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List of current Indian chief ministers

2022-01-18T17:50:00Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{short description|Chief ministers of the Indian states and union territories}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
[[File:State- and union territory-level parties.svg|alt=|thumb|350x350px|Current ruling parties in India
{{legend|#ff9933|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (12)}}
{{legend|#ffc969|[[National Democratic Alliance|Coalition with BJP]] (6)}}
{{legend|#00bfff|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (3)}}{{Legend|#00ebff|[[United Progressive Alliance|Coalition with INC]] (3)}}
{{legend|#ff0001|Other parties ([[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]], [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]], [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]], [[CPI (M)]], [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]], [[YSRCP]])}}
{{legend|#000000|[[President's rule]] (1)}}
{{legend|#808080|[[Union territory|No legislature]] (5)}}]]

In the [[Republic of India]], a [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] is the [[head of government]] of each of the [[States and union territories of India|twenty-eight states]] and three of the eight [[Union territory|union territories]]. According to the [[Constitution of India]], at the state-level, the [[Governor (India)|governor]] is ''[[de jure]]'' head, but ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|state legislative assembly]], the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the [[State governments of India|state government]]. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the assembly. Given they have the assembly's confidence, the chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years; there are no limits to the [[term limit|number of terms]] they can serve.<ref>[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th edition, 2011 reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}.</ref>

{{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}, the office of the [[chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] is vacant. Of the thirty incumbents, one is a [[List of female chief ministers in India|woman]]—[[Mamata Banerjee]] in West Bengal. Serving since 5 March 2000 (for {{age in years and days|2000|3|5}}), Odisha's [[Naveen Patnaik]] has the [[List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers|longest incumbency]]. Mizoram's [[Zoramthanga]] (b. 13 July 1944) is the oldest Chief Minister, while Arunachal Pradesh's [[Pema Khandu]] (b. 21 August 1979) is the youngest Chief Minister.<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meet-pema-khandu-indias-youngest-chief-minister/article8862288.ece Meet Pema Khandu: India’s youngest Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717102529/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meet-pema-khandu-indias-youngest-chief-minister/article8862288.ece |date=17 July 2016 }}". ''[[The Hindu]]''. 17 July 2016.</ref> [[Nitish Kumar]] of Bihar has served for the most terms (7).<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Nitish Kumar set to become longest serving Chief Minister of Bihar, swearing-in next week |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-nitish-kumar-set-to-become-longest-serving-chief-minister-of-bihar-swearing-in-next-week-664188 |access-date=29 November 2020 |work=India TV News |date=12 November 2020}}</ref> [[List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party|Twelve incumbents]] belong to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress|three]] to the [[Indian National Congress]]; no other party has more than one chief minister in office.

==Current Indian chief ministers==
{| class="toccolours" style="width:75em"
! Colour key for parties
|-
| {{colbegin|colwidth=23em}}
{{legend|{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}|[[All India N.R. Congress]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|[[Biju Janata Dal]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}|[[Janata Dal (United)]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Mizo National Front}}|[[Mizo National Front]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|National Democratic Progressive Party}}|[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}|[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Shiv Sena}}|[[Shiv Sena]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}|[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}|[[YSR Congress Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|White|N/A ([[President's rule]])|outline=#000000}}
{{colend}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
!scope=col| State {{small|(past chief ministers)}}
!scope=col| Name<ref>[https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/whos-who/chief-ministers Chief Ministers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809151722/https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/whos-who/chief-ministers |date=9 August 2019 }}. [[India.gov.in]]. Retrieved on 9 July 2019.</ref>
!scope=col class=unsortable| Portrait
!scope=col| Took office {{small|(tenure length)}}
!scope=col colspan=2| Party{{efn|This column names only the chief minister's party. The ministry (s)he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.}}
! colspan="2" |Alliance
!scope=col| Ministry
!scope=col class=unsortable| Ref
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}
! [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|5|30}} ({{ayd|2019|5|30}})
| [[YSR Congress Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
| colspan="2" | ''None''
|[[Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy ministry|Reddy]]
|<ref>"[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jagan-mohan-reddy-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-cm/articleshow/69576201.cms Jagan Mohan Reddy takes oath as Andhra Pradesh CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604104738/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jagan-mohan-reddy-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-cm/articleshow/69576201.cms |date=4 June 2019 }}". ''The Economic Times''. Press Trust of India. 30 May 2019.</ref>
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}
! [[Pema Khandu]]
| [[File:Pema Khandu in July 2016.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|7|17}} ({{ayd|2016|7|17}})
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" | [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Second Pema Khandu ministry|Khandu II]]
|<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Pema-Khandu-sworn-in-as-Chief-Minister-of-Arunachal-Pradesh/article14494230.ece Pema Khandu sworn in as Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713182538/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Pema-Khandu-sworn-in-as-Chief-Minister-of-Arunachal-Pradesh/article14494230.ece |date=13 July 2019 }}". ''The Hindu''. 17 July 2016.</ref><ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/BJP-forms-govt-in-Arunachal-Pradesh/article16969345.ece BJP forms govt in Arunachal Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303125941/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/BJP-forms-govt-in-Arunachal-Pradesh/article16969345.ece |date=3 March 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 31 December 2016.</ref>
|-
|[[Assam]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Assam|list]])}}
! [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| [[File:Himanta Biswa Sarma,.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|5|10}} ({{ayd|2021|5|10}})
| [[Sarma ministry|Sarma]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 May 2021|title=Himanta Biswa Sarma to be new Assam CM; credited as man behind BJP's surge in North East-Politics News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-to-be-new-assam-cm-credited-as-man-behind-bjps-surge-in-north-east-9358121.html|access-date=10 May 2021|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 2021|title=Himanta Biswa Sarma Swearing-in LIVE Updates: JP Nadda to Attend Oath-Taking Ceremony|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-swearing-in-live-updates-sarbananda-sonowal-bjp-assam-pm-narendra-modi-jp-nadda-3722531.html|access-date=10 May 2021|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Bihar|list]])}}
! [[Nitish Kumar]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar meeting with the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission, Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia to finalize Annual Plan 2007-08 of the State, in New Delhi on February 14, 2007 (Nitish Kumar) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|2|22}} ({{ayd|2015|2|22}})
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
| [[Seventh Nitish Kumar ministry|Nitish Kumar VII]]
|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kumar|first1=Arun|title=Grand Alliance to NDA: Nitish Kumar changes partner, continues as Bihar CM|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nitish-kumar-to-take-oath-as-bihar-cm-today-has-to-prove-majority-in-2-days/story-WBikrjP7rhks4sQHEFGWkN.html|access-date=27 July 2017|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=27 July 2017|location=Patna|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727062156/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nitish-kumar-to-take-oath-as-bihar-cm-today-has-to-prove-majority-in-2-days/story-WBikrjP7rhks4sQHEFGWkN.html|archive-date=27 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Chhattisgarh|list]])}}
! [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| [[File:Bhupesh Baghel.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|12|17}} ({{ayd|2018|12|17}})
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Baghel ministry|Baghel]]
|<ref>"[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-elections-2018/bhupesh-baghel-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-of-chhattisgarh/article25764821.ece Bhupesh Baghel sworn in as Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218061436/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/chhattisgarh-assembly-elections-2018/bhupesh-baghel-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-of-chhattisgarh/article25764821.ece |date=18 December 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 17 December 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Delhi]]{{efn|name=UT|Although Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry each have an elected legislature and a council of ministers (headed by the chief minister), they are officially [[Union territory|union territories]].}} {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Delhi|list]])}}
! [[Arvind Kejriwal]]
| [[File:Arvind Kejriwal September 02, 2017 crop.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2015|2|14}} ({{ayd|2015|2|14}})
| [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| [[Federal Front|FF]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Federal Front}}" |
|[[Third Kejriwal ministry|Kejriwal III]]
|<ref>Smriti Kak Ramachandran, Shubhomoy Sikdar. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-takes-oath-as-delhi-cm-promises-to-act-against-graft/article6895671.ece Kejriwal promises to make Delhi graft-free in 5 years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303125941/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/kejriwal-takes-oath-as-delhi-cm-promises-to-act-against-graft/article6895671.ece |date=3 March 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 14 February 2015.</ref>
|-
| [[Goa]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Goa|list]])}}
! [[Pramod Sawant]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Goa, Shri Pramod Sawant.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|3|19}} ({{ayd|2019|3|19}})
| rowspan="4" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="4" width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" | [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Pramod Sawant ministry|Sawant]]
|<ref>Murari Shetye. "[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-speaker-pramod-sawant-succeeds-parrikar-as-cm/articleshow/68473049.cms Goa speaker Pramod Sawant succeeds Parrikar as CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319124214/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-speaker-pramod-sawant-succeeds-parrikar-as-cm/articleshow/68473049.cms |date=19 March 2019 }}" ''The Times of India''. 19 March 2019.</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|list]])}}
! [[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
| [[File:Bhupendra PAtel Sanskrit.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|09|13}} ({{ayd|2021|09|13}})
| [[Bhupendrabhai Patel ministry|Patel]]
|13
|-
| [[Haryana]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Haryana|list]])}}
! [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| [[File:Manohar Lal Khattar 2015.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|10|26}} ({{ayd|2014|10|26}})
|[[Second Khattar ministry|Khattar II]]
|<ref>Sarabjit Pandher. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khattar-swornin-as-haryana-chief-minister/article6535007.ece Khattar sworn in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303125941/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/khattar-swornin-as-haryana-chief-minister/article6535007.ece |date=3 March 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 26 October 2014.</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Himachal Pradesh|list]])}}
! [[Jai Ram Thakur]]
| [[File:Jai Ram Thakur.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|12|27}} ({{ayd|2017|12|27}})
| [[Jai Ram Thakur ministry|Thakur]]
|<ref>"[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jairam-thakur-swearing-in-live-updates-himachal-pradesh-5000491/ Jai Ram Thakur sworn in as Himachal Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124071446/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/jairam-thakur-swearing-in-live-updates-himachal-pradesh-5000491/ |date=24 January 2018 }}". ''The Indian Express''. 27 December 2017.</ref>
|-
| [[Jharkhand]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand|list]])}}
! [[Hemant Soren]]
| [[File:Chief Minister of Jharkhand Shri Hemant Soren.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|12|29}} ({{ayd|2019|12|29}})
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}" |
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Second Hemant Soren ministry|Soren II]]
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Hemant Soren takes oath as 11th Chief Minister of Jharkhand|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hemant-soren-takes-oath-as-11th-chief-minister-of-jharkhand/article30424879.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=29 December 2019|date=29 December 2019|last1=Barik|first1=Satyasundar}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karnataka]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Karnataka|list]])}}
! [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
| [[File:Bommai, in New Delhi on August 17, 2012 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|28}} ({{ayd|2021|7|28}})
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Basavaraj Bommai ministry|Bommai]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 July 2021|title=Basavaraj Bommai sworn in as Chief Minister of Karnataka|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/basavaraj-bommai-sworn-in-as-new-chief-minister-of-karnataka/article35576498.ece|access-date=30 August 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-

| [[Kerala]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Kerala|list]])}}
! [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| [[File:Pinarayi Vijayan 1.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2016|5|25}} ({{ayd|2016|5|25}})
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| colspan="2" |''None''
|[[Second Vijayan ministry|Vijayan II]]
|<ref>C. Gouridasan Nair. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ldf-cabinet-sworn-in-pinarayi-vijayan-takes-over-as-cm/article8645724.ece Pinarayi takes charge as Kerala Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525115437/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ldf-cabinet-sworn-in-pinarayi-vijayan-takes-over-as-cm/article8645724.ece |date=25 May 2016 }}". ''The Hindu''. 25 May 2016.</ref>
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh|list]])}}
! [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|[[File:Shivraj Singh Chouhan (Cropped 3).jpg|alt=|123x123px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2020|03|23}} ({{ayd|2020|3|23}})
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Fourth Chouhan ministry|Chouhan IV]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Noronha |first1=Rahul |title=BJP's Shivraj Singh Chouhan sworn in as Madhya Pradesh CM for fourth time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23 |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=India Today |date=23 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Maharashtra]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|list]])}}
! [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|11|28}} ({{ayd|2019|11|28}})
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Thackeray ministry|Thackeray]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vyas |first1=Sharad |title=Uddhav Thackeray sworn in as Maharashtra Chief Minister; 6 Cabinet Ministers take oath |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uddhav-thackeray-sworn-in-as-maharashtra-chief-minister/article30109433.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=28 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129133021/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uddhav-thackeray-sworn-in-as-maharashtra-chief-minister/article30109433.ece |archive-date=29 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Manipur]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Manipur|list]])}}
! [[N. Biren Singh|Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Manipur, Shri Biren Singh calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, in New Delhi on September 06, 2017 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|3|15}} ({{ayd|2017|3|15}})
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[N. Biren Singh ministry|Singh]]
|<ref>Isha Gupta. "[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/biren-singh-manipur-chief-minister/1/904413.html BJP leader Biren Singh sworn in as Manipur Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315121302/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/biren-singh-manipur-chief-minister/1/904413.html |date=15 March 2017 }}". ''[[India Today]]''. 15 March 2017.</ref>
|-
| [[Meghalaya]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Meghalaya|list]])}}
! [[Conrad Sangma]]
| [[File:The Chief Minister of Meghalaya, Shri Conrad Sangma.JPG|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|6}} ({{ayd|2018|3|6}})
| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[Conrad Sangma ministry|Sangma]]
|<ref>Shiv Sahay Singh. "[http://www.thehindu.com/elections/meghalaya-2018/conrad-sangma-sworn-in-as-meghalaya-cm/article22940327.ece Conrad Sangma sworn-in as Meghalaya CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306062000/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/meghalaya-2018/conrad-sangma-sworn-in-as-meghalaya-cm/article22940327.ece |date=6 March 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 6 March 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Mizoram]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Mizoram|list]])}}
! [[Zoramthanga]]
| [[File:Zoramthanga in 2008.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|12|15}} ({{ayd|2018|12|15}})
| [[Mizo National Front]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Mizo National Front}}" |
|[[Third Zoramthanga ministry|Zoramthanga III]]
|<ref>Rahul Karmakar. "[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018-mnf-leader-zoramthanga-sworn-in-as-mizorams-new-chief-minister/article25750995.ece Zoramthanga sworn in Mizoram Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218061436/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018-mnf-leader-zoramthanga-sworn-in-as-mizorams-new-chief-minister/article25750995.ece |date=18 December 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 15 December 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Nagaland]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Nagaland|list]])}}
! [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| [[File:NeiphiuRio.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|8}} ({{ayd|2018|3|8}})
| [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}" |
| [[Fourth Rio ministry|Rio IV]]
|<ref>Rahul Karmakar. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/neiphiu-rio-sworn-in-as-nagaland-chief-minister/article22976837.ece Neiphiu Rio takes charge as Nagaland Chief Minister again] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218061436/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/neiphiu-rio-sworn-in-as-nagaland-chief-minister/article22976837.ece |date=18 December 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 8 March 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Odisha|list]])}}
! [[Naveen Patnaik]]
| [[File:NaveenPatnaik.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2000|3|5}} ({{ayd|2000|3|5}})
| [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
| colspan="2" |''None''
|[[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Patnaik V]]
|<ref>N. Ramdas. "[http://hindu.com/thehindu/2000/03/06/stories/01060008.htm Naveen Govt. installed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311125537/http://hindu.com/thehindu/2000/03/06/stories/01060008.htm |date=11 March 2014 }}". ''The Hindu''. 6 March 2000.</ref>
|-
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]{{efn|name=UT}} {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Puducherry|list]])}}
! [[N. Rangaswamy|Nadesan Rangaswamy]]
| [[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|05|07}} ({{ayd|2021|05|07}})
| [[All India N.R. Congress]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India N.R. Congress}}" |
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Fourth Rangaswamy ministry|Rangaswamy IV]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stalin |first1=J Sam Daniel |last2=Ghosh |first2=Deepshikha |title=Congress Loses Power In Puducherry, V Narayanasamy Resigns, Blames BJP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/puducherry-floor-test-puducherry-floor-test-today-congress-government-shaky-with-more-exits-2375732 |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=NDTV |date=22 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|list]])}}
! [[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
| [[File:Charanjit_Singh_Channi.png|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|09|20}} ({{ayd|2021|09|20}})
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| rowspan="2" width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Channi ministry|Channi]]
|<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-2017/amrinder-singh-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article17471142.ece Amarinder Singh sworn in as Punjab CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303125942/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-2017/amrinder-singh-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article17471142.ece |date=3 March 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 17 March 2017.</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthan]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|list]])}}
! [[Ashok Gehlot]]
| [[File:Ashok Gehlot 2012.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|12|17}} ({{ayd|2018|12|17}})
|[[Third Gehlot ministry|Gehlot III]]
|<ref>"[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-elections-2018/ashok-gehlot-sachin-pilot-sworn-in-as-cm-deputy-cm/article25762173.ece Rajasthan: Gehlot, Pilot sworn in as CM, Deputy CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218061436/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly-elections-2018/ashok-gehlot-sachin-pilot-sworn-in-as-cm-deputy-cm/article25762173.ece |date=18 December 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 17 December 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Sikkim]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Sikkim|list]])}}
! [[Prem Singh Tamang]]
| [[File:Prem Singh Tamang.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2019|05|27}} ({{ayd|2019|05|27}})
| [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}" |
|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Tamang ministry|Tamang]]
|<ref>Shiv Sahay Singh. "[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/sikkim-assembly/ps-golay-sworn-in-as-sikkim-chief-minister/article27259921.ece P.S. Golay sworn in as Sikkim Chief Minister]". ''The Hindu''. 27 May 2019.</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|list]])}}
! [[M. K. Stalin]]
| [[File:Hon CM Photo.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|5|7}} ({{ayd|2021|5|7}})
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[M. K. Stalin ministry|Stalin]]
|<ref>"[https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/mk-stalin-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu/article34504106.ece MK Stalin sworn in as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]". ''The Hindu Business Line''. 7 May 2021.</ref>
|-
| [[Telangana]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Telangana|list]])}}
! [[K. Chandrashekar Rao|Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao]]
| [[File:KCR.png|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2014|6|2}} ({{ayd|2014|6|2}})
| [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" |
| [[Federal Front|FF]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Federal Front}}" |
|[[Second K. Chandrashekar Rao ministry|Rao II]]
|<ref>K. Srinivas Reddy. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kcr-sworn-in-heads-cabinet-of-11-ministers/article6073983.ece KCR sworn in; heads cabinet of 11 ministers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606150704/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/kcr-sworn-in-heads-cabinet-of-11-ministers/article6073983.ece |date=6 June 2014 }}". ''The Hindu''. 2 June 2014.</ref>
|-
| [[Tripura]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Tripura|list]])}}
! [[Biplab Kumar Deb]]
| [[File:Biplab Kumar Deb (cropped).png|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2018|3|9}} ({{ayd|2018|3|9}})
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="3" width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Biplab Kumar Deb ministry|Deb]]
|<ref>Rahul Karmakar. "[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/biplab-kumar-deb-to-be-sworn-in-as-tripura-cm/article22993657.ece Biplab Kumar Deb sworn in as Tripura CM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218061436/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/biplab-kumar-deb-to-be-sworn-in-as-tripura-cm/article22993657.ece |date=18 December 2018 }}". ''The Hindu''. 9 March 2018.</ref>
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|list]])}}
! [[Yogi Adityanath]]
| [[File:Yogi Adityanath.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2017|3|19}} ({{ayd|2017|3|19}})
|[[Yogi Adityanath ministry|Yogi Adityanath]]
|<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-2017/live-yogi-adityanath-swearing-in-in-uttar-pradesh/article17531393.ece Yogi Adityanath takes oath as Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319163232/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-2017/live-yogi-adityanath-swearing-in-in-uttar-pradesh/article17531393.ece |date=19 March 2017 }}". ''The Hindu''. 19 March 2017.</ref>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of Uttarakhand|list]])}}
! [[Pushkar Singh Dhami]]
|
| {{dts|format=dmy|2021|07|04}} ({{ayd|2021|07|04}})
| [[Dhami ministry|Dhami]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2021|title=Pushkar Singh Dhami takes oath as eleventh chief minister of Uttarakhand|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/dehradun-news/pushkar-singh-dhami-takes-oath-as-eleventh-chief-minister-of-uttarakhand-101625397374954.html|access-date=4 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[West Bengal]] {{small|([[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|list]])}}
! [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| [[File:Mamata Banerjee.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|format=dmy|2011|5|20}} ({{ayd|2011|5|20}})
| [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| [[Federal Front|FF]]
|width="4px" bgcolor="{{party color|Federal Front}}" |
| [[Third Banerjee ministry|Banerjee III]]
|<ref>"[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/mamata-37-ministers-sworn-in/article2036575.ece Mamata, 37 Ministers sworn in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204015955/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/mamata-37-ministers-sworn-in/article2036575.ece |date=4 February 2014 }}". ''The Hindu''. 21 May 2011.</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]
* [[List of current Indian governors]]
* [[List of current Indian chief justices]]
* [[List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons]]
* [[List of current Indian opposition leaders]]
* [[List of prime ministers of India]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Current Indian chief ministers}}
{{Current Indian ministries}}

