Sudalai Madan

2023-01-27T05:59:25Z

2409:4072:6487:277E:6017:8029:3A46:C2D8:

{{Short description|Hindu village deity}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Sudalaimadan.jpg
| god_of = Cremation grounds
| name = Sudalai Madan
| abode = Cremation grounds, chariot streets, temple towers
| siblings = [[Vinayaka]], [[Murugan]]
| affiliation = [[Shaivism]], [[Dravidian folk religion]]
| weapon = [[Chakram|Chakra]] (discus), [[Shankha]] (conch shell), [[Trishula]] (trident), [[Gada (mace)]], Bow and Arrow, [[Khanda (sword)]] and Shield, [[Ghanta]] (bell) Vallayam (Spear)
| mount = [[Horse]]
| festivals = Thiruvila, [[Chithirai festival]], Padukaii, [[Parai]], Karakaattam, Maguda Kacherii, [[Villu Paatu]] , [[Koothu]], Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri)
| consort = Madathi
| caption = Idols of Sudalai Madan and his consort
}}

[[File:Sudalaimadan.jpg|thumb|sudalai madan]]
'''Sudalai Madan''' (IAST: {{IAST|Cutalai Mādan}}) {{Literal translation|cremation ground chief}} is a rural [[Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian folk tradition]] deity worshipped predominantly in [[South India]], particularly in the districts of [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]], [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]], [[Tenkasi district|Tenkasi]], [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]. He is considered by adherents to be a son of [[Shiva]] and [[Parvati]]. He seems to have originated in some ancestral guardian spirit of the villages or communities in [[Tamil Nadu]], in a similar manner as [[Aiyanar|Ayyanar]]. He is regarded as a [[Village deities of South India|kaval deivam]] (guardian deity) who protects people against evil forces. Sudalai Madan is also called Madan thampuran, Chudala madan, or simply as Madan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=C |first=Maadhava Anusuyaa |title=HISTORY AND IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF MYTHS SURROUNDING SUDALAI MADAN |url=https://www.academia.edu/13909478}}</ref>

The deity Shiva is said to have created him and given him the name Sudalai Madan as the protector against evil forces, emanating from cemeteries and [[Shmashana|cremation grounds]] (''sudalai''). He is usually found with mother goddess [[Periyachi|Pechiamman]], Brahmasakthi Amman, and Sudalai Mundan. Madathi is his consort.

Sudalai is the guardian of the ''kodimaram'' (flagstaff) in several temples.

== Legend ==
The tale of Sudalai Madan originate from the [[Dravidian folk religion|Dravidian folk tradition]] of South India. The goddess [[Parvati]] wishes to have a child; her husband [[Shiva]] suggests that she perform [[Tapas (Indian religions)|austerities]] to gain the same. Accordingly, Parvati pleases Shiva by her penance at the Ayiramkal Mandapam at [[Mount Kailash|Kailasha]], the celestial abode of Shiva. He plucks a lock of hair, which started to burn as soon as he throws it. The fire spreads to her {{transl|hi|mundanai}} (a part of the ''[[sari]]''). From the fire, Sudalai Madan is born.

Parvati initially feeds the child with ''[[amrita]]'' (the nectar of immortality) instead of breast milk, making him immortal. The child desires solid food. He goes to the cremation grounds (''sudalai'') on Kailasha, and begins to eat the burning corpses. Since he had such a fondness for meat, Shiva instructs him to go to earth and protect humans. Offerings of cooked food and drink are expected be offered to him, seeking his favour.
[[File:Sudalai Eswarar maramangalam.jpg|thumb|sudalai madan]]
[[File:Maramangalam Sudalai Eswarar thirukovil.jpg|thumb|sudalai madan ]]
[[File:Maramangalam Sudalai Eswarar.jpg|thumb|sudalai madan]]
[[File:Sudalai Madan.jpg|thumb|Sudalai Madan]]
[[File:SudalaiMadan.jpg|thumb|Sudalai Madan]]

==Worship==
[[File:Sudalai Madan Thampuran Devasthanam.jpg|thumb|Idol of Madan]]The worship of this deity is primarily identified to be performed by members belonging to the lower classes of Hindu society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickey |first=Sara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VNR2DAAAQBAJ&dq=sudalai+madan+god+cremation&pg=PA203 |title=Living Class in Urban India |date=2016-07-14 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-8394-5 |pages=203 |language=en}}</ref> Often, Sudalai Madan statues are triangular pillar-like structures. Figured statues are stone carved. He is situated either in the open or under a simple roof.

