Karbi Anglong district

2021-07-10T14:55:47Z

2409:4065:385:7FC7:D443:F396:E6D:97EB: /* Notable people */

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karbi Anglong district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District of Assam]]
| total_type = Total
| image_skyline = Langkovku waterfall in Manjha, Karbi Anglong.jpg
| image_caption = Langkovku waterfall near [[Manja, India|Manja]]
| image_map = India Assam Karbi Anglong district map.svg
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Diphu
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Central Assam Division|Central Assam]]
| established_title = Created on
| established_date = 2 February 1970
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Diphu]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 7366
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 660955
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 69.25%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 951
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|3 S.T. Autonomous District Lok Sabha constituency]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 3
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = AS-09-X-XXXX
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Indian road network|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 36 (India)|NH-36]], [[National Highway 39 (India)|NH-39]] (AH-1)
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://www.karbianglong.nic.in}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Karbi Anglong district''' is one of the 34 administrative [[List of districts of Assam|districts of Assam]] in [[India]]. [[Diphu]] is the administrative headquarter of the district. The district is administrated by [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]] according to the Sixth Schedule of the [[Constitution of India]].

==Etymology==
The name "Karbi Anglong" is derived from [[Karbi language]]. '''Anglong''<nowiki/>' is a [[Karbi language|Karbi]] noun for "Hills."

==History==

===Pre independence===
During the pre-British rule, the territory was part of the [[Kachari Kingdom|Dimasa Kingdom]] till the demise of Sengya Tularam Hasnu in AD 1854.<ref>http://karbianglongjudiciary.gov.in/History.html</ref> After his death, it went into the hands of the British under which it was declared a ‘Scheduled District’ constituted in 1874. Later, Mikir Hills track was constituted as "Partially Excluded areas" under the Govt. of India Act, 1935.

===Post independence===
On November 17, 1951, now defunct United Mikir Hills and North Cachar Hills district was created by combining some parts of the districts of the now [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]], [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]], Cachar and United Khasi and Jaintia Hills district of present-day [[Meghalaya]] state.

This was followed by bifurcation of the erstwhile district of United Mikir and North Cachar Hills into two separate districts — Mikir Hills district and [[Dima Hasao district|North Cachar Hills]] district — on 2 February 1970.<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> Mikir Hills district was renamed as Karbi Anglong district on 14 October 1976.<ref name='Statoids'/>

In 2016, the district was divided into 2 new districts. The western part of the district including [[Hamren]], [[Donkamokam]] and other adjoining areas forming the new district of [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]]. [[Hamren]] is made the headquarter of the newly created district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenortheasttoday.com/assam-gets-new-district-of-hojai/|title=Assam get new districts|access-date=2016-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701104129/http://thenortheasttoday.com/assam-gets-new-district-of-hojai/|archive-date=2016-07-01|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=feb1216/state054|title=West Karbi Anglong district inaugurated|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403111745/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=feb1216%2Fstate054|archive-date=2016-04-03|work=[[The Assam Tribune]]|date=February 11, 2016}}</ref>

===Aspiration for statehood===
{{Main|Twenty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India}}
{{Essay|date=October 2019}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2019}}

Historically, the hill tribes of [[Northeast India]] were neither a part of India (since the Republic of India did not exist back then) nor of Assam prior to the British colonization of this region.<ref name="Hussain tribal movement">{{Cite journal|last=Hussain|first=Monirul|date=1987|title=Tribal Movement for Autonomous State in Assam|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=22|issue=32|pages=1329–1332|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4377333}}</ref> After the recommendation of [[Simon Commission]], the hill area (Karbi Anglong district) was given a different status under Section 92 of the [[Government of India Act 1935]]: Mikir Hills was placed under the "Partially Excluded Areas" ({{ISBN|8178356619|}}). The Govt. of Assam, which means had no jurisdiction over the excluded areas which were administered under the special power of the Governor.<ref name="Hussain tribal movement" />

During mid-1930: Political leaders [[Semsonsing Ingti]], Seng Bey, Khorsing Terang, etc. emerged from this particular area.({{ISBN|9788178356617|}}) In 1937, these leaders, in a memorandum to Assam Governor, Sir Robert Neil Reid, at Mohungodijua, demanded a separate hill district for Mikirs. A regional political forum, called Karbi-A-Durbar, was formed to intensify the movement.({{ISBN|8178356619|}}). India got her independence on 15 August 1947.

