Punnaikayal

2021-12-02T06:27:35Z

2409:4072:6292:1484:C536:2206:4933:2007: Add historical World Record Information

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Punnaikkayal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|37|56|N|78|6|43|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| established_title = 
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| population_density_km2 = auto
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| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
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}}
'''Punnaikkayal''' (called '''Punicale''' by the Portuguese), is a harbour city in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

Punnaikkayal seems to have been the main Portuguese possession on the southern Coast of India for a period of 50 years after their arrival from 1551, when they established 2 hospitals, a seminary, and the next year a mud fort.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA72 ''A political and general history of the district of Tinnevelly'' Robert Caldwell p.72]</ref>

The first Tamil Printing press was set up at Punnaikkayal in 1579. The Tamil Types had been made by Fr. Joam de Faria. Fr. [[Henrique Henriques]] himself composed the following books in Tamil: ''Thambiran Vanakkam'', ''Kiriiciththiyaani valvakkam'', ''Confessionario'' (in Tamil: Kompeciyoonaayaru), and the ''[[Flos Sanctorum]]'' in Tamil, whose title has not come down to us, though we have the whole book.

Punnaikkayal was the site of an [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] attack against the Portuguese possessions of the coast of India in 1553. The Ottomans raided the [[Pearl Fishery Coast]] of South India around [[Tuticorin]], where the Portuguese were attempted to establish trade. They were assisted by the [[Marakkar]] [[Muslims]] of [[Zamorin|Malabar]], and had the tacit agreement of [[Vittula Nayak]] of [[Madurai]].<ref name="Malekandathil 117">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rN69iFj1PJoC&pg=PA117 ''Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean'' by Pius Malekandathil p.117]</ref> 52 Portuguese were captured at Punnaikayal, and churches burnt down.<ref name="Malekandathil 117"/>

[[Henrique Henriques]] died at Punnaikkayal in 1600.

Historical World Record of Being The First Dedicated Tamil Printing Press in the world, build in Punnaikkayal by Rev. Fr. Henrique Henriques (1520-1600) of the Jesuit Missionaries (aka. Society of Jesus) in the 16th Century and to print the book titled "Flos Sanctorum" (Adiyar Varalaaru) in Tamil language in 1586, as Universel Achievers book of Records ISO Official world record certification organization Confirmed on 18th November, 2021.

'''Notable People from Punnaikkayal'''

Bishop [[Francis Tiburtius Roche]]

==See also==
* [[Paravar]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Thoothukudi district]]

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Punnaikayal