North Karnataka

2021-08-29T02:24:11Z

2409:4072:620E:CE5E:3129:709C:ED61:5212:

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = North Karnataka
| image_skyline = Distance from major cities to North Karnataka.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| established_title = [[Belagavi Division]]
| established_date = [[Bagalkot district]], [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur district]], [[Gadag district]], [[Dharwad district]], [[Haveri district]] , [[Belagavi district]], [[Uttara Kannada district]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| parts_type = [[Gulbarga division]]
| parts = [[Bellary district]], [[Bidar district]], [[Gulbarga district]], [[Koppal district]], [[Raichur district]], [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagar district]] [[Yadgir district]]
| government_type = Zilla Panchayat
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Commissioner]]
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 88361
| area_rank = 1st:[[Karnataka]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 500
| population_total = 24571229
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 2nd:[[Karnataka]]
| population_demonym = Null
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = KA
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest City
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Hubli]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011 |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>
| coordinates = {{coord|16|76|region:IN-KA_dim:500000|display=inline,title}}
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 960 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank3_info_sec1 = 70%|
}}

'''North Karnataka''' (officialy known as '''Karu Nadu''') is a geographical region in [[Deccan plateau]] from {{convert|300|to|730|m|ft}} elevation that constitutes the region of the [[Karnataka]] state in [[India]]. It is drained by the [[Krishna River]] and its tributaries the [[Bhima River|Bhima]], [[Ghataprabha River|Ghataprabha]], [[Malaprabha River|Malaprabha]], and [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]]. North Karnataka lies within the [[Deccan thorn scrub forests]] [[List of ecoregions in India|ecoregion]], which extends north into eastern [[Maharashtra]]. Most parts of the region has black fertile soil ideal for agriculture.
[[File:North karnatakaUPLOAD.jpg|thumbnail|Map of North Karnataka|right|240x240px]]

It includes the districts of [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]], [[Vijayapura district, Karnataka|Vijayapura]], [[Bagalkot District|Bagalkot]], [[Bidar District|Bidar]], [[Bellary District|Bellary]], [[Gulbarga District|Gulbarga]], [[Yadgir District|Yadgir]], [[Raichur District|Raichur]], [[Gadag district|Gadag]], [[Dharwad District|Dharwad]], [[Haveri District|Haveri]], [[Koppal District|Koppal]] and [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagar]]
District

Major cities and towns in the region are [[Bagalkot]], [[Belagavi]], [[Bellary]], [[Bidar]], [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Vijayapura]], [[Dharwad]], [[Gadag]], [[Gangavati]], [[Gokak]], [[Gulbarga]], [[Haveri]], [[Hospet]], [[Ilkal]], [[Karwar]], [[Koppal]], [[Raichur]], [[Sindhanur]], [[Hubli]], [[Ranebennur]], [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]].
The region is a mixture of [[Tropical savanna climate]] and [[Semi-arid]] climate. The region experiences moderate to heavy rainfall during [[rainy season]] that stretches from June to September. Summers are hot with sparse rains and temperature typically varying from 22 °C to 39 °C. Temperature may reach up to 44 °C in the eastern parts of the region especially in Raichur and Bellary districts. Winters are generally dry and cool with temperature typically varying from 8 °C to 25 °C. The lowest recorded temperature in entire Karnataka was 2.8 °C (37.04 °F) at [[Bidar]] on 16 December 1918. [[Belgaum]] district is quite big and the western parts of district which are adjacent to [[Uttara Kannada]] district, like [[Londa, Karnataka]] and [[Khanapur]], have an almost highland [[Tropical climate]]. The stretch from Londa to [[Alnavar]] has some of the most dense jungles on the Western coastal belt of India.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} They are part of the [[Western Ghats]] and their foothills which are now protected under National Wildlife laws.

Certain parts of the region are well irrigated by many largest multipurpose projects like [[Upper Krishna Irrigation Project]] that includes [[Basava Sagar Dam|Basava Sagara]] and [[Almatti Dam]]s, [[Tungabhadra Dam]] and many major and minor lift irrigation projects.

Notable difference from the regions of [[Mysore State|Old Mysore]], [[Coastal Karnataka]] and Central Karnataka in terms of language, cuisine and culture, the region is well known for its contributions to the literature, arts, architecture, economy and politics of [[Karnataka]].

==Transport==

=== Train ===
* All the major cities of north Karnataka are connected by rail network.
* Hubli is a main junction and the headquarter of [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]] (SWR).

=== Bus ===
* [[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]] NWKRTC, serves the north western part of Karnataka, with headquarters at Hubballi
* [[North Eastern Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]] NEKRTC, serves the north eastern part of Karnataka, with headquarters at Kalburgi
* All the cities of the region are connected to [[Bengaluru]], major cities of Karnataka and other states, by both government and private buses

=== Air ===
Airports in the region are
* [[Belgaum Airport]]
* [[Hubli Airport]]
* [[Jindal Vijaynagar Airport]]
* [[Bidar Airport]]
* [[Gulbarga Airport]]

==Airlines and destinations==
{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle={{Abbr|Refs.|References}}|3rdcolunsortable=yes
|[[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]] |[[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Pune Airport|Pune]]|
|[[SpiceJet]]|[[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Mangalore International Airport (India)|Mangalore]], [[Jabalpur Airport|Jabalpur]] |
|[[Star Air (India)|Star Air]]|[[Kempegowda International Airport|Bangalore]], [[Ahmedabad Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Mumbai Airport|Mumbai]]|
|[[Trujet]] |[[Mysore Airport|Mysore]]
(begins 27 October)|
}}

Belgaum Airport {{airport codes|IXG|VOBM}} is an airport in [[Belgaum]], a city in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. Built in 1942 by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Belgaum Airport is the oldest airport in North Karnataka. The RAF used the airport as a training site during World War II, providing support to the South East Asia Command. Because of its location in the village of [[Sambra]], {{convert|10|km}} east of Belgaum, the airport is also known as the Sambra airport. The new terminal building was inaugurated by Civil aviation minister [[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]] on 14 September 2017.<ref name="BS1">{{cite web | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/upgraded-Belgaum-airport-inaugurated-117091401645_1.html | title=Upgraded Belgaum airport inaugurated| work=[[Business Standard]] | date=14 September 2017 | access-date=18 October 2017}}</ref> The airport is also home to an [[Indian Air Force]] station at which new recruits to the military receive basic training.