After Independence of India, Several tribes of [[Northeast India]] like [[Naga people]], [[Mizo people]], [[Bodo people]] and [[Khasi people]] begin demanding separate statehood or complete independence identity for themselves. These demands were agitated both by common people and group of insurgencies. The Congress Govt. [[Assam]] in 1960, declared [[Assamese language]] as the official language of the State<ref name="Hussain tribal movement" /> ignoring existence of multiple tribes and languages, causing discontent among indigenous tribes, which form majority of then Assam State. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4377333?seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents] This led to the formation of [[Nagaland]] State in 1963 and State of [[Meghalaya]] in 1971. The then unified districts (Karbi Anglong district & [[Dima Hasao district]]) were invited to join the newly created [[Meghalaya]]. The twin districts vetoed to join the newly createtd State of [[Meghalaya]], after the assurance of greater independence from State of [[Assam]].<ref>To be fixed: {{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870915-karbi-tribals-demand-autonomous-state-within-assam-799302-1987-09-15|title=Karbi tribals demand autonomous state within Assam|last=September 15|first=RAMESH MENON|last2=September 15|first2=1987 ISSUE DATE|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31|last3=December 19|first3=1987UPDATED|last4=Ist|first4=2013 15:46}}</ref>

[[File:Dr Jayanta Rongpi.webm|right|thumb|Former M.P. Dr. [[Jayanta Rongpi]] representing both Karbi Anglong & NC Hills in the Parliament during his tenure.]]

Though the same assurance by [[Assam|State of Assam]] remain partly or wholly unfulfilled and diluted through decades. This led to several memorandums, wave of agitations in the twin Districts of Karbi Anglong district and [[Dima Hasao district]] complaining of lack of fulfilment, infiltration in the Sixth schedule, ignorance and imposition of Assamese towards these districts by the State of Assam.

In 2013, in a joint agitation [[Bodo people|Bodo]], [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]] and [[Karbi people|Karbi]] disrupted transport service through highway and railway in their respective districts. Eventually, leading in lose of 2 lives due to police firing and damages to many public and private property.<ref name="timesofindia Aug 1, 2013">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Two-killed-in-statehood-demand-violence-in-Assam-curfew-continues/articleshow/21537262.cms|title=Karbi Anglong Violence: Two killed in statehood demand violence in Assam, curfew continues|date=Aug 1, 2013|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-10}}</ref>

The district is also a hotbed of militant activities who aspire to achieve statehood though violence. [[United People's Democratic Solidarity|UPDS]], now defunct, has come overground for overall good, peace and development of the region and people.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/breaking-news/union-home-minister-amit-shah-laid-the-foundation-stone-of-karbi-dimasa-bhawan-in-dwarka/ |title = Union Home Minister Amit Shah laid the Foundation Stone of Karbi & Dimasa Bhawan in Dwarka|date = 2019-08-19}}</ref>

==Geography==
===Topography===
The districts plateau are an extension of the [[Indian Plate]] (The Peninsular Block) in the [[Northeast India]]. This area receives maximum rainfall from the [[Monsoon#Southwest monsoon|Southwest summer Monsoon]] from June through September.<ref>{{cite book |last=Vasudevan |first=Hari |title=India:Physical Environment |year=2006 |publisher= NCERT|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-7450-538-5|pages =17|chapter =Structure and Physiography|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Numerous rivers and tributaries flow in these districts (Dhansiri river, Longnit River, Jamuna, kolioni, Nambor, etc.).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://power.assam.gov.in/schemes/running-projects-of-apgcl|title=Running Projects of APGCL {{!}} Power {{!}} Government Of Assam, India|website=power.assam.gov.in|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/41429|title=Karbi Langpi Hydroelectric Power Project India - GEO|website=globalenergyobservatory.org|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> The district is bounded by [[Golaghat district]] on the east, [[Meghalaya]] state and [[Morigaon district]] on the west, [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]] and [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] districts on the north and [[Dima Hasao district]] and [[Nagaland]] state on the south. The district is located between 25º 33′ and 26º 35′ North latitude and from 92º 10′ to 93º 50′ East longitude.

