https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=2409%3A4065%3AE94%3A73EB%3AE460%3A9AD3%3A95CE%3ADA8EBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-13T01:41:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saurashtra_Kutch_Stock_Exchange&diff=148351Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange2021-08-22T16:57:06Z<p>2409:4065:E94:73EB:E460:9AD3:95CE:DA8E: </p>
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<div>{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Exchange<br />
|name = Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange<br />
|nativename = SKSE<br />
|logo = <br />
|image =<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:SKSE Building.jpg|200px]] --><br />
|type = [[Stock exchange]]<br />
|city = Rajkot<br />
|country = India<br />
|coor = {{coord|22|18|N|70|47|E |region:IN_type:landmark}}<br />
|foundation = July, 1989<br />
|owner = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] , [[Government of India]]. <br />
|key_people = <small>([[Executive Director]])</small><br />
|currency = {{INR}}<br />
|commodity = <br />
|listings = <br />
|mcap = <br />
|volume = <br />
|indexes = <br />
|homepage = [http://www.sksesl.com Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange]<br />
|footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Limited''', popularly called ''Stock Exchange'', or ''SKSE'') is one of three Indian [[stock exchange]] in [[Gujarat]]. It is located at [[Sadar Bazaar, Rajkot|Sadar Bazaar]], [[Rajkot]], [[India]]. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd was incorporated in the month of July 1989 and got recognition from the [[Government of India]]. The recognition have been renewed from time to time by the Central Government and [[Securities and Exchange Board of India|SEBI]]. It is under the ownership of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] , [[Government of India]].<br />
<br />
==History and Present==<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Late Shri Popatbhai Sorathia.jpg|thumb|150 px|right|Late Shri Popatbhai Sorathia, who dreamed about bringing Stock Exchange in this region.]] --><br />
The Stock Exchange is recognized under Securities Contracts Regulation Act. Earlier the Stock Exchange was having very good volume. The broker members were doing huge volume on the floor of the stock exchange. Subsequently after the commencement of National Stock Exchange and on-line computerized trading, the volume on the regional Stock Exchanges faced the decreased trend and as a result, the regional stock exchanges were facing difficulties of reduced liquidity, volume and dept. In December 1999, [[SEBI]] has permitted the regional stock exchange to acquire membership of bigger stock exchanges like [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] and [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] by forming a subsidiary company and thereby to provide trading platform to the brokers of regional stock exchanges. Accordingly, many stock exchanges have floated subsidiary company for acquiring membership of BSE or NSE. Our stock exchange has also floated a subsidiary company namely SKSE Securities Limited which is a 100% subsidiary of Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd. This subsidiary has acquired membership of BSE and NSE and it has got SEBI registration also and got permission for trading from the Stock Exchange, Mumbai and National Stock Exchange of India Ltd., [[Mumbai]]. Our subsidiary is also a Depository Participant of [[CDSL]].<ref>"[http://www.sksesl.com/About_us.html About SKSE]"., Retrieved on 20 December 2007</ref><br />
<br />
==Automation==<br />
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Inauguratting stone of online trading of the SKSE.jpg|thumb|150 px|right|Opening of online trading of the Exchange]] --><br />
The stock exchange went live on 3 October 1996. Online trading was inaugurated by Shri M. R. Maiya (Bhishmapitamaha of Capital Market). Initially, SKSE used paperbased system before automation. Since 3 October 1996, SKSE operates on Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchanges's Online Trading System called '''SKATE'''. Members of the SKSE can also trade on the Bombay Stock Exchange though [[VSAT]] channels. Today the stock exchange has 120 trading members.<br />
<br />
==Subsidiary==<br />
SKSE Securities Ltd is a subsidiary of Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd. SKSE Securities Ltd is member of [[Bombay Stock Exchange|The Stock Exchange Ltd, Mumbai]] (BSE), [[National Stock Exchange of India]] (NSE), [[Central Depository Services Limited|Central Depository System (India) Ltd]] ([[CDSL]]).<br />
As SKSE securities ltd is a 100% subsidiary of skse ltd, has to follow up the winding process as skse ltd is de-recognized the rights to trade on bse/nse as per the sebi guidelines.<br />
<br />
SKSE securities has to give notice to the account holder or traders to stop using the services so as to comply with the sebi order immediately<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[List of stock exchanges]]<br />
* [[List of South Asian stock exchanges]]<br />
* [[List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.sksesl.com Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Limited]<br />
<br />
{{Financial services in India}}<br />
{{Stock exchanges in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rajkot]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Former stock exchanges in India]]<br />
[[Category:1989 establishments in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1989]]</div>2409:4065:E94:73EB:E460:9AD3:95CE:DA8Ehttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_System_Operation_Corporation&diff=152662Power System Operation Corporation2021-08-22T16:44:55Z<p>2409:4065:E94:73EB:E460:9AD3:95CE:DA8E: </p>
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<div>{{More citations needed|date=November 2019}}<br />
<br />
{{EngvarB|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Power System Operation Corporation Limited <br /> पॉवर सिस्टम ऑपरेशन कॉरपोरेशन लिमिटेड<br />
| logo = Power System Operation Corporation Logo.svg<br />
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]] of [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]<br />
| foundation = March,2009<br />
| location_city = New Delhi, India<br />
| industry = System Operation, Power Market Regulation<br />
| area_served = [[India]]<br />
