Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of chief ministers of Telangana

2021-09-26T09:17:28Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1:

{{short description|Head of the government of the Indian state of Telangana}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox political post
| border = Parliamentary
| minister = not
| post = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
| body = [[Telangana]]
| native_name = {{lang|te-Latn|Telaṅgāṇa Mukhyamantri}}
| insignia = Government of Telangana Logo.png
| insigniasize = 100px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Telangana]]
| image = Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao.png
| imagesize = 200px
| incumbent = [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
| incumbentsince = 2 June 2014
| appointer = [[Governor of Telangana]]
| inaugural = [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|06|02}}
| deputy = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Telangana|Deputy Chief Minister of Telangana]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.telangana.gov.in/}}
| salary = *{{INRConvert|440000}}/monthly
*{{INRConvert|5280000}}/annually
}}

The '''Chief Minister of Telangana''' is the [[head of government|chief executive]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. In accordance with the [[Constitution of India]], the [[Governors of states of India|governor]] is a state's ''[[de jure]]'' head, but ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority rests with the [[Chief Minister (India)|chief minister]]. Following elections to the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], the [[Governor of Telangana|state's governor]] usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the [[Government of Telangana|government]]. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.<ref name="term1">[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Telangana as well.</ref>

Since the state's [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014|creation on 2 June 2014]],<ref name="frontline">{{cite web|title=A mixed bag|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/a-mixed-bag/article7298203.ece|last=Shankar|first=Kunal|date=26 June 2015|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202101735/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/a-mixed-bag/article7298203.ece|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> Telangana has had only one chief minister, who belongs to [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] party, its founder and former [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Union Minister of Labour and Employment]] [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] is an inaugural and current holder of the office who sworn in two times by winning the [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] and [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]] assembly elections consecutively.

The [[List of current Indian chief ministers|current incumbent]] is [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] of the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] since 2 June 2014.

==List==
{{Col-begin}}
;Legend
* {{legend|{{Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color}}|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Key
* {{note label|†|†|†}} Assassinated or died in office
* {{note label|§|§|§}} Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
* {{note label|RES|RES|RES}} Resigned
{{col-end}}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
! No.
! Portrait
! colspan="2" style="width:18%;"| Name
{{nowrap|(Birth–Death)}}
! style="width:12%;"|Elected Constituency
! style="width:12%;"|Political Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
! colspan=3 style="width:27%;"|Term of office<ref name="term">The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period</ref>
! [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] {{small|([[Elections in Telangana|Election]])}}
! Ministry
! Appointed by
|-
! rowspan = "2" | 1
| rowspan = "2" | [[File:Kalvakuntla_Chandrashekar_Rao.png|100px]]
| rowspan = "2" | '''[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]''' (1954–)
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color}};" |
| rowspan = "2" | [[Gajwel (Assembly constituency)|Gajwel]]
| rowspan = "2" | [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| 2 June 2014
| 12 December 2018
| rowspan="2" | {{Age in years and days|2014|6|2}}
| 1st {{small|([[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014 election]])}}
| [[First K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry|Rao I]]
| rowspan="2" |[[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
|-
| 13 December 2018
| ''Incumbent''
| 2nd {{small|([[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 election]])}}
| [[Second K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry|Rao II]]
|}

==Statistics==
;List of chief ministers by length of term
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|-
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" | {{Tooltip|No.}}
! rowspan = "2" | Name
! rowspan = "2" | Party
! colspan = "2" | Length of term
|-
! Longest continuous term
! Total years of premiership
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
| '''[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]'''
| '''[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|06|02}}'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|06|02}}'''
|}

;List by party
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
|+Political parties by total time-span of their member holding [[Telangana Secretariat|CMO]] ({{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}})
|-
! data-sort-type=number | {{Tooltip|No.}}
! Political party
! data-sort-type=number | Number of Chief ministers
! Total days of holding CMO
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
| '''[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]'''
| data-sort-type=5 | '''1'''
| '''{{age in days|2014|06|02}} days'''
|}

;Parties by total duration (in days) of holding Chief Minister's Office
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 800
| height = 300
| stack = 1
| group 1 = {{age in days|2014|06|02}}
| colors = #FF0274
| group names = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
| x legends = TRS
}}

{{#tag:timeline|
Define $width = 1000
Define $warning = 845 # $width - 155
Define $height = 200 # 13x20 + 160

Define $start = 1950
Define $end = 2050
Define $now = {{CURRENTYEAR}}

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PlotArea = right:10 left:1 bottom:80 top:60
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Legend = columns:3 left:40 top:24 columnwidth:210

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id:bg value:white
id:lightline value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
id:lighttext value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
id:BEFORECMOTS value:rgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8) Legend: Life_before_Chief_Minister-ship
id:CMOTS value:rgb(0.31, 0.39, 0.81) Legend: In_Chief_Minister's_Office
id:AFTERCMOTS value:rgb(0.81, 0.73, 0.31) Legend: Life_after_Chief_Minister-ship
id:NAME value:rgb(0.15, 0.13, 0.05)
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at:$now color:TODAY width:0.1

PlotData=

bar:1 width:18
color:BEFORECMOTS align:center fontsize:M
from:1954.1667 till:2014.5 shift:(-2,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:[[K. Chandrashekar Rao]]
color:CMOTS
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==Living former chief minister==
As of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there is no living former chief minister of Telangana:

==See also==
{{commons category|Chief ministers of Telangana}}
* [[History of Telangana]]
* [[Elections in Telangana]]
* [[List of governors of Telangana]]
* [[Telangana Secretariat|Chief Secretariat of Telangana]]
* [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of Telangana]]
* [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.telangana.gov.in// Official Website of the Office of the Chief Minister]