===Flora and fauna===
[[File:KANTHI WATER FALL.jpg|thumb|The Kangthi waterfall, situated in Kangthi Village, approximate 12 kilometers away from Dengaon in Karbi Anglong district of Assam in India.|237x237px]]
[[File:Reserve Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary of Karbi Anglong.jpg|left|thumb|269x269px|Reserve Forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries map of Karbi Anglong.]]
About 40% of Karbi Anglong is covered with forest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fsi.nic.in/cover_2011/assam.pdf|title=India State of Forest report 2011|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="allenshaji">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wti.org.in/projects/kaziranga-karbi-anglong-link/|title=KAZIRANGA – KARBI ANGLONG LINK PROJECT {{!}} Wildlife Trust of India|last=allenshaji|website=www.wti.org.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> According to MSME-Development Institute, Diphu The important forest types found in Karbi Anglong District are: Moist semi-evergreen forests, Moist Mixed Deciduous forests, Riverain Type and Miscellaneous type with scattered pure or mixed patches of bamboos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Ind-Profile-Karbi-Anglong.pdf|title=Brief Industrial Profile of Karbi Anglong District|date=2013–2014|website=Dc MSME}}</ref> These forest areas are natural museums of living giant trees, a treasure house of rare, endemic and endangered species, a dispensary of medicinal plants, a garden for Botanists, a gene bank for economically important organisms, a paradise for nature lovers and a laboratory for environmentalists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://karbianglong.gov.in/departments/forestry|title=Forestry|website=Government of Assam/ Karbi Anglong District}}</ref> Threatened species in the area include [[Asian elephant]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[Clouded leopard]] and [[Leopard]], [[Hoolock gibbon]], [[Pangolin]], [[Porcupine]] [[Slow loris]] etc.<ref name="allenshaji"/> The district includes five wildlife sanctuaries, two elephant reserves (Dhansiri – Lumding and Kaziranga – Karbi Anglong) and 17 District Council Reserve Forests (DCRFs).<ref name="allenshaji"/> In 1952, Karbi Anglong district became home to the [[Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|6|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name="parks">{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=September 25, 2011 | url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2011 }}</ref> Other four Wildlife Sanctuaries are [[East Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary]], Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary, [[Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary]] and North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assaminfo.com/tourist-places/34/east-karbi-anglong-wildlife-sanctuary.htm|title=East Karbi Anglong Wild Life Sanctuary {{!}} East Karbi Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary Assam {{!}} Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam {{!}} Karbi Anglong Wild Life Sanctuary Assam|website=www.assaminfo.com|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://103.8.249.31/assamforest/NP_Sanctuaries/wls_mLongri.php|title=Department of Environment & Forests (Government of Assam)|website=103.8.249.31|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wildtrails.in/north-karbi-anglong-wildlife-sanctuary/|title=North Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary|date=2017-09-23|website=WildTrails|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assaminfo.com/tourist-places/33/nambor-wildlife-sanctuary.htm|title=Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary {{!}} Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary Assam {{!}} Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam {{!}} How to Reach Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary {{!}} Nambor Habi {{!}} Where To Stay In Reach Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary|website=www.assaminfo.com|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> However, the forests and wildlife of these districts continue to face threats from deforestation and human activities, some of them illegal.<ref name="allenshaji"/> Illegal minings is an immense concern as it very much contributes to ecological disturbance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/illegal-mining-near-kaziranga-national-park-report-sought-from-karbi-anglong-sp/articleshow/65558576.cms|title=Illegal mining near Kaziranga National Park: Report sought from Karbi Anglong SP|first=Naresh|last=Mitra|date=Aug 27, 2018|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/mining/assam-bans-mining-in-kaziranga-after-supreme-court-order-64299|title=Assam bans mining in Kaziranga after Supreme Court order|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