[[Category:Lists of current office-holders of country subdivisions|India]]
[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states|*]]
[[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|Chief Ministers]]

Surjya Kanta Mishra

2022-01-10T19:22:54Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = 
| name = Surjya Kanta Mishra
| native_name =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Narayangarh (community development block)|Narayangarh]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Member of Polit Bureau]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start1 = April 2012
| term_end1 =
| office4 = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency4 =
| term_start4 = 1 June 2011
| term_end4 = 19 May 2016
| predecessor4 = [[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]
| successor4 = [[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]
| deputy4 = [[Subhas Naskar]]
| office5 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
| constituency5 = [[Narayangarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Narayangarh]]
| term_start5 = 1991
| term_end5 = 2016
| predecessor5 = Bibhuti Bhusan De
| successor5 = Pradyot Kumar Ghosh
| office3 = [[Government of West Bengal|Cabinet Minister, Government of West Bengal]]
| 2blankname3 = Ministry
| 2namedata3 = Health, Biotechnology, Panchayat Affairs & Rural Development
| term_start3 = 16 May 1996
| term_end3 = 13 May 2011
| predecessor3 = [[Prasanta Sur|Prasanta Chandra Sur]]
| successor3 = [[Subrata Mukherjee]]
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Jyoti Basu]] [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]]
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = Usha Misra
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| residence = [[Narayangarh (community development block)|Narayangarh]], [[Paschim Medinipur district|West Midnapore]], [[West Bengal]]
| alma_mater = [[SCB Medical College]] ([[MBBS]]) [[Midnapore College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BSc]])
| profession = [[Politician]], [[Social worker]], [[Physician|Doctor]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| office2 = West Bengal State Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| predecessor2 = [[Biman Bose]]
| term_start2 = 2015
}}
'''Surjya Kanta Mishra''' is an Indian politician, belonging to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He served as Minister of Health and Minister in-charge of Land & Land Reforms, Panchayats & Rural Development in the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] governments of [[West Bengal]]<ref name="h"/><ref>Chaturvedi, Pradeep. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u5koy_hk8lsC&pg=PA289 Food Security and Panchayati Raj]''. New Delhi: Published for Indian Association for the Advancement of Science and Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations by Concept Pub. Co, 1997. p. 289</ref> and is the Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal State Committee. After the [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|2011 assembly election]] he was elected as [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in May 2011.<ref name="h">{{cite news |title=Surjya Kanta Mishra: A profile |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/profile-of-surjya-kanta-mishra/article8429516.ece |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=3 April 2016 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He was inducted into the [[politburo]] of the CPI(M) following the death of veteran leader [[M.K. Pandhe]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sengupta |first1=Anindya |title=Rising sun in CPM's cloudy sky |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/rising-sun-in-cpm-s-cloudy-sky/cid/467910 |access-date=14 April 2021 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 January 2012}}</ref><ref>tripurainfo.com. ''[http://www.tripurainfo.com/Info/ArchiveDet.aspx?WhatId=11344 Surja Kanta predicts 7th Left Front government]''</ref> In 2015, he was elected as the state secretary of CPI(M) in West Bengal, succeeding [[Biman Bose]].

== Political career==
Surjya Kanta Mishra became a member of CPI(M) in 1973. He unsuccessfully contested the 1977 assembly election from the [[Narayangarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Narayangarh]]. He was elected as the Chairperson of the Medinipur Zila Parishad in 1978 and served until 1991. In 1991 he was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. In 1991, he was inducted into the state cabinet as a cabinet minister. Within his capacity as a cabinet minister he served in the Land & Land Reforms, Panchayats & Rural Development departments. He has also served as Minister-In-Charge of Health and Family Welfare, Biotechnology. He remained in the state cabinet till 2011. After the defeat of the CPI(M) in the [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|2011 assembly election]] he was elected as [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in May 2011. He became a state committee member in 1988 and a state secretariat member in 1995. He was elected to the Central committee of the party in 2002. He was elevated to the Politburo of the party in 2012. In 2015, he succeeded [[Biman Bose]] as the secretary of the West Bengal state committee. He is also a member of the all India working committee of [[All India Kisan Sabha (Ashoka Road)|All India Kisan Sabha]]. He was defeated in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016 assembly election]] as a candidate in Narayangarh.

== Personal life==
Mishra is a qualified doctor. He received his [[MBBS]] degree from [[Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital]], [[Cuttack]] in 1971 and then a Diploma in Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |title=Surjyakanta Mishra(Communist Party of India (Marxist)(CPI(M))):Constituency- NARAYANGARH(PASCHIM MEDINIPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=120 |website=myneta.info |access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref> He is married to Usha Misra. The couple has two daughters.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Communism}}
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Prasanta Sur]] |
| title = Minister of Health, Biotechnology, Panchayat Affairs & Rural Development in the [[West Bengal Government]]
| years = 1996 – 2011
| after = [[Subrata Mukherjee]]
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]] |
| title = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| years = 2011 – 2016
| after = [[Abdul Mannan (West Bengal politician)|Abdul Mannan]]
}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= WB
| constituency= Narayangarh
| before= [[Bibhuti Bhusan De]]
| after= [[Pradyot Kumar Ghosh]]
| years= [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]] – [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]}}
{{S-ppo-cpim}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Biman Bose]] |
| title = West Bengal State Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| years = 2015 –
| after = Incumbent }}
{{succession box
| before = - |
| title = [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Member of Polit Bureau]] of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| years = 2011 –
| after = Incumbent }}
{{s-end}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly4}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Misra, Surjyakanta}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:People from Paschim Medinipur district]]

Communist Party of India

2022-01-09T10:05:43Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0: /* List of General secretaries and Chairmen of CPI */

{{short description|Political party in India}}
{{other uses|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=August 2019}}
{{Original research|date=July 2020}}
{{Prose|date=August 2020}}
{{Primary sources|date=August 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Communist Party of India
| abbreviation = CPI
| party_logo =
| flag = [[File:CPI-banner.svg|200px]]
| colorcode = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
| founder =
|general_secretary = [[D. Raja]]
|ppchairman = [[Binoy Viswam]]
| loksabha_leader = [[K. Subbarayan]]
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Binoy Viswam]]
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1925|12|26}}
| publication = ''[[New Age Weekly|New Age]]'' ''[[Mukti Sangharsh]]'' ''[[Janayugom]]'' ''[[Kalantar]]'' ''[[Visalaandhra]]'' ''[[Jana Sakthi]]'' ''[[Praja Paksham]]'' ''[[Nawan Zamana]]'' [[Nua Dunia]]'' ''[[Janashakti]]'' ''[[Kembavuta]]'' ''[[Yugantar]]'' ''Kholao Thakhai''
| headquarters = Ajoy Bhavan, 15, Indrajit Gupta Marg, [[New Delhi]], [[India]]-110002
| eci = [[List of political parties in India#National Parties|National Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=21 May 2013|location=India|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024171915/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf#|archive-date=24 October 2013|url-status = live}}</ref>
| alliance = {{hidden
|List
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center;| [[Secular Progressive Alliance|Secular Progressive Alliance, Tamil Nadu]] [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front, Tripura]] [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front, West Bengal]] [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front, Kerala]] [[Left Democratic Front (Maharashtra)|Left Democratic Front, Maharashtra]] [[Left Democratic Manch, Assam]] [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan, Bihar]] [[Punjab Democratic Alliance]] }}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|543|hex=#ff0000}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|245|hex=#FF0000}}
| ideology = [[Communism]]<ref name="Leninism">{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Bidyut |date= 2014|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|page= 314 |isbn=978-0-199-97489-4 }}</ref> [[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|title=Brief History of CPI - CPI|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209001241/https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi#|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="CPI_1">
{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |title=Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests|work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=24 December 2019}}
{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |title=India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave'|work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=31 May 2019}}
{{cite book|editor= Klaus Voll, Doreen Beierlein |title=Rising India - Europe's Partner?: Foreign and Security Policy, Politics, Economics, Human Rights and Social Issues, Media, Civil Society and Intercultural Dimensions |location=[[University of Michigan]] |publisher=Mosaic Books|date=2006 |page=387 |isbn= 978-3-899-98098-1 }}</ref>
| youth = [[All India Youth Federation]]
| women = [[National Federation of Indian Women]]
| labour =
* [[All India Trade Union Congress]]
* [[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]]
| peasants = [[All India Kisan Sabha]]
| website = {{url|https://www.communistparty.in/}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| membership =
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]
|state_seats_name = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assemblies]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|21|4036|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} {{small|(Total)}}
{{hidden
|State Legislative assemblies
|style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|17|140|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]])
{{Composition bar|2|243|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]])
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex=#DD1100}} ([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]])
}}
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|2|75|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]])
| no_states = {{Composition bar|2|31|hex=#FF0000}}
| international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]
| tribal wing =
| electoral_symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ears of Corn and Sickle.png|130px]]
|logo_size=250px|students=[[All India Students Federation]]}}
{{Communist Parties}}
The '''Communist Party of India''' ('''CPI''') is the oldest [[communist party]] in [[India]] and one of the eight [[List of political parties in India#National Parties|national parties]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-national-parties/|title=Recognized National Parties|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> The CPI was founded in [[Kanpur]] on 26 December 1925.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|title=Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|title=Origins of Indian communism|first=A. G.|last=NOORANI|website=Frontline}}</ref>

==History==
===Formation===
{{main|Foundation Conference of Communist Party of India}}
The Communist Party of India was formed on 26 December 1925 at the [[Foundation Conference of Communist Party of India|first Party Conference]] in [[Kanpur]], which was then known as ''Cawnpore''. [[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate|S.V. Ghate]] was the first General Secretary of CPI. There were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world, Tashkent group of Contacts were made with [[Anushilan]] and [[Jugantar]] the groups in [[Bengal]], and small communist groups were formed in [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] (led by [[S.A. Dange]]), [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] (led by [[Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar|Singaravelu Chettiar]]), [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]] (led by [[Shaukat Usmani]]), [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Sindh]] (led by [[Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah|Ghulam Hussain]]) and [[Bengal]] (led by [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]]).

===Involvement in independence struggle===
During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was badly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national co-ordination. The British colonial authorities had banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party very difficult. Between 1921 and 1924 there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement; First [[Peshawar Conspiracy Case]], [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]] and the [[S.A. Dange#Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case|Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case]]. In the first three cases, [[Russians|Russian]]-trained muhajir communists were put on trial. However, the Cawnpore trial had more political impact. On 17 March 1924, [[Shripad Amrit Dange]], [[M.N. Roy]], Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, [[Malayapuram Singaravelu|Singaravelu Chettiar]], Ghulam Hussain and R.C. Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O.P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336, Rao. p. 89-91.</ref>

Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M.N. Roy was in [[Germany]] and R.C. Sharma in French [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]], and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in [[Kabul]] and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment. This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to a larger Indian audience.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Dange was released from prison in 1927. Rahul Dev Pal was a prominent communist leader

On 25 December 1925 a communist conference was organised in Kanpur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Moments in Kanpur|url=http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821203425/http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html#|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> Colonial authorities estimated that 500 persons took part in the conference. The conference was convened by a man called [[Satya Bhakta]]. At the conference Satyabhakta argued for a '[[National communism]]' and against subordination under Comintern. Being outvoted by the other delegates, Satyabhakta left the conference venue in protest. The conference adopted the name 'Communist Party of India'. Groups such as [[Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan]] (LKPH) dissolved into the CPI.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 92-93</ref> The émigré CPI, which probably had little organic character anyway, was effectively substituted by the organisation now operating inside India.

Soon after the 1926 conference of the [[Workers and Peasants Party]] of Bengal, the underground CPI directed its members to join the provincial Workers and Peasants Parties. All open communist activities were carried out through Workers and Peasants Parties.<ref>M.V. S. Koteshwar Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 111</ref>

The sixth congress of the Communist International met in 1928. In 1927 the [[Kuomintang]] had turned on the Chinese communists, which led to a review of the policy on forming alliances with the national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. The Colonial theses of the 6th Comintern congress called upon the Indian communists to combat the 'national-reformist leaders' and to 'unmask the national reformism of the [[Indian National Congress]] and oppose all phrases of the Swarajists, Gandhists, etc. about passive resistance'.<ref name="saha">Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), ''Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947''. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society, 2001. p. 21-25</ref> The congress did however differentiate between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Indian [[Swaraj Party|Swarajist Party]], considering the latter as neither a reliable ally nor a direct enemy. The congress called on the Indian communists to utilise the contradictions between the national bourgeoisie and the British imperialists.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 47-48</ref> The congress also denounced the WPP. The Tenth Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, 3 July 1929{{spaced ndash}}19 July 1929, directed the Indian communists to break with WPP. When the communists deserted it, the WPP fell apart.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 97-98, 111–112</ref>

[[File:Meerut prisoners outside the jail.jpg|thumb|350px| Portrait of 25 of the [[Meerut]] Prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): [[K. N. Sehgal]], [[Sohan Singh Josh|S. S. Josh]], [[Lester Hutchinson|H. L. Hutchinson]], [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Benjamin Francis Bradley|B. F. Bradley]], [[A. Prasad]], [[Philip Spratt|P. Spratt]], [[G. Adhikari]]. Middle Row: [[Radharaman Mitra]], [[Gopen Chakravarti]], [[Kishori Lal Ghosh]], [[L. R. Kadam]], [[D. R. Thengdi]], [[Goura Shanker]], [[Shibnath Bannerjee|S. Bannerjee]], [[K.N. Joglekar]], [[P. C. Joshi]], [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]]. Front Row: [[M. G. Desai]], [[Dharani Goswami|D. Goswami]], [[R.S. Nimbkar]], [[S.S. Mirajkar]], [[S.A. Dange]], [[S.V. Ghate]], [[Gopal Basak]].]]
On 20 March 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the Meerut Conspiracy Case. The communist leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years.<ref>Ralhan, O.P. (ed.). ''Encyclopaedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 23. Revolutionary Movements (1930–1946)''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 689-691</ref><ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 96</ref>

As of 1934, the main centres of activity of CPI were Bombay, Calcutta and Punjab. The party had also begun extending its activities to Madras. A group of Andhra and Tamil students, amongst them [[P. Sundarayya]], were recruited to the CPI by [[Dada Amir Haider Khan|Amir Hyder Khan]].<ref name="ems7">[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 7</ref>

The party was reorganised in 1933, after the communist leaders from the Meerut trials were released. A central committee of the party was set up. In 1934 the party was accepted as the Indian section of the Communist International.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 25</ref>

When Indian left-wing elements formed the [[Congress Socialist Party]] in 1934, the CPI branded it as [[Social fascism|Social Fascist]].<ref name="saha"/>

The [[League Against Gandhism]], initially known as the Gandhi Boycott Committee, was a political organisation in [[Calcutta]], founded by the underground Communist Party of India and others to launch militant [[Anti-imperialism|anti-Imperialist]] activities. The group took the name ‘League Against Gandhism’ in 1934.<ref>Roy Subodh, Communism in India – Unpublished Documents 1925-1934. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 338-339, 359-360</ref>

In connection with the change of policy of the [[Comintern]] toward [[Popular Front]] politics, the Indian communists changed their relation to the Indian National Congress. The communists joined the Congress Socialist Party, which worked as the left-wing of Congress. Through joining CSP, the CPI accepted the CSP demand for a Constituent Assembly, which it had denounced two years before. The CPI however analysed that the demand for a Constituent Assembly would not be a substitute for [[soviet (council)|soviets]].<ref name="mnroy">Roy, Samaren. ''M.N. Roy: A Political Biography''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Orient Longman, 1998. p. 113, 115</ref>

In July 1937, clandestine meeting held at [[Kozhikode|Calicut]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224225.ece|title=A man and a movement|first=R. KRISHNAKUMAR in|last=Thiruvananthapuram|website=Frontline}}</ref> Five persons were present at the meeting, [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]], N.C. Sekhar and [[S.V. Ghate]].
The first four were members of the CSP in Kerala. The CPI in [[Kerala]] was formed in 31 December 1939 with the Pinarayi Conference.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/founders-98.php?n=1|title=Founders|website=CPIM Kerala}}</ref>
The latter, Ghate, was a CPI Central Committee member, who had arrived from Madras.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 6</ref> Contacts between the CSP in Kerala and the CPI had begun in 1935, when P. Sundarayya (CC member of CPI, based in Madras at the time) met with EMS and Krishna Pillai. Sundarayya and Ghate visited Kerala at several times and met with the CSP leaders there. The contacts were facilitated through the national meetings of the Congress, CSP and [[All India Kisan Sabha]].<ref name="ems7"/>

In 1936–1937, the co-operation between socialists and communists reached its peak. At the 2nd congress of the CSP, held in [[Meerut]] in January 1936, a thesis was adopted which declared that there was a need to build 'a united Indian Socialist Party based on [[Marxism-Leninism]]'.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 44</ref> At the 3rd CSP congress, held in [[Faizpur]], several communists were included into the CSP National Executive Committee.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 45</ref>

In Kerala communists won control over CSP, and for a brief period controlled Congress there.

