Rohtas district

2021-08-22T06:24:45Z

2409:4064:4E1D:F930:A32F:C2C9:56BF:D3C3:

{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rohtas district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Sher Shah Suri's - Tomb 01.jpg
| image_caption = [[Tomb of Sher Shah Suri|Tomb]] of [[Sher Shah Suri]]
| image_map = Bihar district location map Rohtas.svg
| map_caption = Location of Rohtas district in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|25|N|84|E|type:adm3rd_region:IN_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Sasaram
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna division|Patna]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Sasaram]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3847.82
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,959,918
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.37%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 914
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]], [[Karakat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karakat]],[[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]]
| leader_title2 = District Magistrate
| leader_name2 = Dharmendra Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service]] <br />
| leader_title3 = Superintendent of Police
| leader_name3 = Ashish Bharti, [[Superintendent of Police|Indian Police Service]]<br />
| leader_title4 = Divisional Forest Officer
| leader_name4 = Pradyumn Gaurav, [[Indian Forest Service]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 2 (India)|NH 2]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://rohtas.nic.in/|Official District Website}}
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India#Asia
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = *[[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=9 August 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
*[[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
*[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| iso_code = 06188
}}
'''Rohtas district''' is one of the thirty-eight [[districts of Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]], India. It came into existence when [[Shahabad district|Shahabad District]] was bifurcated into Bhojpur & Rohtas in 1972. Administrative headquarter of the district is [[Sasaram]].<ref name="rohtas.nic.in">{{Cite web|title=District Rohtas, Government of Bihar {{!}} Rice bowl of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://rohtas.nic.in/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> Rohtas district has the highest literacy in Bihar. The literacy rate of Rohtas district which is 73.37% as per 2011 census is highest among all 38 districts of Bihar.

Rohtas district also has one of the highest forest cover among all 38 districts of Bihar.

The Rohtas district is a part of [[Patna Division]], and it has an area of 3850 km², a population of 2,959,918 (2011 census), and a population density of 763 persons per km². Languages spoken here are [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].<ref name="rohtas.nic.in"/>

==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,06,016|13=1911|14=5,75,964|15=1921|16=5,60,894|17=1931|18=6,16,315|19=1941|20=7,19,901|21=1951|22=8,31,133|23=1961|24=10,24,133|25=1971|26=12,86,983|27=1981|28=15,83,280|29=1991|30=19,27,736|31=2001|32=24,64,243|33=2011|34=29,59,918|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

Rohtas district was created in 1972, when the former [[Shahabad district]] was divided in two. It corresponded to the former district's sub-divisions of [[Sasaram]] and [[Bhabua]]. In 1991, Bhabua was split off as a separate district, which was renamed [[Kaimur district]] in 1994.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=19, 25–28, 44, 47–48, 51, 58, 60, 94 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>

The district is a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115807/http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |archive-date=2011-10-27 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Rohtas district occupies an area of {{convert|3851|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> This makes it the 4th-largest district in Bihar.<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>

Rohtas district can be divided into two major natural areas. In the north and northeast is the Sasaram Plain, an [[alluvium|alluvial]] plain sloping gently downward toward the northeast. Its average height ranges from 72m above [[sea level]] in the north to 153m above sea level in the south. The plains cover all of Dinara, Dawath, Bikramganj, Nasriganj, Nokha, and Dehri Blocks, as well as parts of Sasaram, Sheosagar, and Rohtas Blocks. There are scattered woodlands in the east, in Sasaram Block. In the southern part of the district is the [[Rohtas Plateau]], which is an eastern flank of the [[Vindhya Range|Vindhya plateau]] with an average elevation of 300m above sea level. It covers parts of Nauhatta, Rohtas, Sheosagar, Sasaram, and Chenari Blocks. This area is hilly, with occasional forests throughout. Several streams flow toward the north, including the [[Durgavati River|Durgawati]], the [[Bajari (river)|Bajari]], the [[Koel (river)|Koel]], and the [[Sura (Indian river)|Sura]]. The Rohtas Plateau is less well suited for agriculture due to the uneven, rocky and gravelly soils as well as the forest cover. A variety of long grasses grow naturally on the plateau, including [[pear grass]], [[kus]], and [[khas khas]].<ref name="Census 2011"/>

Throughout Rohtas district, the soils are generally classified as [[ustalfs]], [[ochrept]]s, [[orthent]]s, [[fluvent]]s, and [[psamment]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==Sub-divisions==
Rohtas district is divided into 19 [[community development block]]s, which are grouped together into 3 sub-divisions based at [[Sasaram]], [[Bikramganj]], and [[Dehri]], respectively.<ref name="Census 2011" />

