Lakhimpur district

2021-06-21T10:30:27Z

2409:4065:E95:F99E:3174:AEBC:B3AB:47CE: /* Population */

{{About|the district of Assam|its eponymous headquarters|North Lakhimpur|the district in [[Uttar Pradesh]]|Lakhimpur Kheri District}}
{{More citations needed|date = October 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhimpur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District of Assam]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Subansiri river in Lakhimpur, Assam1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Subansiri River|Subansiri river]] in Lakhimpur
| image_map = India Assam Lakhimpur district map.svg
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Upper Assam Division|Upper Assam]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[North Lakhimpur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. [[North Lakhimpur]], 2. [[Dhakuakhana]], 3. Kadam, 4. Naoboicha, 5. [[Bihpuria]], 6. [[Narayanpur, Assam|Narayanpur]] 7. Subansiri (Ghilamara)
| area_total_km2 = 2,277
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,042,137
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 78.39 %
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 965 female per 1000 male
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = 1. 14-Lakhimpur HPC
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 1. 109-Bihpuria, 2. 110-Naoboicha, 3. 111-Lakhimpur, 4. 114-Dhakuakhana (ST)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 15 (India)|NH-15]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://www.lakhimpur.nic.in}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Lakhimpur''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|æ|k|ɪ|m|ˈ|p|ʊər}} {{respell|LAK|im|POOR}}) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. The district headquarter is located at [[North Lakhimpur]]. The district is bounded on the North by Siang and Papumpare districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and on the East by [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji District]] and Subansiri River. [[Majuli]] District stands on the Southern side and [[Biswanath district|Biswanath District]] is on the West.

== Etymology ==
The name ''Lakhimpur'' was derived from the name "Lakshmipur" which was given by the Chutiya king named Lakshminaryan who ruled during the 15th century. Later, it was changed by the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s to Lakhimpur, when they were made feudal lords of the region by the [[Ahom dynasty|Ahoms]] after defeating the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya kings]] and was kept in memory of the land (in present-day Darrang district), which they lost to the Koch kingdom.

== History ==
Lakhimpur figures largely in the annals of Assam as the region where tribes from the east first reached the [[Brahmaputra]]. The most prominent of them was the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya rulers]] who held the areas of the present district for long, until the outbreak of the Ahom-Chutiya conflict in the 16th century and eventually the area came under the rule of the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom dynasty]]. The Ahoms created a new position called ''Bhatialia Gohain'' to control the region.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n63/mode/1up Barua,G.C.''Ahom Buranji'', p.59, 61]</ref> The area was later given by Ahoms to the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s to rule like feudal lords, as they had helped defeat the [[Chutiya kingdom|Chutiya]] and [[Kachari kingdom|Kachari]] kingdoms. There was a Chutia principality formed by the king Lakshminarayan in the start of the 15th century upon which the district has been named. The copperplate inscription of a land grant given by the Chutia king in the year 1403 A.D. in the west of the Subansiri river (Swarnadi) as well as the ruins between Dhal and Ghagar rivers (near present-day North Lakhimpur town) shows the evidence of the settlement. The [[Bamar|Burmese]], who had ruined the native kingdoms, at the end of the 18th century, was in 1826 expelled by the [[United Kingdom|British]] under the [[Treaty of Yandabo]]. They placed the southern part of the state, together with [[Sivasagar]] under the rule of Raja Purandhar Singh; but it was not till 1838 that the whole was taken under direct British Administration.

Lakhimpur district used to have several other districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] within its fold and was known as the '''Lakhimpur Frontier Tract'''. After independence, the district contained the present day [[Dibrugarh district]], [[Tinsukia district]] and [[Dhemaji district]]. Its headquarter was at [[Dibrugarh]].

In 1976, [[Dibrugarh district]] was separated from Lakhimpur.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> This was repeated on 14 October 1989, with the formation of [[Dhemaji district]].<ref name='Statoids'/>

==Geography==
Lakhimpur district occupies an area of {{convert|2277|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | page = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Indonesia]]'s [[Yapen Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Yapen 2,278km2}}</ref>

Located in the North-East corner of the Indian State of [[Assam]], the district of Lakhimpur lies on the North bank of the river [[Brahmaputra]]. It is bounded on the North by Lower Subansiri and Papumpare Districts of the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and on the East by [[Dhemaji District]]. [[Majuli]], the largest river-island district is on the South and [[Biswanath District]] is on the West. The [[Brahmaputra]] is navigable for steamers in all seasons as far as [[Dibrugarh]], in the rainy season as far as [[Sadiya]]; its navigable tributaries within the district are the [[Subansiri River]], Ranganadi, and [[Dikrong River]]. The exact location of the district is 26.48’ and 27.53’ Northern latitude and 93.42’ and 94.20' East longitude (approx.).