Two communists, E.M.S. Namboodiripad and [[Z.A. Ahmed]], became All India joint secretaries of CSP. The CPI also had two other members inside the CSP executive.<ref name="mnroy"/>

On the occasion of the 1940 Ramgarh Congress Conference CPI released a declaration called ''Proletarian Path'', which sought to utilise the weakened state of the British Empire in the time of war and gave a call for [[general strike]], no-tax, no-rent policies and mobilising for an armed revolutionary uprising. The National Executive of the CSP assembled at [[Ramgarh Cantonment|Ramgarh]] took a decision that all communists were expelled from CSP.<ref>Ralhan, O.P. (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 24. Socialist Movement in India''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. p. 82</ref>

In July 1942, the CPI was legalised, as a result of Britain and the Soviet Union becoming allies against Nazi Germany.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 55</ref> Communists strengthened their control over the All India Trade Union Congress. At the same time, communists were politically cornered for their opposition to the [[Quit India Movement]].

CPI contested the Provincial Legislative Assembly elections of 1946 of its own. It had candidates in 108 out of 1585 seats. It won in eight seats. In total the CPI vote counted 666 723, which should be seen with the backdrop that 86% of the adult population of India lacked voting rights. The party had contested three seats in Bengal, and won all of them. One CPI candidate, [[Somnath Lahiri]], was elected to the Constituent Assembly.<ref>M.V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 207.</ref>

The Communist Party of India [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]] and did not participate in the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] celebrations of 15 August 1947 in protest of the division of the country.<ref name="Bandyopadhyay2009">{{cite book |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Sekhar |title=Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52 |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-01823-9 |language=en |quote=As a protest against Partition, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Communist Party of India (CPI) did not participate in the celebrations of 15 August.}}</ref>

===After independence===
[[File:Armed_peasants_-_Telangana_armed_struggle.jpg|thumb|The [[Telangana armed struggle]] (1946–1952), was a peasant rebellion by communists against the feudal lords of the Telangana region in the princely state of Hyderabad. ]]
[[File:Telangana_Armed_Struggle_guerrillas.jpg|thumb|Guerrillas of the Telangana armed struggle]]
[[File:A Communist Party camp in Karol Bagh, Delhi, 1952.jpg|thumb|CPI election campaign in [[Karol Bagh]], [[Delhi]], for the [[1952 Indian general election]].
[[File:Kerala_Council_of_Ministers_1957_EMS.jpg|thumb|First Council of Ministers, First CPI Ministry in Kerala]].]]
During the period around and directly following Independence in 1947, the internal situation in the party was chaotic. The party shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions. In February 1948, at the [[Second Party Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd Party Congress]] in Calcutta, [[B. T. Ranadive]] (BTR) was elected General Secretary of the party.<ref>Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947–2000'', New Delhi:Penguin, {{ISBN|0-14-027825-7}}, p.204</ref> The conference adopted the 'Programme of Democratic Revolution'. This programme included the first mention of struggle against [[caste]] injustice in a CPI document.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf|title=Page d'accueil - Sciences Po CERI|access-date=12 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227153210/http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf#|archive-date=27 February 2008|url-status = live}}</ref>

In several areas the party led armed struggles against a series of local monarchs that were reluctant to give up their power. Such insurgencies took place in [[Tripura]], [[Telangana]] and [[Kerala]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} The most important [[Telangana Rebellion|rebellion took place in Telangana]], against the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]]. The Communists built up a people's army and militia and controlled an area with a population of three million. The rebellion was brutally crushed and the party abandoned the policy of armed struggle. BTR was deposed and denounced as a 'left adventurist'.

In [[Manipur]], the party became a force to reckon with through the agrarian struggles led by [[Hijam Irabot|Jananeta Irawat Singh]]. Singh had joined CPI in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp|title=The Telegraph - Calcutta : Northeast|access-date=6 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014070444/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp#|archive-date=14 October 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> At the 1951 congress of the party, 'People's Democracy' was substituted by 'National Democracy' as the main slogan of the party.<ref>[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 273</ref>

Communist Party was founded in Bihar in 1939. Post independence, communist party achieved success in Bihar (Bihar and Jharkhand). Communist party conducted movements for land reform, trade union movement was at its peak in Bihar in the sixties, seventies and eighties. Achievement of communists in Bihar placed the communist party in the forefront of left movement in India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} Bihar produced some of the legendary leaders like Kishan leaders [[Sahajanand Saraswati]] and [[Karyanand Sharma]], intellectual giants like [[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]], [[Yogendra Sharma]] and [[Indradeep Sinha]], mass leaders like [[Chandrasekhar Singh]] and [[Sunil Mukherjee]], Trade Union leaders like Kedar Das and others.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} It was in Bihar that JP's total revolution was exposed and communist party under the leadership of Jagannath Sarkar fought Total Revolution and exposed its hollowness. "Many Streams" Selected Essays by Jagannath Sarkar and Reminiscing Sketches, Compiled by Gautam Sarkar, Edited by Mitali Sarkar, First Published : May 2010, Navakaranataka Publications Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore . In the Mithila region of Bihar Bhogendra Jha led the fight against the Mahants and Zamindars. He later went on the win Parliamentary elections and was MP for seven terms.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In early 1950s young communist leadership was uniting textile workers, bank employees and unorganised sector workers to ensure mass support in north India. National leaders like [[S A Dange]], [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] and [[P K Vasudevan Nair]] were encouraging them and supporting the idea despite their differences on the execution. Firebrand Communist leaders like [[Homi F. Daji]], [[Guru Radha Kishan]], H L Parwana, [[Sarjoo Pandey]], Darshan Singh Canadian and Avtaar Singh Malhotra were emerging between the masses and the working class in particular.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} This was the first leadership of communists that was very close to the masses and people consider them champions of the cause of the workers and the poor. In Delhi, May Day (majdoor diwas or '''mai diwas''') was organised at Chandni Chowk Ghantaghar in such a manner that demonstrates the unity between all the factions of working classes and ignite the passion for communist movement in the northern part of India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In 1952, CPI became the first leading opposition party in the Lok Sabha, while the Indian National Congress was in power.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Communist movement or CPI in particular emerged as a front runner after [[Guru Radha Kishan]] undertook a fast unto death for 24 days to promote the cause of textile workers in Delhi. Till than it was a public misconception that communists are revolutionaries with arms in their hands and workers and their families were afraid to get associated with the communists but this act mobilised general public in the favour of communist movement as a whole. During this period people with their families used to visit 'dharna sthal' to encourage CPI cadre.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

This model of selflessness for the society worked for the CPI far more than what was expected. This trend was followed by almost all other state units of the party in the Hindi heartland. Communist Party related trade union [[AITUC]] became a prominent force to unite the workers in textile, municipal and unorganised sectors, the first labour union in unorganised sector was also emerged in the leadership of Comrade Guru Radha Kishan during this period in Delhi's Sadar Bazaar area.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} This movement of mass polarisation of workers in the favour of CPI worked effectively in Delhi and paved the way for great success of CPI in the elections in working class dominated areas in Delhi. Comrade [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] and E.M.S. Namboodiripad applauded this brigade of dynamic comrades for their selfless approach and organisational capabilities. This brigade of firebrand communists gained more prominence when Telangana hero [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] to be General Secretary of the Communist Party of India.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In the [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]], Communist Party was banned, so it couldn't take part in the election process.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776:history-of-kerala-legislature | title=History of Kerala Legislature | work=Government of Kerala | access-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101549/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776%3Ahistory-of-kerala-legislature | archive-date=6 October 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the general elections in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest opposition party. In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala. This was the first time that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the [[Communist Party of China]] directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.<ref>Basu, Pradip. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. [[Calcutta]]: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 32.</ref>

''[[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Liberation of Dadra-Nagar Haveli]]'':
The Communist Party of India, along with its units in Bombay, Maharashtra and Gujarat, decided to start armed operations in the area in the July 1954. Both the areas were liberated by the beginning of August. Communist leaders like Narayan Palekar, Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha and others emerged as the famous Communist leaders of this movement. Thereafter, the struggle to liberate [[Daman and Diu]] was begun by the Communist Party in Gujarat and other forces.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/Revisiting-Goa-Liberation-Story-59th-Independence-Day|title=Revisiting Goa's Liberation Story on its 59th Independence Day|date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

''[[Goa liberation movement|Goa Satyagraha]]'':
The countrywide Goa satyagraha of 1955-56 is among the unforgettable pages in the history of freedom struggle, in which the Communists played a major and memorable role. The CPI decided to send batches of satyahrahis since the middle of 1955 to the borders of Goa and even inside. Many were killed, many more others arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanly treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and were brutally tortured.
The satyagraha was led and conducted by a joint committee known as Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti. S.A. Dange, Senapati Bapat, S.G. Sardesai, Nana Patil and several others were among the prominent leaders of the Samiti. Satyagraha began on 10 May 1955, and soon became a countrywide movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mainstreamweekly.net/article3273.html|title = Goa — the Liberators and the Lesson - Mainstream}}</ref>

Ideological differences led to the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|split in the party in 1964]] when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

During the period 1970–77, CPI was allied with the Congress party. In Kerala, they formed a government together with Congress, with the CPI-leader [[C. Achutha Menon]] as Chief Minister. After the fall of the regime of [[Indira Gandhi]], CPI reoriented itself towards co-operation with CPI(M).{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

In the 1980s, CPI opposed the [[Khalistan movement]] at Punjab.
In 1986, CPI's leader in Punjab and MLA in the Punjabi legislature [[Darshan Singh Canadian]] was assassinated by Sikh extremists. Altogether about 200 communist leaders out of which most were Sikhs were killed by Sikh extremists in Punjab.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

==Present situation==
[[File:Communist Parties of India in states.png|thumb|350px|
Communist Party of India (CPI) and CPI-M regional control.
{{legend|#FF0000|State/s which had a chief minister from the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FF6262|State/s which had a chief minister from the CPI-M.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FF0080|State/s which had chief ministers from both the CPI-M and the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#C0C0C0|States which did not have/had a chief minister from the CPI-M or the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FFFFFF|Union territories without a state government.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}]]
[[File:Cpipkvtvnd (87).JPG|thumb|Mural in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]]]CPI was recognised by the [[Election Commission of India]] as a 'National Party'. To date, CPI happens to be the only national political party from India to have contested all the general elections using the same [[electoral symbol]]. Owing to a massive defeat in [[2019 Indian general election]] where the party saw its tally reduce to 2 MP, the Election Commission of India has sent a letter to CPI asking for reasons why its national party status should not be revoked.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms|title=BSP, CPI, NCP get to retain national status, for now - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412014828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms#|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms|title=CPM may lose national party status - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117143649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms#|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html|title=BSP, NCP and CPI may lose national party status|date=11 August 2014|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133233/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html#|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Reprieve-for-BSP-CPI-as-EC-amends-rules/article14583806.ece|title=Reprieve for BSP, CPI as EC amends rules|date=23 August 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 November 2017|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html|title=EC might strip national party status from BSP, NCP, CPI|work=oneindia.com|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132759/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html#|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref> If similar performance is repeated in the next election, the CPI will no longer be a [[List of political parties in India#National|national party]].

On the national level they supported the Indian National Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government along with other parliamentary Left parties, but without taking part in it. Upon attaining power in May 2004, the United Progressive Alliance formulated a programme of action known as the [[Common Minimum Programme]]. The Left bases its support to the UPA on strict adherence to it. Provisions of the CMP mentioned to discontinue [[disinvestment]], massive social sector outlays and an independent foreign policy.

On 8 July 2008, the General Secretary of CPI(M), [[Prakash Karat]], announced that the Left was withdrawing its support over the decision by the government to go ahead with the [[United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act]]. The Left parties combination had been a staunch advocate of not proceeding with this deal citing national interests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|title=The Hindu News Update Service|date=1 August 2008|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801185533/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|archive-date=1 August 2008}}</ref>

In [[West Bengal]] it participates in the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]. It also participated in the state government in Manipur. In Kerala the party is part of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]. In [[Tripura]] the party is a partner of the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]], which governed the state till 2018. In [[Tamil Nadu]] it is part of the [[Democratic Progressive Alliance]]. It is involved in the [[Left Democratic Front in Maharashtra]]. The current general secretary of CPI is [[D. Raja]].

==Presence in states==
As of 2020, the CPI is a part of the state government in [[Kerala]]. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] is Chief Minister of Kerala. CPI have 4 Cabinet Ministers in Kerala. In [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]] it is in power with [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]] coalition led by [[M. K. Stalin]]. The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] governed [[West Bengal]] for 34 years (1977–2011) and [[Tripura]] for 25 years (1993–2018)

===State Governments===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |S.No
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |State/
! rowspan="2" |Govt Since
! colspan="6" rowspan="1" |Chief Minister
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" | Coalition Seats in Assembly
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Last election
|-
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Seats
!Since
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" |26 May 2016
|[[File:Pinarayi.JPG|frameless|150x150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |62
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|26 May 2016]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|{{Composition bar|99|140|hex={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}}]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" |2
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
| style="text-align: center;" |7 May 2021
|[[File:M K Stalinn.jpg|frameless|150x150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[M. K. Stalin]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
| style="text-align: center;" |133
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|7 May 2021]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Secular Progressive Alliance]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|{{Composition bar|159|234|hex={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|}
{{hidden
|Seats in [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|17|140|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Kerala Legislative Assembly]])
{{Composition bar|2|243|hex=#FF0000}}([[Bihar Legislative Assembly]])
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex=#DD1100}}([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]])
}}

{{hidden
|Seats in [[State legislative councils of India|State Legislative Councils]]
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|2|75|hex=#FF0000}} ([[Bihar Legislative Council]])
}}

== List of Members of Parliament ==
=== List of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members ===
{{main|List of Rajya Sabha members}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | №
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Name
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | State
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Date of Appointment
! style="width:25%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Date of Retirement
|-
!1
|[[Binoy Viswam]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|02-Jul-2018}}
|{{dts|01-Jul-2024}}
|-
|}

=== List of Lok Sabha (Lower House) members ===
{{main|List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | №
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Name
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Constituency
! style="width:45%;" Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | State
|-
!1
|[[K. Subbarayan]]
|[[Tiruppur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppur]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
!2
|[[M. Selvarasu]]
|[[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|}

==Leadership==

The following are the members of the Central Control Commission, National Council and Candidate Members to National Council, National Executive, National Secretariat and Party Programme Commission were elected at the 23rd Party Congress of Communist Party of India held from 25 to 29 April 2018 in Kollam, Kerala.<ref name="Leadership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.communistparty.in/blank-1|title=Leadership|website=CPI Official Copy}}</ref>

===General Secretary===
*[[D. Raja]]

===National Secretariat===

#[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
#[[D. Raja]]
#[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
#[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
#[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
#K. Narayana
#[[Kanam Rajendran]]
#[[Binoy Viswam]]
#Bhalchandra Kango
#Pallab Sen Gupta

===National Executive===

#[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
#[[D. Raja]]
#[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
#[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
#[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
#K. Narayana
#[[Kanam Rajendran]]
#[[Binoy Viswam]]
#Bhalchandra Kango
#Pallab Sengupta
#[[Nagendra Nath Ojha]]
#Girish Sharma
#[[Annie Raja]]
#[[Syed Azeez Pasha|Azeez Pasha]]
#[[K. Ramakrishna]]
#[[Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 2020)|Satya Narayan Singh]]
#Janaki Paswan
#[[Ram Naresh Pandey]]
#[[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
#[[K.E. Ismail]]
#[[Moirangthem Nara]]
#Dibakar Naik
#[[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]
#C. Mahendran
# [[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
#[[K. Subbarayan]]
#Swapan Banerjee
#Bant Singh Brar
#[[Munin Mahanta]]
#C.H. Venkatachalam
Ex-Officio Members
#[[Pannyan Raveendran|Pannian Ravindran]] (Chairperson, Central Control Commission)

Invitees
#Rama Krushna Panda
#[[Manish Kunjam]]

===National Council Members===

Members from Centre:
*[[S. Sudhakar Reddy]]
*[[D. Raja]]
*[[Atul Kumar Anjaan]]
*[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]]
*[[Amarjeet Kaur (Politician)|Amarjeet Kaur]]
*K. Narayana
*[[Nagendra Nath Ojha]]
*Bhalchandra Kango
*[[Binoy Viswam]]
*Pallab Sengutpa
*[[Syed Azeez Pasha|Azeez Pasha]]
*[[Annie Raja]] - Women Front
*CH Venkatachalam - Bank Front
*B.V. Vijaylakshmi - TU Front
*S. V. Damle - TU Front
*Vidyasagar Giri - TU Front
*R.S. Yadav - Mukti Sangharsh
*Manish Kunjam - Tribal Front
*C. Srikumar - Defence
*Gargi Chakravarthy - Women Front
*Anil Rajimwale - Education Department
*Viswajeet Kumar - Student Front
*R. Thirumalai - Youth Front
*A.A. Khan - Minority Front

Andhra Pradesh

*K. Ramakrishna
*M.N. Rao
*J.V.S.N. Murthy
*Jalli Wilson
*Akkineni Vanaja

Assam

*[[Munin Mahanta]]
*Kanak Gogoi

Bihar

*[[Ram Naresh Pandey]]
*Janki Paswan
*Jabbar Alam
*Rajendra Prasad Singh
*Rageshri Kiran
*Om Prakash Narayan
*Pramod Prabhakar
*Ram Chandra Singh
*Nivedita

Chhattisgarh

*R.D.C.P. Rao
*Rama Sori

Delhi

*Dhirendra K. Sharma
*Prof. Dinesh Varshney

Goa

*Chirstopher Fonseca

Gujarat

*Raj Kumar Singh
*Vijay Shenmare

Haryana

*Dariyao Singh Kashyap

Himachal Pradesh

*Shayam Singh Chauhan

Jharkhand

*[[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta|Bhubaneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
*K.D. Singh
*Rajendra Prasad Yadav
*Mahendra Pathak

Jammu and Kashmir

Vacant

Karnataka

*P.V. Lokesh
*Saathi Sundaresh

Kerala

*[[Kanam Rajendran]]
*[[K.E. Ismail]]
*[[K. Prekash Babu]]
*[[E. Chandrasekharan]]
*Adv. P. Vasantham
*T.V. Balan
*[[C.N. Jayadevan]]
*[[K.P. Rajendran]]
*[[J. Chinchu Rani]]
*[[N. Anirudhan]]
*[[N. Rajan]]

Manipur

*[[Moirangthem Nara]]
*L. Sotin Kumar

Meghalaya

*Samudra Gupta

Maharashtra

*Tukaram Bhasme
*Namdev Gavade
*Ram Baheti
*Prakash Reddy

Madhya Pradesh

*Arvind Shrivastava
*Haridwar Singh

Odisha

*Dibakar Nayak
*Ashish Kanungo
*[[Abhaya Sahu]]
*Ramakrushna Panda
*[[Souribandhu Kar]]

Puducherry

*A. M. Saleem
*A. Ramamoorthy

Punjab

*Bant Singh Brar
*Jagrup Singh
*Hardev Singh Arshi
*Nirmal Singh Dhaliwal
*Jagjit Singh Joga

Rajasthan

*Narendra Acharya
*Tara Singh Sidhu

Tamil Nadu

*[[R. Nallakannu|R. Nallakkannu]]
*[[D. Pandian]]
*[[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]
*C. Mahendran
*[[K. Subbarayan]]
*M. Veerapandian
*T.M. Murthi
*G. Palaniswamy
*P. Padmavathi
*P. Sethuraman

Telangana

*[[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
*Palla Venkat Reddy
*K. Sambasiva Rao
*Pasya Padma
*K. Srinivas Reddy
*K. Shanker
*T. Srinivas Rao