Hubli Airport {{airport codes|HBX|VOHB}}, also known as Hubballi Airport is a domestic airport serving the twin cities of [[Hubli]] and [[Dharwad]] in the state of [[Karnataka]], India. It is situated on Gokul Road, 8 kilometres from Hubli and {{Convert|20|km|}} from Dharwad. Since 2018, it has become the third busiest airport in Karnataka. The airline from Hubli is well connected with [[Bangalore]], [[Mumbai]], [[Ahmedabad]] and [[Hyderabad]]. Hubli airport will be upgraded to international airport. Around 700 acres of land acquisition is under process and 245 crores have been already released for acquisition.<ref>[https://www.skyscanner.co.in/airports/hbx/hubli-airport.html]. Hubli airport to be upgraded to international.</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2021|reason=source is a travel company site}}

== History of North Karnataka {{anchor|History of North Karnataka}} ==
[[File:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|right|200px|Center of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern [[Karnataka]], India]]
{{Main article|History of Karnataka|Timeline of Karnataka|Carnatic region#Geographic location}}

=== Prehistoric period {{anchor|Pre-historic period of North Karnataka}} ===
{{main article|Hirebenkal|Sidlaphadi|Sanganakallu|Khyad|Kupgal petroglyphs|Kallur archaeological site|Hallur, Haveri|Morera Thatte}}
North Karnataka's history<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp
|title = Handbook of Karnataka, History
|access-date = 11 August 2008
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207050740/http://gazetteer.kar.nic.in/get_chap.asp
|archive-date = 7 December 2008
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2201/stories/20050114000106500.htm
|title=The Chalukyan magnificence
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> and culture date back to prehistoric times. The earliest [[Stone Age]] find in India was a hand ax at [[Lingasugur]], in Raichur district. Sangankal Hills in the Bellary district, which is known as the earliest village settlement of South India,<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/18/stories/2009021852280300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108114249/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/18/stories/2009021852280300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=8 November 2012
|title=Ambitious plan for South India's oldest village
|access-date=11 August 2008
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2009-02-18
|location=Chennai, India
}}</ref> dates back to the [[Neolithic]] period. [[History of ferrous metallurgy|Iron]] weapons from 1200 BC, found at Hallur in [[Dharwad district]], demonstrate that North Karnataka used iron earlier than northern India.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.karnataka.com/history
|title=History of Karnataka
|access-date=14 June 2011
}}</ref>
Prehistoric sites in North Karnataka include rock shelters in Bellary, Raichur and Koppal districts with red paintings<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldstonex.com/en/InfoItem.asp?ICat=2&ArticleID=275
|title=Granite in The Service of Man - Through The Ages
|access-date=27 October 2010
}}</ref> which include figures of wild animals. The paintings are done in such a way that the walls of caves are not facing northwest, so the northwest monsoon does not affect them. These rock shelters are found at Kurgod, Hampi in [[Bellary district]] and [[Hirebenkal|Hire Benakal]], near [[Gangavati]] in the [[Koppal district]]. Burial chambers using granite slabs (known as [[dolmen]]s) are also found; the best examples are the dolmens of Hire Benakal and Kumati in Hadagali Taluk.

Vibhuthihalli at Shahapur Taluk in the Yadgir district, an [[Archaeological Survey of India]] ancient astronomy site, was created with [[megalith]]ic stones. The stones, arranged in a square pattern with astronomical significance,<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-20/hubli/28379400_1_ancient-monument-asi-stones
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826003230/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-20/hubli/28379400_1_ancient-monument-asi-stones
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=26 August 2012
|title=ASI begins work to protect ancient monument
|access-date=14 June 2011
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|date=20 January 2011
}}</ref> cover an area of {{convert|12|acre|ha}}. [[Ashoka]]'s stone edicts, found in the state, indicate that major parts of Northern Karnataka were under the [[Mauryas]]. Many dynasties left their imprint upon the development of North Karnatakan art, among them the [[Chalukyas]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] and the [[Western Chalukya]]s. The inscriptions related to [[Chutu dynasty]] are the oldest documents found in North Karnataka.

{{Related articles|Kanaganahalli|Sannati|Maski}}

===Ancient===
* [[Kishkindha]]
* [[Karnata Kingdom]]
* [[Mauryas]]
* [[Satavahana dynasty|Shatavahana dynasty]] (until early third century CE)[https://www.academia.edu/4159053/Historical_Analysis_of_the_Satavahana_Era_A_Study_of_Coins_PhD_Thesis_-_Chapter_5]
* [[Chutus]] of [[Banavasi]] ([[vassal]] to the [[Satavahanas]])
* Kurus of Belgaum of 30 BC-65/70 AD.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.elsen.eu/index.aspx?tabindex=18&tabid=66&productid=225146&directoryid=+4513&ctrl=offerdetails
|title=Kuras of Kolhapur and Belgaum, Vasisthiputra Kura
|access-date=26 August 2013
}}</ref>