===Climate===
Due to variation in the topography, this hill zone experiences different climates in different parts. The winter commences from October and continues till February. During summer, the atmosphere becomes sultry. The temperature ranges from 6-12° in winter and 23-32° in summer. The average rainfall is about 2416 mm.<ref name="karbianglong.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=https://karbianglong.gov.in/information-services/district-profile|title=Government of Assam{{!}} Karbi Anglong|website=Government of Assam|access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>

==Politics==
Articles 244(2) and 275(1), "Sixth Schedule" of the Constitution of India provides "Mini Constitution" to some Autonomous regions of India. In these regions, elections are held according to "District Council Election Rules". Like other Autonomous region, the Karbi Anglong districts are also empowered to frame their own "District Council Election Rules" under "Sixth Schedule" and elect its members from ST (Schedule Tribe) to the Councils.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/bill164_20080318164_SIXTH_SCHEDULE_with_amendments_0.pdf|title=SIXTH SCHEDULE [Articles 244(2) and 275(1)]|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> Since many tribal are hardly aware of this special provisions, non-ST politicians have been contesting MAC elections in the Council. Recently PIL ( PIL No. 9/2017) was filed in the Gauhati High Court and Diphu Judicial Court against non-Tribal elected in the Council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/three-karbi-anglong-autonomous-council-kaac-macs-receive-notice-of-court-hearing/|title=Three Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) MACs receive notice of Court hearing|date=2018-08-08|website=The Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-15}}</ref><ref name="The Assam Tribune Online">{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug0118/state058|title=The Assam Tribune Online|website=www.assamtribune.com|access-date=2019-09-15}}</ref> The Gauhati High Court in its final verdict on July 13, 2018 directed the KAAC to frame new acts and rules under paragraph 2 (7) of the Sixth Schedule for preparation of electoral roll.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/social-bodies-demand-removal-of-non-tribals-from-kaac-panel/|title=Social bodies demand removal of non-tribals from KAAC panel|website=www.thehillstimes.in|access-date=2019-09-15}}</ref><ref name="The Assam Tribune Online"/> As of now, there has been no completion of "District Council Election Rules" by the KAAC surpassing the duration limit ordered by the Court.

===Constituency ===
There are three Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the district, namely Bokajan, Howraghat and Diphu. All are part of [[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|3 S.T. Autonomous District Lok Sabha constituency]] of [[Assam]] designated for [[scheduled tribe]]s.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2012|access-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Administration==
The district is under the administration of [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]]. Diphu is the district headquarter, as well administrative headquarters of the same. The CEM of [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]] is the Chairperson and Chief executive of the council and district respectively, supported by twenty six other Elected Members of the Council.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karbianglong.co.in/executive_struc.html|title=KAAC {{!}} Legislative & Executive Structure|website=www.karbianglong.co.in|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> The Principal Secretary, Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council is the administrative head of the districts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karbianglong.co.in/admin_structure.html|title=KAAC {{!}} Administrative Structure|website=www.karbianglong.co.in|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> The Deputy Commissioners is responsible for maintenance of Law and Order, Administration of Justice. Other important town of the districts is [[Bokajan]]. As per 2011 census, Total number of villages in the district is 2073<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://karbianglong.gov.in/information-services/general-data-of-karbi-anglong|title=GENERAL DATA OF KARBI ANGLONG DISTRICT|website=Govt. of Assam|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref> with combined 11 Development Blocks to look after the development activities in the district.