{{Current Indian chief ministers}}
{{Telangana}}

[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Telangana]]
[[Category:People from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana-related lists]]

Andal Aerotropolis

2021-09-26T05:18:21Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{speculation|date=March 2011}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Andal Aerotropolis
| official_name = Sujalaam Skycity
| settlement_type = Aerotropolis
| coordinates = {{coord|23|37|16|N|87|14|36|E|}}
| subdivision_type = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Andal]], [[Durgapur]]
| area_total_km2 = 8.830241
| area_total_acre = 2182
| established_date = 2011
| image_map =
| image_skyline = SujalaamSkycity.png
| population_demonym = Skycityizen
| image_caption = Logo of Sujalaam Sky city, Durgapur
| established_title =
| established_date1 = 2015
| named_for = Sujalaam, which means "rich with water bodies" in Sanskrit
| website = {{URL|http://www.bengalaero.com/Home/Sujalaam}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| Educational centres = Narayana Schools, India International School
| Industries = Keventer Agro, Ardex Endura
| Logistics = Spectrum Logostics
}}

'''Sujalaam Skycity (Andal Aerotropolis)''' is [[India]]'s first [[aerotropolis]], located at [[Andal]], in Durgapur sub-division and Asansol parliamentary constituency in the new district of [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]] and between the industrial cities of [[Durgapur]] and [[Asansol]] in [[West Bengal]]. It has developed the airport named as [[Kazi Nazrul Islam International Airport]]. It is being developed in association with Singapore's [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airports International]] (CAI) and constructed by '''Bengal Aerotropolis Projects Limited''' (BAPL). The airport city is constructed around an old airfield [[Rapid Action Force|RAF]] Station [[Andal, Paschim Bardhaman|Andal]] and used by the RAF in [[Andal]], and also by the [[USAAF]] during [[World War II]].

On 7 September 2007, the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the West Bengal government announced plans to set up a new airport – along with a township, [[Information Technology|IT]] and logistics hub – at [[Durgapur subdivision]].
Marking the start of the Aerotropolis Project in Andal, the Andal Aerotropolis Project is spread over approximately {{convert|2182|acre|km2}} in the Asansol Durgapur Planning Area (ADPA) of Burdwan District in West Bengal. Bestowed with premium facilities and unparalleled opportunities in the fields of power-intensive industries, mining, iron and steel, metalwork, engineering, petrochemicals, Information Technology (IT) and telecommunications, ADPA has proved to be an ideal destination for investors.

The current placement of Domestic Airport promises to pave a smooth way for plans to fulfill passenger and cargo traffic requirements. As planned, an Integrated Township, IT Park, and logistics hub will see the light of the day along with the Andal Aerotropolis Project. These will help in enhancing the growth prospects of Asansol-Durgapur Region. BAPL has completed most of its legal procedures, receiving the In-Principal Clearance from the Ministry of Civil Aviation as well as getting the Land Use Development Control Plan (LUDCP) approved by Asansol Durgapur Development Authority (ADDA). It has also entered into a Technical Services Agreement with Changi Airports India Pte Ltd, Singapore.
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/09/08/stories/2007090852192100.htm | title = New airport planned near Durgapur | accessdate = 2007-09-08 | last = | first = | work =
| publisher = The Hindu Business Line, 8 September 2007}}</ref> In the area both [[Burnpur]] and [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]] have airstrips for the landing of small planes. The airfield at [[Panagarh]] is under [[Indian Air Force]].

[[Narayana Group of Educational Institutions|Narayana Schools]] have an operating school on the premises. Moreover a logistics hub of Spectrum Logistics has been set up and is operational (used by [[Asian Paints]]). Another company Ardex Endura, which is a ceramic factory, have started their operations in the aerotropolis. Keventer Agro has one of its operational unit in the Sujalaam Skycity.

Two to three new schools have already come up on the premises of the airport. [[ITC Hotels|Fortune group]] of hotels has announced its intention to start a four-star hotel like the one in City Centre. Mission hospital is also set to construct its unit there.

[[Lemon Tree Hotels|Lemon tree Hotels]] have agreed to set up an 80 roomed mid priced luxury hotel in the Sujalaam Skycity.

==See also==
* [[West Bengal]]
* [[List of airports in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bengalaero.com/ Official project page]
* http://durgapurmycity.blogspot.com/2009/06/pictures-of-durgapur-aerotropolis.html

{{Asia in topic|List of airports in}}
{{Airports in India}}
{{Transport in India}}

[[Category:Airports in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Transport in Asansol]]
[[Category:Transport in Durgapur]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in India]]

List of airports in West Bengal

2021-09-26T05:10:36Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1: /* Airports */

{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
This is a list of airports in [[West Bengal]], a state in eastern [[India]], grouped by type and sorted by location. It contains all public-use and military airports in the state.

