Mudra (music)

2021-08-03T20:16:24Z

2409:4071:2090:E090:4C03:714B:8610:5BBD: /* Carnatic Musicians */

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
A '''mudra''' ({{IAST3|Mudrā}}; [[Sanskrit]] for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in [[Indian classical music]], particularly [[Carnatic music]], that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the [[raga]], [[Tala (music)|tala]], or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wade |first1=Bonnie C. |title=Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition |date=1984 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=20}}</ref> Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.<ref name="OEMI">{{cite book |title=Mudrā, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195650983 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/abstract/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-3296 |accessdate=25 September 2018 |language=en |url-access=subscription |year=2011 }}</ref><ref name="karnatik">{{cite web |title=Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M |url=https://karnatik.com/glossm.shtml |website=karnatik.com |accessdate=25 September 2018}}</ref>

==Etymology==
A [[mudra]] is a [[pen name]], ''nom de plume'', or [[pseudonym]] adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

All most every time, the penname is inserted in the wordings of the composition or poem in a artistically meaningfull way.

==List of Mudras used by Musicians==
{{Dynamic list}}
===Hindustani Musicians===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|+
|-
! style="width:200px;" | Mudra || style="width:200px;" | Musician || style="width:300px;" | Translation || Details
|-
|-
|[[Adarang|Adārang]] () || Firoz Khān of Delhi || || 18th-century [[dhrupad|dhrupadiya]](dhrupad vocalisy) in [[Mohammed Shah II|Rangile's]] Court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=138|title=Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>
|-
| Ālam || Ālamara Begum Khāsmahal || ||
|-
| Ahmed-piyā ||[[Alladiya Khan]]|| || Founder of [[Jaipur-Atrauli gharana]].
|-
| Akhtar-piyā ||[[Wajid Ali Shah]]|| ||
|-
| Amar, Amar-piyā ||[[Aman Ali Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Amardās, Amar-piyā || Navrang Nagpurkar || ||
|-
| Anang-rang || Acharya Brihaspati || ||
|-
| Bhāv-rang ||[[Balwantrai Bhatt]]|| ||
|-
| Bindā ||[[Bindadin Maharaj]]|| ||
|-
| Chakra-piyā ||[[Chakradhar Singh]]|| ||
|-
| Chānd-piyā ||[[Chand Khan]]|| || Delhi Gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/shree/|title=Raga Shree: Close Encounters}}</ref>
|-
| Chatur, Chatur Pandit ||[[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]]|| ||
|-
| Chit-Ānand ||[[Chidanand Nagarkar]]|| "Elated consciousness." || Agra Gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/malkauns/|title=Short Takes: Malkauns}}</ref>
|-
| Daras-piyā || Mehboob Khān of Agra || || Agra Gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ramprapanna.blogspot.com/2018/08/pen-names-of-great-composers-of.html|title=My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music|first=Ramprapanna|last=Bhattacharya|date=31 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Daras-piyā || Shafi Ahmed Khān of Atrauli || || Atrauli Gharana.<ref>https://dilrangacademy.org/down-memory-lane/</ref>
|-
| Darpan ||[[Yunus Hussain Khan]]|| "Mirror." ||
|-
|Deva-rang
|Daibashish Gangopadhyay
|"Divine colors and effulgence"
|Musician, Composer, Music director
|-
| Dhyān-rang-piyā ||[[Mani Prasad]]|| ||
|-
| Dil-rang ||[[Azmat Hussain Khan]]|| "Colors of the World." ||
|-
| Din-rang ||[[Dinkar Kaikini]]|| "Colors of the Day." ||
|-
| Gauhar, Gauharpyari ||[[Gauharjan]]|| ||
|-
| Guna-piyā ||[[Chhota Gandharva]]|| "Lover of Qualities." ||
|-
| Guna-rang<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dhar |first1=Sheila |title=Raga'n Josh: Stories from a Musical Life |date=2005 |publisher=Permanent Black |isbn=9788178241173 |page=236}}</ref> ||[[Fayyaz Ahmad Khan]]|| "Colors of Qualities." ||
|-
| Guni-dās ||[[Jagganathbuwa Purohit]]|| "Servant of Qualities." ||
|-
| Guni-jān ||[[CR Vyas]]|| ||
|-
| Gyān-rang || Aarshin Karande || ||
|-
| Hara-rang ||[[Muhammad Ali Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Hara-rang ||[[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]]|| || Musicologist.
|-
| Hinga-rang || Hussain Ali Khan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/The-Bandish-divide/articleshow/9221751.cms|title=The Bandish divide - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>|| ||
|-
| Ināyat, Ināyat-piyā ||[[Inayat Hussain Khan]]|| "Lover of [[Inayat]]." ||
|-
| Jas ||[[Jasraj|Pandit Jasraj]]|| "Glory." ||
|-
| Jyoti-rang ||[[Rajaram Shukla]]|| ||
|-
| Kharaharapriya-dās<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rasikas.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=8942|title=HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org}}</ref>||[[Bholanath Bhatt]]|| ||
|-
| Khush-rang ||[[Aslam Hussain Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Krishna-dās ||[[Master Krishnarao]]|| ||