===Chalukyas===
{{Main article|Chalukya dynasty|Western Chalukya Empire}}

[[File:Badami-chalukya-empire-map.svg|thumb|right|200px|Extent of the Badami Chalukya Empire, 636–740 CE|alt=Map of Badami Chalukya empire around 700 AD]]
[[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]] rule is important in the development of architecture known as ''Karnata Dravida''. Hundreds of monuments built by the Chalukyas are found in the Malaprabha river basin (mainly in Aihole, Badami, Pattadakal and [[Mahakuta]], in Karnataka). They ruled an empire extending from the [[Kaveri river|Kaveri]] in the south to the [[Narmada river|Narmada]] in the north. The Badami Chalukya dynasty was established by [[Pulakeshin I]] in 543; Vatapi (Badami) was the capital.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/chalukya/index.htm
|title=Chalukyas of Badami
|access-date=27 October 2010
}}</ref> [[Pulakeshin II]] was a popular emperor of the Badami Chalukya dynasty. He defeated [[Harshavardhana]] on the banks of the [[Narmada river]], and defeated Vishnukundins in the south. [[Vikramaditya I]], known as ''Rajamalla'' and for building temples, engraved a [[Kannada]] inscription on the victory pillar at the Kailasanatha Temple. [[Kirtivarman II]] was the last Badami Chalukya king, overthrown in 753 by the Rashtrakuta King [[Dantidurga]].
[[File:Western-chalukya-empire-map.svg|thumb|left|200px|Extent of the Western Chalukya Empire, 1121 CE|alt= Map of Western Chalukya empire in the 12th century AD]]

The Western Chalukya dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukyas'', after its regal capital at [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] (today's [[Basavakalyan]] in Karnataka) or the ''Later Chalukya'' from its theoretical relationship to the sixth-century Badami Chalukyas. The Western Chalukyas ({{lang-kn|ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ}}) developed an architectural style (also called ''Gadag'' style) known today as a transitional style, an architectural link between the early Chalukya Dynasty<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/ips/misc/chalukya.html
|title=Chalukya Dynasty
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> and the later [[Hoysala empire]]. The Chalukyas built some of the earliest Hindu temples in India. The best-known examples are the [[Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)]] in the Koppal District; the [[Kasivisvesvara Temple]] at Lakkundi in the [[Gadag District]] and the Mallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatti and the Kallesvara Temple at [[Bagali]], both in the [[Davangere District]]. Monuments notable for craftsmanship are the [[Siddhesvara Temple]] at [[Haveri]] in the [[Haveri District]], the Amrutesvara Temple at [[Annigeri]] in the Dharwad District, the Sarasvati Temple in Gadag, and the [[Dodda Basappa Temple]] at [[Dambal]] (both in the Gadag district). Aihole was an experimental base for architectural creation.

Badami Chalukyas and Kalyana chalukyas also known as ([[Solapur district#Ancient|Kuntaleshvaras]]).

===Kadambas===
{{Main article|Kadamba Dynasty}}
[[File:Indian Kadamba Empire map.svg|thumb|right|200px|Extent of Kadamba Empire, 500 CE|alt=Map of Kadamba Empire in 500 AD]]

The Kadambas ({{lang-kn|ಕದಂಬರು}}) were an ancient dynasty of South India who primarily ruled the region which is the present-day [[Goa state]] and the nearby [[Konkan]] region (part of modern [[Maharashtra]] and Karnataka state). The early rulers of this dynasty
established themselves at Vaijayanti (or [[Banavasi]]) in 345 AD and ruled for more than two centuries. In 607, the Chalukyas of Vatapi sacked Banavasi, and the Kadamba kingdom was incorporated into the expanding Chalukyan empire. In the eighth century, the Chalukyas were overthrown by the [[Rashtrakutas]], who ruled until the 10th century. In 980, descendants of the Chalukyas and Kadambas revolted against the Rashtrakutas; the Rashtrakuta empire fell, resulting in the establishment of a second Chalukyan dynasty (known as the Western Chalukyas). Chatta Deva, a member of the Kadamba family who helped the Western Chalukyas in this coup, re-established the Kadamba dynasty. He was primarily a vassal of the Western Chalukyas, but his successors enjoyed considerable independence and were well-placed in Goa and Konkan until the 14th century. The successors of Chatta Deva occupied both Banavasi and [[Hangal]], and are known as the Kadambas of Hangal. Later, the Kadambas paid nominal allegiance to the other major powers of the [[Deccan Plateau]] (such as the Yadavas and Hoysalas of Dorasamudra) and maintained their independence. Four families of Kadambas ruled in southern India: the [[Kadamba of Hangal]], [[Kadambas of Goa|Goa]], Belur and Banvasi.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.prabhu.50g.com/southind/kadamba/south_kadambahcat.html
|title=Kadamabas of Hangal
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref>

=== Rashtrakutas {{anchor|Rashtrakuta}} ===
{{Main article|Rashtrakuta Dynasty|Shilahara}}
[[File:Indian Rashtrakuta Empire map.svg|thumb|left|200px|Rashtrakuta empire of Manyakheta (Malkhed, in Gulbarga district), eighth century|alt=Map of eighth-century Rashrakuta empire]]