| owner = [[Power Grid Corporation of India]], [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]], [[Government of India]]<br />
| key_people = [[Mr. K V S Baba]] , [[Chairman and Managing Director]] <br />(CMD)<br />
| homepage = {{url|http://posoco.in/}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Power System Operation Corporation Limited''' ('''POSOCO''') is a [[Division (business)|division]] of [[Power Grid Corporation of India]] which is under the [[jurisdiction]] of [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]], [[Government of India]]. It is responsible to monitor and ensure round the clock integrated operation of Indian Power System in a reliable, efficient and secure manner thus serving a mission critical activity. It consists of 5 Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs) and the [[National Load Despatch Centre]] (NLDC).<br />
<br />
The load despatch functions, earlier handled by PGCIL, have been entrusted to POSOCO.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Central Government through Ministry of Power in exercise of the power conferred by sub-section (3) of Sect 26 and sub-section (2) of Section 27 of the Electricity Act, 2003, by notification dt. 27 September 2010 in the Gazette of India notified that the Power System Operation Corporation Ltd (POSOCO), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (a Government Company) shall operate National Load Despatch Centre and the five Regional Load Despatch Centers, with effect from 1 October 2010.<br />
<br />
The subsidiary was set up on the recommendations of a government committee headed by G.B. Pradhan, additional secretary in the Union ministry of power. To make load despatch centres financially self-reliant and autonomous, the committee recommended independent and sustainable revenue streams. The move to separate the two functions is in keeping with the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, which seeks to separate commercial interests from load management functions. The Pradhan committee report had recommended setting up a separate representative board structure overseeing the functions of the five regional load despatch centres (RLDCs) run by PGCIL—the northern, eastern, north-eastern, western and southern regions at that time. The subsidiary was eventually made a separate company effective from 3 January 2017.<br />
<br />
Several steps were taken by Central Government and Regulators in formation of POSOCO. Some of the major milestones <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/Reports/FOR%20Report%20CABIL.pdf|title=Page 25 of CABIL Report by Forum of Regulators|language=en-US}}</ref> are listed below.<br /><br />
<br />
'''• Pre 1994:''' RLDCs were operated by CEA with budgetary support from Govt. of India.<br /><br />
'''• 1994–1996:''' RLDCs transferred in a progressive manner to POWERGRID. Budgetary support from GOI stopped.<br /><br />
'''• July 1998:''' CEA finalized an adhoc arrangement for reimbursement of RLDC expenses (Rs. 12 Crores for 1996–97)<br /><br />
'''• 8 May 2003:''' CERC approved RLDC fees and charges from 2000–2001 (Rs. 21.52 Crores in the starting year)<br /><br />
'''• 2005 onwards:''' ULDC scheme charges merged with RLDC fees & charges and approved by CERC<br /><br />
'''• 22 August 2006:''' Meeting among Committee of Secretaries to discuss upon constitution of wholly owned Govt. of India corporation to carry out all functions as an Independent System Operator.<br /> <br />
'''• 5 November 2007:''' Interactive session convened by Ministry of Power with Forum of Regulators and State Government. Pradhan Committee on Ring fencing of LDCs constituted in Feb 2008 after this meeting.<br /><br />
'''• 4 July 2008:''' MoP Directive for creation of POSOCO, with Board Structure & gradual separation after 5 years.<br /><br />
'''• 11 August 2008:''' Gireesh B. Pradhan Committee Report on "Manpower, Certification and Incentives for System Operation and Ring-fencing Load Despatch Centres" <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/Report_of_the_Committee_on_Manpower_Certification_and_incentives.pdf|title=Pradhan Committee Report|language=en-US}}</ref> submitted. Report accepted and a meeting called on 7 October 2008 by Secretary Power. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/System_Operation_Report_finds_full_endorsement.pdf|title=Meeting Chaired by Secretary Power on 07-08-2008|language=en-US}}</ref> <br /><br />
'''• 15 November 2008:''' Forum of Regulators (FOR) approves formation of ‘Forum of Load Despatchers (FOLD) and approves FOLD charter in Jan 2009.<br /><br />
'''• November 2008:''' Report of "Open Access-Theory and Practice", endorsed by Forum of Regulators.<br /><br />
'''• 20 March 2009:''' Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. Established with the objective of ring-fencing operation; incorporated as a 100% subsidiary of POWERGRID with authorized share capital of Rs.200 crores.<br /><br />
'''• March 2009:''' Satnam Singh Task force report on "Capital Expenditure and Issues Related to Emoluments for Personnel in Load Despatch Centres" submitted. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/Task_Force_Report.pdf|title=Satnam Singh Committee Report|language=en-US}}</ref> <br /><br />
'''• June 2009:''' Rakesh Nath Committee Report on "Manpower Selection, Recruitment Procedure and Tenures for Personnel in SLDCs"<br /><br />
'''• 18 September 2009:''' CERC Regulations for the Fees and Charges as envisaged under the Electricity Act 2003, thus providing financial autonomy of POSOCO. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cercind.gov.in/2009/May09/CERC-Fees-&-Charges-Regulations.pdf|title=CERC Fees and Charges Regulations 2009|language=en-US}}</ref> <br /><br />
'''• 19 March 2010:''' Dhiman Committee Report on "Training and Certification of System Operators" submitted.<br /><br />
'''• 23 March 2010:''' Commencement of Business by POSOCO.<br /><br />
'''• 1 June 2010:''' Transfer of manpower from POWERGRID to POSOCO on secondment basis.<br /><br />
'''• 9 June 2010:''' Ministry of Power designated National Power Training Institute (NPTI) as the Certification Authority for executives of SLDCs, RLDCs and NLDC for an initial period of 3 yrs. i.e. up to 31 March 2013<br /><br />
'''• 26 September 2010:''' Gazette notification by Central Govt. of India that the POSOCO a wholly owned subsidiary of POWERGRID shall operate RLDCs/NLDC w.e.f. 1 Oct 2010.<br /><br />