|-
| Lalan-piyā ||[[Nandalal Sharma]]|| ||
|-
| Lāl-rang ||[[Chaman Lal Varma]]|| ||
|-
| Madhur-piyā || [[Gokulotsavji Maharaj]] || ||
|-
| Manhar ||[[Murli Manohar Shukla]]|| ||
|-
| Manhar-piyā ||[[Prem Prakash Johri]]|| ||
|-
| Mana-rang ||[[Bhupat Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Mana-rang ||[[Mahawat Khan]] of Jaipur || ||
|-
| Manapiya ||[[Pamalka Karunanayake]] of Sri Lanka || ||
|-
| Nād-piyā ||[[V R Athavale]]|| "Lover of [[naad]]." || Agra Gharana.
|-
| Nād-rang ||[[Sandeep Ranade]]|| "Colors of [[naad]]." ||
|-
| Nāth-piyā ||[[Vilayat Khan]]|| || Sitarist. [[Enayet Khan|Enayet Khan's]] Rajput name was "Nath Singh."
|-
| Prān-piyā ||[[Vilayat Hussain Khan]]|| || Agra Gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kanada-page3/|title=The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)}}</ref>
|-
| Pranav-rang ||[[Omkarnath Thakur]]|| "Colors of [[Om]]." ||
|-
| Prem-piyā ||[[Faiyaz Khan]]|| "Lover of Affect." ||
|-
| Prem-rang ||[[Sharafat Hussain Khan]]|| "Colors of Affect." ||
|-
| Prem-dās ||[[Latafat Hussain Khan]]|| "Servant of Affect." ||
|-
| Prem-rang ||[[Ratnakar Ramnathkar]]|| "Colors of Affect." ||
|-
| Qadar-piyā ||[[Mirza Bala Qadar]] of Rampur || || Thumri composer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wmcinfo.blogspot.com/2012/07/thumri.html|title=Classical Music: Thumri|first=Classical|last=Music|date=15 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
| Rām-dās ||[[Zahoor Khan]]|| || Khurja Gharana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/variants-bihag/|title=Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo}}</ref>
|-
| Rām-rang ||[[Ramashrey Jha]]|| ||
|-
| Rangile ||[[Ramzan Khan]]|| || Agra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=501|title=Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>
|-
| Rasa-dās ||[[Arun Kashalkar]]|| ||
|-
| Rasa-piyā ||[[Babanrao Haldankar]]|| ||
|-
| Rasa-rang ||[[Ustad Bade Inayat Hussain Khan|Bade Inayat Hussain Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Rasik-rang ||[[Ashok Ranade]]|| || Musicologist<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=267|title=Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>
|-
| Rasik-rang ||[[Deepak Chatterjee]]|| ||
|-
| Razā-piya ||[[Raza Ali Khan]]|| || Nawab.<ref>{{cite book |first=Sangeet Natak |last=Akademi |title=Sangeet Natak |date=2006 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |page=21 |edition=Volume 40}}</ref>
|-
| Saba-rang ||[[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]]|| || Patiala Gharana.
|-
| Sab-ras || Ghulam Maulvi Khan || || Patiala Gharana.
|-
|[[Sadarang|Sadā-rang]] () || Niyamat Khān of Delhi || || Descendant of Tansen. 18th-century [[dhrupad|dhrupadiya]] in [[Mohammed Shah II|Rangile's]] Court.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=144|title=Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>
|-
| Sagun-piyā ||[[Yashpal]]|| ||
|-
| Sajan-piyā ||[[Khadim Hussain Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Sanada-piyā || Tawakkul Husain Khan of Rampur || || Thumri composer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/a-maestro-and-a-master/article5300798.ece|title=A maestro and a master|first=Kuldeep|last=Kumar|date=31 October 2013|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| Sarasa-piyā ||[[Kale Khan]]|| || Father of [[Abdul Karim Khan]] of [[Kirana Gharana]].
|-
| Sarasa-rang ||[[Dayam Khan Nauhar]]|| ||
|-
| Shām-rang ||[[Qayam Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Shok-rang, Shok ||[[Kumar Gandharva]]|| ||
|-
| Shori, Shori Miyān ||[[Miyan Ghulam Nabi Shori]]|| ||
|-
| Shubh-rang ||[[Shubhada Paradkar]]|| ||
|-
| Shyām-rang ||[[Jitendra Abhisheki]]|| ||
|-
| Subh-rang ||[[Shankarlal Mishra]]|| ||
|-
| Sughar-piyā ||[[Bhaiya Ganpatrao]]|| ||
|-
| Sujan-piyā ||[[S N Ratanjankar]]|| ||
|-
| Sur-rang ||[[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]|| ||
|-
| Tan-rang ||[[Vishwanath Rao Ringe]]|| ||
|-
| Vyakul || Vyakul of Ayodhya || || Guru of [[Ramashreya Jha]]<ref name="auto" />
|-
| Vinod-piyā || Tasadduq Hussain Khan || || Son of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/bhimpalasi/|title=Bhimpalasi Inc}}</ref>
|-
|[https://www.vrajrang.com/ VrajRang and GuruRang]<ref>{{Cite web|title={{!}}{{!}} VrajRang - Vrajotsavji {{!}}{{!}}|url=https://sites.google.com/view/vrajrang|access-date=2020-07-29|website=sites.google.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|[https://www.vrajrang.com/acharya-dr-vrajotsavji Pt.Vrajotsavji Gokulotsavji Maharaj]<ref>{{Cite web|title={{!}}{{!}} VrajRang - Vrajotsavji {{!}}{{!}} - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji|url=https://sites.google.com/view/vrajrang/acharya-dr-vrajotsavji|access-date=2020-07-29|website=sites.google.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|
|Multifaceted vocalist of Indian Classical Music in Khayal , Dhrupad & Dhammar and Haveli Sangeet
|-
| Yash-rang ||[[Yeshwantbua Joshi]]|| ||
|-
|}

