Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Dattopant Thengadi

2021-05-22T13:48:37Z

2409:4071:4D9B:7F76:0:0:16C9:E702:

{{EngvarB|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{sources|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
|image = Thengadijee.jpg
|alt =
|birth_name =Dattatrye Bapurao Thengadi
|birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1920|11|10}}
|birth_place = [[Arvi, Wardha|Arvi]] village, [[Wardha District]], Maharashtra, [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2004|10|14|1920|11|10}}
|death_place = [[Pune]], Maharashtra, [[Republic of India]]
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates = 
|nationality = Indian
|other_names =
|known_for = Founder of [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch]] [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]] [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]]
|organization = [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
|education =
|alma_mater = [[Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences|Morris College]]
|spouse =
|children =
|parents = Bapurao Dajeebaa Thengadi (Father), Shrimati Janaki Devi (Mother)
|awards = Awarded with [[Padma Bhushan]], but he refused.<ref name="Thengadi declines Padma Bhushan award">{{cite news |title=Thengadi declines Padma award |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/23/stories/2003022304211000.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030729182403/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/02/23/stories/2003022304211000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>
|signature = Dattopant_Thengadi_Signature.svg
| website = https://dbthengadi.in/
|footnotes =
|box_width =
}}
'''Dattopant Bapurao Thengadi''', (Marathi: दत्तोपंत ठेंगडी, 1920–2004) was an Indian [[Hindu Philosophy|Hindu Ideologue]], [[trade union]] leader and founder of the [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch]], [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]] and the [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]]. He is one of the foremost ideologues of Swadeshi economics. He was born in the village of Arvi in [[Wardha district]] in [[Maharashtra]].

Thengadi was a full-time [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] ''pracharak'' until his death on 14 October 2004. The kind of impact he left on the social and economic life of India was unique, and set the tone for generations to come.<ref name="ataljee" /><ref name="ashokjee" /><ref name= "nie" /> He has been one of the foremost advocates of Some of the hallmark qualities of his lifestyle are: [[simple living]], in-depth study, deep thinking, clarity of thought, courage of the conviction and missionary zeal for the goal.<ref name="AmbedkarBook" /> He was awarded with [[Padma Bhushan]], but he refused to accept it.<ref name="Thengadi declines Padma Bhushan award"/>

==Early history==
Dattopant Thengadi (Dattatreya Bapurao Thengadi) was born in the village of Arvi (Wardha, [[Maharashtra]]) on [[Deepawali]], 10 November 1920. He studied law at Law College in Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web |year = 2020|title = Dattopant Thengadi - activist MP from RSS who shaped 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' idea decades ago|url=https://theprint.in/india/dattopant-thengadi-activist-mp-from-rss-who-shaped-atmanirbhar-bharat-idea-decades-ago/540191/}}</ref> He finished his post-graduation from Morris College and LLB from Law College in Nagpur. He was a lawyer as well as a [[philosopher]], and
displayed an early talent for administration. At the age of 15, he served as president of the ‘Vanar Sena’ as well as the Municipal High School [[students' union|student union]] at Arvi.<ref name="nationalist" /> He actively took part in India's [[Indian Independence Movement|Freedom Movement]] and was a member of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]] (HSRA) from 1936-38. He became a full-time Pracharak in 1942. He worked as organizing secretary of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC) from 1950–51,<ref name="nationalist" /> and was also associated with the Postal & Railway Workers Union ([[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]]).<ref name="nationalist" /> He was organising secretary of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh for Madhya Pradesh (1952-53) and south India (1956-57).

He was profoundly influenced by [[Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar|Sh. Madhavrao Sadashivrao Golwalkar]], popularly known as [[M. S. Golwalkar|Guruji]]. Some of the other towering figures of the time who influenced his persona are [[Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar|Babasaheb Ambedkar]] and [[Deendayal Upadhyaya|Pt. Deendayal Upadhyaya]].<ref name="nationalist" /> He always kept pace with time<ref name="AmbedkarBook" /> by establishing various organizations in different spheres, and maintained the core philosophy of [[Hindu Dharma]] and Bhartiya Darshan.<ref name="bmsf" /><ref name="sjmf" /><ref name="bksf" />

==Founder of Organisations==
Thengadi founded, nurtured and energized some of the well-known organizations of today: [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]]<ref name="bmsf" /> (1955), [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]] (1979),<ref name="bksf" /> [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch|Swadeshi Jagran Manch]] (1991),<ref name="sjmf" /> [[Samajik Samarasata Manch]], [[Sarva- panth Samadar Manch]] and [[Paryavaran Manch]]; also a founder member of [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]], [http://www.adhivaktaparishad.org/ Akhil Bharatiya Adhivakta Parishad], [https://web.archive.org/web/20111109022549/http://www.grahakpanchayat.org/ Akhil Bharatiya Grahak Panchayat] and Bharatiya Vichara Kendra.