'''• 1 October 2010:''' POSOCO notified for operation of NLDC/RLDCs.<br /><br />
'''• April 2011 – September 2011:''' 6 batches basic certification training at PSTI Bengaluru<br /><br />
'''• November 2011:''' First online certification test completed leading to 266 certified operators.<br /><br />
'''• 15 March 2015:''' Sanction by President for setting up of POSOCO as Govt. owned company.<br /><br />
'''• 19 December 2016:''' Gazette notification by Central Govt. of India notifying POSOCO as a wholly owned Government company with effect from 3 January 2017. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2016/173165.pdf|title=eGazette for formation of POSOCO as an Independent Company under Ministry of Power Govt. of India|language=en-US}}</ref> <br /><br />
'''• October 2018:''' Report on Capacity Building of Indian Load Despatch Centres by Forum of Regulators<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forumofregulators.gov.in/Data/Reports/FOR%20Report%20CABIL.pdf|title=CABIL Report by Forum of Regulators|language=en-US}}</ref> <br /><br />
<br />
The POSOCO was formed as an umbrella organization to give a corporate structure to RLDCs and NLDC with a mission to ensure integrated operation of Regional and National Power Systems to facilitate transfer of electric power within and across the regions and trans-national exchange of power with reliability, security and economy.<br />
<br />
== Mandate for Load Despatch Functions ==<br />
<br />
The Load Despatch functions in India derives its mandate from Electricity Act 2003,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://powermin.nic.in/en/content/electricity-act-2003|title=Electricity Act 2003|language=en-US}}</ref> which acted as a major reform in the Power Sector for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity. The relevant extracts of Electricity Act 2003 are listed below.<br /><br />
<br />
'''EA 2003, Section 26:'''<br />
''“Central Government may establish a centre at the national level, to be known as the National Load Despatch Centre for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity among the Regional Load Despatch Centres.”''<br />
<br />
'''EA 2003, Section 27(2):'''<br />
''“The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall be operated by a Government Company or any authority or corporation established or constituted by or under any Central Act, as may be notified by the Central Government”''<br />
<br />
'''EA 2003, Section 28(1):'''<br />
''“The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall be the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the power system in the concerned region.”''<br /><br />
<br />
Even the National Electricity Policy 2005 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://powermin.nic.in/en/content/national-electricity-policy|title=National Electricity Policy 2005|language=en-US}}</ref> released by Govt. of India also put emphasis on Independent System Operation through NLDC, RLDCs and SLDCs. The relevant extract of the National Electricity Policy 2005 is listed below.<br /><br />
'''National Electricity Policy 2005, Section 5.3.7:'''<br />
''“The spirit of the provisions of the Act is to ensure independent system operation through NLDC, RLDCs and SLDCs....”''<br />
<br />
== Leadership and management ==<br />
Mr. [[Sushil Kumar Soonee]] (currently mentoring as Advisor, POSOCO) was the first Chief Executive Officer of POSOCO and a special invitee in the Board meetings.<br />
<br />
At present followings are the full-time functional directors on the board of POSOCO <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://posoco.in/about-us/board-of-directors/|title=Board of Directors in POSOCO|language=en-US}}</ref>:-<br />
<br />
# Dr. K.V.S. Baba, Chairman and Managing Director, IAS <br />
# Sh. Sudhanshu Sekhar Barpanda, Director (Market Operation)<br />
# Ms. Meenakshi Davar, Director (HR)<br />
# Sh. Ranjan Kumar Srivastava, Director (Finance)<br />
# Dr. S.R. Narasimhan, Director (System Operation)<br /><br />
<br />
POSOCO has the following offices:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://posoco.in/about-us/origin/|title=Origin of POSOCO|language=en-US}}</ref><br />
* National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC)<br />
* Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs)<br />
*# Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NRLDC) – [[New Delhi]]<br />
*# Western Regional Load Despatch Centre (WRLDC) – [[Mumbai]]<br />
*# Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre (ERLDC) – [[Kolkata]]<br />
*# Southern Regional Load Despatch Centre (SRLDC) – [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]<br />
*# North-Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NERLDC) – [[Shillong]]<br />
<br />
In order to facilitate the management of large scale renewable (mainly wind and solar) integration in the grid including respective generation-scheduling and generation-forecasting, four Renewable Energy Management Centres (REMCs) are under development: Northern Regional-REMC (co-located with NRLDC), Western Regional-REMC (co-located with WRLDC), Southern Regional-REMC (co-located with SRLDC) and National-REMC (co-located in NLDC premises).<br />
<br />
==Awards<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://posoco.in/awards/|title=Awards to POSOCO|language=en-US}}</ref>==<br />
<br />
'''FY 2019–20:'''<br /><br />
* Best Smart Grid pilot project in India<br />
Best Smart Grid pilot project in India by Utility" at ISUW2020 on 6 March 2020 in Diamond Category for its pilot project on Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED).<br /><br />
<br />
'''FY 2018–19:'''<br /><br />
* CBIP best System Operator Award<br />
<br />
'''FY 2016–17:'''<br /><br />
* ISGF Innovation Award for Best Smart Grid Pilot Project in India in March’17<br />
* Outstanding Utility – NASPI (North American SynchroPhasor Initiative)<br />
<br />
'''FY 2015–16:'''<br /><br />
* POSOCO receiving the Best PSU Award for F.Y. 2015–16<br />
* R&D Initiatives – India Today Group<br />
* Best Performing Company – India Today Group<br />
* Consistent Growth & Adaptability – Governance Now<br />
* ASIA PACIFIC HRM CONGRESS 2016 organized by Times Ascent conferred award on POSOCO for Innovative HR practices<br />
<br />
'''FY 2014–15:'''<br /><br />
* Fastest Growing PSU – India Today Group<br />
* Best System Operator – Central Board of Irrigation and Power (CBIP)<br />