During the rule of [[Dantidurga]], an empire was built with the Gulbarga region in modern Karnataka as its base. This clan came to be known as the '''Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta''' (Kannada: ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟ), who rose to power in 753.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/rashtrakutas/
|title=Kamat's Potpourri: The Rashrakutas
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka22.htm
|title=OurKarnataka.com: History of Karnataka: The Rashtrakutas
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> During their rule, Jain mathematicians and scholars contributed important works in Kannada and [[Sanskrit]]. [[Amoghavarsha I]] was the best-known king of this dynasty and wrote ''Kavirajamarga'', a landmark Kannada work. Architecture reached a high-water mark in the Dravidian style, the best examples of which are seen in the [[Ellora Kailasanathar Temple|Kailash Temple]] at [[Ellora]], the sculptures of [[Elephanta Caves]] in modern-day Maharashtra and the Kashivishvanatha and the Jain Narayana Temples at Pattadakal in modern North Karnataka (all of which are [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites]]). Scholars agree that the kings of the imperial dynasty in the eighth to tenth century made the Kannada language as important as Sanskrit. Rashtrakuta inscriptions appear in both Kannada and Sanskrit, and the kings encouraged literature in both languages. The earliest existing Kannada literary writings are credited to their court poets and royalty. Kailash Temple is an example of [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] art. This project was started by Krishna I (757–773) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty which ruled from [[Manyakheta]] in modern Karnataka. It is located 40 km from the city of [[Manyakheta]] (modern Malkhed), on the banks of the Kagini River in [[Gulbarga district]].

===Carnatic expansion===
{{Main article|Carnatic expansion}}

===Vijayanagara empire===
{{Main article|Vijayanagara empire|Karnata Empire}}

Vijayanagara<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka47.htm
|title = OurKarnataka.com: History of Karnataka: Vijayanagar Empire
|access-date = 11 August 2008
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081012045138/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka47.htm
|archive-date = 12 October 2008
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hampi.in/history.htm
|title=History of Vijayanagara
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> ([[Karnata Empire]], or Karnataka Empire) is considered the greatest medieval Hindu empire and one of the greatest in the world at that time. It fostered the development of intellectual pursuits and the fine arts. [[Abdur Razzaq (traveller)|Abdur Razzaq]] (the Persian ambassador) said, "The eye of the pupil has never seen a place like it and the ear of intelligence has never been informed that there existed anything to equal it in the world".

===Deccan Sultanates===
The [[Vijayanagara Empire]], with its capital at Hampi, fell victim to the army of the [[Deccan Sultanates]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/decc/hd_decc.htm
|title=Islamic Art of the Deccan
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> in 1565. As a consequence of this, Bijapur became the most important city of the region. It is a land of monuments; perhaps no other city except [[Delhi]] has as many monuments as Bijapur. [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Shahis]] and [[Adil Shahi]]s ([[Bahmani Sultanate]]) of Bijapur have played an important role in the history of Karnataka with their contributions to art and architecture and their propagation of [[Islam]] in the state. The [[Bidar Sultanate]] was part of the [[Deccan sultanates]], which were founded by Qasim Barid.

===Minor dynasties===
* [[Ratta dynasty|Rattas]] of [[Saundatti]] (of [[Belgaum]])
* Guttas of [[Guttal]] ([[Dharwad]] region)
* Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda ([[Banavasi]] province)
* Sindas of [[Yelbarga|Yalaburga]] ([[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]-[[Gulbarga]])
* [[Kadamba of Hangal]]
* Naiks of [[Kanakagiri]]
* [[Shilahara]]

=== Other kingdoms {{anchor|Other prominent kingdoms}} ===
* [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri]], 9th–14th century
* [[Saundatti#History of Rashtrakuta kings|Ratta dynasty]]
* [[Kalachuris of Kalyani]], 12th century
* [[Kampili]], 13th century
* [[Sangama Dynasty]]
* [[Saluva Dynasty]]

===Inscriptions===
[[File:7th century Kannada inscription at Mahakutesvara temple in Mahakuta.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Seventh-century Kannada inscription at [[Mahakuta]] (Mahakutesvara temple)|alt=Old inscriptions on green stone]]

* [[Mahakuta#Inscriptions|Mahakuta Inscriptions]], [[Mahakuta Pillar|Mahakuta Mahakutesvara temple Pillar inscription]]
* [[Aihole#Aihole inscription|Aihole inscription]]
* [[Badami#Inscriptions|Badami inscriptions]]
* [[Kappe Arabhatta|Kappe Arabhatta inscription]]
* [[Mahadeva Temple, Itagi#Inscription in medieval Kannada|Itagi Mahadeva Temple Inscription]]
* [[Lakkundi#Inscriptions|Lakkundi inscriptions]]
* [[Gadag#Gadag inscription|Gadag inscription]]
* [[Halasi#Halasi Inscriptions|Halasi inscriptions]]

{{Related articles | People associated with the study of Kannada inscriptions}}

===North Karnataka historical sites===
{{Main article|List of North Karnataka historical sites}}
{{Historical Places in North Karnataka}}

===Princely states===
The following are the [[princely states]] of [[British India]]:
* [[Mudhol State]]
* [[Sandur State]]
* [[Savanur State]]
* [[Ramdurg State]]
* [[Jamkhandi State]]
* [[Kittur]]
* [[Shorapur]]
* [[Gurgunta]]
* [[Gajendragarh|Gajendragad shivaji fort]]
* [[Hyderabad State|Kannada-speaking Hyderabad State]]
* [[Bombay state|South Kannada-speaking Bombay state]]

===Battles===
* [[Vikramaditya II#Wars against Pallavas|Chalukya Pallava Wars]]
* [[Battle of Talikota]]
* [[Battle of Gajendragad]]
* [[Battle of Raichur]]
* [[Chola–Chalukya wars|Chola-Chalukya wars]]

