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Ministry of Earth Sciences

2021-09-15T13:21:39Z

2409:4071:4E15:4037:0:0:540A:680E: /* List of Ministers of State */

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Earth Sciences
| seal = Emblem_of_India.svg
| seal_width = 70px
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of India]]
| formed = 29 January 2006
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters = Prithvi Bhavan Lodi Road [[New Delhi]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28|35|28|N|77|13|32|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|1800|c}} (2018-19 est.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |title=Budget data |date=2019 |website=www.indiabudget.gov.in |format=PDF |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304170727/http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Dr Jitendra Singh]]
| chief1_position = Minister of Earth Sciences (India)
| website = [http://moes.gov.in/ www.moes.gov.in]
| logo =
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}}

The '''Ministry of Earth Sciences''' was formed on 29 January 2006 from a merger of the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imd.gov.in|title=India Meteorological Department|website=www.imd.gov.in}}</ref> the [[National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting]] (NCMRWF),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in|title=National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)|website=www.ncmrwf.gov.in|access-date=4 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425164632/http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]] (IITM), [[Pune]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tropmet.res.in|title=Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology|website=www.tropmet.res.in}}</ref> and Earth Risk Evaluation Centre (EREC), and the Ministry of Ocean Development.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071205204338/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/11/stories/2006051105641300.htm Earth Sciences Ministry is the new name ] [[The Hindu]], May 11, 2006.</ref>

==History==
In 1981; the Government of India created a Department of Ocean development (DoD) as a part of Cabinet Secretariat, which was kept directly under the charge of [[Prime Minister of India]]. In 1982 it became a separate department and it started carrying out its activities in the field of ocean development. In 2006; it was made a separate Ministry called Ministry of Ocean development. In July 2006 itself the Ministry was again reorganised and the new Ministry of Earth Sciences came into being with various institutions under its ambit. The Government via a resolution in 2006 brought [[ India Meteorological Department|Indian Metrological Department]], [[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]] and National centre for medium range weather forecasting and research (NCMRWF) into its administrative control. The resolution also set up an Earth commission just like Atomic energy commission and Space commission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moes.gov.in/content/about-ministry-0|title=About us|website=Ministry of Earth Science|access-date=2020-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/ministry-of-ocean-development-gets-a-new-name-7888|title=Ministry of-ocean-development-gets-a-new-name|website=Down to Earth|access-date=2020-09-16}}</ref> Currently, the ministry is headed by [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Dr Jitendra Singh]].

== Functions ==
The Ministry's mandate is to look after Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean Science & Technology and Seismology in an integrated manner.

== List of Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 700px"
! width="200px" |Name
! colspan="2" width="100px" |Tenure
! colspan=2|Political Party
!Prime Minister
|-
|[[Kapil Sibal]] ''(Ocean Development)''
|29 January 2006
|22 May 2009
|rowspan=7|[[Indian National Congress]] ([[United Progressive Alliance]])
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" rowspan=7|
| rowspan="7" |[[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
|[[Prithviraj Chavan]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
|28 May 2009
|10 November 2010
|-
|[[Kapil Sibal]]
|10 November 2010
|19 January 2011
|-
|[[Pawan Kumar Bansal]]
|19 January 2011
|12 July 2011
|-
|[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|12 July 2011
|10 August 2012
|-
|[[Vayalar Ravi]]
|10 August 2012
|28 October 2012
|-
|[[S. Jaipal Reddy]]
|28 October 2012
|26 May 2014
|-
|[[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
|26 May 2014
|12 November 2014
|rowspan=3|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ([[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]])
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan="3" |[[Narendra Modi]]
|-
|[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Dr. Harsh Vardhan]]
|12 November 2014
|07 July 2021
|-
|[[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
|07 July 2021
|''Incumbent''
|}

== List of Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible style=" ;"sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Minister of State in the Ministry of Earth Sciences
! [[Minister of state]]
! Portrait
! colspan=2| Political party
! colspan="2" | Term
! Years
|-align=center
|[[Y. S. Chowdary]]
|[[File:Set1-3.jpg|100px]]
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|bgcolor=#FFFF00|
|9 November 2014
|8 March 2018
|{{Age in years and days|2014|11|09|2018|03|08}}
|}

==Institutions under the Earth System Science Organisation==
* National Centre for Coastal Research
* [[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]]
* [[India Meteorological Department]]
* [[National Centre for Seismology]]
* [[Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services]]
* [[National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting]]
* [[National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research]]
* [[National Institute of Ocean Technology]]
* Earthquake Risk Evaluation Centre (under the Atmospheric Sciences and Seismology sector)
* Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre
* [[Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology]] (under the Ocean Science & Technology sector)
* [[Centre for Earth Science Studies|National Center for Earth System Sciences]]

==Networking==
All institutions under [[Earth system science standard|ESSO]] are connected through [[National Knowledge Network]] and its [[Common User Group]] (CUG).

==Computation Facility==
[[Adithya HPC]] located at [[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]] is one of the largest computation facility in India.

==See also==
* [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://moes.gov.in/ Official '''Ministry of Earth Sciences''' website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120504231856/http://www.dod.nic.in/ Dod.nic.in: Ministry of Earth Sciences]
* [https://www.nccr.gov.in National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR)]
* [http://www.niot.res.in National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)]
* [http://www.incois.gov.in Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)]
* [http://www.ncaor.org National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (NCAOR)]
* [http://www.cmlre.gov.in Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190425164632/http://www.ncmrwf.gov.in/ National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)]
* [http://www.imd.gov.in India Meteorological Department (IMD)]
* [http://www.tropmet.res.in Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)]

{{Union ministries of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Earth Sciences| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|Earth Sciences]]
[[Category:Science and technology ministries|India, Earth Sciences]]
[[Category:Earth sciences organizations]]
[[Category:Science and technology in India]]

Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region

2021-09-15T12:57:05Z

2409:4071:4E15:4037:0:0:540A:680E: /* List of Ministers of State */

{{short description|Government of India ministry}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
| type =
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal = Emblem_of_India.svg
| seal_width = 70px
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of India]]
| picture =
| picture_width =
| picture_caption =
| formed = September, 2001
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 = 
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}}[[Republic of India]]
| headquarters = [[Vigyan Bhavan]] Annexe, Maulana Azad Road, [[New Delhi]] -110 011.
| coordinates =
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|3000|c}} (2018-19 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe23.pdf|title=Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region|website=Indiabudget.gov.in|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304070059/http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe23.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Cabinet Minister]]
| minister2_name = [[B. L. Verma (Uttar Pradesh politician)|B. L. Verma]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister Of State
| chief1_name =
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position = 
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| keydocument1 = 
| website = {{URL|http://mdoner.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
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}}

The '''Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region''' is a [[Government of India]] ministry, established in September 2001, which functions as the nodal Department of the Central Government to deal with matters related to the socio-economic development of the eight States of [[Northeast India]]: [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]], [[Tripura]] and [[Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mdoner.gov.in/index1.asp?linkid=111|title=About us|website=Mdoner.gov.in}}</ref> It acts as a facilitator between the Central Ministries/ Departments and the State Governments of the North Eastern Region in the economic development including removal of infrastructural bottlenecks, provision of basic minimum services, creating an environment for private investment and to remove impediments to lasting peace and security in the North Eastern Region.