<br />
<br />
==National Load Despatch Centre==<br />
On 25 February 2009 the National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) was inaugurated by Sushilkumar Shinde (Former Union Minister of Power) and Shiela Dixit (Former Chief Minister, NCT of Delhi). National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) has been constituted as per Ministry of Power (MOP) notification, New Delhi dated 2 March 2005 and is the apex body to ensure integrated operation of the national power system.<br />
<br />
== Regional Load Despatch Centers (RLDCs) and the state transmission systems under them ==<br />
<br />
The five RLDCs oversee the interstate transmission for the following states:<br />
*Northern Regional Load Despatch Center (NRLDC) : [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Ladakh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
*Western Regional Load Despatch Center (WRLDC) : [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Goa]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]<br />
*Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center (ERLDC) : [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], [[Sikkim]]<br />
*Southern Regional Load Despatch Center (SRLDC) : [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Pondicherry]]<br />
*North-Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center (NERLDC) : [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]], [[Tripura]]<br />
<br />
Each RLDC maintains their own dedicated website where scheduling and despatch of power within their respective control areas are handled round the clock.<br />
<br />
== POWERGRID transmission network failure ==<br />
{{main|July 2012 India blackout}}<br />
<br />
The Northern Region Grid, which provides power to nine states in northern India including Delhi, experienced a widespread outage due to a grid disturbance that occurred at about 2.35 a.m on 30 July 2012.<br />
<br />
Restoration work started immediately under the direction of CEO, POSOCO and POWERGRID's chairman & managing director. A team of engineers tried to find out a way for restoring the normal supply of power immediately, so that railways, Metro, airports and other power users deemed essential could get immediate restoration of electricity. With the coordinated efforts of the whole team of engineers and constituent state utilities, power supply to the essential services and other essential loads in northern India was restored by about 8.00 a.m. and about 60% of load of the Northern Region was restored by 11:00&nbsp;am. This was possible by gearing up the power supply from hydroelectric sources and also extending power from the Eastern and Western regions for start-up supply for thermal generating units of the Northern Region. Thus the associated problems for want of power supply could be partially overcome by this time. Later, power supply was restored progressively and by 12:30&nbsp;p.m. power was extended to most of the cities and towns through POWERGRID sub-stations. The Northern Grid was brought back to normalcy to meet the demand of about 30 GW at 7:00&nbsp;p.m.<br />
<br />
On 31 July 2012, the northern grid collapsed for a second time, hours after the power supply was restored in the entire northern region following a disruption on the previous day. The eastern transmission lines also failed, disrupting power supply in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, West Bengal, Assam and Punjab, among other states.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3707135.ece|title=Powerless again: Northern, eastern grids fail| date= 31 July 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Power Minister Veerappa Moily said that transmission grids will be independently audited in three months to ensure that the grids are fail-safe.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/independent-audit-of-grids-in-3-months/984704/|title= 'Independent audit of grids in 3 months'| date= 7 August 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://posoco.in/ National Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
* [http://www.nrldc.in/ Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
* [http://www.wrldc.in/ Western Regional Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
* [http://www.erldc.in/ Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
* [http://www.srldc.org/ Southern Regional Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110507155128/http://www.nerldc.org/ North-Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre Web-Site]<br />
<br />
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Electric power transmission system operators in India]]<br />
[[Category:Government-owned companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2010]]<br />
[[Category:2010 establishments in Delhi]]</div>2409:4065:E94:73EB:E460:9AD3:95CE:DA8Ehttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India&diff=142302Power Grid Corporation of India2021-08-22T16:40:57Z<p>2409:4065:E94:73EB:E460:9AD3:95CE:DA8E: </p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian public sector electricity grid company}}<br />
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = Power Grid Corporation of India Limited<br />
| logo = Power Grid Corporation of India Logo.svg<br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| logo_size = 200px<br />
| type = [[Government of India|Statutory Corporation]]<br />
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list|{{NSE|Powergrid}}|{{BSE|532898}}|[[BSE SENSEX|BSE SENSEX Constituent]]|[[NIFTY 50|NSE NIFTY 50 Constituent]]}}<br />
| industry = [[Electric utility|Electricity grids]]<br />
| foundation = {{start date|1989|10|23|df=y}}<br />
| location_city = [[Gurgaon, Haryana]], India<br />
| parent = <br />
| divisions = *[[Power System Operation Corporation Limited]]<br />
*[[Powertel India Limited]]<br />
| area_served = India<br />
| key_people = Kandikuppa Sreekant, [[Central Power Engineering Service|Indian Power Engineering Service]] <br />(Chairman & MD)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kandikuppa-sreekant-becomes-power-grid-cmd/article28833392.ece/amp/|title= Kandikuppa Sreekant becomes Power Grid CMD |work=thehindubusinessline|access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref><br />
| products = {{Unbulleted list|[[Electric power transmission|Transmission]]|[[Electricity distribution|Distribution]]| [[Commodity market|Energy trading]]}}<br />
