viewing. His film studio, Sathya Studios, has been converted into a women's college.<ref>[http://www.mgrjanaki.ac.in/ ".:: Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ::."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209203032/http://www.mgrjanaki.ac.in/|date=9 December 2014}}. Mgrjanaki.ac.in. Retrieved on 18 April 2015.</ref>

==Legacy==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2019}}
[[File:MG_Ramachandran_1990_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|right|M. G. Ramachandran in 1990 Stamp of India]]
After his electoral success with in 1977, the DMK has not yet returned to power in Tamil Nadu until his death. In 1988, M. G. Ramachandran was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the [[Bharat Ratna]], posthumously. He is widely acknowledged as "Puratchi Thalaivar" (Revolutionary Leader) in Tamil Nadu. One of the major roads in Chennai was named in his honor, ''Dr. M.G.R. Salai''—it was previously called Gokula Kannan Road, and a statue of M. G. Ramachandran now stands there and [[MGR Nagar|M.G.R. Nagar]], a residential neighbourhood was named after him in [[Chennai]], [[Central Bus Terminus Salem|Salem Central Bus Stand]] was renamed ''Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Central Bus Stand'' and Omalur Main Road was renamed ''M.G.R. Salai'' in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Transport in Tirunelveli|Tirunelveli New Bus Stand]] was renamed ''Bharat Ratna Dr. M.G.R. Bus Stand'' in [[Tirunelveli]] and two parks were named ''Bharat Ratna Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Park'' and ''M.G.R. Park'' in [[Thoothukudi]].

A life-size statue of M. G. Ramachandran was unveiled on 7 December 2006 in the Parliament House by then [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Speaker]], [[Somnath Chatterjee]] in his honor and the function was attended by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu [[J. Jayalalithaa]] and notable politicians.

The central government issued a commemorative coin of ₹ 100 and ₹ 5 denomination to mark the centenary celebrations of him on 17 January 2017 in Chennai.

On 31 October 2017, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] renamed the Mattuthavani Bus Terminus in [[Madurai]] as [[M.G.R. Bus Stand]] to honor him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/it-is-now-mgr-bus-stand-at-mattuthavani-madurai/article19957729.ece |title=It is now MGR bus stand at Mattuthavani |date=31 October 2017 |access-date=31 October 2017 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011163300/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/it-is-now-mgr-bus-stand-at-mattuthavani-madurai/article19957729.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 9 October 2018, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] renamed the Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus as [[CMBT|Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G.R. Bus Terminus]] to honor him.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/oct/10/cmbt-renamed-as-puratchi-thalaivar-dr-mgr-bus-stand-1883468.html|title=CMBT renamed as 'Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. MGR Bus Terminus'|date=10 October 2018|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011114651/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/oct/10/cmbt-renamed-as-puratchi-thalaivar-dr-mgr-bus-stand-1883468.html|archive-date=11 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 5 April 2019, [[Government of India]] renamed the Chennai Central railway station as [[Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station]] to honor him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Manikandan |title=Chennai Central railway station renamed after AIADMK founder MGR |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chennai-central-railway-station-renamed-after-aiadmk-founder-mgr/story-BbpgnA17d5GCUPtsFxwpIN.html |access-date=16 April 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 April 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416125843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chennai-central-railway-station-renamed-after-aiadmk-founder-mgr/story-BbpgnA17d5GCUPtsFxwpIN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 31 July 2020, Chennai Central metro station in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as [[Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central metro station|Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Metro]] by [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] to honor him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |title=Tamil Nadu government to rename three metro rail stations in Chennai after late Chief Ministers |date=31 July 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |work=The New Indian Express |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803040901/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/jul/31/tamil-nadu-government-to-rename-three-metro-rail-stations-in-chennai-after-late-chief-ministers-2177261.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 October 2021, the [[AIADMK]] headquarters in [[Chennai]] has been renamed as ''Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai'' by party leaders in memory of the party's founder.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=2868092 |title=எம்ஜிஆர் மாளிகை' ஆனது அதிமுக அலுவலகம்: பொன் விழாவை சிறப்பாக கொண்டாட ஏற்பாடு |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=Dinamalar }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
*''[[Iruvar]]'' (1997) by Mani Rantham is based on rivalry between M.G.R. and M. Karunanidhi which Malayalam actor Mohanlal played Anandan (M.G.R.) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/when-mohanlal-humanised-mgr-in-mani-ratnam-iruvar-6224060/|title=When Mohanlal humanised MGR in Mani Ratnam's Iruvar|date=20 January 2020|publisher=New Indian Express}}</ref>
*2019 web series ''[[Queen (web series)|Queen]]'' which he was renamed as G. M. Ravichandran which Indrajith Sukumaran portrayed him .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indrajith Sukumaran to play MGR in Gautham Menon's Jayalalithaa web series|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/mar/18/indrajith-sukumaran-to-play-mgr-in-gautham-menons-jayalalithaa-web-series-10596.html|access-date=2021-02-09|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
*''[[Thalaivi]]'' (2021) portrayed by Arvind Swami based on Jayalalithaa's life <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/dec/24/team-thalaivi-shares-new-look-of-arvind-swami-as-mgr-on-his-death-anniversary-2240574.html|title=Team 'Thalaivi' shares new look of Arvind Swami as MGR on his death anniversary|publisher=New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thalaivii-was-a-huge-responsibility-says-arvind-swami/article36356551.ece|title=Becoming MGR: How Arvind Swami got into shape for 'Thalaivii'|work=The Hindu|date=8 September 2021|last1=Ramanujam|first1=Srinivasa}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===As an actor===
{{Main|M. G. Ramachandran filmography}}