This list contains the following information:
* '''City served''' - The city generally associated with the airport. This is not always the actual location since some airports are located in smaller towns outside the city they serve.
* '''ICAO''' - The [[International Civil Aviation Organization airport code|location indicator]] assigned by the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO).
* '''IATA''' - The [[International Air Transport Association airport code|airport code]] assigned by the [[International Air Transport Association]] (IATA).
* '''Airport name''' - The official airport name. Those shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service on commercial airlines.
* '''Note''' - Specific information related to the airport
{{Horizontal TOC|nonum=y}}
==Airports==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|- valign=baseline
! City served ||[[IATA Airport code|IATA]] || Airport name || Note
|-
! colspan=5; align=center| International Airports
|-
| [[Kolkata]] || CCU || [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]] || International and domestic flights to all major cities
|-
| [[Siliguri]] || IXB || [[Bagdogra International Airport]] || International flights to Paro and Bangkok, and domestic flights to many cities
|-
! colspan=5; align=center| Domestic airports
|-
|[[Durgapur]], [[Asansol]]
|RDP
|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport]]
|Domestic Airport. Daily commercial flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, Guwahati
|-
| [[Balurghat]] || RGH || [[Balurghat Airport]] ||
|-
| [[Cooch Behar]] || COH || [[Cooch Behar Airport]] ||
|-
| [[Kolkata]] || — || [[Behala Airport]] || Flying Club
|-
| [[English Bazar|Malda]] || LDA || [[Malda Airport]] ||
|-
| [[Kharagpur]] ||{{mdash}} || Kalaikunda Airport ||
|-
! colspan=5; align=center| Private Airstrips
|-
| [[Asansol]] ||— || [[Burnpur Airport]] || Private airstrip
|-
| [[Durgapur]] ||— || Durgapur Steel Plant Airport ||
|-
! colspan=5; align=center| Military Airbases
|-
| [[Barrackpore]] ||— || [[Barrackpore Air Force Station]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| [[Hasimara]] / New Jalpaiguri || || [[Hasimara Air Force Station]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| [[Kalaikunda]] || —|| [[Kalaikunda Air Force Station]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| [[Kanchrapara]] || —|| [[Air Force Station Kanchrapara]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| [[Panagarh]] || —|| [[Panagarh Air Force Station]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| Salua ||— || [[Air Force Station Salua]] || [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
| Surichua (Planned)<ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/iaf-plans-to-make-birbhum-aerodrome-permanent-base/cid/1792130</ref>||— |||| [[Indian Air Force]]
|-
! colspan=5; align=center| Closed Airstrips/Runways
|-
|-
| [[Asansol]] || — || [[Asansol Airfield]] || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Hijli]] || — || Hijli Airfield || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| Piardoba || || [[Piardoba Airfield]] || World War II [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Dhubulia]] || — || Dhubulia Airstrip || No. 99 Squadron RAF during World War II
|-
| [[Garhbeta]] ||— || Digri Airfield || [[World War II]] RAF 159 Squadron
|-
| [[Guskara]] || — || [[Guskhara Airfield]] || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Jhargram]] || — || [[Dudhkundi Airfield]] || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] 444th Bombardment Group
|-
| [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] || — ||Kalyani air field ||[[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Pandaveswar]] || — || [[Pandaveswar Airfield]] || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Purulia]] || — || [[Charra Airfield]] || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Salboni]] || — || Salboni Airfield || [[World War II]] [[USAAF]] Airstrip
|-
| [[Tarakeswar]] || — || [[Non-directional beacon]] TK 390 kHz ||
|-
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
NSCBI International airport.jpg|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport
Bagdogra_International_Airport.jpg|Bagdogra International Airport
The front facade of Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Andal, Durgapur.jpg|Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport
COB airport.jpg|Cooch Behar Airport
40bg-42-6310takeoff-from-Chakulia-6-1944.jpg|Chakulia Airport in June, 1944
Subhas Chandra Bose arrives at Dum Dum aerodrome.jpg|Subhas Chandra Bose arrives at Kolkata Airport

</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of airports by ICAO code: V#VA VE VI VO - India]]
* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[List of airports in the Kolkata metropolitan area]]
* [[List of Indian Air Force bases]]
* [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Aviation/Airline destination lists: Asia#India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web | url=http://dgca.nic.in/aerodrome/aero_list.pdf | title=Licensed Aerodromes in India | publisher=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] of India | date=2008-11-10 | format=PDF | access-date=2010-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926172324/http://dgca.nic.in/aerodrome/aero_list.pdf | archive-date=2019-09-26 | url-status=dead }}
* [[Airports Authority of India]] website: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100105152053/http://www.airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/airports.jsp AirportsIndia.org.in] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20091212002941/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/airports.jsp AAI.aero]
* {{cite web |url = http://www.icao.int/anb/aig/Taxonomy/R4CDLocationIndicatorsbystate.pdf |title = ICAO Location Indicators by State |format = PDF |publisher = [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] |date = 2006-01-12}}
* {{cite web |url = http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/in.htm |title = UN Location Codes: India |work = [[UN/LOCODE]] 2009-1 |publisher = [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe|UNECE]] |date = 2009-09-23}} - includes IATA codes
* [http://gc.kls2.com/cgi-bin/gclookup?Q=country:IN Great Circle Mapper] - IATA and ICAO codes
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/airbase.htm List of Indian Air Force Stations] at GlobalSecurity.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231108/http://www.aai.aero/misc/Kolkata_A_2013_01.pdf]-AAI NOTAM summary January 2013
* [http://www.midnapore.in/arifield/hijli-airfield.html] - Old airfields of Midnapore


{{Airports in India}}
{{Transport in India}}

[[Category:Airports in West Bengal| ]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in West Bengal|Airports]]
[[Category:Lists of airports in India|West Bengal]]

Bharatmala

2021-09-24T18:55:00Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1: /* Economic Corridors */

{{short description|Indian highway and expressway construction project}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox project
| image = Bharatmala_Pariyojana.png
| country = [[India]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| key_people = [[Nitin Gadkari]]
| ministry = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
| current_status = Active
| established = {{Start date and age|2015|07|31|df=y}}
}}
{{Politics of India}}

The '''Bharatmala Pariyojana''' ({{literal translation}} 'India garland project') is a [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme|centrally-sponsored]] and funded Road and Highways project of the [[Government of India]].<ref name=Ecotimes>{{citation |title=Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned {{INRConvert|14000|c}} road from Gujarat to Mizoram |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-29/news/61652753_1_crore-road-road-connectivity-road-network |date=29 April 2015 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |location=[[New Delhi]] }}</ref> The total investment for {{cvt|83677|km|mi}}<ref name=new1/> committed new highways is estimated at {{INRConvert|5.35|lc}}, making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of December 2017). The project will build highways from [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]] and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] - and then portions of borders of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] alongside [[Terai]], and move to [[West Bengal]], [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], and right up to the [[India–Myanmar barrier|Indo-Myanmar border]] in [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]].<ref name="Ecotimes" /> Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Roads|far-flung border and rural areas]] including the tribal and backward areas. Bharatmala Project will interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total {{cvt|8000|km|mi}}, 116 feeder routes (FR) of total {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} and [[List of National Waterways in India|7 north east Multi-Modal waterway ports]].<ref name=mala1/>

The ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway Projects including the flagship [[National Highways Development Project]] (NHDP), launched by the [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] government in 1998.