The current, [[Minister of Development of North Eastern Region (India)|Minister of Development of North Eastern Region]] is [[G. Kishan Reddy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New Ministers assume office; PM to hold 1st meeting of expanded cabinet|url=http://theindianawaaz.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22043&catid=9|access-date=22 December 2014|agency=AMN|publisher=The Indian Awaaz}}</ref>

== {{anchor | NLCPR | Non Lapsible Central Pool of Resources }} Functions and responsibilities ==
{{Politics of India}}
The Department of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER) was created in 2001 and was accorded the status of a full-fledged ministry on May 2004. The ministry is mainly concerned with the creation of infrastructure for economic development of North-Eastern region.

Main activities/functions of the DoNER.
* '''Non Lapsible Central Pool of Resources (NLCPR)'''<ref name=non1>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=112523|title=Non-Lapsable Central Pool of Resources|website=Pib.nic.in|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Coordination with the Central Ministries and the State Governments of the NE states.
* Capacity Building
* Advocacy and Publicity
* International Cooperation
* Enterprises of the Department

==Organisations==
The ministry has following organisations functioning under it:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/index1.asp?linkid=82 |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723195616/http://mdoner.gov.in/index1.asp?linkid=82 |archive-date=23 July 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd.(NEDFi)
* North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation Limited (NERAMAC)
* The Sikkim Mining Corporation Limited. (SMC)
* North Eastern Handlooms and Handicrafts Development Corporation (NEHHDC)

==List Of Ministers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:70%;"
|-
!№
! Name
! colspan="2"|Term of office
! colspan=2| Political Party (Alliance)
! Prime Minister
! Reference
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|1
| [[C. P. Thakur]]
| 29 January 2003
| 23 May 2004
| rowspan=1| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ([[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]])
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" rowspan=1|
| rowspan=1| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/759802/1/Council_of_Ministers_English.pdf|title=Council of Ministers}}</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|2
| [[P. R. Kyndiah]]
| 23 May 2004
| 24 October 2006
| rowspan=4| [[Indian National Congress]] ([[United Progressive Alliance]])
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|3
|[[Mani Shankar Aiyar]]
| 24 October 2006
| 22 May 2009
|
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|4
|[[Bijoy Krishna Handique]]
| 31 May 2009
| 19 July 2011
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=149 |title=Fifteenth Lok Sabha, Members Bioprofile : Handique, Shri Bijoy Krishna |website=loksabha.nic.in |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]/[[Lok Sabha]] |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|5
| [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
| 19 July 2011
| 26 May 2014
|
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|6
| [[Vijay Kumar Singh|Gen. V. K. Singh]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
| 26 May 2014
| 9 November 2014
| rowspan=3| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ([[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]])
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Narendra Modi]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=4598 |title=Sixteenth Lok Sabha, Members Bioprofile : Singh, Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar |website=loksabha.nic.in |publisher=[[National Informatics Centre]]/[[Lok Sabha]] |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|7
| [[Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)|Jitendra Singh]] ''(MoS, Independent Charge)''
| 9 November 2014
| 7 July 2021
|
|- align=center style="height: 50px;"
|8
| [[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| 7 July 2021
| ''Incumbent''
|
|-
|}

== List of Ministers of State ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible style=" ;"sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Minister of State in the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
! [[Minister of state]]
! Portrait
! colspan=2| Political party
! colspan="2" | Term
! Years
|-align=center
|[[B. L. Verma (Uttar Pradesh politician)|B. L. Verma]]
|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
|7 July 2021
|''Incumbent''
|{{Age in years and days|2021|07|07}}
|}

==Northeast India connectivity projects ==
{{anchor|Northeast India connectivity projects| Projects}}
{{see also|India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity| label 1 = Look-East Connectivity}}

Commerce with South and East Asian nations accounts for almost 45% of India's foreign trade.<ref name="A">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IJ31Df01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517035426/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IJ31Df01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=17 May 2008|title=Asia Times Online :: South Asia news - India rediscovers East Asia|website=Atimes.com|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="PRIC">{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0176)|title=Sino-Indian relations|website=Atimes.com|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref> Myanmar and [[ASEAN]] nations are part of [[Look East policy (India)|India's Look East policy]].<ref>
{{cite web
| title= Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy
| date= 18 November 2013
| website= English.vietnamnet.vn
| publisher= [[Vietnam News Agency]]
| url= http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/government/89377/vietnam-among-pillars-of-india-s--look-east--policy.html
| access-date= 18 November 2013
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title= Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj
| work= [[Firstpost]]
| date= 2014-08-25
| url= http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/economy/modi-govt-give-greater-push-indias-look-east-policy-says-sushma-swaraj-94718.html
| access-date= 2014-09-10
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195033/http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/economy/modi-govt-give-greater-push-indias-look-east-policy-says-sushma-swaraj-94718.html
| archive-date= 10 September 2014
| url-status= dead
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| title= Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East
| newspaper= [[The Economic Times]]
| date= 26 August 2014
| url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region
}}
</ref> India is part of [[ASEAN]]+6, [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]], [[Asian Clearing Union]], [[Asian Development Bank]], [[BBIN|Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative]], [[BIMSTEC]], [[East Asia Summit]], [[Mekong-Ganga Cooperation]], [[SAARC]], [[South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation]], [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]], [[Asian Highway Network]] and the [[Trans-Asian Railway]] network.<ref name="PO">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/econ/2003/1011indiaasean.htm |title=India's 'Look East' Policy Pays off |author=Administrator |website=Globalpolicy.org |access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="C">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IJ31Df02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708233222/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/IJ31Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=8 July 2008|title=Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan|website=Atimes.com|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>

Major initiatives covered are [[Transport between India and Bangladesh]], [[Bangladesh–India border]], [[India-Myanmar barrier]], [[Bhutan–India border]], [[McMahon Line]], etc.