=== Historic capitals {{anchor|Historical Capital places}} ===
* Palashika ([[Halasi]], or Halsi, or Halshi in [[Belgaum district]]) - [[Halasi#Kadamba dynasty|Kadamba of Halasi]]
* Hanungal, or Panungal ([[Hangal]] in [[Haveri district]]) - [[Hangal#Kadamba of Hangal|Kadambas of Hangal]]
* [[Aihole]] in [[Bagalkot district]] - First capital of [[Badami Chalukyas]]
* Vatapi ([[Badami]] in Bagalkot district) - Badami Chalukyas
* [[Pattadakal]] in Bagalkot district - Briefly third capital of Badami Chalukyas
* [[Bidar district#History|Mayurkhandi]] in [[Bidar district]] - First capital of [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]]
* Manyakheta ([[Malkhed]] in [[Gulbarga district]]) - Rashtrakuta dynasty
* Kalyani ([[Basava Kalyana]] in [[Bidar district]]) - [[Western Chalukyas]]
* Kundal ([[Sangli district#Kundal|Kundal]] village near [[sangli]] in [[Sangli district]]) - Western Chalukyas
* [[Annigeri]] in [[Dharwad district]] - Western Chalukyas (last capital of the Chalukyas)
* [[Sudi]] in [[Gadag district]] - Coin mint and capital of Western Chalukyas
* [[Lakkundi]] in Gadag district - Coin mint of Western Chalukyas
* [[Vijayanagara]] ([[Hampi]] in [[Bellary district]]) - [[Vijayanagara Empire]]
* [[Gulbarga]] - [[Bahamani Sultanate]]
* [[Bidar]] - Bahamani Sultanate
* [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] - [[Adil Shahi dynasty]] (Bijapur Sultanate)

=== {{anchor|Style of architecture}}Architectural styles ===
{{Main article|Architecture of Karnataka}}
[[File:Gadag Trikuteshwara temple complex 3.JPG|thumb|left|200px| [[Trikuteshwara]] temple complex at [[Gadag-Betageri]], North Karnataka|alt=Brown, one-story temple porch with pillars]]
North Karnataka has contributed to various styles of [[Indian Architecture]] during the rule of the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]], [[Badami Chalukyas]], [[Western Chalukya]], [[Rashtrakuta]] and [[Vijayanagara empire]]s:
* [[Vesara|Vesara style]]
* [[Badami Chalukya architecture]]
* [[Western Chalukya architecture|Gadag style of architecture]]
* [[Architecture of Karnataka#Dravidian and Rekhanagara style of architecture of Rashtrakutas|Rashtrakutas style of architecture]]
* [[Vijayanagara Architecture]]
* [[Kadamba architecture]]
* Bijapur style
* [[Keladi Nayaka#Architecture|Keladi Nayaka style]]

===History of Kannada language===

{{Main article|Linguistic history of India#Origins of Kannada|Nannayya#Political Reason|John Faithfull Fleet}}

[[Kannada]] is one of the oldest [[Dravidian languages]], with an age of at least 2,000 years. The spoken language is said to have separated from its proto-Dravidian source later than Tamil, and at about the same time as [[Tulu language|Tulu]]. However, the archaeological evidence indicates a written tradition for this language of around 1,500–1,600 years. The initial development of Kannada is similar to that of other Dravidian languages and independent of [[Sanskrit]]. In later centuries, Kannada has been greatly influenced by Sanskrit in vocabulary, grammar and literary style.

As for the [[Dravidian race]], the ''Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary'' lists for the Sanskrit word ''draviḍa'' a meaning of a "collective name for Karnatakas, Gurjaras, Kannadigas and Mahārāstras".<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://webapps.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche
|title = Dravidian languages, Kannada
|access-date = 11 August 2008
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080810140955/http://webapps.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/tamil/recherche
|archive-date = 10 August 2008
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> North Karnataka has its own [[Dialects of Kannada Language|dialect of Kannada]].

* [[Old Kannada literature]]
* [[Kadamba script]], [[Halegannada]]
* [[Chalukya dynasty#Literature|Chalukya Literature]]
* [[Kannada literature in the Western Chalukya Empire]]
* [[Rashtrakuta literature]], [[Asaga]], [[Amoghavarsha I]], [[Kavirajamarga]]
* [[Extinct Kannada literature]]
* [[Kappe Arabhatta|Kappe Arabhatta inscription at Badami]]
* [[Adikavi Pampa]], [[Sri Ponna]], [[Ranna (Kannada poet)|Ranna]]
* [[Medieval Kannada literature]]
* [[Kannada literature in Vijayanagara empire]]
* [[Vachana sahitya]], [[Basavanna]], [[Akka Mahadevi]]
* [[Kumaravyasa]], [[Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari]] ([[Mahabharata]] in [[Kannada]])

===Unification of Karnataka===
{{Main article |Unification of Karnataka}}
* [[Unification of Karnataka#The role of North Karnataka|The role of North Karnataka in Unification of Karnataka]]
* [[Unification of Karnataka#The Vidyavardhaka Sangha and other organisations|Unification of Karnataka and Vidyavardhaka Sangha]]
* [[Unification of Karnataka#Aluru Venkata Rao|Unification of Karnataka and Aluru Venkata Rao]]
* [[Unification of Karnataka#The Belgaum Conference of 1924|The Belgaum Conference of 1924]]
* [[Unification of Karnataka#Liberation of Hyderabad-Karnataka|Liberation of Kalyana Karnataka (Hyderabad-Karnataka)]]
{{Related articles|Hyderabad-Karnataka Liberation Day}}

{{See also|Carnatic region}}

==Festivals==
In Kannada ''utsava'' means "festival".
The following are festivals celebrated in North Karnataka sponsored by Govt of Karnataka
* Gadag Utsava
* [[Chalukya]] Utsava
* [[Pattadakal]] Utsava
* [[Hampi]] Utsava
* [[Lakkundi]] Utsava
* [[Kittur]] Utsava
* [[Bidar]] Utsava
* [[Dharwad]] Utsava
* [[Kanakagiri]] Utsava
* Navaraspur Utsava at ([[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]])
* Sawai Gandharva Festival at [[Kundgol]]
* Vishwa Kannada Sammelana held at [[Belagavi]]

==Tourism==
{{Main article|Tourism in Karnataka|l1=Tourism in North Karnataka}}
[[File:Hampi-Old-And-New.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Hampi, in Bellary district|alt=Aerial photo of triangular temple and surrounding buildings]]

;Temples of North Karnataka
The [[temples of North Karnataka]] may be categorised as historical or modern.