It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key [[Government of India]] schemes, such as [[Sagar Mala project|Sagarmala]], [[Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India|Dedicated Freight Corridors]], [[Industrial corridor]]s, [[UDAN|UDAN-RCS]], [[Bharat Broadband Network|BharatNet]], [[Digital India]] and [[Make in India]].

==Scope==
===Context ===
[[India]]'s 54,82,000 km (3,406,000 mi) road network is second largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,10,000 km) are [[National highways in India|national highways]] (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic.<ref name=bm1>[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102504.pdf BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I]</ref> '''Bharatmala phase-I''' will raise the [[National highways in India|NH]] connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts<ref name=dis1>[https://knowindia.gov.in/districts/#:~:text=India%20is%20one%20of%20the,their%20respective%20State%2F%20UT%20Government.].</ref> from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017).<ref name=bm1/> Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the [[India]]'s freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points
across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.<ref name=mala1/>

==== {{anchor | National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation | NHIDCL }} NHIDCL ====
'''National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL)''' was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] by the [[Government of India]] to expedite construction of [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Projects|National Highway projects]] with specific focus on [[Northeast India]].<ref name="NHIDCL1">[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/44746957.cms National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 9 Oct 9 2014.</ref><ref name="NHIDCL2">[http://nhidcl.com/ NHIDCL intro].</ref>

==== {{anchor | Central Road Fund (CRF) | Central Road Fund | CRF }} Central Road Fund (CRF) ====
'''Central Road Fund (CRF)''' was created as a non-lapsable fund under the ''"Central Road Fund Act 2000"'', by imposing a [[cess]] on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]], State roads, [[Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana|rural roads]], railway under/over bridges etc., and [[List of National Waterways in India|national waterways]].<ref name="crf1">[http://www.indianeconomy.net/splclassroom/417/what-is-central-road-fund-crf/ What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?], Indian Economy.</ref>

===Impact===
Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:<ref name=mala1/>
* Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC)
* Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways
* Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.

== Components ==

=== National Highways Development Project (NHDP)===
[[National Highways Development Project|NHDP]] project covers {{cvt|48793|km|mi}}, including {{cvt|28915|km|mi}} completed, {{cvt|10574|km|mi}} under construction and {{cvt|9,304|km|mi}} left for award (as of May 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nhai.gov.in/about-nhdp.htm|title=About NHDP {{!}} National Highways Authority of India, Government of India|website=nhai.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala.<ref name="bm1" />

=== National Corridors (NC) ===
'''National Corridors of India''' (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in [[Golden Quadrilateral]] and 2 in [[North–South and East–West Corridor]]s, including [[Mumbai]] - [[Kolkata]] Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of [[India]]'s freight.<ref name=bm1/> Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors.<ref name=bm1/> Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC.<ref name=bm1/> Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways.<ref name=bm1/> {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridor and {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes will be built.<ref name=bm1/> Additionally, {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of [[Border Roads Organisation#Border infrastructure development|border roads]] and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.<ref name=bm1/>

==== National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)====
'''National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)''' entails {{cvt|5000|km|mi}} phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 28 ring roads of 6 NC.<ref name=bm1/><ref name=mala1/>
<ref name=bminvest>[http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_10112512121216107PKG1BProjectApproval.pdf Investment approval for Phase 1]</ref>

New ring roads in Bharatmala include:
{{Div col |colwidth=9em}}
* [[Agra]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Amaravati|Amaravati]]
* [[Belgaum]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Bangalore|Bengaluru]]
* [[Bhubaneswar]]
* [[Chitradurga]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Delhi|Delhi]]
* [[Dhanbad]]
* [[Dhule]]
* [[Western Peripheral Expressway|Gurugram]]
* [[Indore]]
* [[Jabalpur]]
* [[Jaipur Ring Road|Jaipur]]
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
* [[Lucknow]]
* [[Madurai]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Nagpur|Nagpur]]
* [[Outer Ring Road, Patna|Patna]]
* [[Pune Ring Road|Pune]]
* [[Raipur]]
* [[Ranchi]]
* [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
* [[Sambalpur]]
* [[Shivpuri]]
* [[Solapur]]
* [[Surat]]
* [[Udaipur]]
* [[Varanasi]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
{{div col end }}

===Economic Corridors===
'''Economic Corridors of India''' or '''Industrial Corridors of India''', 44 corridors {{cvt|26200|km|mi}} were identified and {{cvt|9000|km|mi}} will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include:<ref name=mala1>[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation]</ref> 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bm1/>