=== Bridges ===
{{anchor | Bridges }}
* [[Brahmaputra River#Bridges|List of road bridges on Brahmaputra River]]

=== Roads ===
{{anchor | Roads | roads | Road | road }}

==== International roads ====
NE has 5,000 km border with Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar while being isolated and connected to rest of India by 20 km narrow chicken-neck [[Siliguri Corridor]].<ref name=plan1/>
* [[Asian Highway Network]]
* [[ASEAN]] and [[India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East Connectivity|Look East connectivity]]

==== Strategic National Highways (NH) ====
13,500 km were NH out of total 3,76,819 km of road length in NE (March 2012).<ref name=plan1/>
* '''Schemes:''' [[Bharatmala]] and [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|NH]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/zoomimzgemap/imagemap.php?map=roads%2FRoad_Map |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192557/http://mdoner.gov.in/zoomimzgemap/imagemap.php?map=roads%2FRoad_Map |archive-date=15 September 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
** Non Lapsable Central Pool of Resources (NLCPR) plan<ref name="sar1">{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1266 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210005459/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1266 |archive-date=10 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> for NE and [[India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East Connectivity|Look East connectivity]].
** Special Accelerated Road Development Programme in North East (SARDP-NE) plan for the China border roads.<ref name=sar1/>
* '''Funding:'''
** '''Total approved (A+B)''': {{INRConvert|626000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} (till Dec 2017).<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>
** '''A.''' {{INRConvert|326000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} 3,840 km approved and {{INRConvert|135000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} 1,266 km completed (2014 to Dec 2017).<ref name=nedev1>[http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/live-pm-narendra-modi-in-meghalaya-mizoram-northeast/976288/ Live PM Modi in Meghalaya, Mizoram and North East], Financial Express, 16 Dec 2017.</ref><ref name=nedev2>[//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62094855.cms PM Modi approves new central scheme to plug infras gaps for the Northeast], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 16 Dec 2017.</ref><ref name=kn1>[https://www.northeasttoday.in/arunachal-dy-cm-lays-foundation-stone-of-bridge-over-bari-river/ Arunachal Dy CM Lays Foundation Stone of Bridge over Bari River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051151/https://www.northeasttoday.in/arunachal-dy-cm-lays-foundation-stone-of-bridge-over-bari-river/ |date=22 December 2017 }}, North East Today, 11 Dec 2017.</ref>
*** {{INRConvert|53000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} additional funding released to ensure completion by March 2023 of current NE NH projects by plugging the gap, on 100% centre-funding basis, instead of usual 90:10 centre-state funding mechanism (Dec 2017).<ref name=nedev2/>
** '''B.''' {{INRConvert|300000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} additional approved under [[Bharatmala]] for NE NH (Dec 2017).<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>
* '''Routes:''' [http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/roads/Map%20of%20major%20road%20programme.pdf Major NE NH route map] and [http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/roads/rcfi.jpg SARDP Arunachal roads map].
* '''Highways:'''
** [[Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road|Arunachal Frontier Highway]] [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nat7.jpg 2,000 km route along the China border in upper Himalayas], {{INRConvert|400000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2014}}<ref name="BR3">{{cite web|title=Indian Government Plans Highway Along Disputed China Border|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/10/indian-government-plans-highway-along-disputed-china-border/|author=Ankit Panda|website=Thediplomat.com|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=BR2>{{cite web |url= http://www.livemint.com/Politics/nqEwdXxkIgrSHPpTSzsFRN/Govt-planning-road-along-McMohan-line-in-Arunachal-Pradesh.html |title= Govt planning road along McMohan line in Arunachal Pradesh: Kiren Rijiju |publisher= Live Mint |access-date= 2014-10-26}}</ref>
** [[Trans-Arunachal Highway]] [[National Highway 13 (India)|NH13]] [https://d1u4oo4rb13yy8.cloudfront.net/klxjrdauzn-1499952672.png 1,559 km route] through the [http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/roads/rcfi.jpg middle via 12 district HQ] while connecting the remaining 4 district HQ with link highways, at {{INRConvert|100000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=20008}} (c. 2008) under SARDP-NE.<ref name=tr1>[https://scroll.in/article/843716/is-hectic-highway-building-in-arunachal-pradesh-leading-to-more-landslides Is hectic highway building in Arunachal Pradesh leading to more landslides?], Scroll, 14 July 2017.</ref><ref name="indianexpress1">[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/transarunachal-highway-upgraded-is-now-nh52b/312719/ Transarunachal highway upgraded], Indian Express.</ref>
*** Northeast border roads:<ref name=sar4>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1269 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120182725/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1269 |archive-date=20 November 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
**** [[Bharatmala#NHIDCL|NHIDCL]] launched in 2015 building of 100 strategic 7,000 km long border roads at the cost of {{INRConvert|800000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} across India including in Arunachal (Dec 2017 update).<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>
**** [[Border Roads Organisation#Border infrastructure development|BRO border roads]]: — 73 border roads: incl. Sikkim and Arunachal, all to be completed by March 2022 (June 2017).<ref name=etbro1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/59647920.cms "73 roads of operational significance being built along China border: Kiren Rijiju"], [[The Economic Times]], 18 July 2017.</ref><ref name=IEbro2>Sushant Singh, [http://indianexpress.com/article/india/china-border-roads-hobbling-12-years-later-21-of-73-ready-modi-xi-jinping-4698272/ "China border roads hobbling, 12 years later, 21 of 73 ready"], [[Indian Express]], 11 July 2017.</ref> — 410 border bridges: {{space|2}}- 144 in Arunachal (75 under construction completing by 2020), {{space|2}}- 40 in Sikkim under construction (Dec 2017).<ref name=mac1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62110250.cms India building bridges in Arunachal for LAC access], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 18 Dec 2017.</ref> — 17 border rail and road tunnels: total length of 100 km, {{space|2}}- Arunachal ([[Nechipu Pass]] (near [[Bomdila]]) and [[Sela Pass]] tunnels on [[National Highway 13 (India)|Bogibeel Assam to Sagalee to Tawang NH13]]), {{space|2}}- North Sikkim (578 meter [[Theng Pass]] tunnel on NH310A between [[Chungthang]] and [[Tung, Sikkim|Tung]]) (Dec 2017).<ref name=tun1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61522629.cms "For year-round border security, India plans tunnels on China border."], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 6 November 2017.</ref><ref name=tun2>{{cite web|url=http://www.voyants.in/2015/01/16/voyants-bagged-independent-engineer-services-in-arunachal-pradesh/|title=Voyants|website=Voyants.in|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>
** [[East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal East-West Corridor]] along the [http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/roads/rcfi.jpg Assam border in the lower foothills (marked in red)] is being taken under Bharatmala project.
** 2,570 km approved NH (1917+653 in-progress and completed) in Arunachal, 36% road connectivity, 22 km per 100 sq km Arunachal road density including dirt tracks (c. Nov 2017).<ref name=km2>[https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2017/11/22/lessons-from-sisen-and-laptap/ Lessons from Sisen and laptap], Arunachal Times, 14 Nov 2017.</ref>

