Speaker of the Lok Sabha

2021-08-29T07:31:03Z

2409:4065:180:DF6D:DCB7:3A5:5759:A12B:

{{short description|Presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Speaker
| body = the Lok Sabha
| native_name = {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagborder = yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem of India.svg
| insigniasize = 50px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| image = Om Birla Member of Parliament Rajasthan India.jpg
| imagesize =
| department = [[Lok Sabha]]
| incumbent = [[Om Birla]]
| incumbentsince = 19 June 2019
| style = [[The Honourable|The Hon’ble]] {{small|(formal)}}<br />[[Mister|Mr. Speaker]] {{small|(informal)}}
| appointer = Members of the [[Lok Sabha]]
| constituting_instrument = Article 93 of the [[Constitution of India]]
| termlength = During the life of the Lok Sabha (five years maximum)
| residence = 20, [[Akbar Road]], [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4716 |website=164.100.47.194 |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
| seat = 16, [[Parliament House (India)|Parliament House]], [[Sansad Marg]], New Delhi, Delhi, India
| inaugural = [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]] {{small|(1952–1956)}}
| formation = 15 May 1952
| deputy = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
| precursor = [[Constituent Assembly of India|President of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
| salary = [[Indian rupee|₹]] 3.5 lakh per month (excl. allowances)
| website = {{URL|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
| member_of = [[Lok Sabha]]
| reports_to = [[Parliament of India]]
}}
{{Politics of India}}
The '''Speaker of the Lok Sabha''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|Lok Sabhā Adhyakṣa}}) is the [[Chairperson|presiding officer]] and the highest authority of the [[Lok Sabha]] (House of the People), the [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections. Serving for a term of five years, the speaker chosen from sitting members of the Lok Sabha (House of the People),

== Election of the speaker ==
Newly elected Members of Parliament from the [[Lok Sabha]] elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands Lok Sabha functions and it should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties.

MPs propose a name to the Pro tem speaker. These names are notified to the President of India. The President through their aide Secretary-General notifies the election date. If only one name is proposed, the Speaker is elected without any formal vote. However, if more than one nomination is received, a division (vote) is called. MPs vote for their candidate on such date notified by President. The successful candidate is elected as Speaker of the Lok Sabha until the next general election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/rules/rulep3.pdf|website=164.100.47.194|access-date=21 December 2018|title=Election of Speaker and Deputy Speaker and Nomination of Panel of Chairpersons}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/roleofthespeaker.asp|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>

==Powers and functions of the speaker==

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha conducts the business in house, and decides whether a bill is a [[money bill]] or not. They maintain discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for unruly behavior by suspending them. They also permit the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions such as a [[motion of no confidence]], [[Adjournment debate|motion of adjournment]], [[motion of censure]] and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the [[President (government title)|President]]. Further, all comments and speeches made by members of the House are addressed to the Speaker. The Speaker also presides over the joint sitting of both houses of the [[Parliament of India]]. The counterpart of the Speaker in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Council of the States) is its Chairperson; the [[Vice-President of India]] is the ''[[ex-officio]]'' chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. On the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]], the Speaker of Lok Sabha ranks sixth, along with the [[Chief Justice of India]]. The Speaker is answerable to the House. Both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker may be removed by a resolution passed by the majority of the members. Lok Sabha Speaker can be elected by President on a nomination basis.
All bill passed requires his or her signature to go to the Rajya Sabha for its consideration. He/ She is the highest official of the Lok Sabha. The Speaker also has a casting vote in the event of a tie. It is customary for the Presiding Officer to exercise the casting vote in such a manner as to maintain the status quo.[http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/FAQ.aspx]

==Removal of the speaker==
Speaker can be removed by the Lok Sabha by a resolution passed by an effective majority (>50% of total strength excluding vacancies) of the house as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 94 and 96]].