Tripura

*Ranjit Majumdar

Uttar Pradesh

*Girish Sharma
*Arvind Raj Swarup
*Imtiyaz Ahmed
*Prof. Nisha Rathor
*Ram Chand Saras

Uttarakhand

*Samar Bhandari

West Bengal

*Swapan Banerjee
*Manju Kumar Mazumdar
*[[Santosh Rana (CPI)|Santosh Rana]]
*Shyama Sree Das
*Ujjawal Chaudhury
*Chittaranjan Das Thakur
*Prabir Deb
*Tarun Das

Candidate Members

*Prof. Arun Kumar
*N. Chidambaram
*Arun Mitra
*M. Bal Narsima
*Mithlesh Jha
*Suhaas Naik
*Mahesh Kakkath
*Kh. Surchand Singh
*Richard B. Thabah
*G. Obulesu
*Vicky Mahesari
*Shuvam Banerjee

Invitee Members

*Bhupender Sambar
*Periyaswamy
*Gulzar Singh Goria
*Aruna Sinha
*Asomi Gogoi
*Kannagi
*Usha Sahani
*Indra Mani Devi
*Durga Bhavani
*[[R. C. Singh]]
*Amiya Kumar Mohanty

===Central Control Commission===
#[[Pannian Ravindran]] (Chairman)
#[[C. A. Kurian]]
#Dr Joginder Dayal (Punjab)
#C.R. Bakshi (Chhattisgarh)
#P.J.C. Rao (Andhra Pradesh)
#Bijoy Narayan Mishra (Bihar)
#Moti Lal (Uttar Pradesh)
#M. Sakhi Devi (Tripura)
#T. Narsimhan (Telangana)
#[[M. Arumugham]] (Tamil Nadu)
#Apurba Mandal (West Bengal)

===Party Programme Commission===
#Pallab Sen Gupta
#Prekash Babu
#C.R. Bakshi
#[[Moirangthem Nara]]
#Anil Rajimwale

===State Council secretaries===
''Sources''<ref name="Leadership"/>
*Andhra Pradesh : K.Ramakrishna
*Assam : [[Munin Mahanta]]
*Bihar : [[Ram Naresh Pandey]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=CPI, CPI(M) to forge electoral tie-up with Grand Alliance in Bihar |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/26/cpi-cpim-to-forge-electoral-tie-up-with-grand-alliance-in-bihar.html |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=The Week |date=26 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*Chhattisgarh : RDCP Rao
*Delhi :Prof.Dinesh Varshney
*Goa : RD Mangueshkar
*Gujarat : Rajkumar Singh
*Haryana : Dariyao Singh Kashyap
*Himachal Pradesh : Shayam Singh Chauhan
*Jharkhand : [[Bhubneshwar Prasad Mehta]]
*Kerala : [[Kanam Rajendran]]
*Karnataka : Saathi Sundaresh
*Maharashtra : Prakash Reddy
*Madhya Pradesh : Arvind Shrivastava
*Manipur : L. Sotin Kumar
*Meghalaya : Samudra Gupta
*Odisha : Ashish Kanungo
*Puducherry : A. M. Saleem
*Punjab : Bant Singh Brar
*Rajasthan : Narendra Acharya
*Tamil Nadu : [[:ta:இரா. முத்தரசன்|R. Mutharasan]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mutharasan, CPI State secretary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/mutharasan-cpi-state-secretary/article6947451.ece |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=1 March 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mutharasan Elected as the CPI State Secretary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2015/mar/01/Mutharasan-Elected-as-the-CPI-State-Secretary-723320.html |access-date=2 February 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=1 March 2015}}</ref>
*Telangana : [[Chada Venkat Reddy]]
*Uttar Pradesh : Girish Sharma
*Uttarakhand : Samar Bhandari
*West Bengal : Swapan Banerjee

==List of General secretaries and Chairmen of CPI==
Article XXXII of the party constitution says:

<blockquote>"The tenure of the General Secretary and Deputy General Secretary, if any, and State Secretaries is limited to two consecutive terms—a term being of not less than two years. In exceptional cases, the unit concerned may decide by three-fourth majority through secret ballot to allow two more terms. In case such a motion is adopted that comrade also can contest in the election along with other candidates. As regards the tenure of the office-bearers at district and lower levels, the state councils will frame rules where
necessary."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/|title = Communist Party of India}}</ref></blockquote>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ General secretaries and Chairmen<ref>{{cite news |title=20th Party Congress, Hyderabad |url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=newageweekly.in |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy steps into Bardhan's shoes as CPI general secretary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-steps-into-bardhans-shoes-as-cpi-general-secretary/article3266136.ece|website=thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy is CPI general secretary again|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-is-cpi-general-secretary-again/article7046445.ece|website= thehindu.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Sudhakar Reddy unanimously re-elected CPI general secretary|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sudhakar-reddy-unanimously-re-elected-cpi-general-secretary-118042900492_1.html |website= business-standard.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=D. Raja takes over as CPI general secretary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/d-raja-takes-over-as-cpi-general-secretary/article28626860.ece |work=The Hindu |date=21 July 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

! Number !! Photo !! Name !! Tenure
|-
| '''1st'''|| ||[[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] || 1925-1933
|-
| '''2nd'''||[[File:Gangadhar Adhikary.jpg|75px]]||[[Gangadhar Adhikari]] || 1933-1935
|-
| '''3rd'''||[[File:PC Joshi 1937.jpg|75px]]||[[Puran Chand Joshi]] || 1935-1948
|-
| '''4th'''||[[ File:B.T.Ranadive.jpg |75px]]||[[B. T. Ranadive]] || 1948-1950
|-
| '''5th'''|| ||[[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] || 1950-1951, 1964-1990
|-
| '''6th'''||||[[Ajoy Ghosh]] || 1951-1962
|-
|-
|'''Chairman'''|| [[File:S.A. Dange.jpg|75px]] ||[[Shripad Amrit Dange]] || 1962-1981
|-
| '''7th'''|| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]] ||[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || 1962-1964
|-
| '''8th'''|| ||[[Indrajit Gupta]] || 1990-1996
|-
| '''9th'''|| [[File:Bardan.JPG|75px]] ||[[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] || 1996-2012
|-
| '''10th'''|| [[File:SUDAKAR REDDY DSC 0686.JPG|75px]] ||[[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] || 2012-2019
|-
| '''11th'''|| [[File:D.Raja M.P.JPG|75px]] ||[[D. Raja]] || 2019–''Incumbent''
|-
|}

==Party Congress ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Party Congress <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|title=Kanpur in History | Genie For Kanpur|website=Genie for City|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0315_pd/first-party-congress-%E2%80%93-1943|title=The First Party Congress – 1943 | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dharmadispatch.in/commentary/the-calcutta-line-of-the-communist-party-of-india-and-the-train-of-its-continuing-treachery|title=The Calcutta Line of the Communist Party of India and the Train of its Continuing Treachery|first=Sandeep|last=Balakrishna|website=The Dharma Dispatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0712_pd/third-party-congress-%E2%80%93-attempt-towards-course-correction|title=Third Party Congress – An Attempt towards Course Correction | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0719_pd/fourth-congress-inner-party-struggle-begins|title=The Fourth Congress: Inner-party Struggle Begins | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1|title=Party Congress|website=cpimkerala.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/02/seventh-congress-of-cpi.html|title=Seventh Congress of the CPI|website=newageweekly.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=20th Party Congress, Hyderabad |url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=newageweekly.in|language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/cpi-attacks-govt-on-economic-policies/275203|title=CPI attacks Govt on economic policies|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/23/cpi-discuss-upa-policies-20th-national-congress-hyderabad-1206252300.html|title=CPI to discuss UPA policies at its 20th National Congress in Hyderabad|date=23 March 2008|website=oneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/CPI-party-congress-calls-for-Left-unity/articleshow/12448346.cms|title=CPI party congress calls for Left unity | Patna News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/hyderabad-to-patna-xxi-congress.html|title=Hyderabad to Patna - XXI CONGRESS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-to-hold-congress-in-puducherry/article6494280.ece|title=CPI to hold congress in Puducherry|first=R.|last=Sivaraman|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 October 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-party-congress-in-kollam/article19878050.ece|title=CPI party congress in Kollam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 October 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
! Party Congress !! Year !! Place
|-
|Founding Conference || 1925 December 25 – 28 ||Kanpur
|-
| 1st || 1943 May 23–1 June || Bombay
|-
| [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd]] || 1948 February 28–27 March || Calcutta
|-
| 3rd|| 1953 December 27 – 1, 954 January 4|| Madurai
|-
| 4th|| 1956 April 19 – 29 || Palghat
|-
| 5th|| 1958 April 6 – 13 || Amritsar
|-
| 6th|| 1961 April 7 – 16 || Vijayawada
|-
| 7th|| 1964 December 13 – 23|| Bombay
|-
| 8th|| 1968 February 7 – 15|| Patna
|-
| 9th|| 1971 October 3 – 10 || Cochin
|-
| 10th|| 1975 January 27–2 February|| Vijayawada
|-
| 11th|| 1978 March 31–7 April|| Bathinda
|-
| 12th|| 1982 March 22 – 28 || Varanasi
|-
| 13th|| 1986 March 2 – 17|| Patna
|-
| 14th|| 1989 March 6 – 12|| Calcutta
|-
| 15th|| 1992 April 10 – 16|| Hyderabad
|-
| 16th|| 1995 October 7 – 11|| Delhi
|-
| 17th || 1998 September 14 – 19|| Chennai
|-
| 18th || 2002 March 26 – 31|| Thiruvananthapuram
|-
| 19th || 2005 March 29–3 April|| Chandigarh
|-
| 20th || 2008 March 23 – 27|| Hyderabad
|-
| 21st || 2012 March 27 – 31|| Patna
|-
| 22nd || 2015 March 25 – 29|| Puducherry
|-
| 23rd || 2018 April 25 – 29|| Kollam
|}

==Principal mass organisations==
*[[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC)
*[[All India Students’ Federation]] (AISF)
*[[All India Youth Federation]] (AIYF)
*[[National Federation of Indian Women]] (NFIW)
*[[All India Kisan Sabha]] - AIKS (peasants organisation)
*[[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]] - BKMU (agricultural workers)
*[[Indian People's Theatre Association]] - IPTA (cultural wing)
*[[All India State Government Employees Federation]] (State government employees)
*[[Indian Society for Cultural Co-operation and Friendship]] (ISCUF)
*[[All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation]] (AIPSO)
*[[Progressive Writers' Association]] (PWA)
*[[All India Adivasi Mahasabha]] (Tribal Wing)
*[[All India Dalit Rights Movement]] (AIDRM)
*[[Tamil Nadu Oppressed People's Movement]]
*[[People's Service Corps]]
*[[Ganamukti Parishad]]
In [[Tripura]], the [[Ganamukti Parishad]] is a major mass organisation amongst the [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] peoples of the state.

==Former chief ministers==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Former chief ministers
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/e_m_s_namboodiripad.php |title=Kerala Niyamasabha EMS Namboodiripad |website=stateofkerala.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/111116/60-years-of-kerala-model-boon-and-bane-of-remittances.html|title=60 years of Kerala model: Boon and bane of remittances|date=11 November 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/veteran-cpi-leader-pkv-passes-on/310067|title=Veteran CPI leader 'PKV' passes on|website=outlookindia.com}}</ref>
! Photo !! Name !! Tenure !! State
|-
| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]] || [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || (1957 {{endash}} 1959)
| rowspan="3" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[File:C. Achutha Menon.jpg|75px]] ||[[C. Achutha Menon]] || (1969 {{endash}} 1970; 1970 {{endash}} 1977)
|-
| [[File:P.K. Vasudevan Nair.jpg|75px]] ||[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] || (1978 {{endash}} 1979)
|-
|}

==Notable leaders==
*[[Abdul Sattar Ranjoor]] – Founding state secretary of the CPI in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Ajoy Ghosh]] – Former general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
*[[Amarjeet Kaur]] - General Secretary of AITUC and National Secretary of CPI
*[[Annabhau Sathe]] - [[Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] leader
*[[Annie Raja]] - General Secretary of NFIW and National Executive Member of CPI
*[[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] – Former general secretary
*[[Aruna Asaf Ali]] – Freedom fighter
*[[Binoy Viswam]] – Member of Rajya Sabha, Former minister in the Government of Kerala
*[[Bhargavi Thankappan]] - Parliamentarian
*[[Bhupesh Gupta]] – Parliamentarian
*[[C. Achutha Menon]] – Finance minister in first Kerala ministry Former chief minister of Kerala
*[[C. Divakaran]] - Senior leader, former minister and National Council Member from Kerala
*[[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] – former general secretary, Telangana freedom fighter
*[[Chaturanan Mishra]] parliamentarian & former Central Minister of India
*[[Chittayam Gopakumar]] - Deputy Speaker of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] and State council member
*[[C. K. Chandrappan]] – Parliamentarian & former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[C. N. Jayadevan]] - Senior leader, parliamentarian
*[[Dhanwantri]] - one of the founder of communist party in Jammu & Kashmir
*[[Darshan Singh Canadian]] - Trade Unionist, fight against Khalistan movement
*[[D. Pandian]] - Parliamentarian & former Tamil Nadu state secretary
*[[D. Raja]] – parliamentarian & General secretary of the party
*[[E. Chandrasekharan Nair]] – Senior leader and former Minister in the Government of Kerala
*[[Geeta Mukherjee]] - Parliamentarian & Former Vice President of National Federation of Indian Women
*[[Govind Pansare]] – Prominent activist and lawyer
*[[Gurudas Dasgupta]] - Parliamentarian & Former General Secretary of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) and Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union
*[[Hajrah Begum]] - former general secretary of NFIW
*[[Hasrat Mohani]] – founding member
*[[Hijam Irabot]] – Founder leader of CPI in Manipur
*[[Hirendranath Mukherjee]]-Parliamentarian & He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1990 and Padma Vibhushan in 1991 by the President of India for his lifelong services
* [[Ila Mitra]] – Peasant Movement Leader from West Bengal
*[[Indrajit Gupta]] – Parliamentarian, former general secretary and a former central minister
*[[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]] – former National Secretary, freedom fighter, builder of communist movement in Bihar and Jharkhand
*[[Junu Das]] – Prominent leader of CPI
*[[Kalpana Datta]] – freedom fighter
*[[Kanam Rajendran]] – Current Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[K.N. Joglekar]] – founding member of CPI
*[[Meghraj Tawar]] – Former Rajasthan MLA and leader of the CPI
*[[M. Kalyanasundaram]] – Parliamentarian
*[[M. N. Govindan Nair]] – Kerala state secretary during the first communist ministry and a freedom fighter
*[[Mohit Banerji]] - Prominent Leader
*[[Nallakannu]] – former Tamil Nadu state secretary of the party
*[[N.E. Balaram]] - Founding leader of the [[Socialism in India|communist movement]] in Kerala, India
*[[Pannyan Raveendran]] – Former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[Parvathi Krishnan]] - Parliamentarian
*[[P. Krishna Pillai]] - Founder and First secretary of CPI in Kerala
*[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] – Former Chief minister of Kerala, Former AISF general secretary, Former AIYF general secretary
*[[Puran Chand Joshi]] – first general secretary of the Communist Party of India
*[[P. S. Sreenivasan]] – Former Minister of Kerala
*[[Rajaji Mathew Thomas]] - Journalist, former MLA and CPI National council Member, from Kerala
*[[Ramendra Kumar]] – Former Parliamentarian, national executive member, national president AITUC
*[[Rosamma Punnoose]] - Freedom Fighter
*[[R.Sugathan]] - Prominent trade unionist, mass leader and member of Kerala Legislative assembly
*[[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] - First general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
*[[S.S. Mirajkar]] – Trade Unionist, Freedom fighter
*[[Suhasini Chattopadhyay]] - founding member of CPI
*[[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] – former general secretary of the party & parliamentarian
*[[Shripad Amrit Dange]] – Freedom fighter & former chairman of the party
*[[Thoppil Bhasi]] – Writer, film director & parliamentarian
*[[T. V. Thomas]] – Minister in first Kerala ministry
*[[Veliyam Bharghavan]] – Parliamentarian & Former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[Vidya Munshi]] - Journalist
*[[Vimla Dang]] - leader of CPI
*[[V. S. Sunil Kumar]] - Former Agriculture Minister in Kerala
*[[V. V. Raghavan|V.V. Raghavan]] -CPI Central Secretariat Member,Two time Loksabha Member from [[Thrissur]] Kerala, [[Rajya sabha]] Member, Former [[Agriculture minister|Agriculture Minister]] of Kerala