==In Parliament==
He was the member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] for two terms during 1964-76,<ref name="outlookArticle" /> also served as its
vice-chairman in 1968-70, always left his indelible imprints on all the tasks he handled as parliamentarian. Thengadi showed his leadership capabilities by organizing the anti-Emergency movement in 1975, by way bringing together various political streams.

==Travel==
A widely traveled man, within '''India''' he practically travelled almost every district place in the country if not taluka and village. He also visited foreign shores, which includes- Soviet Union<ref name="nationalist" />
and Hungary as member of a parliamentary delegation (1969), Geneva, Switzerland to attend [[Second International]] Anti-Apartheid Conference at Geneva (1979).<ref name="nationalist" /> He was invited in USA, Canada, Britain and Yugoslavia in 1979 to study the impact of liberalization on trade union movement. His conviction also took him to, China, Jakarta, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, on various occasions.<ref name="nationalist" />

An erudite orator,<ref>{{YouTube|V7E3OHEjN4c|His Speech at All India National Convention of Swadeshi Jagran Manch, Bhopal. 19 November 2000}}</ref> expert in the social, economic and political issues, his soft but forcefully
presentations of the issues always kept the audience spellbound. Disenchanted with both
the western models of development, namely, Capitalism and Socialism, he propounded
the ‘Third Way’ of socio-economic development based on the ideology of ‘Sanatan Dharma’.
He authored many books which grew not only from his ideological conviction but also from
his first hand experience, some of his widely read and referred works are: The Third Way;
Modernization Without Westernization; What Sustains Sangh?, Our National Renaissance,
It's Directions and Destination; Nationalist Pursuit; The great sentinel and The Perspective.

==Death and Condolence==
Dattopant Thengadi died on 14 October 2004 due to Brain Hemorrhage via Mahanirvaan. Great personalities of India and world gave him tribute.

===Atal Bihari Vajpayee===
[[File:Atalji-Thengadiji.jpg|thumb|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] giving tribute to Dattopant Thengadi.]]
{{quotation
|<center>'''His writings will guide us'''</center> '''Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India:''' 
''"I have had long association with Thengadiji. I was present in the Bhopal meeting in which the decision to form the BMS was taken. During the discussion to decide the name of the new organisation, Thengadiji had suggested the name Shramjivi Sangathan. The name Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh was coined keeping in view the fact that the name should be simple and meaningful. I feel trade unionism is facing a crisis today. We have before us two paths, one of these is on the way out. There is a need to find out the third one. Workers' interests should be protected but at the same time the nation's interest too must be borne in mind. The workers' movement is in a crisis and how to balance things in a changing scenario should be considered using the third way out, which was what Thengadi had been attempting. Whatever Thengadiji has written should be read by all of us. I feel it will guide us for long."'' <ref name="ataljee" />
}}

===L.K. Advani===
[[File:Advaniji-Thengadiji.jpg|thumb|[[Lal Krishna Advani]] (first from right) and [[Narendra Modi]] (first from left) giving tribute to Dattopant Thengadi.]]
{{quotation
|<center>'''Dedicated Rashtrasevak'''</center> '''L.K. Advani, Deputy Prime Minister of India''' 
I have had close relations with Dattopantji for the last 50 years. If one has to explain the personality of Dattopantji in one sentence, we can say that he was a dedicated Rashtrasevak.He lived his whole life as a karmayogi. The work he took up he aimed it out with full responsibility. He established a wide network of friends without compromising on his views and ideology. His thinking was not confined to labourers or economic issues alone it involved the entire life of the nation and the world. His death is a personal loss to me. A strong pillar of our work is no more.<ref name= "advani" />
|sign=|source=}}