===As producer and director===
* 1958 ''[[Nadodi Mannan]]'', producer and director
* 1969 ''[[Adimai Penn]]'', producer
* 1973 ''[[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]'', producer and director
* 1977 ''[[Madhuraiyai Meetta Sundharapandiyan]]'', director

==Awards and honours==
=== Honours ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Event / Venue
!Award
!Work
! Ref
|-
|1974{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
|[[The World University]] ([[Arizona]])
| rowspan="2" |[[Honorary doctorate]]
|For the contribution to Indian Cinema{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=TN CM to receive honorary doctorate from Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-cm-receive-honorary-doctorate-dr-mgr-educational-and-research-institute-110616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605081453/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-cm-receive-honorary-doctorate-dr-mgr-educational-and-research-institute-110616|archive-date=5 June 2020|access-date=5 June 2020|website=thenewsminute.com|date=16 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
|1987
|[[University of Madras]]
|For the contribution to Tamil Cinema{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=M.G.R|url=http://mgrhome.in/mgrbio|access-date=9 June 2020|website=mgrhome.in|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121070052/http://mgrhome.in/mgrbio|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|1988
|[[Government of India]]
|[[Bharat Ratna]]
|For the contribution to public affairs
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of all Bharat Ratna award winners|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-445900|access-date=5 June 2020|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821053348/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/list-of-all-bharat-ratna-award-winners-445900|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

=== Other cinema awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Event
! rowspan="2" |Award / Category
! rowspan="2" |Film / Work
! Ref
|-
!
|-
| rowspan="2" |1965
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |Special Jury award
| rowspan="2" |''[[Enga Veettu Pillai]]''
|
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1968
| rowspan="4" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]''
|
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1969
| rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| rowspan="4" |''[[Adimaippenn]]''
|
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |Best Film
|''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/129552/Times-Exclusive/M-G-Ramachandran-I-K-Gujral.html|title=M G Ramachandran, Times Exclusive Photo, Matinee idol M G Ramachandran|date=1 April 1970|publisher=Timescontent.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006071710/http://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/129552/Times-Exclusive/M-G-Ramachandran-I-K-Gujral.html|archive-date=6 October 2011|access-date=2 August 2011}}</ref>''
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1971
| rowspan="2" |[[National Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Rickshawkaran]]''
|
|-
|
|}

==See also==
* [[M. G. Ramachandran's unrealized projects]]
*[[First Ramachandran ministry]]
*[[Second Ramachandran ministry]]
*[[Third Ramachandran ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|M. G. Ramachandran}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0707901|name=M. G. Ramachandran}}
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020908/spectrum/book4.htm M.G. Ramchandran: Jewel of the Masses]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091130100838/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/02/stories/2002060201871700.htm The Hindu – Politics and Suicides in TN]
* [http://www.puratchithalaivar.org/ All about Dr MGR]
* [http://www.mgrhome.in/ MGR Memorial Charitable Trust]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180925010207/http://www.ithayakkani.com/ MGR monthly magazine+News portal]
* [http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/45215 Kandy-born Actor-Politico "MGR" Reigned Supreme in Tamil Nadu Cinema and Politics-by D.B.S. Jeyaraj]
*{{ cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRnbrb0S1NI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/QRnbrb0S1NI| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live| title= Biography of M G Ramachandran| website= [[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-break}}

{{s-vac|last=[[Karunanidhi]]|reason=[[President's Rule]]}}
{{s-ttl|title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]|years=1977–1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Janaki Ramachandran]]}}

{{s-end}}

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Bharat Ratna}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestActor}}
{{TamilNaduStateAwardForBestActor}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandran, Mgoi}}
[[Category:M. G. Ramachandran]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian film directors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Actors from Kandy]]
[[Category:Actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Best Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil politicians]]
[[Category:Kidney transplant recipients]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 7th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to India]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]