==== Other roads ====
* [[North Eastern Council]] inter-state projects and roads:<ref name=sar2>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1325 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213160407/http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1325 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
** 47 new inter-state roads of 1,666 km costing {{INRConvert|50000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}}, of which 4 were taken within plan ending March 2017.<ref name=plan1/>
** 2014 to Dec 2017:<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>
*** {{INRConvert|23090|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} projects executed,
*** {{INRConvert|5790|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} to {{INRConvert|9690|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} rise in the annual budget.
*** 56 to 138 increase in the number of projects, incl. Bramputra Study Centre established to research river ecosystem.
* [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana|PMGSY]] roads in NE, including border village roads].<ref name=sar5>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1503 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010201/http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1503 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Relaxation to be given to the minimum 250 people habitation in case of villages within 50 km of border.<ref name=plan1/>

=== Railway ===
* [[Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project#Projects|Northeast railway connectivity projects]]
* [[Trans-Asian Railway]]
* [[NER railways]],<ref name=sar6>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/content/railways-ner |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213024608/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/railways-ner |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/railways/Railwaymap.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215094217/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/railways/Railwaymap.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/content/completed |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211171209/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/completed |archive-date=11 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/content/underway |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010147/http://mdoner.gov.in/content/underway |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In December 2017, 15 new NE railway projects of 1,385 km length were approved at the cost of {{INRConvert|470000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}}.
** [[Sivok–Rangpo line]], 44 km long, to Gangtok in Sikkim.<ref name=railne1/>
** [[Teteliya–Byrnihat line]], 22 km long, from Guwahati's suburb Tetelia to Byrnihat near Shillon in Meghalaya is likely to be completed by March 2022.<ref name=railne1/>
** [[Dimapur–Kohima line]], 82 km long, to [[Kohima]] In Nagaland is expected to be completed by March 2023.<ref name=railne1/>
** [[Jiribam–Imphal line]], 111 km long, to Imphal is likely to be completed by March 2022.<ref name=railne1>[https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/north-east-to-get-better-indian-railways-connectivity-5-major-rail-projects-lined-up-details-here/2027372/ North East to get better Indian Railways connectivity! 5 major rail projects lined up], Financial Express, July 17, 2020.</ref>
** [[Bhairabi–Sairang line]], 51 km long, to Aizawl in Mizoram is likely to be completed by March 2023.<ref name=railne1/>

=== Air ===
==== Airports development ====
NER Airports.<ref name=sar7>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/node/1284 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211165806/http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1284 |archive-date=11 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Indian government upgraded 12 non-operational airports into operational airports in NE (May 2017, work started on 8 airports in 2014).<ref name=airdev5>[https://thenortheasttoday.com/12-airports-in-northeast-india-set-to-get-a-boost/ 12 airports in Northeast India set to get a boost], North East Today, 14 May 2017.</ref><ref name=airdev6/> [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|LGBIA Guwahati]] will operate as the inter-regional hub and [[Agartala Airport]], [[Dibrugarh Airport]] and [[Imphal Airport]] will operate as intra-regional hubs by extending runways and apron, and by building terminal building and maintenance hangars at these airports.<ref name=airdev6/> Three new greenfield under-construction airports are [[Itanagar Airport|Itanagar Holangi Airport]], [[Pakyong Airport-Operationalized]] (Sikkim) and [[Chiethu Airport]] (Nagaland).<ref name=airdev6>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/government-considering-setting-up-of-three-greenfield-airports-in-northeast-648709 Government Considering Setting up of Three Greenfield Airports in Northeast], [[NDTV]], 13 Aug 2014.</ref>

===== Airports development phase-I (fy2016-17 to fy2019-20) =====
[[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) will spend {{INRConvert|25000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} between 2018-2020, including the following will be completed by 2019-20 (c. Dec 2017):<ref name=airdev1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62097750.cms Steps taken to strengthen North East states air connectivity: Authority of India], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 18 Dec 2017.</ref><ref name=airdev3>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62141610.cms Northeast airports facelift: Government may invest Rs 8,000 crore more], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 20 Dec 2017.</ref>
* Assam
** [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati]] modernisation, the Chief Minister is also pushing to the convert it into a hub for UDAN and connectivity to at least 9 [[ASEAN]] nations (c. Dec 2017).<ref name=airdev2>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/guwahati-airport-to-be-upgraded-for-international-operations/articleshow/62135392.cms Guwahati airport to be upgraded for international operations], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 19 Dec 2017.</ref><ref name=airdev1/>
* Arunachal Pradesh
** [[Itanagar Airport|Itanagar Holangi Airport]] new airport under construction<ref name=airdev3/>
** [[Tezu Airport]] upgrade<ref name=airdev3/>
* Tripura
** [[Agartala Airport|Agartala International Airport]], currently {{INRConvert|5000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} new terminal building upgrade to international airport,<ref name=airdev1/>
** [[Kailashahar Airport]] upgrade for UDAN flights, 138 km from Agartala.<ref name=airdev1/>
* Meghalaya
** [[Shillong Airport]] upgrade,<ref name=airdev1/>

===== Airports development phase-II (fy2018-19 to -) =====
The central government will invest a further {{INRConvert|80000|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} to develop more NR airports.<ref name=airdev3/> Several advanced landing ground heliports will be upgraded to dual army-civilian airports.<ref name=airdev3/> This likely includes the following:<ref name=airdev4>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/china-border-upgrade-6-airports-in-arunachal/ China border upgrade: 6 airports in Arunachal], [[Indian Express]], 2015.</ref><ref name=airdev5/><ref name=airdev6/>
* Arunachal Pradesh
** [[Along Airport]]
** [[Anini Airport]]
** [[Daporijo Airport]]
** [[Koloriang Airport]]
** [[Pasighat Airport]]
** [[Tawang Airport]]
** [[Tura Airport]]
** [[Zero Airport]]
* Assam
** [[Rupsi Airport]]
* Sikkim
** [[Pakyong Airport]]-operationalized
* Nagaland
** [[Chiethu Airport]] under-construction

==== Flights ====
Among [[List of airports in India|airports in Northeast India]], the following were connected under [[UDAN]]:

===== UDAN flights =====
UDAN Phase-I flights started at [[Shillong Airport]], [[Dimapur Airport]], [[Imphal International Airport]], [[Silchar Airport]], [[Lengpui Airport|Lengpui Aizawl Airport]] and [[Agartala Airport]].<ref name=airdev3/>

UDAN Phase-II flights started at TBA?