==Economy==
In 2006, the Indian government named Karbi Anglong one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the eleven districts in Assam currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

The GDP of the district was '''2,198.39 crore''' (13th among [[Districts of Assam]]) based at constant price (2004-2005) for year 2009–10.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.gov.in/resources/district-wise-gdp-and-growth-rate-assam-based-constant-price2004-2005-year-2009-10|title=District wise GDP and growth rate of Assam based at constant price(2004-2005) for year 2009-10|last=a.sonkusare|date=2014-11-28|website=data.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> [[Agriculture]] is the main source of income for the people along with [[Horticulture]], [[Livestock]], [[Plantation]], [[Sericulture]], [[Weaving]], etc. Tribals are generally self-sufficient. They mostly rely on wild vegetables found in hills both for domestic consumption and commercial purpose.<gallery widths="250" heights="100">
File:Hanserong.jpg|[[Roselle (plant)]] (English)/Hanserong (local) is a common plant grown in almost every tribal household. Both its leaf & seed bud are consumed.
File:Henru & Dongdar.jpg|[[Colocasia]] or Henru (left) and its root or Dongdar (right) are consumed entirely.
</gallery>

===Ginger===
Karbi Anglong ginger has been granted geographical indication (GI) rights by the GI Registry of India.<ref name="ginger">{{Cite web | url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=apr0215/at054 | title=The Assam Tribune Online}}</ref> About 10,000 farmers grow ginger. The average annual production in Karbi Anglong is 30,000 tonnes.<ref name="ginger"/>

===Rubber===
in 2017–18 with a total area of 8,589.85 hectare and production of 2,925 million tonnes (third among inter districts of Assam) it generated 26,800 employments.<ref name="des.assam.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=https://des.assam.gov.in/portlets/statistical-handbook|title=Statistical Handbook {{!}} Directorate of Economics and Statistics {{!}} Government Of Assam, India|website=des.assam.gov.in|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref>

===Tea===
As per the Statistical Hand Book Assam, 2018 the district has 1,590 tea growers registered with [[Tea Board of India]] with total area of 2,488.21 hectare'''.''' In 2017, the district's tea production was 4.59 million kg and stood at No.12 among other [[districts of Assam]].<ref name="des.assam.gov.in"/>

The region also produces significant numbers of [[Areca nut]], [[Baccaurea ramiflora]], Beans, [[Jackfruit]], [[Maize]], [[Orange (fruit)]], [[Peach]], [[Pineapple]], [[Potato]] and [[Sweet potato]], [[Plum]], [[Sugarcane]], [[Tapioca]], [[Turmeric]], etc. One of [[Cement Corporation of India|CCI]] working factory (out of three) called Bokajan Cement Factory is located in [[Bokajan]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://cciltd.in/page.php?id=75 |title = CCI}}</ref> Its product is exported to the whole country.

===Potentiality for development===
The district is rich in mineral resources. It has [[Feldspar]] and [[Limestone]] reserve's.<ref name="karbianglong.gov.in"/> According to the [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]], Karbi Anglong has reserve [[Coal]] of 1.3 m. tonnes, [[Granite]] of 30 m. cum and [[Kaolinite]] of 0.7 m. tonnes.