The Speaker is also removed on being disqualified for being [[Lok Sabha]] member under sections 7 and 8 of [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sections 7 & 8k, Representation of the People Act, 1951|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|access-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501024716/http://lawmin.nic.in/legislative/election/volume%201/representation%20of%20the%20people%20act,%201951.pdf|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> This would arise out of speaker's wrong certification of a bill as money bill inconsistent with the definition given in [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Articles 110]] of the constitution.<ref>{{cite web|title= Aadhaar Act as Money Bill: Why the Lok Sabha isn't Immune from Judicial Review |url=http://thewire.in/34721/identity-of-the-aadhaar-act-supreme-court-and-the-money-bill-question/|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> When courts uphold the unconstitutional act of the speaker for wrong certification of a bill as money bill, it amounts to disrespecting the constitution deserving conviction under [[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971]] which is applicable for disqualification of speaker's Lok Sabha membership under section 8K of Representation of the People Act, 1951. However, the omissions in the procedure committed by the speaker in the Lok Sabha can not be challenged in court of law per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 122]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/61480953/|title=Interpretation of Article 122 by the Supreme Court|access-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>

==Pro tem speaker==
After a general election and formation of a new government, a list of senior [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha members]] prepared by the Legislative Section is submitted to the [[Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]], who selects a ''pro tem'' speaker. The appointment has to be approved by the President.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lok-sabha-pro-tem-speaker-kamal-nath-parliament/1/365168.html|title=Pro tem Speaker: All you need to know about this parliamentary post|last=Ashok|first=Akash Deep|date=4 June 2014|publisher=India Today|access-date=21 September 2014}}</ref>

The first meeting after the election when the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are selected by members of the Parliament is held under the ''pro tem'' Speaker. In absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker acts as Speaker and in the absence of both a committee of six members selected by the Speaker will act as Speaker according to their seniority.

The eligibility criteria to become the Speaker of the Lok Sabha are:

* He or she must be a citizen of India;
* He or she must not be less than 25 years of age; and
* He or she should not hold any office of profit under the [[Government of India]], or a [[State governments of India|state government]].
*He should not be a Criminal Offender.

==List of speakers<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha|url=https://speakerloksabha.nic.in/frmspeaker.asp|access-date=2021-06-12|website=speakerloksabha.nic.in}}</ref>==