===== Other flights =====
2014-2017 NEC plan proposes to work towards starting the following flights:<ref name=plan1>{{cite web|url=http://necouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/about-us/Final%20Regional%20Plan%20NEC%2025_04_2017.pdf|title=NEC Final plan 2017.|website=Necouncil.gov.in|access-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024160640/http://necouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/about-us/Final%20Regional%20Plan%20NEC%2025_04_2017.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Kolkata Airport]] to
** Guwahati-Kumming
** Dimapur–Bangkok
* [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati]] to
** Imphal-Yangon
** Yangon-Bangkok
** Mandalay-Kumming
** Shillong-Dhaka
* [[Agartala Airport]] to
** Dimapur-Yangon
** Dhaka
* [[Imphal Airport]] to Mandalay-Bangkok
* [[Silchar Airport]] to Imphal-Mandalay

=== Waterways===

==== International NE waterways====
* India-Myanmar
** [[Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project]]
* India-Bangladesh
** Waterways as per ''"Indo-Bangladesh Protocol on Inland Water Transit & Trade"'':
*** [[Kolkata]]-[[Pandu, Guwahati]]-Kolkata
*** Kolkata-[[Karimganj]]-Kolkata
*** [[Rajshahi]]-[[Dhulian]]-Rajshahi
*** Pandu-Karimganj-Pandu
** Seaports for inter-country trade
*** India: [[Haldia Port]] (West Bengal), [[Port of Kolkata]] (West Bengal), [[Pandu, Guwahati]] (Assam), [[Karimganj]] (Assam) and [[Silghat]] (Assam).
*** Bangladesh: [[Port of Narayanganj]], [[Khulna]], [[Port of Mongla]], [[Sirajganj]] and [[Ashuganj]].

==== Inland National waterways in NE ====
* [[Inland waterways of India|NER Waterways]]: 20 National Waterways in NE
**[[National Waterway 2]]: [[Sadiya]] and [[Dhubri]] on [[Bangladesh-India border]] 891 km stretch of [[Brahmaputra River]] is already operational.
** [[List of National Waterways in India|19 additional NE National Waterways]] under development (as of Dec 2017).<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/><ref name=sar8>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/content/inland-waterways-ner |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213014721/http://mdoner.gov.in/content/inland-waterways-ner |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
*** NW6: [[Aai River]], Assam, 71 km.
*** NW16: [[Barak River]], Assam, 121 km.
*** NW18: [[Beki River]], Assam, 73 km.
*** NW30: [[Dihing River]], Assam, 114 km.
*** NW31: [[Dhansiri River]]-[[Chathe River]], Assam, 110 km.
*** NW32: [[Dikhu River]], Assam, 63 km.
*** NW33: [[Doyans River]], Assam, 61 km.
*** NW38: [[Gangadhar River]], Assam & West Bengal, 62 km.
*** NW39: [[Ganol River]], Meghalaya, 49 km.
*** NW50: [[Jinjiram River]], Assam & Meghalaya, 43 km.
*** NW57: [[Kopili River]], Assam, 46 km.
*** NW61: [[Kumari River]], Meghalaya, 28 km.
*** NW62: [[Lohit River]], Assam, 100 km.
*** NW82: [[Puthimari River]], Assam, 72 km.
*** NW93: [[Someshwari River|Simsang River]], Meghalaya, 62 km.
*** NW95: [[Subansiri River]], Assam, 111 km.
*** NW101: [[Tizu River]]-[[Zungki River]], Nagaland.
*** NW102: [[Tlawng|Tlawng River]], Mizoram, 86 km.
*** NW106: [[Dawki|Umngot River]], Meghalaya, 20 km.
** More potential NER National Waterwaysare being considered.<ref name=sar9>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/content/development-potential-waterways |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213020323/http://mdoner.gov.in/content/development-potential-waterways |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/InlandWaterways/Waterways%20of%20NER.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714084234/http://mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo3_content/InlandWaterways/Waterways%20of%20NER.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Power===
As of December 2017, {{INRConvert|98650|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} power transmission grid project approved in 2014 is being implemented of which 2,540 km lines already laid, and 16 hydro power projects of 5676 MW being implemented and additional 694 MW projects already implemented.<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>

===Tourism===
Projects include approval of {{INRConvert|2070|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD EUR|year=2017}} in 2016 to prevent erosion of world's largest riverine island of [[Majuli]], development of Spiritual Circuit in Manipur, Tourist Circuit in Sikkim, Tribal Circuit in Nagaland and [[Umiam Lake]] in meghalaya (Dec 2017 update).<ref name=nedev1/><ref name=nedev2/>

==Look-East Connectivity==
{{see also|Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Northeast India connectivity projects| label 1 = Northeast connectivity projects}}
Commerce with South and East Asian nations accounts for almost 45% of India's foreign trade.<ref name="A" /><ref name="PRIC" /> Myanmar and [[ASEAN]] nations are part of [[Look East policy (India)|India's Look East policy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vietnam among pillars of India's "Look East" policy |date=18 November 2013 |website=english.vietnamnet.vn |publisher=[[Vietnam News Agency]] |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/government/89377/vietnam-among-pillars-of-india-s--look-east--policy.html |access-date=18 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Modi govt to give greater push to India's Look East Policy, says Sushma Swaraj |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=2014-08-25 |url=http://firstbiz.firstpost.com/economy/modi-govt-give-greater-push-indias-look-east-policy-says-sushma-swaraj-94718.html |access-date=2014-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sushma Swaraj tells Indian envoys to Act East and not just Look East |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=26 August 2014 |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-26/news/53243802_1_india-and-asean-countries-east-asia-strategically-important-region}}</ref> India is part of [[ASEAN]]+6, [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]], [[Asian Clearing Union]], [[Asian Development Bank]], [[BBIN|Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative]], [[BIMSTEC]], [[East Asia Summit]], [[Mekong-Ganga Cooperation]], [[SAARC]], [[South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation]], [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]], [[Asian Highway Network]] and the [[Trans-Asian Railway]] network.<ref name="PO" /><ref name="C" />

=== Seaport development ===
* [[Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project|Sittwe Port]], Myanmar's multimodel port being developed by India
* [[Sabang, Aceh#Port|Sabang Deepsea Port]], jointly developed by India and Indonesia under strategic military and economic agreement, [[Indira Point]], India's southernmost point, is close to Indonesia's [[Rondo Island]] and Ache Province.