==Demographics==
===Population===
In 1971 [[Census of India]], the Tribal population was at 65%,<ref>{{Cite journal |hdl = 10603/67733|title = Development of primary education in the Karbi Anglong district|journal = University|date = 1987-12-31|last1 = Saikia|first1 = Menoka}}</ref> as of 2011, it stand at 56.3%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/assam/karbi-anglong-population.html|title=Karbi Anglong District Population, Assam, List of Taluks in Karbi Anglong|website=Censusindia2011.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> with large numbers of illegal influx and encroachment from outside causing disturbance to both natural landscape & economic opportunities. Illegal issuance of land patta is also the major concern for the Indigenous tribal communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/06/08/stop-issuing-land-pattas-to-illegal-migrants-students-orgs-to-kaac/|title=Stop issuing land pattas to illegal migrants, students' orgs to KAAC {{!}} The Drongo Express|last=Express|first=Drongo|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/10/16/ksu-carries-postering-against-illegal-land-holders-in-karbi-anglong/|title=KSU Carries Postering Against Illegal Land Holders in Karbi Anglong {{!}} The Drongo Express|last=Express|first=Drongo|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> The [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]], the Land Revenue and the Forest department of Karbi Anglong aided by Police and Executive Magistrate on 5 March 2019 demolished and evicted over 600 illegal structures and infiltrators built in Lankaijan Reserve Forest bordering [[Hojai district]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/karbi-anglong-autonomous-council-kaac-resumes-eviction-drive-of-illegal-settlers|title=Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council (KAAC) Resumes Eviction Drive of Illegal Settlers|website=G Plus|language=en|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/assam-eviction-drive-at-karbi-anglong-hojai-border-halted-police-resort-to-lathi-charge-on-agitators/|title=Assam: Eviction drive at Karbi Anglong-Hojai border halted, police resort to lathi charge on agitators|date=2019-03-09|website=TNT-The NorthEast Today|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/eviction-drive-in-karbi-anglong-against-bangladeshi-settlers/|title=Eviction Drive In Karbi Anglong Against Bangladeshi Settlers|date=2019-03-05|website=The Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> On 31, August{{citation needed|reason=which year|date=February 2021}} 10:00 am ([[Indian Standard Time]]) the much awaited [[National Register of Citizens of India]] (Assam) was declared. 19,06,657 were excluded out of 3.11 Crore people from all over [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/nrc-assam-final-list-direct-link-1567222508-1|title=NRC Assam Final List Declared: Check Direct Link|date=2019-08-31|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> According to many news reports, both from [[Karbi Anglong]] (10th position) & [[West Karbi Anglong district]] (7th position) '''14.31% & 15.47%''' of people were excluded from these respective areas'<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-district-wise-figures-of-people-excluded-from-nrc-draft-matters-5871790/|title=Explained: Why district-wise figures of people excluded from Assam NRC draft matter|date=2019-08-31|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-nrc-bjp-challenge-votebank-politics-1593711-2019-08-31|title=Assam NRC and BJP's challenge: The votebank politics of NRC|last=GuwahatiAugust 31|first=Manogya Loiwal|last2=August 31|first2=2019UPDATED|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01|last3=Ist|first3=2019 06:08}}</ref>

Overall [[Karbi people]] form majority of the population. Other indigenous peoples (Garos, Tiwas, Dimasas, etc.) inhabit these areas.

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Karbi Anglong District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 965,280,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 451st in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 93 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.58%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Karbi Anglong has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 74%, with Male and Female constituting 82% and 65% respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
[[Karbi language|Karbi]] is the prominent language in the district. Other significant spoken languages include [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Dimasa language|Dimasa]] (Grao-dima),Tiwa, Bodo, Kuki (Khawchung Thadou).<ref name='ethnoaiton'>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Aiton: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aio | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Hindi]] & [[English language]] is used as the common language for communicating among different communities residing in district.

===Religion===
{{bar box
| title = Religions in Karbi Anglong District<ref name="Census">{{Cite news|url=https://www.census2011/data/religion/district/157-karbi-anglong.html|title=Karbi Anglong District Religion Census 2011|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
| titlebar = #Fcd116
| left1 = Religion
| right1 = Percent
| float = right
| bars =
{{bar percent|[[Animism]]/[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|orange|80.1}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]]|blue|16.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|2.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhists]]|black|0.65}}
}}
[[File:Deopani Durga temple.jpg|thumb|Deopani Durga temple in Karbi Anglong district]]

Religion category has been not properly represented by the Govt. of India. As many tribes in the district practice Animism or traditional gods. These beliefs are often included under Hinduism category.<ref>https://theprint.in/opinion/adivasis-are-not-hindus-lazy-colonial-census-gave-them-the-label/618051/</ref>

[[Animism]] nature workshippers (confused as Hindus because nature is revived as mother in hindu religion)<ref>https://missionexus.org/why-knowing-animism-is-necessary-to-reach-hindus/</ref> and [[Hinduism]] is the majority religion constituting 80.10% of Karbi Anglong population. Christians constitute 16.50% of the population.<ref name="Census"/>

===Culture===
With Karbi as majority, there also exist numerous other tribal groups like Paite, Tiwa and Hmar are found scattered in the district. All these tribal represents different and unique identities, customs and traditions, clothing, food and religions of their own, yet they share many common practices making them self-sufficient, satisfied and less dependent from outside supplies than the rest of conventional civilized sections. They all rely on Bamboo for their essential frequent use including food (bamboo sprout) and house building materials, curve out utensils from wood, spin out cotton, jhum cultivation, non-dowry practice, local hygienic green vegetables instead of regular green market, clothes manufacturing, and so on{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}.