;{{anchor|World heritage sites}}World Heritage Sites
* '''Hampi''':<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/241
|title=Group of Monuments at Hampi - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> Near [[Hospet]] in [[Bellary district]]
* '''[[Pattadakal]]''':<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/239
|title=Group of Monuments at Pattadakal - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
|access-date=11 August 2008
}}</ref> Near [[Badami]] in [[Bagalkot district]]

;National park and sanctuaries in North Karnataka
* [[Anshi National Park]]
* [[Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary]]
* [[Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary]]
* [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Bonal Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Ghataprabha#Bird Sanctuary|Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Attiveri Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Magadi Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Gudavi Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Yedahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, Mudhol- Bilagi]]
Utsav Rock Garden is a sculptural Garden located near NH-4 Pune-Bangalore road, Gotagodi Village, Shiggaon Taluk, Haveri District, Karnataka. Utsav Rock Garden is an sculptural garden representing contemporary art and rural culture. A typical village is created where men and women are involved in their daily household activities. A unique picnic spot which delights common people, educated and intellectuals. There are more than 1000 sculptures in the garden of different sizes. It is an anthropological museum. It represents traditional farming, crafts, folklore, cattle herding and sheep rearing.

==Notable people of North Karnataka==
{{Main article|Notable people of North Karnataka }}

==Universities and other educational institutions==
* KSRDPR University Gadag
* [[Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad]]
* [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] [[Belgaum|Belagavi]]
* [[Indian Institute of Information Technology]], Hubli-Dharwad (IIIT-HD)<ref>{{cite web |title=IIIT Hubli|url=http://www.iiitbhubli.in/ |website=www.iiitbhubli.in |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum]]
* [[Karnataka State Law University]]
* [[Central University of Karnataka]], Gulbarga
* [[Karnatak University]], Dharwad
* [[Kannada University]], Hampi
* [[Gulbarga University]], Gulbarga
* [[Karnataka State Women University]], Bijapur
* [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad|University of Agricultural Sciences]], Dharwad
* [[Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University]], Bidar
* [[Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences]], Hubli
* [[B.V.B. College of Engineering and Technology]], Hubli
* [[Basaveshwar Engineering College]], Bagalkot
* [[S.D.M College of Engineering & Technology]], Dharwad. [http://www.sdmcet.ac.in/]
* [[Karnatak Science College]] Dharwad
* [[Karnatak College, Dharwar]]
* [[Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences]] [[Bellary]]
* [[SDM college of Dental Sciences]] [[Dharwad]]
* [[Sainik School Bijapur]]
* [[S Nijalingappa Medical College, HSK (Hanagal Shree Kumareshwar) Hospital and Research Centre]], Bagalkot
{{Related article |List of educational institutions in Dharwad}}
Janapada University

==Hindustani Music==
North Karnataka has produced many Hindustani classical musicians of repute. The golden era of Hindustani music in North Karnataka began with the rise to fame of five vocalists: [[Mallikarjun Mansur]], [[Gangubai Hangal]], [[Kumar Gandharva]], [[Bhimsen Joshi]] and [[Basavaraj Rajguru]]. These five not only contributed to Hindustani classical music, but also left behind a large number of students.

===Musicians from Karnataka===
{| style="vertical-align:top;" cellpadding="4"
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|
|-
|valign=top|
[[Vocal]]
* [[Basavaraja Rajaguru]]
* [[Bhimsen Joshi]]
* [[S. Ballesh]]
* [[Ganapati Bhat]]
* [[Gangubai Hangal]]
* [[Gururao Deshpande]]
* [[Jayateerth Mevundi]]
* [[Sawai Gandharva]]
* [[Puttaraja Gawai]]
* [[Kumar Gandharva]]
* [[Mallikarjun Mansur]]
* [[Gangubai Hangal]]
* [[Jayateerth Mevundi]]
* [[Lalith J. Rao]]
* [[Madhava Gudi]]
* [[Nachiketa Sharma]]
* [[Nagaraja Rao Havaldar]]
* [[Sanjeev Chimmalgi]]
* [[Sangeetha Katti]]
* [[Shobha Gurtu]]
* [[Venkatesh Kumar]]
* [[Vinayak Torvi]]

[[Sarod]]
* [[Rajeev Taranath]]
|}

==Arts and crafts==
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2021}}
* [[Kasuti]] embroidery: putting stitches by hand on dresswear like [[Ilkal saree]]s. [[Lambani]]s of [[Bellary district|Bellary]] district have their own embroidery style.
* [[Bidriware]]: metal handicraft originated in [[Bidar]] during the rule of the [[Bahamani Sultanate|Bahamani Sultans]]
* [[Kinhal Craft]]s: originated in [[Kinhal]] (Kinnal) in Koppal district. Crafts are mainly toys, wood carvings and mural paintings.
* Gokak toys: originated in [[Gokak]] in Belgaum district.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wooden Toys of Gokak, Karnataka {{!}} The Craft and Artisans |url=http://www.craftandartisans.com/wooden-toys-of-gokak-karnataka.html |website=www.craftandartisans.com |access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref>