==General election results==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="border: 2px #000000 solid;width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|+ Performance of Communist Party of India in Lok Sabha elections
!
[[Lok Sabha]]
! style="width:25%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Year
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Total Lok Sabha constituencies
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Seats won / contested
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change in seats
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Total votes
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Percentage of votes
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" | Change in vote %
! style="width:15%;"Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white" class="unsortable" | {{ref.}}
|-
| align=left|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]
| 1952|| 489 || {{Composition bar|16|49|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || - || 3,487,401 || 3.29% || -
| <ref name="ECI1951">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=LS Statistical Report : 1951 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=70 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]
| 1957|| 494 || {{Composition bar|27|109|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 11 || 10,754,075 || 8.92% || {{increase}} 5.63%
| <ref name="ECI1957">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1957 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=49 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404200011/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf# | archive-date=4 April 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]
| 1962|| 494 || {{Composition bar|29|137|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 02 || 11,450,037 || 9.94% || {{increase}} 1.02%
| <ref name="ECI1962">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1962 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=75 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203719/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf# | archive-date=4 April 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]
| 1967|| 520 || {{Composition bar|23|109|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 06 || 7,458,396 || 5.11% || {{decrease}} 4.83%
| <ref name="ECI1967">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1967 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=78 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]]
| 1971|| 518 || {{Composition bar|23|87|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{steady}} 00 || 6,933,627 || 4.73% || {{decrease}} 0.38%
| <ref name="ECI1971">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1971 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=79 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[6th Lok Sabha|Sixth]]
| 1977|| 542 || {{Composition bar|7|91|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 16 || 5,322,088 || 2.82% || {{decrease}} 1.91%
| <ref name="ECI1977">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1977 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=89 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[7th Lok Sabha|Seventh]]
| 1980|| 529 ( 542* ) || {{Composition bar|10|47|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 03 || 4,927,342 || 2.49% || {{decrease}} 0.33%
| <ref name="ECI1980">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1980 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=86 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[8th Lok Sabha|Eighth]]
| 1984|| 541 || {{Composition bar|6|66|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 04 || 6,733,117 || 2.70% || {{increase}} 0.21%
| <ref name="ECI1984">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1984 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=81 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718184911/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ECI1985">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1985/Vol_I_LS_85.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1985 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015622/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1985/Vol_I_LS_85.pdf# | archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[9th Lok Sabha|Ninth]]
| 1989|| 529 || {{Composition bar|12|50|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{increase}} 06 || 7,734,697 || 2.57% || {{decrease}} 0.13%
| <ref name="ECI1989">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1989 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=88 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[10th Lok Sabha|Tenth]]
| 1991|| 534 || {{Composition bar|14|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{increase}} 02 || 6,898,340 || 2.48% || {{decrease}} 0.09%
| <ref name="ECI1991">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1991 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=58 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183558/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf | archive-date=18 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ECI1992">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1992/GE_VOL_I_92.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1992 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161046/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1992/GE_VOL_I_92.pdf# | archive-date=6 June 2016 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[11th Lok Sabha|Eleventh]]
| 1996|| 543 || {{Composition bar|12|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 02 || 6,582,263 || 1.97% || {{decrease}} 0.51%
| <ref name="ECI1996">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 1996 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=93 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183504/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf# | archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[12th Lok Sabha|Twelfth]]
| 1998|| 543 || {{Composition bar|09|58|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} || {{decrease}} 03 || 6,429,569 || 1.75% || {{decrease}} 0.22%
| <ref name="ECI1998">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1998 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=93 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[13th Lok Sabha|Thirteenth]]
| 1999|| 543 || {{Composition bar|04|54|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 05 || 5,395,119 || 1.48% || {{decrease}} 0.27%
| <ref name="ECI1999">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1999 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=92 |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[14th Lok Sabha|Fourteenth]]
| 2004|| 543 || {{Composition bar|10|34|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{increase}} 06 || 5,484,111 || 1.41% || {{decrease}} 0.07%
| <ref name="ECI2004">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf | title=LS Statistical Report : 2004 Vol. 1 | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=101 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718190634/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf# | archive-date=18 July 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]
| 2009|| 543 || {{Composition bar|04|56|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 06 || 5,951,888 || 1.43% || {{increase}} 0.02%
| <ref name="ECI2009">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf | title=LS 2009 : Performance of National Parties | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223419/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf# | archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| align=left|[[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]
| 2014|| 543 || {{Composition bar|1|67|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}|| {{decrease}} 03 || 4,327,298 || 0.78% || {{decrease}} 0.65%
| <ref name="ECI2014">{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf | title=LS 2014 : List of successful candidates | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 October 2014 | page=93 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024141309/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf# | archive-date=24 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]
|2019
|543
|{{Composition bar|2|49|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{increase}} 01
|3,576,184
|0.58%
|{{decrease}} 0.2%
| <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802000135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf#|archive-date=2 August 2013|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123041546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf#|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status = live}}</ref>
|}
* : 12 seats in Assam and 1 in Meghalaya did not vote.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State || No. of candidates 2019 || No. of elected 2019 || No. of candidates 2014 || No. of elected 2014 || No. of candidates 2009 || No. of elected 2009 || Total no. of seats in the state
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || (25)(2014)/42(2009)
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Assam]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Bihar (India)|Bihar]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 40
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 11
|-
|[[Goa]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || 1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 26
|-
|[[Haryana]] || 1 ||0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 10
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 6
|-
|[[Jharkhand]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Karnataka]] ||1||0 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 28
|-
|[[Kerala]] ||4||0 || 4 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 20
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] ||4||0 || 5 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 29
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] ||2||0 || 4 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 48
|-
|[[Manipur]] ||1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Meghalaya]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Mizoram]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Nagaland]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Odisha]] ||1||0 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 21
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] ||2||0 || 5 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 13
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 25
|-
|[[Sikkim]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] ||2||2 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 39
|-
|[[Tripura]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Telangana]] ||2||0 || || || || || 17
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] ||12||0 || 8 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 80
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 5
|-
|[[West Bengal]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 42
|-
! colspan="8" | Union Territories:
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Chandigarh]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Daman and Diu]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Delhi]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 7
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]] ||1<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ali-akbar-k/candidates/candidateid-7959.cms|title=Ali Akbar K.: Ali Akbar K. CPI from LAKSHADWEEP in Lok Sabha Elections | Ali Akbar K. News, images and videos|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|'''Total:''' || 50 || 2 || 67 || 1 || 56 || 4 || 543
|}
<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto1"/>
<ref>{{cite web|url= https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10983-6-state-wise-candidate-data-summary/ |title=6. State Wise Candidate data Summary |access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/ | title=Seventh Lok Sabha elections (1980) | work=Indian Express | date=14 March 2014 | agency=Indian Express | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026125112/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/# | archive-date=26 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== State Legislative assembly results ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Year
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|State
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Total assembly seats
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Seats won / Seats contested
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Change in seats
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Votes
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Vote %
! Style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|Change in vote %
|-
|Rowspan=5|[[2021 elections in India|2021]]
|[[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]]
|126
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|27,290
|0.84%
|{{decrease}} 0.14%
|- style="background-color:#FFE6E6";
|'''[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]'''
|140
|'''{{Composition bar|17|23|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}'''
|'''{{decrease}} 2'''
|'''1,579,235'''
|'''7.58%'''
|{{decrease}} '''0.54%'''
|-
| [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Puducherry]]
|30
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 7,522
| 0.90%
|{{decrease}} 0.2%
|- style="background-color:#FFE6E6";
|'''[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]'''
|'''234'''
|'''{{Composition bar|2|6|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}'''
|'''{{increase}} 2'''
|'''504,537'''
|'''1.09%'''
|{{increase}} '''0.3%'''
|-
| [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|West Bengal]]
|294
|{{Composition bar|0|10|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|118,655
|0.20%
|{{decrease}} 1.25%
|-
|[[2020 elections in India|2020]]
|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]]
|243
|{{Composition bar|2|4|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
| 349,489
| 0.83%
|{{decrease}} 0.57%
|-
|Rowspan=4|[[2019 elections in India|2019]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]
|175
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|34,746
| 0.11%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand]]
|81
|{{Composition bar|0|18|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
|68,589
| 0.46%
|{{decrease}} 0.43%
|-
|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]]
|288
|{{Composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 35,188
| 0.06%
|{{decrease}} 0.07%
|-
|[[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]]
|147
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 29,235
|0.12%
|{{decrease}} 0.39%
|-
|Rowspan=4|[[2018 elections in India|2018]]
|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
|90
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 48,255
| 0.34%
|{{decrease}} 0.32%
|-
|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan]]
|200
|{{Composition bar|0|16|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 42,820
| 0.12%
|{{decrease}} 0.06%
|-
|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
|119
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
| 83,215
|0.40%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]]
|60
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
| 19,352
| 0.82%
|{{decrease}} 0.85%
|-
|rowspan=2|[[2017 elections in India|2017]]
|[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Himachal Pradesh]]
|68
|{{Composition bar|0|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 1,686
| 0.04%
|{{decrease}} 0.15%
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh]]
|403
|{{Composition bar|0|68|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
|{{steady}}
| 138,764
| 0.16%
|{{increase}} 0.03%
|}
*N/A indicates Not Available
*{{legend2|#FFE6E6|indicates in government or in Coalition government |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! State || No. of candidates || No. elected || Total no. of seats in Assembly || Year of Election
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] || 7 || 0 || 175 || 2019
|-
|[[Assam]] || 1 || 0 || 126 || 2021
|-
|[[Bihar (India)|Bihar]] || 6 || 2 || 243 || 2020
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] || 2 || 0 || 90 || 2018
|-
|[[Delhi]] || 3 || 0 || 70 || 2020
|-
|[[Goa]] || 2 || 0 || 40 || 2017
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || 2 || 0 || 182 || 2017
|-
|[[Haryana]] || 4 || 0 || 90 || 2019
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] || 3 || 0 || 68 || 2017<ref>{{cite news |title=Assembly Election Results 2017: A Journey Through The Campaigning In Gujarat And Himachal Pradesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assembly-election-results-2017-a-journey-through-the-campaigning-in-gujarat-and-himachal-pradesh-1788913 |access-date=7 October 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=18 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 3 || 0 || 87 || 2014
|-
|[[Jharkhand]] || 16 || 0 || 81 || 2019
|-
|[[Karnataka]] || 4 || 0 || 224 || 2018
|-
|[[Kerala]] || 23 || 17 || 140 || 2021
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] || 18 || 0 || 230 || 2018
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] || 16 || 0 || 288 || 2019
|-
|[[Manipur]] || 6 || 0 || 60 || 2017
|-
|[[Meghalaya]] || 1 || 0 || 60 || 2013
|-
|[[Mizoram]] || 0 || 0 || 40 || 2013
|-
|[[Odisha]] || 12 || 0 || 147 || 2019
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] || 1 || 0 || 30 || 2021
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 23 || 0 || 117 || 2017
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] || 42 || 0 || 200 || 2018
|-
|[[Telangana]] || 3 || 0 || 119 || 2018
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] || 6 || 2 || 234 || 2021
|-
|[[Tripura]] || 1 || 0 || 60 || 2018
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] || 68 || 0 || 403 || 2017
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]] || 4 || 0 || 70 || 2017
|-
|[[West Bengal]] || 10 || 0 || 294 || 2021
|}
Results from the Election Commission of India website. Results do not deal with partitions of states (Bihar was bifurcated after the 2000 election, creating [[Jharkhand]]), defections and by-elections during the mandate period.

==See also==
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[List of political parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties]]
*[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
*[[Left Front (West Bengal)]]
*[[Left Front (Tripura)]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* Chakrabarty, Bidyut. ''Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies'' (Oxford University Press, 2014).
* Devika, J. "Egalitarian developmentalism, communist mobilization, and the question of caste in Kerala State, India." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' (2010): 799-820. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J_Devika/publication/231963735_Egalitarian_Developmentalism_Communist_Mobilization_and_the_Question_of_Caste_in_Kerala_State_India/links/56a6105308ae2c689d39b459.pdf online]
* D'mello, Vineet Kaitan. "The United Socialist Front: The Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party of India." ''Proceedings of the Indian History Congress''. Vol. 73. (2012) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156257 online].
* Haithcox, John Patrick. ''Communism and Nationalism in India'' (Princeton UP, 2015).
* Kautsky, John H. ''Moscow and the Communist Party of India: A Study in the Postwar Evolution of International Communist Strategy.'' (MIT Press, 1956).
* Kohli, Atul. "Communist Reformers in West Bengal: Origins, Features, and Relations with New Delhi." in ''State Politics in Contemporary India'' (Routledge, 2019) pp. 81–102.
* Lockwood, David. ''The communist party of India and the Indian emergency'' (SAGE Publications India, 2016).
* Lovell, Julia. '' Maoism: A Global History'' (2019)
* Masani, M.R. ''The Communist Party of India: A Short History.'' (Macmillan, 1954). [https://archive.org/details/communistpartyof0000masa online]
* Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. ''Communism in India'' (U of California Press, 2020)
* Paul, Santosh, ed. ''The Maoist Movement in India: perspectives and counterperspectives'' (Taylor & Francis, 2020).
* Pons, Silvio and Robert Service, eds. ''A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism'' (Princeton UP, 2010) pp 180–182.
* Singer, Wendy. "Peasants and the Peoples of the East: Indians and the Rhetoric of the Comintern," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe, ''International Communism and the Communist International, 1919-43.'' (Manchester University Press, 1998).
* Steur, Luisa. "Adivasis, Communists, and the rise of indigenism in Kerala." ''Dialectical Anthropology'' 35.1 (2011): 59-76. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luisa_Steur/publication/225125280_Adivasis_Communists_and_the_rise_of_indigenism_in_Kerala/links/550945210cf27e990e0e2c5b.pdf online]
* N.E. Balaram, ''A Short History of the Communist Party of India.'' Kozikkode, Cannanore, India: Prabhath Book House, 1967.
* Samaren Roy, ''The Twice-Born Heretic: M.N. Roy and the Comintern.'' Calcutta: Firma KLM Private, 1986.

===Primary sources===
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume One, 1917-1922.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1971.
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume Two, 1923-1925.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1974.
* V.B. Karnick (ed.), ''Indian Communist Party Documents, 1930-1956.'' Bombay: Democratic Research Service/Institute of Public Relations, 1957.
* Rao, M. B., Ed. ''Documents Of The History Of The Communist Party Of India(1948-1950), Vol. 7'' (1960) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.148620 online]
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons|Communist Party of India}}
*{{official website|http://www.communistparty.in/}}
*[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/ Constitution]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28Communist+Party+of+India%29&sort=-date primary sources]

{{Communist Party of India}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Communist Party Of India}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India| ]]
[[Category:1925 in India]]
[[Category:1925 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Former member parties of the United Progressive Alliance]]
[[Category:Communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing parties in Asia]]
[[Category:National political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1925]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Recognised national political parties in India]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in India]]

Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury

2022-01-09T09:58:34Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury
| image = File:The Minister of State for Railways, Shri Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury addressing at the presentation of the National Awards for Outstanding Service in Railways, in Mumbai on April 16, 2013.jpg
| caption = Chowdhury in Mumbai, c. April 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|04|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Baharampur|Behrampore]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| residence = 9, Haribabu Lane P.O.-[[Cossimbazar]] [[Baharampur|Berhampore]] - 2 [[West Bengal]]- 742102
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Indian National Congress|Leader of Indian National Congress]] in [[Lok Sabha]]
| president2 = [[Sonia Gandhi]] ''(Interim)''
| president1 = [[Rahul Gandhi]] [[Sonia Gandhi]] ''(Interim)''
| termstart1 = 16 June 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| office2 = [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|President of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 9 September 2020
| predecessor2 = [[Somendra Nath Mitra]]
| term_start3 = 11 February 2014
| term_end3 = 22 September 2018
| predecessor3 = [[Pradip Bhattacharya]]
| successor3 = [[Somendra Nath Mitra]]
| office4 = [[Public Accounts Committee (India)|Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee]]
| term_start4 = 26 July 2019
| term_end4 =
| appointed4 = [[Om Birla]]
{{small|([[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha Speaker]])}}
| predecessor4 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituency5 = [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampore]]
| termstart5 = 11 October 1999
| termend5 =
| predecessor5 = [[Promothes Mukherjee]]
| office6 = [[Union Minister|Minister of State for Railways]]
| primeminister6 = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| termstart6 = 28 October 2012
| termend6 = 26 May 2014
| predecessor6 = [[Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy|K.J. Surya Prakash Reddy]]
| successor6 = [[Manoj Sinha]] [[Rajen Gohain]]
| office7 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor7 = [[Sisir Sarkar]]
| termstart7 = 1996
| termend7 = 1999
| constituency7 = [[Nabagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nabagram]]
| profession = Social worker, Politician
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Arpita Chowdhury|15 September 1987|9 January 2019|end=d.}}|{{marriage|Atasi Chattopadhyaya Chowdhury|2019}}}}
| children = 2
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury''' (born 2 April 1956) is an Indian politician serving as the leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[17th Lok Sabha]] and the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampore]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/congress-names-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-as-its-leader-in-lok-sabha-reports/438941 | title=After Rahul Gandhi refuses, Congress names Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury as its leader in Lok Sabha: Reports | publisher=Times Now | date=18 June 2019 | access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref> He is also the current president of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]] following the demise of [[Somendra Nath Mitra]].<ref>[http://westbengalelectionresult.com/adhir-chowdhury-congress-leader-political-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/285 Adhir Chowdhury -Political Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206144334/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/adhir-chowdhury-congress-leader-political-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/285 |date=6 December 2010 }} Adhir Chowdhury -Political Profile</ref>

==Early life==
Chowdhury was born on 2 April 1956 to Niranjan and Saroja Bala Chowdhury at [[Berhampore, West Bengal|Berhampore]] in [[Murshidabad district]], [[West Bengal]]. He studied at I.C. Institute in Berhampore.<ref name="LS">{{cite web |title=Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=97 |work=Lok Sabha |access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

==Political career==
Chowdhury joined the [[Indian National Congress]] party during the premiership of [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. In 1991, he contested the [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election| West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Nabagram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nabagram constituency]]. During the polling, he was chased by 300 supporters of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and held hostage by its candidate. Chowdhury lost by a margin of 1,401 votes. In 1996, he was elected from the same constituency.<ref name="IT">{{cite web |title=Congress finds a champion in former Naxalite Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury to take on Left Front |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20030609-congress-finds-a-champion-in-former-naxalite-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-to-take-on-left-front-792639-2003-06-09 |publisher=[[India Today]] |access-date=30 May 2019 |date=9 June 2003}}</ref> Chowdhury was polled 76,852 votes and won by a margin of approximately 20,329 votes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nabagram |url=https://www.electionsinindia.com/west-bengal/nabagram-assembly-vidhan-sabha-constituency-elections |publisher=Elections in India |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref>

Chowdhury contested the [[1999 Indian general election]] from [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampore constituency]]. He won by a margin of 95,391 votes<ref name="IT"/> and defeated his nearest rival, the sitting MP Pramothes Mukherjee of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]].<ref name="berhampore">{{cite web |title=Berhampore |url=http://www.elections.in/west-bengal/parliamentary-constituencies/baharampur.html |publisher=Elections |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref> Following his success, he was made the Congress president for the [[Murshidabad district]].<ref name="IT"/> Between 1999 and 2000, he served as a member of Committee on Information Technology, Railway Convention Committee and Committee to Review the Rate of Dividend Payable by the Railway Undertaking to the General Revenues. Between 2000 and 2004, he served as a member of Consultative Committee of the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]].<ref name="LS"/> In 2003, under Chowdhury's leadership, the Congress party won 23 out of 33 ''[[Panchayat Raj|zilla parishad]]'' seats, 13 out of 26 ''[[Panchayat samiti (block)|panchayat samiti]]s'' and 104 out of 254 village councils in Murshidabad.<ref name="IT"/>

On 28 October 2012 he was inducted in the Union Ministry under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as Minister of State for Railways.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/cabinet-reshuffle-18-518897.html | title=UPA ministry gets 17 new faces, core team stays| date=28 October 2012 |work=News 18 |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Shri Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury taking charge as the Minister of State for Railways, in New Delhi on October 29, 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Chowdhury taking charge as the Minister of State for Railways, in New Delhi on 29 October 2012.]]
After taking charge as Minister of State for Railways, he has reviewed the statutes of safety, punctuality and passenger amenities with Board Members and inspected Sealdah, Howrah, Beharampur etc. railway stations to check adequacy of passenger amenity facilities.