List of 44 economic corridors (EC):<ref name=mala1/>
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* EC-1: [[Mumbai]]-[[Kolkata]]
* EC-2: [[Mumbai]]-[[Kanyakumari]]
* EC-3: [[Amritsar]]-[[Jamnagar]]
* EC-4: [[Kandla]]-[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
* EC-5: [[Agra]]-[[Mumbai]]
* EC-6: [[Pune]]-[[Vijayawada]]
* EC-7: [[Raipur]]-[[Dhanbad]]
* EC-8: [[Ludhiana]]-[[Ajmer]]
* EC-9: [[Surat]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-10: [[Hyderabad]]-[[Panaji]]
* EC-11: [[Jaipur]]-[[Indore]]
* EC-12: [[Solapur]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-13: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]-[[Varanasi]]
* EC-14: [[Kharagpur]]-[[Siliguri]]
* EC-15: [[Raipur]]-[[Vishakapatnam]]
* EC-16: [[Delhi]]-[[Lucknow]]
* EC-17: [[Chennai]]-[[Kurnool]]
* EC-18: [[Indore]]-[[Nagpur]]
* EC-19: [[Chennai]]-[[Madurai]]
* EC-20: [[Mangaluru]]-[[Raichur]]
* EC-21: [[Tuticorin]]-[[Cochin]]
* EC-22: [[Solapur]]-[[Bellary]]-[[Gooty]]
* EC-23: [[Hyderabad]]-[[Aurangabad]]
* EC-24: [[Delhi]]-[[Kanpur]]
* EC-25: [[Tharad]]-[[Phalodi]]
* EC-26: [[Nagaur]]-Mandi Dabawli
* EC-27: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]-[[Lucknow]]
* EC-28: [[Sambalpur]]-[[Paradeep]]
* EC-29: [[Amreli]]-[[Vadodra]]
* EC-30: [[Godhra]]-[[Khargone]]
* EC-31: [[Sambalpur]]-[[Ranchi]]
* EC-32: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Malappuram]]
* EC-33: [[Raisen]]-[[Patharia|Pathariya]]
* EC-34: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Mangaluru]]
* EC-35: [[Chittaurgarh]]-[[Indore]]
* EC-36: [[Bilaspur, Haryana|Bilaspur]]-[[New Delhi]]
* EC-37: [[Solapur]]-[[Mahabubnagar]]
* EC-38: [[Bengaluru]]-[[Nellore]]
* EC-39: [[Ajmer]]-[[Udaipur]]
* EC-40: [[Sirsa]]-[[Delhi]]
* EC-41: [[Sirohi]]-[[Beawar]]
* EC-42: [[Jaipur]]-[[Agra]]
* EC-43: [[Pune]]-[[Aurangabad]]
* EC-44: North East Corridor
{{div col end}}

====Logistics parks====
Logistics parks entailing 45% of [[India]]'s freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bminvest/>

{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Ambala]]
* [[Bengaluru]]
* [[Bathinda]]
* [[Bhopal]]
* [[Chennai]]
* [[Cochin]]
* [[Coimbatore]]
* [[Guwahati]]
* [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]
* [[Hyderabad]]
* [[Indore]]
* [[Jagatsinghpur]]
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Jammu]]
* [[Kandla]]
* [[Kolkata]]
* [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]]
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Nashik]]
* [[Panaji]]
* [[Patna]]
* [[Pune]]
* [[Raipur]]
* [[Rajkot]]
* [[Solan]]
* [[Sundargarh]]
* [[Valsad]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
* [[Visakhapatnam]]
* North Gujarat
** [[Ahmedabad]]
** [[Vadodara]]
* South Gujarat
** [[Surat]]
** [[Bharuch]]
* North Punjab
** [[Jalandhar]]
** [[Amritsar]]
** [[Gurdaspur]]
* South Punjab
** [[Ludhiana]]
** [[Sangrur]]
** [[Patiala]]
* [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi-NCR]]
** [[Delhi]]
** [[Faridabad]] ([[Manesar#Industrial Model Township, Manesar|IMT Manesar]])
** [[Narnaul]] ([[Nangal Choudhary#Integrated Multimodel Logistics Hub (IMLH)|Nangal Choudhary IMHL]])
** [[Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|Ghaziabad]]
* [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region|MMR]]
** [[Mumbai]]
** [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai suburbs]]
** [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|Jnpt]]
** [[Mumbai Port Trust|Mumbai Port]]
** [[Thane]]
** [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
{{div col end}}

====Northeast India connectivity====
North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on [[Brahmaputra]]
on the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf bharatmala route (slide 21)].<ref name=mala1/>
{{Div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Dhubri#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Dhubri]]
* [[Silghat#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Silghat]]
* [[Biswanath Chariali#Biswanath Ghat|Biswanath Ghat]]
* [[Jorhat#Neamati multimodal waterways terminal|Neamati]]
* [[Dibrugarh#Waterways|Dibrugarh]]
* [[Sissiborgaon#Sengajan multimodal waterways terminal|Sengajan]]
* [[Barpathar#Oriyamghat multimodal waterways terminal|Oriyamghat]]
{{div col end}}

====International connectivity====
{{see also|Ministry_for_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region#Northeast_India_connectivity_projects| label 1 = Northeast connectivity projects | India–Myanmar_barrier#Look-East_Connectivity | label 2 = Look-East connectivity}}
[[India–Myanmar barrier#Look-East Connectivity|Look-East Connectivity]] will be further developed in the [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala routes (slide 22)].<ref name=mala1/>
* 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs)
* Transit through Bangladesh to improve [[Northeast India]]
* Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation|BIMSTEC]] corridors.