| revenue = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|40106|c}} (2021)<ref name="Powergrid">{{cite web | url=https://www.powergrid.in/sites/default/files/NSE_AFR_dt20062020.pdf | title=Audited Annual Financial Results of the Company for the Financial Year 2019–20 | date=29 May 2018 | publisher=Power Grid Corporation of India | access-date=26 July 2020 }}</ref><br />
| operating_income = {{Increase}}{{INRConvert|34993|c}} (2021)<ref name="Powergrid" /><br />
| net_income = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|12036|c}} (2021)<ref name="Powergrid" /><br />
| assets = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|255549.66|c}} (2020)<ref name="Powergrid" /><br />
| equity = {{increase}}{{INRConvert|64439.69|c}} (2020) <ref name="Powergrid" /><br />
| owner = [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]], [[Government of India]] <br />
| num_employees = 9,255 (March 2019)<br />
| homepage = {{url|https://www.powergrid.in}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Power Grid Corporation of India Limited''' is an Indian [[Government of India|statutory corporation]] under the [[jurisdiction]] of [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]], [[Government of India]] and is headquartered in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram, India]] and engaged mainly in transmission of bulk power across different states of India. Power Grid transmits about 50% of the total power generated in India on its transmission network. It is also certified for PAS 99:.<br />
<br />
==Origin==<br />
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited was incorporated on 23 October 1989<ref name="Power Ref1">{{cite news |title=About Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd {{!}} Company information |url=https://www.capitalmarket.com/Company-Information/Information/About-Company/Power-Grid-Corporation-of-India-Ltd/5455 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=www.capitalmarket.com}}</ref> under the Companies Act, 1956 with an authorized share capital of Rs. 5,000 Crore (subsequently enhanced to Rs. 10,000 Crore in Financial Year (FY) 2007–08) as a public limited company, wholly owned by the Government of India with 51.34% stake in the company as on 31 December 2020 and as principal electric power transmission company for the country.<ref name="Power Ref1" /><br />
<br />
Its original name was the 'National Power Transmission Corporation Limited incorporated on 23 October 1989,<ref name="Power Ref1" /> and it was charged with planning, executing, owning, operating and maintaining high-voltage transmission systems in the country.<ref name="Power Ref1" /> On 8 November 1990, the National Power Transmission Corporation received its Certificate for Commencement of Business. Their name was subsequently changed to Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, which took effect on 23 October 1992.<ref name="Power Ref1" /><br />
<br />
Power Grid<ref>{{cite news |title=Power Grid to buy 74% stake in Jaypee Powergrid, stock drops 2% |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/markets/company-stock/power-grid-to-buy-74-stake-in-jaypee-powergrid-stock-drops-2/story/434508.html |work=www.businesstoday.in}}</ref> started functioning on a management basis with effect from August 1991 and subsequently, it took over transmission assets from [[National Thermal Power|NTPC]], [[National Hydroelectric Power Corporation|NHPC]], [[North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited|NEEPCO]], [[Neyveli Lignite Corporation|NLC]], NPC, THDC, SJVNL etc. in a phased manner and it commenced commercial operation in January'93.<ref name="Power Ref1" /> In addition to this, it also took over the operation of existing Regional Load Despatch Centers (RLDCs) from Central Electricity Authority (CEA), in a phased manner from 1994 to 1996, which have been upgraded and modernized with State-of-the-art Unified Load Despatch and Communication (ULDC) schemes. Consequently, National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) was established in 2009 for overall coordination at the National level. Later the company for making efficient use of its spare telecommunication capacity of unified load dispatch center (ULDC) schemes had diversified into telecom sector and also leverage on its country-wide transmission infrastructure.<ref name="Power Ref1" /><br />
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According to its mandate, the corporation, apart from providing a transmission system for evacuation of central sector power, is also responsible for the Establishment and Operation of Regional and National Power Grids to facilitate the transfer of power within and across the Regions with Reliability, Security, and Economy on sound commercial principles. Based on its performance Power Grid was recognized as a Mini-Ratna Category-I Public Sector Undertaking in October 1998. It is conferred with the status of "Navratna" by the Government of India in May 2008 and "Maharatna" status in October 2019. Power Grid, as the Central Transmission Utility of the country, is playing a major role in the Indian Power Sector and is also providing Open Access to its inter-State transmission system.<br />
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==Business==<br />
<br />
Power Grid<ref>{{cite news |title=Transformers and Rectifiers bags Rs 108 cr order from PGCIL - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/transformers-and-rectifiers-bags-rs-108-cr-order-from-pgcil/81506548 |work=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}}</ref> operates throughout India and covers 90% of country's interstate and inter-regional electric power transmission system and its business segments include Transmission, Consultancy, Telecom and ULDC/ RLDC.<ref name="Power Ref1" /> Its transmission network consists of roughly 168140 circuit kilometers and 252 EHVAC and [[HVDC]] substations,<ref name="Power Ref1" /> which provide total transformation capacity of 422430[[Volt ampere|MVA]] megavolt ampere as on 31 January 2021,and the transmission network maintained at an availability of over 99%.<ref name="Power Ref1" /> Power Grid's interregional capacity is 75,050 [[Megawatt|MW]]. Examples of Power Grid-owned stations include the [[Vizag back-to-back HVDC converter station]], the [[Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC converter station]], the [[India Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection]], and the [[Talcher–Kolar HVDC system]].<br />