See also [[List of extreme points of India|Extreme points of India]]

===India-Myanmar-China Stilwell Road revival===
{{main|Stilwell Road}}
Discussions are also proceeding on reopening the [[World War II]]-era [[Stilwell Road]] linking India's [[Assam]] state with China's [[Yunnan]] province through [[Myanmar]].<ref name="C" />

===India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway===
[[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway]], also known as the '''East-West Economic Corridor''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Myanmar Road Project Hooks 1.8 Billion Baht From Thailand|url=http://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/burma-road-project-hooks-1-8-billion-baht-from-thailand.html|website=The Irrawaddy|access-date=12 February 2017|date=2 February 2017}}</ref> is a {{convert|3,200|km|mi|abbr=on}} from India to Vietnam highway under construction under [[Look East policy (India)|India's Look East policy]], that will connect [[Moreh, India|Moreh]], India with [[Mae Sot]], Thailand via [[Myanmar]].<ref name="Tripoto">{{cite web | title=All you want to know about Delhi to Bangkok Road Trip - Myths & Reality | website=Tripoto | url=https://www.tripoto.com/trip/india-delhi-to-thailand-bangkok-by-road | date=11 September 2015 | access-date=20 September 2015}}</ref> It is [[AH1]] of [[Asian Highway Network]]. The road is expected to boost trade and commerce in the [[ASEAN–India Free Trade Area]], as well as with the rest of Southeast Asia. India has also proposed extending the highway to Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1160810/jsp/northeast/story_101585.jsp|title=Highway pact after car rally}}</ref>

India and [[ASEAN]] have plans to extend this route to Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam as this connectivity will generate annually, an estimated US$70 billion in incremental GDP and 20 million in incremental aggregate employment by 2025, and India has offered US$1 billion line-of-credit for this project (c. Dec 2017).<ref name=la1>[http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/government-asean-in-talks-to-take-imt-highway-up-to-vietnam/970887/ Asean in talks to take IMT highway up to Vietnam], 12 Dec 2017.</ref>

===Imphal-Moreh-Mandalay national highway upgrade===
'''Imphal-Moreh-Mandalay Highway''' currently exists. In May 2017, the Indian Ministry of Road Transport and Highway stated that it would spend an estimated {{INRConvert|7500|m|currency_formatting=c|lk=on|to=USD|year=2017}} to upgrade roads and highways in [[North East India]] in order to boost the region's connectivity with Myanmar and Bangladesh. Among these projects, the Ministry plans to widen the {{convert|108|km|mi|abbr=on}} Imphal-Moreh highway in Manipur which currently serves as an important trade route between India and Myanmar.<ref name=pra1/> This would provide the Manipur's capital city of [[Imphal]] with direct access to the trilateral highway.<ref name=pra1/>

===Zokhawthar-Mandalay road strengthening===
'''Mizoram-Kalemyo Highway''' is a road widening and strengthening project planned by India. In May 2017, the Indian Ministry of Road Transport also plans to construct a {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} highway linking [[Zokhawthar]]-[[Rikhawdar]] (also called "Rih") near [[Champhai]], a border town in Mizoram, with the trilateral highway at Kalemyo. This will serve as a second route providing direct connectivity from Mizoram to the trilateral highway.<ref name=pra1>{{cite web|last1=Bose|first1=Pratim Ranjan|title=₹7,500-crore road network to boost North-East economy|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/7500crore-road-network-to-boost-northeast-economy/article9559199.ece|website=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=1 June 2017|language=en|date=24 February 2017}}</ref>

===Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road ===
{{see also|Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road}}
The '''[[Mago, Tawang|Mago]]-[[Thingbu]]–[[Vijaynagar, Changlang|Vijaynagar]] Border Highway''', also known as [[Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road|Arunachal Frontier Highway]],<ref name="BR7">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-narendra-modi-government-to-provide-funds-for-restoration-of-damaged-highways-2020106 | title=Narendra Modi government to provide funds for restoration of damaged highways | publisher=Diligent Media Corporation Ltd | access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref> in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] [[India]] is a {{convert|2,000|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} road proposed to be built along the [[McMahon Line]]<ref name=BR1>{{cite web|title=Top officials to meet to expedite road building along China border|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Top-officials-to-meet-to-expedite-road-building-along-China-border/articleshow/44831871.cms|work=Dipak Kumar Dash|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref> (international border between India and China) by the [[Government of India]] at the cost of INR40,000 crore (approx. US$6.5 billion<ref name="BR3" /> as per 2014 prices).<ref name=BR2/> Currently, along the alignment of this proposed road there is "little habitation" and there are only "small stretches of minor roads".<ref name=BR1/> An assessment by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)]] in 2013 found that of the 503 stretches on the borders planned to be completed by 2022, only 17 were complete and work was underway on just 50.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} In 2014 October, [[Kiren Rijiju]], [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Minister of State for Home Affairs]] of India was trying to expedite the project along with another proposed highway [[East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh]]<ref name=BR7/> in [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<ref name=BR2/> as he said "I am proposing to undertake this road along with another in the foothill areas of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state from [[Bhairabkunda]] in [[Assam]] located at the tri-junction of [[Bhutan]], [[Assam]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] to [[Ruksin]] in [[East Siang district]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state which will serve as an industrial corridor for the people residing in the foothill areas of the state".<ref name=BR2/>

===Manipur-Mandalay bus service from 2018===
'''Manipur-Mandalay bus service''' is pending subject to the signing of motor vehicle agreement. In September 2017, Indian ambassador to Myanmar announced that an [[Imphal]]-[[Mandalay]] India-Myanmar bus service will commence from 2018 after India and Myanmar sign the motor vehicle agreement.<ref name=de5>[http://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/9520-imphal-mandalay-bus-service-likely-to-begin-from-next-year Imphal-Mandalay bus service likely to begin from next year.], Imphal Times, 9 Sept 2017.</ref>