===Folk dances===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
* '''Dollu Kunitha''' is a drum dance. The large drums are decorated with coloured cloth, and slung around the necks of men. The dances are accompanied by songs of religious praise or war.
* '''Veeragase''' is a folk dance, a symbolic presentation of the heroism and valour of the god Veerabahadhra. Its exponents are called Lingadevaru; they perform the dance with religious fervour at festival time, especially during the months of Shravana and Kartika.
* '''Nandikolu kunitha''' is an art form of male devotees of Lord Siva. The Nandi pole is about 18 cubits long, each cubit representing a [[dharma]]. The length of the pole is fitted with brass pots and plates, and an ornate silver or brass umbrella at the top with a silk tassel (which is the flag). The performer (on a sling) balances the pole; this requires skill and strength. The sight of the devotee's inspired dance, to the background beat and the resulting symphony of sounds from the pots and plates on the pole, is impressive.
* '''Jodu halige''' are percussion instruments used by two artists to produce rhythmic notes of energy and power. Their movements along the stage (expressive of their physical energy) harmonise with the notes produced by the instrument. The Haligi (wood), circular in shape, is made of buffalo hide, and a short stick is used on it. The notes, combined with the bodily movement, are pleasing to an audience.
* '''Lambani nruthya''' Lambani women, dressed colourfully, move in a circle with clapping and singing. This dance is uncommon, and performed primarily for important festivals.
* '''Veerabhadra kunitha''' depicts the story of [[Veerabhadra]], the legendary minor god created by [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] to teach a lesson to his father-in-law [[Daksha]]. Veerabhadra goes to the place of the [[yajna]] and disrupts the ceremony.

=== Textiles {{anchor|Textiles of Northern Karnataka}} ===

Garag, a small town located 15 km north of [[Dharwad]], was the sole producer of the national flag and the hand-woven khadi for its manufacture. [[Hubballi]] Siree produces both silk and cotton sarees, worn by most villagers in North Karnataka and parts of Maharashtra. The fabric is primarily woven in [[Gadag-Betigeri]]. [[Bellary]] has approximately 4,800 families employed in the textile industry. [[Belagavi]] Saree also known as "Shahpur Saree" is also famous in North Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} [[Rabakavi]]-[[Banahatti]], the twin cities which is also one of the taluqs of [[Bagalkot]] district, is most famous in cotton sarees especially [[Jakhads]] and [[Combed]] sarees. [[Ilkal sarees]] is most famous and Traditional sarees. {{citation needed|date=March 2019}} These sarees are famous in Maharashtra, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala,{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} where they are worn in most of the ethnic occasions and also they may be seen in most of the Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Marathi serials. The famous textiles in Rabakavi-Banahatti are Padmavati Sarees, Sinchana Sarees, Bharati Sarees and Vijayalakshmi Sarees.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

== Natural resources {{anchor|Natural resources of North karnataka}} ==

The [[Hutti Gold Mines Limited|Hutti Gold Mine]] is the only gold-extraction company in India. It operates in [[Hatti, Raichur|Hatti]], an ancient gold- mining area about 70 km from [[Raichur]]. Tourism is also permitted inside the mine.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112851740600.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202032305/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/28/stories/2008112851740600.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2 December 2008
|title=Striking it rich: Hutti gold mines on expansion spree
|access-date=28 November 2008
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=28 November 2008
}}</ref> The [[Gadag]], [[Koppal]] and [[Bellary]] districts are rich in manganese, gold and iron ore.kalaburagi district is rich in lime

==Cuisine==
{{Main article|Cuisine of Karnataka}}
[[File:Gokak karadant.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Gokak karadant]]
[[File:Another Vegetarian Meal.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Staple vegetarian meal of Karnataka [[Jolada rotti]], Palya, and anna-saaru.]]
[[File:Dharwad peda.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Dharwad Pedha]]

Northern Karnataka cuisine may be primarily found in the districts of [[Bidar District|Bidar]], [[Gulbarga District|Gulbarga]], [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]], [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]], [[Belgaum District|Belgaum]], [[Raichur District|Raichur]], [[Dharwad District|Dharwad]], [[Gadag district|Gadag]], [[Haveri district|Haveri]], [[Koppal district|Koppal]] and parts of [[Bellary District|Bellary]].
[[Wheat]] and {{transl|kn|[[jowar]] rottis}} (unleavened bread made with millet) are common.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

The following are typical items in a vegetarian Northern Karnataka meal:

* {{transl|kn|[[Bhakri|Rotti]]/[[Bhakri]]}}, [[Rice]], [[Rasam (dish)#Saaru in Karnataka|Saaru]], [[Papadum|Happala]] and [[kosambari]]
* [[Gokak karadantu|Gokak Karadant]] - Gokak is known for its Gokak karadant (a dry fruits food) and Gokak Jawar dosa.[citation needed]
** ''Gokak Karadant'' - Gokak is known for its ''Gokak karadant'' (a dry fruits food) and ''Gokak Jawar'' dosa.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
* {{transl|kn|[[Aubergines|Badane kaayi]]}} gojju/enne-gai/tumbu-gai - stuffed and/or sauteed
* {{transl|kn|[[Peanut|Shenga]]/[[Sesame|Ellu]]}} – dry chutney in powder form, sometimes called ''HinDi'' (nothing to do with the [[Hindi language]]); [[red|kempu]] khaara - hot chutney paste made with red chillies, eaten as a condiment
* {{transl|kn|Bele palya}} - cooked split or whole [[dal|beLe]], chana, moong with [[Leaf vegetable|greens]] such as [[methi]], [[spinach]] or [[spring onion]]
* {{transl|kn|[[Yogurt|Mosaru]] bajji}} or{{transl|kn|raitha}} - salad with mosaru and [[buttermilk|majjige]], [[Butter|beNNe]] or [[ghee|tuppa]].
* Raw salads - made with [[spring onion]], [[onion]], green [[Chili pepper|chilli]] or [[methi]] leaves, sometimes with {{transl|kn|[[Chaunk|oggaraNe]]}} of {{transl|kn|[[mustard plant|sasive]]}} and/or {{transl|kn|[[Cumin seeds|jeerige]]}}
* {{transl|kn|[[Dharwad pedha]]}} – Hubli-Dharwad is known for its ''dharwad pedha'' (a milk-based sweet).
* {{transl|kn|Mirchi Bhaji}}
* {{transl|kn|Girmit}} - a snack made with murmura/Puffed rice.
* {{transl|kn|[[Belagavi Kunda]]}} – Belagavi is known for sweet cuisine ''Kunda'' (a milk-based sweet)
* {{transl|kn|Dosa}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