The 19 CD Blocks are as follows:<ref name="Census 2011" />
* [[Kochas]]
* [[Dinara, Bihar|Dinara]]
* [[Dawath]]
* [[Suryapura, India|Suryapura]]
* [[Bikramganj]]
* [[Karakat]]
* [[Nasriganj]]
* [[Rajpur, Rohtas|Rajpur]]
* [[Sanjhauli]]
* [[Nokha, Rohtas|Nokha]]
* [[Kargahar]]
* [[Chenari, India|Chenari]]
* [[Nauhatta, Rohtas|Nauhatta]]
* [[Sheosagar]]
* [[Sasaram]]
* [[Akorhi Gola]]
* [[Dehri]]
* [[Tilouthu|Tilauthu]]
* [[Rohtas block|Rohtas]]

There are 10 towns in Rohtas district, as follows:<ref name="Census 2011" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-
! Town name
! Class
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Koath]] || [[Nagar panchayat]] || 18,890
|-
| [[Bikramganj]] || Nagar panchayat || 48,465
|-
| [[Nasriganj]] || Nagar panchayat || 23,819
|-
| [[Nokha, Rohtas|Nokha]] || Nagar panchayat || 27,302
|-
| [[Bhardua, Bihar|Bhardua]] || [[Census town]] || 5,317
|-
| [[Chenari, India|Chanari]] || Census town || 6,569
|-
| [[Sasaram]] || Nagar Nigam || 147,408
|-
| [[Dehri]] || Nagar parishad || 137,231
|-
| [[Saraiya, Bihar|Saraiya]] || Census town || 8,260
|-
| [[Telkap]] || Census town || 4,504
|-
|Karagahar
|Census town
|10,170
|}

There are 246 [[gram panchayat]]s in Rohtas district as of 2011.<ref name="Census 2011" />

==Economy==
Economy of the district is [[agriculture]] based. [[Rice]], [[wheat]] and [[maize]] are the main crops. Rohtas is also called the “Rice bowl of Bihar”. Until 1980, [[Dalmianagar]] was one of the major industrial cities in India. It had [[sugar]], [[vegetable oil]], [[cement]], [[paper]], and chemical factories but now they are closed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Economy {{!}} District Rohtas, Government of Bihar {{!}} India|url=https://rohtas.nic.in/economy/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref>

In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Rohtas one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="brgf" /> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar have received funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name="brgf">{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Rohtas District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|89.37}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|10.15}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.21}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.10}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.09}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.05}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.02}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Rohtas district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,959,918,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 2011-06-11 }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Armenia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Armenia 2,967,975 July 2011 est. | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-date = 27 September 2011 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Mississippi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=Mississippi 2,967,297|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=2013-10-19}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 127th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> In Bihar, it is ranked 17th out of 38 in terms of population.<ref name="Census 2011 B"/> The district has a population density of {{convert|763|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}, ranking 34th out of 38 in Bihar (the state's density is {{convert|1106|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |pages=13|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Bihar.html |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 20.22%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Rohtas has a [[sex ratio]] of 918 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, which ranks 22nd out of 38 in Bihar (the state ratio is also 918).<ref name="Census 2011 B"/>

The [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] in Rohtas district was 73.37% as of 2011 which is highest among all 38 districts of Bihar. The literacy rate was higher for men than for women: 82.88% of men but only 62.97% of women in the district could read and write. Literacy also was higher in urban areas than rural ones. The highest literacy rate in Rohtas district could be found in the town and sub-district of [[Dehri]] - 77.70% of the district's total population, and 81.2% of the population of the town proper, was literate. The lowest literacy rate was in the entirely rural district of [[Nauhatta]], where 63.07% of the population could read and write.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

A majority of the working population of Rohtas district was employed in [[agriculture]] in 2011, with 23.58% being cultivators who owned or rented their own land and 43.85% being agricultural laborers who worked someone else's land for wages. Another 5.25% of the district's workforce was employed in household industries, and all other forms of employment accounted for the remaining 27.33%.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

===Languages===

{{Pie chart| thumb = right| caption = Languages in Rohtas (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |archive-date=15 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |label1=[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value1=87.67
|color1=Yellow
|label2=[[Hindi]] |value2=7.4 |color2=Orange
|label3=[[Urdu]] |value3=4.38 |color3=Green
|label4=Others |value4=0.55 |color4=Grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 87.67% of the population in the district spoke [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 7.47% [[Hindi]] and 4.39% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
In 1982 Rohtas district became home to the [[Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|1342|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Bihar|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=September 25, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=August 23, 2011}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://rohtas.nic.in/ Official website]
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Rohtas district
|North = [[Buxar district]]
|Northeast = [[Bhojpur district, Bihar|Bhojpur district]]
|East = [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]]
|Southeast = [[Palamu district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|South = [[Garhwa district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|Southwest = [[Sonbhadra district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|West = [[Kaimur district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Rohtas district}}
{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Patna Division}}
{{Son basin}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rohtas District}}
[[Category:Rohtas district| ]]
[[Category:Patna division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]

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Rohtas district