He became the president of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|West Bengal Pradesh Congress]] on 10 February 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/In-tough-message-Cong-makes-Adhir-Chowdhury-PCC-chief/articleshow/30180087.cms|title=In tough message, Cong makes Adhir Chowdhury PCC chief - Times of India|access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref>

In June 2019, he was selected as Congress leader in Lok Sabha. According to a report in NDTV, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury was given the job after the party failed to convince Rahul Gandhi.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-leader-of-congress-in-lok-sabha-1551203-2019-06-18 | title=West Bengal's Adhir Ranjan is Congress leader in Lok Sabha |work=India Today |date=18 June 2019|first=Mausami |last=Singh |access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>
On 26 July 2019, Chowdhury was appointed as the chairman of Seventeenth Lok Sabha Committee on Public Accounts. The Public Accounts Committee is now constituted every year under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |title=दो कमेटियों का गठनः कांग्रेसी चौधरी एक के तो दूसरे की लेखी अध्यक्ष |url=https://www.jansatta.com/national/lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-appoints-meenakashi-lekhi-chairman-committee-public-undertakings-congress-mp-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-chairperson-public-accounts-committee-aka-pac/1098329/ |access-date=4 August 2019 |work=Jansatta |date=26 July 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>

After passing away of [[Somen Mitra]], the then president of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]], on 9 September 2020, Chowdhury was appointed as the president of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |url =https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-appointed-west-bengal-congress-chief-2293039|title =Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury Appointed West Bengal Congress Chief|date =9 September 2020|website =ndtv.com|agency= [[Press Trust of India]]|access-date =9 September 2020}} </ref>
{{clearleft}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{commonscatinline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040907205217/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/biodata.asp?mpsno=97 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website ('''cache site''')]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Promothes Mukherjee]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampore]] |years=1999 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}

{{s-break}} 

{{s-ppo|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pradip Bhattacharya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]] |years=10 February 2014 – 21 September 2018}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Somen Mitra]]}}

{{s-break}} 

{{s-bef|before=[[Mallikarjun Kharge]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]|years=2019 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}

{{s-break}} 

{{s-end}}

{{17th Lok Sabha members from all states}}
{{16th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{15th LS members from West Bengal}}
{{Eleventh to Fourteenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly5}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Adhir Ranjan}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:14th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:15th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:17th Lok Sabha members]]

West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee

2022-01-09T09:57:36Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0: /* List of presidents */

{{unreferenced|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee
|native_name = পশ্চিমবঙ্গ প্রদেশ কংগ্রেস কমিটি
|logo =[[File:Congresspartylogo….png|180px]]
|colorcode = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|president = '''[[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]] MP'''
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1966|06|19}}
|founder =
|headquarters = 104E, Dr. Lalmohon Bhattacharjee Road, [[Kolkata]]-700014, [[West Bengal]]
|eci = State Party
|alliance = [[United Progressive Alliance]]
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|42|hex=#00BFFF}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|16|hex=#00BFFF}}
|ideology = {{ubl|[[Populism]]|[[Social liberalism]]|[[Neoliberalism]]|[[Social democracy]]|[[Secularism]]}}
|position =
|publication = ''Andolon''
|youth = West Bengal Youth Congress
|students = [[West Bengal State Chhatra Parishad]]
|women = West Bengal Pradesh Mahila Congress Committee
|peasants =
|website = {{url|http://wbpcc.org.in/}}
|symbol = [[File:Hand_INC.svg|150px]]
|worker=
| state_seats_name = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats ={{Composition bar|0|292|hex=#00BFFF}}
| state2_seats_name = [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]]
|state2_seats = {{Composition bar|0|62|hex=#00BFFF}}
|country = [[India]]
}}
{{Indian National Congress sidebar}}
The '''West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee''' (WBPCC), formerly known as the '''Bengal Provincial Congress Committee''' in [[British Raj|Colonial India]], is the unit of the [[Indian National Congress]] for the state of [[West Bengal]].

The head office of the organization is ''Bidhan Bhavan'', situated in [[Kolkata]] at ''Dr. Lalmohon Bhattacharjee Road''. the President of the West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee is '''[[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]''' MP.

== List of presidents ==
*1935- [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
*1938- [[Sarat Chandra Bose]]
*1941- [[Nellie Sengupta]]
*1942- [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
*1945- Labanya Prabha Datta
*1948- Dr. Suresh Chandra Bandopaddhaya
*1949- Surendra Mohon Ghosh
*1950- [[Atulya Ghosh]]
*1958- Dr. Yadavendra Nath Panja
*1961- [[Atulya Ghosh]]
*1962- Rabindra Lal Singha
*1964- [[Ajoy Mukherjee]]
*1965- Rejaul Karim
*1966- [[Pratap Chandra Chunder|Dr. Pratap Chandra Chunder]]
*1970- [[Bijoy Singh Nahar]]
*1971- [[Abdus Sattar]]
*1972- Arun Patra
*1977- Purabi Mukherjee
*1978- [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
*1980- [[Ajit Kumar Panja]]
*1981- Ananda Gopal Mukherjee
*1985- [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
*1987- [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]
*1988- [[A.B.A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
*1991- [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray|Sidhdharta Sankar Ray]]
*1992- [[Somendra Nath Mitra]]
*1998- [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]]
*2000- [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
*2008- [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]]
*2010- [[Manas Bhunia]]
*2011- [[Pradip Bhattacharya]]
*2014- [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
*2018- [[Somendra Nath Mitra]]
*2020- [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]

==Activities==
The WBPCC, since 2009, has been trying to regain the Congress's lost votebank in West Bengal after the advent of [[Trinamool Congress]] as the principal challenger to the Left Front in the state.
In order to maintain a healthy alliance with the AITC at the Centre before 2014, the PCC had to compromise regarding the seat-sharing arrangement for every election since the 2009 Loksabha polls.

Despite its organisational strength, it had not been allowed to contest sufficient number of seats in its bastions in the 2011 Vidhansabha election.

The workers have been attacked and their party offices have been taken over by alleged AITC activists.
Therefore, INC was left with no other option but to field candidates independently, due to which INC couldn't field winning candidates in as many as 24 of the 129 wards which went to polls.

The big task ahead is to prove the party's existence as a force to reckon with in the state by defending its fortresses and by winning a substantial number of seats in upcoming elections.

== Performance in elections ==
=== Loksabha election, 2009 ===
The Congress high command had worked out an alliance with the [[Trinamool Congress]] for the 2009 Loksabha polls as a result of which the state leadership of the Congress had to accept the seat-sharing deal with the AITC on Mamata Banerjee's terms. The AITC offered 14 of the 42 seats in West Bengal for the Congress to contest, and that included several Left Front bastions for decades like Arambagh, Jhargram, Bankura and Bolpur. But the leaders eventually had to accept the "humiliating"{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}} offer for the sake of the alliance. The Congress fought 'bravely'{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}} in the Loksabha election and retained all its fortresses such as Jangipur, Baharampur, Murshidabad, Malda North, Malda South and Raiganj, but it could not open its account in the rest of South Bengal where its contested only "unwinnable" seats which the Left Front retained. Before the election, the Congress had 6 MPs from West Bengal – and it remained with six even after the election. On the other hand, the AITC, with only one MP, went up to 19, thanks to the alliance. Overall as an alliance, the AITC-INC-SUCI combined crushed the then-ruling Left Front which won 15 seats as opposed to the alliance's 26.

=== Municipal election, 2010 ===
Elections to 81 municipalities in West Bengal took place in the year 2010. Again the AITC offered very few seats to the Congress. But the municipal election being a localized one, the state leadership officially decided to go it alone in the election but left it to the local leadership of the party to decide whether to go for unofficial seat adjustments with the AITC at the local level. This election was seen as a "do or die" for the state Congress to prove its independent existence in the state and also the fact that it could win on its own.

====[[Jalpaiguri division]]====

The Congress performed very well in the Cooch Behar municipality by winning eight seats but it could not open its account in Tufanganj, Mathabhanga and Dinhata municipalities.

It won 16 of the 25 seats Jalpaiguri municipality.

====[[Malda division]]====
The Congress improved its performance and won the Englishbazaar municipality with support from the AITC but in Old Malda municipality it could win only in 6 seats while the Left Front won 12.
It also won the Beldanga, Murshidabad and Kandi municipalities and missed Dhulian by just one seat. But it could not manage victory at Jangipur and Jiaganj-Azimganj municipalities.

====[[Presidency division]]====
It retained Santipur and Birnagar municipalities but lost Ranaghat. It also won a few seats in Nabadwip and Kalyani.
INC performed quite well and required support of AITC to form the municipal boards. In Kolkata, it secured as many as 10 seats.

INC emerged as the single largest party in [[Jaynagar Majilpur Municipality]] and formed the board with external support.

But it failed to win any seat in Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh, Kamarhati, Khardaha and Bidhannagar, Baruipur, Bally, Gayeshpur, Taherpur, Baranagar, Titagarh, New Barrackpur, Kanchrapara, Garulia, Taki and Bongaon

====[[Burdwan division]]====
The Congress formed the municipal board in Rishra by emerging as the single largest party and the AITC required the Congress's support to control Sreerampur, Champdani and Konnagar. Though the Congress won substantial seats in Bansebria, Bhadreswar, Baidyabati and Hooghly-Chinsura it was blanked out in Chandannagar, Uttarpara-Kotrung, Tarakeswar and Arambagh.
The Congress won all 19 seats and won Katwa municipality and emerged as the single largest party in Dainhat. The AITC required the support of 5 Congress councillors to form the board at Kalna. The Congress also won an impressive number of seats in Memari and opened its account in Jamuria, but it remained a negligible force in Raniganj.
The Congress won an impressive 8 and 6 seats in Bolpur and Suri respectively and it secured 4 in Rampurhat.

====[[Medinipur division]]====
INC won 2 seats in Tamluk municipality but could not win any seat in Kanthi.
Also performed well in Ghatal, Kharagpur and Ramjibanpur where it formed the boards along with the AITC. But it could not make its presence be felt in Kharar, Khirpai and Chandrakona.
The Congress secured 8 seats in Purulia municipality and gained control of it along with the AITC but it could not snatch Jhalda from the Left. It also won a seat in Raghunathpur.
The Congress won 5 seats in Bankura, but it drew a blank in Sonamukhi and lost control of Bishnupur.

Overall, the Congress won 330 (18.4%) of the 1791 wards that went to polls in the year 2010. This was indeed an impressive result for the party, as it had fought alone - without the AITC.

=== Assembly election, 2011 ===
This time also, an "illogical and humiliating"{{Citation needed|date=March 2016}} offer of 65 of the 294 assembly seats had to be accepted by the state Congress as the high command wanted the [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]-[[Indian National Congress|INC]] alliance to remain intact. The Congress performed well by winning 42 of the 65 seats with excellent results from Malda and Murshidabad districts and pockets of North and South Bengal. It joined the Mamata Banerjee-led government and had two Cabinet ministers and 5 Ministers of State representing the party before withdrawing support from the state government .

=== Municipal election, 2012 ===
Municipal elections to Dhupguri, Durgapur, Haldia, Panskura, Nalhati and Coopers' Camp were held in 2012. The Congress fought independently and field candidates in 105 of the 129 wards for which elections were held.
The Congress could not win any seat in Dhupguri, Haldia and Panskura municipalities. It won a seat in Durgapur Municipal Corporation. In Nalhati (from where Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee's son Abhijit is elected to the assembly), the party managed three of the 15 seats. But the party received a shot in the arm when it registered a victory in Coopers' Camp – winning 11 of the 12 seats. The AITC won one.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.wbpcc.org/ Official website]
* {{Twitter|INCWestBengal}}
* [https://andolon.in/ Andolon, WBPCC mouthpiece]

{{Indian National Congress}}
{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Indian National Congress of West Bengal]]
[[Category:History of West Bengal]]

Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan

2022-01-09T07:14:36Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0: /* List of Presidents */

{{More citations needed|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| colorcode = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| party_name = Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan
| native_name =
| party_logo =File:Bharatiya Janata Party logo.svg
| president = [[Satish Poonia]]
| general_secretary = Chandrashekhar
| ppchairman =
| headquarters = C-51 Sardar Patel Marg, C-Scheme [[Jaipur]]-302001, [[Rajasthan]]
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance]]
| ideology = {{ubl|[[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]]|[[Social conservatism]]|[[Economic nationalism]]|[[Cultural nationalism]]|[[Hindu nationalism]]}}
| youth = Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, Rajasthan
| women = BJP Mahila Morcha, Rajasthan
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal}}}} [[Saffron (color)|Saffron]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|24|25|hex=#FF9900}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|7|10|hex=#FF9900}}
| state_seats_name = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|71|200|hex=#FF9933}}
| website = {{URL|http://rajasthanbjp.org}}
| symbol =[[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]] [[File:BJP election symbol.png|130px]]
|eci=}}
'''Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajasthan''' (or '''BJP Rajasthan''') is a [[State units of the Bharatiya Janata Party|state unit]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Rajasthan]]. [[Satish Poonia]] is the current president of the BJP Rajasthan. [[Vasundhara Raje]] was the previous Chief Minister of Rajasthan during 2013–2018,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajasthanbjp.org | title=BJP Rajasthan Official Website | publisher=|website=www.rajasthanbjp.org| access-date=}}</ref>
previously she served in the same post from 2003 to 2008. She was the first female Chief Minister of Rajasthan. And the former president of the BJP Rajasthan.

== History ==

=== [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] [1951-77] ===
The roots of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Rajasthan]] dates back to the times of its predecessor [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] which was traditionally strong in some pockets of Rajasthan. Of the 3 seats which the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] had won in the [[1951–52 Indian general election]], one of the seat was [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]] won by [[Umashankar Muljibhai Trivedi]]. The [[1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|elections]] held to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in 1952 witnessed the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] winning 8 seats out of the 50 seats it had contested and had garnered 5.93% of the votes polled.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan 1951|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3378-rajasthan-1951/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref> However the tally of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] fell in the [[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|subsequent election]] as [[Ram Rajya Parishad]] led by [[Swami Karpatri]] too contested the elections and the vote division took place.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan 1957|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3379-rajasthan-1957/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref> However, in the subsequent elections of 1962 and 1967 the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] won 15 and 22 seats respectively crossing vote share of 10%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan 1962|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3380-rajasthan-1962/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan 1967|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3382-rajasthan-1967/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref> In the 1972 elections despite maintaining the vote share the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] could win only 8 seats.

=== [[Janata Party]] [1977-80] ===
In 1975, [[Indira Gandhi]] declared a state of [[Indian Emergency|Emergency]], and threw many major opposition politicians in jail including the leaders of the BJS. In 1977, the Emergency was withdrawn, and elections were held. The BJS, joined forces with the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal]], the [[Indian National Congress (Organization)|Congress (O)]], and the [[Socialist Party (India)|Socialist Party]], to form the [[Janata Party]]. The elections saw [[Janata Party]] emerging victorious in 152/200 seats in the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajasthan 1977|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3385-rajasthan-1977/|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN}}</ref> As the [[Jan Sangh]] faction was the largest in the legislative party, its leader [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] became the first non-Congress [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]. However the government began to wither as significant ideological and political divisions emerged. The party consisted of veteran socialists, trade unionists and pro-business leaders, making major reforms difficult to achieve without triggering a divide. Socialist politicians shared an aversion to the Hindu nationalist agenda of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, whose members included Vajpayee, Advani and other leaders from the former [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]. The party thereafter split and [[Indira Gandhi]] emerged victorious in the [[1980 Indian general election]] and came back to power. The [[Janata Party]] government led by [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] was dismissed on the grounds that the Government had lost the public trust.

=== [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [1980- present] ===
In April 1980, shortly after the elections, the National Executive Council of the Janata Party banned its members from being 'dual members' of party and the RSS. In response, the former Jana Sangh members left to create a new political party, known as the Bharatiya Janata Party. Although the newly formed BJP was technically distinct from the Jana Sangh, the bulk of its rank and file were identical to its predecessor which helped the [[BJP]] in retaining some of its traditional [[Jan Sangh]] vote base. The BJP emerged as the principal opposition to the ruling [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] both the times in 1980 as well as 1985.

The allegations of corruption, known as the [[Bofors scandal]], against [[Rajiv Gandhi]] witnessed the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] party's defeat in [[1989 Indian general election]]. The [[National Front (India)|National Front]] coalition was formed with the outside support from the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and [[V. P. Singh]] became the prime minister. The Congress subsequently even lost the 1990 Rajasthan elections to the [[BJP]]. The [[BJP]] with 85 seats formed a coalition with the [[Janata Dal]] which had 55 seats and [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] became the [[List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party|first Chief Minister from the Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 4 March 1990.

On 6 December 1992, [[Demolition of Babri Masjid|Babri Masjid was demolished]] in Uttar Pradesh and [[Kalyan Singh]], the then [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] took the moral responsibility and resigned. The state was put under [[President's rule]]. However [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], the then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] undemocratically dismissed the [[BJP]] ruled state Governments in [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] due to viloence erupted in these states with the fall of the Masjid, while the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Government in [[Maharashtra]] was spared despite [[Bombay riots]] and [[1993 Bombay bombings]].

While the [[BJP]] lost subsequent elections held in 1993 to [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]], it was able to win a wafer thin majority in [[Rajasthan]] and managed to form a Government with support of independents under [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]. The [[BJP]] however lost 1998 state elections to the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] led by [[Ashok Gehlot]] and was reduced to 33 seats in the Assembly of 200 seats. Thereafter the power has been alternating between the [[BJP]] and the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] once in every 5 years.

== Support base ==
For many years, the [[BJP]] support base was mainly [[Rajput]] due to the fact that the [[BJP]] was led by [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] and the disillusionment of [[Rajput]]s with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] due to the land reforms undertaken by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Government due to which large number of tillers, with the new act, became land owners while the jagirdars who were mainly Rajputs became dispossessed of their lands.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-09|title=Rajasthan assembly polls: Jats, Rajputs hold the key to 43 seats in Marwar|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/jaipur/rajasthan-assembly-polls-jats-rajputs-hold-the-key-to-43-seats-in-marwar/story-PDLRW0Ti3qk6vVkgclYmRI.html|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> The [[Brahmin]]s largely remained with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] till early 90's. However, [[Brahmin|they]] shifted to the [[BJP]] after [[Mandal Commission protests of 1990|Mandal Commission]] and [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmabhoomi movement]].

Over the years, the [[BJP]] has been able to garner a section of [[Jats|Jat's]] who were traditionally Congress voters as [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] had announced reservation for the Jats in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: Vajpayee woos Rajasthan's Jats with reservation promise|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/1999/aug/30jat1.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=www.rediff.com}}</ref> The Jats also resented the fact that in spite of Jat's voting [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1998 state elections, [[Parasram Maderna]], a Jat leader was not made the [[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]] in favour of [[Ashok Gehlot]], a non-Jat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-14|title=Rajasthan elections: Jats may hold key but won't get their own CM-Politics News , Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/rajasthan-their-own-as-cm-jats-dream-on-1171229.html|access-date=2021-05-30|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Besides, the projection of [[Vasundhara Raje]] as [[Jats|Jat]] ki Bahu (''daughter-in-law of Jat'') also helped the [[BJP]] to garner Jat votes and cross the majority mark in [[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003 state elections]], a feat which even the party patriarch [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] couldn't achieve.