'''[[Karbi Youth Festival]]''' is an annual festival celebrated by the Karbi people of Assam along with other tribals to propagate and display their rich culture and traditions in one platform. It is celebrated between 15–19 February of every year in Taralangso, [[Diphu]], [[Karbi Anglong District]]. It is locally called '''Riso-Nimso Rong Arje'''{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}.

==Tourism==

===Places of interest===
A hilly district of Assam, Karbi Anglong is still somewhat unknown to the tourist in spite of its natural green forest and hills. Some reasons are poor connectivity, infrastructure. Several places local origin name have been renamed by outsiders. Visitors frequent littering openly have caused serious threat to these places.

; [[Diphu]]
: It is a busy town located on a hill. There are tourist attractions in and around the town.
; Akashiganga
: 15  km away from [[Dokmoka]]. A stream of water flows down from the high hill. In front of it, there is a Siva temple
; Dikrut Waterfall (also Paklongkam)
: It's a waterfall located on the mountain. Outsiders knows it by the name of Bhelughat.
; Garampani (also Langkar-om)
: [[Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary]] which is home of hoolock gibbon and golden langur. There is hot water spring in here near the [[National Highway 29 (India)|National Highway-29]] (also [[AH1]]).
; Kaiphlangso
: in Dolamara vicinity under No. 26 Duarbagori MAC Constituency in Karbi Anglong and famous for its scenic beauty and bordering the enchanting hills. Outsiders knows it as Kakochang falls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/10/08/youth-drowns-at-kaipholangso-waterfall/|title=Youth drowns at Kaipholangso waterfall {{!}} The Drongo Express|last=Express|first=Drongo|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>
; Kangthilangso Waterfall
: It's a waterfall located in Kangthi village, around 12 km from Denarong (Dengaon).
; Longsokangthu (also Siloni)
: It is a picnic spot on the bank of a river, surrounded by hills and greenery.
; Silbheta
: It is a picnic spot located at a distance of 37 km from Diphu. The place surrounded by rain forests. A nature built stone bridge (dyke) with a waterfall is the main attraction of this place.
; Recreation Park
: Recreation Park is a Government run Recreational cum Medicinal garden. It is a place of attraction for the tourists. [https://www.nelive.in/assam/travel/biodiversity-cum-recreation-park-diphu]
; Langvoku Waterfall
: Langvoku waterfall is 10km away from [[Manja, India|Manja (town)]] in Karbi Anglong (Assam). This place undoubtedly beautiful with its fountains. The place is located in Manja-Dilai area of the district.
; Tokolangso Waterfall
: Tokolangso waterfall is on a hilly spot. The water falls down straight from the hilltop. The water is very cold and crystal clear in appearance. The place is located in Balipathar, 14km away from [[Bokajan]].

==Education==
Karbi Anglong's major educational institutions are:

===Universities===
;[[Assam University]], Diphu Campus
: Located in hilly terrain spreading over 273 bighas allotted by [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council|Karbi Anglong Autonomous District Council]] authority. It is about 8km westward from downtown Diphu towards Lumding. The campus is a pioneering higher-level study centre in this remote eastern part of the country{{Vague|date=September 2019}}. The Campus offers different Post-Graduate courses and research facilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aus.ac.in/diphucampus/about-us/|title=About Us – Diphu Campus|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

===Medical Colleges===
;[[Diphu Medical College and Hospital]]

===Colleges===
The district has many well established colleges. Among them, [[Diphu Government College]], is the only NAAC accredited government higher educational institution in the district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diphugovernmentcollege.org/DGC/index.htm|title=Diphu Government College|website=www.diphugovernmentcollege.org|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> Other notably colleges are [[Diphu Law College]]; Don Bosco Junior College, Diphu; Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Hanjanglangso (Sarihajan) and Thong Nokbe College, Dokmoka.