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
!rowspan=2| No.
!rowspan=2| Name
!rowspan=2| Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
!colspan=4| Term
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| Party
|-
! From
! To
! Length
! Lok Sabha<ref>{{cite web|title= Office of the Lok Sabha Speaker |url=http://speakerloksabha.nic.in|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref>
|-
|align=center| 1
| [[Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar]]
|[[File:G._V._Mavalankar.jpg|83x83px]]
|[[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]]
| 15 May 1952
| 27 February 1956
| {{Age in years and days|1952|5|15|1956|2|27}}
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]
|rowspan=8| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=8 width="4px" style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 2
|rowspan=2| [[M. A. Ayyangar]]
|rowspan=2|
| rowspan="2" |[[Chittoor (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]]
| 8 March 1956
| 10 May 1957
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|8 march 1956|16 april 1962}}
|-
| 11 May 1957
| 16 April 1962
|align=center |[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]
|-
|align=center| 3
| [[Hukam Singh (Punjab politician)|Hukam Singh]]
|
|[[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| 17 April 1962
| 16 March 1967
| {{Age in years and days|1962|4|17|1967|3|16}}
|align=center| [[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]
|-
|align=center| 4
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
| 17 March 1967
| 19 July 1969
| {{Age in years and days|1967|3|17|1969|7|19}}
|align=center rowspan=2| [[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 5
|rowspan=2| [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
|rowspan=2 align=center height=100px| —
| rowspan="2" |[[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran]]
| 8 August 1969
| 17 March 1971
| {{Age in years and days|1969|8|8|1971|3|17}}
|-
| 22 March 1971
| 1 December 1975
| {{Age in years and days|1971|3|22|1975|12|1}}
|align=center rowspan=2| [[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]
|-
|align=center| 6
| [[Bali Ram Bhagat]]
| [[File:Nicolae_Ceauşescu_and_B.R._Bhagat_(cropped).png|75x75px]]
|[[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]]
| 15 January 1976
| 25 March 1977
| {{Age in years and days|1976|1|15|1977|3|25}}
|-
|align=center| (4)
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy_(cropped).jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
| 26 March 1977
| 13 July 1977
| {{Age in years and days|1977|3|26|1977|7|13}}
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Janata Party]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center| 7
| [[K. S. Hegde]]
| [[File:K._S._Hegde.jpg|106x106px]]
|[[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]]
| 21 July 1977
| 21 January 1980
| {{Age in years and days|1977|7|21|1980|1|21}}
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 8
| rowspan="2" | [[Balram Jakhar]]
|rowspan=2| [[File:Dr_Balram_Jakhar.jpg|98x98px]]
|[[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur]]
| 22 January 1980
| 15 January 1985
| rowspan="2" | {{Ayd|22 january 1980|18 december 1989}}
|align=center| [[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|-
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
| 16 January 1985
| 18 December 1989
|align=center| [[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]
|-
|align=center| 9
| [[Rabi Ray]]
| align=center height=100px| [[File:Portrait_of_Rabi_Ray.jpg|87x87px]]
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| 19 December 1989
| 9 July 1991
| {{Age in years and days|1989|12|19|1991|7|9}}
|align=center| [[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]
| [[Janata Dal]]
| style="background-color: {{Janata Dal/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center| 10
| [[Shivraj Patil]]
| [[File:Shivraj_Patil.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]]
| 10 July 1991
| 22 May 1996
| {{Age in years and days|1991|7|10|1996|5|22}}
|align=center| [[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center| 11
| [[P. A. Sangma]]
| [[File:The_former_Lok_Sabha_Speaker_Shri_P.A._Sangma_met_the_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_on_January_18,_2004_(cropped).png|75x75px]]
|[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| 23 May 1996
| 23 March 1998
| {{Age in years and days|1996|5|23|1998|3|23}}
|align=center| [[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|-
|align=center rowspan=2| 12
|rowspan=2| [[G. M. C. Balayogi]]
|rowspan=2 align=center height=100px| [[File:G._M._C._Balayogi_in_New_Delhi,_India,_2001.jpg|112x112px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Amalapuram (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]]
| 24 March 1998
| 19 October 1999
| {{Age in years and days|1998|3|24|1999|10|19}}
|align=center| [[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|rowspan=2| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color: {{Telugu Desam Party/meta/color}}" |
|-
| 22 October 1999
| 3 March 2002
| {{Age in years and days|1999|10|22|2002|3|3}}
|rowspan=2 align=center| [[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
|-
|align=center| 13
| [[Manohar Joshi]]
| [[File:Manohar_Joshi_cropped.jpg|110x110px]]
|[[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]]
| 10 May 2002
| 2 June 2004
| {{Age in years and days|2002|5|10|2004|6|2}}
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| style="background-color: {{Shiv Sena/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center| 14
|[[Somnath Chatterjee]]
| [[File:Somnath_Chatterjee_speaking_at_the_inauguration_of_the_Eighth_meeting_of_the_Commonwealth_Chief_Election_Officers,_organised_by_the_Election_Commission_of_India_in_co-ordination_with_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat,_in_New_Delhi.jpg|75x75px]]
|[[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| 4 June 2004
| 31 May 2009
| {{Age in years and days|2004|6|4|2009|5|31}}
|align=center| [[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| style="background-color: {{Communist Party of India (Marxist)/meta/color}}" |
|-
|align=center| 15
| [[Meira Kumar]]
| [[File:Meira_Kumar.jpg|100x100px]]
|[[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]]
| 4 June 2009
| 4 June 2014
| {{Age in years and days|2009|6|4|2014|6|4}}
|align=center| [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| style="background-color: {{Indian National Congress/meta/color}}" |

|-
|align=center| 16
| [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
| [[File:Sumitra_Mahajan.jpg|88x88px]]
|[[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]]
| 6 June 2014
| 17 June 2019
|{{Age in years and days|2014|6|6|2019|6|17}}
|align=center| [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |
|-
| align="center" | 17
|[[Om Birla]]
| [[File:Om Birla Member of Parliament Rajasthan India.jpg|104x104px]]
|[[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]]
| 19 June 2019
| ''Incumbent''
| {{Ayd|19 june 2019}}
| align="center" |[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|-365 days
|}

==See also==
*[[Vice President of India]] (Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha)
*[[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://speakerloksabha.nic.in}}
{{Speakers of the Lok Sabha}}
{{Parliament of India}}

[[Category:Lists of legislative speakers in India]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Lok Sabha|*]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in India]]
[[Category:Lists of members of the Lok Sabha]]

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Speaker of the Lok Sabha