The district has three sub divisions -- [[Dhakuakhana]], Narayanpur-Bihpuria and North Lakhimpur (sadar). Lakhimpur district has eight Police stations. viz. North Lakhimpur, Boginadi, [[Panigaon]], [[Dhakuakhana]] , [[Ghilamara]], Narayanpur, Laluk and [[Bihpuria]].

Forests are mainly tropical rain forest. Important reserved forests includes Ranga Reserve, Kakoi Reserve, Dulung Reserve and Pabho Reserve. Some varieties are Hollokh ([[Terminalia myriocarpa]]), Ajhar ([[Lagerstroemia speciosa]]), Simolu ([[Bombax ceiba]] or [[Salmalia malabarica]]), Sum ([[Machilus]]), Gomari ([[Gmelina arborea]]), Sisu ([[Dalbergia sissoo]]), Silikha ([[Terminalia chebula]]), Neem ([[Azadirachta indica]]), Nahar ([[Mesua ferrea]]) etc. Wild elephants, buffaloes, tigers, deer etc. are there in the forests. Varieties of bird species are observed in swampy areas.

The great [[Subansiri River]] has legends of once famous gold washing. But as of now, there is no any major exploration of minerals in the district, except some minor exploration for petroleum by ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) near [[Dhakuakhana]].

==Economy==
The economy of Lakhimpur is mainly based on agriculture. Major crops are rice, tea, mustard, sugarcane, etc. A small number of SSc and MSc industries<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cleartax.in/s/small-scale-industries-ssi|publisher=cleartax|title=Small Scale Industries ( SSI ) – Characteristics, Objectives, Registration of SSI|date=9 March 2020|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/mediumscale-industry-17687.html|title=What Is a Medium-Scale Industry?|publisher=Chron|date=19 December 2018|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> are located in the district.

==Divisions==
There are four [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Bihpuria, Naoboicha, Lakhimpur, and [[Dhakuakhana]].<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> Dhakuakhana is designated for [[scheduled tribe]]s.<ref name="ceo1"/> Bihpuria is in the [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur Lok Sabha constituency]], whilst the other three are in the [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=73,409|13=1911|14=92,708|15=1921|16=1,24,296|17=1931|18=1,54,021|19=1941|20=1,88,977|21=1951|22=2,22,883|23=1961|24=3,35,346|25=1971|26=4,80,838|27=1991|28=7,51,517|29=2001|30=8,89,010|31=2011|32=10,42,137|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

===Population===
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Lakhimpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,042,137,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 435th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 457 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.06%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Lakhimpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 965 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 78.39%. Scheduled Castes and Tribes make up 7.9% and 23.9% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Lakhimpur district (2011)<ref>https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX</ref>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value1 = 57.8
|color1 = red
|label2 = [[Mishing language|Mishing]]
|value2 = 17.64
|color2 = Yellow
|label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value3 = 12.96
|color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]]
|value4 = 2.46
|color4 = pink
|label5 = others
|value5 = 9.14
|color5 = purple}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 57.8% of the population spoke [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 17.64% [[Mising language|Mishing]], 12.96% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.46% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 2.35% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.21% [[Deori language|Deori]] and 1.17% [[Hindi]] as their first language.

==Flora and fauna==
In the year 1996 Lakhimpur district became home to the Bardoibum-Beelmukh [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|11|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> It shares the park with [[Dhemaji district]].

==See also==
* [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Latabari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{EB1911 |wstitle=Lakhimpur |volume=16 |page=94}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221101408/http://lakhimpur.nic.in/profile.htm Official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727191719/http://geocities.com/govthsschoolnl/]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://lakhimpur.gov.in/ District Administration website]
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Lakhimpur}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Lakhimpur district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Dhemaji district]]
|East = [[Dibrugarh district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Jorhat district]]
|Southwest = [[Sonitpur district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Papum Pare district]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|27|13|48|N|94|06|00|E|region:IN-AS_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Lakhimpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in British India]]

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Lakhimpur district