==Finance==
*'''Total budget''' {{INRConvert|692324|c}} for 5 years Bharatmala project from 2017 to 2022.<ref name=new3/>
** '''{{INRConvert|157324|c}} existing NH projects''' subsumed under Bharatmala, such as incomplete [[List of National Highways in India by highway number|National Highways]], [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region#Projects|SARDP-NE]], Externally Aided Projects (EAP, e.g. [[world Bank]] and [[Asian Development Bank|ADB]]), and Left Wing Extremism roads (LWE).<ref name=bm1/>
** '''{{INRConvert|535000|c}} phase-I''' to be completed during 2017-dec 2019:<ref name=bm1/><ref name=bm2>{{citation |title=Govt plans Bharat Mala, a 5,000km road network |url=http://timesofindia.com/india/Govt-plans-Bharat-Mala-a-5000km-road-network/articleshow/47102122.cms |date=30 April 2015 |location=[[New Delhi]] |work=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|209000|c}} through market borrowings.<ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|106000|c}} through private investments.<ref name=new3/>
*** {{INRConvert|219000|c}} through the Central Road Fund (CRF) and tolls:<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|97000|c}} from CRF.<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|34000|c}} from new toll monetisation of completed highways.<ref name=new3/>
**** {{INRConvert|46048|c}} from current toll fee from Toll-Permanent Bridge Fee Fund (PBFF)).<ref name=new3>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=171930 new release]</ref>
* '''Fy2017-18:'''<ref name=roa1>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62235342.cms Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 24 Dec 2017.</ref>
* {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} highways built at the rate of 27 km/day,
* {{INRConvert|65000|c}} through allocation in the national budget.
* '''Fy2018-19:'''<ref name=roa1/>
** {{cvt|24000|km|mi}} will be awarded.
** {{cvt|12000|km|mi}} will be completed.
** {{INRConvert|163000|c}} total spend:
*** {{INRConvert|78000|c}} through allocation in the national budget,
*** {{INRConvert|60000|c}} through bonds,
*** {{INRConvert|25000|c}} through toll monetisation of 30 completed highways.

==Implementation phases: 2017-2022==
The plan envisages the construction of {{cvt|83677|km|mi}} roads, including {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} of additional highways and roads across the country,<ref name=new1>{{citation |title=Ministry proposes construction of 20,000 km of roads under Bharat Mala project |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-09/news/69634613_1_draft-cabinet-note-finance-ministry-roads-ministry |date=9 January 2016 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |location=[[New Delhi]] }}</ref> apart from an existing plan of building {{cvt|48877|km|mi}} of new highways by the [[National Highway Authority of India]].<ref name=roa1/> Bharatmala has synergy with [[Sagarmala]].<ref name=new11/>

=== Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022===
The total length of {{cvt|34800|km|mi}} highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including {{cvt|24800|km|mi}} of new highways and another {{cvt|10000|km|mi}} currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under [[National Highways Development Project|NHDP]].<ref name=award1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/first-phase-of-bharatmala-pariyojana-to-start-by-end-of-2018-gadkari-2419571.cms|title=First phase of Bharatmala Pariyojana to start by end of 2018: Gadkari|website=Moneycontrol|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-29}}</ref><ref name=new11>[http://www.firstpost.com/business/nitin-gadkari-press-conference-live-focus-on-road-dev-will-ensure-investments-say-expert-4173547.html Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister], First Post, 25 Oct 2017.</ref><ref name=new1/><ref name=award2>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/industry/highway-construction-target-for-nitin-gadkari-led-road-transport-ministry-is-30-km-per-day-too-much-of-a-stretch/701339/|title=Highway construction target for Nitin Gadkari-led Road Transport Ministry: Is 30 km per day too much of a stretch?|date=2017-06-05|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Road Type
! Total Length<ref name=bm1/>
! Phase-I Length<ref name=bm1/>
! Notes
|-
|''Economic Corridors''
| {{cvt|26200|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|9000|km|mi}}
| 44 EC corridors exclude 6 NC.<ref name=mala1/>
|-
|''Inter-corridor & feeder Routes''
| {{cvt|15500|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|6000|km|mi}}
| 66 {{cvt|8000|km|mi}} inter-corridors (IC) & 116 {{cvt|7500|km|mi}} feeder routes (FR).<ref name=mala1/><ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''National Corridors Efficiency Program''
|
| {{cvt|5000|km|mi}}
| 6-8 laning, bypasses and ring roads of 6 NC.<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''Border & International connectivity roads''
| {{cvt|5300|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} of [[Border Roads Organisation#Border infrastructure development|border roads]] and {{cvt|2000|km|mi}} to connect 6 national corridors to international trade routes, such as [[BIMSTEC]], [[India–Myanmar barrier#India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway|MIT]] and BIN (Bangladesh-[[India]]-[[Nepal]]).<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|''Coastal & Port connectivity roads''
|
| {{cvt|2000|km|mi}}
| Synergy with [[Sagarmala]].
|-
|''Expressways''
| {{cvt|1600|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|800|km|mi}}
| NC stretches converted to expressway.<ref name=bm1/>
|-
|'''Total under Bharatmala Pariyojana'''
|
| '''{{cvt|24800|km|mi}}'''
|
|-
|''NH remaining under NHDP''
| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}
| {{cvt|10000|km|mi}}
|
|-
|'''Total to be built or upgraded'''
| '''{{cvt|83677|km|mi}}'''<ref name=new1/>
| '''{{cvt|34800|km|mi}}'''
|
|}

===Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)===
Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Transport|Roads|Railways}}

; Similar rail development
* [[Future of rail transport in India]], rail development

; Similar roads development
* Bharatmala components or predecessors
** [[Diamond Quadrilateral]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[Golden Quadrilateral]], completed national road development connectivity older scheme
** [[National Highways Development Project]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
** [[North-South and East-West Corridor]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[India-China Border Roads]], Subsumed in Bharatmala
* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[Setu Bharatam]], river road bridge development in India

; Similar ports and river transport development
* [[Indian Rivers Inter-link]]
* [[List of National Waterways in India]]
* [[Sagar Mala project]], national water port development connectivity scheme

; Similar air transport development
* [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]]
* [[UDAN]], national airport development connectivity scheme

; Highways in India
* [[List of National Highways in India by highway number]]
* [[List of National Highways in India]]

; General
* [[Transport in India]]
* [[Aerial lift in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation - Oct 2017]
* [https://morth.nic.in/bharatmala-phase bharatmala-phase], MorTH, GoI.