===Ashok Singhal===
[[File:AshokSinghal-Thengadiji.jpg|thumb|[[Ashok Singhal]] giving tribute to Dattopant Thengadi.]]
{{quotation
|<center>'''Messiah of poor and farmer'''</center> Ashokjee (Ashok Singhal), International '''Working President of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]]:''' 
With the death of Dattopantji we all have become orphans. He was a messiah of poor and farmer. There are certain great personalities whose loss can never be filled. Dattopantji was a similar great personality. He had original thinking on all spheres of life. His mother and Shri Guruji were his guides. At the time when the country is facing onslaughts from all sides, the void left by Dattopantji will be felt greatly.<ref name="ashokjee" />
}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|
refs=
<ref name="ataljee">[http://organiser.org/archives/historic/dynamic/modulesa3a9.html?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=48&page=13 The Organiser, 31 October 2004 issue. p. 13, '''Article Named- 'His writings will guide us'''' ]</ref>

<ref name="sjmf">[http://www.swadeshionline.in/content/introduction Introduction of SJM on its official website.]</ref>

<ref name="bmsf">[http://www.bms.org.in/founder.htm Dattopant Thengadi Article on 'Founder' page of BMS' official website.]</ref>

<ref name="bksf">[http://bharatiyakisansangh.org/bhartiya-kisan-sangh-files/dattopant-thengdi.htm Dattopant Thengadi Article on Bharatiya Kisan Sangh Page as a founder.]</ref>

<ref name="outlookArticle">[http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Dattopant-Thengadi--An-efficient-organisation-builder/255688 Outlook: Dattopant Thengadi -- An efficient organisation builder]</ref>

<ref name= "advani">[http://organiser.org/archives/historic/dynamic/modulesa3a9.html?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=48&page=13 The Organiser, 31 October 2004 issue. p. 13, '''Article Named- Dedicated Rashtrasevak''']</ref>

<ref name="ashokjee">[http://organiser.org/archives/historic/dynamic/modulesa3a9.html?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=48&page=13 The Organiser, 31 October 2004 issue. p. 13, '''Article Named- Messiah of poor and farmer''']</ref>

<ref name="AmbedkarBook">डा. अम्बेडकर और सामाजिक क्रान्ति की यात्रा, Introduction of Author, paragraph 2</ref>

<ref name= "nie">New Indian Express Chennai Article-"A Tapasvi Dies, Unnoticed" by [[S. Gurumurthy]], dated 31-10-2004</ref>

<ref name="nationalist">[https://books.google.com/books?id=yyxuAAAAMAAJ A Nationalist Pursuit, Published by Sahitya Sindhu Prakashana- Introduction of the author.]</ref>
}}

{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/dattopant-thengadi-an-efficient-organisation-builder/255688 Dattopant Thengadi -- An efficient organisation builder]

{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thengdi, Dattopantji}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Wardha district]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]

Kamathipura

2021-05-22T12:39:16Z

2409:4071:4D9B:7F76:0:0:16C9:E702:

{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement|name Kamathipura mulund churchgate linking
| native_name = {{small|Lal bazaar}}
| native_name_lang = marathi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Red Light Area
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A lane in Kamathipura
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Mumbai
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mumbai, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.96|N|72.82|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Metro
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = Mumbai
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1795
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 4
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| name =
| official_name = {{Big|कामाटीपूरा}}<hr/>{{Small|Kamathipura}}
}}

'''Kamathipura''' (also spelled '''Kamthipuram)''' <ref name=toi2009/> is a neighbourhood in [[Mumbai]], India. It was first settled after 1795 with the construction of causeways that connected the erstwhile [[seven islands of Bombay|seven islands of Mumbai]]. Initially known as Lal Bazaar, it got its name from the ''[[Kamathis]]'' (workers) of other areas of the country, who were labourers on construction sites. Due to tough police crackdown, in the late 1990s with the rise of [[AIDS]] and government's redevelopment policy that helped sex workers to move out of the profession and subsequently out of Kamathipura, the number of sex workers in the area has dwindled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/beyond-brothels-how-real-estate-pressures-and-online-sites-offering-sex-are-changing-red-light-areas/story-rYIPA8CF4M8Hp1tdzbuV0H.html|title=Beyond brothels: How real estate and online sites are changing red light areas}}</ref> In 1992, [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) recorded there were 45,000 sex workers here which was reduced to 1,600 in 2009<ref name=toi2009/> and 500 in 2018.<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite web |last1=Kamath |first1=Naresh |title=Maharashtra government pushes for revamp of Mumbai's Kamathipura area |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/maharashtra-government-pushes-for-revamp-of-mumbai-s-kamathipura-area/story-bRs5RFdXu9B7pXcHgAwaYK.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com |access-date=16 December 2018 |language=en |date=6 January 2018}}</ref> Many sex workers have migrated to other areas in Maharashtra with real estate developers taking over the high-priced real estate. In 2018 the Maharashtra government sought tenders to demolish and redevelop the area.<ref name="hindustantimes" />