===Imphal-Kalay-Mandalay flight===
{{see also|UDAN}}
'''Imphal-Kalay-Mandalay flight''' is a proposed air service. In September 2017, Indian ambassador to Myanmar also proposed that a flight service from Imphal in Manipur to Mandalay via stopover in [[Kalay]] (Kalaymyo) in [[Sagaing Division]] of Myanmar could be started under [[UDAN]] regional connectivity scheme.<ref name=de5/> It was proposed to [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region|DoNER]] in 2012 and a successful trial run was conducted in December 2015.<ref name=de6>[https://www.gktoday.in/glossary/imphal-mandalay-bus-service/ Imphal-Mandalay bus service trial run], Dec 2015.</ref>

===Tinsukia-Myitkyina railway===
[[File:Railway_map_of_Myanmar.png|thumb|Myanmar railway map]]
{{see also|Indian Railways|Myanmar Railways}}
'''Tinsukia-Myitkyina railway''' is a proposed new railway link between the existing rail stations at [[Tinsukia]]-[[Doom Dooma]] in [[Assam]] state of India and [[Myitkyina]] in [[Kachin State]] of Myanmar, by laying new rail track via [[Shingbwiyang|Shin Bway Yang]] and [[Sumprabum]]. [[Indian Railways]] uses [[broad gauge]] (1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use [[narrow gauge]] (1 meter). In December 2017, India offered a US$1 billion line of credit to build connections to [[ASEAN]] nations.<ref name=da7>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-proposed-1-billion-credit-for-connectivity-with-asean-nitin-gadkari/articleshow/62021465.cms India proposed $1 billion credit for connectivity with ASEAN: Nitin Gadkari], [[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]], December 2017.</ref>

===Imphal-Kalaymyo railway===
'''Imphal-Kalaymyo railway''' is a proposed new railway link between the existing rail stations at [[Imphal]] in Manipur of India and [[Kalay]] in Myanmar. [[Indian Railways]] uses [[broad gauge]] (1,676 mm or 5 ft 6 in) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use [[narrow gauge]] (1 meter). In December 2017, India offered a US1 billion line of credit to build connections to [[ASEAN]] nations.<ref name=da7/>

===Aizawl-Wuntho railway===
'''Aizawl-Wuntho railway''' is a proposed new railway link between the existing railway station at [[Wuntho, Myanmar|Wuntho]] in Myanmar and by extending the under construction [[Bairabi–Sairang line]] via [[Aizawl]]-[[Champhai]] in Mizoram of India to Wuntho in Myanmar which currently goes further north up to [[Myitkyina]] towards [[China–Myanmar border]]. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to [[ASEAN]] nations.<ref name=da7/>

===Aizawl-Kalaymyo railway===
'''Aizawl-Kalaymyo railway''' is a proposed new railway link between the existing railway station Kalay in Myanmar and by extending the under construction [[Bairabi–Sairang line]] via [[Aizawl]]-[[Champhai]] in Mizoram of India to Kalay in Myanmar. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to [[ASEAN]] nations.<ref name=da7/>

===Aizawl-Kyauktaw-Sittwe railway===
'''Aizawl-Kyauktaw-Sittwe railway''' is a proposed new railway link between the existing [[Kyauktaw]]-[[Sittwe]] railway in Myanmar and by extending the under construction [[Bairabi–Sairang line]] via [[Aizawl]]-[[Lunglei]]-[[Lawngtlai]] in Mizoram of India to [[Sittwe Port]] in Myanmar developed by India. [[Kyauktaw]] to [[Minbu]] is an under construction railway to link Sittwe with the exiting [[Myanmar Railways#Network and services|Myanmar railway network]]. These are to be taken up with assistance of India's 1 billion line of credit for connections to [[ASEAN]] nations.<ref name=da7/>

===India-Myanmar-Thailand railway===
{{see also | Indian Railways | Rail transport in Thailand| label 1 = Indian Railways | label 2 = Thailand Railways}}
[[File:Thailand_rail_map.gif|thumb|Thailand rail map]]
'''India-Myanmar-Thailand railway''' is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to [[Myanmar Railways#Network and services|Myanmar railway network]] and by linking existing railway lines in southern Myanmar to the [[Rail transport in Thailand|Thailand rail network]] in 2 locations:
* [[Mongnai]] existing railway east in Myanmar to [[Chiang Mai]] in north-west Thailand
* [[Kyauk Shat]] or [[Dawei]] to [[Namtok, Myelat|Nam Tok]] near [[Bangkok]]

===India-Myanmar-Thailand-Laos railway===
{{see also | Indian Railways | Myanmar Railways | Rail transport in Thailand| Transport_in_Laos#Railways| label 1 = Indian Railways | label 2 = Myanmar Railways | label 3 = Thailand Railways | label 4 = Laos Railways}}
'''India-Myanmar-Thailand-Laos railway''' is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to [[Myanmar Railways#Network and services|Myanmar railway network]] and [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway#India-Thailand new railway link|Myanmar-to-Thailand]] to connect [[Transport in Laos#Railways|railway in Laos]]. Laos only has one railway station in the whole nation, located 20 km east of [[Vientiane]], that was built by [[State Railway of Thailand]] during 2007-09 by extending its [[Metre-gauge railway|metre-gauge network]] across the [[Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge]] from [[Thanaleng Railway Station]] in Thailand.<ref name=linklaunched>{{cite news | title=Laos link launched | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/laos-link-launched.html | work=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date = 2007-03-01 }}</ref> Test trains began running on July 4, 2008,<ref>{{cite news | title=Testing takes train into Laos | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/testing-takes-train-into-laos.html | work =[[Railway Gazette International]] | date = 2008-07-07 }}</ref> and Princess [[Maha Chakri Sirindhorn]] of [[Thailand]] formally inaugurated the line on March 5, 2009.<ref>{{cite news | title=Inaugural train begins Laos royal visit | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/inaugural-train-begins-laos-royal-visit.html | work=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date = 2009-03-05}}</ref><ref name="guardian-09">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2009/feb/26/first-train-laos-thailand-rail|title=First train to Laos|author=Andrew Spooner|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2009-02-27|access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref> There is also an under-construction (2017) [[Keng Tung]] railway line in east Myanmar that can be extended to Laos in future.