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Proposed road infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]

List of governors of West Bengal

2021-09-22T17:14:16Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1: /* List of governors */

{{short description|Bharatpedia list article}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = [[Governor]]
| native_name = পশ্চিমবঙ্গের রাজ্যপাল
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = '''Raj Bhavan'''
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| image = Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar.jpg
| incumbent = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2019|7|30}}
| style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| residence = {{plainlist|
*[[Raj Bhavan, Kolkata]] {{small|(primary)}}
*[[Raj Bhavan, Darjeeling]] {{small|(summer)}}}}
| termlength = 5 Years
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1947|08|15}}
| inaugural = [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
| website = http://rajbhavankolkata.nic.in
| body = West Bengal
|status = [[Head of state]] of West Bengal
}}
[[Image:IN-WB.svg|thumb|The state of West Bengal in India]]The '''Governor of West Bengal''' is the nominal [[head of state]] of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and a representative of the [[President of India]]. The governor is appointed by the president for a term of five years. His official residence is the [[Raj Bhavan, Kolkata|Raj Bhavan]]. [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] became the governor of West Bengal on 30 July 2019.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/keshari-nath-tripathi-to-be-sworn-in-as-west-bengal-governor-today_949710.html |title= sworn in as Bengal Governor |date=24 July 2014|access-date=27 July 2014|publisher= Zee News}}</ref>

==History==
In 1911 the [[Empire|Imperial]] capital of India was moved from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]] and as some compensation to [[Bengal]] the [[lieutenant governor]] with council gave place to a governor with a council thus completing the circle and reverting to the position which had been obtained 200 years ago. In 1947 India achieved [[Independence of India|independence]] and the title of ''Governor of Bengal'' remained.

==Powers and functions==
{{See also|Governors of India#Powers and functions}}
The Governor enjoys many different types of powers:

*'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,
*'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and
*'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.

===''Ex officio'' Role of Governor===
In his ''ex officio'' capacity, the Governor of West Bengal is Chancellor of the universities of West Bengal (at present{{clarify timeframe|date=November 2019}} 16) as per the Acts of the Universities. The Universities are: [[University of Calcutta]]; [[Jadavpur University]]; [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]; [[University of Kalyani]]; [[Rabindra Bharati University]]; [[Vidyasagar University]]; [[University of Burdwan]]; [[North Bengal University]]; [[Netaji Subhas Open University]]; [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]]; [[Aliah University]]; [[Bankura University]]; [[Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University]]; [[Diamond Harbour Women's University]]; [[University of Gour Banga]]; [[Kazi Nazrul University]]; [[Raiganj University]]; [[Sidho Kanho Birsha University]]; [[The Sanskrit College and University|Sanskrit College and University]]; [[West Bengal University of Teachers' Training, Education Planning and Administration]]; [[Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya]]; [[Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya]]; [[West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences]]; [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]] and [[West Bengal State University]]. For [[Visva Bharati]], the Governor is the Pradhana ([[Rector (academia)|Rector]]).

The Governor is also the Chairman / President of some organizations such as [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata|Victoria Memorial Hall]], [[Indian Museum]], [[Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture]], Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre, [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies]] (MAKAIAS), Calcutta Cultural Centre (Kolkata Kala Kendra), Special Fund for R&R of Ex-servicemen, West Bengal Rajya Sainik Board, Sri Aurobindo Samiti, [[Indian Red Cross]] Society - West Bengal State Branch, [[St. John Ambulance Brigade]] No. II (West Bengal) District, [[Bharat Scouts and Guides]] and the Bengal Tuberculosis Association.

Governor of West Bengal’s Welfare Fund, has the governor as its chairman. Contributions from this Fund are given to the needy people for meeting, to some extent the cost of their treatment. Besides the above, at his discretion, the Governor, accepts the position of Chief [[Patron]]/Patron or other posts in the honorary capacity, in various organizations that are rendering [[yeoman]] service to the society in different fields.