==History==
[[File:Seven Islands of Bombay en.svg|thumb|left|160px|Former [[seven islands of Mumbai]], before the 17th century]]
{{Quote box
|quote =The ground floors open directly onto the road like native shops. In their lower and upper rooms, native women call to male passers-by.
|source = - A visiting [[Christianity|Christian]] missionary in late 19th century <ref name=mum/>
|width=20%
| quoted = 1
|salign = right
}}
[[File:Bombay City map (1924).jpg|left|140px|thumb|Kamathipura area in map of Mumbai, 1924]]
Before the completion of the [[Hornby Vellard]] project in 1784, which built a [[causeway]] uniting all [[seven islands of Bombay|seven islands of Mumbai]] under [[William Hornby (governor)|William Hornby]], governor of Bombay (1771-1784), plugged the Great Breach in [[Mahalaxmi, Mumbai|Mahalaxmi]], while the subsequent Bellasis Road causeway joined [[Mazagaon]] and [[Malabar Hill]] in 1793. This resulted in several low-lying marshy areas of Mumbai Flats like [[Byculla]], [[Tardeo]], Mahalaxmi and Kamathipura opening up for habitation. Thereafter starting 1795, ''[[Kamathis]]'' (workers) of other areas of the country, working as labourers on construction sites began settling here, giving the area its present name. It was bounded by Bellasis Road on the north, by [[Grant Road|Gaodevi]] on the south and the main road across, Falkland Road.<ref name=mum>{{cite web |title=Kamathipura |url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/physical/geo/kamathipura.html |publisher=Mumbai Pages }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Bellasis Road|url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/architecture/civil/bellasis-road.html |publisher=Mumbai Pages, TIFR }}</ref> At one point during this period it was home to a Chinese community, which worked as dockhands and ran restaurants. By the late 19th century it all changed.<ref name=toi2009/>

Till then, as previous 1864 Census figures for Mumbai indicate, other areas had a larger population of prostitutes, like [[Girgaon]] (1,044), Phanaswadi (1,323) and Oomburkharee (1,583) compared with Kamathipura (601), all which declined after 1864.<ref name=tambe62>[[#Ta|Tambe, p. 62]]</ref> This small region boasted the most exotic consorts. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, a large number of women and girls from [[continental Europe]] and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] were [[Human trafficking|trafficked]] into Kamathipura, where they worked as prostitutes servicing soldiers and locals alike.<ref name=hara>{{Cite journal|first=Harald|last=Fischer-Tiné|title='White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths': European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880–1914|journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review|year=2003 |volume=40 |doi=10.1177/001946460304000202|pages=163–190 [175 & 181]|issue=2|s2cid=146273713}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|first=Ashwini|last=Tambe|title=The Elusive Ingénue: A Transnational Feminist Analysis of European Prostitution in Colonial Bombay|journal=Gender & Society|year=2005|volume=19|pages=160–79|doi=10.1177/0891243204272781|issue=2|s2cid=144250345}}</ref> Gradually, [[social stratification]] also took place: A busy road in Kamathipura was known as Safed Gully (White Lane) owing to the European prostitutes housed here during the British raj. The lane is now known as Cursetji Shuklaji Street. The most well-known brothel in the area, Pila House, is the hybridisation of its original word: Playhouse. The first [[venereal disease]] clinic of Bombay was opened in 1916, being taken over by BMC in 1925. Nearby, Bachchuseth ki Wadi on Foras Road was famous for its ''kothewalis'' or [[tawaif]]s and [[mujra]]s.<ref name=toi2009>{{cite news |title=Red light district swaps sin for skyscrapers |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-28/mumbai/28060014_1_prostitutes-kamathipura-aids |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909012642/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-28/mumbai/28060014_1_prostitutes-kamathipura-aids |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 9, 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date= Nov 28, 2009}}</ref>