'''Laos-Vietnam railway:''' In 2012, an agreement for the construction of 220-kilometre $5 billion line, from [[Savannakhet]] in south [[Laos]] to [[Port of Vũng Ang]] in [[Vietnam]], via [[Mụ Giạ Pass]] and Tan Ap (intersects Vietnam railway network), was awarded to a Malaysian company "Giant Consolidated Limited" to complete the construction from 2013 to 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/321260/laos-to-build-railway-to-vietnam|title=Laos to build railway to Vietnam|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|last=Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savanpark.com/?p=1844|title=Savan-Laobao railway corridor approved|publisher=Savan Pacifica Development Co.Ltd.|date=2016-04-15|access-date=2017-06-26}}</ref> By December 2016, installation of corridor posts along the proposed railway right-of-way was completed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.vietstock.com.vn/2017/03/investor-preparation-for-savan-lao-bao-railway-construction-well-progressed-71-254649.htm|title=Investor: Preparation for Savan-Lao Bao railway construction 'well progressed'|publisher=Vietstock|date=2017-03-14|access-date=2017-06-26}}</ref> In future, [[Savannakhet]] is planned to be connected to the existing [[State Railway of Thailand|railway in Thailand]] at [[Khon Kaen]] or [[Ubon Ratchathani]].

===India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia railway===
{{see also | Indian Railways | Myanmar Railways | Rail transport in Thailand | Rail transport in Cambodia | label 1 = Indian Railways | label 2 = Myanmar Railways | label 3 = Thailand Railways | label 4 = Cambodia Railways}}
[https://i1.wp.com/investvine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Cambodia-railway-map.jpg?fit=709%2C495 Cambodia railway map]

'''India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia railway link''' is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to [[Myanmar Railways#Network and services|Myanmar railway network]], [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway#India-Thailand new railway link|to Thailand]], [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway#India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia|to Combodia]] to connect the [[Rail transport in Cambodia|rail network in Cambodia]]. Cambodia has existing rail link with Thailand at [[Poipet]] (Krong Poi Pet), though train services is currently suspended (2017).

===India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia-Vietnam railway===
{{see also | Indian Railways | Myanmar Railways | Rail transport in Thailand | Rail transport in Cambodia | Vietnam_Railways | label 1 = Indian Railways | label 2 = Myanmar Railways | label 3 = Thailand Railways | label 4 = Cambodia Railways | label 5 = Vietnam Railways}}
[[File:Vietnam_Railway_Map.png|thumb|Vietnam railway map]]

'''India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia-Vietnam railway''' is a proposed new railway link, parts of which already exist, by constructing missing links between Aizawl and Imphal to [[Myanmar Railways#Network and services|Myanmar railway network]], [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway#India-Thailand new railway link|to Thailand]], [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway#India-Myanmar-Thailand-Cambodia|to Combodia]] to connect [[Vietnam Railways]]. Cambodia has existing rail link with Thailand at [[Poipet]] (Krong Poi Pet) though train services is currently suspended (2017) and [[Phnom Penh]]-Hoa Lu-[[Dĩ An]] connection with Vietnam is under construction (2017), while there is no current or planned rail connection to Laos. [[Indian Railways]] uses [[broad gauge]] ({{Track gauge|1676mm}}) and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia use [[meter gauge]] ({{Track gauge|1000mm}}).

===India-Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore railway===
{{see also | Indian Railways | Rail transport in Thailand | Trans-Asian Railway | label 1 = Indian Railways | label 2 = Thailand Railways | label 3 = Trans-Asian Railway}}
[http://travelmalaysiaguide.com/images/KTM-map.jpg Malaysia railway map]

'''India-Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore railway''' is a proposed new railway link as part of the [[Trans-Asian Railway]], parts of which already exist, by using [[Malaysia–Thailand border#Railway crossings|existing metre-gauge connections]] of Thai railway network to [[Rail transport in Malaysia|railway network in Malaysia]] (at [[Padang Besar, Malaysia|Palang Besar]] in north west and [[Tumpat District|Tumpat]] in north east Malaysia) and [[Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail]] (being constructed between 2017-26<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/malaysia-singapore-high-speed-rail-project-to-commence-in-2017|title=Malaysia-Singapore high-speed rail project to commence in 2017|date=2 September 2015|work=TheMalayMailOnline.com|access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>). Two rail crossings along the Malaysian-Thai border are:
*'''[[Padang Besar, Malaysia]]-[[Padang Besar, Thailand]]''': Both the Malaysian and Thai towns where the crossing is located are known by the same name. This crossing connects to Malaysia's [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|West Coast trunk line]] and Thailand's [[State Railway of Thailand|main southern line]] to Bangkok via Hat Yai. Both Malaysian and Thai customs, immigration and quarantine formalities are conducted at Malaysia's Padang Besar railway station.
*'''[[Rantau Panjang]]-[[Sungai Kolok]]''': On the Malaysian side, this bridge crossing is on a branch line which is connected to Malaysia's [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu|East Coast line]]. In Thailand, the crossing is connected to the [[Su-ngai Kolok]] branch line which links up with the [[State Railway of Thailand|main southern line]] at Hat Yai. The crossing is currently not in use (January 2018).

===India-Bangladesh Sabroom-Cox Bazar railway===
[[File:Map_Bangladesh_RoadRail.png|thumb|Bangladesh railway map]]
This will extend the existing [[Sabroom]] in south Tripura on the border of Bangladesh to [[Khagrachari]]-[[Rangamati]]-[[Bandarban]] district headquarters in the tribal areas of [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], joining the existing [[Chittagong]]-[[Satkania Upazila|Satkania]] track at Satkania and proceeding further on the new track to the [[Cox's Bazar]] which is one of the official port for transit to India.

===India-Bangladesh Baraiya-Zokhawtar railway===
This will extend the existing [[Sabroom]] in south Tripura on the border of Bangladesh to Baraiya (southwest Tripura)-Chaggalnaiya (Bangladesh)-Manu Bazar (South Tripura)-Sabroom-Khargachari-Magrum-Nunsri
[[Lunglei]]-Aizawl-Zokhawtar-Kalemo.

===India-Bangladesh Bandarban-Tuiping railway===
Route for this will be Bandarban (Bangladesh)-Tuiping (Mizoram)-Niawhtlang (Mizoram-Burma border)-Gangaw (Myanmar).

===India-Bangladesh Shillong-Sylhet railway===
Route for this will be [[Shillong]] and [[Dawki]] in India to [[Sylhet]] in Bangladesh.

===India-Bangladesh Dhubri-Jaria railway===
Route for this will be [[Dhubri]], [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]], [[Dalu, Meghalaya|Barengapara]] and [[Durgapur]] in India to [[Purbadhala Upazila|Jaria]] in Bangladesh.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mdoner.gov.in/ Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181024160640/http://necouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/about-us/Final%20Regional%20Plan%20NEC%2025_04_2017.pdf NEC Final Plan 2017]



{{Union ministries of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Government ministries of India|North East]]
[[Category:Northeast India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2001]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]