Sangolli Rayanna

2021-09-04T06:09:23Z

2409:4071:2096:FC0B:0:0:1030:88A5: Jai kannada

{{for|the films|Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kranthiveera Sangolli Rayanna}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sangolli Rayanna
| title = Krantiveera
| image = SangolliRayannaPic.jpg
| alt = Artistic representation of Sangolli Rayanna
| birth_name = Rayanna
| birth_date = {{Birth-date|15 August 1796}}
| birth_place = [[Sangolli]],TQ: Bailhongal (Sampagavi) Dist: [[Belgaum ]]
| death_date = {{Death-date and age|26 January 1831|15 August 1796}}
| death_place = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum]]
| burial_place = Nandagad,TQ: Khanapur (Beedi) Dist:[[Belgaum ]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names = Rayanna Bharamappa Rogannavar
| occupation = Kittur Military Shetsanadi
}}

'''Sangolli Rayanna''' (15 August 1796 – 26 January 1831){{citation needed|reason=These dates look made up. They respectively fall on Independence day and republic day of India|date=February 2016}} was an Indian military Shetsanadi (Sainik) and [[warrior]] in the Kittur princely state of the [[Karnataka]]. He was the Shetsanadi of the [[monarchy|Kingdom]] of [[Kittur]] ruled at the time by [[Kittur Chennamma|Rani Chennamma]] and fought the [[British East India Company]] till his death. His life was the subject of the 2012 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Sangolli Rayanna]]''.Sangolli Rayanna, the 18th century warrior and freedom fighter of the [[Kuruba|valmiki]] community

== Activities ==

Sangolli Rayanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who released him later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna and the rise of caste heroes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2016/dec/06/sangolli-rayanna-and-the-rise-of-caste-heroes-1546119.html|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> He continued to fight the [[British India|British]] and wanted to install the adopted son of King Mallasarja and Rani Chennamma, namely Shivalingappa as the ruler of Kittur.<ref name="congress">{{cite book|last=Gopalakrishnan(Editor)|first=Subramanian|title=The South Indian rebellions: before and after 1800|year=2007|publisher=Palaniappa Brothers|location=Chennai|isbn=9788183795005|pages=103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i81mLhBEBgQC&pg=PA103 |edition=1st|author2=Gopalakrishnan, edited by S. }}</ref> He mobilised local people and started a guerilla type war against the British.<ref name="congress" /> He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries.<ref name="congress" /> Most of his land was confiscated and what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the masses. The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was caught in April 1830 and tied up by the British; and sentenced to death.<ref name="congress" /> Shivalingappa, the boy who was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.<ref name="congress" />

Rayanna was executed by hanging from a Banyan tree about 4 kilometers from Nandagad in Belagavi district on 26 January 1831.<ref name=herald>{{cite news|last=R P|first=Sambasadashiva Reddy|title=Miscellany|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100063/ipl-2012.html|access-date=5 November 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald, Bangalore}}</ref>

Rayanna was helped by Gajaveera, a [[Siddi]] warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–30.<ref name=shanti>{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Shanti Sadiq|title=The African dispersal in the Deccan : from medieval to modern times|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788125004851|pages=232|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PA232 }}</ref>

Rayanna was buried near Nandagad. Legend says that a close associate Sangolli Bichugatti Channabasappa of Rayanna planted a banyan sapling on his grave. The tree is fully grown and stands to this day. An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangolli Rayanna was constructed at Sangolli village, in which stands a statue of Rayanna flanked by two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those were used by Rayanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of Rayanna at Sangolli serves the villagers of Sangolli.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Karnataka Government recently established Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna authority its work progress of Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna Sainik school,"Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna rock garden and in "Veerabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna museum.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Pramoda |title=ಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗದ ಸಂಗೊಳ್ಳಿ ರಾಯಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/the-incomplete-sangolli-rayanna-authority/articleshow/65325923.cms |access-date=28 August 2020 |publisher=Vijaya Karnataka |date=9 August 2018}}</ref>

==In popular culture==

===Ballads and other memorials===
[[File:Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna 1.jpg|thumb|left|Statue of Sangolli Rayanna at Bengaluru Karnataka]]
The Gee Gee songs ([[Ballad]]) are heroic folklore verses composed in North Karnataka<ref name="gee gee song">{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=We've come for your vote…|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412044913/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/08/stories/2009040860390300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2009|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 April 2008}}</ref> and several such songs are sung about Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and other figures of pre-independence Karnataka.<ref name=datta>{{cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh (Ed.)|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti, Volume 2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Dehi|isbn=9788126011940|pages=1293|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1293 }}</ref> A life size bronze statue of Sangolli Rayanna, riding a horse with open sword in right hand, was installed near Railway station of [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sangolli Rayanna statue unveiled in City, at last|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/100505/sangolli-rayanna-statue-unveiled-city.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Herald, Newspaper|date=28 September 2010}}</ref> The main railway station of Bengaluru City has been renamed as "Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna Railway station" in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru railway station to be named after Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/474962/bengaluru-railway-station-named-sangolli.html|access-date=17 September 2015|publisher=Deccan Harald, Newspaper|date=1 May 2015}}</ref> However the station officially re named and notified as "Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna" Railway Station on 03-02-2016<ref>http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=7096&did=145449704189594354ECD102CEC97451280C24522002C.web91</ref>

===Film===
In 2012, a film was produced on his life history.<ref name=film/> was the subject of another Kannada-language motion picture [[Sangolli Rayanna (film)|Kraanthiveera Sangolli Rayanna]] (Legendary Warrior Sangolli Rayanna), directed by Naganna and starring [[Darshan Thoogudeep]], [[Jayaprada]] and [[Nikita Thukral]].<ref name=film>{{cite news|last=Khajane|first=Muralidhara|title=Rajyotsava release for Sangolli Rayanna|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/rajyotsava-release-for-sangolli-rayanna/article4048238.ece|access-date=30 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 October 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Sangolli Rayanna.jpg|thumb|Place where Sangolli Rayanna was hanged by the British army]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.webindia123.com/karnataka/ART/music4.htm Ballad]

{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rayanna, Sangolli}}
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka]]
[[Category:1798 births]]
[[Category:1831 deaths]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Karnataka]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Belagavi district]]

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Sangolli Rayanna