===Carnatic Musicians===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Mudra
!Notes
|-
|[[Tallapaka Annamayya]]
|Venkata
|
|-
|[[Vyasatirtha]]
|Sri Krishna/ Siri Krishna/Krishna
|
|-
|[[Vadiraja Tirtha]]
|Hayavadana
|
|-
|[[Sripadaraja]]
|Ranga Vitthala
|
|-
|[[Jagannatha Dasa]]
| Jagannatha Vitthala
|
|-
|[[Gopala Dasa]]
|Gopala Vithala
|
|-
|[[Vijaya Dasa]]
|Vijaya Vithala
|
|-
|[[Purandara Dasa]]
|Purandara Vitthala
|
|-
|[[Kanaka Dasa]]
| Adi Keshava
|
|-
|[[Tyagaraja]]
|Tyagaraja
|
|-
|[[Shyama Shastri]]
|Shyama Krishna<ref>{{cite book |title=Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195650983 |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-4881 |accessdate=25 September 2018 |language=en |url-access=subscription |year=2011 }}</ref>
|
|-
|[[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
|Guruguha<ref name="OEMI" />
|Guha is one of the many names of [[Murugan]], the deity at Tirutani, the site of his first composition.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ramaswamy|first1=Vijaya|title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|date=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=9780810864450 | page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Tamils.html?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC}}</ref>

|-
|[[Swati Tirunal]]
|{{ubl|Padmanabha|Pankajanabha}}
|
|-
|[[Bhadrachala Ramadas]]
|Ramadasu
|
|-
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|Ramadasan
|
|-
|[[Gopalakrishna Bharathi]]
|Gopalakrishnan
|
|-
|[[Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
|Harikesha
|
|-
|[[Narayana Teertha]]
|Narayana Teertha
|
|-
|[[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
|Venkateshwara
|
|-
|[[Mysore Vasudevacharya]]
|{{IAST|Vasudevā}}
|
|-
|[[V. Ramarathnam|Mysore V. Ramarathnam]]
|{{IAST|Rāma}}
|
|-
|[[M. D. Ramanathan]]
|Varada dasa
|
|-
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
|{{ubl|Hari|Murali}}
|
|-
|[[Maharajapuram Santhanam]]
|Maharajan
|
|-
|[[Koteeswara Iyer]]
|Kavi Kunjara dasa
|
|-
|[[Kshetrayya]]
|Muvva Gopala
|
|-
|[[Sadasiva Brahmendra|Sadashiva Brahmendra swami]]
|Paramahamsa
|
|-
|[[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]]
|Sri Vidya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carnatica.net/special/navaratri2009-jayachamaraja-ppn.htm|title=Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN|website=www.carnatica.net}}</ref>
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Music}}

[[Category:Carnatic music]]

{{Carnatic-music-stub}}

Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Mudra (music)