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Power Grid is listed on both the [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]] and the [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]]. As of 30 September 2010, there were 792,096 equity shareholders holders in Power Grid. Initially, Power Grid managed transmission assets owned by [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]], [[NHPC]] Limited ("NHPC") and [[NEEPCO]] Limited. In January 1993, the Power Transmission Systems Act transferred ownership of the three power companies to Power Grid. All employees of the three companies subsequently became Power Grid employees.<br />
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===Powertel===<br />
Power Grid's telecom company, Powertel, operates a network of 47,735 Kilometers and points of presence in 688 locations across India.<br />
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==Transmission network failures==<br />
{{main|2012 India blackouts}}<br />
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About 2:35 a.m on 30 July 2012, the Northern Region Grid, which provides power to nine states in northern India including [[Delhi]], experienced a widespread outage due to a grid disturbance. Power Grid and POSOCO began work immediately to restore power. By 8:00&nbsp;a.m. essential services had been restored, with 60 percent of the normal Northern Region Grid load restored by 11:00&nbsp;a.m. Power supply was then restored progressively and by 12:30&nbsp;p.m. power was extended to most of the cities and towns through Power Grid substations. The Northern Region Grid was brought back to normalcy to meet the demand of about 30 GW at 7:00&nbsp;p.m.<br />
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On 31 July 2012, the Northern Region Grid collapsed a second time, hours after the power supply had been restored to the northern region following the previous day's disruption. Eastern transmission lines also failed, disrupting power supply in [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], among other states.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3707135.ece|title=Powerless again: Northern, eastern grids fail| date= 31 July 2012}}</ref><br />
After the power failures, then-Power Minister [[Veerappa Moily]] said that transmission grids would be independently audited in three months to ensure that the grids were fail-safe.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/independent-audit-of-grids-in-3-months/984704/|title= 'Independent audit of grids in 3 months'| date= 7 August 2012}}</ref><br />
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== PowerGrid InvIT initial public offering ==<br />
In late April 2021, PowerGrid floated an offer for sale via the infrastructure investment trust (InvIT) route. The offer opened on 29 April and closed on 3 May, by which the initial public offering was subscribed 4.83 times. This was the second InvIT initial public offering in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=PowerGrid InvIT IPO Subscribed 4.83 Times, QIB Portion Booked 4.63 Times On Final Day |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/powergrid-invit-ipo-fully-subscribed-non-institutional-investors-portion-booked-1-58-times-on-final-day-6846531.html |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><br />
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== Historical landmarks ==<br />
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}<br />
Following are the historical landmarks in the lifetime of the company from the date of formation:<ref name="Power Ref1" /><br />
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2017 - announced that it has been declared as the successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding to establish '765kV Strengthening in Eastern Region (ERSS-XVIII)' on build, own operate and maintain (BOOM) basis on 21 February. Announced on 23 February that it had entered into loan agreement with Asian Development Bank (ADB) for an amount not exceeding US$500 million for part funding of its various projects. On 24 March it had announced that 1,500 MW, Pole-I of 800kV HVDC Champa-Kurukshetra transmission line has been put into commercial operation. On 2 May, the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India granted Unified License to Power Grid Corporation of India with National Long Distance and Internet Services Provider - Category A' service authorizations for providing telecom services valid for 20 years. Announced on 17 August that it had entered loan agreement with Asian Development Bank (ADB) for an amount of US$500 million. Board of Directors at its meeting held on 19 September 2017 accorded investment accorded investment approval for 'Baharampur (Power Grid) - Bheramara (Bangladesh) 2nd 400kV D/c Transmission Line (Indian portion)' at an estimated cost of Rs 198.49 crore with commissioning schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval. On 29 September, company announced that it has entered into a term loan facility agreement for Rs 3270 crore with ICICI Bank for the purpose of funding of capital capital expenditure for expansion, renovation and setting up various on-going and new transmission projects. On 17 October, company announced that it was declared successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding (TBCB) for the establishment of transmission system in [[Bihar]], which includes establishment of three new 400 kV substations and associated 400kV transmission lines. Board of Directors at its meeting held on 2 November accorded investment approval for two projects at an estimated total cost of Rs 381.61 crore and also approved formation of a joint venture with Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation on 50:50 equity participation basis for taking up intrastate transmission system in Uttar Pradesh.<br />
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2016 - On 2 April it had announced that it had commissioned transmission projects worth worth Rs 30300 crore (unaudited) in Financial Year 2015–16. On 26 May Board of Directors at its meeting held approved for Investment of 'North Eastern Region Strengthening Scheme - IV (NERSS - IV)' at an estimated cost of Rs 364.60 crore with commissioning schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval. On 16 September Board of Directors at its meeting<br />