== [[Elections in Rajasthan|Electoral Performance]] ==

=== [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly elections]] ===
{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Year
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Party leader
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Change in seats
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Percentage of votes
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Vote swing
!Outcome
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1980
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|32|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 32
|18.60%
|{{increase}} 18.60%
|Opposition
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1985
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|39|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 7
|21.24%
|{{increase}} 2.64%
|Opposition
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1990
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|85|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 46
|25.25%
|{{increase}} 4.01%
|Government
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1993
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|95|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 10
|38.60%
|{{increase}} 13.35%
|Government
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1998
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|33|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 62
|33.23%
|{{decrease}} 5.37%
|Opposition
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|120|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 87
|39.20%
|{{increase}} 5.97%
|Government
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|78|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 42
|34.27%
|{{decrease}} 4.93%
|Opposition
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|163|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 85
|45.17%
|{{increase}} 10.90%
|Government
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|73|200|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 90
|38.77%
|{{decrease}} 6.40%
|Opposition
|}

=== Lok Sabha elections ===
{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Year
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Party leader
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Change in seats
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|0|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|13|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 13
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|12|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|12|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{steady}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|5|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Composition bar|16|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 11
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|21|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 5
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|4|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 17
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|25|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 21
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Composition bar|24|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|}

== Leadership ==

=== [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|List of chief ministers]] ===
{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |No
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Term of Office
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Tenure
(in years and days)
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Assembly
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|4 March 1990
|15 December 1992
|{{Ayd|4 march 1990|15 december 1992}}
|Ninth
|- style="text-align:center;"
|4 December 1993
|2 November 1998
|{{Ayd|4 december 1993|29 november 1998}}
(total 7 years, 281 days)
|Tenth
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|8 December 2003
|11 December 2008
|{{Ayd|8 december 2003|11 december 2008}}
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Twelfth]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|13 December 2013
|16 December 2018
|{{Ayd|13 december 2013|16 december 2018}}
(total 10 years, 6 days)
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Fourteenth]]
|}

=== [[List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan|List of deputy chief ministers]] ===
{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |No
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Term of Office
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Tenure
(in years and days)
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Assembly
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|[[Hari Shankar Bhabhra]]
|6 October 1994
|29 November 1998
|{{Ayd|6 october 1994|29 november 1998}}
|[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
|}

=== List of Presidents ===
{| class="sortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big; width="
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |President
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Period
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Duration
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|[[Jagdish Prasad Mathur (Rajasthan politician)|Jagdish Prasad Mathur]]
|1980-81
|1 year
|- style="text-align:center;"
|2
|[[Hari Shankar Bhabhra]]
|1981-86
|5 years
|- style="text-align:center;"
|3
|[[Bhanwar Lal Sharma (politician)|Bhanwar Lal Sharma]]
|1986-88
|2 years
|- style="text-align:center;"
|4
|[[Lalit Kishore Chaturvedi]]
|1988-89
|1 year
|- style="text-align:center;"
|(3)
|[[Bhanwar Lal Sharma (politician)|Bhanwar Lal Sharma]]
|1989-90
|1 year
|- style="text-align:center;"
|5
|[[Ramdas Agarwal]]
|1990-97
|7 years
|- style="text-align:center;"
|6
|[[Raghuveer Singh Koshal]]
|1997-99
|2 years
|- style="text-align:center;"
|7
|[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]
|1999-2000
|1 year
|- style="text-align:center;"
|(3)
|[[Bhanwar Lal Sharma (politician)|Bhanwar Lal Sharma]]
|2000-02
|2 years
|-style="text-align:center;"
|8
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|2002-03
|1 year
|-style="text-align:center;"
|(4)
|[[Lalit Kishore Chaturvedi]]
|2003-06
|3 years
|-style="text-align:center;"
|9
|Mahesh Chand Sharma
|2006-08
|2 years
|-style="text-align:center;"
|10
|[[Om Prakash Mathur]]
|2008-09
|1 year
|-style="text-align:center;"
|11
|[[Arun Chaturvedi]]
|2009-13
|4 years
|-style="text-align:center;"
|(8)
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|2013-14
|1 year
|-style="text-align:center;"
|12
|[[Ashok Parnami]]
|2014-18
|4 years
|-style="text-align:center;"
|13
|[[Madan Lal Saini]]
|2018-19
|1 year
|-style="text-align:center;"
|14
|[[Satish Poonia]]
|2019–''Incumbent''
|2 years
|}
Source:<ref>{{Cite web|last=jarvis_admin|title=BJP Rajasthan Chief ministers & Presidents – BJP Rajasthan|url=http://rajasthanbjp.org/bjp-chief-ministers-presidents/|access-date=2021-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

==State-level organisations==
* Peasants: BJP Kisan Morcha, Rajasthan
* Women: BJP Mahila Morcha, Rajasthan
* Youth: Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, Rajasthan

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://rajasthanbjp.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party by state or union territory|Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]

Nityanand Swami (politician)

2022-01-08T16:27:51Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Nityanand Swami
| image =
| constituency =
| order = 1st
| office = Chief Minister of Uttarakhand
| term_start = 9 November 2000
| term_end = 29 October 2001
| predecessor = ''Office Established''
| successor = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| office1 = Chairman of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start1 = 23 May 1996
| term_end1 = 8 November 2000
| predecessor1 = Shiv Prasad Gupta
| successor1 = Om Prakash Sharma {{small|''(acting)''}}
| birth_date = 27 December 1927
| birth_place = [[Narnaul]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]] {{small|''(Now in [[Haryana]], [[India]])''}}
| residence = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2012|12|12|1927|12|27|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Chandrakanta Sharma
| children = 4
}}
'''Nityanand Swami''' (born '''Nityanand Sharma''', 27 December 1927 – 12 December 2012) was the chief minister of the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]], named Uttaranchal during his administration. He was the first [[chief minister]] of the state, serving from 9 November 2000 to 29 October 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/3208419_First-CM-of-Uttarakhand-passes-away- |title=fullstory |publisher=Ptinews.com |access-date=2012-12-12}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Swami was born in [[Narnaul]], [[Haryana]] and spent almost all his life in [[Dehradun]] where his father served in [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]]. He entered the Freedom Struggle {{clarify|date=May 2015}} at an early age, under the umbrella of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], and contributed in the local resistances at Dehradun. Swami, as he was known among his friends was not only an intellectual but also a debater and spokesman. He was declared all round student of [[Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System|Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College]], Dehradun in year 1949-52. In the 1950s and 1960s he was a worker of [[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]] and president of various trade unions; he preferred the non violent hunger strike ''[[Satyagraha]]'' in contrast to violent strikes of ''[[Bandh]]''.

==Political career==
Lawyer by profession, Swami entered active politics under the Bharatiya Jan Sangh. He had switched to the [[Indian National Congress]] for a brief period of time and to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] since then. As many as 18 times he was put in prison by the establishment when he supported the cause of struggling labourers. He participated in a number of hunger strikes.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

In 1969 Swami was first elected as a member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the Dehradun constituency. In 1984, he was elected into the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] from the graduate constituency of [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]. Swami represented the constituency of Garhwal and Kumaon for three years. He became Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of Uttar Pradesh in 1991 and was unanimously elected the Chairman of the same in 1992. Swami was elected the chairman of the up legislative council in 1992.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

Swami worked behind the scenes in the struggle for a separate Uttaranchal state. As the chairman of the council, he pursued matter and policies to uplift the qualities in these fields through various umbrella [[NGO]]s.{{clarify|date=May 2015}} He was honoured with the "Pride of the Doon" Award from Doon Citizen Council, [[Dehradun]], in recognition of distinguished contributions to the region. The soft-spoken Swami was honoured with the Uttar Pradesh Ratna in 2000 for the dedicated public work on "Rashtrabhasha" [[Hindi]].
He was awarded the ''Sahitya Bharati'' by Hindi Prachar Samiti in 1994.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

=== Chief Minister ===

On 9 November 2000, Nityanand Swami took the oath as the first chief minister of the new state of Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) He was asked by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leadership to acquire the newly created office of Chief Minister. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Uttaranchal's hilly politics threatens new CM Swami|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/10onkar.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='I am the biggest Pahari'|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/11inter.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nityanand Swamy elected first chief minister of Uttarancha|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/10onkar.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Uttaranchal's hilly politics threatens new CM Swami|language=en-IN|work=The Rediff|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/08onkar.htm|access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref>
He served from 9 November 2000 to 29 October 2001 in the office and then resigned voluntarily in favor of [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]] when asked by the BJP leadership.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}

==Personal life==
He was married to Chandrakanta Swami and had four daughters.

==Death==
He died at the age of 84, at the Combined Medical Institute (CMI), Dehradun on 12 December 2012.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.organiser.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=61&page=17
* http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/20001109/ifr09012.html
* http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/02feb09/national.htm
* http://hinduvoice.net/cgi-bin/dada/mail.cgi?flavor=archive;list=NL;id=20050126151537

{{S-start}}

{{succession box |
before= Post created |
title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand|Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]] |
years= 2000–2001 |
after= [[B. S. Koshyari]]
}}
{{S-end}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers|state=collapsed}}
{{Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swami, Nityanand}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1969–1974]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1997–2002]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2000–2002]]
[[Category:Chairs of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand politicians]]

List of chief ministers of Manipur

2022-01-08T16:22:35Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0: /* List */

{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox political post
| border = parliamentary
| minister = not_prime
| image = N. Biren Singh.jpg
| incumbent = [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| incumbentsince = 15 March 2017
| appointer = [[Governor of Manipur]]
| inaugural = [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]
| residence =

| post = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
| body = [[Manipur]]
| insignia = ..Manipur Flag(INDIA).png
| insigniasize = 100px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Manipur]]
| style = [[The Honourable]] {{small|(Formal)}} [[Mister|Mr. Chief Minister]] {{small|(Informal)}}
| status = [[Head of Government]]
| abbreviation = CM
| member_of = [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
| reportsto = [[Governor of Manipur]]
| termlength = At the confidence of the assembly
| termlength_qualified = Chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.<ref name="term1">[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Manipur as well.</ref>
| deputy = [[Yumnam Joykumar Singh]]
| formation = {{Start date and age|1963|07|01|df=y|p=y|br=y}}

}}

The '''Chief Minister of Manipur''' is the [[head of government|chief executive]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Manipur]]. As per the [[Constitution of India]], the [[Governors of states of India|governor]] is a state's ''[[de jure]]'' head, but ''[[de facto]]'' executive authority rests with the [[Chief Minister (India)|chief minister]]. Following elections to the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]], the [[Governor of Manipur|state's governor]] usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the [[Government of Manipur|government]]. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose [[Cabinet (government)|council of ministers]] are [[Cabinet collective responsibility|collectively responsible]] to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no [[term limit]]s.<ref name="term1">[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Manipur as well.</ref>

Since 1963, twelve people have served as Chief Minister of Manipur. Five of these belonged to the [[Indian National Congress]], including the inaugural officeholder [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]. The current incumbent [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]] is the first Chief Minister belonging to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

==List==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No{{efn|A number inside brackets indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
!Portrait
! Name
! Constituency
! colspan="3" | Term of office
!Assembly
([[Elections in Manipur|election]])
!colspan=2| Party{{efn|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he headed may have been a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 1
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]
|
| 1 July 1963
| 11 January 1967
|{{ayd|1963|7|1|1967|1|11}}
|Interim
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|[[President's rule]] may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". Rediff.com. 15 March 2005.</ref>}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 12 January 1967
| 19 March 1967
|{{ayd| 1967|1|12|1967|3|19}}
|
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (1)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]
| Thanga
| 20 March 1967
| 4 October 1967
|{{ayd| 1967|3|20|1967|10|4}}
| rowspan="4" |1st
([[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1967 election]])
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 2
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Longjam Thambou Singh]]
|
| 13 October 1967
| 24 October 1967
|{{ayd| 1967|10|13|1967|10|24}}
| Manipur United Front
|width="4px" style="background-color: yellow" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 25 October 1967
| 18 February 1968
|{{ayd| 1967|10|25|1968|2|18}}
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (1)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]
| Thanga
| 19 February 1968
| 16 October 1969
|{{ayd| 1968|2|19|1969|10|16}} (5 years, 266 days)
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 17 October 1969
| 22 March 1972
|{{ayd| 1969|10|17|1972|3|22}}
|
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 3
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Mohammed Alimuddin]]
| Lilong
| 23 March 1972
| 27 March 1973
|{{ayd| 1972|03|23|1973|03|27}}
|2nd
([[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]])
| [[Manipur Peoples Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: #99CC99" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 28 March 1973
| 3 March 1974
|{{ayd| 1973|3|28|1974|3|3}}
|
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Mohammed Alimuddin]]
| Lilong
| 4 March 1974
| 9 July 1974
|{{ayd| 1974|3|4|1974|7|9}}(1 year, 131 days)
| rowspan="5" |3rd
([[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1974 election]])
| [[Manipur Peoples Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: #99CC99" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 4
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Yangmasho Shaiza]]
| Ukhrul
| 10 July 1974
| 5 December 1974
|{{ayd| 1974|7|10|1974|12|5}}
| Manipur Hills Union
|width="4px" style="background-color: purple" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 5
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Raj Kumar Dorendra Singh]]
| Yaiskul
| 6 December 1974
| 15 May 1977
|{{ayd| 1974|12|6|1977|5|15}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 16 May 1977
| 28 June 1977
|{{ayd| 1977|5|16|1977|6|28}}
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (4)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Yangmasho Shaiza]]
| Ukhrul
| 29 June 1977
| 13 November 1979
|{{ayd| 1977|6|29|1979|11|13}} (2 years, 285 days)
| [[Janata Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 14 November 1979
| 13 January 1980
|{{ayd| 1979|11|14|1980|1|13}}
|
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (5)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Raj Kumar Dorendra Singh]]
| Yaiskul
| 14 January 1980
| 26 November 1980
|{{ayd| 1980|1|14|1980|11|26}}
| rowspan="4" |4th
([[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1980 election]])
|rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 6
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Rishang Keishing]]
| Phungyar
| 27 November 1980
| 27 February 1981
|{{ayd| 1980|11|27|1981|2|27}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 28 February 1981
| 18 June 1981
|{{ayd| 1981|2|28|1981|6|18}}
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|-align=center style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |(6)
| rowspan="2" |[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rishang Keishing]]
| rowspan="2" |Phungyar
| rowspan="2" |19 June 1981
| rowspan="2" |3 March 1988
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd| 1981|6|19|1988|3|3}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |5th
([[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1984 election]])
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 7
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Raj Kumar Jaichandra Singh]]
| Sagolband
| 4 March 1988
| 22 February 1990
|{{ayd| 1988|3|4|1990|2|22}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 8
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Raj Kumar Ranbir Singh]]
| Keishamthong
| 23 February 1990
| 6 January 1992
|{{ayd| 1990|2|23|1992|1|6}}
| rowspan="5" |6th
([[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1990 election]])
| [[Manipur Peoples Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: #99CC99" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 7 January 1992
| 7 April 1992
|{{ayd| 1992|1|7|1992|4|7}}
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (5)
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Raj Kumar Dorendra Singh]]
| Yaiskul
| 8 April 1992
| 10 April 1993
|{{ayd|1992|4|8|1993|4|10}} (4 years, 114 days)
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 31 December 1993
| 13 December 1994
|{{ayd| 1993|12|31|1994|12|13}}
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white" |
|-align=center style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |(6)
| rowspan="2" |[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rishang Keishing]]
| rowspan="2" |Phungyar
| rowspan="2" |14 December 1994
| rowspan="2" |15 December 1997
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1994|12|14|1997|12|15}} (9 years, 351 days)
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |7th
([[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995 election]])
|-align=center style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh]]
| rowspan="2" |Wangoi
| rowspan="2" |16 December 1997
| rowspan="2" |14 February 2001
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1997|12|16|2001|2|14}}
|- align="center" style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" |8th
([[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2000 election]])
| [[Manipur State Congress Party]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: maroon" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 10
|[[File:No_image_available.svg|75x75px]]
| [[Radhabinod Koijam]]
| Thangmeiband
| 15 February 2001
| 1 June 2001
|{{ayd|2001|2|15|2001|6|1}}
| [[Samata Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: green" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem_of_India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| N/A
| 2 June 2001
| 6 March 2002
|{{ayd|2001|6|2|2002|3|6}}
|
| N/A
|width="4px" style="background-color: white"|
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
|rowspan=3| 11
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Okram Ibobi Singh.JPG|110x110px]]
|rowspan=3| [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
|rowspan=3| Thoubal
| 7 March 2002
| 1 March 2007
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|2002|3|2|2017|03|13}}
|9th
([[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2002 election]])
|rowspan=3| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=3 width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 2 March 2007
| 5 March 2012
|10th
([[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007 election]])
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 6 March 2012
| 14 March 2017
|11th
([[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012 election]])
|-align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 12
|[[File:N. Biren Singh.jpg|100x100px]]
| [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| Heingang
| 15 March 2017
| ''Incumbent''
|{{ayd|2017|03|15}}
|12th
([[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017 election]])
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|}

==Timeline==
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:15
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:200 left:20
AlignBars = late

Colors =

id:inc value:rgb(0,0.748,1) legend: INC
id:muf value:rgb(1,1,0) legend: MUF
id:mpp value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.6) legend: MPP
id:mhu value:rgb(0.251,0,0.502) legend: MHU
id:jan value:rgb(0.121,0.457,0.996) legend: JP
id:msc value:rgb(0.5,0,0) legend: MSCP
id:sam value:rgb(0.988,0.678,0.012) legend: SP
id:bjp value:rgb(1,0.6,0.2) legend: BJP
id:gray1 value:gray(0.8)
id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)

Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1963 till:$today
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1963
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1963

Legend = columns:4 left:150 top:24 columnwidth:150

TextData =
pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
text: Political Party

BarData =
bar:MKSingh
bar:LTSingh
bar:Alimuddin
bar:Shaiza
bar:RDSingh
bar:Keishing
bar:RJSingh
bar:RRSingh
bar:WNSingh
bar:Koijam
bar:OISingh
bar:NBSingh

PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:MKSingh
from: 01/07/1963 till: 11/01/1967 color:inc
from: 20/03/1967 till: 04/10/1967 color:inc
from: 19/02/1968 till: 16/10/1969 color:inc text:"[[Mairembam Koireng Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:LTSingh
from: 13/10/1967 till: 24/10/1967 color:muf text:"[[Longjam Thambou Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:Alimuddin
from: 23/03/1972 till: 27/03/1973 color:mpp
from: 04/03/1974 till: 09/07/1974 color:mpp text:"[[Mohammed Alimuddin]]" fontsize:10
bar:Shaiza
from: 10/07/1974 till: 05/12/1974 color:mhu
from: 29/06/1977 till: 13/11/1979 color:jan text:"[[Yangmaso Shaiza]]" fontsize:10
bar:RDSingh
from: 06/12/1974 till: 15/05/1977 color:inc
from: 14/01/1980 till: 26/11/1980 color:inc
from: 08/04/1992 till: 10/04/1993 color:inc text:"[[Rajkumar Dorendra Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:Keishing
from: 27/11/1980 till: 27/02/1981 color:inc
from: 19/06/1981 till: 03/03/1988 color:inc
from: 14/12/1994 till: 15/12/1997 color:inc text:"[[Rishang Keishing]]" fontsize:10
bar:RJSingh
from: 04/03/1988 till: 22/02/1990 color:inc text:"[[Rajkumar Jaichandra Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:RRSingh
from: 23/02/1990 till: 06/01/1992 color:mpp text:"[[Rajkumar Ranbir Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:WNSingh
from: 16/12/1997 till: 14/02/2001 color:msc text:"[[Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:Koijam
from: 15/02/2001 till: 01/06/2001 color:sam text:"[[Radhabinod Koijam]]" fontsize:10
bar:OISingh
from: 07/03/2002 till: 14/03/2017 color:inc text:"[[Okram Ibobi Singh]]" fontsize:10
bar:NBSingh
from: 15/03/2017 till: $today color:bjp text:"[[N. Biren Singh]]" fontsize:10

}}

==Notes==
;Footnotes
{{notelist}}

;References
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*

{{Chief_Ministers_of_Indian_States}}

[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states|Manipur]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Manipur| ]]
[[Category:Manipur-related lists|Chief Ministers]]

