P. Kalifulla

2022-01-09T11:07:43Z

2409:4072:6C15:8042:B450:6FEE:FE0C:5152:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
'''[[Dewan]] [[Khan Bahadur]] P.Khalifullah''' (1888 - 1950),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQUnAQAAIAAJ&q=p.khalifullah+dewan|title=The Feudatory and zemindari India|date=1946|language=en}}</ref> was a politician of the [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]. He served as the minister for public works in the short lived ministry of [[Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu]] during April–July 1937. He was a [[Tamil Muslim]] belonging to the [[Rowther]] community. His father T.A. Pitchai Rowther was a wealthy businessman of [[Tiruchirapalli]]. Born in 1888 in Tiruchi into a wealthy rice merchant’s family, his birth name was Mohamed Pichai Rowther Ibrahim Khalifullah. He went on to be known by the honorific '''[[Khan Bahadur]]''' title bestowed on him by the British. In later years, his work as the [[Dewan]] of Pudukottai made him more popular as ‘Dewan Khalifullah.’
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Diwan Bahadur]]
| name = P. Kalifulla Sahib
| honorific-suffix = [[Khan Bahadur]]
| image =
| smallimage =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] of [[Pudukkottai]]
| term_start1 = 1941
| term_end1 = 1947
| monarch1 = [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]]
| predecessor1 = [[Alexander Tottenham]]
| office =
| office2 =
| Office 1 =
| birth_date = 1888
| birth_place = [[Trichinopoly]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1950|02|10|1888|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Pudukkottai]], [[British India]]
| nationality =
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| occupation =[[civil servant]]
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}}

==Early life==

Khalifullah had his early education in Tiruchi, and then did his post-graduation from Madras University. He is thought to be the first south Indian Muslim to obtain a master's degree in 1913. "My grandfather was a man of vision, and was very keen to educate all his sons," says Kutbuddin. "Being educated then was a way to help others in life."

P. Khalifullah decided to study law soon after, and sailed for Britain. But it was to be a tragic sojourn as had to return to India within a month to attend his father’s funeral. "The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 put paid to my father’s plans to study law in Britain, so he completed his studies in Madras Law College in 1929 and became an advocate in the Madras High Court," says Kutbuddin.

P. Khalifullah was married at 13 years to Varsaisammal (8), and the couple had 12 children.

==Social attributes==

"My father never pampered any of his family members," says Kutbuddin. "Every year, he would stitch clothes for 10-15 street children at the same time and using the same fabric as for his own children," he adds.

"We all loved him, but our relationship with him was a little formal. In fact, his younger brother would not even sit down in his presence, such was the respect he commanded."

The family’s ancestral home in Pakkali Street, Bheema Nagar was large, and it was not unusual for at least 50-100 guests to be served a meal there at any given day.

"On the 26th fast of every Ramzan, he used to serve food to thousands of people from 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. Around 350 measures of rice used to be cooked for this annual event. My mother stayed out of the public eye, but she was the one who took charge of the home," says Kutbuddin.

==Political life==

Elected to Madras Presidency Legislature in 1930 as a Muslim League candidate, P. Khalifullah nurtured an activist side to him.

He was a keen advocate of secular education for Muslims in the south, and was a convenor of the Khilafat Movement (1919–24).

He was the Councillor in the Tiruchirappalli City Municipal Corporation for over 20 years, and also served as its chairman for two terms.

Other highlights in his political career include the membership of the Madras Presidency Legislative Council from 1930–36, and a stint in 1937 as the Public Works Minister under the leadership of K. Venkata Reddy Naidu.

He was personally close to Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, K.A.P. Viswnatham, P.T. Rajan and Sir A.T. Panneerselvam, with political affiliations obviously no impediment to their friendship.

P. Khalifullah was openly supportive of Periyar’s Self-Respect movement, though not of its atheist tenets.

He was a vocal opponent of the introduction of compulsory Hindi lessons in the south, and with Periyar, flagged off the 100 Anti-Hindi Volunteers march in 1938. Later on, though, he dissociated himself from the demand for a separate ‘Dravida Nadu’ by the Dravidian Movement as also Mohamed Ali Jinnah’s move for partition.