sanctioned investment approval for 'System Strengthening in Southern Region - XXI' at an estimated cost of Rs Rs 562.25 Crore, with commissioning schedule of 30 months progressively from the date of investment approval. Board of Directors at its meeting held on 22 October accorded approval for amendment to Investment of 'North Eastern Region Strengthening Scheme - IV (NERSS - IV)' at an estimated cost of Rs 409.19 crore with commissioning schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval.<br />
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2015 - The Board of Directors of the company at its meeting held on 24 July, approved for the investment approval for 'Transmission System associated with RAPP 7 & 8 Part-B' at an estimated cost of Rs 307.18 with commissioning schedule of 28 months from the date of investment approval, corresponding with the Implementation Agreement (IA) signed with the generator. Board of Director's at its meeting held on 15 September accorded the investment approval for North Eastern Strengthening Scheme-III' at an estimated cost of Rs 133.71 crore, with commissioning schedule of 27 months from the date of investment approval. On 24 September, company announces that Pole-I of q 800kV Agra - Bishwanath Chariali HVDC transmission line has been completed and power flow has commenced which is the first q 800kV HVDC transmission line in the country and world's longest multi terminal HVDC transmission line with line length of approximately 1750 kilometres. On 8 October, company announces that it has incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary company named Grid<br />
Conductors Limited to manufacture aluminium and aluminium alloy electricity conductors at an estimated cost of Rs 127.35 crore. Announces in October that it has been selected as the successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding to establish transmission system for 'Strengthening of Transmission System Beyond Vemagiri' project on build, own operate and maintain (BOOM) basis and the project comprising 765 kV & 400 kV, D/C transmission lines will traverse the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka and include establishment of one 765/400 kV substation in Andhra Pradesh.<br />
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2014 - On 25 March, company announces that pursuant to its selection as the successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding it has acquired from REC Transmission Projects Company Limited (the Bid Process Coordinator) Unchahar Transmission Limited (UNCHAHAR TL),the Special Purpose Vehicle to establish the transmission system for ATS of Unchahar TPS on build, own operate and maintain (BOOM) basis. Also the board of directors at its meeting on 27 March accorded the investment approval for 'Augmentation of transformers in Northern Region - Part B' at an estimated cost of Rs 155.57 crore,with commissioning schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval.<br />
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2013 - It announces of a landmark transaction for US$500 million in debut issued in foreign currency market with a coupon rate of 3.875% p.a. for ten years note. On 11 March,the Board accorded the investment approval for 'Transmission System associated with Meja TPS' at an estimated cost of Rs 55.73 crore with commissioning schedule of 28 months from the date of investment approval. On 30 August,the company announces that it has pursuant to its selection as the successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding, has acquired from REC Transmission Projects Company Limited (the Bid Process Coordinator) Vizag Transmission Limited (VIZAG TL), the special purpose vehicle to establish the transmission system for system strengthening in Southern Region for import of power from Eastern Region on build, own operate and maintain (BOOM) basis. Om 18 November, company announces of receiving approval from the Ministry of Power for follow on public offer consisting of fresh issue of 60.18 crore equity shares of the company and simultaneous disinvestment by Government of India of 18.51 crores equity shares. The Board at its meeting held on 9 December,approved the investment approval for 'Eastern Region Strengthening Scheme-X (ERSS-X)' at an estimated cost of Rs 143.94 crore, with schedule of 24 months from the date of investment approval.<br />
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2012 - In March the company had announced that it had been selected as the successful bidder in its debut participation in tariff based competitive bidding for establishing transmission system associated with IPPs of Nagapattinam/Cuddalore Area: Package - A, which comprises 765 kV D/C & 765 kV S/C traversing the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka and is to be constructed over a period of 36 months. On 19 April, it declares has been selected as the successful bidder under tariff based competitive bidding for establishing transmission system associated with IPPs of Vemagiri Area: Package - A in Andhra Pradesh. on 31 August 2012, the board of directors at its meeting accorded the investment approval for System Strengthening - XIX in Southern Regional Grid' at an estimated cost of Rs 1935.35 crore with commissioning schedule of 27 months from the date of investment approval. Company's board of directors at its meeting held on 14 October 2012 accorded the investment approval for Strengthening Scheme in Northern Region' at an estimated cost of Rs 100.55 crore with commissioning schedule of 24 months progressively from the date of investment approval. In the meeting held on 6 December 2012,Board of directors accorded approval for the formation of a joint venture company with Odisha Power Transmission Corporation Ltd for taking up intra state transmission projects in Odisha and later the board also approved formation of a joint venture company with Bihar State Power (Holding)Co. Ltd. for taking up intra state transmission projects in Bihar.<br />
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2011 - Board of Directors at its meeting held on 26 August permitted the investment sanction for 'Transmission System for IPP generation projects in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh' at an estimated cost of Rs 1366.34 crore, with commissioning schedule of 27 months from the date of investment approval.<br />
