Kedar (raga)

2021-09-18T02:34:52Z

2409:4072:30D:47AE:2D99:8978:A362:CB5B: /* Hindi */

{{Short description|Hindustani raga}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Infobox raga
| name = Kedar
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan]]
| type = Chanchal raga
| time = 1st prahar of the night
| season = No specific season but sung mostly in [[rainy season]]
| arohana = S M G P D N S'(Tar Saptak)
| avarohana = S' N D P M ({{lang|hi-Latn|Tivra}}) P M R S
| jaati = Shaadav-Sampoorn
| vadi = Ma
| samavadi = Sa
| pakad = The [[pakad]] of this raga is सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा
| chalan = सा म ग प मे ({{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) म रे सा
| synonym = [[Hameer]] raga
| equivalent = [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]].
| similar = raga Hameer Kalyani (Carnatic raaga)
}}

{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
[[File:Kedara Ragini.jpg|thumb|Kedara Ragini]]
Raga '''Kedar''', also known as '''Kedara''', is a [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] [[raga]]. Named after [[Lord Shiva]], the raga occupies a high pedestal in [[Indian classical music]]. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the [[Svara|swaras]] सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant raga manifestation.

== Origin ==
The raga emerges from the [[Kalyan (thaat)|Kalyan thaat]]. This raga is named after [[Lord Shiva]] and is loved by [[Lord Krishna]]. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in [[Gokul]] was mesmerized.

== Technical description ==
The raga is of ''shaadava-sampurna'' nature, i.e., in its [[arohana]] (ascent), only six notes are used, and in [[avarohana]] (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using ''arohana'' and ''avarohana''.

The raga uses only natural (''shuddha'') versions of the Second (R), Third (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}})" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (''{{lang|hi-Latn|komal}}'') version (n). ( m- {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}, M- {{lang|hi-Latn|shuddh}}) "both natural and sharp" (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}'') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively)

[[Arohana]]: S M, M'P D M , D N S`

[[Avarohana]]: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S

[[Pakad]]: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S

The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is {{lang|hi-Latn|tivra}}) p d n s.

The most prominent ([[Vadi (music)|vadi]]) note is m, and the second most prominent ([[samvadi]]) is S.

== Samay ==
The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first ''[[prahar]]'' of night. Most ragas with ''{{lang|hi-Latn|teevra}}'' ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas).

== Further information ==
The [[meend]] from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a [[grace note]] in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swara}}'' to another are complicated, and the extent of use of the different ''{{lang|hi-Latn|swaras}}'' often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with [[Hameer]], [[Gaud Sarang]], Kamod, [[Chhayanat (raga)|Chhayanat]] and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like [[khayal]]s, [[thumri]]s, [[dhrupad]]s, as well as light classical songs based on it.

According to the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind is made aware, without arousing cynicism.

== Variants ==
* Adambari Kedar
* Anandi Kedar
* Basanti Kedar
* Chandni Kedar
* Deepak Kedar
* Jaladhar Kedar
* Kedar Bahar
* Kedari Malhar
* Maluha Kedar
* Nat Kedar
* Shuddha Kedar
* Shyam Kedar
* Tilak Kedar

== Film songs ==
=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Song
! Movie
! Composer
! Singer
|-
| En Uyir Thozhi
| [[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Udaluku Uyir Kaaval
| [[Manapanthal]]
| [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
| Kannizhantha
| [[Enippadigal]]
| [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Chandrodayam Oru Pennanatho
| [[Chandhrodhayam]]
| rowspan="5" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Kannile Enna Undu
| [[Aval Oru Thodar Kathai]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Vellaikkamalathiley
| [[Gowri Kalyanam]]
| [[Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| Aval Oru Navarasa
| [[Ulagam Sutrum Valiban]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| Kaaluku Keezhe Naluvuthu
| Silambu
| [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
| Yeriyile Oru Kashmir Roja
(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Valaji)
| Madhanamaaligai
| M. B. Sreenivasan
| [[P. Suseela]], [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| Kadhal Oviyam
| [[Kavikkuyil]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| Kaiyil Veenai
| [[Vietnam Colony (1994 film)|Vietnam Colony]]
| [[Bombay Jayashree]]
|-
| Inimel Naalum
| Iravu Pookal
| [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Nila Kaikiradhu
| [[Indira (film)|Indira]]
| rowspan="3" | [[A. R. Rahman]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
| Swasame Swasame
(Ragamalika:Kedar/Hamirkalyani,Maand)
| [[Thenali]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| Kanava Illai Kaatra
| [[Ratchagan]]
| [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
| Manasukkul
| [[Kalyana Agathigal]]
| V. S. Narasimhan
| Raj Sitaraman, [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| Iruvathu Vayathu Varai
| [[Kannodu Kanbathellam]]
| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|}

=== Hindi ===
Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar:
* {{transl|hi|Bekas pe karam kijie ye}} - [[Mughal-e-Azam]] (1960)- [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
* {{transl|hi|Bole to bansuri kahi}} - [[Sawan Ko Aane Do]] (1979)- [[Yesudas]]
* {{transl|hi|Darshan do Ghanashyam naath – Narsi Bhagat}} (1957) – [[Hemant Kumar]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Sudha Malhotra]], Chorus
* {{transl|hi|Hum ko mann ko shakti dena}} - [[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]] (1971) – [[Vani Jairam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*<ref>[https://chrandrakanta.com/ Chandra Kanta]</ref>
* {{Cite web|title=Raag Kedar - Indian Classical Music - Tanarang.com|url=http://www.tanarang.com/english/kedar_eng.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.tanarang.com}}
* {{Cite web|title=Raga Kedar – A Perspective|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}
* {{Cite web|title=On the Variants of Kedar|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-kedar/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Rajan Parrikar Music Archive|language=en-US}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kedar/ Raga Kedar – A Perspective]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514235610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_others_samay_index.html SRA on Samay and Ragas]
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|title=Know your Raga : Thaat|date=14 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514234610/http://www.itcsra.org/sra_raga/sra_raga_that/sra_raga_that_index.html|archive-date=14 May 2007}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|title=Sawf Archive of Articles on Classical Indian Music|date=10 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510143551/http://www.sawf.org/music/articles.asp?pn=Music|archive-date=10 May 2007}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/kedar.html|title=Ocean Of Ragas|website=oceanofragas.com}}

{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas|Kedar]]

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Kedar (raga)