Jyotipriya Mallick

2022-01-06T17:11:36Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{short description|Indian Politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jyotipriya Mallick
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 26 May 1958 <ref name="Details submitted to CEO, WB in 2011">{{cite web |title=Details submitted to CEO, WB in 2011 |url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/UploadFiles/Election/WBLA/2011/affidavits_2011/100/Jyotipriya%20Mallick.pdf}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| office = [[Government of West Bengal|Cabinet Minister, Government of West Bengal]]
| term_start = 10 May 2021
| governor = [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| 2blankname = Department
| 2namedata =
* [[Department of Forest Affairs (West Bengal)|Forest Affairs]]
* Non-Conventional and Renewable Energy
| predecessor = [[Rajib Banerjee]] (''Forest Affairs'') [[Subrata Mukherjee]] (''Non-Conventional and Renewable Energy'')
| residence = [[Kolkata]]
| death_place =
| 2blankname1 = Department
| 2namedata1 =* Food & Supplies
| term_start1 = May 20, 2011
| term_end1 = May 10, 2021
| constituency =
| successor1 = [[Rathin Ghosh]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| office2 = Member of West Bengal Legislative Assembly
| term_start2 = May 13, 2011
| term_end2 =
| constituency2 = [[Habra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habra]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| governor1 = [[M. K. Narayanan]] [[D.Y. Patil]] [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]] [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| office3 =
| term_start3 = 2001
| term_end3 = May 2011
| constituency3 = [[Gaighata (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gaighata]]
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| spouse =
| college =
| children =
| alma_mater = B.Sc, LLB
| faculty =
| website =
| source =
}}

'''Jyotipriya Mallick''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the present [[Department of Forest Affairs (West Bengal)|Minister for Department of Forest Affairs]] and Non-Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=West Bengal Minister List 2021: Check full list of 43 cabinet ministers and their portfolios|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/west-bengal-minister-list-2021-check-full-list-of-43-cabinet-ministers-and-their-portfolios/2249210/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> in the [[Government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=উত্তর ২৪ পরগনা ৩৩-০ হয়ে যাবে! প্রার্থী হয়েই ভোটের ফল নিয়ে চ্যালেঞ্জ জ্যোতিপ্রিয়র|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/bengal/jyotipriya-mallick-states-his-prediction-of-wb-assembly-election-2021/}}</ref> He previously served as the Minister for Food & Supplies in the [[Government of West Bengal]]. He is also an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], elected from the [[Habra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Habra]] constituency in the [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=হাবড়া বিধানসভা কেন্দ্র ২০২১ : ভোটের প্রার্থী, ফলাফল|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021/habra-assembly-seat-constituency-candidates-profile-of-bjp-rahul-sinha-tmc-jyotipriya-mallick-congress-cpim-rijinandan-biswas-31619033939919.html}}</ref> In [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]] assembly election he was re-elected from the same constituency.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525085921/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mamata-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers/153060-37.html Mamata allots portfolios, keeps key ministries]</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/All+the+didi's+men/1/43364.html All the Didi's men]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&action=e&windowstate=normal&in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&mode=view|title=Ministers in Mamata's Cabinet|access-date=22 May 2011|publisher=[[Government of West Bengal]]|date=21 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005213008/http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&action=e&windowstate=normal&in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&mode=view|archive-date=5 October 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallick, Jyotipriya}}
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

List of chief ministers of Puducherry

2022-01-05T12:31:58Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox political post
| border = parliamentary
| minister = not_prime
| post = [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]]
| body = [[Union Territory of Puducherry]]
| native_name =
| insignia = Seal_of_Puducherry.svg
| insigniasize = 85px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Puducherry]]
| image = N Rangaswamy.jpg
| caption =
| incumbent = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|5|7}}
| appointer = [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]
| appointer_qualified = by [[Convention (norm)#Government|convention]], based on appointee's ability to [[Parliamentary system|command confidence]] in the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| inaugural = [[Edouard Goubert]] {{small|(1963–64)}}
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|br=y|1963|07|01}}
| style = [[The Honourable]] {{small|(formal)}} [[Mister|Mr. Chief Minister]] {{small|(informal)}}
| member_of = {{Hlist|[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]|[[Council of Ministers]]}}
| reportsto = {{Hlist|[[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]|[[Government of India]]}}
| seat = [[Government of Puducherry|Chief Secretariat Government of Puducherry]], White Town, [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] - 605001
| abbreviation = CM
| status = [[Head of Government]]
| department = [[Government of Puducherry|Chief Minister's Office]]
| deputy =
| residence =
| termlength_qualified =
| termlength = 5 years, unless dissolved sooner. No term limits specified.<ref name="term1">[[Durga Das Basu]]. ''Introduction to the Constitution of India''. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. {{ISBN|978-81-8038-559-9}}. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Odisha as well.</ref>
}}
The '''Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Puducherry''' is the [[head of government|Chief Minister]] of the [[India]]n union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. He is elected by the people of the union territory, appointed by the [[President of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Kanoon.org |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1002680/ |access-date=2 January 2021}}</ref> and sworn-in by the [[Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry]]. The longest serving chief minister and current incumbent of Puducherry is [[N. Rangasamy]] of over 12 years period from 2001 to 2008 (Indian National Congress) and from 2011 to 2016 (All India N.R. Congress) and from 2021

The [[Pondicherry Representative Assembly]] was converted into the '''[[Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry]]''' on 1 July 1963 as per Section 54(3) of '''The Union Territories Act, 1963'''<ref name="1963Act">{{cite web|url=https://rajnivas.py.gov.in/rti/governmentunionterritoriesact1963.pdf|title=The Government of Union Territories Act, 1963|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> and its members (who got elected in [[1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election|1959]]) were deemed to have been elected to the Legislative Assembly. The elections for the Puducherry Vidhan Sabha held since 1964.<ref name="ref2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFqbAAAAMAAJ|title=Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature|work=G. C. Malhotra|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|year=2004|isbn=9788120004009}}</ref>{{rp|966}}

==Chief Ministers of Puducherry==
'''Color keys of Chief Minister's Party'''
{{legend|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#FFC000|[[All India N.R. Congress]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|White|N/A ([[President's rule]])|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
! scope="col" | S. No.
! Portrait
! Name
! [[List of constituencies of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
!colspan=3| Term
![[Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]
([[Elections in Puducherry|election]])
!colspan=2| Party{{efn|name=party|This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 1
| [[File:Edouard_Goubert.jpg|104x104px]]
| [[Édouard Goubert]]
| [[Mannadipet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Mannadipet]]
| 1 July 1963
| 24 August 1964
| {{age in years and days|1963|7|1|1964|8|24}}
|Interim Assembly
([[1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election|1959 election]])
|rowspan=4| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=4 width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 2
| [[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|75px]]
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
|[[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapacom]]
| 11 September 1964
| 9 April 1967
| {{age in years and days|1964|8|24|1967|4|9}}
| rowspan="3" |1st Assembly
([[1964 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election|1964 election]])
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 3
|[[File:MOH_Farook.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]
|[[Karaikal North (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal North]]
| 9 April 1967
| 6 March 1968
| {{age in years and days|1967|4|9|1968|3|6}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (2)
| [[File:V Venkatasubha Reddiar 2011 stamp of India.jpg|75px]]
| [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
| [[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapacom]]
| 6 March 1968
| 18 September 1968
| {{age in years and days|1968|3|6|1968|9|18}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|When [[President's rule]] is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.co.in/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005.</ref>}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 18 September 1968
| 17 March 1969
| {{age in years and days|1968|9|18|1969|3|17}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
|[[File:MOH_Farook.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]
| [[Kalapet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Calapeth]]
| 17 March 1969
| 3 January 1974
| {{age in years and days|1969|3|17|1974|1|3}}
|2nd Assembly
(1969 election)
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 3 January 1974
| 6 March 1974
| {{age in years and days|1974|1|3|1974|3|6}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 4
|[[File:Subramanyan_Ramaswamy.jpg|96x96px]]
| [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]
| [[Karaikal South (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal South]]
| 6 March 1974
| 28 March 1974
| {{age in years and days|1974|3|6|1974|3|28}}
|3rd Assembly
(1974 election)
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 28 March 1974
| 2 July 1977
| {{age in years and days|1974|3|28|1977|7|2}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (4)
||[[File:Subramanyan_Ramaswamy.jpg|96x96px]]
| [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]
|[[Karaikal South (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Karaikal South]]
| 2 July 1977
| 12 November 1978
| {{age in years and days|1977|7|2|1978|11|12}}
|4th Assembly
(1977 election)
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 12 November 1978
| 16 January 1980
| {{age in years and days|1978|11|12|1980|1|16}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 5
|[[File:MDR_RAMACHANDIRAN.jpg|108x108px]]
| [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
|[[Mannadipet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Mannadipet]]
| 16 January 1980
| 24 June 1983
| {{age in years and days|1980|1|16|1983|6|24}}
|5th Assembly
(1980 election)
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 24 June 1983
| 16 March 1985
| {{age in years and days|1983|6|24|1985|3|16}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
|[[File:MOH_Farook.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[M. O. H. Farook]]
|[[Lawspet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Lawspet]]
| 16 March 1985
| 4 March 1990
| {{age in years and days|1985|3|16|1990|3|4}}
|6th Assembly
(1985 election)
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (5)
|[[File:MDR_RAMACHANDIRAN.jpg|108x108px]]
| [[M. D. R. Ramachandran]]
|[[Mannadipet (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Mannadipet]]
| 8 March 1990
| 3 March 1991
| {{age in years and days|1990|3|4|1991|3|3}}
|7th Assembly
(1990 election)
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 3 March 1991
| 4 July 1991
| {{age in years and days|1991|3|3|1991|7|4}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 6
| [[File:Vaithilingam.jpg|75px]]
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]
|[[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapakkam]]
| 4 July 1991
| 13 May 1996
| {{age in years and days|1991|7|4|1996|5|13}}
|8th Assembly
(1991 election)
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 7
|[[File:R.V._Janakiraman.jpg|75x75px]]
| [[R. V. Janakiraman]]
|[[Nellithope (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nellithope]]
| 26 May 1996
| 21 March 2000
| {{age in years and days|1996|5|13|2000|3|21}}
| rowspan="2" |9th Assembly
(1996 election)
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
|rowspan=2| 8
| rowspan="2" |[[File:P_Shanmugam.jpg|75x75px]]
|rowspan=2| [[P. Shanmugam]]
|rowspan=2| [[Yanam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Yanam]]
| 22 March 2000
| 15 May 2001
| {{age in years and days|2000|3|21|2001|5|15}}
|rowspan=5| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=5 width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 24 May 2001
| 26 October 2001
| {{age in years and days|2001|5|15|2001|10|26}}
| rowspan="2" |10th Assembly
(2001 election)
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
|rowspan=2| 9
| rowspan="2" | [[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|75px]]
|rowspan=2| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
|rowspan=2| [[Thattanchavady (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Thattanchavady]]
| 27 October 2001
| 12 May 2006
| rowspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2001|10|27|2008|9|4}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 13 May 2006
| 4 September 2008
| rowspan="2" |11th Assembly
(2006 election)
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (6)
| [[File:Vaithilingam.jpg|75px]]
| [[V. Vaithilingam]]
|[[Nettapakkam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nettapakkam]]
| 4 September 2008
| 16 May 2011
|{{age in years and days|2008|9|4|2011|5|16}}
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (9)
| [[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|75px]]
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| [[Kadirkamam (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Kadirkamam]]
| 16 May 2011
| 6 June 2016
| {{age in years and days|2011|5|17|2016|6|6}}
|12th Assembly
([[2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2011 election]])
| [[All India N.R. Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: #FFC000" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| 10
| [[File:VNarayanasamy.jpg|75px]]
| [[V. Narayanasamy]]
| [[Nellithope (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Nellithope]]
| 6 June 2016
| 22 February 2021
| {{age in years and days|2016|6|6|2021|2|22}}
|13th Assembly
([[2016 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2016 election]])
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|width=4px style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| –
|[[File:Emblem of India.svg|122x122px]]
| ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} {{small|([[President's rule]])}}
| N/A
| 23 February 2021
| 7 May 2021
| {{age in years and days|2021|2|23|2021|5|7}}
|
| N/A
|width=4px style="background-color: white" |
|- align=center style="height: 60px;"
| (9)
| [[File:N Rangaswamy.jpg|75px]]
| [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| [[Thattanchavady (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Thattanchavady]]
| 7 May 2021
| ''Incumbent''
| {{age in years and days|2021|05|07}}
|14th Assembly
([[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|2021 election]])
| [[All India N.R. Congress]]

|width=4px style="background-color: #FFC000" |
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of speakers of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry]]
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Pondicherry Representative Assembly]]

==Notes==
;Footnotes
{{notelist}}

;References
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry]]

{{Current Indian chief ministers}}
{{Chief ministers of Puducherry}}

[[Category:Chief ministers of Puducherry| ]]
[[Category:Lists of chief ministers of Indian states|Puducherry]]
[[Category:Puducherry-related lists|Chief Ministers]]

M. O. H. Farook

2022-01-05T12:29:50Z

2409:4071:248A:6DDF:0:0:6FB:8B0:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M.O.H Farook
| image = MOH Farook.jpg
| imagesize =
| predecessor5 = S. Arumugam
| party = [[Indian National Congress]], [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| order5 = Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pondicherry]]
| predecessor6 = [[P. Shanmugam]]
| successor6 = S. Arumugam
| successor5 = [[M. Ramadass]]
| birth_date = 6 September 1937
| birth_place = [[Pondicherry]], [[French India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2012|1|26|1937|9|6}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| nationality =
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-suffix =
| term_start6 = 1991
| term_end6 = 1998
| term_start5 = 1999
| term_end5 = 2004
| term_start4 = 9 April 1967
| term_end4 = 6 March 1968
| lieutenant_governor4 = [[S. L. Silam]], [[B. D. Jatti]]
| predecessor4 = [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
| successor4 = V. Venkatasubha Reddiar
| term_start3 = 17 March 1969
| term_end3 = 3 January 1974
| lieutenant_governor3 = B. D. Jatti, [[Chhedilal]]
| predecessor3 = President's rule
| successor3 = [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]
| order2 = 3rd
| office2 = Chief Minister of Puducherry
| term_start2 = 16 March 1985
| term_end2 = 19 January 1989
| lieutenant_governor2 = Tribhuvan Prasad Tiwary, [[Ranjit Singh Dyal]]
| predecessor2 = [[President's rule]]
| successor2 = President's rule
| order1 = 6th
| office1 = Governor of Jharkhand
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Shibu Soren]] [[Arjun Munda]]
| term_start1 = 22 January 2010
| term_end1 = 4 September 2011<ref name=timesofinida>{{cite news|title=New governor to take oath today |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-04/ranchi/30112614_1_oath-today-new-governor-jharkhand |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001033/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-04/ranchi/30112614_1_oath-today-new-governor-jharkhand |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2011-09-04|accessdate=2011-09-08}}</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]
| successor1 = [[Syed Ahmed (politician)|Syed Ahmed]]
| order = 18th
| office = Governor of Kerala
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Oommen Chandy]]
| term_start = 8 September 2011
| term_end = 26 January 2012
| successor = [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]
| predecessor = [[Ramkrishnan Suryabhan Gavai|R. S. Gavai]]
| blank1 = Religion
| data1 = [[Islam]]
}}

'''M. O. Hasan Farook Maricar''' (6 September 1937 – 26 January 2012) was a three-time [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Pondicherry]]. He was the youngest chief minister of any Union Territory of India. He served from 9 April 1967 to 6 March 1968 and 17 March 1969 to 3 January 1974 and from 1985 to 1990 <ref name="worldstatesmen">{{cite web|title=States of India since 1947 – Pondicherry (Puducherry)|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_states.html#Puducherry}}</ref> He was thrice elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pondicherry]] in 1991, 1996 and 1999 and served as a Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation and Tourism during June 1991 – December 1992. He participated in the struggle for liberation of Pondicherry as a student, during 1953–54 when Pondicherry was a [[France|French]] colony and served as a Member of the Central Haj Committee in [[Mumbai]] from 1975 to 2000.<ref name=
"cgi">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100105034813/http://www.cgijeddah.com/cgijed/farooq-cv.htm Farooq], Cgi Jeddah</ref> He was appointed as the Indian Ambassador to [[Saudi Arabia]] in September 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.org.sa/Ambassadors.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-01-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417225633/http://www.indianembassy.org.sa/Ambassadors.html |archivedate=17 April 2010 }}</ref>

Farook was appointed as [[Governor of Jharkhand]] in 2010<ref name="red">[http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/jan/16/narayanan-is-bengal-guv-patil-gets-punjab.htm Governor of Jharkhand], Rediff 16 January 2010</ref> and [[List of Governors of Kerala|of Kerala]] in 2011.<ref name="asianet">[http://www.asianetindia.com/news/moh-farooq-kerala-governor_289974.html M.O.H Farooq to be new Kerala Governor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102132038/http://www.asianetindia.com/news/moh-farooq-kerala-governor_289974.html |date=2 November 2011 }}, Asianet India 25 August 2011</ref><ref name=timesofinida2>{{cite news|title=K Rosaiah, Ram Naresh Yadav named governors |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-27/india/29935590_1_jharkhand-governor-k-rosaiah-prabha-rau|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001223/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-27/india/29935590_1_jharkhand-governor-k-rosaiah-prabha-rau|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-26|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2011-08-27|accessdate=2011-09-08}}</ref>

He died in office on 26 January 2012 at 9:10 pm at [[Apollo Hospital]] in [[Chennai]], due to [[multiple myeloma]] and kidney related ailments. He was 74 years old at the time of his death. He was the second governor who died in office, after [[Sikander Bakht]], and is the shortest-served governor of Kerala.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Governor MOH Farook dies in Chennai|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/NAT-TOP-kerala-governor-moh-farook-dies-in-chennai-2792883.html|accessdate=26 January 2012|newspaper=Daily Bhaskar|date=26 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=121|title=Thirteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile – SHRI M.O.H. Farook|publisher=Lok Sabha website|accessdate=20 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703132641/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=121|archive-date=3 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was hospitalised for more than a month, and his condition deteriorated in the days preceding his death. As he was near death, additional charge was given to the then [[Governor of Karnataka|Karnataka Governor]] [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]. In his absence, the flag hoisting ceremony of [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day of India]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] was conducted by the then [[Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[Oommen Chandy]]. He was buried with full state honours at Puducherry Juma Masjid.

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
|before = [[V. Venkatasubha Reddiar]]
|title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Puducherry|Chief Minister of Pondicherry]]
|years = 9 April 1967 – 6 March 1968
|after = V. Venkatasubha Reddiar
}}
{{succession box
|before = President's rule
|title = Chief Minister of Pondicherry
|years = 17 March 1969 – 3 January 1974
|after = [[Subramanyan Ramaswamy]]
}}
{{succession box
|before = President's rule
|title = Chief Minister of Pondicherry
|years = 16 March 1985 – 19 January 1989
|after = President's rule
}}
{{succession box
|before = [[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]
|title = [[Governor of Jharkhand]]
|years = 22 January 2010 – 4 September 2011
|after = Syed Ahmed
}}
{{succession box
|before = [[R.S. Gavai]]
|title = [[Governor of Kerala]]
|years = 8 September 2011 – 26 January 2012
|after = [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]
}}

{{s-end}}

{{Chief ministers of Puducherry}}
{{Governors of Jharkhand}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Farook, M. O. H.}}
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from multiple myeloma]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Puducherry]]
[[Category:Governors of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Governors of Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Karaikal district]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Puducherry]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Puducherry]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]