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2010 - Commissioned the commercial operations of the National Load Despatch Centre and also 220/110/20 KV Chimtala sub-station at Kabul, Afghanistan. It entered into contract with UMS Group, USA for the International Benchmarking of their O&M practices through International Transmission Operations & Maintenance Study (ITOMS) based on cost, productivity, service levels, equipment maintenance,Asset Management, safety etc. from March. During the financial year 2009-10 commissioned transmission projects worth Rs 3,610 crore. CERC accords regulatory approval to the company to proceed with the execution of nine high capacity transmission corridors, with HVDC link/765 kV UHVAC lines, to facilitate the evacuation of power from various generation projects being developed by independent power producers within India from May. During the year 2010–11, transmission projects worth Rs 7,313 crore were commissioned. Additionally it commissions about 6,760 ckm of transmission lines, 11 new sub-stations and transformation capacity of about 9,500 MVA. It was ranked as 8th overall among the Fastest-Growing Asian Companies and 18th as Fastest-Growing Global Companies in the 'Platts Top 250 Global Energy Company rankings' during the year and had also featured in the 'Forbes Global 2000' list. Board of Directors at its meeting held on 2 July 2010 approved Follow on Public Offer of 20% of existing paid up share capital comprising fresh issue 10% of existing paid up share capital and Offer for Sale (Disinvestment) of 10% of existing paid up share capital by Government of India subject to approval of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs. Due to the delay in schedules of some power generation projects including Subhansiri HEP, Board of Directors at its meeting held on 23 November 2010 cut the Capital Budget Estimate of Rs 12,900 crores for the Financial Year 2010–11 to Rs 11,900 crores.<br />
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2009 - Established the National Load Despatch Centre and incorporated fully owned subsidiary company, Power System Operation Corporation Ltd to manage their Grid Management function in accordance with Government of India guidelines.<br />
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2008 - Declared as a Navratna public sector undertaking by the GoI and it also completed the 220 KV Double Circuit Transmission line from Pul-e-Khumri to Kabul Transmission System in Afghanistan.<br />
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2006 - Commissioned the unified load despatch and communications scheme for the western region and also entered into an agreement with REC and certain state governments and state utilities for undertaking rural electrification works under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana in nine states in India.<br />
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2005 - Commissioned the unified load despatch and communications scheme for the eastern region.<br />
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2003 - Entered into a joint venture arrangement with the Tata Power Company Ltd for implementing a part of the entire transmission system associated with Tala Hydro-Electric Project which was the first public-private sector initiative in the transmission sector and commissioned the 400 KV Raipur-Rourkela line transmission line developed by it and also securing their first international consultancy contract from Bhutan Telecommunications.<br />
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2002 - Commissioned the unified load dispatch and communications schemes for the northern and southern regions and also commissioned the 2,000 MW Talchar-Kolar bipolar HVDC link developed by it.<br />
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2001 - Department of Telecommunications, GoI, granted Infrastructure Provider II license (IP II),to pursue leasing of bandwidth capacity to various customers on their telecommunications network.<br />
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1998 - Declared as a Mini Ratna Category I public sector undertaking by the Government of India.<br />
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1996 - Acquired the management of the remaining two regional load despatch centres, the Northern Regional Load Despatch Centre and the Western Load Despatch centre.<br />
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1995 - Acquired the management of the Eastern Regional Despatch Centre and the North Eastern Load Despatch Centre.<br />
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1994 - Took over the management of Southern Regional Load Despatch Centre and transmission assets from Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd were transferred to the company.<br />
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1993 - According to the legislation promulgated by the Parliament with effect from 1 April 1992 for the transmission of assets of NTPC Ltd, NHPC Ltd and the North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd from January, 1993 and later in the same year the transmission assets of Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd pursuant to a memorandum of understanding executed between both the parties.<br />
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1992 - On 23 October 1992, the name of the company was changed to Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.<br />
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1989 - Incorporated on 23 October 1989 with the name National Power Transmission Corporation with the responsibility of planning, executing, owning, operating and maintaining the high voltage transmission systems in the country.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[India Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection]]<br />
* [[Talcher–Kolar HVDC system]]<br />
* [[Chandrapur back-to-back HVDC converter station]]<br />
* [[Vizag back-to-back HVDC converter station]]<br />
* [[The Electricity Act, 2003]]<br />
* [[Electricity sector in India]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.powergrid.in/ Official Website]<br />
* [http://www.srpc.kar.nic.in/html/grid_map.html Grid maps of southern region]<br />
* [https://techpandazz.com/index.php/2021/05/12/powergrid-invit-ipo-how-to-check-share-allotment-status/ PowerGrid InvIT initial public offering]<br />
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