Sudalai is still venerated with customs that predate the [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] religion or his syncretism with [[Shaivism]], regarded as the rituals of the Dravidian folk religion. The devotees serve him non-vegetarian foods, which is against mainstream Hindu tradition. Goats, chickens, and pigs are sacrificed and served to him. Fridays are prescribed for his worship. His main festivals are conducted annually. These festivals are called "Kodai". Kodai is celebrated for one day to many days according to the devotees's needs. Some famous temples celebrate it for 10 days.

On these occasions, the deities are decorated with flowers. Some people are believed to become possessed and devotees talk to the deity through them. This deity is believed hunting in the cemetery through this spiritually possessed person. Thappattai beats, Kaniyan Koothu (Maguda Kacheri) and Villupattu are the main performances of Sudalai Madan Kodai festival.

== Temples ==
Temples of Sudalai Madan include:
Umarikadu sri Athankarai keela kovil umarikadu umarikadu tuticorin district
*Arulmigu Mottagalunga Swamy tirukovil, (அருள்மிகு மொட்டகலுங்க சுவாமி திருக்கோயில்) Avudaiyannor, Tenkasi(dt)
*Aatrangarai Sudalai madan ,Ilanji ,Tenkasi
*Seevalaperi sudalai madan
*Kayathar sudalai madasamy kovil
*Arulmigu Shri Sudalai Eswarar Thirukovil, Maramangalam, Thoothukudi.(மாரமங்கலம் அருள்மிகு ஸ்ரீ சுடலை ஈஸ்வரர் திருக்கோவில்)
* Sri Karayadi Sudalai Madaswamy, Pechiamman Temple, [[Sathankulam]]
* மயிலாடும்பாறை சுடலை ஆண்டவர் ஆலயம், முதலைக்குளம், திருநெல்வேலி
* Otha Panai Sudalai Madan Swami Temple, Sirumalanchi
* High Court Maharaja Temple, Arumuga Mangalam, Thoothukudi
* Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Eswarar Temple, pallapalayam, udumalpet
* Vijayanarayanapuram
* Oosikattu/Ooikattu Sudalai Madan Temple
* Palavur, Arulmigu Sudalai Kovil
* Ozhuginaseri Masana Sudalai Temple
*Kurichi Sudalai Madan Temple, Suchindrum
* Maha SivaSudalai Temple, Colachel and the entire region of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari district
* Vaigai Sri Sudalaimadasami Temple, Kilakkarai (Ramnanathapuram District)
* PUDUPATI ARULMIGU PERIYA OORANI SUDALAI (Alangulam Tirunelveli District)
* Sudalai Madan Temple in Gopalasumdram
* SullaKarai Sudalai Madaswamy Andipatti, Alangulam, Tirunelveli District
* Arulmigu Sri Sudalai Mada Swami Temple, Irulappapuram, Kanyakumari District
* Adukkupeeda Sudalai Madaswamy, Sinthamani, Tirunelveli District
* Arulmigu Valli Vaikkal Sudali Madan Swamy Temple, Arumuganeri, Thoothukudi District
* Arulmigu Poonankundru Siva Sudalai Madaswamy kovil, Therkusalai, Agastheeswaram, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
* Sri Sudalai Madanthambiran Swamy Temple, Navalady, Tirunelveli district.
* Arulmigu kalathu kovil Sudalai madan swamy kovil, Vellamadam, Kanyakumari.
*Arulmigu Athiadi Sudalaimadan kovil, athiputhur, Tirunelveli Dt.
*Sudalai Kovil, Palazvur, Tirunelveli
*Madan Kovil,

==Outside India==
Madan is popular amongst the [[Tamil diaspora]] in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Réunion]] and [[France|French]] overseas territories in the [[Caribbean]] sea.
==References==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080320050247/http://www.iccsus.org/IstConf/111.html Sudalai Madan amongst Indian origin Tamils]
* [http://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Surveys/surv_deities.htm South Indian Deities And Their Relative Following in Tamil Nadu]
* [http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=05&filename=8711&filetype=html Secularism and Religious Violence in Contemporary India]

{{HinduMythology}}..

[[Category:Tamil deities]]
[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]

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Sudalai Madan