===Technical institutes===
*[[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institute]], Diphu
*Polytechnic, Diphu

===Schools===
Schools in the district follow the State [[Board of Secondary Education, Assam]] curriculum. Many schools provides quality education to hill people{{Vague|date=October 2019}}. These established are run by Government, Private and Missionaries. Some well known schools are: Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Diphu; Diphu Govt. Boys Higher Secondary School, Diphu; Diphu Govt. Girls High School, Diphu; Howraghat Higher Secondary School, Howraghat; [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Diphu; [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], Diphu & Bokajan; Kidzee, Diphu; Vidhya Sagar High School, Bokajan; Krist Jyoti School, Dokmoka; Mount Calvary English High School, Diphu and [[Presbyterian Mission High School, Diphu]].

==Media==

===Newspaper===
''[[The Arleng Daily]]'', a Karbi daily, is a tabloid format newspaper that heralded a new beginning for Karbi newspaper. ''[[Thekar]]'', a Karbi daily, is the first RNI Registered Karbi newspaper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thekararnivang.com/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Thekar|website=thekararnivang.com|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> Since then, there are several dailies in [[Karbi language]]. In the year of 2005–06, a Hindi newspaper ''Jana Prahari'' was launched from [[Baguliaghat]], a small town in Karbi Anglong. 'Hill Observer' is an English Daily Newspaper published from Diphu. The Drongo Express, an English daily, is published from Diphu, Karbi Anglong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drongoexpress.com/|title=The Drongo Express {{!}} A Daily Newspaper from Karbi Anglong|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> The Hills Times, a largely circulated English daily published from Diphu{{Vague|date=October 2019}} and printed in Guwahati{{Citation needed|date=October 2019|reason=it is still published from Diphu}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/|title=The Hills Times — Voice of the Hills People|website=www.thehillstimes.in|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

===Television===
* [[Doordarshan]] TV relay centre, Diphu
* KAT News (Cable Channel), Diphu
* Karbi Anglong Live (Cable Channel), Hamren, West Karbi Anglong
* KaCOM (Cable Channel) not in function since 2015, Bokajan

===Radio===
* [[All India Radio]], Diphu

==Transportation==
===Road===
The district is connected to other place by road though [[National Highway 36 (India)|NH-36]], [[National Highway 39 (India)|NH-39]] and [[National Highway 329 (India)|NH-329]].

===Railway===
[[Diphu railway station]] is the only railway station in the district.

==Notable towns==
* [[Amlakhi]]
* [[Bokajan (town)|Bokajan]]
* [[Baguliaghat|Bokulia]]
* [[Diphu]]
* [[Dokmoka]]
* [[Howraghat]]
* [[Manja, India|Manja]]

==Notable people==
* [[Rongbong Terang|Prof. Rongbong Terang]], Padmashree awardee.
* [[Semsonsing Ingti|Late Semsonsing Ingti]], founder of Karbi Anglong district ''(the then Mikir Hills)''.
* [[Jayanta Rongpi]]
* [[Biren Sing Engti]]
* [[Joyram Engleng|Romon Rongpi]] , First Karbi Actor in the movie OSO VIPO to win national award
*

==See also==
* [[West Karbi Anglong district]]
* [[List of districts of Assam]]
* [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council]]
{{Coord|26|11|N|93|34|E|display=title|region:IN_type:adm2nd_dim:200000}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://karbianglong.gov.in/ Karbi Anglong district website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Karbi Anglong District (East)
|North =
|Northeast = [[Golaghat district]]
|East = [[Dimapur district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southeast = [[Peren district]], [[Nagaland]]
|South = [[Dima Hasao district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Nagaon district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Autonomous Areas of Northeast India}}
{{Proposed states and territories of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karbi Anglong district| ]]
[[Category:Former districts of Assam]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1970]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Assam]]

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Karbi Anglong district