When India [[Indian Independence Act 1947|gained independence]], Indian [[sex worker]]s moved into the area. In recent decades, large numbers of [[Nepal]]ese women and girls have also been trafficked into the district.<ref>{{YouTube|id=h1beOGLfqxA|title=Selling of Innocents _ Part I – Film by Ruchira Gupta}}</ref> Over the years under Indian government rule, the sex industry in Kamathipura continued to flourish. Trafficking and economic circumstances also brought women from different parts of the country there. Eventually it became Asia's largest sex district.<ref name=kar17/>

The [[brothel]]s in the area are crowded. Sex workers wait outside to pick up customers and then rent an available bed. The estimated 3,000 buildings in the area are largely dilapidated; safe drinking water and sanitation is scarce as well.<ref name=dna2007/>

Some historical sources point out{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} that the origin of slums, subsequently the red-light areas of [[Mumbai]] including Kamathipura is related to land acquisition, from the indigenous population who were evicted from their farmlands and cattle-fields and forced to live in congested conditions, to facilitate the development of the industrial harbor city. In the early stages, people accumulated in the new slums partly depended on constructions contracts. Later, as men became unemployed due to lack of jobs, more women began to engage in sex work in order to survive. Gang activity also increased in the area; in the 1970s and early '80s, Bachchu Wadi at Kamathipura was frequented by gangleaders from the [[Mumbai underworld]], such as [[Haji Mastan]], [[Karim Lala]], and [[Dawood Ibrahim]].<ref name=toi2009/>

In 2005, with a statewide ban on [[dance bar (India)|dance bar]]s, many dancing girls, who couldn't find other means of income, moved to prostitution to survive, in Mumbai's red-light districts, like Kamathipura. According to police, in 2005, there were 100,000 prostitutes working out of five-star hotels and brothels across Mumbai.<ref name=sfg>{{cite news |title=Prostitution beckons India's former bar girls |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/26/MNGJ9HSC6R1.DTL&feed=rss.news |publisher=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=March 26, 2006 |first=Paul |last=Watson}}</ref>

The area is also home to a small cottage industry of about 200 women who make a living rolling [[beedi]]s (hand-rolled Indian cigarette).<ref name=dna2007>{{cite news |title=Beedi workers look for saviour|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_beedi-workers-look-for-saviour_1076427 |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |date=Jan 25, 2007 }}</ref>

==Demographics==

Kamathipura is divided into roughly 14 lanes and divided according to regional backgrounds of the workers. Most of the workers come from other Indian states.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/dancing-in-the-dark/article4932416.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Dancing in the dark | date=20 July 2013}}</ref> There is little interaction between areas, which makes it harder for social organizations to organize them into a movement or union. Further, lack of public opinion, political leadership or social activism which is empathetic towards them means a tough time forming unions.<ref name=kar17>[[#Ka|Karandikar, p. 17]]</ref>

The area had 55,936 voters in 2007, out of which about 15,000 are Muslims, 6,500 Telugus and the rest are Marathi and North Indians.<ref name=dna2007/>

==See also==
*[[Prostitution in India]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|33em}}

==References==
*{{cite book |title=Codes of misconduct: Regulating Prostitution in Late Colonial Bombay|author=Ashwini Tambe|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8166-5138-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4QVzOyWICMC&q=Kamathipura&pg=PA61 |ref=Ta }}
* {{cite web |title=''Managed Stratification in Bombay Brothels, 1914-1930'' |url=http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/22AshwiniTambe.pdf |date=July 9, 2004 |publisher=Swedish South Asian Studies Network, [[Lund University]] |ref=Bro |author=Ashwini Tambe |access-date=6 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524004354/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/22AshwiniTambe.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite book |title=Gender-based violence among female sex workers of Kamathipura, Mumbai, India: A contextual analysis|author= Sharvari Ajit |author2=University of Utah|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-94774-5 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5C_vRetEMIC&q=Kamathipura&pg=PA17 |ref=Ka }}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/daymygoddied/index.html The day my God died -] Documentary by [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]
*[https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/india304/aronson.html Frontline interview with Raney Aronson]
*[https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/india304/index.html Frontline - INDIA - The Sex Workers, 2004]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMtlMBkJfSc Watch] YouTube documentary on a school in Kamathipura

{{Mumbai topics}}
{{Prostitution in India}}
{{Asia in topic|Prostitution in}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Red-light districts in India]]