===Festivals and associated foods===

* [[Sankranti]] (January – harvest festival): Madeli, [[holige]] of gingelly seeds, Bengal gram dal and ground nut; jowar roti, bajra roti, bharta, chutney powders of Niger, linseed and ground nut
* [[Shivaratri|Shivarathri]] (February/March - eaten after a day's fast): [[Wheat|Godhi]] huggi, aLLiTTu, Bengal gram usali, moth bean usali and holige
* [[Holi]] (March - destruction of evil): holige, jowar wade, pumpkin gargi (some groups prepare a nonvegetarian curry)
* [[Ugadi]] (April/May - Kannadiga new year): holige, karigadabu, vermicelli payasa, bevu bella and godhi huggi
* [[Basava Jayanthi]] (May - birthday of Basava): holige, karigadabu and mango sihikarane
* Karahunnive (June - bullock-worship): holige, karigadabu, jowar wade, pumpkin gargi, {{transl|kn|italic=no|kodabale}} and mango sihikarane.
* Mannettina Amavasye (June - clay-bullock worship): karigadabu, holige, jowar wade, sajjaka, pumpkin gargi and vermicelli payasa
* [[Naga Panchami]] (July - cobra-worship): laddu of semolina, bunde, besan, sev, groundnuts, gingelly seeds, gulladki, puffed jowar, kuchagadabu, aLLiTTu, Bengal gram usali, moth bean usali, bajra and jowar rotis
* [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] (August - Ganesha-worship): godhi huggi, holige, [[modak]]a, vermicelli payasa, sajjaka, mesta bhaji,beaten rice with curd, panchakajjaya, karigadabu and {{transl|kn|italic=no|gudagana huggi}}
* [[Navratri|Dasara]]/Mahanavami (September - Durgaunnive (October - farmers' festival, worship of standing crop): foxtail millet holige, chakli, akki huggi, {{transl|kn|italic=no|kodabale}}, holige, karigadabu, undigadabu, kuchchida khara, bhaji of capsicum, cluster beans, pumpkin; chutney powders of Niger, linseed and ground nut (some communities prepare a nonvegetarian curry)
* [[Deepavali]] (October - Lakshmi puja): holige, karigadabu, karachikayi, laddu of semolina, besan and sajjakada holige<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-18-0-000-000-2005-Web/JHE-18-1-000-000-2005-Abst-PDF/JHE-18-1-043-048-2005-1275-Inamdar-V/JHE-18-1-043-048-2005-1275-Inamdar-V-Full-Text.pdf
|title=Major festivals and associated traditional foods
|access-date=25 August 2008
}}</ref>

== Religion ==
==={{anchor|Hindus in North Karnataka}} Hinduism===
{{Main article|Hinduism}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}

===={{anchor|Lingayats in North Karnataka}} Lingayatism====
{{Main article|Lingayats}}
The followers of [[Basavanna]] and Panchacharyas who worship god through "istalinga". Lingayats constitute the majority population of this portion of the state.Lingayatism is a sect of Hinduism and worship Shiva in the form of Linga.

===={{anchor|Brahmins in North Karnataka}} Brahmins====
{{Main article|Brahmins}}
Varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers ([[Acharya]]ru) and protectors of sacred learning across generations are known as [[Brahmins|Brahmanaru]].

==={{anchor|Buddhism in North Karnataka}}Buddhism===
{{Main article|Buddhism in North Karnataka}}
Buddhism in North Karnataka dates from the third to the first centuries BC. [[Sannati]] and [[Kanaganahalli]] are two important excavation sites, and there is a [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] colony at Mundgod.

==={{anchor|Jain in North Karnataka}}Jainism===
{{Main article|Jainism in North Karnataka}}

==={{anchor|Banjara in North Karnataka}}Banjara===
Banjara's are the followers of [[Banjara]].

==See also==
* [[Temples of North Karnataka]]
* [[List of North Karnataka historical sites]]
* [[Chalukya]]
* [[Western Chalukya Architecture]]
* [[Western Chalukya]]
* [[Vijayanagar Architecture]]
* [[Dravidian architecture]]
* [[Badami Chalukya Architecture]]
* [[Tourism in North Karnataka]]
* [[Bayaluseemae]]
* [[Siddis of Karnataka]]
* [[Family names in North Karnataka]]
* [[Timeline of Maharashtra history]]
* [[Deccan States Agency]]
* [[Shilahara#Shilaharas of Southern Maharashtra (Kolhapur Branch)|Shilahara used Kannada as official language]]
* [[South Western Railway zone]]

==External links==
* [http://www.aii.unimelb.edu.au/events/discovering-deccan Discovering Deccan - Badami, Aihole, Pattadakal, Bijapur Gulbarga, Bidar and Hampi]
* [http://www.deccanherald.com/content/326130/celebrating-our-heritage.html Celebrating our heritage]
* [http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/his_chalukyas.html Early Chalukyas - Maharashtra Gazetteer]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&pg=PA402-IA5&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false The Kadamba Kula: A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Regions of Karnataka]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Regions of India]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India|Karu Nadu]]

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

North Karnataka

South Karnataka