==List of governors==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! Portrait
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
|-
| 1
| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|90px]]
! [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
| 15 August 1947
| 21 June 1948
|-
| 2
| [[File:Kailash Nath Katju.jpg|90px]]
! [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
| 21 June 1948
| 1 November 1951
|-
| 3
| {{dash}}
! [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
| 1 November 1951
| 8 August 1956
|-
| 4
| {{dash}}
! [[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]]
| 8 August 1956
| 3 November 1956
|-
| 5
| {{dash}}
! [[Padmaja Naidu]]
| 3 November 1956
| 1 June 1967
|-
| 6
| [[File:Dharma Vir, ICS.jpg|90px]]
! [[Dharma Vira]]
| 1 June 1967
| 1 April 1969
|-
| 7
| {{dash}}
! [[Deep Narayan Sinha]] ''(acting)''
| 1 April 1969
| 19 September 1969
|-
| 8
| {{dash}}
! [[Shanti Swaroop Dhavan]]
| 19 September 1969
| 21 August 1971
|-
| 9
| {{dash}}
! [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]
| 21 August 1971
| 6 November 1979
|-
| 10
| {{dash}}
! [[Tribhuvana Narayana Singh]]
| 6 November 1979
| 12 September 1981
|-
| 11
| [[File:Bhairab Dutt Pandey Official portrait 1983.jpg|90px]]
! [[Bhairab Dutt Pande]]
| 12 September 1981
| 10 October 1983
|-
| 12
| [[File:Anant Prasad Sharma Official portrait 1983.jpg|100px]]
! [[Anant Prasad Sharma]]
| 10 October 1983
| 16 August 1984
|-
| 13
| {{dash}}
! [[Satish Chandra (politician)|Satish Chandra]] ''(acting)''
| 16 August 1984
| 1 October 1984
|-
| 14
| {{dash}}
! [[Uma Shankar Dikshit]]
| 1 October 1984
| 12 August 1986
|-
| 15
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
| 12 August 1986
| 20 March 1989
|-
| 16
| [[File:T. V. Rajeswar (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[T. V. Rajeswar]]
| 20 March 1989
| 7 February 1990
|-
| (15)
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
| 7 February 1990
| 12 July 1993
|-
| 17
| {{dash}}
! [[B. Satyanarayan Reddy]] ''(additional charge)''
| 13 July 1993
| 14 August 1993
|-
| 18
| {{dash}}
! [[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]
| 14 August 1993
| 27 April 1998
|-
| 19
| [[File:A. R. Kidwai Official portrait 2004.jpg|90px]]
! [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
| 27 April 1998
| 18 May 1999
|-
| 20
| [[File:Shyamal Kumar Sen - Kolkata 2012-10-03 0512.JPG|90px]]
! [[Shyamal Kumar Sen]]
| 18 May 1999
| 4 December 1999
|-
| 21
| [[File:Viren J Shah - Kolkata 2004-05-02 1366.jpg|90px]]
! [[Viren J. Shah]]
| 4 December 1999
| 14 December 2004
|-
| 22
| [[File:Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Chatham House 2010 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]
| 14 December 2004
| 14 December 2009
|-
| 23
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee attending the Launching Ceremony of Agriculture Road Map of Bihar (2012-2017), at Patna, in Bihar. The Governor of Bihar, Shri Devanand Konwar and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar are also seen (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Devanand Konwar]] ''(additional charge)''
| 14 December 2009
| 23 January 2010
|-
| 24
| [[File:Mayankote Kelath Narayanan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2702 Cropped.JPG|90px]]
! [[M.K. Narayanan]]
| 24 January 2010
| 30 June 2014
|-
| 25
| [[File:Shri D.Y. Patil (cropped, 3x4).jpg|90px]]
! [[D. Y. Patil]] ''(additional charge)''<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr D Y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 July 2014}}</ref>
| 3 July 2014
| 17 July 2014
|-
| 26
| [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|90px]]
! [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]
| 24 July 2014
| 29 July 2019
|-
| 27
| [[File:Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar.jpg|90px]]
! [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=www.livelaw.in |date=20 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| 30 July 2019
| ''Incumbent''
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[West Bengal]]
*[[Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of states of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in Raj Bhavan's (Governor's residence) official website]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190646/http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/const_role.htm Constitutional role of Governor]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190654/http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/ex_off.htm ''Ex officio'' role of Governor]
** [http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/pastgov1912_new.html title=Governors of Bengal from 1912 up to the present day]

{{Governors_and_Lt_Governors_of_Indian_States}}

{{Governors of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Governors of West Bengal| ]]
[[Category:West Bengal-related lists|Governors]]
[[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|West Bengal]]

Sukanta Majumdar

2021-09-22T13:45:51Z

2409:4071:2496:1872:0:0:23E3:88A1:

{{short description|Indian politician }}

{{use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-suffix =[[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| education =[[M.Sc.]], [[B.Ed.]], [[Ph.D.]] (Botany)
| alma_mater=[[University of North Bengal]]
| name = Sukanta Majumdar
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Majumdar official portrait
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|12|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Balurghat]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]]
| term_start1 = 19 June 2019
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Arpita Ghosh]]
| successor1 =
| majority1 = 33,293
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Koyel Chowdhury|6 December 2008}}
| children = 2
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = May
| year =2019
| signature = Dr.sukanta-majumdar-signature.jpg
| source = http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5035
| profession = [[Teaching]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| office = 10th [[Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal|President of Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal]]
| predecessor = [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]]
| termstart = 20 September 2021
}}
'''Dr. Sukanta Kumar Majumdar''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]], [[West Bengal]] in the [[2019 Indian general election]]. Currently, he is the 10th state president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[West Bengal]]. He has done his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in [[Botany]] from the [[University of North Bengal]]. He is a professor of Botany at the [[University of Gour Banga]]. He was nominated as the Chief of West Bengal BJP on 20 September 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/balurghat-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154547.html | title=Balurghat Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Dr. Sukanta Majumdar of BJP Wins | publisher=News 18| date=23 May 2019 | accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/balurghat-wb-election-2019-balurghat-election-results-candidates-voter-population-polling-percentage/407165 | title=Balurghat Election Result 2019: BJP's Sukanta Majumdar defeats TMC MP Arpita Ghosh, wins by 33,293 votes | publisher=Times Now | date=24 May 2019 | accessdate=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/telling-numbers-30-of-mps-under-age-40-are-postgrads-including-2-doctorates-5761537/ | title=Telling Numbers: 30% of MPs under age 40 are postgrads, including 2 doctorates | publisher=The Indian Express | date=3 June 2019 | accessdate=18 March 2020}}</ref> He was appointed as President of Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal on 20 September 2021, replacing [[Dilip Ghosh (politician)|Dilip Ghosh]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-20|title=BJP MP Sukanta Majumdar replaces Dilip Ghosh as party's Bengal president|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-mp-sukanta-majumdar-replaces-dilip-ghosh-as-party-s-bengal-president-101632151173618.html|access-date=2021-09-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=2021-09-20|title=Sukanta Majumdar replaces Dilip Ghosh as West Bengal BJP president|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sukanta-majumdar-replaces-dilip-ghosh-as-west-bengal-bjp-president/article36575560.ece|access-date=2021-09-20|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5035 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
{{17th Lok Sabha members from all states}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Majumdar, Sukanta}}
[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:People from Balurghat]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:University of North Bengal alumni]]

{{BJP-politician-stub}}