{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} He belonged to the [[All-India Muslim League]] and was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Madras Legislative Assembly]] from [[Tiruchirappalli]] in the [[1937 Madras Presidency legislative assembly election|1937 elections]]. He was sympathetic to the cause of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] (Periyar) and his [[Self-Respect Movement]]. In 1937, he spoke against the introduction of compulsory Hindi classes in the Madras legislature and later participated in the [[Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937-40|anti-Hindi agitation]] started by Periyar. He was a lawyer by profession and was known by his honorifics as ''Khan Bahadur P. Khalifulla Sahib Bahadur''. He was also a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] during the early 1930s.<ref>{{cite book | first=J.B.P| last=More| year=1997| title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamil Nadu and Madras 1930–1947 | publisher=[[Orient Longman|Orient Blackswan]]| isbn= 978-81-250-1192-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDht7OyOjXMC| pages= 140–151|oclc=37770527}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir, 1968}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian geographical journal , Volumes 7-8|year=1933|pages=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5ktAAAAMAAJ&q=p+khalifullah}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Khursheed Kamal Aziz|title=Public life in Muslim India, 1850-1947|year=1992|publisher=Vanguard|isbn=978-969-402-119-5|pages=283|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69K1AAAAIAAJ&q=p+khalifullah}}</ref> He was the Dewan of Pudukottai after his withdrawal from political work.{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalifullah, P.}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu ministers]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1888 births]]

Alexander Tottenham

2022-01-09T10:40:58Z

2409:4072:6C15:8042:B450:6FEE:FE0C:5152:

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Sir
| name = Alexander Robert Loftus Tottenham
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| imagesize =250px
| smallimage =
| caption =
| office1 = [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] of [[Pudukkottai]]
| term_start1 = 1934
| term_end1 = 1946
| monarch1 = [[Rajagopala Tondaiman]]
| predecessor1 = [[B. G. Holdsworth]]
| successor1 = [[C. P. Karunakara Menon]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1873|7|31|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1946|12|13|1873|07|31|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Pudukkottai]], [[British India]]
| nationality =
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| occupation =[[civil servant]]
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}}

'''Sir Alexander Robert Loftus Tottenham''' <small>[[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]</small> (31 July 1873 – 13 December 1946) was a British civil servant and administrator who served as the [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] of [[Pudukkottai state]] from 1934 to 1944.

== Early life ==

Alexander Tottenham was born to British naval officer John Francis Tottenham and his wife Laura Ellen Dodd Janverin on 31 July 1873.<ref name="burkespeeragep1325">{{cite book|title=Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage|place=U.S.A.|volume=1|page=1325}}</ref> Alexander graduated from [[Clifton College, Bristol]]<ref>"Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p137: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948</ref> and did his post-graduation from [[Queen's College, Oxford]].<ref name="burkespeeragep1325" />

== Career ==

Alexander passed the 1896 [[Indian Civil Service]] examinations and arrived in [[India]] on 5 December 1897<ref name="indialistp549">{{cite book|title=The India office and Burma office list|page=549|publisher=Harrison and Sons| location=London|year=1903}}</ref> where he served as District Collector and Assistant Magistrate in the [[Madras Presidency]]. From 1923 to 1932, he was as a member of [[India]]'s Central Board of Revenue.<ref name="woodruff">{{cite book|title=The Men Who Ruled India|volume=2|first=Philip|last=Woodruff|chapter=The Guardians|pages=221–225|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=1954}}</ref> Alexander retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1933 at the age of sixty.<ref name="woodruff" />

== Pudukkottai ==

In 1934, Tottenham was appointed Diwan of [[Pudukkottai state|Pudukkottai]] and he served until his death in 1946. Tottenham is regarded as one of the best administrators of Pudukkottai and promoted arts and industry.<ref name="menonp293">{{cite book|title=The story of the integration of the Indian States|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12887|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12887/page/n310 293]|first=Vapal Pangunni|last=Menon|publisher=[[Orient Longman]]|year=1961}}</ref> A portrait of Alexander Tottenham hangs in the [[Government Museum, Thirukokarnam]].<ref name="chandrasekharp73">{{cite book|title=Guide to the principal exhibits in the Government Museum, Pudukkottai|first=M. S.|last=Chandrasekhar|publisher=Director of Stationery and Print|year=1996|page=73}}</ref>

== Notes ==

{{Reflist|2}}

== Biographies ==

* {{cite book|title=Sir Alexander Tottenham|first=Krishnaswami|last=Nagarajan|publisher=N. Ramachandran|year=1992}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tottenham, Alexander}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Clifton College]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Pudukkottai state]]

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P. Kalifulla

Alexander Tottenham